INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Z

Academy, the, 253 Acanthus, the, 226 Accents, Greek system of, 248 Achæan League, the, 237, 245 Achæans, the, from the North, 37; and Homer, 40-42 Achaia, a Roman province, 261 Achilles, worship of, 41; the Shield of, 42-47 Acragas, temple at, 130; Telamones of, 166 Acrocorinthus, 7 Acropolis, the, 7, 95, 96, 102, 138, 157; its architecture, 163-165 Actors, 174 Acusilaus, 78 Admetus, 179 Adonis, 190, 251 Adultery in Sparta, 90 Ægean civilisation, 16; culture, 17 et seq.; decay, 31; art, 32 et seq.; dress of warriors, 38; worship, 65 Ægean Sea, 15 Ægeus, 15, 165 Ægina, commerce, 127; war with, 135; pedimental figures from, 147 Ægis, the, 95 Ægospotami, 144 Æolians, the, 42 Æschylus at court of Hiero, 113, 129; and the Oriental host, 136; the drama of, 174; the “Persæ,” 176; the poet of Marathon, 177; number of plays, 182; in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184 Æsculapius, 70 Ætolian League, 237 Agamemnon, tomb of, 13, 29; worship of, 41; in the Iliad, 49, 58; in tragedy, 181 Agariste, 109 Agathocles, 250 Agathon, 227, 239 Agelâdas of Argos, 147 Agesilaus, King of Sparta, 81, 85, 200, 228, 241 Agias (statue), 169, 218 Agis, King of Sparta, 85, 93 Agora, the, 167 Aidōs, 10, 137, 187 Ajax, 147, 176 Alaric the Goth, 170, 262 Alcæus, 119, 121 Alcamenes, 70, 159 “Alcestis” of Euripides, 179 Alcibiades, 78, 99, 144, 146, 170, 195, 196 Alcinous, 48 Alcmæonids, the, 99, 115, 116 Alcman, 88, 104 Alexander the Great, career of, 11; romantic, 180; Agesilaus and, 201; Lysippus sculptor to, 218; and the temple at Ephesus, 221; portraiture on coinage, 226; Macedon under, 237, 241-245; in art, 245-247 Alexandria, 243; laid out by Greek architects, 247; commerce, 247; the greatest city, 247; library of, 248; culture, 248; the Museum, 248; and poetry, 249 Amazons, battle of (sculpture), 222 Amen-Ra, 251 Ammon, 243 Amphictyons, 72 Amphidamas, 63, 76 Amphipolis, 240 Anacreon, 113, 121, 122, 129 Anaxagoras, 145, 146 Anaximander, 122 Ancestor-worship, 30, 34, 50 Andromache, 55, 59 Animal deities, 65 “Answerers,” 174 Antenor’s “Harmodius and Aristogeiton,” 115 Anthela, 72 Anthropomorphic religion, 67 Antigone, 176, 178 Antioch, 251 Antiochus the Great, 116 Antiphon, 229 Anytus, 232 Apelles, 213, 223, 242, 245 Aphaia, temple of, Ægina, 147 Aphrodite in Homer, 50; worship of, in Corinth, 108; on the Parthenon frieze, 155; in fourth-century art, 211; the Cnidian Aphrodite, 213, 214; in Alexandria, 251; Aphrodite of Melos, 251 Apollo, the coming of, 65-74; the Apollo Belvedere, 71; Apollo of Delos, 112; on the Parthenon frieze, 155; temple of Phigaleia, 169; statue at Delphi, 169; and Orestes in drama, 181; in fourth-century art, 211; Apollo Sauroctonos, 217; Palatine Apollo, 218; and Niobe, 222; “Apollo and Marsyas,” 216 Apollonius the Rhodian, 249 Apoxyomenus, 81, 218 Arcadians, the, 206, 207 Arcady, 167 Archelaus, 239 Archilochus, 104, 121, 122 Archimedes, 248 Architecture, prehistoric, 24; Doric, 106; temples, 161; the Parthenon, 161-163; the