Chapter V · MINOR VARIETIES OF PEARS (continued 4)

Distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel., about 1880. Fruit medium, obovate or obtuse-pyriform; flesh melting, very juicy, sugary, perfumed; Mar. and Apr.

Charnock. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 547. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 194. 1889.

A Scotch dessert pear. Fruit small, pyriform, greenish-yellow in the shade and dark, dull red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-buttery, juicy, sweet, aromatic; Sept.

Chat Brulé. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:247. 1768. 2. Miller Gard. Dict. 3: 1807. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:555, fig. 1867.

Duhamel du Monceau writing in 1768 mentions two varieties bearing the name Chat Brulé or Burnt Cat. Of these the second is the Chat Brulé described under that name by Leroy, ripening in November and the first is the Dutch variety Kamper Venus, ripening late in the winter. Each of these has been known also as Kamper Venus. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, smooth, shining, pale yellow where shaded, and washed with red where exposed to the sun; flesh very white, rather coarse, breaking; juice rather wanting, rarely very sweet, generally without perfume; good only for cooking; Nov. and Dec.

Chattanooga. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

Originated at Brookline, Mass., by S. A. Shurtleff; fruited first in 1863. Fruit medium to large, truncate, dark green; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sweet, perfumed; good; Oct.

Chaudfontaine. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:59, fig. 510. 1881. 2. Guide Prat. 81. 1895.

Disseminated by M. Galopin, a nurseryman at Liege, Bel., in 1865. Fruit large or rather large, pyriform, a little swelled, water-green almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet, changing to pale yellow on maturity and the russet to golden on the side to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-breaking, full of juice, sweet and musky; good for household use; Oct.

Chaumontel. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 718. 1869. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 163. 1920.

Besi de Chaumontel. 3. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:199, Pl. XL. 1768. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:266, fig. 1867.

Merlet writing in his L’Abrégé des bon fruits of 1675 said that the Chaumontel pear originated from a wilding growing at Chaumontel, Fr. In 1765 Duhamel du Monceau saw the parent tree, at that time more than a century old, bearing a fine crop. Fruit large; form variable, but always long, obtuse, bossed, pyriform, yellow or yellowish-green in the shade, dotted with numerous brownish-red spots and brownish-red or deep rich red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, buttery, rich and sugary; juice abundant, vinous, highly perfumed; a high class dessert pear.

Chaumontel Gras. 1. Rev. Hort. 468, fig. 1888.

In 1845 seed of the Chaumontel was sown from which was obtained in 1859 fruit whose seed was in turn sown. A seedling grown from this latter seed bore fruit, which was reported about 1875 as follows: Fruit large or very large, obtuse-pyriform, swelled, bossed, bright yellow, very much covered with fine dots and gray marblings and on the sun-touched side often tinted with carmine or brick-red more or less intense; flesh white or yellowish, semi-fine, crisp, very melting, juicy, rich, sugary, perfumed; spring.

Chaumontel Swan Egg. 1. Mag. Hort. 5:304. 1839.

Raised by John Williams, Pitmaston, Eng., from seed of Chaumontel impregnated with the pollen of Swan Egg. Fruit medium, obovate, russet; flesh rich and sugary; Oct.

Chaumontelle d’Été. 1. Gard. Chron. 1207. 1873. 2. Guide Prat. 90. 1876.

Presumably a French pear, having been received in England from Orléans in the autumn of 1871. Fruit large or very large; flesh semi-melting or juicy, sugary and of a distinct perfumed flavor.

Chelmsford. 1. Mag. Hort. 6:18. 1840. 2. Ibid. 7:169. 1841. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 719. 1869.

Originated on the farm of Zaccheus Wright, Chelmsford, Mass., early in the nineteenth century. It has been known also under the names Tyngsboro and Mogul Summer. Fruit of the largest size, globular-obtuse-pyriform, yellow, red cheek; flesh coarse, sweet; good for cooking; Sept.

Cher à Dames (Knoop). 1. Knoop Fructologie 1:105, 135, Pl. V. 1771.

This pear although illustrated by Knoop under the name Chair à Dame is not identical with the variety described under that name in this work or by Leroy. Fruit medium, somewhat oblong, diminishing toward the stalk and becoming acute, globular in lower half, flattened around the calyx which is not deeply sunken; when ripe the skin is uniformly yellow and blushed on the side of the sun with a beautiful red; flesh soft, rather gritty, succulent and of a very agreeable flavor; Aug. and Sept.

Cherroise. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:557, fig. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:169, fig. 469. 1880.

This wilding was found in a wood in the Commune of Cherré, Maine-et-Loire, Fr., and was first propagated about 1848. Fruit medium, ovate-obtuse, mammillate; skin rough to the touch, yellow-ochre, with patches of fawn-colored russet, washed when ripe with a blush of vermilion red on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, breaking; juice sufficient, sugary, rather savory; second; Jan. and Feb.

Chesill. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629.

Mentioned by John Parkinson in 1629 as a “delicate mellow pear, even melting as it were in the mouth of the eater, although greenish on the outside.”

Chilton. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 45. 1866.

A seedling raised and fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., and exhibited to the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1866. Fruit medium, turbinate, brown-russet; flesh sweet, juicy and buttery, with high flavor; described by the promoter as very fine; Oct.

China. 1. Gard. Chron. 1095. 1867.

Of Chinese origin. Reported in 1867 to be full of promise in Queenstown, Australia, and to have been growing in the neighboring British Colony of New South Wales for many years. Fruit large, many weighing 16 or 17 ounces; shape variable, breadth being sometimes as great as the length, warm yellow ground dotted all over with russet; flesh crisp, juicy, sweet, the skin having something of a musky pineapple flavor; a handsome, fragrant fruit; first for cooking; a good keeper; summer.

Chio. 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 3: 1807.

Commonly called, according to Miller, the Little Bastard Musk Pear to distinguish it from the Little Musk Pear. Fruit small, roundish, yellow when ripe, with a few streaks of red on the side next the sun; juice musky; good; July.

Choak-pear. 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 3: 1807.

The fruit of this pear is so acrid that it produces a choking sensation. Its flesh is red and it is rarely cultivated.

Choisnard. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:559, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 80. 1895.

Found growing wild in the environs of Ormes-Sur-Vienne, Fr., about 1810. Fruit above to medium, pyramidal-obtuse, rather wrinkled, dark yellow, dotted with fawn, large gray marblings which pass to dark brown on the exposed side; flesh yellowish, semi-melting, semi-fine, gritty at core; juice sufficient, sugary, tartish, savory, with a delicate, musky flavor; first; Jan. to Mar.

Cholwell. 1. Mag. Hort. 13:451. 1847.

An English variety first described by the London Horticultural Society in 1847. Fruit medium, curved pyramidal; skin smooth, thin, yellowish-green in the shade and partly tinged and obscurely streaked with dull red next the sun where it is also speckled with pale dots; flesh yellowish-white, melting, buttery, very sugary and rich, musky; Oct.

Christmas. 1. Elliott Fr. Book. 371. 1859.

Originated in Cincinnati, O., and described as “new” in 1859. Fruit medium, ovate-rounded, rough, bronzed, russety; flesh a little gritty, juicy, sweet; very good; Dec. and Jan.

Christmas Beurré. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 158. 1874.

A seedling of the White Doyenné shown in the Massachusetts Horticultural Society’s rooms in 1874. Fruit full medium size, ovate-pyriform, dull green, with thin russet towards the stem and sometimes sprinkled with red next the sun; flesh rather gritty at core, juicy and rich; very good to best; Dec.

Church. 1. Mag. Hort. 23:112, fig. 5. 1857. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 19. 1869.

Vanilla. 3. Watson Am. Home Gard. 376, fig. 235. 1860.

Reported by Downing to have originated on land belonging to Trinity Church at New Rochelle, N. Y., hence its name; but Dr. Brincklé, in the second reference, says that it was believed to be a seedling raised by an old Huguenot settler, and that the original tree still existed on the premises of L. P. Miller, and was presumed to be nearly 100 years old. In 1859 Dr. Brincklé and Prince and Ferris expressed the opinion that it was identical with Platt’s Bergamot and Mr. Colt thought the Clark pear of Hartford was also the same. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, irregular, green becoming yellow at maturity, with minute dots; flesh fine, very buttery, melting, with a very rich, sweet and highly perfumed flavor; first; Sept.

Chypre. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:561, fig. 1867. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 571. 1884.

Duhamel in 1768, Poiteau in 1848 and Dr. Hogg in 1884 make this pear synonymous with Early Rousselet. Leroy regards it as a separate variety. It is an ancient pear of uncertain origin. It was described by Merlet in 1675 and was cultivated even earlier by Le Lectier in his garden at Orléans. Probably it originated at the beginning of the seventeenth century, but whether it took its name from the Island of Cyprus or the cypress tree seems uncertain. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, bright grayish-green, stained with brownish-red on the side of the sun; flesh dense, rather coarse, semi-breaking; juice abundant, vinous, sugary, with a perfume recalling cinnamon; first as an early pear; July and Aug.

Cincincis. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 12. 1874-5. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:451, 479, figs. 149, 154. 1913.

This oriental pear, possibly of French origin, was received from New York by S. F. Smith, Marietta, O., in 1854. It is the parent of numerous seedlings fruited by Mr. Smith. Fruit medium to small, oval, fairly regular, light greenish-russet, with numerous brown dots; skin slightly rough; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, breaking, crisp; devoid of flavor, poor; Oct.

Cincincis Seedling. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:479. 1913.

Introduced by William Parry and very closely resembles, if it is not identical with, Cincincis. Fruit medium to large, oblong, largest at stem end, tapering to blossom end, smooth, creamy-yellow; flesh tender, crisp, juicy, lacking quality.

Cincinnatus. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:479. 1913.

An oriental seedling produced by S. F. Smith from seed of Cincincis. Folette Smith, son of the originator, says, “The tree is vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit resembles Cincincis in color and shape but is quite distinct in quality; juicy, subacid, rich; flesh gritty.”

Cinquantième Anniversaire. 1. Guide Prat. 89. 1895.

Raised by M. Grégoire of Jodoigne, Bel., who considered it one of his best gains. Fruit small to large; Nov.

Cire. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:563, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 108. 1876.

Wachsbirne. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:187. 1856.

One of Major Espéren’s gains at Mechlin, Bel., about 1840. Fruit large, long-conic, obtuse, much swelled around the calyx; skin waxy yellow, bright, rather thick, slightly tinged with rose on the side of the sun and some small stains of dark maroon; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting, extremely granular about the center; juice sufficient but wanting in perfume and in sweetness; third; Feb.

Cité Gomand. 1. Guide Prat. 74. 1895.

A gain of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant. Fruit medium, turbinate-ovate, yellow with dots; flesh melting, juicy; good; Oct.

Citrina. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 45. 1866. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 720. 1869.

One of S. A. Shurtleff’s seedlings. First fruited in 1862. Fruit medium, short-pyriform, bright yellow, lumpy and nodular; flesh nearly white, coarse, gritty at core, of a pleasant, peculiar flavor; Sept.

Citron. 1. Mag. Hort. 4:231. 1838. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 720. 1869.

A seedling of the late Governor Edwards. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, greenish, shaded with dull crimson; flesh greenish, rather coarse, juicy, melting, sugary, vinous, musky; good; Aug. and Sept.

Citron d’Hyver. 1. Miller Gard. Dict. 3: 1807.

Fruit medium to large, “in shape and color very like an orange or citron;” flesh hard and dry, gritty; good baking pear; Dec. to Mar.

Citron de Saint Paul. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:566. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:29, fig. 207. 1879.

From a seed bed of M. de la Farge in the Commune of Salers, Cantal, Fr. It was first published in 1856. Fruit below medium, ovate, obtuse and bossed, golden-yellow, dotted all over with bright green; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, rather gritty; juice very abundant, sugary, sweet and deliciously perfumed; first; Sept.

