Chapter V · MINOR VARIETIES OF PEARS (continued 10)

Saint Germain du Tilloy. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:626, fig. 1869.

The origin of this pear is unknown though Leroy thought that its name indicated origin in the Department of the Nord where it formerly existed in important nurseries and where are two towns bearing the name Tilloy. Fruit medium and above, long-conic or cylindrical-conic, very obtuse, rather variable, golden-yellow, clouded with olive-yellow, covered with gray dots and speckles, always rather squamose, more or less washed with cinnamon-russet on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, gritty at center; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, aromatic; first; mid-Oct. to end of Nov.

Saint Germain Van Mons. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:628, fig. 1869.

Van Mons Hermannsbirne. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:60. 1856.

The parent tree of this variety was a seedling raised by Van Mons at Brussels which fruited for the first time in 1819. Fruit rather above medium or medium, obovate-pyriform, one side habitually more swelled than the other, yellow-ochre, sprinkled with numerous gray and green dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine and semi-melting, very granular at the core; juice rarely abundant, sugary, acidulous, rather savory; second; Oct.

Saint Ghislain. 1. Hovey Fr. Am. 2:45, fig. 1851. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:629, fig. 1869.

This pear was raised at the village of Jammapes, Hainaut, Bel., by M. Dorlain and was propagated by Van Mons and others. Fruit medium; form irregular, globular gourd-shaped and swelled in its lower part or elongated gourd-shaped and sometimes regular-turbinate, always, however, diminishing acutely to the stalk; skin rather thick and rough, grass-green, covered all over with large gray dots and shaded with dull red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, fine or semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, watery; juice very saccharine, vinous, with a delicious perfume and an after-taste of musk; first; end of Aug.

Saint Herblain d’Hiver. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:147, fig. 74. 1872.

The Saint Herblain d’Hiver was propagated by M. Bruneau, a nurseryman, Nantes, Fr., where it was raised, cultivated and much appreciated. Fruit medium, conic-ovate, usually symmetrical in outline; skin rather thick and firm, at first bright green sprinkled with brown dots very regularly spaced and prominent, changing to citron-yellow with the side next the sun a little golden; flesh white, semi-fine, dense, semi-breaking, full of sweet juice, saccharine, refreshing, more tender when eaten at its extreme maturity; a good winter, cooking pear; end of winter.

Saint Lézin. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:632, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 642. 1884.

First among French pomologists to mention it was Claude Saint-Étienne, in 1670. Fruit large to very large, pyriform but variable, green clouded with pale yellow, dotted with small gray specks; flesh white, semi-fine, semi-breaking; juice plentiful, but deficient in sugar and without perfume; second for dessert, but good for stewing; Sept. and Oct.

Saint Louis. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:634, fig. 1869.

Found in the ancient fruit garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., and without any record of origin. Fruit medium or below, globular-ovate, somewhat bossed, yellow-ochre all over, sprinkled with dots and very small specks of fawn, more or less carmined on the face turned to the sun; flesh white, rather coarse, semi-melting; juice abundant, rather saccharine, sweetish, without any appreciable perfume; third; latter part of Aug.

Saint Luc. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:29, fig. 495. 1881.

Origin unknown. Fruit rather small, ovate-pyriform, symmetrical in contour, having its largest diameter somewhat below the center; skin rather thick though tender, at first pale water-green, with dots of green-gray, changing at maturity to pale golden-yellow, tinged with very light red on the cheek opposed to the sun; flesh whitish, fine, buttery; juice fairly abundant, very saccharine and slightly perfumed; good; Aug.

Saint Luke. 1. Garden 66:305. 1904.

Introduced by Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, Eng., about 1900. At the Royal Horticultural Society’s show of hardy fruits at Westminister in 1904 it was regarded as a valuable introduction, able to compete with the best, owing to its rich mellow flavor and melting flesh, and perfect shape and finish. Fruit rough, russety, deep cinnamon-brown with green patches; flesh melting, juicy, rich, sweet; Oct.

Saint Menin. 1. Mag. Hort. 22:231, fig. 16. 1856. 2. Mas Le Verger 2:187, fig. 92. 1866-73.

Omer-Pacha. 1. Mag. Hort. 21:87. 1855. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:478, fig. 1869.

Received in America from Leroy about 1855 under the name Omer-Pacha. It was known, however, as early as 1846 in this country under the name of Saint Menin. Fruit rather large, obovate-obtuse, pale yellow, slightly brown in the sun, netted and patched with russet, and thickly dotted with conspicuous russet dots; flesh whitish, fine, melting; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, with a delicate aroma; first; Sept.

St. Michel Archange. 1. Pom. France 1:No. 41, Pl. 41. 1863. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 324. 1866.

A French pear originated in the neighborhood of Nantes in the middle of the last century. Fruit medium or rather large, turbinate but irregular in form, sometimes obovate, sometimes long-pyriform; skin fine, smooth, greenish-yellow, much dotted with gray-russet, washed with orange-red on the side next the sun; flesh yellow-white, fine, melting, very juicy, tender, agreeably perfumed; very good; Sept. and Oct.

Saint Patrick. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 45. 1866.

Raised from seed by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., and fruited in 1863. Fruit, diameter 2½ inches, short-pyriform, green, with dots and some blush; keeps well, and ripens perfectly, with a pleasant flavor; Feb. 15.

Saint Père. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:638, fig. 1869.

Poire de Saint Père. 2. Guide Prat. 82, 253. 1895.

The origin of Saint Père is ancient and indeterminate. Without accepting the doubtful synonyms of Bugiada d’Hiver des Italiens and Brute-Bonne de Rome which have been applied to it, we may judge from its name, Holy Father, that it came from Italy. Fruit above medium and often larger, sometimes conic-pyriform and sometimes ovate-pyriform, but irregular in outline, yellow, much mottled with gray-russet, sprinkled with very many and rather large brown dots; flesh white, coarse, watery, semi-breaking, juicy, wanting in sugar, often acrid, without perfume; first for cooking purposes; Feb. to Apr.

St. Swithin. 1. Jour. Hort. 35:149, fig. 20. 1878. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 196. 1920.

Raised by Rivers, Sawbridgeworth Nurseries, Eng., from seed of Calebasse Tougard. Fruit below medium, obovate or pyriform; skin smooth, grass-green, thickly dotted and mottled with russet and sometimes with a faint blush on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, with a greenish tinge, tender, juicy and sweet, with a fine, brisk flavor; good, superior to Doyenne d’Été; July and Aug.

Saint Vincent de Paul. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:641, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 851. 1869.

M. Flon-Grolleau, a nurseryman, Angers, Fr., obtained this pear which was first tasted when ripe in mid-January, 1853. Fruit above medium, regular-obtuse-turbinate, meadow-green, sprinkled with yellow dots and russet, washed with fawn around the stem and on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, fine, breaking and gritty, juicy, having little sugar, rather astringent and without perfume; third for dessert, second for cooking; Oct.

Sainte Anne. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1895.

Obtained by M. Joanon at Saint-Cyr near Lyons, Fr. Fruit medium, oval, rounded at either end, greenish-yellow, washed with rose on the side next the sun; flesh white, rather fine, buttery, very juicy, melting, saccharine; matures after Beurré Giffard, about the beginning of Aug.

Sainte Thérèse. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:642, fig. 1869.

Raised by André Leroy, Angers, Fr. It first fruited in 1863. Fruit medium and often larger, ovate, irregular and rather long, always larger on one side than on the other, water-green, dotted and mottled with russet and stained with patches of fawn; flesh white, fine, melting; juice very abundant, very saccharine, perfumed and possessing an agreeably acid flavor; latter half of Oct.

Salisbury. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 541. 1857.

A native of western New York. Fruit depressed-pyriform; skin rough, somewhat covered with russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh coarse; of only moderate quality; Oct.

Salviati. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:137, Pl. IX. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 643. 1884.

Merlet, French pomologist, described this pear in L’Abrégé des bon fruits in 1675. Fruit below medium to medium; form variable from obtuse-turbinate to slightly long ovate-turbinate; skin thin, wax-yellow, dotted with greenish spots, sometimes much stained with scaly russet and sometimes tinted with reddish-brown on the side touched by the sun; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-melting, gritty at the center; juice scanty, rather saccharine, sweet, but with a strong and disagreeable odor of musk; third; Sept.

Salzburger von Adlitz. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:14. 1856.

A pear much esteemed in Bavaria, Württemberg, and Upper Austria. Fruit nearly medium, short-conic, even in outline, greenish-yellow, handsomely blushed, densely dotted with fine points; skin without scent; flesh mild, tender, melting; first for dessert, especially good for household and market; beginning of Sept.

Sam Brown. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 2nd App. 134, fig. 1872.

Originated with Samuel Brown, Junior, Walnut Hills, Md. Exhibited at Philadelphia in 1869. Fruit full medium size or under, globular, obtuse-pyriform, a little uneven, pale yellow partly covered with thin russet, resembling Brown Beurré somewhat in appearance and very much in flavor, sometimes rather brownish in the sun; flesh white, a little coarse, melting, juicy, vinous and rich; very good, nearly best; Sept.

Samenlose. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 382. 1885.

A Russian pear from the province of Vilna, which seems to be a near relative of the Bessemianka, but differs in expression of tree. Fruit above medium, of Bergamot type and good in quality.

Sanguine d’Italie. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:647, fig. 1869.

Imported into France about the beginning of the last century. Fruit medium, turbinate and regular, rather obtuse, grass-green, dotted with gray on the shaded side and with yellow-red on the sun-exposed side; flesh breaking, gritty, coarse, dull yellow, veined with red especially about the core where the yellow almost entirely disappears under the blood-red; juice never abundant, saccharine, sweet, without much perfume; third; Aug. and Sept.

Sanguinole. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 851. 1869. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 197. 1920.

Sanguine de France. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:645, fig. 1869.

This old pear is of consequence only on account of the color of its flesh. According to Claude Mollet, 1810, it was imported to France from Switzerland. It was known in Germany in 1500. Fruit below medium or small, variable in form, turbinate-obtuse, or globular, bossed; skin rather thick and rough, green dotted with gray and red, sprinkled with streaks and patches of russet, and sometimes slightly carmined on the face exposed to the sun; flesh transparent, red, semi-fine, semi-breaking, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, more or less musky, agreeable; second, sometimes third, the flesh decomposing rapidly; Aug. and Sept.

Sanguinole de Belgique. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 852. 1869.

Belgische Blutbirne. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:67. 1856.

Raised by M. Berckmans, a Belgian nurseryman who came to the United States but also maintained the original establishment, where this seedling was produced in 1851. It is of interest only on account of its rose-tinted flesh. Fruit medium, long-ovate, vivid yellow, blushed and dotted with red, with some brown-russet; flesh yellowish-white, tinted with red, semi-melting, saccharine and highly aromatic; second for the table; Oct. and early Nov.

Sans-Pareille du Nord. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:648, fig. 1869.

Unvergleichliche. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 291. 1889.

A French variety described first in 1847. Its origin is unknown. Fruit large and sometimes very large, very long, cylindrical and contorted, often slightly constricted in the middle like Calebasse; skin thin, lemon-yellow, sprinkled with large gray dots, some fine patches of fawn, more or less tinted with vivid rose on the face opposed to the sun; flesh very white, semi-breaking and semi-fine; juice never abundant, sweetish, rather saccharine, wanting in perfume, but yet having a slight characteristic flavor; third for dessert, first for compotes; Nov. to Jan.

Sans Peau. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:150, Pl. XIII. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 644. 1884.

Skinless. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 856. 1869.

Of ancient and uncertain origin; the first certain French description was written by La Quintinye in 1690. Fruit below medium or small, ovate, more or less long but always regular; skin exceedingly thin, and slightly rough to the touch, yellow-white, sprinkled with dots of darker green and often washed with pale rose on the sun-exposed side on which the dots are gray; flesh yellowish, coarse, melting, watery; juice sufficient, saccharine, acidulous, feebly perfumed; second; Aug.