Acropolis, 163, 165; the Erechtheum, 165-167; other Athenian buildings, 167-168; other Greek buildings, 168-171; fourth-century, 226; the Corinthian order 226; Græco-Roman, 263 Archons, 117 Areian Hill, 117 Areopagus, Solon and the, 100; its powers, 117; its influence, 133; under democracy, 141; power taken away by Pericles, 142; meeting-place, 167 Ares, 77, 154; the Ludovisi, 220 Arethusa, 131; coins, 225 Arginusæ, 195, 232 Argives, the, 109 Argonautic expedition of Jason, 249 Argos, 28, 109, 245 Ariadne, 15 Arion, 122, 173 Aristarchus, the Father of Criticism, 248 Aristeides, 135, 140, 141 Aristion, stēlē of, 114 Aristocracies, 86, 119, 145, 256 Aristogeiton, 115, 180 Aristophanes and “the Harmodius,” 116; champions the hoplites, 140; and Cleon, 144; and liberty of speech, 145; and Pheidias, 157; humour of, 183 Aristotle on Spartan government, 86; on tragedy, 181; and state payment, 197; his greatness and birth, 253; disciple of Plato, 253; teacher of Alexander, 253; his writings, 254; “The Politics,” 255; his influence, 261 Arnold’s, Matthew, “Thyrsis,” 250 Art, Greek, its perfection, 10, 103; qualities, 56; the cults and, 103; simplicity, 153, 162; subordination of the artist, 158; in the fourth century, 208; continuance and decadence, 262-263; Græco-Roman, 265; perishes from vulgarity, 266 Artaphernes, 134 Artaxerxes, 201, 204 Artemis, 202, 222; of Brauron, 99, 165; temple of, at Ephesus, 221; “Artemis and Apollo,” by Praxiteles, 216 Artemisia, wife of Mausolus, 221 Ascra, 62 Ashtaroth, 108 Asia, 244 Aspasia, 146 Athena, statue of, at Troy, 54; Pallas Athena, 51, 94; birth and worship, 94; Northern origin, 95; an Achæan goddess, 95, 102; hoplite goddess, 95; and the name of Athens, 95; gift of olive-tree, 97; origin of Athena, 99; and Erechtheus, 102; shrine and image, 102, 165, 166; Athena Parthenos, 148, 156; in Parthenon sculptures, 151, 152, 154; statues of, 157; the Mourning Athena, 160, 192; Athena Promachos, 102, 165; Athena the Crafts-woman, 165; Athena type of coins, 225; Athena and Marsyas, 165 Athenian drama, 172 Athenian mysteries, 98 Athens and the sea, 6; and silver-mines, 6; the state, 9; pays tribute to Minos, 16; occupations of the Athenians, 40; Pallas Athena and, 95; Theseus and, 97; agricultural, 97, 98; Eupatridæ, 97; democracy, 97; religious customs, 98; law-giving, 99; Homer and, 102; and the tyrants, 104, 115; Peisistratus and, 110; police, 111; state cults, 111; freedom of, 115; government, 116; the rise of, 132; attacks by Medes and Persians, 134-140; and a navy, 135; Athenian civilisation, 140; a democratic city-state, 140; Athenian empire, 141; Pericles and liberty, 142; conflict with Sparta, 143; Peloponnesian War, 143; capitulates, 144; freedom in, 145; Pericles’ ideal, 146; Pericles’ Athens, 150; the Long Walls, 163, 195, 198; buildings of, 167; aristocracy, 172; downfall and restoration, 194; popular government, 195, 197; oligarchy, 196; the Thirty Tyrants, 197; finance, 198; fourth-century Athens, 209; coinage, 225; legal system, 229; rebellion against