Citron de Sierentz. 1. Knoop Fructologie 1:103, 135, Pl. V. 1771. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:101, fig. 435. 1880.

The Horticultural Society of Angers received some grafts of this variety in 1836 with the information that it originated in the small village of Sierentz, near Mulhausen, Alsace. Knoop, however, describing it in 1771 under the name of Citron de Sirène gives it various Flemish synonyms. Fruit small to medium, turbinate or globular-ovate and slightly pyriform, bright yellow or greenish-yellow, dotted with russet and some brownish-fawn markings passing often to olive-brown and slightly vermilion on the side of the sun; flesh white, coarse, breaking, juicy, sugary, acid, savory; second; July and Aug.

Citronnée. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:568, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 71, 245. 1895.

This is practically identical with the pear found by Diel and described by him in 1806 under the name Rothbackige Citronatbirne. Fruit below medium, globular, bossed at summit, lemon-yellow, dotted with russet and washed on the sun-exposed side with delicate rose; flesh white, fine, dense, very melting, gritty about the core; juice very abundant, sugary, slightly acid, aromatic, savory, leaving a slight flavor of musk; first; Sept.

Clap. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 720. 1869.

Originated by Captain William Clap of Massachusetts. Fruit below medium, acute-pyriform, yellowish-green, with brownish blush in the sun; flesh whitish, buttery, juicy, aromatic; Aug.

Clara. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:58. 1842. 2. Ibid. 16:295. 1850. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 720. 1869.

A Van Mons seedling placed on the list of “Rejected Fruits” at the second session of the Congress of Fruit Growers at New York in 1850. Fruit medium, long, light green, with some russet spots and patches; flesh white, juicy, good, rather too acid; Oct.

Clara Durieux. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:149, fig. 75. 1872. 2. Guide Prat. 108. 1876.

A seedling of Von Mons. Fruit medium, globular, bright green, with dots of darker green, becoming golden-yellow on maturity, washed with red on the sun-kissed side; flesh whitish, rather fine, melting, juicy, sweet, vinous, perfumed; Oct.

Claretenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:195. 1856.

Northern Germany, first reported in 1773. Fruit large, roundish-turbinate, often unequal sides, bossed, yellow, somewhat blushed; flesh granular, sweet and astringent; good; Sept.

Clark. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:518. 1853. 2. Ibid. 24:126. 1858.

Origin uncertain; cultivated in Hartford, Conn. The pear “bears a good deal of resemblance in form, texture, flavor and seed to the Autumn Bergamot of Col. Carr.” Fruit above medium, short-pyriform or turbinate, as broad as it is high; flesh rather coarse, very tender, melting, juicy, with a refreshing and agreeable flavor; desirable; Oct.

Clarksville. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 134. 1920.

Original tree about 90 years old. Introduced by Sunny Slope Nursery, Hannibal, Mo.

Claude Blanchet. 1. Guide Prat. 54. 1895. 2. Baltet Cult. Fr. 405. 1908.

A gain of Claude Blanchet, Vienne, Fr., and listed in the Journal de la Societe Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France in 1883. Fruit small or medium; ovate-obtuse and rather swelled, green washed with yellow; flesh whitish, semi-fine, juicy, sugary and acidulous; good; Aug.

Claude Mollet. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1876.

Fruit large, oval-shortened; first; Aug. and Sept.

Clay. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 5. 1843. 2. Mag. Hort. 11:437. 1845. 3. Downing. Fr. Trees Am. 721. 1869.

One of Governor Edwards’ seedlings, exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1843. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, sometimes pyriform, waxen-yellow, blushed with crimson and sprinkled with brown or crimson dots; flesh whitish, rather coarse, granular, juicy, sweet; good; Oct.

Clémence de Lavours. 1. Mas Le Verger 1:71, fig. 42. 1866-73.

A wilding found in the Commune of Lavours, Department Ain, Fr. Fruit medium, pyriform, lemon-yellow; flesh melting, perfumed; first; winter.

Clémence van Rumbeck. 1. Guide Prat. 62. 1895.

Presumably Dutch. Fruit medium or large, nearly round, maroon-russet on yellow; flesh yellowish, fine, melting; first; Nov. and Dec.

Clément Bivort. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:569, fig. 1867.

Obtained by Alexandre Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, in the gardens of the Company, and first placed on the market in 1858. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, orange-yellow, sprinkled with some gray dots, clouded with fawn especially on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous and sourish, with a strong, agreeable perfume of anis; first; Nov. and Dec.

Clementine. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:136. 1856. 2. Gard. Chron. 1038, fig. 1859.

Seedling of Van Mons, 1833. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, golden-yellow, with dots of reddish-brown, slightly reddened on side next the sun; flesh white, moderately fine-grained, melting; juice abundant and perfumed; good; Sept.

Clinton. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:60. 1842. 2. Ibid. 17:263. 1851.

Seedling of Van Mons. Fruit large, light yellow; flesh soft, buttery and good but not high flavored; Nov.

Cloche de Wittenberg. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1876.

Fruit large, turbinate-obovate, dark lemon-yellow, lightly washed with red; flesh breaking; for kitchen use; Oct. and Nov.

Coit Beurré. 1. Horticulturist 19:110, figs. 1, 2. 1864. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 722, fig. 1869.

Raised by Colonel Coit, near Cleveland, O. Fruit medium, obovate inclining to pyriform, yellow, deeply covered with russet, covered with dots which become crimson on exposed side, cheek often crimson; flesh buttery, juicy, spicy, melting, rich, vinous; very good; Sept. and Oct.

Cole. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:239. 1903.

Originated at Detroit, Kan., and variously known as Cole’s Seedless, Cole’s Pear, Cole’s Coreless and Cole’s Seedless and Coreless. Fruit medium, globular approaching acute-pyriform; color lemon-yellow, thickly sprinkled with minute russet dots; stem medium long, stout, inserted in a very small cavity; calyx small, open, in a small, shallow basin; flesh white, a little granular, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant aroma; good. Often sold as “seedless” but frequently shows seeds.

Cole Winter. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 37. 1895.

Received from Horticultural Gardens, Victoria, Australia, by T. J. Garden, Gardenia, Va. Fruit medium, short, pyriform, having a well-defined suture-like groove running from stem to calyx; color yellow, russeted; stem medium, in a small cavity; calyx large, open; flesh white, tender, melting, juicy, sprightly; very good; autumn.

Collins. 1. Mag. Hort. 17:255, fig. 261. 1851. 2. Ibid. 18:149. 1852.

Raised from seed of the White Doyenné on the farm of a Mr. Collins in Watertown, Mass., and introduced in 1848. Fruit large, obovate, rather flattened, when ripe greenish-yellow, with a fine blush in the sun and speckled with russet dots; flesh white, fine, brisk, melting, juicy, vinous, sweet; good; Sept. and Oct.

Colmar. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:222, Pl. L. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:572, fig. 1867.

A highly esteemed pear of ancient and probably Belgian origin. Merlet mentions it in 1690 and La Quintinye in 1730. Fruit above medium, obtuse-pyriform, smooth, pale green changing to yellow-ochre on ripening and sometimes washed with pale red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine, semi-melting, watery, tender, with a rich, sugary flavor; juice very abundant, acidulous, and deliciously perfumed; first; Nov. to Mar.

Colmar d’Alost 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:574, fig. 1867.

Raised from a seed bed made in 1840 by M. Hellinckx, a nurseryman at Alost, Bel. Fruit large, oblong, very obtuse, enlarged on one side, bright green in the shade, yellowish-green on the side exposed to the sun, dotted with brown specks and covered with patches of fawn; flesh white, fine, semi-melting, juicy, gritty at the center, sweet, vinous, acidulous, savory: first; Oct. and Nov.

Colmar d’Arenberg. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 3:3, fig. 1855. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:575, fig. 1867.

Attributed to Van Mons and thought to have originated in 1821. Fruit very large; form rather variable, obovate, uneven and bossed in outline, yellow-ochre on the shaded side and russeted on the exposed face; flesh yellowish-white, semi-melting, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic; a handsome but coarse pear; Oct.

Colmar Artoisenet. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:577, fig. 1867.

Found by Simon Bouvier in the garden of M. Artoisenet at Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium to above, turbinate-obtuse, greenish-yellow, dotted and marbled with gray-russet on the shady side and entirely stained with fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, fine, semi-melting; juice rather wanting, little sugar, delicate; second; Nov.

Colmar d’Automne Nouveau. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:578, fig. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:45, fig. 503. 1881.

Originated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers; first reported in 1851. Fruit above medium, conic-obtuse but sometimes almost cylindrical, russet-gray, lightly and uniformly clouded with orange-yellow; flesh white, fine, melting; juice abundant, sugary and strongly aromatic, occasionally a little acid; first; Sept. and Oct.

Colmar Bretagne. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 549. 1884.

Growing in the gardens of the Caledonian Horticultural Society in Edinburgh, Scot., before 1884. Fruit medium pyramidal, swollen on one side; skin smooth, deep, clear yellow, tinged with green on the shaded side and bright vermilion on the side of the sun, covered all over with small, russety dots; flesh sweet, crisp, juicy and agreeably flavored; dessert fruit; Oct.

Colmar Charni. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:43, fig. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:579, fig. 1867. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 549. 1884.

In 1854 this ancient pear was introduced into the gardens of the Society of Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel. Fruit medium, oval, dull yellow, dotted, veined and stained with fawn, with a vermilion blush on the side of the sun; flesh white, very fine, semi-melting, juicy, sweet, vinous, having a delicious aroma; first; Jan. to Mar.

Colmar Daras. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1876. 2. Ibid. 50. 1895.

Obtained by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel. Fruit large, long and pyramidal, brilliant lemon-yellow, mottled with fawn; flesh very melting and juicy, very sugary; first; winter.

Colmar Delahaut. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:21, fig. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:581, fig. 1867.

Raised from seed by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, curved-pyriform, rather variable, greenish-yellow in the shade, brownish-yellow on the side of the sun, dots and patches of pale brown-russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting, wanting in juice, sugary, vinous, aromatic; second; Jan.

Colmar Demeester. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:582, fig. 1867. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 550. 1884.

A seedling raised by Van Mons. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, somewhat obovate, even and regular in outline, greenish-yellow, rather heavily dotted and with some small patches of brown-russet; flesh yellowish, coarse, semi-melting; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, with an agreeable if often a rather cloying flavor; a second class dessert pear; Sept. and Oct.

Colmar Dewez. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 192. 1832. 2. Mag. Hort. 5:395. 1839.

Originated near Brussels, Bel., about 1825, and in 1839 was shown by R. Manning at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Flesh white, tender and very melting; juice abundant, mild, with an agreeable aroma.

Colmar Épine. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 99, fig. 146. 1866-73. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 725. 1869.

Beurré Épine. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:359, fig. 1867.

Origin uncertain, possibly one of Van Mons’ seedlings, distributed by M. Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit above medium, long-obtuse-pyriform, ventriculated in its lower part, symmetrical, pale green changing at maturity to lemon-yellow, mottled with fawn-russet and strongly washed with brownish-russet on the side opposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, melting, gritty around the core; juice abundant, vinous and saccharine, with an acidulous flavor; second; Nov.

Colmar d’Été. 1. Gard. Chron. 875, 913. 1860. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:583, fig. 1867.

Attributed to Van Mons about 1825. Fruit small, obovate or globular-obovate, smooth, shining, greenish-yellow becoming quite yellow when ripe, sprinkled with brown dots, having in some seasons and places a cheek red and almost transparent; flesh yellowish, very melting; juice excessively abundant, of honey sweetness, rich flavor, acidulous, pleasantly aromatic; first; Aug. and Sept.

