APPENDIX II. VOCABULARIES OF KI-ČAGA, KI-GWENO, AND KI-TAVEITA.

For explanation of Orthography, see the preceding remarks on pp. 476, 477.

The number affixed to a substantive indicates the prefix class to which it belongs, and shows how its plural may be formed. Unusual or irregular plurals are given.

Nouns.

English. Ki-čaga. Ki-gweno, &c. Ki-taveita.

Air Mbého, 9; Otanu, 11 (Ki-kambambewo, 9)

Animal Nyama Nyama, 9 Nyama, 9.

Ant Mbome, 9; Safu, 9 Safu, 9; Maciči, 6.

Anus Dako, 9; Kisi, 7 Itako, 5.

Ape (baboon) Ifubi, 5 Iregēń, 5.

Arm Mkoṅo, 3; Kuoko, 15 Kuwoko, 15 Mukono, 3.

Arrow Mfi, 3 Mwasa, 3.

Aunt Msaǰa, 1 Mudnēdu, 1.

Axe Soka, 5 Isoka, 5.

Back Muhoṅgo, 3 Mwoṅgo, 3.

Banana (fruit) Ikundu, 5 Niru’u, 5 Idiō, 5.

„ (tree) (Ki-teke, River Congo; nku, 9) Nginda, 9.

Baobab Mku, 3.

Basket Mwera, 3 Kitaṅgo, 7.

Bat Ikoro, 5 Ngoṅgolo, 9.

Beads Mukazi, 3.

Beard Ṅgerero, 9 (Ki-kamba; Kiṅgelwa, 7) Kōlo, 9?

Bed Nčoiṅ, 9 (Masai, Ol-ǰoni) Niwai, 9.

Bee Nǰuki, 9 Nzuki, 9 Nyoki, 9.

Bell Kimaṅga, 7 Manga? Kisumanze, 7.

Bellows Mfo, 3 Nkumfura, 9.

Belly Ndeu, 9 (Ki-kamba, Ivu, 5) Kinena, 7.

Bird Ndehe, 9 Ndege, 9 Ndege, 9.

Blood Msamu, 3 Sakame, 9.

Body Nyimbi, mbi, 9 Mbi, 9 Mwuri, 3.

Bone Nifuo, 5 (Ki-kamba, Iwindi, 5) Niwindi, 5.

Book Nčole, 9

Bottom Wanda, 16 Nisi, 9.

Bow Wuda, 14 Wura, 14 Wuta, 14.

Boy Mana, 1 Mwana, Kume, 1.

Brains Orongo, Nyorongo, 11 (Ki-kamba, Yongo, 11) Wongo, 14.

Brass Moro, 3

522Breast (female) Ma-wehe, 6, pl.

„ (male) Mbafu, 9 Mbafui, 9.

Brother Mana-wama, 1 (son of mother) Mdu.

Ndeho 9 (obsolete)

Buffalo Mbogo, 9 (Ki-kamba, Mboo, 9) Mboγo, 9.

Butter Mafuda, 6 Mafuta, 6.

Butterfly Mfugo, 3 Mbambarito, 9.

Buttocks Madako, 6 Mbweča, 9

Cat Nkite, 7 Munyawi, 1.

Chair Kitembo, 7 (Ki-kamba, Kitumbi, 7) Kičumbi, 7.

Cheek Ṅgundu, 9; pl. 6 Itumbo, 5.

Chief Maṅge, 1 (Ki-taita, Mgosi, 1) Mfumu, 1.

(Zulu, Iṅkosi, 1) Mgosi, 1.

Child Mtutu, 1 Mwana, 1 Mwana mdongo, 1.

Chin Ngeru, 9; pl. 6 Kireǰu, 7.

Circumcision Nyifuto, 5 Kutawanwa, 15.

Civet-cat Nyaha, 5 (Ki-swahili, Ṅgawa, 9)

Cloth Ṅguwo, 9 Nsori, 9 Ṅguo, 6.

Cloud Mtuna, 3 Izua, 5.

Cock Oluṅôni, 11 Ṅguruwi, 9.

Cold Mbeho, 9 Mbeho, 9.

Copper Kera, 9

Corpse Afa (he dies), 1 Afwa (he is dead).

Country Wanda, 16 Ntere, 9.

Cow Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 (Ki-taita, Ṅgoma, 9; Zulu, Inkomo, 9) Ṅombe, 9.

Crab Inje, 5 Kidaṅgoe, 7.

Crocodile Kinyaṅ, 7 (Masai, Ôl-ginyaṅ) Kinyaṅ, 7.