Santa Anna. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 68. 1895.

Originated in Santa Anna, California. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, yellow-russeted; flesh tough, highly perfumed; first; season late.

Santa Claus. 1. Garden 67:17, 35. 1905. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 197. 1920.

Colonel Brymer, Dorchester, Eng., introduced this pear to the notice of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1905 explaining that the parent tree had come originally from Belgium some thirty years previously. Fruit medium, conical, slightly pyriform, fairly even, slightly rough, dull brown-red, practically covered with russet; stem long, slender; calyx partially open, in an even basin; flesh pale yellowish, melting, deliciously flavored; Dec.

Santa Rosa. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 68. 1895.

Originated in California. Fruit large, pyriform; flesh buttery, vinous; mid-season.

Sapieganka. 1. Mont. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 56, fig. 1881-2. 2. Cal. Com. Hort. Pear Grow. Cal. 7:No. 5, 179. 1914.

Bergamotte Sapieganka. 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 83. 1882.

Originated in northern Poland and introduced into this country in 1879. There is a suspicion that it may be the Bergamotte d’Été renamed after a Polish nobleman. It has been found tender in Manitoba and the Northwest, but perfectly hardy at Ottawa and in Muskoka. Fruit medium, oblate, often somewhat flattened, brownish-yellow, with brownish-red in the sun, with numerous small dots; flesh white, coarse, somewhat firm and juicy; poor quality both for dessert and cooking, third for market; Aug.

Sarah. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 37. 1867.

Raised by Thaddeus Clapp of Dorchester, Mass. It was exhibited at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society’s rooms in 1867. Fruit medium size, globular-obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, partially netted and patched with russet, and thickly sprinkled with brown dots; flesh white, fine, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, aromatic; very good; Oct.

Sarrasin. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:249. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 644. 1884.

Duhamel du Monceau was the first writer to mention this pear, the origin of which is unknown. Fruit medium, turbinate, more or less obtuse and elongated, dull yellow, slightly greenish, dotted all over with bright russet, seldom mottled but amply washed with rose on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-breaking; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, having a taste of anis; second as a fruit to eat raw, first for compotes; Duhamel terms it the longest keeping of all pears; Mar. to June.

Sary-Birne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:56. 1856.

Published in Germany in 1851. Also known as Sary Armud and the Turkish Musk Summer Pear. Fruit small, ventriculous-conic, often somewhat bossed, greenish-yellow turning yellow, seldom blushed, dotted with fine russet points; flesh very sweet, semi-melting, granular, without any particular aroma; second for table, good for kitchen and market; Aug.

Säuerliche Margarethenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:165. 1856.

Marguerite-Acidule. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:43, fig. 22. 1872.

Obtained by Diel in the neighborhood of Nassau, Ger. Fruit small, usually globular-turbinate and sometimes ovate-pyriform, yellowish light green changing to pale light yellow, often blushed with brownish-red on the side of the sun, on which are numerous dots; flesh granular, white, semi-melting; juice sufficient, moderately sweet, refreshing; third; end of July.

Schellesbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:172. 1856. Württemberg, Ger. First published in 1830. Fruit medium, turbinate, rather bossed and unequal-sided; skin testaceous, light green turning to yellow-green, light blood-red marblings, sprinkled with dark, grayish-green, round dots; third for the table; good for perry; beginning of Oct.

Schmalblättrige Schneebirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:199. 1856.

Germany, 1809. Fruit grows in bunches, small, spherical; skin thick, yellow-green, dotted and speckled with brown; flesh coarse; third; Dec. and Jan.

Schmotzbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 136, fig. 1913.

A perry pear known under many names in different parts of Austria. Fruit below medium, globular-ovate, often turbinate, smooth, yellow when ripe, thickly dotted with russet; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, subacid; Oct.

Schnackenburger Winterbirne. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 338. 1881.

Published in Germany. Fruit rather large, flattened, globular-yellow washed with brownish-red; flesh breaking; a cooking pear; winter.

Schöberlbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 100, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, Bergamot-form to short-turbinate, light green turning to greenish-yellow, dotted with russet; flesh very white, rather coarse, very juicy, subacid; mid-Oct. to Dec.

Schöne Müllerin. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:173. 1856.

Nassau, Ger., published in 1805. Fruit very small, turbinate, or blunt-conic, grass-green turning to yellow-green, often with dark red blush and having brown dots changing to green, light brown-russet markings; flesh fine-grained, with sweet, cinnamon flavor, breaking and juicy; third for dessert, very good for household; end of Sept. to beginning of Oct. for five to six weeks.

Schönebeck Tafelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:50. 1856.

Germany, on the Rhine, 1816. Fruit small, conic; skin polished, greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow, blushed with red, heavily dotted with green; flesh marrowy, acid, vinous; second for the table, good for household and market; beginning of Sept. for two weeks.

Schönerts Omsewitzer Schmalzbirne. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 108. 1825.

Fondante de Schönert. 2. Mas Le Verger 2:223, fig. 110. 1866-73.

According to Diel this pear was raised at the village of Omsewitz, near Dresden, by a farmer named Schönert. Fruit hardly medium, long-conic-pyriform, its greatest diameter being below its center; skin rather thick and firm, pale green changing to very pale yellow, without any blush, sprinkled with small gray-green dots; flesh white, fine, rather firm yet melting, full of saccharine juice, acidulous, refreshing, and delicately perfumed; first for household; Sept.

Schönlin Stuttgarter späte Winterbutterbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:133. 1856.

Raised from seed at Württemberg, Ger., and first published in 1825. Fruit large, oblong, slightly bossed, light green turning lemon-yellow, red dots, marked with russet, thick-skinned; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, aromatic and excellent in flavor; first for dessert, household and market; Feb. to Apr.

Schuman. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 852. 1869.

A native of Bucks County, Pa. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, pale yellow, tinted with red on the cheek next the sun; flesh coarse, pasty; poor; Sept.

Schwarze Birne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:170. 1856.

Saxony. First published in 1804. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, grass-green turning yellowish, almost entirely covered with dark russet, often blushed with dirty brown red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, firm, breaking, aromatic, sweet and vinous; first for household purposes; Jan. to Apr.

Schweizer Wasserbirne. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 338. 1881. 2. Löschnig Mostbirnen 206, fig. 1913.

Weingifterin. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:162. 1856.

Used in Austria and Switzerland for the making of perry. Fruit rather large, very globular, somewhat flattened at both poles; skin fairly rough, green-yellow, tinged with dull washed-out red, numerous dots and flecks of russet over the whole fruit; late Sept. to mid-Oct. for four weeks.

Sdegnata. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:653, fig. 1869.

Major Espéren, the Belgian pomologist, raised this pear from seed, but at what date appears to be unknown. Fruit long-ovate, irregular and bossed; skin rather rough, greenish-yellow, dotted with russet and changing to meadow-green on the side exposed to the sun, marbled with gray-russet; flesh white, fine or semi-fine, juicy, dense although very melting, rather granular at the core; juice extremely abundant, saccharine, acidulous, with a characteristic flavor, deliciously perfumed; first; Aug.

Seal. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 852. 1869.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Fruit medium or below, globular, pale yellow, lightly shaded with crimson in the sun and thickly sprinkled with green and russet dots; flesh white, coarse, moderately juicy, melting, slightly astringent; good; end of Aug.

Sébastien. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:181, fig. 573. 1881.

Raised by M. Pariset, Ain, Fr., in 1852, and first published in 1867. Fruit medium, cylindrical-ovate, even in its outline; skin rather thin but firm, at first intensely green, sprinkled with brown dots, large and prominent, changing to a brighter green at maturity with russet coloring on the side next the sun; flesh white, slightly tinted with green, especially under the skin, very fine, entirely melting, full of sweet juice, saccharine, with an agreeable perfume; first; Dec.

Sebastopol. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:655, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 852. 1869.

M. Minot, Jodoigne, Bel., obtained Sebastopol, which ripened for the first time in 1858. Fruit below medium, ovate-turbinate, symmetrical, green tinted with dull yellow, dotted with brown and mottled with russet; flesh white, rather coarse, semi-melting and watery, having some grit around the core, juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, rarely much perfumed; second; mid-Aug.

Seckel Seedling No. 1. 1. Iowa Hort. Soc. Rpt. 131. 1915.

Mentioned in a report of the Supervising Committee of the Iowa Horticultural Society as a valuable seedling raised by Charles G. Patten. “The fruit is larger than the old Seckel, of excellent quality, and the tree is vigorous, hardy and free from blight.”

Secrétaire Maréschal. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 281. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 99. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr.; published in 1886. Fruit medium, resembling Beurré Clairgeau; flesh very fine, juicy, perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

Secrétaire Rodin. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 281. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 99. 1895. Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. It was first published in 1881. Fruit medium to large recalling in appearance the Duchesse d’Angoulême; flesh yellow, vinous, of an agreeable perfume and distinctive flavor; Nov. and Dec.

Seigneur Daras. 1. Guide Prat. 99. 1895.

Tree very fertile, not very vigorous and best cultivated on wild stock. Fruit medium, of the form of the Doyenné; flesh fine, juicy, saccharine, perfumed; Oct.

Seigneur d’Été. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 348. 1831.

An old Flemish pear sent to England by M. Stoffels of Mechlin and exhibited by the Horticultural Society of London in 1819. Fruit above medium, obtuse-oval; skin fine orange, with bright scarlet on the sunny side, sprinkled with small brown spots and partially marked with larger ones of the same color; flesh melting, with an extremely small core, and a rich, highly flavored juice; beginning and middle of Sept.

Selleck. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 854. 1869.

The origin of Selleck is unknown. Some thirty years ago the oldest known bearing tree of the variety was standing on the grounds of Columbus Selleck, Sudbury, Vermont, and was then still healthy and very productive. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, surface uneven; skin a fine yellow, with a crimson cheek and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, a little coarse, juicy, melting, sweet, aromatic; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

Semis d’Echasserie. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:188, fig. 580. 1881.

Obtained by M. Pariset, Ain, Fr., from a seed bed made in 1840. It was first published in 1862. Fruit below medium, globular-ovate, symmetrical in contour; skin rather thick and rough to the touch, yellow-green passing to bright yellow at maturity, tinged with earthy-red on fruits well exposed to the sun; flesh a little coarse, semi-breaking, rather full of saccharine juice, slightly gritty about the core, insufficiently perfumed; second; Dec. and Jan.

Semis Léon Leclerc. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:173, fig. 279. 1879.

Sent out by M. Bivort from Belgium about the year 1859. Fruit small or nearly medium on a well-pruned tree, ovate, often ventriculous, symmetrical in its contour; skin thin, smooth, green sprinkled with dots of darker green, changing at maturity to whitish-yellow, rather deeper on the side next the sun, sometimes washed with light red on which the dots are grayish or yellow; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, full of saccharine juice and pleasantly perfumed; good for its season; beginning of Aug.

Sénateur Préfet. 1. Guide Prat. 111. 1876.

Published in France by M. Boisbunel. Tree vigorous and very fertile. Fruit medium or large, oval-pyriform; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, vinous; first; March to May.

Sénateur Vaisse. 1. Pom. France 4:No. 169, Pl. 169. 1867.

M. Lagrange, a nurseryman of Lyons, Fr., grew this pear from seed in 1861. Tree pyramidal, rather vigorous, productive. Fruit rather large, obovate, pale yellow, with a rosy tint on the sunny side; flesh crisp, juicy, very sweet, slightly gritty; good; Sept.

Seneca. 1. Guide Prat. 104. 1895.