aliens, 238; and Macedon, 240; oppressions, 244; enslaved by Demetrius, 252; her philosophers, 252; and Aristotle, 253; “Polity of Athens,” 255; intellectual life of the third century, 258; self-government under the Romans, 261; schools of philosophy, 261; Frankish dukes, 262. See also Attica. Athens and Sparta, 40, 83, 94, 195, 206, 231 Athletics, Greek, antiquity of, 74, 76; religious significance, 74, 75, 76; a modernised programme of sports, 74; Pythian Games, 76; Olympian Games, 76, 78; nature of the contests, 77; sacrifice and ritual, 77; the competitors, 77; the judges, 77; the prize and honours, 78; discreditable practices, 78; anecdotes of Pausanias, 78; Euripides’ tirade against, 79; inspires sculpture, 80; nudity, 81 Atreus, 181 Attalids, 251 Attalus, 238 Attica and Northern invasion, 96; a city-state, 97, 111; the older worship of, 98 Attica, plain of, 9 Augustus and Alexander the Great, 242 Aule, 59 Aulis, 63 Autocracy, civilisation and, 32 Babylon, 241 Bacchiads, the, 104 Bacchylides, 113, 129 Bacon, 261 “Basileis,” 104 Basileus, 47 Bassæ, temple at, 169, 226 Beauty, Hellenism and, 4 Bentley, Richard, 129 Bias of Priene, 101, 122 Bion, 250 Black Sea, the, 110 Bœotia, 9, 142 Boethos, 220 Boston Museum, slabs in, 125 Boy Victor (statue), 160 Boy with thorn in foot (statue), 160 Branchidæ figures, 54 Brasidas, 93, 229 Breathings and accents, Greek, 248 British Museum, Elgin Marbles, 151, 164, 166; Strangford Shield, 156; frieze from Phigaleia, 170; statue of Demeter, &c., 219; head of Hypnos, 220; Mausolus, 221; Tanagra figures, 227; Head of Alexander, 246; the Portland Vase, 263 Bronze Age, the, 16, 19, 36 Bronzes, 220 Brunn on the Parthenon figures, 151 Bucchero nero, 18 Bucephalus, 242, 245 Bull, the Farnese (sculpture), 265 Bull-baiting, Cnossian, 25 Burial of the dead, 190 Burke, Edmund, 230 Burrows, Prof., on Minoan drains, 26; date of the fall of Minoan empire, 38 Butler, Samuel, on Homer, 58 Byron, Lord, 262; on Anacreon, 113 Calamis, 159 Callimachus, 166, 226, 249 Callinus, 122 Calydonian boar-hunt, 218 Cameo-engraving, 263 Candahar, 243 Capitoline Gallery, 214 Carcinus, 187 Caria, 221, 237 Carneades, 259 Carrara marble, 147 Carrey’s Parthenon drawings, 150 Carthage, 129 Carthaginian invaders of Sicily, 250 Caryatids, 131, 166 Cassandra, 58 Cat, the, 193 Catabasis, the, 202 Cato, 259 Cave of Pan, 168 Caves as dwellings, 18 Cecropia, 95 Cecrops, 96, 166 Cephisodotus, 213 Cerameikos cemetery, 192 “Cerberus, sop to,” 189 Chæroneia, 238, 241 Chalcidian peninsulas, 240 Chalcis, 63 Chariot-races, 78 Charioteer, the long-robed (statue), 81, 169 Charon, 189 Charondas of Catane, 73, 128 Cheirisophos, 201 Child-birth, goddess of, 98 Children, Spartan, 91 Chios, 142 Chorus, the, 173, 182 Christianity and Stoicism, 257, 261 Chronology, system of, 249 Chryseis, 58 Cicero, 128, 230 Cinadon, conspiracy of, 200 Cithara, 68, 224 City-state, the, 7, 10, 206, 238; and patriotism, 145; the ideal, 255, 257 Civilisation, prehistoric, 18 Classicism, “Greek” and, 2 Clearchus, 201 Cleisthenes, 99, 109, 