Colmar Flotow. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:65, fig. 417. 1880. 2. Guide Prat. 79, 246. 1895.

Named by Oberdieck, who received it unnamed from Van Mons. Fruit medium, globular-conic, green, with numerous very small, brown dots changing to dull lemon-yellow on maturity; flesh whitish, semi-fine, buttery; juice plentiful, sweet and delicately perfumed; good; winter.

Colmar-Hirondelles. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:151, fig. 76. 1872.

A product of the Van Mons seed beds, catalogued in 1823. Fruit medium, pyriform and somewhat swelled around the middle, green, speckled with brown dots, changing to bright lemon-yellow on ripening, the exposed side being blushed with a beautiful red; flesh yellow, semi-fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, sugary, vinous and slightly perfumed; second.

Colmar de Jonghe. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 724. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 72. 1895.

J. de Jonghe of Belgium originated this variety and said of it, “Tree hardy, robust, vigorous and productive, rather upright; young wood nut brown, with a few gray specks.” Fruit medium, pyriform, bright yellowish-green, washed with brown; flesh yellowish, very fine, semi-melting, juicy, perfumed; first; Sept. and Oct.

Colmar de Mars. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:586, fig. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:139, fig. 262. 1879.

Grown from seed by M. Nerad, Jr., nurseryman at Lyons, Fr., in 1853. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, golden-yellow, dotted, veined and slightly rayed with russet; flesh yellowish, fine, firm though melting, scented; juice abundant, refreshing, sugary, savory and having a slight taste of musk; first; May.

Colmar du Mortier. 1. Guide Prat. 89. 1895.

Fruit medium, ovate, bright lemon-yellow; flesh salmon, very fine, very melting, very sugary; first; Feb.

Colmar Navez. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:586, fig. 1867. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 551. 1884.

Raised from seed by M. Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. The first fruits were yielded in 1837. Fruit large, globular-obovate, yellowish-green, slightly dotted with gray, clouded with brown-russet, and often washed with brick-red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, rather fine, semi-melting; juice sufficient, sugary, acidulous, savory, having an aroma suggestive of musk and anis; first; Oct.

Colmar Neill. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 821. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 551. 1884.

From a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1815. Fruit very large, obovate, smooth, glossy, pale yellow, sprinkled all over with russety dots and stained with some markings of cinnamon-colored russet; flesh white, buttery, sweet, juicy, vinous and of a musky flavor; good to very good; Oct.

Colmar Sirand. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:178, fig. 570. 1881. 2. Guide Prat. 63. 1895.

From a seed bed of Winter Nelis made in 1856 by M. Pariset, Curciat-Dongalon, Department Ain, Fr. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform; skin thin and tender, pale green, with brown dots, yellow when ripe; flesh slightly yellow, fine, melting, having a decided scent of musk and rose; first; Dec.

Colmar Van Mons. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 192. 1832. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 551. 1884.

Colmar des Invalides. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:584, fig. 1867. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 725. 1890.

Raised at Enghien, Bel., in 1808 by M. Duquesne, a friend of Van Mons. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, irregular; skin thick, dark green changing to yellow-green and washed with red on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish, buttery and melting, gritty about the core; juice watery; a cooking pear; Nov. to Jan.

Colmart. 1. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 200. 1817. 2. Ragan Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul. 126:83. 1908.

An old variety resembling Bon-Chrétien d’Hiver. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; stalk planted in a deep hollow, bossed; skin smooth, green, dotted with brown spots, inclines to yellow on maturity; flesh yellowish, very fine, buttery and melting; juice very sweet and sprightly; Jan. to Apr.

Coloma Carmeliterbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ Obstkunde 2:12. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 197. 1889.

One of Count Coloma’s Belgian seedlings, 1828. Fruit medium, conic, covered all over with dark brown-russet, with a dark blush when ripe; good for transportation; Dec.

Colorado Seedless. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 30. 1913.

Originated near Paonia, Col. Tree vigorous, healthy, hardy, productive; fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; skin smooth, dull greenish-yellow, with green and russet dots and a distinct reddish blush; core small; seeds few, usually abortive; flesh yellowish-white, rather fine-grained, tender, melting, juicy, aromatic; good; Oct.

Colorée de Juillet. 1. Mas Le Verger 2:43, fig. 20. 1866-73. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:589, fig. 1867.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., about 1857. Fruit medium, ovate, regular; skin oily, bright yellow, dotted with gray and dark red, vermilion on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-breaking; juice never abundant, sweetish, wanting in sugar and perfume; second; July.

Columbia. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 725. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 552. 1884.

The original tree grew on the farm of a Mr. Casser, Westchester County, N. Y. Fruit large, oblong-obovate, smooth, fine, pale green or golden-yellow when ripe, with sometimes a soft orange tinge on its cheek and dotted with small, gray dots; flesh white, buttery, melting, sweet, perfumed; hardly good; Nov. to Jan.

Commandant Belaieff. 1. Rev. Hort. 463. 1906.

Placed on the market as a new pear by M. Bruant, Poitiers, Fr., in 1906. Fruit large, wrinkled and reddened all over; flesh rather fine, juicy, very sugary, strongly scented; first; end of Dec.

Commissaire Delmotte. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:15, fig. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:591, fig. 1867.

Gained by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel.; ripened first in 1852 or ’53. Fruit medium and above, globular-turbinate-obtuse, slightly bossed; skin wrinkled, lemon-yellow, dotted and veined with fawn, shaded with gray-russet and with numerous very small, blackish-gray stains; flesh yellowish, coarse, semi-melting, gritty at core; juice abundant, sugary, acid, with a delicate scent; second; Nov. to Jan.

Commodore. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:60. 1842. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 570. 1857.

Van Mons seedling No. 1218. Fruit medium, very regular, obovate, round and full at the crown, yellow, with patches of red and russet; flesh buttery, melting, rich, sweet and good; Oct. and Nov.

Compotbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:164. 1856. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 198. 1889.

Of French origin, attributed to 1675. Fruit medium, pyriform, pale yellow, entirely covered with fine, cinnamon-colored russet, becoming a dark golden green on ripening; good; Feb.

Compote d’Été. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:107, fig. 342. 1880.

Mas states he received this variety in France from T. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, Eng. Fruit large, ovate, bright green, speckled with brown dots, turning to pale yellow on ripening; flesh white, rather fine, semi-buttery; juice scarcely sufficient but sugary, a little acid, slightly perfumed.

Comprette. 1. Horticulturist 2:174. 1847. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 726. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 552. 1884.

A Flemish seedling. It was exhibited by M. P. Wilder, President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at the Society’s meeting in 1844. Fruit small, obtuse-pyriform, smooth, greenish-yellow, becoming lemon-yellow, strewed with patches and dots of russet; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, sweet; not of high merit; Nov.

Comstock. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 393. 1859. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 727. 1869.

An American variety which originated in Dutchess County, N. Y. Fruit medium, obovate, smooth and glossy, bright yellow, with crimson cheek; flesh white, crisp and when well ripened has a sweet and sprightly flavor; a coarse, cooking pear; Nov. to Jan.

Comte Canal de Malabaila. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:139, fig. 358. 1880.

Origin uncertain, but probably German. Fruit rather large, globular-ovate or nearly conic, bright green, with brown dots, changing to lemon-yellow and rather golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, buttery, sufficient sweet juice, agreeable; first; through the winter.

Comte de Chambord. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 215, fig. 1906.

Found at Nantes, Fr., towards the end of the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, enlarged at the summit, narrowed at base, yellow; flesh white, very fine, very melting and juicy, sugary and perfumed; very good; Sept. and Oct.

Comte d’Egmont. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 552. 1884.

Fruit small, obovate or turbinate, lemon-yellow, entirely covered with dots of a fine reddish-brown russet, which in some parts are so dense as to form an irregular patch particularly around the calyx; flesh yellow, melting, rather gritty, very rich, sugary, delicious; first; Nov.

Comte de Flandres. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:592, fig. 1867. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 727. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 552. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons though it did not bear fruit till 1843. Fruit very large, obtuse-pyriform, mammillate at each end, rough to the touch, yellowish-green, heavily covered with cinnamon-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine, extremely melting, juicy, perfumed, sugary, quite devoid of seeds; of the highest merit; Oct. to Dec.

Comte de Lambertye. 1. Rev. Hort. 542. 1894. 2. Guide Prat. 89. 1895.

From seed of the Beurré Superfin sown by M. Tourasse; exhibited at Paris and Lyons in 1894, and obtained from the Pomological Congress of Lyons a first class certificate. Fruit globular-turbinate, blonde or light colored, dusted over with golden russet; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sprightly; Sept. and Oct.

Comte Lelieur. 1. Guide Prat. 47. 1895. 2. Baltet Cult. Fr. 305, fig. 189. 1908.

Gained by Ernest Baltet, nurseryman at Troyes, Fr., in 1865. Fruit rather large, globular-oval, yellow, dotted with fawn and washed with carmine; flesh fine, very juicy, sugary, with a delicious aroma; first; Sept. and Oct.

Comte de Meladore. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 40. 1871.

One of a collection of forty-two new varieties of pears exhibited by Marshall P. Wilder at the Exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1871. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellow, with reddened cheek; flesh white, fine-grained, tolerably juicy.

Comte de Morny. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 40. 1871.

Exhibited by Marshall P. Wilder among a collection of 42 new varieties of pears at the Exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1871. Fruit medium, short-acute-pyriform, yellowish, with a red cheek a little obscured with russet; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, sweet and high flavored.

Comte de Paris. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 727. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 553. 1884.

A Van Mons seedling. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-obtuse, yellowish-green thickly dotted all over with large, gray-russet dots and patches, with an orange blush next the sun; flesh yellowish, juicy, brisk, sweet, aromatic; good; Oct. to Dec.

Comtesse d’Alost. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:594, fig. 1867.

Origin uncertain, but it was being cultivated in France in 1840 and in Germany in 1854. Fruit medium, long-conic, rough to the touch, russeted, finely dotted with gray and partially covered with large, longitudinal stains; flesh yellowish-white, close-grained, very melting; juice very abundant, sugary, acidulous and having a very aromatic savor; first; Nov.

Comtesse de Chambord. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 7:13, fig. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:596, fig. 1867.

From seeds of Winter Nelis sown in 1847 by President Parigot, Poitiers, Depart. Vienne, Fr., and fruited for the first time in 1855. Fruit medium and above, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; skin rough, wrinkled, very bright green, sprinkled with dots of greenish-gray, brilliant yellow on the side touched by the sun, and sometimes washed with bright red; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very melting, buttery, gritty at core; juice most abundant, sugary, refreshing, vinous and delicately aromatic; first; Nov. and Dec.

Comtesse Clara Frijs. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1876. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 198. 1889.

Danish. Fruit medium to large, pale yellow, dotted; flesh white, melting, juicy, sugary, perfumed; good; Aug.

Comtesse de Grailly. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:165, fig. 83. 1872.

Introduced by Eugène des Nouhes, near Pouzanges, Vendée, Fr., in 1867. Fruit medium, globular-conic, flattened at the two poles, very bright green changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow on ripening, golden on the side of the sun, sprinkled with numerous fawn dots; flesh white, fine, melting, rather granular at the core, with abundant sweet juice and a delicate perfume; Oct. and Nov.

Comtesse de Paris. 1. Rev. Hort. 242, fig. 89. 1898. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 218, fig. 1906.

Obtained by W. Fourcine, Dreux, Fr., about 1893. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, bent toward stem, greenish-yellow, tinted with fawn around the stem and calyx and dots of russet over the rest of the skin; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, extremely juicy, very sugary, mild flavor; good; Dec.

Condorcet. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:597, fig. 1867.