A wildling found by James Payne and nurtured by A. C. Clark, both of Tyre, N. Y., and reported as about twelve years old in 1896. Similar to Bartlett but of higher quality, better color, and later season. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform, light yellow, with blushed cheek, green mottling and black dots on shady side; flesh white, vinous, sprightly; very good; Oct. and Nov.

Senfbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:183. 1856.

Hanover. First published in 1852. Fruit medium, ventriculous and conic, often somewhat turbinate, unattractive green turning yellowish, often darkly blushed, spotted; flesh rather coarse, fairly juicy, sweet; first for household use; Oct. and Nov. for six weeks.

Seringe. 1. Gard. Chron. 1045. 1866.

M. Nérard, a nurseryman at Lyons, Fr., obtained Seringe, which was published first in 1864. Fruit medium, oval, inclining to obovate, a little depressed at the ends; skin citron or pale yellow, smooth, with some russet specks; flesh white, very melting and sugary; Aug.

Serrurier. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 543. 1857. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:660. 1869.

Van Mons obtained this variety from seed at Louvain, Bel., about 1825. Fruit large; form rather inconstant, passing from irregular ovate, swelled and much bossed, to ovate more or less globular, and mammillate at the summit; skin thick, olive-yellow, closely dotted with gray, stained with fawn around the calyx and touched with some brown-russet and occasionally vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, melting or semi-melting, juicy, vinous and saccharine, possessing a tartish flavor and a particularly pleasant aroma; first; Oct. and Nov.

Seutin. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 854. 1869.

Poire Seutin. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:143, fig. 360. 1880.

According to Bivort the pear Seutin was obtained by M. Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, more or less long, sometimes symmetrical, sometimes rather angular in its contour; skin thick, firm, at first bright green sprinkled with dots of green-gray, changing to lemon-yellow tinged with golden-russet on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, rather fine, gritty at the center, semi-buttery, fairly juicy, sweet, and delicately perfumed; winter.

Sha Lea. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 303. 1879. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485. 1913.

Chinese Sand. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 851. 1869.

A Chinese sand pear imported from China by Wm. R. Prince, Flushing, N. Y. about 1820. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, dull yellow, covered with a rough, sandy-like russet; flesh firm, moderately juicy; cooks well and acquires a fine flavor; Sept.

Shawmut. 1. Mag. Hort. 25:209, fig. 14. 1859.

Originated with Francis Dana, Roxbury, Mass. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, regular; skin fair, nearly smooth, dull yellow at maturity, dotted with large, round, russet specks, most numerous on the sunny side; flesh yellowish, coarse, melting, very juicy, rich, vinous, sprightly, with a pleasant musky perfume; Oct.

Shenandoah. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass. It fruited first in 1862. Fruit “Skin yellow; flesh fine-grained and sweet, keeps well, and is a good market pear; pyriform.”

Sheppard. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 855. 1869.

Raised by James Sheppard, Dorchester, Mass. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform; skin rough, yellow, sometimes with a brownish-red cheek, slightly sprinkled with russet dots and with some patches of russet; flesh whitish, coarse and granular, buttery, melting, juicy, vinous, perfumed; good to very good; end of Sept. and first of Oct.

Sheridan. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 44. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass. “Fruited in 1864. Short diam. 3 inches; long diam. 3½ inches; good grain, juicy, rather vinous in flavor; color dark green; ripens soundly. Large bearer, and good market pear. Turbinate.”

Shindel. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 44. 1897.

This pear has been locally grown about Emigsville, Pa., since the early part of the last century, and up to 1897 was reported never to have been affected with blight. Fruit medium, globular-obovate; skin rather smooth, lemon-yellow, with thin golden-russet patches and veining; flesh whitish, rather fine, granular, moderately juicy, mild, sugary, moderately rich; good; Aug. and Sept.

Shobden Court. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 646. 1884.

Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of London. Fruit below medium, oblate, symmetrical in form, deep rich yellow, blushed with red on the side next the sun, sprinkled all over with rough, russety dots; flesh white, coarse-grained, juicy, briskly acid and sweet, not highly flavored; second; Jan. and Feb.

Shurtleff. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 44. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass. “Fruited in 1863. Short diam. 2½ inches; long diam. 3 inches; flesh rather dry, and firm; skin yellow with red cheek; keeps soundly without extra care until May. A most prolific bearer. Short pyriform.”

Sieboldii. 1. Guide Prat. 115. 1876. 2. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485. 1913.

Japan. Sieboldii is a variety distinct from Madame von Siebold and was described by Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, as follows: “Medium to large pyriform with elongated tendency, angled and irregular; ... color slightly red on sunny side, grayish in shade; flesh white, breaking, sweet, perfumed; cannot be eaten raw with pleasure.”

Sievenicher Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 208, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Austria and Germany. Fruit medium to fairly large, globular, short, diminishing somewhat acutely to the stalk; yellow-green, blushed with brown; flesh coarse, subacid and dry; end of Sept. and beginning of Oct.

Sikaya. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485. 1913.

An Oriental variety. Fruit medium to small, oblate, symmetrical, buff, russeted; skin tough, almost covered with large russet dots; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, poor, insipid, subacid, melting, gritty; late.

Simon Bouvier. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:666, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 646. 1884.

Souvenir de Simon Bouvier. 3. Guide Prat. 108, 305. 1876.

Raised by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, symmetrical, ovate, always swelled toward the base, green shaded with dull yellow, dotted and stained with russet; flesh whitish, fine, juicy and melting, almost free from granulations; juice extremely abundant and saccharine, very acidulous, highly perfumed, having an after taste of musky-anis which adds to its delicacy; first; Sept.

Sinai’sche Buschelbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:198. 1856.

Mount Sinai, Persia, 1815. Fruit very small, globular, flattened, greenish, blushed, very finely dotted; flesh hard, coarse-grained, juiceless, sour, but sweet when ripe; third; winter.

Sinclair. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:74. 1856. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 646. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons. Fruit large and handsome, long-turbinate, very wide at the base and tapering abruptly by deep concave curves to a narrow point near the stalk, even and symmetrical in shape, smooth, fine, clear lemon-yellow, with a faint blush of red next the sun; flesh fine-grained, buttery, melting, very juicy and sweet, with a rich, vinous flavor and a slight musky perfume; very good for dessert and also for household and market purposes; Sept. and Oct.

Sirningers Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 210, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium to large, long-conic; skin firm, green turning yellowish-russet; flesh greenish-white, very firm, rather acid flavor; Oct.

Slavonische Wasserbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:183. 1856.

Originated at Siebenbürgen, Ger. First published in 1851. Fruit below medium, ventriculous-conic, green turning greenish-yellow, with light brown wash on the sunny side; flesh coarse, saccharine, firm, very juicy and sweet; third for the table, first for household use; beginning of Sept.

Slutsk. 1. Ragan Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul. 126:231. 1908.

Originated in Minsk, Russia, and received in this country about 1890. Fruit large, symmetrical, roundish-obtuse-pyriform, yellow, largely overspread with bright red and thickly sprinkled with brown dots; stem long, slender, in a deep cavity; calyx open; flesh moderately juicy, somewhat astringent, not sugary; good; Oct.

Smet Fils Unique. 1. Guide Prat. 106. 1876.

Fruit large, Doyenné in form; flesh fine, melting, juicy; first; end of autumn.

Smith. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485, fig. 1913.

An oriental variety or hybrid, very similar to Le Conte but blooms later. Fruit medium to large, oval, truncate at basin end; skin yellowish-green, smooth, with patches of russet; flesh white, firm, insipid, dry, mealy; poor; Oct.

Smith Beauty. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:485. 1913.

An oriental hybrid, similar to Le Conte, with no blush, shorter than Dewey. Variety name has been listed as Smith’s Winter Beauty.

Smith Duchess. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 101. 1883.

An American hybrid of the Chinese Sand Pear.

Snow. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 149. 1873.

Originated with Suel Foster, Muscatine, Ia. Reported in 1873 as “better than Vicar except for size and keeping. Its flesh is very white; valuable for cooking.”

Sœur Grégoire. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:667, fig. 1869.

Xavier Grégoire, the well-known Belgian seedsman, Jodoigne, Brabant, obtained this variety. It bore its first fruit in 1858. Fruit large, in form variable from irregular long gourd-shaped to long-cylindrical, usually rather bossed; skin thick and rough, yellow-ochre, dotted and stained with gray-russet and shaded with dark red on the cheek next the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, melting, granular at the core; juice rarely abundant but very aromatic, saccharine and with a delicate flavor; first when sufficiently juicy, otherwise second; Nov. and Dec.

Soldat Bouvier. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 4:37, fig. 211. 1879.

Raised by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit nearly medium, globular-conic, regular in outline; skin rather firm, at first a dark green, sprinkled with dots of a darker shade, brightening to yellowish at maturity and extensively colored with blood-red on the cheek next the sun; flesh whitish, rather fine, buttery, melting; juice sufficient, saccharine and delicately perfumed; good to first; Sept.

Soldat Laboureur. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 3:31, fig. 1855. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 198. 1920.

Soldat Laboureur was obtained from a seed bed made about 1820 by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium to large, ovate-pyriform or turbinate, bossed; skin smooth, rather thick, bright green passing to golden-yellow when perfectly ripe, dotted and shaded with fawn; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, melting; juice abundant, saccharine, perfumed, and, on land suiting it, very vinous; very good, highest quality; Oct. and Nov.

Sommer-Russelet. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:46. 1856.

Thuringia, 1807. Fruit medium, pyriform, light yellow, blushed all over; flesh breaking, juicy, with a flavor of cinnamon; second for table, first for household and market; beginning of Aug.

Sommer-Zuckerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:53. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger. Published in 1798. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, obtuse, yellowish-green turning a lighter tint at maturity, with dark blush on the side of the sun and yellow dots which turn green; flesh yellowish-white, breaking, saccharine; second for dessert and good for household and market purposes; Aug.

Sommeralantbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:14. 1856.

Poire d’Aunée d’Été. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:77, fig. 327. 1880.

Upper Hesse, Prussia; first published in 1802. Fruit medium, long-conic; skin fine, light green turning yellowish, with dark red blush and very fine dots; wanting in juice, buttery, mild and tender, aromatic; first for table, household and market; Aug. and Sept.

Sommerkönigin. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:109. 1856.

Nassau, Ger.; published in 1804. Fruit above medium, obtuse-conic, inclined to one side at the top, yellowish-green turning to light yellow, with a pale blush, greenish dots and flecked with russet; flesh white, juicy, buttery, melting and full of flavor; Sept.

Sommerwachsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:50. 1856.

Nassau, Ger.; published in 1805. Fruit medium, pyriform, symmetrical; skin smooth, straw-white turning to a waxy light yellow, with often a faint blush, light green dots turning red, without scent; flesh semi-melting, very juicy and saccharine; third for table, good for household purposes; first of Sept.

Sophie de l’Ukraine. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 647. 1884.

Fruits rather large, obovate, even and regular, in shape rather resembling White Doyenné; pale yellow, covered with minute dots on the shaded side and with a tinge of warm orange on the side opposed to the sun; flesh neither melting nor juicy, only sweet; an inferior pear; soon becomes soft; Nov.

Sotschnaja. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 61. 1880.

A northern European variety reported by J. L. Budd as imported by him and on trial at the Iowa State College. Shows marked traces of the Chinese forms of the pear in shape, serration, thickness and size of leaf. The wood is gritty and thorn-like and unites very imperfectly with the apple.

Soueraigne. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629.

“The Soueraigne peare, that which I have seene and taste, and so termed unto me, was a small brownish yellow peare, but of a most dainty taste; but some doe take a kind of Bon Chretien, called the Elizabeth peare, to be the Soueraigne; how truly let others judge.”

Soutmann. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:130. 1856.

Holland, 1821. Fruit medium, globular-oblong, light green turning to yellowish-green, without any blush, small brown dots; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, and with a sweet aromatic flavor of cinnamon; very good dessert fruit; Dec.