Crow Iguru, 5 (Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, 9) Ikuru, 5.

Day Nyimo, 5; pl. Mumo. 6 Mfiri, 3 Zwale-muka?

Dawn Ṅgameni, 9 Heabu, 16.

Death Akomeka, 1 Čičafoiči (relative, the thing which is dead?)

Devil Asuko, 1 Luhuṅgu, 11; pl. 10.

Dog Mbara, 9 Kite, 7; (Ki-kamba, Ṅgite, 7) Kibaru (also Jackal).

Donkey Ndsoi, 9 (Lu-ganda, Ndogoi) Nǰoe, 9.

Door Mwoṅgo, 3 Nimbenge, 5.

Dream Nyalodia, 5 Waota (? They dream).

Drum Mtiṅgo, 3 Ṅgoma, 9.

Dwarf Agu’ana, 1 Mfuhi, 1.

Eagle Imaruea, 5

Ear Kudu, 15 Isikio, 5.

Egg Liboro, 5 Igi, 5.

Elbow Okokuo, 11 (Lu-ganda, Lukokola, 11) Ikokora, 5.

Elephant Ndofu, 9; pl. 6 Nzobu, 9.

Eunuch Mavumi, 1 Acigo-makedi.

Evil Kibicu, 7 Kiwiwi, 7.

Excrement Marifi, 6 Mavi, 6.

Eye Riso, 5 Riso, 5 Jiso, 5.

„ lid Mbawa, 9

„ brow Nyinyili, 5

Face Kiamu, 7 Nibušo, 5.

523Fat Mafuda, 6 Mafuta, 5.

Father Baba, 1 Mpapa, 1.

Fear Owu, 11 Nifoli, 5.

Feather Mberi, 9

Finger Kimunu, 7 Munyu, 3 (Ki-kamba, Čaa, Ki-nyika, Čala) Ibiča, 5.

Fire Môdo, 3 Môto, 3.

Fish Ikuṅga, 5 (Ki-kamba, Kuyu, 7) Ṅguluma, 9.

Flower Kivaro, 7 Kiwaro, 7.

Food Nyirafuna, 5 Nikijo, 5.

Fool Kitondo, 7; Mtondo, 1 Ewukwa, 1; 3rd. pers. verb.

Foot Nyawayo, 9; Nutufü, 11 Niwatu, 9.

Foreskin Ibutu, 5 Ṅgigwala, 9.

Forest Msudu, 3 Ṅkititu, 7.

Fowl Ṅguku, 9 Ṅguku, 9 Ṅguku, 9.

Fox Nzudu, 9. (This is the name given to a wild dog which barks loudly; probably Canis simensis.)

Friend Mbuia, 9 and 1 Mbuia, 9 and 1.

Frog Ṅgeli, 9 Ndunda, 9.

Fruit Mfuranˇe, 3

Gazelle Sarulía. (This is the name often given to Neotragus Kirkii.)

Ghost Ṅgilio, 9; pl. 6

Giraffe Nyôli, 9 Ndea, 9.

Girl Mgogo, 1 Munumuče, 1.

Glass Kimele, 7

Goat Mburi, 9 Mburi, 9 Mbuǰi, 9.

God Eruwa, 5 (vide Sun) Ruwa, 5 Nizuwa, 5.

Grass Mara, 6 Mani, 6.

Grave Karika, 13

Ground Wanda, 16 Ntere, 9.

Guinea-fowl Iraṅa, 5 Ṅgelélé, 9.

Gum (of teeth) Išino, 5

Gun Walebolo, 14;

Ṅgebolebolo, 9 Ṅkipolopolo, 7.

„ powder Baruti (Swahili-Arabic, Baruti) Baruti.

Hair Ndzui, Nǰi, 9 Nzui, 9 Nyui, 9.

Half Ukeṅga, 14 Kihindi, 7.

Hand Mkono, 3; pl. Mawoko, 6, irreg. Kuwoko, 15 Niganza, 5.

Hawk Nyokoro, 11 (Ki-kamba, Kilui, 7) Kilwi, 7.

Head Mudo, 3 Murue, 3 Mutwe, 3.

Heart Ṅgōō, 9 (Ki-taita, Ṅgolo, 9) Ṅgoro, 9.

Heaven Mabuži, 6 Ndēē, 9.

Heel Utufo, 14; Nyutufo, 11 Ntutunyi, 9.

Hill Ibiči, 5 Ṅduwi, 9.