Of unknown origin; named after the Marquis of Condorcet. Fruit below medium or small, turbinate, acute and undulating at base, but sometimes somewhat obtuse and mammillate, always mammillate at crown, bright yellow, dotted, streaked and patched with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, slightly gritty at core; juice enough, sugary, aromatic, rather savory; second; Sept.

Conference. 1. Nicholson Dict. Gard. 3:51. 1900. 2. Garden 62:367, fig. 1902. 3. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 166. 1920.

Named after the National (British) Pear Conference of 1885. Originated by Rivers, the English pomologist, and introduced in 1894. It is now grown in enormous quantities in England for market purposes and is said to be one of the most regular cropping varieties. Tree a moderate grower, very productive. Fruit medium to above, slightly long-gourd-shaped, even, smooth, shining green, dotted with russet; stem long, woody; calyx open in a shallow basin; flesh pale yellow, slight pinkish tinge, melting, very juicy, sweet, good; Oct. and Nov.

Congrès de Gand. 1. Guide Prat. 73. 1895.

A Belgian variety distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp. Fruit medium, pyriform, fawn color; flesh white, melting; good; Oct.

Congrès Pomologique. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:598, fig. 1867. 2. Downing Fr. Trees. Am. 728. 1869.

Raised by Boisbunel, Rouen, 1854. Fruit above medium, turbinate, globular and bossed; skin rough, olive-yellow, slightly dotted with brown, more or less clouded with pale red on the cheek next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, having a pleasant flavor of musk; first; Nov. and Dec.

Conkleton. 1. Ragan Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul. 126:85. 1908.

Raised in Texas from seed of Le Conte. Cataloged as “new” in 1902.

Conklin. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 728. 1869.

Originated in Westchester County, N. Y. Fruit medium large, oblate-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow sprinkled with green and brown dots, russeted; flesh yellowish, coarse, half melting, sweet, juicy; good; Sept.

Connecticut. 1. Field Pear Cult. 272. 1858.

Raised in Connecticut. Fruit medium, oblate, yellowish-green; quality poor.

Conseiller de Hollande. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 554. 1884.

Fruit large, pyramidal, golden-yellow, much covered with rather rough, cinnamon-colored russet, with a warm orange glow on the sun-exposed side, with some streaks of crimson, and some green specks and large dots on the shaded side; flesh firm and crisp, yellowish, not melting, deficient in juice, sweet and with a musky aroma; handsome but third rate; Oct.

Conseiller Ranwez. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:599, fig. 1867. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 554. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons; it fruited in 1841. Fruit large, pyramidal, bright green, covered with fawn dots, becoming yellow within a day or two of its ripening; flesh fine-grained, half-buttery, tender; juice plentiful, sugary, vinous and delicately perfumed; good but variable; Oct. and Nov.

Constant Claes. 1. Guide Prat. 108, 260. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:91, fig. 526. 1881.

A Belgian variety distributed in 1863 by de Jonghe. Fruit medium or rather large, conic-pyriform; skin thin and slender, pale green, washed on ripening with light orange-red; flesh white, fine, melting; juice abundant, sweet, vinous and pleasantly scented; first; Sept.

Cooke. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 484. 1857. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 372. 1859.

Place of origin, King George County, Va. Introduced by H. R. Roby, Fredericksburg, Va. Fruit rather large, irregularly pyramidal, pale-yellow; flesh juicy, buttery, melting, sweet, rich, vinous; mid-season.

Copia. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:455. 1855. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 571. 1857. 3. Ibid. 729. 1869.

Originated about the middle of last century at Philadelphia. Fruit large, yellow, with specks of russet, broad-turbinate; flesh sugary, rather coarse, somewhat resembling the Beurré Diel in flavor; good; Sept. and Oct.

Cornélie Daras. 1. Guide Prat. 89. 1895.

Distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, globular, lemon-yellow; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sugary and well perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

Cornemuse. 1. Gard. Chron. 335. 1862. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:602, fig. 1867.

This is one of the most ancient French pears and was cultivated in 1628 at Orléans, Le Lectier tells, under the name Chair de Fille but a little later under that of Cornemuse, it being described by Claude Saint-Etienne in 1670. Fruit below medium, long, somewhat gourd-shaped, narrow and undulating towards the stem, golden-yellow, shining, speckled with gray dots on the shaded side and with dull yellow on side exposed, and also extensively washed with carmine on the same side; flesh yellowish-white, fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary and aromatic; first; July.

Cornewell. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 59. 1858. 2. Mag. Hort. 26:64. 1860.

A variety of unknown origin which about 1830-5 was disseminated by the “Vermont grafters” who travelled the country setting grafts for those who desired. Fruit medium, globular, greenish-yellow, much russeted, and with many dark and purple specks; flesh yellowish-white, tender, melting, juicy, vinous, spicy and rather astringent; good; Sept.

Coter. 1. Mag. Hort. 12:149. 1846. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 729. 1869.

One of Van Mons’ seedlings. Fruit medium, varying from obtuse to acute-pyriform, light green or yellowish with russet dots and patches; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, vinous; good; Oct. to Dec.

Coule-Soif de Cerutti. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:15, fig. 296. 1880.

Origin unknown but was named after a druggist named Cerutti of Camburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Ger., who propagated it in the environs of that village. Fruit medium, turbinate, very bright green, speckled with dots of bright brown, changing to yellow on ripening; flesh whitish, a little transparent, coarse, semi-melting; juice very plentiful, sugary, refreshing; good; Sept.

Courte-queue d’Automne. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:603, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 91. 1876.

Raised by Leroy in his nurseries at Angers, it bore its first fruit in 1863. Fruit medium, globular, irregular, one side usually less swelled than the other, bright green, dotted with brown, much stained with russet and blushed with tender rose on the exposed side; flesh white, very fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, sugary, having a delicate scent and a most agreeable tartish flavor; first; Oct.

Courte-queue d’Hiver. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 260. 1876. 2. Ibid. 66. 1895.

Obtained by Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr. Fruit large, gray; flesh fine, very melting, sugary and perfumed, slightly musky; Mar. to May.

Cousin Blanc. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:133, fig. 355. 1880.

Of Flemish origin. Cataloged by M. Jahn, 1864. Fruit medium, globular-conic, very pale green, sprinkled with very fine points of fawn; flesh white, slightly tinted with yellow, semi-fine and melting, fairly full of richly saccharine juice having a fresh and pleasant flavor of almond.

Couteau. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629.

Mentioned by John Parkinson in 1629 in a list of pears grown in England at that time as a pear that is “neither good one way nor other.”

Craig. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 177, fig. 1885-86.

Early Butter of Indiana. 2. Hooper W. Fr. Book 154. 1857.

One of several seedling pear trees brought from Vincennes, Ind., by John Wright and planted at Vevay, Ind., in 1804. Fruit very small, globular-acute-pyriform, pale lemon-yellow, with faint indication of blush and many minute, russet dots; flesh white, juicy, rather firm, pleasant; fair, becomes mealy when fully ripe; June.

Craig Favourite. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 554. 1884. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 199. 1889.

A valuable autumn dessert pear in Scotland; raised in the neighborhood of Perth, for which climate it is admirably adapted. Fruit medium, obovate-turbinate, yellowish-green in the shade, almost entirely covered with thin russet which is again covered with dots and patches of coarser russet and next the sun dull red, streaked with livelier red, mottled with orange and thickly strewed with large, gray-russety dots; flesh white, semi-buttery, juicy, sugary, perfumed; dessert; Sept.

Crassane. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:166, Pl. XXII. 1768. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 728. 1869.

Bergamotte Crassane. 3. Ann. Pom. Belge 2:61, fig. 1854. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:231, fig. 1867.

An ancient pear of obscure origin. In the middle of the seventeenth century it was introduced for cultivation in France by La Quintinye, gardener to King Louis XIV. It appears to have derived its name from the Latin word crassus which signifies thick. Some authorities have suggested it was named after the celebrated Roman Consul Marcus Lucinius Crassus who, with Julius Caesar and Pompey, formed the first triumvirate, and who died 53 B.C. The balance of authority is in favor of its having had a French origin. By Belgian and some French and German writers it is known as the Bergamotte Crassane. Fruit medium and above, globular, bossed, flattened at extremities, bright greenish-yellow, veined and dotted with fawn; flesh buttery, melting, tender, of a rich sugary flavor and perfume; a dessert pear of formerly high reputation but rather superseded; Oct. to Dec.

Crassane Libotton. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:13, fig. 7. 1872.

According to the catalog of Van Mons this is a gain of a M. Libotton and is probably Belgian. Fruit small, almost a globe, depressed at both poles; skin thick, intense green, dotted with black spots, sometimes blushed on ripening; flesh white, semi-fine and melting, sweet, vinous, agreeably perfumed; suitable for large orchards; Sept. and Oct.

Crassane du Mortier. 1. Guide Prat. 77. 1895.

Obtained by B. C. Mortier in France. Fruit rather large, turbinate, yellow marked with green; flesh very melting and juicy; first; Nov.

Crawford. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 335. 1845. 2. Ibid. 729. 1869. 3. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 139. 1908.

Chalk. 4. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 163. 1920.

This tree, probably of Scotch origin, grows to a large size in the orchards of Kent, Eng., and is often planted on the windy sides of plantations as a protection to other trees. Tree stout, remarkably productive. Fruit below medium, obovate, pale green, with faintest red blush; stem stout, medium short, fleshy; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh nearly white, mealy, sweet, juicy; flavor nil; Aug.

Crede Kegelförmige Zuckerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:48. 1856.

A German variety cultivated in Hesse and Franconia in 1828. Fruit medium, conic, covered with cinnamon-russet, somewhat blushed; flesh granular, sweet, with an agreeable cinnamon flavor; good; Sept.

Crede Sommerrusselet. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:47. 1856.

Reported from Upper Hesse, Ger., in 1833. Fruit small, pyriform, light yellow, blushed with light red; flesh soft, aromatic; very fruitful, excellent; Sept.

Crisco. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 288. 1893.

A seedling of Seckel raised in North Carolina by Robert Crisco. Fruit roundish, below medium in size, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with russet; dots numerous; calyx small, closed, in a moderately deep basin; stem medium, stout, fleshy at base; cavity small; flesh greenish-white, fine, juicy, mild subacid, almost sweet; good to very good.

Črnivka. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 10, fig. 1913.

A Russian wild pear. Fruit small, globular, rather acute toward stalk, yellowish-green, with some brown-russet; flesh white, agreeable; a good wild pear; Sept.

Crocker. 1. U. S. D. A. Yearbook, 497, Pl. LX. 1905.

Originated in an orchard planted by gold miners near Loomis, Cal., about 1850 and known locally as Crocker Bartlett. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, somewhat angular, golden-yellow, netted and russeted; stem medium to long, slender, obliquely inserted; calyx small, closed, in a deep, abrupt basin; flesh yellowish, buttery, juicy, mild subacid to sweet; very good; Jan. to Mar.

Croft Castle. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:60. 1842. 2. Ibid. 13:154. 1847. 3. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 121, fig. 157. 1866-73.

Raised by T. A. Knight, former President of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, globular at the stalk end, greenish-yellow, covered with large, brown dots and russet markings; flesh whitish, a little gritty but melting, juicy, rich, sugary, and perfumed; an excellent dessert pear; Oct.

Cross. 1. Mag. Hort. 7:132, fig. 8. 1841. 2. Ibid. 20:138. 1854.

Originated with a Mr. Cross, Newburyport, Mass. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, smooth, deep yellow, red on the sunny side, covered with russet dots, patches of russet around the eye; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, of a rich, spicy flavor; a handsome and excellent fruit; Dec.

Crouch. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 730. 1869.

Originated at Colchester, Conn. Fruit below medium, globular, inclining to oblate, pale yellow, netted and patched with russet, many russet dots; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

Crow. 1. John S. Kerr Cal. 11. 1898.