Souvenir de l’Abbé Lefebvre. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree of moderate vigor, fertile and adapts itself to all forms of growth. Fruit medium in size; flesh very fine, perfumed and excellent; Nov. and Dec.

Souvenir de du Breuil Père. 1. Pom. France 4:No. 159, Pl. 159. 1867.

Poire du Breuil Père. 2. Rev. Hort. 202. 1889.

Obtained from a bed of seeds of Louise Bonne de Jersey made by A. du Breuil, Rouen, Fr., in 1840. Fruit medium or rather large, sub-spherical, more often inclined by the oblique truncation of its wide top; skin very fine, yellow at maturity, much mottled and dotted with bright russet all over, the russet becoming purple on the side next the sun; flesh white, melting, very juicy, saccharine, pleasantly perfumed and sprightly; excellent; Nov. to Jan.

Souvenir Deschamps. 1. Rev. Hort. 182. 1891. 2. Gard. Chron. 3rd Ser. 9:57. 1891.

Described in 1891 as a newly introduced seedling raised in the State School of Horticulture, Ghent, Bel. Fruit large, elongated, like Calebasse in form, sometimes spindle-form and straight, slightly constricted about the middle, greenish-yellow, marked with brown spots; flesh yellowish, delicate, melting, juicy, good; Sept. and Oct.

Souvenir Désiré Gilain. 1. Guide Prat. 108. 1876.

Stated in a Bulletin of the Society Van Mons to have been a gain of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, symmetrical in outline, having its greatest diameter well below the centre; skin rather firm, pale green, sown with dots of darker green, turning pale yellow when ripe, rather golden on the side next the sun and touched with a tinge of red; flesh white, fine, breaking, juicy, saccharine, vinous, with a flavor difficult to describe; Aug.

Souvenir d’Espéren de Berckmans. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 3:151, fig. 172. 1878.

Obtained by M. Berckmans at his establishment in this country and should not be confounded with the Souvenir d’Espéren raised by M. Bivort. Fruit medium or rather large, conic-pyriform, often a little irregular in contour; skin fine, thin, water-green, sprinkled with large brown dots, both numerous and prominent and patches of russet, changing to lemon-yellow at maturity, the russet becoming golden; flesh white, a little tinted with yellow, rather fine, buttery, melting; juice sufficient in amount and highly saccharine and perfumed; good; Oct.

Souvenir Favre. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 8:65, fig. 1860. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 2nd App. 134. 1872.

Originated by M. Favre, Chalons, Fr., from seed of Glou Morceau planted in 1850. Fruit medium to below, conic-pyriform, pale yellow, dotted with many brown and green dots; stem short, rather stout, in a slight cavity; calyx open; basin small, uneven, slightly russeted; flesh whitish, slightly coarse, half-melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; good to very good; Oct.

Souvenir de Gaëte. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:671, fig. 1869.

M. Ruillé de Beauchamp obtained the Souvenir de Gaëte from seed of the Beurré de l’Assomption. It received the recommendation of the pomological committee of the Horticultural Society of Paris. Fruit above medium and sometimes large, irregular-turbinate or ovate, mammillate at the top and ventriculated at the middle, bright yellow, finely dotted and streaked with fawn and extensively washed with tender rose on the cheek opposed to the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting and free from granulations; juice very abundant, saccharine, refreshing and vinous with a characteristic perfume and flavor; first; Oct.

Souvenir de Julia. 1. Guide Prat. 60. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit medium, globular, whitish-yellow, blushed with rose; flesh fine, semi-melting, saccharine, juicy; first; Oct. and Nov.

Souvenir de Leroux-Durand. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 285. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Published in Germany in 1879. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit large or very large, oblong, bright yellow, stained with golden-russet; flesh very melting, vinous, highly saccharine and very agreeably perfumed; first; Oct.

Souvenir de Lydie. 1. Guide Prat. 58. 1895.

A Belgian variety disseminated by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp. Fruit rather large, Doyenné in form, greenish-yellow; flesh semi-fine, melting, highly saccharine; first; Oct.

Souvenir de Madame Charles. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 285. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Raised by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr., from seed of Serrurier. Tree vigorous, fertile and suitable for all forms of cultivation. Fruit medium to large, having the form of the Passe Colmar, gray; flesh very fine, melting, saccharine and perfumed; Dec. and Jan.

Souvenir de la Reine des Belges. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:673, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 857. 1869.

Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., obtained this pear in 1855. Fruit above medium, turbinate, rather obtuse, ventriculous and symmetrical in its lower part and much contorted and bossed in its upper, pale yellow, dotted with gray, mottled with russet, especially over the side exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, melting, juicy, gritty at the core; juice abundant, saccharine, slightly acidulous, with a delicate flavor and aroma; first and often second when the fruit is devoid of perfume; Oct.

Souvenir de Renault Père. 1. Rev. Hort. 397, fig. 126. 1893.

M. Renault, Bulgnéville, Vosges, Fr., observed that the lower branches of an Easter Beurré produced foliage variegated with white while the remainder were of a beautiful green. Grafts from the variegated branches in due course perpetuated the variegation and produced a fruit similar to that of Easter Beurré but with the skin striped longitudinally from pole to pole, the variegation being more or less distinct according to the season and the vigor of the tree. Fruit large, obovate; skin hard to the touch, green turning to a golden yellow at maturity, variegated; flesh very white, fine, rather melting, fairly juicy, highly saccharine, rather gritty around the center; a good dessert pear; Jan. to Mar.

Souvenir de Sannier père. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree moderately vigorous. Fruit medium, dark yellow, tinted with rose; first; Oct.

Souvenir de Simon Bouvier. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:674, fig. 1869.

Obtained by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., and first reported in 1846. Fruit below medium, turbinate, even in outline, rather swelled in all the lower part and somewhat obtuse at the summit; color pale yellow, dotted with gray and green, stained with brown-fawn and vermilioned on the cheek opposed to the sun; flesh white, juicy, semi-fine and semi-melting; juice very abundant, vinous, saccharine and strongly musky; second; Oct.

Souvenir du Vénérable de la Salle. 1. Rev. Hort. 236. 1886.

Said to have been originated by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree of good vigor, medium productive. Fruit medium, resembling Bon-Chrétien d’Hiver in form; flesh fine, melting, sweet; of first quality; Oct. and Nov.

Souveraine de Printemps. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 544. 1857.

Of foreign origin. Fruit medium, oblate, obscurely pyriform, angular, yellow, sprinkled with russet; flesh white, melting, coarse, granular, juicy, somewhat astringent, with a brisk vinous flavor; Mar.

Spae. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:676, fig. 1869.

Obtained by M. Spae, Ghent, Bel., and was propagated in 1861. Fruit above medium, long-turbinate, obtuse, rather contorted at the base and always having one side larger than the other, dull yellow, shaded with bright green, dotted, with more or less brown-russet on the cheek next the sun; flesh semi-fine or semi-breaking, white, juicy, sweet, saccharine, rather deficient in perfume but delicate; second; Oct.

Späte Rotbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 54, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium to large, pyriform, dull green changing to greenish-yellow with widely spread dark blush, thickly speckled with whitish dots; flesh white, fine, aromatic; Nov. and Dec.

Späte Sommerbirne ohne Schale. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:38. 1856.

Holland, 1806. Fruit very small, conic but variable, even sides; skin tender, greenish-yellow turning lemon-yellow, densely sprinkled with dark green dots; flesh very juicy, coarse, melting; second for dessert, first for household; mid-Aug.

Späte Todemannsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:146. 1856.

Nassau, Ger., 1806. Fruit large, shallow-bossed, sides unequal, pyriform, light green turning to light lemon-yellow, often blushed, dotted, often speckled with russet and russeted on the side next the sun; flesh breaking, wanting in juice; third for dessert, very good for household; Dec. and Jan.

Späte Wasserbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:194. 1856.

Württemberg, Ger., 1830. Fruit medium, turbinate, rather obtuse, light green turning dirty pale yellow, dull red blush, large gray dots; flesh firm, very juicy, tasteless; good for household purposes and perry; Sept.

Spätes Graumänchen. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 291. 1881.

Bohemia. Fruit small, obtuse-pyriform, green changing at maturity to yellowish-green, very much russeted; flesh fine-grained, semi-melting, aromatic, cinnamon savor, sugary; good table fruit; Oct. to Jan.

Speckbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 138, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit large, turbinate; skin smooth, light leaf-green turning to dull greenish-yellow at maturity, dotted with russet; flesh yellowish-white, very juicy, subacid, rather coarse-grained; Oct. to Dec.

Speedwell. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 43. 1866.

A seedling raised and fruited in 1863 by Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass. Fruit, “Short diam. 2¼ inches, long diam. 3 inches; color green; flesh melting, juicy, with rich flavor; ripens soundly Sept. 1; quality fine; obovate.”

Spillingsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:150. 1856.

Germany, 1806. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, even in contour, pale green changing to light lemon-yellow, more golden on the side of the sun, with light green dots; flesh snow-white, breaking and coarse-grained, vinous, acidulous and saccharine; second for dessert, first for household; Aug.

Spindelförmige Honigbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:143. 1856.

Grown in the middle Rhine country, Germany. Fruit medium, long-conic, regular, greenish-yellow, entirely covered with cinnamon-russet; flesh breaking and coarse, often semi-melting, saccharine and musky; very good for household use; Sept.

Spindelförmige Rehbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:132. 1856.

Westphalia, 1828. Fruit large, oblong, shallow-bossed; skin rough, light cinnamon-russet all over, dotted with whitish-gray; flesh granular, aromatic, with sweet wine flavor; first for table and household use; Sept. and Oct.

Spinka. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 6:89, fig. 429. 1880.

Origin uncertain, though Oberdieck thought it came originally from Bohemia. Fruit nearly medium, ovate, more or less shortened; skin thick and very firm, pale water-green, taking a white tint long before maturity, sprinkled with brown dots, changing to pale yellow and the side next the sun more or less warmly golden; flesh yellow-tinted, fine, semi-buttery; juice sufficient, saccharine and agreeably perfumed; fairly good; Sept.

Spreeuw. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:676. 1869. A rather worthless pear raised by Van Mons at Brussels which gave its first fruit in 1815. Fruit small, globular-ovate, green turning yellow, dotted with yellowish-red and blushed; flesh greenish-white, rather gritty, saccharine; in Germany is reckoned as second for dessert and first for household purposes; in France it appears to possess little merit; Oct. and Nov.

Star of Bethlehem. 1. Horticulturist 24:334, fig. 1869.

Originated at Bethlehem, Pa., and described in 1869 as a new variety. Tree resembles a persimmon tree with a low and spreading habit; branches never upright, very enduring and able to bear heavy weights; very productive and regular in bearing. Fruit very large, similar in form to the Beurré d’Anjou, obovate-pyriform-obtuse, regular; skin smooth, deep yellow, slightly russeted, with a handsome red cheek on the side exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, somewhat coarse, buttery, melting, fine, sweet, rich and excellent flavor; highly spoken of at the time; Sept.

Steinbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 56, fig. 1913.

A perry pear found in Austria and Switzerland. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, greenish changing to yellowish-green when ripe, on the sun-exposed side washed with dull red, speckled with russet spots; flesh granular, firm; good for transportation; Nov. and Dec.

Steinmitz Catharine. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 858. 1869.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Fruit small to medium, oblong-pyriform, greenish, with a tinge of brown in the sun; flesh white, moderately juicy, semi-melting, vinous; good; Sept.

Stevens Genesee. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Bk. 157. 1849.

Originated on the farm of M. F. Stevens, Lima, N. Y. Fruit large, globular-obovate, yellow; flesh white, tender, rather buttery, of a rich, excellent, aromatic flavor; good to very good; Sept. and Oct. but in some districts as early as Aug.

Sterling. 1. Mag. Hort. 13:443, 444, fig. 36. 1847.