Hippopotamus Ṅgerre, 9 Ṅgerere, 9 Ṅgerere, 9.

Hoe Ikumbi, 5 (Lu-gauda, Ṅkumbi, 9) Ṅkwima, 9.

Honey Wuki, 14 Nzoki, 9.

Horn Membe, 9? Luhembe, 11; pl. Mbembe.

524House Numba, 9 Nyumba, 9 Nyumba, 9.

Hunger Nǰāā, 9 Nzāā, 9.

Hyena Ifulu, 5 (Kongo, Mbulu, 9) Nibao, 5.

Hyrax Kimburu, 7

Ichneumon Muha, 1

Insect Idudu, 5 Mukarakara, 1.

Iron Maringa, 6 Menya, 9?

Island Nrua, 9 (Ki-taita, Kinwa, 7) Ndiwa, 9.

Ivory Mahēho, 6 Idyegu la Nzobu, 5.

Knee Nyindru, nyindi, 9 (Ki-nyika, Vuindi, 9) Ikunguru, 5.

Knife Kiošo, 7 Kahandi, 13.

Language Matetu, 6 Nakuwara? (I am speaking).

Leg Mbuṅga, 9 Kurende, 15 Nikūū, 5.

Leopard Iruṅ, Irumu, 5 Mlula, 1 Lukeri, 11.

Lion Simba, 9 Simba, 9 Simba, 9.

Lip Momo, 3? Momō, 9.

Lizard (Chameleon) Sigabo, 9 or 5.

Lugwe, 11.

Magic Aluo, 1 (wizard?); Usawi, 14 Usawi, 14 Wuγaṅga, 14.

Maize Mahemba, 6 Mahemba, 6.

Man (homo) Mundu, 1 Mdu, 1; pl. Wandu. Mundu.

(vir) Msoro, 1

Market Mboma, 9 Kičinda, 7.

Meat Nyama, 9 Nyama, 9.

Milk Mačuručuru, 6; malela, 6 Mariwa, 6 Mawee, mawere, 6.

Monkey Kinaṅgoyo, 7 Ṅgima, 9 Ṅgima, 9.

(Colobus guereza) Ndoh’o, 9; pi. mandoh’o, 6 Ṅgo, 9.

Moon Mwere, 3 Mwzi, 3.

Morning and morrow Ṅgameni, 9 Heabu, 16.

Mother Wama, 1; pl. same Iya, 9; pl. Niwaya, 10.

Mountain Msari, 3 Ndui, 9.

Mouth Lumbu, 5; pl. malumbu, 6 Momo, 9.

Nail (finger and toe) Nučaa, 11; pl. nǰaa, 10 Lukombwe, 11; pl. ṅgombwe, 10.

Name Rina, 5 Nizina, 5.

Navel Ṅkimbumbuču, 7 Mkudu, 9.

Neck Nzingo, 9 Nisingo, 9; nigoši, 9.

Needle Sindano, 9 Luγumba, 11.

Night Kwaela, 15; mema, 9; kiu, 9 (Ki-taita, Kiru, 9) Hekiu, 16; Wiu, 14.

Nose Mbua, 9 Mbua, 9 Nifuo, 9.

Old person Mēgu, 9 Muγosi, 1.

Ostrich Nyah’a, 9 Nyaγa, 9.

Ox Ṅombe, 9; Mbe, 9 Ṅumbi, 9 Ṅombe, 9.

Peace Mbuïa-tzimo, 1 (one friend)

Penis Mbolu, 9; Mkia, 3 Mčunu Nǰabo, 9 (vide Masai).

Pig Ṅguwe, 9 Ṅgūwe, 9.

Pigeon Mbeta, 9 Nibeta, 5.

Pipe Išaṅgo, 5 Lumoti, 11.

Place Wanda, wandra, wandu, 16 Handu, 16 Handu, 16.

525Porcupine Nyisasa, 5 (Ki-taita, Isasa, 5) Nzege, 9.

Potatoes Ṅgumba, 9 Ṅgumba, 9.

(sweet)

Prostitute Msura, 1 (Ki-swahili, Sura = concubine)

Quietness Mbuho, 9

Rain Mvuo, 9 Mvua, 9.

Rat Ṅgyah’a, 9 Ṅgoswe, 9.

Rhinoceros Mbura, 9 (Lu-ganda, Ṅkula, 9) Mburia, 9.

River Mfoṅgo, 3 (Zulu, Mfula 3) Mfuro, 3.

Road Nǰila, 9 Nzia, 9.