Described by John S. Kerr, Sherman, Tex., as new in his catalog of 1898. Fruit said to be like Bartlett in shape and color; finest flavor; Sept.

Cullem. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:165, fig. 275. 1879.

From Van Mons. Fruit medium, pyriform-ovate, tender, green, dotted with fine specks of brown-fawn passing to pale whitish-yellow on ripening, with the cheek exposed to the sun blushed with red and golden hues; flesh yellowish-white, rather transparent, firm and yet melting; abundant juice with flavor recalling that of the old White Doyenné; good in quality, but a poor bearer; Oct. and Nov.

Cumberland. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 168. 1832. 2. Mag. Hort. 26:508. 1860. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:608, figs. 1867. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 730. 1869.

Alexandre Bivort and M. de Jonghe declared that this variety was one of Van Mons’ seedlings while Downing, Kenrick and Manning affirmed it to be a native of Cumberland, R. I. The conflicting opinion is explained by the fact that the Cumberland of the first parties is really Henkel. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform, pale yellow on the shaded side and greenish-yellow on the side of the sun, dotted with gray-russet and having some russet patches; flesh white, semi-fine, dense, melting, very juicy, sugary, acidulous, rather pleasantly flavored, slightly perfumed; second; Sept.

Curé d’Oleghem. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:613, fig. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:171, fig. 278. 1879.

Probably of Belgian origin, having been described by Bivort in 1852 and placed in the General List of fruits cultivated in the garden of the Society of Van Mons in 1857. Fruit small, globular, bossed, larger on one side than on the other, greenish-yellow, dotted all over with russet and extensively washed with the same around the stem; flesh white, fine, melting, gritty at center; juice scanty, little sugar, no perfume, very acid; third; Oct.

Cushing. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 1:144. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 730. 1869.

A native pear which originated on the farm of Col. Washington Cushing, Hingham, Mass. It was introduced to notice at the first annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1829. Fruit medium, somewhat variable according to cultivation and soil, obovate-obtuse, light greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed with dull red on the sunny side and sprinkled all over with russety dots; flesh fine, white, melting, juicy, agreeably sprightly, rich; very good, among the best autumn pears; Sept.

Czernowes. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:17, fig. 489. 1881.

Of unknown origin. Fruit medium, turbinate-obovate or pyriform-obovate, often bossed; when ripe is a brilliant lemon-yellow, with some dots except on the side of the sun which is tinged with light orange-red; flesh white, fine, buttery, melting, with abundant sugary juice, slightly musky, agreeable; first; Sept.

D’Amboise. 1. Decaisne & Naudin Man. Amat. Jard. 4:464.

Fruit medium, oblate or turbinate, greenish-yellow, washed with very bright red, marked with brown around the stem; flesh very white, sweet, without scent.

D’Arad. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:187, fig. 382. 1880.

A Hungarian variety; probably originated in the County of Arad in the west of Transylvania. Fruit medium, an almost perfect ellipsoid; skin rather thick, water-green, often nearly covered with brown-russet; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, buttery, melting, full of richly saccharine juice, vinous and perfumed; good; Sept.

D’Auch. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 397. 1831. 2. Decaisne & Naudin Man. Amat. Jard. 4:473.

This pear greatly resembles Colmar in almost every respect and has often been confused with it. It is, however, more full next the stalk and arrives at maturity somewhat later and its flesh has a higher flavor. D’Auch was introduced into England before 1817 by the Duke of Northumberland. Fruit very large, long, bossed, irregular, obtuse; skin a lively yellow washed with orange-red; flesh breaking, sweet; not high in quality.

D’Œuf. 1. Duhamel Trait Arb. Fr. 2:157. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:470, fig. 1869. 3. Guide Prat. 55, 256. 1895.

A Swiss pear largely grown in the neighborhood of Basle. The botanist Valerius Cordus described it in 1561. Fruit small, oval, greenish-yellow, strewed with gray-russet dots, more or less tinged with red on the side of the sun; flesh white and semi-fine, semi-breaking or melting, rich, sugary, musky; juice abundant; second; Aug.

Daimyo. 1. W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 129. 1888. 2. Guide Prat. 105. 1895.

A Japanese variety. Fruit medium, roundish-pyriform, clear yellow with minute pale or brownish dots; stem long, curved, slender, set in a slight depression; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh white, coarse, crisp; poor; Oct. and Nov.

Dallas. 1. Mag. Hort. 11:252. 1845. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 730. 1869.

In 1843 this, one of Governor Edwards’ seedlings raised at New Haven, Conn., was exhibited to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, dull yellow, thickly interlaced with cinnamon-russet sprinkled with crimson and russet dots; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, buttery, juicy, aromatic; good; Oct. to Dec.

Dame. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:1, fig. 1869. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 200. 1869.

For two and a half centuries this variety has been known in the Department of Maine-et-Loire under the name of Dame, though in one district it bore the name of des Buhards. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, mammillate around calyx; skin rough, grass-green, dotted with fawn at each end and sprinkled with gray specks; flesh whitish, semi-fine, tender, semi-melting, gritty; juice sufficient, sweet, acidulous, rather well flavored; third; Sept.

Dame-verte. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:3, fig. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:139, fig. 70. 1872.

Attributed to Van Mons about the beginning of the nineteenth century. Fruit above medium, obtuse-conic, skin thick, yellowish-olive, sprinkled with green dots changing to bright yellow and on the side of the sun occasionally touched with crimson; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, semi-melting, rather gritty at the center, with plenty of sweet juice, acid but rather savory; second; Aug.

Darimont. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 369. 1831. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:200. 1832.

A Flemish pear new in the early part of the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, oblong, tapering somewhat toward the stalk, yellowish-gray-russet, sprinkled with numerous scabrous specks; flesh white, gritty, melting, with a saccharine, slightly musky and somewhat astringent juice; Sept. and Oct.

Darlington. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 731. 1869.

An American variety; origin unknown. Fruit large, oblate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, some crimson at times on the side of the sun, nettings and patches of russet and russet dots; flesh whitish, coarse, sweet; moderate quality; rots at core; Sept.

Dathis. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:4, fig. 1869.

Origin not clear, but it was cultivated in France before the middle of the last century. Fruit large, turbinate and very swelled, one side being often more so than the other, bright yellow passing to grayish-yellow on the cheek touched by the sun, dotted with green; flesh whitish, semi-fine, half-breaking, gritty at center; juice deficient, sugary; second; Oct.

David. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1876.

Fruit rather coarse, of handsome pyramidal form, yellowish-green washed with purple; flesh breaking; first quality for cooking purposes; Apr. and May.

David d’Angers. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:6, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by André Leroy in 1865. Fruit medium to large, turbinate-obtuse, rather pentagonal, mammillate at calyx, bright yellow, finely dotted with fawn; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, savory, pleasantly perfumed; first; Feb. to Apr.

Davis. 1. Mag. Hort. 23:107 1857. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 731. 1869.

A seedless native pear found about 1837 by a Mr. Davis, six miles from Philadelphia, on the Westchester Road. Fruit small; variable in form, sometimes globular, usually obtuse-pyriform, yellowish, much russeted; flesh buttery, aromatic, melting, sweet, rather coarse, somewhat vinous; good; Oct.

De Cerciaux. 1. Baltet Cult. Fr. 373. 1908.

A variety good for perry and for drying. The juice is amber-colored, perfumed and of an agreeable flavor; Oct. and Nov.

De Chasseur. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:89, fig. 141. 1878.

A seedling of Van Mons which produced fruit in 1842. Fruit medium, pyriform-ovate, slightly obtuse; skin rather thick and tough, pale green, sprinkled with gray-brown dots, becoming at maturity bright yellow, a good deal shaded with brown-russet; flesh white, slightly tinged with green, semi-fine, melting; juice plentiful, sweet, pleasantly perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.

De Croixmare. 1. Baltet Cult. Fr. 372. 1908.

A good perry pear cultivated in France. Fruit small, very good, especially for the manufacture of alcohol; has little tannin. The juice is colorless; Sept. and Oct.

De Duvergnies. 1. Gard. Chron. 463. 1863. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:119, fig. 1869.

Köstliche Van Mons. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:124. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons; fruited in 1821. Downing describes this pear under the name Delices Van Mons and gives as a synonym Delices de Mons, but since these names are also synonyms of Viconte de Spoelberg, a very different variety, the name originally given by Van Mons is to be preferred. Fruit medium and often larger, obtuse, long-ovate, regular and bold in contour; surface uneven, slightly constricted near the top, and slightly mammillate; skin thin, rough to the touch, lemon-yellow, dotted all over with greenish-gray, generally vermilioned on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting, granular around the core; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, sourish, with a peculiar and delicious aroma; first; Oct.

De Fer. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:152, fig. 1869.

According to Leroy this pear is at least four centuries old and originated in Germany, where Cordus described it about 1544 under the name of Pear of Os. Fruit above medium and often large; form variable, at times prolonged like Calebasse, more generally turbinate-ovate or turbinate-globular; stem obliquely planted; skin slightly wrinkled, bright yellowish-green, more or less vermilioned on the side next the sun, covered with large, gray dots and some streaks of brown-russet; flesh very white, semi-fine, hard and breaking, lacking in juice, sweetish, deficient in perfume; third; Jan. to Mar. or Apr.

De Fosse. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:191, fig. 1869.

A very ancient French variety mentioned by Le Lectier in his catalog of 1628. Fruit below medium and often small, globular-turbinate, clear yellow dotted and netted with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, firm, semi-breaking, scented; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous; very musky; second or third; Aug. and Sept.

De Lamartine. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:325, fig. 1869.

Lamartine. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 797. 1869.

Raised by Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society of Van Mons and first reported in 1850. Fruit small, globular or turbinate, flattened, often irregular and bossed, olive-green, dotted and very much covered with russet; flesh white, coarse, melting, generally gritty around the core; juice sufficient, sweet, musky and delicate; second, or third when the flesh is excessively gritty; Nov.

De Louvain. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:363, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 734. 1869.

Raised by Von Mons in 1827 and published in 1834. Fruit above medium, obtuse-turbinate, clear grass-green or dull yellow, much covered with fine dots of gray-russet and stains of russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, with a delicate flavor and perfume of musk; second; Sept.

De Prêtre. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:190. 1768. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:131. 1843. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:550, fig. 1869.

A very old French pear just mentioned by the pomologist Le Lectier of Orléans and for a long while known under the names of Caillout, Caillolet and Caillot d’Hiver. Le Lectier cultivated it in 1600 and cataloged it in 1628. In 1858 Decaisne coupled with it the ancient name of Carmelite. Fruit below medium, spherical but sometimes a little elongated and narrowed toward the upper part; skin rather thick, clear brown-russet dotted all over on the side exposed to the sun with whitish points, but with ash-gray points on the other side; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, gritty at center; juice moderate in amount, saccharine, acidulous, more or less musky; second or third for dessert, first for compotes; Jan. to Mar.

De Rachinquin. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 170. 1832.

Produced by M. Noisette. Fruit round, compressed, rough, brown; flesh melting buttery, sugary, highly flavored; Nov. and Dec.

Delcange. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1876.

Fruit large; flesh melting; first quality; Sept.

Délices de la Cacaudière. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:9, fig. 1869.

Gained by Count Eugène des Nouhes in 1846 near Pouzauges, Vendée, Fr. Fruit above medium, long-conic, slightly obtuse, mammillate at crown and irregular in contour, bright yellow, dotted with gray and greenish specks, colored with carmine on the cheek next the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary, aromatic, rather savory; second; July and Aug.

Délices de Charles. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:10, fig. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 74, 262. 1876.

Wredow. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 886. 1869.

Raised in 1826 by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, turbinate-pyriform but inconstant in contour, dark lemon-yellow, dotted with russet; flesh white, fine, very melting, buttery, sweet, juicy, vinous and with a delicious tartness; good to very good; Oct. to Dec.