Raised by a Mr. Sterling in the neighborhood of Buffalo, N. Y., from seed brought from Connecticut about 1828. Fruit medium, almost spherical, slightly oval, yellow, with occasionally a few small patches of russet and on the sun-exposed cheek a mottled crimson blush; flesh rather coarse, juicy, melting, with a saccharine, brisk flavor; very good; Sept.

Stone. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:24, fig. 1843.

Grew in the garden of a Mr. Stone, Cincinnati, O., and named in his honor. Fruit large, broad-pyriform, sides uneven, globular toward lower end and gradually diminishing toward the stem; bright yellow at maturity with a bright red cheek next the sun, beautifully intermixed with yellow streaks and specks; flesh white, somewhat buttery, rather melting, slightly astringent; Aug.

Stout. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 39. 1895.

Originated at Monrovia, Ind., about 1840. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, green changing to yellow; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, subacid; very good; mid-season.

Strassburger Sommerbergamotte. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:40. 1856.

Thuringia, 1766. Fruit medium, turbinate, medium ventriculous, greenish-yellow turning yellowish-white at maturity, with rather grayish spots; flesh semi-melting, very white, sweet, acid, aromatic; first for household use and market; Aug.

Stribling. 1. S. C. Sta. Rpt. 16. 1914.

A seedling believed to be of French origin brought to notice in 1912 by J. C. Stribling, Pendleton, S. C. Considered likely to prove one of the most valuable pears for the South because blight resistant. Fruit large, cordate, sides unequal, base rounded, apex flattened, light yellow, almost entirely covered with light russet; skin smooth, thin, tough, sprinkled with numerous light russet dots, indistinct, large at base, smaller and more numerous at apex; flesh coarse-grained, very juicy, slightly subacid, peculiar pineapple flavor with after nutty effect, rich, distinctive aroma; fair quality; Oct. and Nov.

Stümplerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:190. 1856.

Supposed to have originated on the shores of Lake Constance between Germany and Switzerland. It was first published in 1805. Fruit small, oval, green changing to light yellow, almost covered with cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish, dry, becoming mealy, without much flavor; good for kitchen use; Aug.

Sturges.

Originated with Mrs. Mary S. Sturges, Baker, Ore., about 1905. Fruit medium to large, obtuse-obovate-pyriform; stem short, thick, set in a very shallow, narrow, russeted cavity; calyx small, partly open, set in a shallow but broad basin; color dull green, considerably mottled with patches and flecks of russet; dots small, conspicuous; flesh yellowish, slightly granular, tender, juicy, good; Sept.

Styer. 1. Horticulturist 8:31, 32, fig. 1853.

Originated about 1837 with Charles Styer, White Plain township, Montgomery County, Pa. Fruit medium, globular, green changing to yellow, with many russet dots and markings; flesh yellowish-white, somewhat gritty at the core, buttery, melting; exceedingly rich and perfumed; good; Sept.

Styrian. 1. Jour. Hort. 5:267, fig. 1863.

Beurré Keele Hall. 2. Guide Prat. 87. 1895.

Received in England by the Horticultural Society from M. Bosc of Paris about 1824. Fruit large, long-obovate or pyriform, fairly even and regular in outline; skin even and shining, of a clear lemon-yellow, with a bright vermilion cheek next the sun, appearing as if varnished; flesh yellowish, very fine-grained, tender, buttery, melting and extremely juicy, sweet, brisk and having a fine flavor of vanilla; a first-rate and delicious dessert fruit; Oct.

Sucré-Vert. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:189. Pl. XXXIV. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:677, fig. 1869. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 649. 1884.

Said to have come from Barmont, a chateau situated on the border of Burgundy. It was well known in Paris in 1670. Fruit medium or below, globular-turbinate; skin shining, intense green, dotted with numerous gray and green dots, a little whitened on the shaded side, yellowish when ripe; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, melting, semi-fine, some grit about the center; juice plentiful, sugary, slightly perfumed; excellent but variable; Oct.

Sucrée de Hoyerswerda. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 582. 1857.

Sucré-Vert d’Hoyerswerda. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:679, fig. 1869.

According to Diel this variety was a new pear in the first years of the last century found in the village of Hoyerswerda, Saxony. Fruit always below medium, turbinate-obtuse or globular-ovate, rather irregular; skin a little thick, bright yellow shaded with dull yellow, sprinkled all over with gray-russet dots on the shaded side and greenish-brown dots on the sun-exposed side on which it is also much encrimsoned; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, breaking, watery, granular around the pips; juice sufficient, highly saccharine, acidulous, with an agreeable musky perfume; second; Aug.

Sucrée de Montluçon. 1. Guide Prat. 48, 294. 1895. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 198. 1920.

Found in a hedge at Montluçon, Fr., about 1812, by M. Rochet. Fruit medium, oval-conic, uneven, lemon-yellow; stem medium long, rather short and woody; calyx large, closed, in a narrow, shallow basin; flesh palest yellow, transparent, extremely juicy, well flavored, very delicious; Oct.

Sucrée Blanche. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:191, fig. 96. 1872.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr. It was first published in 1856. Fruit rather large, long-pyriform or sometimes somewhat gourd-shaped; skin rather thick and firm, at first very bright green covered with a light white bloom on which are very small and faint dots, brightening still more at maturity but even in coloring all over the fruit; flesh white, semi-fine, melting; juice sufficient, saccharine, pleasant; good but not rich enough to be first class; Aug. or a little earlier.

Sucrée du Comice. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:680, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 861. 1869.

Raised by the old Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., and first fruited in 1855. Fruit above medium, more or less obtuse, turbinate, irregular, much swelled in its lower half; color golden yellow, entirely sprinkled with reddish dots and generally rayed with fawn around the calyx; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, watery, very granular around the core; second; Sept. and Oct.

Sucrée Van Mons. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:683, fig. 1869.

Brüssler Zuckerbirne. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 114. 1825.

A seedling raised by Van Mons. Fruit medium to large, ovate, irregular, sometimes nearly spherical; skin thick, very bright green, mottled with pale yellow, sprinkled with numerous large, grayish spots, turning a fine lemon-yellow at maturity and rather golden on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, semi-buttery and melting, saccharine, vinous, slightly perfumed; quality variable, due perhaps to differences of soil and climate; second to third; Oct. and Nov.

Sucrée de Zurich. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:684, fig. 1869.

Züricher Zuckerbirne. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 303. 1889.

Of doubtful origin but we may fairly assume it was Switzerland and probably Zurich. Fruit small, turbinate, slightly obtuse or ovate and even in contour, bright greenish-yellow, dotted uniformly with gray-russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, very saccharine, acidulous, with a slight and agreeable scent of cinnamon; second; Sept.

Suet Lea. 1. Cornell Sta. Bul. 332:486. 1913.

An oriental hybrid. Fruit medium to small, apple-shaped to oblong, regular in contour; light yellow, with large, rough, russet dots; flesh greenish-white, deficient in juice, hard and gritty, breaking; poor; late.

Suffolk Thorn. 1. Gard. Chron. 816. 1841. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 649. 1884.

Wilding aus Suffolk. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 298. 1889.

Raised by Andrew Arcedeckene, Clavering Hall, Suffolk, Eng., from seed of Gansel Bergamot. Fruited first about 1841. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, pale lemon-yellow, covered with numerous small dots and irregular patches of pale ashy-gray russet which are most numerous on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, exceedingly melting, buttery and juicy, with a rich, sugary juice, exactly similar in flavor to Gansel Bergamot; first; Oct.

Sugar Top. 1. Mag. Hort. 3:49. 1837.

Said to be a native fruit and is called also July or Harvest Pear. Fruit globular, top-shaped, skin smooth, yellow; flesh juicy, breaking, sweet, with but little flavor; July.

Sülibirne. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 288. 1889. 2. Löschnig Mostbirnen 172, fig. 1913.

A perry pear found in Austria and Germany. Fruit small, globular-pyriform, greenish-yellow, flecked and dotted with russet all over the fruit, frequently somewhat tinted with a brownish blush; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, very acid; Oct.

Sullivan. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:57. 1842.

A seedling sent to this country by Van Mons and named by Manning. Fruit medium, pyriform, smooth green skin, with russet specks; flesh greenish-white, fine-grained, tender, very juicy, pleasant but not highly flavored; second; Sept.

Summer Beurré d’Arenberg. 1. Jour. Hort. 13:315. 1867. 2. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 199. 1920.

Raised by Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, Eng., about 1860 and produced its first fruit in 1863. Fruit rather small, turbinate, even and smooth in outline; skin clear and very thin; flesh very fine throughout, scarcely any core, no trace of grit, melting, yellowish, buttery, tender, very juicy, with a sweet, rich and distinctive flavor; excellent; Sept.

Summer Hasting. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629.

“The Summer Hasting is a little greene peare, of an indifferent good rellish.”

Summer Popperin. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629.

“Both of them are very good dry firme peares somewhat spotted, and brownish on the outside.”

Summer Portugal. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 651. 1884.

Fruit quite small, pyriform, bright grass-green, with a brownish blush on the side next the sun and dotted all over with dark green dots, at maturity becoming clear yellow, with a red cheek; flesh yellowish, tender, breaking, very juicy, sweet and pleasantly flavored; Aug.

Summer Saint Germain. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 347. 1845.

Saint Germain d’Été. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:622, fig. 1869.

Of French origin. Imported to France from Belgium or Holland by Louis Noisette previous to 1830. It is better known in this country and in England as the Summer Saint Germain. Fruit below medium, obovate-pyriform, generally irregular, bright greenish-yellow, dotted with russet on the shaded side and extensively washed with vivid rose on the other cheek where it is sprinkled with gray points; flesh white, fine, soft, semi-melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice sufficient, saccharine, often rather astringent but always full of flavor; second and sometimes third; Sept. and Oct.

Summer Virgalieu. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 864. 1869.

Virgalieu d’été. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:5, fig. 3. 1872.

Origin unknown. Tree moderately vigorous, productive. Fruit roundish, pyriform, yellow, slightly netted and patched with russet, thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem rather long, set in a small cavity; calyx open; segments recurved; basin shallow, uneven; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, slightly vinous; good; Aug.

Superfondanta. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 153. 1841.

Received by Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine, from Italy. Fruit medium, obovate, smooth, pale yellow, marked with a few dots and sometimes marked with russet; flesh white, buttery, melting, very good; Oct.

Suprême Coloma. 1. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 2, 49, fig. 121. 1866-73.

Kopertscher. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 796. 1869.

Count Coloma, Mechlin, Bel., made seed beds in 1786. From these beds came the Suprême Coloma, a fruit of exquisite flavor. Fruit above medium, ovate, shortened, obtuse; skin delicate, olive-yellow, always mottled with greenish-russet and thickly covered with brown dots; flesh whitish, fine, melting, nearly free from grit, very full of saccharine juice, acidulous, with a special perfume of much delicacy; first; Oct.

Surpasse Crassane. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:687, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 652. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons obtained about 1820 in his nursery at Louvain, Bel. Fruit medium, globular or globular-turbinate, flattened at the base, mammillate at the summit; skin dark olive-yellow, much covered with russet and tinted with dark red on the cheek touched by the sun; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, granular around the center; juice abundant, very saccharine, highly perfumed, with an agreeable tartish taste; first; Oct. to Dec.

Surpasse Meuris. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:688, fig. 1869. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 653. 1884.

The Surpasse Meuris was gained by Van Mons at Brussels before 1818. Fruit large, pyriform or turbinate-obtuse, always ventriculated toward the base and generally rather bossed; skin rough, olive-yellow dotted with gray, mottled with fawn and often colored with brown-red on the side next the sun; flesh white, tinged with yellow, semi-fine and semi-melting; juice extremely abundant, very saccharine, tartish and savory; first, sometimes second when the juice is slightly perfumed; Sept.