Roof Mčalo, 3; Ndiṅgo, 9

Saliva Mada, 6 Mate, 6.

Sand Nteri, 9

Semen Uro, 14

Shadow Nteru, 9 (Ki-nyika, Kivuli) Kiwuri, 7.

Sheep Coōndi, 7; pl. Šiondi. Mondo, 9 Ṅonǰe, 9.

Shield Ṅgawo Ṅgao, 9.

Sickness Awabiu, 1

Sister Mšigiogo, 1

Skin Ncoiń, 9 (vide Masai) Kikonde, 7.

Sky Erua, 5 Waṅga-izeri, 14.

Slave Nyišinga, 5 (vide Masai)

Sleep Alā, 1 Kušinzia, 15.

Small-pox Mašigi, 6 Nišiko, 5.

Smith Ṅgaṅga, 9 Mšana, 1.

Smoke Muzu, 3 Mtzi, 3 Moši, 3.

Snake Nǰoka, 9 Nyoka, 9.

Snuff Mbatu Tumbatu-ninwe.

Son Kimana, 7 (13?); Mpaka, 9 Mwana, 1.

Song Aimba, 1 (he sings)

Soul Ṅgôro, 9.

Spear Mbere, 9 (vide Masai) Nifumo, 5 Ničumo, 5.

Speech Kafo, 13

Spider Mbuhu, 9 Mburazizi, 9.

Spirit Usawi, ? 14 Ṅgoma, 9.

Star Nyenyeri, 9 (Ki-nyika, Nyenyesi, 9); Ki-taita, Ndonde, 9 Ndondo, 9.

Stick Kiri, 7 Nisibo, 5.

Stomach Maula, 6 Matumbo, 6.

Stone Nyiho, 5 Nibabwe, 5.

Sugar-cane Nyihuwa, 5 (Ki-taita, Mugera, 3) Nimugua, 5.

Sun Erūa, 5 Ruwa, 5 Nizua, 5.

Sweat Nǰuki, 9 Masuṅgu, 6.

Sweet potato Kiašanda, 7

Sword Ošu, 11 Muhandi, 3.

Syphilis Mbuwa, 9

Tail Mwasi, pl. Ṅgasi, 9 and 10 Kitizi, 7.

Tale Irigia, 5 Luγano, 11.

Tear Afuha (verb); Mčeṅgeri, 3 Masoǰi, 6.

Testicles Mbolu-tašimba, 9 Mbumba, 9; makedi, 6.

Thief Aiwa, 1; Ilaṅgo, 5 Mdu wa hiwa, 1.

Thigh Nikisowu, 5 Nikiγa, 9.

526Thing Kindu, 7 Kindu, 7 Kindu, 7.

Thorn Muša, 3 Nimuowa, 9.

Thread Nyuruso, 11 Luzigi, 11.

Throat Nyoro, 9 (Ki-taita, Iraṅgi, 5) Muraṅgi, 3.

Thumb Munu-mnene, 3; Nohi, 11 Kiča, 7.

Thunder Ṅgururuma, 9 Mvua-ruruma, 9.

Tobacco Mbatu, 9 Tumbatu, 9.

To-day Lalu, 9 Nio, 9.

Toe Ṅkimnyo, 7 Kiča, 7.

To-morrow Ṅgama, 9 Niawo, 9.

Tongue Noilimi, 11 Nuilimi, 11; pl. Malutimi, 6 Nilumi, 5.

Tooth Nihēho, 5 Niyē’o, 5 Niǰēgo, 5.

Town Kānie, 13?; Muri, 3 Mwaṅga, 3.

Tree Muri, 3 Muri, 3 Muti, 3.

Trench Mfo, 3 Nitego, 5.

Tribe (Ki-taita, Mbari, 9) Mbare.

Trumpet Nyombe, 9 Ndurere, 9.

Truth Sorindi, 9; Ṅga-leh’a (verb, 1st pers.) Kakudidi, 13.

Twin Mbasa, 9 (Ki-nyika, Patsa, 9) Maza.

Ulcer Nyodi, 5 Kionda, 7.

Uncle Migi, 1 Mdu-aweya, 1 (Mother’s brother). Mdu-awapa, 1 (Father’s brother).

Urine Maǰi, 6 Makozo, 6

Vagina Mbula, 9; Kinu, 9 Nirako, 5 Kiši, 7

Valley Mbǰini, 9 Kongo, 9

Virgin Muka, 1. (This is the translation given by the natives, although in both cases it merely means woman. They have no precise term for virginity.) Mbora, 1

Voice Afua (verb) Nigonda, 5.