116, 117, 133 Cleombrotus, 85, 205 Cleomenes, 85 Cleomenes III., 239 Cleon, 144, 160, 183, 187 Cleonymus, 186 Clytæmnestra, 58, 181 Cnidos, 213 Cnossos, 16, 20 et seq.; destruction of, 31; athletics of, 74 Cockerell, C. R., 147 Coins, Sparta and, 89; Ionian, 123; of Syracuse, 129, 131, 225; of Elis, 148; art of coins, 225; Athena type, 225; gold, 225; Corinthian, and others, 225, 226; with portraits of Alexander, 247 Comedy, 173, 183-186 Commerce, Hermes the god of, 68 Common sense of the Greeks, 180 Communism, Platonic, 255 Companions of the King, the (Macedon), 240 Conon, 198, 226 Constantinople Museum, Sidon sarcophagus, 246 Constitution, free, 256; Mixed, 257; Mixed, of Sparta, and political science, 86 Constitutional history, contradictions in, 228 Corcyra (Corfu), 105, 108, 137 Corinth and commerce, 105, 127; art, 105; and Egypt, 106; under the Cypselid tyrants, 108; worship of Aphrodite, 108; and the Bacchiads, 104; and the Leagues, 245; destroyed by the Romans, 261, 263 Corinth, Isthmus of, 137 Corinthian Gulf, the, 7 Corinthian War, the, 203 Cory, Wm. Johnson, 249 Cos, 213 Council of Ten, Spartan, 200 Courtesans of Corinth, 108 Crabbe (Carcinus), 187 Cremation, 189 Creon, 178 Cresilas, 160 Crete, 14 et seq.; Stone Age in, 18; palaces, 24 Cripple, 46 Critias, 197, 232 Criticism, Aristotle and, 254 Crito, 233 Crœsus, King of Lydia, 71, 123 Cronos, 66 Croton, 127 Crown of wild olive, 78 Crusaders, Latin, 262 Cunaxa, 201 Cupbearer frieze, the, 23, 25, 32 Curses, the, 66 Cybele, worship of, 251 Cyclopes, 36 Cylon, 99, 104, 110 Cyme, 62 Cynics, the, 258 Cyprus, 17, 142, 237 Cypselid tyrants, 108 Cypselus, tyrant of Corinth, 104, 105, 109 Cyrus, 72, 123, 201 Cythera, figure found at, 220 Dædalus, 15, 166 “Daimonion,” 232 Damagetus, 78 Damon the musician, 146 Dancing-floors, 173 Daphnis, 250 Dardanelles, the, 136 Darius, 72, 134, 245 Datis, 134 Death, Greek ideas of, 190; sculpture representing, 126, 220; according to the Epicureans, 258 Deianira, 176 Deities, names for, 66 Delos, shrine of Apollo, 68; removal of dead from, 112; confederacy of, 141 Delphi, shrine of Apollo, 68, 71; spoils of war, 168; treasures of, 238 Delphic Amphictyony, 72 Delphic Oracle and priests, 71-73; and art, 103; and the Persian invasion, 137; Lysander and, 200 Demaratus, 137 Demeter, or Mother Earth, an early deity, 66; shrine of, at Anthela, 72; Eleusinian mysteries, 98, 190; Persephone and, 124; worship of, 170; Demeter of Cnidos (statue), 219 Demetrius, the Besieger of Cities, 252 Democracy, Spartan, 84; Athenian, 98, 100, 118, 141, 172, 195, 197; and the Free Constitution, 256 Democritus, 258 Demosthenes, 194, 229, 230, 240 “Diadumenus,” 81, 159 Diagoras, 78 Diana of the Ephesians, 34, 118; temple of, 219 Diipolia, 98 Diodorus, 128 Diogenes, 258 Dionysius I. and II., tyrants of Syracuse, 250, 255; coins, 225 Dionysus on the Parthenon frieze, 154; in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184; the drama and festivals of, 112, 173, 184; theatre of, 168 Dipylon Gate, 168 Dipylon Style, the, 56 “Discobolus,” 