Surpasse St. Germain. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 198. 1833.

A seedling of Van Mons imported in 1819. Fruit rather large and oblong, rounded at the base and tapering toward the stalk, irregular in outline, green and brown; winter.

Surpasse Virgalieu. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 416, fig. 189. 1845. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:868, fig. 1869.

The origin of this variety is unknown. Andrew Parmentier introduced it from his nursery at Brooklyn under this name about 1800. Fruit rather large, obovate; skin smooth, pale lemon-yellow with a very few minute dots and rarely a little faint red on the sunny side; flesh white, exceedingly fine-grained and buttery, abounding with delicious highly flavored, aromatic juice, differing from that of the Doyenné; first; Oct.

Surprise. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 41. 1916.

Surprise is a valuable blight-resistant variety belonging to Pyrus communis and promises to make a blight-resistant stock on which to top-work commercial varieties.

Süsse Margarethenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:53. 1856.

Germany; first published in 1833. Fruit medium, pyriform, light yellow, often, blushed with light red and thickly dotted; flesh semi-melting, granular, sweet, agreeably cinnamon-flavored; second for dessert, good for household and market; Aug.

Süsse Sommerlahnbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:52. 1856.

German; published in 1805. Fruit fairly large, variable in form, ovate, often conic and ventriculous-pyriform, sides rather unequal, dull greenish-yellow turning to a fine citron-yellow, without any blush but russeted on the side next the sun, indistinct dots; flesh not juicy, saccharine, with flavor of black currant; second for dessert, very good for kitchen use and market; Aug.

Suwanee. 1. Griffing Bros. Cat. 13, fig. 1909.

Originated in southern Georgia and introduced by Griffing Brothers Company in 1909. Fruit large, oblong, tapering towards both ends, blunt; skin tough, dark golden-russet over a yellow ground, with a slight tinge of red; flesh white, crisp, tender; good.

Suzanne. 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 3:129, fig. 161. 1878.

Received by Oberdieck from Van Mons without a name. Fruit rather small, ovate, short and ventriculous, symmetrical in contour with its greatest diameter about the center; skin delicate, bright green, sprinkled with extremely numerous small brown spots, changing to pale yellow, golden on the side next the sun or sometimes touched with red; flesh white, tinted with yellow, very fine, buttery, melting, sufficiently juicy, saccharine and delicately perfumed; good; Sept.

Suzette de Bavay. 1. Pom. France 2:No. 80, Pl. 80. 1863. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 865. 1869.

Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., obtained this long-season pear. It fruited first in 1843. Fruit small or medium, globular, generally mammillate at the top; skin rough, pale yellow, dotted with greenish-brown and speckled with russet and reddish stains; flesh white, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, juicy, almost free from grit; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, more or less perfumed with anis; Jan. to Apr.

Swan Egg. 1. Langley Pomona 132, Pl. LXIV. 1729.

An English variety recommended by Lindley as suitable in the Highlands of Scotland. Fruit medium, globular-ovate; skin smooth, yellowish-green on the shaded side and clear brownish-red on the cheek exposed to the sun and covered with pale brown-russet; flesh yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, with a sweet and piquant flavor and musky aroma; good; Oct.

Sweater. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629.

“The Sweater is somewhat like the Windsor, for colour and bigeness but nothing neare of so good a taste.”

Sylvie de Malzine. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Anvers, Bel. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit medium, globular; flesh rather fine, melting, recalling the Beurré d’Angleterre by its flavor; Nov. and Dec.

Taglioretti. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:73, fig. 517. 1881.

Tree bell-shaped, pyramidal; leaves bluish-green and dull, characteristically folded; stipules remarkably short. Fruit medium in size, ovoid, short, broad, resembling the Bergamotte d’Été and the Vallée Franche; skin rather firm, bright lemon-yellow to golden; dots conspicuous; calyx medium, open; basin narrow, rather deep; flesh white, medium fine, medium breaking, juicy; good; Aug.

Takasaki. 1. Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 49, 54. 1892.

Exhibited by P. J. Berckmans at the Georgia State Horticultural Society Meeting in 1892. Said to be a Japanese pear.

Talmadge. 1. Horticulturist 25:125. 1870.

Northford Seckel 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 123. 1881.

Originated in the garden of Levi Talmadge at Northford, Conn., as a chance seedling of Seckel. Tree hardy and vigorous, with spreading head, very symmetrical, attaining double the size of the Seckel, very productive. Fruit larger and more uniform than Seckel, almost identical in form, with the same russet ground, slightly less ruddy coloring; flesh white, juicy, melting; inferior to Seckel; ripens with Seckel.

Tardive d’Ellezelles. 1. Guide Prat. 111. 1876.

Probably originated in Belgium. Fruit large, grayish-green, pleasantly aromatic; heat resistant; Apr. and May.

Tardive Garin. 1. Guide Prat. 111. 1876.

Tree very vigorous and very productive. Fruit large, roundish, grayish-yellow; flesh medium, melting, juicy, sweet; May and June.

Tardive de Mons. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 331. 1866. 2. Ibid. 654. 1884.

Fruit medium in size, oblong-obovate, even and regularly formed; skin uniformly yellow, orange tinge next the sun; dots large and russet; calyx large, open; stem rather slender, obliquely inserted without depression; flesh white, tender, buttery, melting, very juicy, rich, sugary; rated as an “excellent pear;” Nov.

Tardive de Montauban. 1. Guide Prat. 107. 1876.

Tree very productive. Fruit medium to small, rather long, reddish on the sunny side; flesh fine, yellow, sweet, medium melting; first; very late.

Tardive de Solesne. 1. Guide Prat. 100. 1895.

Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit large to very large; flesh breaking, very sweet; first; Jan. and Feb.

Tatnall Harvest. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:424. 1853.

The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society rated specimens of this variety submitted to it by Thomas Hancock, Burlington, N. J., as “scarcely good.”

Tavernier de Boulogne. 1. Field Pear Cult. 283. 1858. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:696, fig. 1869.

Found in 1836 by M. Tavernier in a woods near Trelaze, Fr. Tree scraggly, productive, a good orchard tree. Fruit medium to above, longish-conic, greenish-yellow; flesh white, firm; of first quality for cooking; late spring and early summer.

Taylor. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 112. 1852. 2. U. S. D. A. Pat. Off. Rpt. 282. 1853.

Mr. Merriweather, Charlottesville, Va., is credited with having originated this pear, although it may have come from France about 1780. Tree vigorous, young wood olive; productive; fruit medium, roundish-oblate; skin light green, mottled with dark green; stalk rather long, fleshy at its termination in a very slight depression; calyx very small, set in a wide, superficial basin; flesh fine in texture, buttery; flavor vinous, with a delicate vanilla aroma; very good; Nov. to Feb.

Taynton Squash. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 654. 1884.

Squash. 2. Thacher Am. Orch. 191. 1822.

An old pear which originated in Gloucestershire, Eng., previous to the year 1805 and which is widely known as a remarkably fine perry pear much grown in Herefordshire. It is early, tender of flesh, and “if it drops ripe from the tree it bursts from the fall, whence probably the name.” Fruit medium to below, turbinate, dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side and dull brownish-red next the sun, covered with rough, russet dots; calyx open; stem slender; flesh white, with a brisk, sweet flavor.

Tea. 1. Mag. Hort. 16:154. 1850. 2. Ibid. 20:466, fig. 22. 1854.

Mrs. Ezra Merchant, Milford, Conn., found seed from which this pear was raised in a pound of tea which she purchased, hence the name. Similar to White Doyenné, if not identical with it. Tree vigorous, with bright yellow wood and deep green foliage. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyramidal, with often a suture on one side, yellowish-green becoming blushed in the sun; stem short, stout, fleshy at the base; calyx open; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, vinous; very good to best; Sept.

Templiers. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:697, fig. 1869.

The place of origin is uncertain but the time is at least prior to 1838. Fruit large, short-turbinate, dull yellow, spotted with ashy gray; of first quality for cooking, beginning of Sept.

Tepka. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 24, fig. 1913.

A perry pear common to lower Styria, Carniola, and the maritime regions of Austria. Fruit Bergamot-shape, pale green becoming yellowish-green; calyx large, open, star-shape; stem brown, medium short, often bent; flesh juicy, sprightly; rots at the core and keeps poorly in storage; Sept.

Test. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1920.

Reported by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., as “A large pear, being four inches long by two and one-half across. In form much like Bartlett and in quality more like Le Conte, but far better and far more prolific than either. Ripens four weeks later than Le Conte. When canned is firm and white and fully equal to or better than Bartlett.”

Tettenhall. 1. Gard. Chron. 733. 1841.

“This pear, supposed only to flourish in the parish of Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton, though a very profuse bearer, has fruit almost worthless; but as a forest tree it is remarkable for its beauty, far surpassing in size, shape and masses of deep green foliage any other Pear-tree I ever saw.”

Teutsche Augustbirne. 1. Christ Handb. 563. 1817. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:51. 1856.

Reported from the regions of Thuringia, Hesse, and Württemberg about 1799. Fruit medium in size, oblong-oval, bright yellow, dotted, thick-skinned; calyx star-shape; stem fleshy; flesh breaking, sweet; fair, a good commercial variety; Aug.

Texas. 1. Ragan Fr. Recom. by Am. Pom. Soc., B. P. I. Bul. 151:41. 1909.

This is a whitish-yellow, medium-large, pyriform pear of good quality, at one time considered promising along the Gulf Coast; said to have originated in Texas.

The Dean. 1. J. Van Lindley Cat. 34. 1899.

“A very large pear that has been bearing regularly near Oak Ridge, Guilford County, N. C., for more than 40 years. In appearance it resembles both Bartlett and Duchesse [d’Angoulême], and is as large as Duchesse and better in quality. Ripens between Bartlett and Duchesse, making a very valuable pear and of good quality.”

Theilersbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:195. 1856. 2. Löschnig Mostbirnen 174, fig. 1913.

A perry pear said to have appeared in Switzerland about 1848 as a wilding. Tree spreading, large, vigorous, strong, productive. Fruit small, ovate, yellowish-green becoming yellow, dotted strongly with russet; calyx open; stem medium long; flesh dull white, juicy, piquant, without aroma.

Theodor Körner. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:126. 1856.

A seedling raised by Van Mons of Belgium about 1851. Tree rather vigorous, an early and good bearer. Fruit medium to above, conic, greenish-yellow; calyx star-shaped; segments long; flesh melting, juicy, vinous; first; Sept.

Theodore. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:16. 1856.

According to Dochnahl this pear may have originated in Belgium about 1833. Fruit medium large, 2 inches wide and 2½ inches long, smooth, bright yellow, sunny side washed with red; dots numerous; sweet, vinous; last of Aug.

Theodore Van Mons. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 164, 234. 1854. 2. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:29, fig. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons in 1827. Tree vigorous, pyramidal, productive. Fruit medium to above, obovate-pyriform to oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, russeted; dots gray-green, numerous; stem curved, about an inch long; cavity slight; calyx open; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, juicy, melting, vinous; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

Theodore Williams. 1. Stark Bros. Year Book 5:40. 1914.

A seedling of Kieffer raised by Theodore Williams, and introduced by Stark Brothers Nurseries & Orchard Company about 1914. Tree hardy, is reported to have stood a temperature of 40 degrees below zero without injury. Fruit medium, yellowish-green, sweet, juicy.

Théophile Lacroix. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 290. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 50. 1895.

Tree productive and of good vigor. Fruit large to very large, pyriform, similar to the type of Beurré Diel, deep yellow, plentifully spotted and marbled with cinnamon-red; flesh yellowish, fine, juicy, with an aroma suggestive of orange, a little gritty about the core; first; Dec. and Jan.

Thérèse. 1. Guide Prat. 111. 1876.

Fruit rather large, Bergamot-shape, yellowish-green; flesh very melting, delicately aromatic; first; Oct.