Vulture Mtoń, 1 (Ki-kamba, Ndei, 9) Ndei, 9.

War Ṅgondu, 9 (Ki-nyiki, Ṅgondu, 9) Ṅgondo, 9.

Water Mariṅga, 6 (Kongo, Nlaṅgu, 9, 4) Mlaṅai, 3; Mbombe, 9.

Week Ṅgikumi, 7 (ten days) Misi Mfuṅgate, 4 (seven days).

Widow Ṅgaviani.

Wife Mwanawaka, 1 Mče, 1.

Mbora, 1

Wind Ndimu, 9; Mbeko, 9 Ṅguṅgu, 9.

Wing Nikuṅgu, 5 Ṅizaγu, 5.

Witch Aloa, 1 Msawi, 1.

Witchcraft Usawi, 14 Usawi, 14 Usawi, 14.

Wizard Aloa, 1 Msawi, 1.

Woman Mbora, 1 Mka, 1 Mče, 1.

Id.: remaining unmarried—old maid Muhumba, 1 Ndasa, 9.

527Wood Lukuni, 11.

Word Iteta, 5 Nakuwara (I speak).

Year Mwaka, 3 Nisika, 5.

Yesterday Alā-kiu (he sleeps at night) Niwu, 9.

Zebra Nitiko, 5 (vide Masai) Nitiko, 5 Lutiko, 11 (vide Masai).

Numerals.

1 Kimo, -mo^[87] Umuē, -ume Moši, -muezo.

2 Šivi. -bi, -vi, -wi Wawi, -wi Mere, -ere.

3 -raro Raro, -raro Ndatu, -tatu.

4 -nna Ne, -ne -inne.

5 -tano Tano, -tano -sano.

6 -ndaru Randaro -tandatu.

7 Fuṅgare Fuṅgate Mfuṅgate.

8 Nyanya -nana -nane.

9 Nikenda Kenda Kenda.

10 Kumi Nikumi Kumi.

11 Kumi na kimo Nikumi na umuē Kumi na kimuezo.

12, &c. „ na šivi, &c. „ „ wawi Kumi na viwi, &c.

20 Makumi gawi Ṅakumi awi Makumi mere.

21, &c. „ na kimo, &c. „ na umuē, &c. „ na kimuezo, &c.

30 Makumi gararo Makumi araro Makumi matutu.

40 „ ganna „ ana Maku’manne.

50 „ gatano „ atano Makumi asano.

60 „ garandaru „ arandaro „ atandatu.

70 „ mfuṅgare „ mfuṅgare „ fuṅgate.

80 „ nyanya „ anana „ anane.

90 „ kenda „ kenda „ kenda.

100 Ṅgama Niγana Niγana.

1000 Lule Kangi kumi Iraγana kumi.

½ Ukeṅga, 14 Kihindi, 7.

¼ Nututo, 11; Kenga, 10 Vihindi, 8.

Adjectives.

All -ose (wose, yose, tzose, gose, &c., according to concord) -oše -ose (wose, yose, ǰose &c., according to concord).

Bad -bi, -biču -wiwi.

Beautiful -ča (vide Good) -wedi (vide Good).

Bitter Ṅgawawa -wawa.

Black -rusa (Ki-nyika, nyiru) -ǰiru.

Blind Meso gafa (lit. eyes dead) Emaǰi-kimeso.

Blue -rusa, -rusu -ṅgoniṅgoni.

Bold Auko-marima Tena-foli (he has no fear).

Broad Ṅgirinǰi -arame.

Castrated Ifutu? Tena-makede.

528Cheap Nga-m-lemba (I cheat him)

Clean Yačia -azera.

Clever, cunning Nyaṅana -čēē.

Dead -fa -fwa.

Deaf Maru-afa (ears dead)

Dear Yabičuo

Drunken Anaṅgo Eṅge; Aeṅgeya.

Dry Nyosa (Ki-taita, Oma) Haoma (refers to class 16).

Dumb Nyaši -guguma.

Every Ilibana (verbal form) Killa.

Fat Nyaṅana muno -ebandi.

Female -ka -če.

Few -tutu -doṅgu.

Fierce -senge -ekahe.

Filthy -hōyo -enaikwe.

Fine (narrow, delicate) -suse -zeri.

Foreign -wanǰa -geni.

Free -huǰi.

Fresh (raw) -hiēvo -bise.

Gentle -ṅgula

Good -ča -wedi.

Great -ṅaneǰi; aṅana -baha.

Green Maranǰa -bisi.

