Part 2 — INDEX
Reading edition
A
Acompañados (“Lords of the Night”), 364
Ages of Mexican cosmogony, 37 ff.; sequence of the, 38 ff.
Amalgamation, processes of, in Mexican religion, 21–6, 32
Animal gods, 17
Annals, native Mexican, 7
Annals of Quauhtitlan, or Codex Chimalpopocâ, 7, 53
Arrow sacrifice, 217
Atemoztli festival, 251
Atempan (“Place of Death”), 164
Atlaua, a deity, 263 ff.; aspect and insignia, 263–4; nature and status, 264
Atonatiuh (“Water-sun”), a period in Mexican cosmogony, 38
Aztecâ, the, 3
B
“Battle of Flowers,” 161
Bibliography of Mexican Religion, 374–80
Bird-gods, 18
C
Camaxtli, a deity, 313 ff.; aspect and insignia, 313; myth of, 313–14
Cannibalism, ceremonial, 215
Ce itzcuintli, festival of, 277
Cereal-gods, 12
Chalchihuitl, a precious stone, 26
Chalchihuitlicue, a water-goddess, 52, 256 ff.; aspect and insignia, 257–9; myths of, 259–60; festivals of, 260; priesthood of, 260; nature and status, 260–2
Chalchiutotolin, the turkey, 111 (note)
Chantico, a goddess, 180, 280 ff.; aspect and insignia, 280–1; myths of, 281–2; festival of, 282; temple and priesthood of, 282; nature and status of, 282–3
Chicaunaztli (“Rain-rattle”), 189
Chichimecs, a Nahua tribe of the steppes, 4, 9
Chicomecoatl, a maize-goddess, 153, 164–5; aspect and insignia, 170; myths of, 170–1; festivals of, 171–2; priesthood of, 172–3; temples of, 173; nature and status of, 173–4
Chicomecoatl iteopan (“Temple of Chicomecoatl”), 173
Chicunaui itzcuintli, the festival of, 282
Cinteotl, a maize-god, 162, 163, 164; aspect and insignia of, 174; myths of, 175–6; festivals of, 176–7; temples of, 177; priesthood of, 177–8; nature and status of, 179
Cipactli, the earth-monster, 13
Ciuacoatl, a goddess. Aspect and insignia, 179–80; myths of, 180–2; temples of, 182; nature and status of, 182–3
Ciuapipiltin. See Ciuateteô
Ciuateteô, deified dead women, 168, 176, 388 ff.; aspect and insignia, 353–5; myths of, 355; nature and status, 355–8
Ciuatlampa, Region of the West, 60
Coatlicue, a goddess, colossal figure of, 14; as a primitive fetish, 16, 73 ff., 154; in general, 183 ff.; aspect and insignia, 183; statues of, 183–5; myth of, 185; festival of, 185–6; nature and status of, 186–7
Codex Borgia group, place of origin of, 6
Codex Chimalpopocâ. See Annals of Quauhtitlan
Codices, or native paintings, 5–7; Interpretative, 8; place of origin, 6; illustrations in, 65 (note); bibliography of, 380–3
Cosmogony, 36–64
Coxcox, fallacy of myth concerning, 53–4
Coyolxauhqui, a goddess, 74, 77, 78, 79, 185, 324; aspect and insignia, 324; myths of, 324; nature and status, 324
Creation myths, 36–64; common basis of, 51–2
Creative gods, 12, 36–7, 146 ff.
Cuesteca, Huaxtec priests of goddess Tlazolteotl, 166, 167
D
Day-gods, 362–3
Deer, the two-headed, 181
Deluge, myths of the, 52 ff.
E
Earth, gods of the, 153 ff.; their relations to one another, 154–6
Earth, the, as a monster, 13
Earth-mother, the, 13–14; equated with the earth-dragon, 14; Tonacaciuatl as, 151
Ecatonatiuh (“Wind-sun”), a period in Mexican cosmogony, 38
Elements of growth, deification of the, 13
Etzalqualitztli, the festival of, 249–51
F
Festivals. See Tonalamatl
“Fetish” origin of certain Mexican deities, 16 ff.
Fire-gods, 268 ff.