Thérèse Appert. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:699, fig. 1869. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 2d App. 136, fig. 1872.

First fruited in 1861 from seed of Beurré Clairgeau by André Leroy, Angers, Fr. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium, oblong, turbinate, yellowish-orange, washed with vermilion; stem short, a trifle inclined; cavity small; calyx open; basin shallow; flesh whitish-yellow, very juicy, very sweet, aromatic; very good; Sept.

Theveriner Butterbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:125. 1856.

Said to have originated in France about 1852. Fruit medium large, turbinate, bright green becoming greenish-yellow, somewhat clouded and striped with red, covered with russet; calyx star-shaped; stem thick, one inch long; seeds mostly abortive; flesh yellowish, sweet, vinous; Oct.

Thibaut Butterbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:126. 1856.

According to Dochnahl this is a seedling from Van Mons which originated in Belgium in 1851. Fruit medium large, turbinate, irregular and ill-shapen, bright green becoming yellowish-green, with gray dots, and spotted with russet; skin thin; calyx small, erect; stem slender, 2 inches long, fleshy at the base; core and seeds small; sweet, aromatic; very good; Oct.

Thick Stalked Pear. 1. Mawe-Abercrombie Univ. Gard. Bot. 1778.

Mentioned in the reference cited as a minor variety of winter pear having a very large, roundish fruit.

Thimothée. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 7:181, fig. 574. 1881.

This variety was raised from seed by M. Pariset, a seedsman of Ain, Fr., about 1852. Tree rather vigorous, upright, symmetrical. Fruit medium, roundish-pyriform, regular, greenish becoming pale yellow; calyx almost closed; stem very short, rather stout; flesh whitish, very fine, very melting, subacid, refreshing; good; Nov. and Dec.

Thompson (Eng.). 1. Mag. Hort. 8:64. 1842. 2. Pom. France 4:156, Pl. 156. 1867.

Said to be a seedling of Van Mons originated about 1819. R. Manning, Salem, Mass., received cions in 1841. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, obovate, lemon-yellow, russeted around the stem; stem short; almost no cavity; calyx medium, open, slightly depressed in a small basin; segments often united; flesh whitish-yellow, buttery, juicy; flavor rich, sugary, aromatic; seeds large, long; Oct.

Thompson (N. H.). 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 198. 1833. 2. Mag. Hort. 3:51. 1837.

Originated on the farm of Judge Thompson, Portsmouth, N. H. Fruit medium to below, turbinate, quite russeted; “esteemed for its extraordinary productiveness and long keeping” by those in the vicinity of its origin but regarded by R. Manning, Salem, Mass., as “unfit for cultivation.”

Thooris. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:27, fig. 1858. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 868. 1869.

This Belgian pear fruited for the first time in 1854 in the garden of the Society Van Mons. Fruit medium to below, round ovoid to oval, or Bergamot-shape; skin yellow, shaded and striped with grayish-red. Alexander Bivort gives, “flesh yellowish-white, half fine, melting; juice abundant, sugary, and with an agreeable perfume ... of first quality,” whereas Downing says, “flesh white, coarse, dry, sweet, and poor ... unworthy of cultivation.” Sept.

Thuerlinckx. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 553. 1857.

Beurré Thuerlinckx. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 529. 1884.

This pear was found in 1848 upon an estate purchased by M. Thuerlinckx, Mechlin, Bel. It is said to be a very large, coarse, showy pear of long-obovate shape, with a somewhat tender and juicy flesh but without any aroma, and very soon becoming mealy; Oct. to Dec.

Thurston Red. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 655. 1884.

Hogg says, “a new Herefordshire perry pear of some repute.” Fruit small, turbinate, even in outline, greenish-yellow, with a thin red cheek and a large patch of thin, pale-brown russet, especially around the calyx; calyx small and open; stem an inch and a quarter long, slender; cavity none; flesh yellow.

Tiffin. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 289. 1893.

Originated with Henry Loose, Tiffin, O. Fruit described as large, broad-ovate, smooth, greenish-yellow; dots numerous, brown; stem medium long, slender, curved, inserted with no depression; basin wide, russeted; calyx small, open; skin thin; core large; seeds large, plump, brown; flesh white, buttery, subacid; good; Oct.

Tigrée de Janvier. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:141, fig. 71. 1872.

Raised by L. J. Berckmans from seed produced by Major Espéren and obtained by the former after the latter’s death. Tree vigorous, rather slender. Fruit small to below medium, ovoid-pyriform, yellowish; stem long; flesh yellow, medium fine, melting, very juicy, vinous; not of the most beautiful appearance yet of the highest flavor; Dec. and Jan.

Tillington. 1. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. 4:521. 1822. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 868. 1869.

Exhibited by Thomas Andrew Knight before the London Horticultural Society in 1820 as “a Seedling Pear raised from a seed of the Autumn Bergamot impregnated with the pollen of the Jargonelle.” Tree hardy, productive. Fruit medium, short-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with light brown russet dots; stalk short; calyx open; flesh yellowish, tender, buttery, melting, not juicy, vinous, aromatic; good; Oct.

Timpling. 1. Buckman Fruit Var. in Ex. Orch. 6. 1901.

Included in the list of varieties in the experimental orchard of Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Ill. Mr. Buckman reports that it was from Ludwig Hencke, Collinsville, and that he received it in 1893. Mr. Hencke brought the Timpling with him from Germany. According to Mr. Buckman the tree is rather free from blight, moderately productive, and still in good shape at the age of 27 years. Fruit medium; good quality and color.

Tindall Swan Egg. 1. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. 6:396. 1826.

Specimens of a new variety of Swan Egg pear were sent to the meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1824 by George and William Tindall, Beverley, Yorkshire, Eng. “It is larger and browner than the Common Swan’s Egg, and equal to it in flavor. It keeps well till the end of January, and sometimes later.”

Tollbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 214, fig. 1913.

A very productive perry pear of Europe with fruit notable because of its beautiful color. Tree vigorous, upright. Fruit medium, round-obovate, very uniform; skin tough, smooth, glossy, green changing to yellow, side next the sun blushed with bright carmine and dotted heavily with brown-russet dots, russeted at top and bottom; calyx small, open; stem medium long, slender; flesh almost white, juicy, tart; mid-Oct. to Dec.

Tolstoy. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1920.

Originated by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. D., from Clapp Favorite x Pyrus ovoidea, and introduced by him in 1919.

Tom Strange. 1. Buckman Fruit Var. in Ex. Orch. 6. 1901.

This variety is found in the experimental orchard at Farmingdale, Ill., of Benjamin Buckman, who writes: “The ‘Tom Strange’ pear is a small local variety received from a person of that name, not worthy of disseminating under a name and had better be dropped.”

Tonkovietka. 1. Mont. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 53. 1882.

Limbertwig. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 321. 1885.

Thintwig. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 59. 1887.

One of the Russian pears imported by Prof. J. L. Budd from Dr. Regel, Petrograd, Russia, about 1879 and known by the Iowa Agricultural College under the numbers 513 and 14 m. Chas. Gibb, Abbottsford, Can., says this is the hardiest pear tree which bears edible fruit of which he knows. The name means slender stalk. Tree hardy, fine, productive. Fruit medium, conical, yellow, with red on the sunny side; flesh porous; ripens beginning of Aug. and keeps until Sept.; commendable for commercial orchards.

Tonneau. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:237, Pl. LVIII, fig. 5. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 656. 1884.

Fassbirne. 3. Christ Handb. 564. 1817.

This large cooking pear has been confused by Leroy and others with Uvedale St. Germain, but Hogg and Mas agree that the two are quite distinct. The French word tonneau and the German word fass are both translated “cask,” a term which describes the shape of this pear very well. Tree vigorous; shoots upright; leaves pubescent, light green, young leaves yellowish-green. Fruit very large, oblong-ovate or cask-shaped; skin clear yellow; calyx large, open; basin deep, wide; stalk an inch long, straight, woody; cavity deep, irregular; flesh very white, rather dry; flavor brisk; more an ornament than a dessert fruit; Nov. to Feb.

Toronto Belle. 1. Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt. 82. 1882.

“We tested the fruit late in December and found it in grand condition; in quality it is equal to Beurré Bosc, and almost identical in form and color. The tree is a slow grower but a heavy and regular bearer. It is without doubt the finest winter pear we know of, opening, as it does, a new era in the quality of winter pears.”

Totten Seedling. 1. Mag. Hort. 14:109. 1848. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 868. 1869.

Raised by Col. Totten, New Haven, Conn. Tree vigorous. Fruit small to medium, roundish-pyriform to obovate, pale yellow, slightly tinged with red in the sun; stalk long; calyx open; flesh white, sweet, perfumed; Sept. and Oct.

Tournay d’Hiver. 1. Guide Prat. 111. 1876.

Tree vigorous and productive, upright. Fruit large to very large, broadly turbinate; flesh buttery, melting, fine, vinous; first; Jan. and Feb.

Tout-il-faut. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:107, fig. 54. 1872.

One of Van Mons’ seedlings. The pear does not possess all the qualities that the name indicates. Tree hardy, productive, of medium vigor, early bearing. Fruit medium, regular, conic-pyriform, yellowish-green mostly covered by a brilliant crimson, very beautiful; flesh white, tender, sweet, rather juicy, agreeably aromatic; mid-Aug.

Träublesbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:194. 1856. 2. Löschnig Mostbirnen 140, fig. 68. 1913.

This perry pear, named Träublesbirne because of the racemose or bunch-like manner in which the fruit develops, is said to have had its origin in Württemberg about 1830. Tree rather vigorous, broad-pyramidal, scantily foliaged, thrifty, early bearing, productive. Fruit long-pyriform to oval, somewhat blunt at the base, greenish, russeted at both base and apex; dots fine; calyx open; stem long; flesh white, juicy; good; Oct.

Tressorier Lesacher. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 290. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 101. 1895.

Tree of moderate vigor, very fertile. Fruit medium, resembling White Doyenné; flesh very fine; of highest quality; Oct.

Trinkebirne. 1. Christ Handb. 518, 562. 1817. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:14. 1856.

Originated in Saxony, Ger., about 1802. Twigs thick and long, heavily dotted; buds small; leaves round. Fruit medium, large, conical, yellowish, somewhat blushed, very juicy; good; last of Sept.

Triomphe de Jodoigne. 1. Mag. Hort. 14:112. 1848. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:706, fig. 1869. 3. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fr. 200. 1920.

Raised by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1830. Fruit large, oval-pyriform, tapering markedly toward stem, uneven, green becoming lemon-yellow; calyx small, open, in a small, uneven basin; stem rather long, stout, woody, fleshy at insertion; flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, half-melting, sweet; good to very good; Oct.

Triomphe de Louvain. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 154. 1841. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:880, fig. 1889.

Originated by Van Mons about 1820. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, rather rough, greenish-yellow, mostly covered with dull russet, many brown russet dots; stem rather short, stout; calyx large, open; flesh whitish, coarse, not juicy, sweet; good; Sept.

Triomphe de Touraine. 1. Guide Prat. 104. 1895.

From the name, one infers that this variety originated near Touraine, Fr. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit large to very large, green, reddish on the side next the sun, clear yellow at maturity; flesh firm, fine, juicy, sweet, similar in taste to Duchesse d’Angoulême but of better quality; Nov.

Triomphe de Tournai. 1. Gard. Chron. 20:760, fig. 139. 1883. 2. Rev. Hort. 512, fig. 1905.

M. Daras de Naghin, Tournai, Bel., originated this fruit from seed produced in 1868. The Pomological Committee of Tournai after testing it in 1882 and 1883 unanimously awarded its raiser a bronze medal. Tree vigorous and productive, pyramidal, upright. Fruit medium, turbinate to long-pyriform, symmetrical, uniformly green becoming yellow, faintly pitted; stem short, stout; calyx medium, open; basin shallow; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet; good to very good; Jan. and Feb.