Handsome -ačia -wedi.

Happy -huri Aṅara.

Hard -mumu-mumu -šini; -dindie.

Having, possessing -enye -enye.

Healthy Megu? -dindie.

Heavy -gunǰa -eme.

High -sali -eza.

Hot Mfoiha -nwe; Moto.

Idle -kiwa -doko.

Jealous Nya-eṅa

Left (hand) Kumoso Kumoso.

Little -boma -doṅgo.

Long -leše -weza.

Mad -suko; nya-suko -ewukwa.

Male -soro; Mbuṅga -ume.

Many -iṅgi -iṅgi.

Mean -ehē -edindie.

Naked Ntondo (simplicity) -ehotuho.

Narrow -sari -sisiri.

New Nzaru -ša.

Old -kū -asakāā.

Open -ruwo

Other Nyumu -ṅgi.

Plenty Ntamu

Poor -roko -kiwa.

Quick -ṅgula

Quiet -rarere; Tzirarere -hoye.

Raw -bisi -bisi.

Red Ṅare-ṅare; nya-rera (copper-coloured)

529Rich Nǰamu -fumwa (to be chief).

Right (hand) Kulyo Kume (lit., “male”).

Ripe Nyenyele; -lali -wibwa.

Rotten -biču

Same -hiana -fwanane.

Short -šimba -fuhi.

Sick -goro -ewaǰua.

Sour -wawa -čikie.

Strong -laṅa -ečēē.

Sweet -čora -enona.

Thick -šimba -ebandie; Wuruti.

Thin -suse -sisiri.

Weak -ṅgula

Weary -čoka -remwa.

White -bô^[88]; Pia -dyewa.

Young -gogo. -doṅgo.

Pronouns.

I Nyinyi; nǰi-, ṅg- (Ki-gweno, Nyi-, Ninyi) Mi, n-.

Thou Šiowo; wu-, u- Wu- Uwe, u-, wu-.

He, she, &c. Yiowu; a- Iye, e-.

We Lukeria; lu- Uswi, tu-.

You ? Mu- Unwi, mu-.

They Awa; wa- Wawo, wa-.

Me -n-, -ni- -ni-.

Thee -ku- -ku-, -kw-.

Him -m-, -mu- -m-, -mu-.

Us -lu- -tu-.

You -mu- -m-, -mu-.

Them -wa- -wa-.

Mine -ako -aṅgu.

Thine -fu -ako.

His -akwe; -nola? -akwe.

Our -aru, -ru -etu.

Your -nyi -enyu.

Their -wo -awo.

(For Demonstratives, &c., see Tables of Concords.)

Who? Ṅkiča Niani?

Whom -iki-? -ani-?

What? Kiki? Kini?

Whose? -ile? -kweni?

(For which, &c., vide Tables of Concords.)

530

Verbs.^[89]

Able (be) -weza -idima (vide Masai).

Adorn -čia -areha.

Adultery (commit) -rumka -šinda.

Agree -gundana -kundana.

Angry (be) -waloana -regidya.

Answer -gambia ṅgile.

Arrive -wara -fika.

Ask -gunda -budyanye.

Awake -gura, -ra (Ki-kamba, -amuka) -wuka.

Bake (pottery) -gora -wumba.

Bark -aboha.

Bathe -samba -oγa.

Be -ba -wa.

Beat -kapa -biga.

Begin -čiu -hira.

Believe -enǰa.

Bewitch -loga, -loa (Ki-taita, Ku-loga) -oga.

Bite -nyaši, -mari -nyuma.

Blow -nyaϑa -nifuta.

Boil -ndua -nǰmoa.

Born (be) -aša

Break -funǰa -bā.

Breathe -elo -hema.

Breed -ganumba -moγa.

Bring -wikia (Ki-swahili, -lete) -ete.

Build -šiṅga -ǰenga.

Burn -numbaha -aša.

Burst -anduka

Bury -ruo

Buy -ndeūla, -ka -zora.

Call -alaγa -itaṅge.

Can -weza -idima (vide Masai).

Carry -rika -tikie.

Carve (sculpture) -pačaneča -soṅgoa.

Castrate -arino -čua.

Catch -kamara (Ki-swahili, -kamata; Ki-nyika, -kuira) -gura.

Change -busuo

Chase -lasa -matuka, -asa.

Cheat -lemba -kenga.

Choose -rua (Ki-kamba, -nuva; Ki-taita, -sagula) -sawura.

Circumcise -arino? -tawanwa (pass.).