Flaying of victims after sacrifice, 162
G
Glossary of Mexican words, 382–3
Gods of Mexico, classified, 12; fall of the, 55–7; regional, 59; method of treatment of, in this work, 65; of rain and moisture, 234 ff.; of fire, 268 ff.; of octli or pulque, 285 ff.; as represented by the heavenly bodies, 300 ff.; of death, 327 ff.; of the days, 362–3; of the weeks, 363; of creation, 146 ff.; the greater gods, 65 ff.; of the earth and growth, 153 ff.; variants of the, 336 ff.; the minor, 344 ff.
Grain, deification of the, 14–15
Gucumatz, Quiche name of Quetzalcoatl, q.v.
H
Heavens, supporters of the, 60; the Aztec, 61
Historia de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas, 48–51
Homeyoca, abode of the creators, 62
Hurakan, Quiche name of Tezcatlipocâ, 138–9
I
Ilamatecutli, a goddess, 229; aspect and insignia, 229–30; myths of, 230; festivals of, 230–2; nature and status of, 232–3
Interpretative Codices, 8
Itzlacoliuhqui-ixquimilli, a deity, 337
Itzpapalotl, a goddess, 223; aspect and insignia, 223–5; myths of, 225–6; nature and status of, 277–8
Itztli, 336–7
Ixcuiname, a group of goddesses, 159–60
Ixnextli, a goddess, 190
Ixtlilton, a deity, 349 ff.; aspect and insignia, 350–1; nature and status, 351–2
Izcalli, the festival of, 275
Iztac Mixcoatl, a deity, 312 ff.; aspect and insignia, 312–13
K
Kukulkan, Maya name of Quetzalcoatl, 133 ff.
L
Lords of the Night, 364
M
Macuiltochtli, an octli-god, 297; aspect and insignia, 298; nature and status of, 298
Macuilxochitl-Xochipilli, a deity, 178, 196; aspect and insignia, 196–7, 198–9; statues of, 197–8, 199–200; myth of, 200–1; festival of, 201–2; nature and status of, 202–3
Matlalcuêyê, a goddess, 191, 265; aspect and insignia, 265–6; nature and status, 266
Mayauel, a goddess, 175, 294 ff.; aspect and insignia, 295–6; myths of, 296–7; nature and status of, 297
Medicine, Patecatl, the god of, 292 ff.
Metztli, the Moon-god, 308 ff.; aspect and insignia, 308–9; myths of, 309; nature and status of,309–10
Mexican races, history of, 2–4; subject to the Aztecâ, 3–4
Mexican religion, type of, 1–2; antiquity of, 4–5; literature of, 5–8; origins of, 8–10; opposing forces in, 9, 10; at the period of the Conquest, 9–10; evidences of primitive influences in, 10 ff.; animism in, 16; cultural elements in, 122
Mictecaciuatl, 331 ff.; aspect and insignia, 331–2; nature and status, 332
Mictlampa, Region of the Dead, 60, 63–4
Mictlantecutli, god of the dead, 63, 64, 327 ff.; aspect and insignia, 327–30; myths of, 330–1; nature and status of, 331
Minor deities, 344 ff.
Mixcoatl, 181, 310 ff.; aspect and insignia, 310–11; statuary and paintings, 311–12; festivals of, 315–16; temples, 316–17; nature and status of, 317–19
Monachism in Mexico, 9, 10
Moon, creation of, 40 ff.
Moon-god, 308 ff.
Motecuhzoma II, wears Xipe’s dress, 207
Mother-sheaf, the, 174
N
Nagualism, 18
Nahuatl language, 2
Nahua, the, 2–3; of Anahuac separated from those of the south-west, 6
Nanahuatzin, a deity, 43
Napatecutli, a deity, 264; nature and status, 264–5
Nauollin, the festival of, 303
Nemontemi, the, or unlucky days, 369–70
O
Obsidian, the cult of, 27 ff. See also Tezcatlipocâ
Ochpaniztli, the festival of, 161–5, 172
Octli, or pulque (drink), the gods of, 286 ff.; aspect and insignia, 285; general allusions to, 286; festivals of, 287; nature and status of, 287–8
Omacatl, 352–3
Opochtli, a deity, 266; aspect and insignia of, 266; nature and status of, 266–7
Original gods of Mexico, the, 12
P
Panquetzalitztli, the festival of, 70–3
Patecatl, the god of medicine, 292 ff.; aspect and insignia, 292–3; myths of, 293; nature and status, 294
Paynal, a deity, 339–40
Pedro de Rios, interpreter of Mexican codices, 8
“Pied Piper,” Xipe as, 209, 210
Piltzintecutli, the Sun-god, 190
Popol Vuh, the sacred book of the Quiches, 135 ff.