Délices de Chaumont. 1. Guide Prat. 72. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:133, fig. 547. 1881.

Fruit rather large, conic-ovate, olive spotted with gray; flesh white, buttery, melting, wanting in juice, very sweet; second, cooking.

Délices Everard. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 558. 1884.

Raised by Gabriel Everard, Tournay, Fr., in 1840. It was sent to England in 1865 and received a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1875. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, smooth, shining, bright yellow, much speckled and marked with russet; flesh salmon tint, tender, buttery, melting, very juicy, sweet, delicious flavor and fine perfume; Oct. to Feb.

Délices de Froyennes. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 558. 1884.

Raised by Isidore Degaud, Froyennes, Tournay, Fr. Fruit medium, oval, yellow covered with fawn-colored russet; flesh tender, melting, very juicy, sugary and perfumed, vinous; Oct. and Nov.

Délices d’Hardenpont. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 99. 1825. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 558. 1884.

Raised by Abbe Hardenpont, Mons, Bel., in 1759. There has been much confusion between this and Délices d’Hardenpont d’Angers and the Archiduc Charles and Charles of Austria. Fruit large, oblong-obovate-obtuse; skin smooth, bright green changing to yellow, with pale brown-russet dots; flesh white, tender, buttery, melting, rich, sweet, perfumed; good; Nov.

Délices d’Hiver. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:61, fig. 415. 1880. 2. Gard. Chron. N. S. 26:210. 1886.

Distributed by M. Dauvesse, Orléans, Fr., early in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Fruit large; form variable from elongate-pyriform to globular-pyriform with short stalk set obliquely; skin thick, green, heavily dotted; flesh moderately fine, full of sugary juice, acid and delicately perfumed; Dec. to Jan.

Délices de Huy. 1. Guide Prat. 56, 251. 1895.

Fruit large, conic-pyriform, yellowish-green; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, pleasantly perfumed; first; Sept.

Délices de Jodoigne. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:15, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 559. 1884.

Obtained by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1826. Fruit medium, pyriform, irregular, slightly obtuse and larger on one side of the axis than the other, grass-green on the shaded side and reddish-gray on the exposed face, covered with numerous very fine dots of fawn; flesh white, firm, breaking, sweet, juicy, refreshing and aromatic; first; Oct.

Délices de Ligaudières. 1. Guide Prat. 60. 1895.

Fruit medium, of the style of White Doyenné, but the stem thicker and shorter; flesh fine, melting; first; Oct.

Délices de Lovenjoul. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:65, fig. 1858. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 734. 1869.

Jules Bivort. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:15, fig. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons in whose catalog of 1828 it is No. 521. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow washed with orange-red, speckled all over with russet dots; color variable; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, semi-buttery; juice abundant, sugary, with an acid flavor and delicious perfume, rich; first; Oct. and Nov.

Délices de la Meuse. 1. Field Pear Cult. 279. 1858. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:16, fig. 1869.

Laurent de Bavay, Director of the Royal Nurseries of Vilvorde, near Brussels, sent this pear out in 1850. Fruit medium and above, ovate, irregular, bossed, more enlarged on one side than the other, greenish-yellow, very finely speckled with green and brown dots; flesh dirty white, coarse, breaking, gritty at center; juice variable in amount, moderately sweet, acid, musky; second; Feb.

Délices de Naghin. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1895.

Fruit rather large, turbinate, yellow, washed with fawn; flesh very juicy, very sweet; an exquisite pear; Nov.

Délices de Saint-Médard. 1. Guide Prat. 70. 1895.

Sent out from Belgium. Fruit medium or rather large, shining yellow touched with russet; flesh fine, melting, sweet; good quality; Sept.

Délices de Tirlemont. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1895.

First placed in commerce by H. Millet, nurseryman at Tirlemont, Bel. Fruit medium or large; flesh melting; first; Jan. to Mar.

Délicieuse de Grammont. 1. Guide Prat. 92. 1876.

Raised by M. de la Croix d’Ogimont, Tournai, Bel. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, delicate yellowish-green; flesh white, very juicy; first; end of Aug.

Délicieuse de Swijan. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1895.

Distributed by Baron de Trauttenberg, Prague, Bohemia. Tree very fertile and suitable for cold and mountainous climates. Fruit medium, globular, yellowish-green, dotted; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, sugary; very good; Nov. and Dec.

Délisse. 1. Guide Prat. 72. 1895.

Fruit medium, oblong, of even contour, much covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, melting, very juicy; good; Sept. and Oct.

Delpierre. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:17, fig. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 70, 252. 1895.

A wilding found in the Canton of Jodoigne, Brabant, Bel. Fruit large, ovate-obtuse-pyriform, wrinkled, thick, olive-green clouded with dark yellow; flesh greenish-white, coarse, semi-melting; juice acid, rather sweet, vinous, abundant; second; Sept.

Delporte Bourgmestre. 1. Guide Prat. 90. 1895.

Fruit rather large, yellowish; first; Mar. and Apr.

Democrat. 1. Mag. Hort. 25:69. 1859. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 734. 1869.

A seedling originated in Pennsylvania and introduced as new in 1859. Fruit medium or below, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow with nettings and patches of russet and dotted with russet and brown spots; flesh semi-melting, juicy, sweet, pleasant good; Sept.

Demorest. 1. Wash. Nurs. Cat. 5. 1921.

Reported as “luscious, larger, later and a better keeper than Bartlett.”

Dempsey. 1. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 155. 1914.

A Canadian pear produced from a seed of Bartlett fertilized with Duchesse d’Angoulême. fruit large, oblong-obovate-pyriform, smooth, yellowish-green with brownish-red cheek in sun; flesh white, fine-grained, tender, almost melting, with sweet, delicious flavor; Oct. and Nov.

Denis Dauvesse. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876.

Fruit medium to large, long-pyriform; flesh fine, melting, pleasantly perfumed; Sept.

Des Chartreux. 1. Mas Le Verger 2:171, fig. 84. 1866-73.

Origin uncertain. Fruit small or nearly medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, light green, speckled with dots of a very deep green, washed with light red on the sunny side; flesh slightly yellow, fine, more firm than breaking; juice sugary, acidulous, slightly perfumed; second; Aug.

Des Deux Sœurs. 1. Gard. Chron. 463. 1863.

The original tree was found in the garden of the Misses Knopp of Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium, oblong, lemon-yellow; flesh melting, juicy, sugary, slightly astringent but wanting in perfume and flavor; grown both in Belgium and France; not first class.

Désiré Cornélis. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:18, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 560. 1884.

The parent tree was from seed sown by Van Mons; first bore fruit in 1847. Fruit large, oblong-oval, obtuse; skin very fine, pale yellow and often orange-yellow, dotted and netted with greenish-gray; flesh very tender, buttery, melting; juice plentiful, sugary, deliciously perfumed; first; Sept.

Dessauer Weissbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:35. 1856.

North German, 1804. Fruit medium, smooth, pale greenish-yellow changing to citron yellow, sometimes rather lightly blushed; flesh fine, somewhat soft, sweet, aromatic; good; Aug.

Deutsche Augustbirne. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 202. 1889.

D’Aout Allemande. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:65, fig. 513. 1881.

A German variety much cultivated in Saxony. Fruit small, ovate; skin rather thick, dull green, sprinkled with small and numerous gray dots, becomes yellow on ripening and somewhat blushed in the sun; flesh green and veined with green, semi-fine, buttery; juice sufficient, sugary, vinous, acid, pleasant; good; Aug.

Deutsche Glasbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:69. 1856.

German, 1811. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, bent toward stalk, uniformly light yellow, blushed with russety-red on the side of the sun; flesh sweet; good; Sept.

Deutsche Kümmelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:157. 1856.

German, 1802. Fruit small, globular, dirty yellow, washed with russet; flesh very tender, sweet, strongly aromatic and perfumed; good; Sept.

Deutsche Muskateller. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 106. 1825. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 202. 1889.

Muscat Allemand d’Hiver. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:439, fig. 1869.

German Muscat. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 772. 1869.

An old pear of uncertain origin. La Quintinye mentioned it without description in 1690, but in 1768 Duhamel du Monceau gave a careful description to distinguish between it and Royale d’Hiver which it somewhat resembles. Fruit medium or above, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, speckled with numerous large, gray dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, semi-melting, juicy, granular, sweet, slightly astringent; second; Mar. to May.

Deux Têtes. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:244. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:23, fig. 1869.

Zwibotzenbirne. 3. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 162. 1825. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 303. 1889.

One of the most ancient pears cultivated in France. Charles Estienne described it in 1530 in his Seminarium, under the name Pyra Bicipitia or Poirè a Deux-Testes. It takes its name from its large and oval calyx being placed on two prominences. Fruit small to medium, globular, somewhat turbinate, pale yellowish-green in the shade, blushed on the side next the sun; flesh white, coarse, breaking, juicy, slightly perfumed, but often having an unpleasant acidity; an indifferent dessert fruit; Aug.

Devergnies. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:57, fig. 1858. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:24, fig. 1869.

Obtained from seed in 1817 in Hainaut by M. Devergnies of Mons. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, much corrugated at summit, olive-green, nearly covered with gray-russet and slightly clouded with orange-red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, buttery; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary, aromatic; second; Nov. and Dec.

Dewey. 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 55. 1898. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:480, fig. 160. 1913.

An oriental pear, in form resembling Kieffer. Fruit medium, conical to globular-oval, rusty green with faint blush; skin rough; flesh white, juicy, coarse, gritty, fibrous; quality poor; Oct.

Dhommée. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:25, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised by the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr.; it first bore fruit in 1858. Fruit medium and often larger, long-ovate, bossed, one side always larger than the other, bright green, finely dotted and much mottled with russet; flesh white, firm, fine, melting, slightly gritty; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, devoid of perfume; second; Oct. to Dec.

Dickerman. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 376. 1859. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 736. 1869.

Dikeman. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 700. 1897.

Obtained by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, often irregular in outline, yellowish, bright cinnamon on the sunny side, covered with minute dots; flesh white, fine, melting, sugary, perfumed; first; Sept.

Diego. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629.

Described by John Parkinson in 1629 as a small pear growing in clusters, excellent, and musky in flavor.

Dienstbotenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:200. 1856.

Dutch, 1807. Fruit medium, pyriform, light greenish-yellow turning to bright yellow, with only an indistinct red blush, if any; flesh granular, aromatic and sweet; good; Oct.

Dieudonné Anthoine. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:85, fig. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:26, fig. 1869.

Obtained by Dieudonné Anthoine at Ecaussines-d’Enghien, Bel., and bore fruit at Brussels in 1850. Fruit medium and above, globular, slightly turbinate, bossed, flattened at both ends, greenish-yellow, dotted with brown, mottled with russet, becoming at maturity a brilliant yellow, washed with vermilion on the side of the sun; flesh very white and very fine, breaking; juice sufficient, sweet, often astringent and only slightly perfumed; second; Oct.

Diller. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 36. 1852. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 736. 1869.

This pear was approved at the American Pomological Congress in 1852, where it was reported to have been imported from Germany by the Diller family many years previously, but considered by others to be a native of Pennsylvania. Fruit below medium, globular-ovate, cinnamon-russet; flesh somewhat granular, whitish, buttery, melting; juicy with a fine aromatic flavor; good to very good; Aug. and Sept.

Diman. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., submitted this among other seedlings to the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1866. Fruit 2½ in. in diameter, russet, with red cheek; flesh breaking, melting, very sweet and juicy; ripens soundly; all Oct. This pear has improved, year by year, in size and character; first-rate.

Directeur Alphand. 1. Gard. Chron. N. S. 17:538. 1882. 2. Guide Prat. 54. 1895.