Clean -pačaneča -oǰa.

Climb -aro -kwea.

Come -ǰa -za (nzo, imp.).

Cook -kora -ruγa.

Copulate -lamba; -paro (for the first time) -tomba.

531Cough -karuo -mbaǰa.

Cover -fiṅgia; -funuo -ǰiwa.

Crack -abarika -baǰika.

Cross -fumaho -kela.

Cry -alaha; afūa -iyia.

Curse -ruma

Cut -wehaho -tema.

Dance -šina (Kongo, -kina) -toroka.

Destroy -tiča -kašina.

Die -fa; -komeka (vanish) -fwa.

Dig -selūo; -rema (hoe) (Swahili, -lima) -fora.

Do -wuta -areha.

Dream -loria -ota.

Drink -nyuwa -nwa.

Dye -sanǰa

Eat -la, -lya -la.

Enter -henda (to go?) -iṅgia.

Erect -lyika, -kura (obscene) -somia, -dondoša (obscene).

Fall -aho -gwa.

Fatten -ṅana -banda.

Fear -awo -sikia foli.

Feel -wareware (touch) -guragura.

Fight -wahana -bigana.

Finish -iča -hira.

Fly -runduka -buruka.

Follow -ratera.

Forbid -suo, -aleha -asua.

Forget -aharima -iwa.

Get -wara -wona.

Give -neka, -pa (Zulu, -nika; Ki-kamba, -nenga); -iṅga.

Go -henda, -tonga (Ki-gweno, γenda) -tonga.

Grow -aro (climb?) -mbaha.

Hang (a thing) -anonoka

„ a man -seṅgelela

Hate -suo?

Have -kere na (“sit with” = possess)

Heal -ačia -hoa.

Hear -ranya -sikia.

Help -loša.

Hide -rika -visa.

Hit -kapa -biga.

Hoe -rema -ima.

Hold -anduho -nagura.

Hunt -alasa; -henda alasa -rā́tere.

Ill (be) -luo -waǰua.

Jump -runduka (fly) -toroka.

Keep -suruma -gure.

Kill -waha -koma

Know -manya (Lu-ganda, -manyi; Ki-swahili, -jua) -tisiwa.

Laugh -seka -seka.

Leave -šiγa.

Lick -gombaho -sona.

Lift -raho -meγwa.

532Like -kunda, -wesa -kundie.

Look -mbuya -iyuwa.

Lose -reta -teka.

Love -kunda -kundineso.

Make -oka -areh’a.

Marry -riča -owa.

Meet -gumhanana -torana.

Menstruate -čora -mčarua.

Milk -kama -kama.

Mix -sanǰa -ruṅganya.

Obey -bahe

Open -fuṅguo -nd’ugüa.

Pass -raïa -wetia.

Plant -awaïa -handa.

Pregnant (be) -wurô -me.

Prick -roǰa -tuṅga.

Pull -ruarua -uta, -nd’yuta.

Push -tindiga -šindik’a.

Put -wekaho -wikia.

Putrefy -wira; -nyara -woa.

Quarrel -loëa -regid’a.

Rain -kaba -biγa.

Return -ča -nduki.

Run -riǰa -matuka.

Say -hamba, gamba -tete.

See -wona -wona.

Seek -nyinyina -enda.

Seize -ruo -gura.

Sell -leria -ntaγa.

Send -kuneka; -neka -tuma.

Sew -fuma -čuma.

Shake -sikasika -hira.

Shave -ora -enǰa.

Shoot -ruita -asa.

Show -ambuïa -onia.

Shut -fuṅga -fiṅga.

Sing -uimba -wina.

Sit -ramia -ikaa.

Skin -tana -sinza.

Sleep -lala -nšinžia.

Smell (active) -rumšia -nuša.

„ (neuter) -nuka -nyuka.

Smile -šinika -kišiniko.

Smoke -ifia

Sow seeds -wirawira -handa.

Steal -iwa -iwa.

Swallow -mera -meia.

Swear -alanyamu -sua?

Take -ruo -anha.

Talk -wesa -teta.

Taste -nunsa

Tear -randu -badika

Tell -wesa -ura.

Think -larere -regid’i?

Thirst -ṅga

Throw -kumba -taga.

Tie -fuṅga -nčuṅga.

533Tire -lemo -remwa.

Touch -angasaho; -wareware -činda.

Tremble -arerema -dedema.

Understand -rikia -sikia.

Urinate -hama -kosoa.

Vanish -komeka (Ki-nyika, komeka, to vanish, die.)