Pueblo Indians, religion of the, 11
Pulque-gods. See Octli-gods
Q
Quail, the, Xipe as, 220
Quaitl eloa, the festival of, 246
Quaxolotl, a goddess, 283 ff.; aspect and insignia, 283–4; nature and status of, 284
Quecholli, the festival of, 193
Quetzalcoatl, a deity. His religion, 10, 24 ff.; amalgamation of his cult with the solar cult, 21–2; his aspect and insignia, 117–21; wall-paintings of, 122; statuary of, 121–2; myths of, 123–36; festivals of, 136; priesthood of, 136–7; temples of, 137; nature and status of, 137–44; etymology of name, 144–5; his costumes sent to Cortéz, 119; as the planet Venus, 122, 129; Central American myths regarding him, 133 ff.; as the trade wind, 138 ff.; Toltec and Huaxtec connections of, 139–40; criticism of the later elements of his myth, 141 ff.; connection with the fountain of youth myth, 141; development of his conception, 142 ff.
R
Rain-cult of Mexico, 11–15, 18, 23
Rain, different varieties of, 15
Rain, gods of, 234 ff.
Religion. See Mexican religion
Religious idea, homogeneous nature of, in Mexico, 33–4
S
Sacrifice, human, 19–20, 193
Sahagun, Bernardino, his Historia General, 7; his method, 8
Seler, Professor Eduard, on place of origin of Mexican codices, 6
Skins, wearing of human. See Xipe, passim
Sky-father, Tonacatecutli as, 151
Spanish writers on Mexican religion, 7–8
Spinden, Dr. J. H., on place of origin of Mexican codices, 6
Stellar and planetary gods, 300 ff.
Sun and moon, creation myths of, 42 ff.
Sun, the, not at first regarded as an agency of growth, 13
Sun-god, 300 ff.
Suns as world ages. See Cosmogony
T
Tamoanchan, the paradise of the west, 175
Tecciztecatl, a moon-god, 43
Tecuilhuitontli, the festival of, 262
Temalacatl, or stone of combat, 214
Teotleco, the festival of, 102–3
Teoyaomiqui, a goddess, 184
Tepeyollotl, an earth-god, 332 ff.; aspect and insignia, 332–3; myths of, 333–4; nature and status of, 334–5
Tepoxtecatl, an octli-god, 291 ff.; aspect and insignia, 291; temple, 291; nature and status, 291–2
Teteo innan, a goddess, 153
Tezcatlipocâ, a deity. As obsidian, 29–31; 110 ff.; as a turkey, 111 (note); aspect and insignia, 91–7; festivals of, 97–103; myths of, 103–10; nature and status, 110–11; red and black forms of, 96 ff.; as Xipe, 205
Tezcatzoncatl, a deity, 289 ff.; aspect and insignia, 289–90; myth of, 290; nature and status, 290
Tititl, festivals of, 230
Tlacacozcaquauhtli, the vulture god, 188
Tlacaxipeuliztli, the festival of, 212–17
Tlachitonatiuh (“Earth-sun”), a period in Mexican cosmogony
Tlachtli, the Mexican game of, 176
Tlaloc, the Rain-god. Prayer to, 12; his pluvial character, 15; elements of his cult, 23–4; mention of, 189, 191; aspect and insignia of, 236–41; statuary and vases, 241–2; myths of, 242–6; festivals of, 246; temples of, 252–3; priesthood, 254; prayers to, 254; nature and status, 254–6
Tlalocan, the paradise of Tlaloc, 15, 61–2
Tlaloquê, the servants of Tlaloc, 15, 242–6
Tlalxicco, interior of the earth, 59
Tlamacasque, a priest, 187, 188
Tlapcopa, Region of the East, 5–9
Tlatauhqui Cinteotl (“Temple of Red Maize”), 177
Tlauizcalpantecutli, 319 ff.; aspect and insignia, 319–22; nature and status, 322–4
Tlaxochimaco, the festival of, 69–70
Tlazolteotl, a goddess, 156 ff.; aspect and insignia, 156–9; myths of, 159; sacrifice to, by shooting with arrows, 159–60; hymn to, 160–1; festivals of, 161–5; ritual of, 165–6; temple of, 166; priesthood of, 166; nature and status of, 166–9
Tlillan calmecac, temple of Ciuacoatl, 182
Tloque nahuaque, the creative spirit, 148
Toci, a goddess, 152