Triomphe de Vienne. 1. Can. Hort. 11:261. 1888. 2. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 446, fig. 1904.

Triumph. 3. Can. Hort. 25:442, fig. 1902.

Raised in 1864 by M. Jean Colland, Vienne, Fr., and first distributed in 1874, this pear has been the recipient of several awards of merit. Tree vigorous, heavy-cropper, pyramidal. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform, rather irregular, greenish-yellow, with russet patches, often blushed with red; calyx open; core small; seeds usually imperfect; flesh white, melting, juicy; flavor rich, sweet, spicy; very good; Sept. and early Oct.

Trompetenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde. 2:140. 1856.

Poire Trompette. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:97, fig. 49. 1872.

Diel obtained this variety at Schaumburg, Westphalia, but it appears to have originated at Nassau, Prussia. Published in 1805. Fruit medium, pyriform-conic, often irregular in form and uneven on the surface; skin rather thick and firm, light green changing to light yellow, covered with numerous small, round, brown spots and on the side next the sun blushed with wine-red; flesh whitish, semi-melting, granular; juice sufficient in quantity, very vinous but a little too astringent; third for dessert, first for household; Oct.

Troppauer Goldgelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:41. 1856.

Troppauer Muskateller. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 291. 1889.

Said to have originated about 1851 in Troppau, Silesia, Austria. Fruit medium large, roundish, regular, bright yellow, frequently strongly russeted, flecked and dotted with brown; stem thin, medium long; flesh coarse, very sweet and somewhat musky; Aug.

Truchsess. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:20. 1856.

Dochnahl credits this pear with having originated from seed in Dietz on the Lahn River, Ger., about 1826. Tree large and very fruitful; twigs long, glabrous; lenticels long; leaves ovate, entire. Fruit produced in clusters, medium large, roundish-ovate, bright green becoming yellowish, frequently russeted, strongly dotted; Nov.

Truckhill Bergamot. 1. Mag. Hort. 11:327. 1845. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 869. 1869.

Probably of English origin. Fruit medium or above, roundish-oblate, yellow with crimson and fawn in the sun, sprinkled with gray and green dots; stalk rather short; cavity deep; calyx open; basin deep, abrupt, uneven; flesh half-melting, somewhat coarse and gritty, moderately juicy; good; Sept. and Oct.

Tsar. 1. Can. Hort. 17:293. 1894.

This is a Russian variety and may be synonymous with Czar and Tsarskaya. It has been grown successfully in the Russian Province of Tambow, 53° north latitude. Tree very firm and wonderfully productive, pyramidal. Fruit moderate in size, conical, yellow, red on the sunny side; flesh soft, mellow, agreeable; flavor mild; Aug. and Sept.

Tudor. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 157. 1867.

Said to be a seedling of Fulton and to resemble it very closely. Fruit peculiarly shaped, russeted; stem short; flesh melting, juicy; first; Sept. and Oct.

Turban. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 1:121, fig. 61. 1872.

A beautiful early pear the origin of which is unknown. Tree vigorous, dependably productive, hardy, late in coming into bearing. Fruit medium in size, spherical-turbinate, green becoming pale yellow, covered with brown around base and apex; dots very large, dark green; calyx small; stem characteristically very short and very thick; flesh white, streaked with yellow, very fine, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; Aug.

Türkische müskirte Sommerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:19. 1856.

The origin of this pear is ascribed to the Orient about the year 1832. Tree vigorous and productive; twigs glabrous; buds long and pointed. Fruit medium large, bulging, blunt, roundish, solid yellowish-green, sprinkled with russet; dots fine and bright-brown; calyx usually closed; stem woody, medium long; seeds numerous; flesh buttery; quality of the best; Sept.

Turnep. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629.

“The Turnep pear is a hard winter peare, not so good to eat rawe, as it is to bake.”

Twice flowering Pear-tree. 1. Mawe-Abercrombie Univ. Gard. Bot. 1778.

“It often produces blossom twice a year, the first in the spring, and the second in autumn, so is preserved in many gardens as a curiosity.” Classified as an autumn pear.

Tyler. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 5. 1843. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 869. 1869.

Probably one of Gov. Edwards’ seedlings which originated at New Haven, Conn., about 1840. Tree moderately vigorous; young wood reddish-yellow-brown. Fruit below medium, roundish-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched and dotted with russet; stem long, slender, in a moderate cavity, surrounded by russet; calyx open; basin shallow and uneven; flesh white, coarse, granular, buttery, melting, juicy, brisk, vinous; fair to good; Oct.

Ulatis. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 135. 1920.

A seedling of Bartlett originated by R. E. Burton, Vacaville, Cal., and introduced in 1916. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellow; flesh white, fine, sweet; good; Sept.

Unterlaibacher Mostbirne. 1. Löschnig Mostbirnen 142, fig. 69. 1913.

This perry pear is a native of Carniola and probably gets its name from the city of Laibach in that region. Tree of moderate growth, upright, tall, with strong wood, a late and alternate bearer, long-lived. Fruit round, large, greenish-yellow, russeted about the calyx end, finely dotted; calyx open, wide; basin shallow; stem short, thick, brownish-yellow, set at an angle; flesh yellowish-green, granular; Oct.

Upper Crust. 1. Horticulturist 4:276. 1849. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 870. 1869.

A seedling introduced by Col. Wm. Sumner, Pomaria, S. C., in 1849. Tree pyramidal, with “switchey” limbs and gray bark. Fruit below medium, roundish, green, covered with distinct, irregular, russet patches; stalk rather short, stout; cavity broad, shallow; calyx large, open; flesh granular, not juicy, rots at core; poor; Aug.

Ursula. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:7. 1856. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 872. 1869.

Said to have originated in Belgium about 1826. Tree vigorous and very productive; twigs green, thickly dotted; buds small, long; leaves ovoid. Fruit below medium to above, oblong-acute-pyriform, yellowish mostly covered with golden-russet; stem long, curved; calyx open; basin shallow; flesh white, juicy, melting; good to very good; late Aug.

Uwchlan. 1. Horticulturist 6:35, fig. 3. 1856. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 2:714, fig. 1869.

Originated on the premises of Widow Dowlin, near the Brandywine, in Uwchlan Township, Pa. It fruited first in 1851. Tree of good growth, productive, pyramidal. Fruit below medium, roundish, inclining to obovate, pale whitish-yellow, shaded, mottled and dotted with crimson, and thickly covered with conspicuous brown dots; stem curved, inclined; cavity shallow, sometimes lipped; calyx partially closed; basin abrupt, large, deep; flesh white, very juicy, very sweet, melting, aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

Valentine. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 872. 1869.

Said to have originated on Long Island. Fruit above medium, oblong-acute-pyriform, pale yellowish-green, tinge of red in the sun; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Aug.

Vallée Franche. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:74. 1768. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 658. 1884.

Poire de Vallée. 3. Mas Le Verger 2:113, fig. 55. 1866-73.

A pear of ancient and unknown origin. It was grown in France in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Tree very large, exceedingly vigorous, very hardy, a regular bearer. Fruit medium or below, obovate or obtuse-pyriform, smooth, shining yellowish-green, sprinkled with small russet dots; flesh white, breaking, medium fine, very juicy, sweet, slightly musky; well reported from the Old World but as “unworthy of cultivation” from the New; last of Aug.

Valley. 1. Brookshaw Hort. Reposit. 2:185, Pl. XCVII, fig. 2. 1823.

Possibly of English origin. Fruit oval or lemon-shape, yellow, strewn with fine dots; skin thick; flesh soft, buttery; flavor very pleasant; mid-Aug.

Van Assche. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 55. 1852. 2. Horticulturist 3:60, fig., front. 1853.

Van Assene. 3. Mag. Hort. 8:58. 1842. 4. Ibid. 13:60, fig. 4. 1847.

M. Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., originated this pear about 1828. M. Manning received cions of the variety from Van Mons in 1835 under the name Van Assene, and this has led to incorrect statements in America that Van Assche is a seedling of Van Mons and should be called Van Assene. Tree productive, vigorous, erect, an early bearer. Fruit rather large, roundish-obovate-pyriform, pale yellow, covered with rather large russet specks; stem long, slender, curved; cavity medium deep; calyx closed; basin abrupt, deep flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; Sept.

Van Buren. 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 5. 1843. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 873. 1869.

A cooking pear raised from seed by Governor Edwards of New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, yellow, with a rich orange-red blush next the sun, regularly dotted with conspicuous brownish specks; flesh white, crisp, sweet; Oct.

Van Deventer. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 873. 1869.

Originated in New Jersey. Tree very vigorous, very productive, an early bearer. Fruit rather small, oblong-ovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, shaded with brownish-red in the sun, with many gray and green dots; stem inclined, inserted by a lip and sometimes rings; calyx partially closed; basin shallow; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, half-melting, sweet, pleasant, good; mid-Aug.

Van Marum. 1. Pom. France 3:No. 125, Pl. 125. 1865. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 873. 1869.

Calebasse Grosse. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 541. 1884.

Originated by Van Mons in 1823. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit very large, sometimes measuring six inches long, oblong-pyriform, yellow; stem rather long, slender; cavity flattened; calyx large; basin shallow, regular; flesh white, apt to rot at the core, half-melting, not especially juicy, sweet, aromatic; fair to good; Oct.

Van Mons frühe Pomeranzenbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:159. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons about 1852. Fruit broadly turbinate, light green becoming yellow, thickly dotted, specked with russet; stem thick, one inch long; flesh half-melting; second-rate in quality; Aug.

Van Mons Sommer Schmalzbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:142. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons of Belgium about 1852, from seed. Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit medium large, 2 inches wide, 3½ inches high, with protuberances, light green becoming greenish-yellow, without red, spotted with russet; calyx open, star-shaped; stem curved, medium long; flesh fine, moderately melting; last of Aug.

Van Mons späte Wirthschaftbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:187. 1856.

Said to be a seedling of Van Mons originated about 1854. Twigs long, red; leaves small. Fruit oval, 2¾ inches wide, 3½ inches high, with the bulge in the middle, green becoming yellowish-green; dots black; calyx almost closed; segments erect; stem woody, 1 inch long; flesh breaking, sweet; last of Nov.

Van Mons süsse Haushaltsbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:182. 1856.

Said to have been originated by Van Mons about 1852. Fruit conic-pyriform, 2½ inches wide, 3 inches tall, bright green becoming lemon-yellow, sometimes striped with red, more or less flecked with russet; dots not conspicuous; basin shallow; stem thick, ¾ inch long, inclined; flesh yellowish-white, fine, smooth, sweet; Sept. and Oct.

Van Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 2:89. 1856.

Sucré de Tertolen. 2. Mas Le Verger 3:Pt. 1, 129, fig. 63. 1868.

Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 289. 1889.

Of Dutch origin. Tree light green; petioles long and very slender; leaves curved and sharply acuminate. Fruit nearly medium, globular-turbinate; skin rather thick, green, with large brown spots; flesh white, granular, buttery, rather gritty around the core, acidulous, perfumed; first; Nov.

Van de Weyer Bates. 1. Mag. Hort. 18:417. 1852. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 5:71, fig. 324. 1880.

Said to have been originated by Van Mons about 1823. Tree vigorous, large, rather tall, an early and good bearer. Fruit below medium; roundish-obovate, pale yellow, covered with small brown dots and a few brown veins; stem short, rather stout; calyx large, open; flesh yellowish, buttery, juicy, rich, sugary, pleasantly aromatic; a fine late pear; Mar. to May.

Vanderveer. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 1:156. 1831.

Originated from seed of White Doyenné with Dr. Adrian Vanderveer of Long Island, and was named after the originator by William Prince. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit medium, yellow, with a tinge of russet; flesh melting, buttery; Sept.