Sent out in 1880 by Messrs. Croux and Son, Chatenay, Seine, Fr. Fruit very large, oblong-pyriform, yellowish-green passing into golden-green, dotted and splashed with red; flesh white, semi-fine, generally gritty toward the center, sugary; very good for ornament and stewing; Feb. and Mar.

Directeur Hardy. 1. Rev. Hort. 542. 1894. 2. Ibid. 500, fig. 153. 1894.

From the seed beds of M. Tourasse and promoted by M. Baltet of Troyes, Fr. It was submitted to the Tasting Committee of the Pomological Society of France in 1894 and declared to be very good. Fruit large or medium, turbinate, elongated, obtuse, slightly bent, golden-yellow, washed with red on the exposed side; flesh white, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, slightly perfumed; Sept.

Directeur Tisserand. 1. Rev. Hort. 7. 1900.

Obtained by M. A. Sannier, Rouen, from Beurré d’Hardenpont fertilized with Doyenné du Comice; introduced in 1900. Fruit medium or rather large, ovate-turbinate; skin fine, shining, colored in the sun; flesh white, melting, juicy, sugary, having a peculiar flavor; good; Dec. and Jan.

Directeur Varenne. 1. Rev. Hort. 6. 1897.

A cross between Easter Beurré and Bergamote Espéren, introduced by M. Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit large to very large, approaching Easter Beurré in form and color; stem short; flesh very fine, juicy, with a slight aroma.

Dirkjes Peer. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:25, fig. 13. 1872. 2. Guide Prat. 92. 1876.

Dutch. Fruit medium, globular-conic, lemon-yellow streaked with brownish-red; flesh whitish, semi-breaking, agreeably acid and sugary; second; good for household use; Aug.

Dix. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 1:142. 1831. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 737, fig. 1869.

Originated in the garden of Madame Dix, Boston, Mass.; it bore first in 1826. Fruit large, oblong or long-pyriform; skin rough, green, the exposed fruit becoming deep yellow when ripe, marked with distinct russet dots and sprinkled with russet around the stalk; flesh melting, rich, juicy, of a fine flavor and by some thought to be superior to the St. Germain; very good to best; Oct. and Nov.

Dixie. 1. Griffing Bros. Cat. 19, fig. 1915.

Originated in southern Georgia as a chance seedling, possibly a cross between Le Conte and the Sand Pear; and was introduced in 1914 by Griffing Brothers of Florida. Fruit medium to above, roundish, slightly oblong, light green, sweet, sprightly; Aug.

Doat. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:29, fig. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:19, fig. 202. 1879.

The parent tree was noticed by M. Doat in his garden near Fleurance, Gers, Fr. Fruit large, like Calebasse in form; skin rough to the touch, bright yellow dotted with fawn; flesh yellowish-white or greenish, semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice abundant, vinous, sugary, rather aromatic; second; Sept.

Docteur Andry. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:31, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 561. 1884.

Raised in the nurseries of M. Boisbunel, Jr., at Rouen, Fr., in 1849. Fruit medium, globular, Bergamot-shaped, bright yellow all over, with dots of russet around the stalk, and sprinkled with small brown specks; flesh very white, fine, melting, somewhat gritty at center, juicy, sugary, with a delicate taste of musk; first; Nov.

Docteur Bénit. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:31, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by Van Mons in 1840. Fruit below medium, globular, larger on one side than the other, wrinkled, bronzed all over, dotted with bright grayish-green; flesh whitish, dense, semi-melting, veined with greenish-yellow; juice sufficient, rather sugary, vinous, slightly aromatic; third; Dec. and Jan.

Docteur Bourgeois. 1. Guide Prat. 62. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium, apple-shaped, lemon-yellow; flesh fine, somewhat granular at center, juicy, with agreeable perfume.

Docteur Bouvier. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:33, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 738. 1869.

An excellent French pear suitable for a mild climate. Fruit medium, globular-obovate-pyriform, greenish, more yellow at maturity, sprinkled, shaded and dotted with russet, sometimes with slight crimson and fawn on exposed cheek; flesh rather coarse, melting, juicy, vinous, having but little perfume; good to very good; Dec. to Mar.

Docteur Capron. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:34, fig. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 62, 255. 1895.

Obtained by Van Mons in 1842. Fruit medium or rather large, ovate, lemon-yellow; flesh melting, yellow, buttery, sugary, juicy, of good flavor and scented with almond; first; Nov.

Docteur Chaineau. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

Fruit rather large; flesh melting; first; Oct.

Docteur Delatosse. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

Fruit exquisite; Oct. and Nov. Resisted the severe frost of 1879-80.

Docteur Gromier. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876.

First published in 1873. Fruit medium; flesh very fine, buttery, melting, juicy, with an aroma of mingled rose and musk; first; Oct.

Docteur Joubert. 1. Rev. Hort. 561. 1893.

Baltet Brothers, Troyes, Fr., introduced this pear in 1893. Fruit rather large, pyriform, clear green passing to pale yellow, dotted with fawn, rosy on the side of the sun; flesh melting; juice abundant, with a sugary taste and having a pleasant perfume; autumn.

Docteur Koch. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:36, fig. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:7, fig. 196. 1879.

Raised from seed by André Leroy in 1864. Fruit above medium, ovate, bossed, irregular, lemon-yellow, finely dotted and reticulated with russet, lightly washed with reddish-brown on the side exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, fine, firm, melting, rather gritty about the core, full of sugary juice, acid and pleasantly perfumed; first; Sept.

Docteur Lentier. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:37, fig. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 74, 256. 1895.

From seed sown in 1847 by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant. Fruit medium, ovate, somewhat elongated, smooth, greenish or lemon-yellow, splashed and dotted with cinnamon-russet; flesh whitish, fine-grained, tender, buttery, melting, juicy, exceedingly rich, sweet and perfumed; first, of the highest merit; Oct.

Docteur Lindley. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 40. 1871. 2. Guide Prat. 108. 1876.

Shown at the annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1871. Fruit above medium, broadly turbinate, yellow, tinged with red and slightly traced with russet; flesh white, buttery, sweet, highly flavored; very good; Nov.

Docteur Meniere. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:38, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by André Leroy, Angers, Fr.; fruited first in 1864. Fruit large, cylindrical, slightly ovate; skin wrinkled, bright yellow, dotted with greenish-gray and partly covered with russet markings; flesh whitish, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, slightly acid, agreeably-perfumed flavor; Sept.

Docteur Nélis. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:87, fig. 1856. 2. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 129, fig. 161. 1866-73.

Obtained by M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel.; first published in 1847. Fruit above medium or small, turbinate-obtuse, generally much more curved on one side than the other, clear dark lemon-yellow, thinly dotted with russet; flesh yellowish, fine-grained, very tender, melting, juicy and sweet, rather aromatic; second; Sept.

Docteur P. Bruzon. 1. Rev. Hort. 463. 1906.

Placed on the market as a new variety in 1906 by M. Bruant, Poitiers, Fr. Fruit very large, greenish-yellow, dotted and mottled with russet; flesh white, semi-fine but very juicy, very melting, sugary, pleasantly perfumed; good; Sept.

Docteur Pariset. 1. Guide Prat. 110. 1876.

Fruit large, nearly cylindrical, golden lemon-yellow; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, sugary and perfumed; first; Nov.

Docteur Pigeaux. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:40, fig. 1869. 2. Guide Prat. 92. 1876.

From a seed bed of Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., placed on the market in 1864. Fruit above medium and often rather large, globular-ovate, yellow tinged with rose; flesh fine, melting; good; Oct. to Dec.

Docteur Trousseau. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 5:89, fig. 1857. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 738. 1869.

One of the last of the seedlings of Van Mons; fruited in 1848. Fruit large, pyriform-obtuse, yellowish-green, dotted with bright fawn and stained with brown-russet around the stem; flesh white, buttery, melting, very juicy and aromatic; first; Nov.

Doctor Bachmann. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 190. 1867.

Produced at the Pomaria nurseries, South Carolina, from seed and reported to the American Pomological Society in 1867. Fruit medium, globular, green with dull red cheek; flesh juicy, vinous and refreshing.

Doctor Engelbrecht. 1. Lauche Deut. Pom. 11:No. 70, Pl. 70. 1882.

German. Fruit rather large, pyriform-elongated, nearly smooth, shining, green, clouded with greenish-yellow; flesh yellowish-white, fine, softish, melting, sweet, vinous, with an agreeable cinnamon flavor.

Doctor Hogg Bergamot. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 562. 1884.

Raised by T. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, Eng., from seed of Gansel Late Bergamot; received a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1878. Fruit produced in great clusters, small, size of Seckel, obovate, even in outline, grass-green, with a dull brownish cheek, changing to deep yellow and bright red cheek with an orange glow; flesh melting, remarkably sweet like honey, with a brisk acidulous flavor and perfume of lemon; one of the richest flavored pears; Sept.

Doctor Hoskins. 1. Rural N. Y. 44:201, 203, figs. 120, 121. 1885.

According to correspondence with J. T. Macomber of Adams, Vt., this variety is a seedling of Flemish Beauty. It is said to be medium to above in size, roundish-obtuse, pyriform, pale yellow, red on the sunny side and “very good” in quality.

Doctor Howe. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 2nd App. 146. 1876.

Originated in garden of Dr. John T. Howe, Birmingham, Conn., about 1890. Fruit medium, globular, inclining to pyriform, somewhat obtuse, greenish changing to light yellow, netted and patched with russet dots; flesh whitish, semi-fine, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, slightly-vinous flavor; promising in 1890; Oct.

Doctor Turner. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 210. 1862. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 740. 1869.

A pear of Connecticut origin. Tree of good growth, moderately spreading, rather an early and regular although not an over-abundant bearer; young wood a dark olive-brown. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, with blunt neck; skin pale yellow, sometimes with a slight blush and thickly sprinkled with green and brown dots, a few traces of russet; stalk long, curved, set in a slight depression by a ring or lip; calyx closed; basin rather small; flesh white, juicy, half melting, slightly vinous, somewhat astringent; good; Aug.

Dodge. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:480, fig. 161. 1913.

A hybrid-oriental variety. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, narrowing rapidly to the stem, greenish-yellow, profusely dotted; skin thin but tough, russeted near stem; flesh white, juicy, melting, tender, free from grit; fair; Oct.

Doktorsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:61. 1856.

German, from the Rhine country, 1833. Fruit large, pyriform, smooth, light-yellow without russet, slightly blushed on side next the sun; flesh agreeable, sweet; good; Oct.

Donatienne Bureau. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

On trial in 1895 at Simon Louis’s grounds at Metz, Lorraine. Fruit large, ovate-long, bright yellow stained with brown; flesh fine; first.

Dones. 1. Guide Prat. 92. 1876.

Fruit small; flesh melting, juicy; first; Sept. and Oct.

Donville. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:42, fig. 1869. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 204. 1889.

An old French pear mentioned first by Merlet in 1675. Fruit medium to large, pyriform-obtuse, bright yellow when ripe, washed with dark red on the side of the sun; flesh-yellowish, semi-fine or coarse, breaking; juice deficient, sweet, no perfume; first for kitchen use; Jan. to Apr.

Doppelttragende gelbe Muskatellerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:11. 1856.

Originated in Thuringia, Ger., 1803. Fruit medium, conic, symmetrical, light greenish-yellow; flesh breaking, soft, mild, tender, aromatic; good; Aug.

Dörell Herbst Muskateller. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:96. 1856. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:1, fig. 385. 1880.

Fruit nearly medium, ovate-pyriform, pale yellow sprinkled with very small, very numerous and regularly-spaced fawn dots usually free from any trace of russet; at maturity the yellow passes into clear lemon-yellow and on well-exposed fruits is washed with vermilion; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, dense, not juicy but sugary and perfumed; good for culinary purposes; winter.

Dorothée Nouvelle. 1. Guide Prat. 92. 1876.