Toctitlan (“Place of our Grandmother”), temple of Tlazolteotl, 165, 166
Tollan, city of, 10
Toltec civilization, the, 10
Tomiauhtecutli, a deity, 299; aspect and insignia, 299; nature and status, 299
Tonacaciuatl, a creative goddess, 147 ff.; aspect and insignia, 147–8; myth of, 148–50; nature and status, 150–2
Tonacatecutli, a creative deity, 146 ff.; aspect and insignia, 146–7; myths, 148–50; nature and status, 150–2
Tonalamatl, the, a book of fate and fortune. See Appendix, 359 ff.; nature of, 359–60; day-signs of, 360–1; in tabular form, 361–2; day-gods of, 362–3; gods of the “weeks,” 363; “Lords of the Night,” or Acompañados, in, 364; lords of the day-hours in, 365; festivals included in the, 366; recapitulation of information regarding the, 366; solar calendar and the, 367; names of the years, 368; the calendar-round, 368–9; the nemontemi, 369–70; Venus period and the, 370; bibliography of the, 373
Tonatiuh, the Sun-god, 300 ff.; aspect and insignia of, 300–2; wall-paintings of, 302; myths of, 302–3; festivals of, 303; nature and status, 303–5
Totec tlamacasque, the high-priest of Uitzilopochtli, 81
Totemism, 17–18
Totochtin, an octli-god, 298; aspect and insignia, 298–9; nature and status, 299
Totoltecatl, an octli-god, 297; aspect and insignia, 297
Toxcatl festival, 97 ff.
Tozozontli festival, 248–9
Trade wind, Quetzalcoatl as the, 138 ff.
Tree of the East, 58; of the North, 58; of the South, 59; of the West, 58
Tzitzimimê, demons of the air, 324 ff.; aspect and insignia, 325; myths of, 325; nature and status, 325–6
U
Uei tecuilhuitl, festival of, 221
Uei Tozoztli, festival of, 171
Uitzilopochtli, a deity, 16, 17, 66 ff.; aspect and insignia of, 66–9; festivals of, 69–73, 73–80; hymns to, 80–81; priesthood of, 81; temple of, 81–3; nature and status of, 83–91; etymology of the name, 83–5
Uitzlampa, region of the earth, 60
Uixtociuatl, 262 ff.; aspect and insignia, 262; festivals, 262–3; nature and status, 263
Universe, Mexican conception of the, 57 ff.
V
Variants of the great gods, 336 ff.
Venus period, the, 370
Votan, the Central American name of Quetzalcoatl, 133 ff.
W
“Week” gods, 363
Witches, Mexican, 168–9, 355–8
World, regions of the, 57 ff.
X
Xalaquia, a sacrificed virgin, 13–14
Xilonen, a grain-deity, 221; aspect and insignia, 221; festival, 221; priesthood, 222; nature and status, 222–3
Xipe Totec, a deity, 203; aspect and insignia, 204–8; masks, vases, etc., of, 206; statues, 206–7; elements of his insignia, 207–8; myths, 208–12; song of, 211; festival of, 212–7; temples of, 217–8; priesthood of, 218; nature and status of, 218–20
Xiuhtecutli, a fire-god, 268 ff.; aspect and insignia, 268–70; myths of, 271–3; festivals of, 273–8; temple of, 278; priesthood of, 278; nature and status of, 278
Xochicalco, pyramid of, 194
Xochilhuitl, festival of, 201–2
Xochipilli, a deity, 176, 177, 178, see Macuilxochitl-Xochipilli
Xochiquetzal, a goddess, 187 ff.; aspect and insignia, 187–9; pottery figures of, 189; myths of, 189–92; festivals of, 192–4; temples of, 194; nature and status, 194
Xochtecatl, mountain of, 194–195
Xocohuetzi, festival of, 273
Xolotl, a deity, 344 ff.; aspect and insignia, 344–6; wall-paintings of, 346; pottery figures of, 346–7; myths of, 347–8; nature and status of, 348–9
Y
Yacatecutli, a deity, 340 ff.
Yappan, a hermit, myth of, 191–2
Yzpuzteque, a god of the Underworld, 63
Z
Zapotlantenan, a goddess, 228; aspect and insignia, 228; priesthood, 228–9; nature and status, 229
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