Vomit -arēga -detaëka.

Walk -henda mbuho -tonga kusela.

Want -kunda -kunda.

Wash -sanǰa -odia.

Wear -raë -doka.

Weave -oga

Weep -afua -eïa.

Whisper -weweria -weweda.

Whistle -murori -biga mrosi.

Wish -kunda -kunda.

Write -reh’a -tama.

Yawn -lya mwaë -biga miaïo.

Some Tenses of the Verb in Ki-čaga and Ki-taveita.

(The pronominal particle attached to the verb is in italics.)

Ku-neka, To give. Ku-tonga, To go.

Present. Present.

Sing. 1 pers. Ṅga. } neka, I give. Sing. 1 pers. Ni-hu-ni-toṅga, I am going.

Nǰi } neka, I give.

„ 2 „ Wu-neka, Thou givest. „ 2 „ U-k’-u-toṅga, Thou art going.

„ 3 „ A-neka, He gives. „ 3 „ E-kw-e-toṅga, He is going.

Plur. 1 „ Lu-neka, We give. Plur. 1 „ Tu-ku-tu-toṅga, We are going.

„ 2 „ Mu-neka, You give. „ 2 „ Mu-ku-mu-toṅga, You are going.

„ 3 „ Wa-neka, They give. „ 3 „ Wa-ku-wa-toṅga, They are going.

Past (Imperfect). (This a curious affirmative form of the present in common use; the true simple present has become the past.)

Sing. 1 pers. Li-ka-nǰi-neka, I was giving.

„ 2 „ Li-ka-wu-neka, Thou wast giving.

&c. &c.

Past (Perfect). Past (Perfect).

Sing. 1 pers. Ṅǰi-li-neka, I gave. Sing. 1 pers. Na-toṅga, I went.

„ 2 „ Wu-toṅga, Thou went.

„ 3 „ E-toṅga, He went.

&c. &c. &c. &c.

Future. Future.

Sing. 1 pers. Ṅga-ku-neka, I shall give. Sing. 1 pers. Na-ku-toṅga, I shall go.

&c. &c. &c. &c.

Imperative. Imperative.

Sing. 2 pers. Neka, Give thou. Sing. 2 pers. Toṅga, Go thou.

Plur. 2 „ Nekani, Give ye. Plur. 2 „ Tongani, Go ye.

534I cannot ascertain the subjunctive (if there is any), nor am I able to make out some of the more complicated tenses of the verb. It seems to me that both in Ki-čaga and Ki-taveita—as in Ki-swahili and some other North-eastern Bantu tongues—the verbal forms have undergone considerable degradation and obliteration, just as happens in our own English tongue. There is no trace of that mode of forming the preterite tense by a true inflection, which may be observed in the majority of existing Bantu languages, and which was certainly present in the mother-speech.

The negative is formed (in connection with the verb) by incorporating certain particles with the pronominal prefixes. These together form the following mode of expressing negation:—

Ki-čaga. Ki-taveita.

Sing. 1 pers. Si-neka, I give not. Sing. 1 pers. Si-toṅga-mi, I go not.

„ 2 „ ^[90] Hu-neka, Thou givest not. „ 2 „ Tu-toṅga-we, Thou goest not.

„ 3 „ Ha-neka, He gives not. „ 3 „ Te-toṅga-e, He goes not.

Plur. 1 pers. Halu-neka, We give not. Plur. 1 „ Tetu-toṅga-´swi, We go not.

„ 2 „ Ham’-neka, You give not. „ 2 „ Tem´-toṅga-´nwi, You go not.

„ 3 „ Hawa-neka, They give not. „ 3 „ Tewa-toṅga-´wo, They go not.

(In Ki-taveita the negation is always emphasized by repeating after the verb the full forms of the personal pronoun, such as: mi, ´we, ´nwi, ´swi, &c. Si-tonga-mi would literally be “I am not going, I!” in the sense of the French, “Je ne vais pas, moi!”)

A very emphatic negative adverb in Ki-čaga is Ôte, “no, certainly no,” “not at all.”

Among the adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions are:—

Ki-čaga. Ki-taveita.

Na, and, with. Na, and, with.

Ku, to. Ku, to.

Wa, on. Ha, on.

Kwa, for, in order. Kwa, for, in order.

-a (wa, ya, za, la, &c., according to concord), of. -a (wa, ya, kia, ǰa, la, &c., according to concord), of.

Wala, but. Ela, but.

Gana, or.

Kiki? why? Kini? why?

Neku? Ako? where? Kahe? where?

535