Belgian; highly recommended. Fruit of first quality; Oct. Tree very fertile.

Dorothée Royale Nouvelle. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:39, fig. 500. 1881.

Fruit small, pyriform, green changing to pale yellow, some russet markings and speckled with grayish dots; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, sugary, delicious; good; Oct. and Nov.

Dorr. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 154. 1849. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 421. 1859.

Originated in New Hampshire. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, blushed with red; flesh rather coarse, deficient in juice, sweet, pleasant; cooking or eating; Aug.

Dorschbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 148, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, obtuse-turbinate, somewhat globular, green changing to yellow when ripe, dotted with yellow-brown and marked with cinnamon-russet, blushed on the sun-exposed side; flesh tough, light yellow, very astringent, subacid and very juicy; Oct.

Dosoris. 1. Horticulturist 22:88. 1867. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 100. 1869.

Found in a field at Glen Cove, L. I, about 1866. Fruit full medium, obtuse-pyriform, when ripe a beautiful yellow with two-thirds bright scarlet; flesh sweet, juicy, agreeable, though deficient in flavor; beginning of Aug.; good but not first quality.

Double d’Automne. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 49. 1831. 2. Mag. Hort. 9:131. 1843.

Fruit medium, Bergamot-shaped, entirely cinnamon-russet, through which a little green appears, with numerous small, gray specks; flesh white, breaking, rather gritty but mellow; juice saccharine. New in 1831 and considered promising but in 1843 was discarded by the London Horticultural Society.

Double-Fleur. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:177. 1768. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:123, fig. 254. 1879.

Double Blossom. 3. Langley Pomona 132. 1729. 4. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 412, 1831.

Of ancient and unknown origin. Mentioned by Nicholas de Bonnefonds in 1651 in his first edition of the Jardinier Francais, by Merlet in 1675 and Claude Saint-Etienne in 1660. Worth growing for ornament, its large, double flowers, with from twelve to fifteen petals, being very handsome. Fruit above medium, globular or globular-turbinate, generally enlarged on one side more than on the other, green but yellow when ripe, dark red or pale purple on the side of the sun; flesh greenish, semi-fine, quite crisp, juicy, sweet, rather sugary; excellent culinary pear; Feb. to May.

Double de Guerre. 1. Garden 56:426. 1899. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 167. 1920.

Introduced into England from Mechlin, Bel., about 1835. Tree hardy, productive. Fruit medium to above, pyriform, tapering to the stem, yellow-brown speckled with russet; stem short, stout, generally obliquely inserted; calyx open in a shallow basin; flesh yellow, firm, slightly acid; Dec. to Feb.

Double-Plouvier. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:47, fig. 1869.

Origin and age uncertain. Fruit above medium, long-ovate, more or less bossed, greenish, dotted all over with gray-russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, scented; juice moderate but sugary; first for the kitchen; Jan. to Mar.

Double Rousselet. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:21, fig. 1858. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:48, fig. 1869.

Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., about 1845. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, regular in contour; skin fine, tender, green but almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet; when ripe the russet becomes more golden and warmer in tint on the side next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, with abundant sugary juice, vinous, very agreeable; first; Oct.

Dow. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 92. 1858. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 377. 1859. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 741. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives, New Haven, Conn., in the middle of the nineteenth century. Fruit above medium, obovate, acutely pyriform, sometimes turbinate; skin rough, yellowish-green, with russet patches and dots; flesh white, buttery, juicy, melting, vinous flavored sometimes slightly astringent; good; Sept. and Oct.

Dowler. 1. Mag. Hort. 4:193. 1838.

Exhibited before the London Horticultural Society in 1838, under the name of Dowler’s seedling. A small winter pear, described as one of the best and a good keeper.

Downton. 1. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:455. 1855. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:50, fig. 1869.

Raised by T. A. Knight, Downton Castle, Eng., about 1840. Fruit medium or above, oval, somewhat irregular, greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow, a good deal russeted particularly on the side next the sun where it is completely covered and assumes a reddish-brown tinge; flesh whitish, not quite melting but tender, fine, free from grit, agreeably acidulous, sweet and juicy, with some taste of orange; first; Nov. and Dec.

Doyen Dillen. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:27, fig. 1853. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:51, fig. 1869.

From seed sown by Van Mons at Louvain in 1827. Fruit medium to large, pyriform-conic, yellow, much covered with dots and patches of russet; flesh white, buttery, melting, free from grit; juice rather abundant, sweet, rich and pleasantly perfumed; first; Nov.

Doyenné Bizet. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

Tree moderately vigorous, very fertile. Fruit large; good; Mar. to June.

Doyenné Blanc Long. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 1, 27, fig. 12. 1866-73. 2. Guide Prat. 74. 1895.

Origin unknown. Fruit medium, growing often in bunches, pyriform; skin thin, fine, bright green changing to brilliant yellow, golden on the side next the sun, with some bright red shading; flesh white, fine, melting, musky; first; Oct.

Doyenné Boisnard. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

Fruit rather large; first; Dec.

Doyenné Boisselot. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 205. 1889. 2. Garden 50:405. 1896.

A little-known pear, large in size, some of the fruit weighing a pound, Bergamot in form, maturing about Christmas.

Doyenné de Bordeaux. 1. Pom. Fr. 4:No. 150, Pl. 150. 1865. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:57, fig. 1869.

Origin unknown but cultivated in the environs of Bordeaux about 1820. Fruit large, globular, flattened at each end; skin thick, wrinkled and oily, golden-yellow sown with large dots of greenish-russet and marbled with the same, some orange-red on side next the sun; flesh very white, coarse, breaking, gritty at center; juice sufficient, sweet; third for dessert, first for compotes; Oct. to Dec.

Doyenné Bouyron. 1. Guide Prat. 91. 1895.

Distributed from Bordeaux, Fr. Fruit of the size, form and color of the Doyenné Gris; flesh fine, juicy, somewhat acid; Aug.

Doyenné du Cercle. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 742. 1869. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:59, fig. 1869.

A seedling obtained by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr.; first published in 1857. Fruit medium, turbinate-globular, varying to irregular-ovate, pale yellow covered with very fine gray dots and stained with fawn, often encrimsoned on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, very melting, scented; juice abundant, sweet, highly vinous, with a delicate, tartish flavor; first; Nov.

Doyenné à Cinq Pans. 1. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 25:132. 1899.

A cross effected in 1879 between Duchesse de Bordeaux and Easter Beurré by M. Herault. Fruit medium, rather globular, smooth, yellow, spotted and flecked with fawn; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sweet, with an aroma of Pelargoniums; Oct. and Nov.

Doyenné Defays. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 1, 73, fig. 35. 1866-73. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:62. 1869.

Doyenné d’Effay. 3. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:461. 1855.

Obtained by M. François-André Defays in the field of Saint Martin, near Angers, Fr. Fruit about medium, globular-obovate or Doyenné-shaped, bossed at the stalk end and generally larger and longer on one side, yellow, much covered with cinnamon-russet on the side next the sun; flesh tender, buttery, melting, very juicy, rich, sugary, vinous, with musky aroma; one of the best; Dec.

Doyenné Downing. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:63, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 566. 1884.

A wilding found in a garden near Angers, Fr., by François Desportes, the noted nurseryman, in 1851; it was named after A. J. Downing. Fruit medium, globular or ovate, mammillate, one side always larger than the other, pale yellow, dotted and marbled with russet; flesh very white, tender, semi-melting; juice sufficient, sweet, acidulous, with a pleasant flavor of anis; Sept.

Doyenné Flon Ainé. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:65, fig. 1869. 2. Rev. Hort. 133, 1894.

Obtained from seed by M. Flon, senior, of Angers, Fr., in 1859. Fruit large, globular, generally mammillate at summit, greenish-yellow and yellowish-brown on the side of the sun, marbled and dotted with brown; flesh white, fine, very melting, juicy, sugary, slightly tartish, with a pronounced flavor of roses; first; Nov. to Feb.

Doyenné Fradin. 1. Guide Prat. 93. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:33, fig. 401. 1880.

Regarded as a gain of M. Parigot of Poitiers. Fruit medium, globular, depressed at both extremities, water-green, dotted with brown, becoming citron-yellow on ripening; flesh whitish, fine, melting, gritty at core, full of sweet juice, vinous and richly perfumed.

Doyenné Georges Boucher. 1. Rev. Hort. 496, fig. 1906. 2. Ibid. 197. 1907.

Came from a seed bed of Doyenné du Comice made in 1884. Fruit large and very large, globular-turbinate, bossed at the extremities; skin rather thick, dark yellow, sprinkled with small dots and marbled with fawn, russeted and reddened on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, sugary; very good; Feb. to Apr.

Doyenné Goubault. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:66, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 566. 1884.

Raised by M. Goubault, Angers, Fr. Fruit above medium, obovate, inclining to pyriform, pale yellow with russet markings and dots; flesh melting, sugary, vinous and highly perfumed; rich and excellent; Jan.

Doyenné de la Grifferaye. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:68, fig. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:11, fig. 198. 1879.

Obtained by M. le Gris, Angers, Fr.; gave its first fruit in 1853. Fruit medium, turbinate-oblate, very obtuse and irregular, greenish-yellow, finely dotted with russet and brown, stained with fawn; flesh white, fine, buttery, melting, full of sweet and perfumed juice; first; Sept. and Oct.

Doyenné Gris. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:208, Pl. XLVII, fig. 1. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:69, fig. 1869.

Doyenné Gray. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 745. 1869.

Red Doyenné. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 635. 1884.

An ancient pear attributed to the garden of the Chartreux Monastery at Paris about the middle of the eighteenth century. Fruit medium and above, globular, flattened at each extremity; skin rather thin and wrinkled, yellow-ochre, nearly covered with cinnamon-colored russet, so that little of the true color is visible, brownish-red toward the sun; flesh white, tender, melting, very buttery, rich and delicious; one of the best dessert pears; Oct.

Doyenné Guillard. 1. Guide Prat. 103. 1895.

Described as a new variety by Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit rather glossy, brown, slightly dotted with green; flesh almost fine, white, very juicy, vinous; Nov. and Dec.

Doyenné des Haies. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:71, fig. 1869.

A wilding found on the property of M. Bardi, Bwalt, Canton of Montastruc, Haute-Garonne, Fr., and first reported in 1855. Fruit medium, globular or globular-turbinate, flat at base, mammillate at summit, pale yellow, dotted and stained with fawn, blushed with tender rose on the side toward the sun; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, rather gritty around the core; juice abundant, sweet, very sugary, tasting of musk; second; Oct.

Doyenné Hudellet. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 101, fig. 147. 1866-73.

Obtained by M. Jules Hudellet at Ceyzeriat near Bourg, Ain, Fr.; it was first published in 1867. Fruit medium, globular-cylindrical, regular outline, bright green sprinkled with dots of gray-brown, passing to pale yellow, with some red on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, melting, full of sweet juice, slightly musky; first; Nov.

Doyenné Jamin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:75, fig. 1869. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:131, fig. 354. 1880.

Gained by Jamin & Durand, nurserymen at Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris, in 1859 from seed. Fruit medium, turbinate-conic or turbinate-ovate, irregular, greenish-yellow changing to yellow and washed with rose on the sunny side, dotted with russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine, buttery, full of sweet juice, vinous, astringent, without much perfume; second; Jan. and Feb.

Doyenné de Lorraine. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:17, 201. 1879.

Received by Diel, the eminent German pomologist, from a nurseryman at Metz under the name of Doyenné d’Austrasie by which it is mostly known to German authors. Fruit medium, globular, depressed at each pole, water-green, with gray-brown dots, bright citron-yellow when ripe and golden on the side next the sun or sometimes washed with red; flesh white, semi-fine, semi-buttery; juice plentiful, sweet and slightly perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.