80, 159 Dithyramb, the, 106, 113, 173 Dogs on tombstones, 193 Dōma, 59 Domestic life in Homer, 58 Dorian Mode in music, 223 Dorians, the, origin of, 38; dress of warriors, 38; religious beliefs, 38; ignored by Homer, 42; communism, 88; Apollo, god of the, 69; Dorian greatness, 70 Doric architecture, 106, 161, 171 Dörpfeld, Dr., 166 “Doryphorus,” 81, 159 Douris, 225 Dracon, 99 Drainage work, Cnossian, 26 Drama, Athenian, 112; the Greek, 172-187; as instrument of public education, 172; “Middle Comedy,” 227; the New Comedy of manners, 228, 253; the mime, 250; “contamination,” 253 Earth, circumference of the, 248 East and West, conflict between, 11 Ecclesia, 116 Education, Spartan, 89; Platonic, 255 Egypt, Greek learning from, 119; Athens and the affairs of, 142; under the Ptolemies, 244. See also Alexandria Egyptian influence in Crete, 20, 33 Egyptologists and dates, 17 Eilithuia, 151 Eleatic school of philosophy, 128 Eleusinian mysteries, 34, 98, 170 Eleusinian relief, the (sculpture), 160 Eleusis, the Great Temple of the Mysteries, 170 Eleutheria, 94 Elgin, Lord, and the Parthenon marbles, 151 Elis, citizens of, and Olympian Games, 77; coins of, 148 Empire and democracy, 11 Empires, Greek, 11 Epaminondas the Theban, 180, 204-208, 240 Ephesus, wealth, &c., 112, 118; column from, 123; temple of Artemis, 218, 221; new temple at, 226 Ephorate, Spartan, 85 Ephorus, 228 Epictetus, 257 Epicureanism, 258 Epicurus, 257, 258 Epidaurus, 104 Epimenides the Cretan, 15, 101 Epinikia, the, 76 Epirus, 245 Eratosthenes, 248 Erechtheum, the, 102, 165-167 Erechtheus, 95, 96, 102, 110, 112 Eretria, 133 Eros, 155, 211; Eros of Thespiæ, 213, 215; Eros of Centocelle, 215 Ethics, 235; of Aristotle, 254; politics a branch of, 256 Etruscan art, 17 Etruscans, 127 Euænetus, 225 Eubœa, 63, 196 Eubouleus, 190 Eucleides, 197 Euclid, 248 Eugenics, Spartan, 89 Euhemerism, 122 Eumæus, 47 Eunomia, 73, 94 Eupatridæ, 97 Euploia, 213 Euripides, against athletes, 79; the chorus in, 174; the sceptic and prophet of the new age, 177; the “Alcestis,” 179; number of his works, 182; in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes, 184, 186; and social problems, 210; influence on art, 211; Archelaus and, 239 European civilisation and modern discoveries, 14; early civilisation, 247 Eurotas, Vale of, 204 Eurymedon, 142 Euxine, the, 202 Evagoras, 238 Evans, Sir Arthur, discoveries of, 17, 24, 25, 30 Fashions (dress), Cnossian, 25 Fates, the, 66, 123, 189 Federal systems, 238 Flagellation, Spartan, 92 Fortresses of Tiryns, &c., 28 Four Hundred, government of the, 196 François Vase, 43, 57 Frere’s, Hookham, translation of Aristophanes, quoted, 184 Frieze of the Parthenon, 153 Funeral customs, 188 Furies, the, 181 Furtwängler, Adolf, 151, 158 Gaia (Earth), 152 Games, the—see Athletics Gardner, Prof. Ernest, on the Parthenon sculptures, 150, 154 Gauls, the, 238 Gelo of Syracuse, 130, 131, 137, 225 Gem-engraving, 263 Gems, 225 Genius, the rise of, 132; Greek impersonal genius, 158 Geometric style in art, 56 Gerontes, Spartan, 84 Gerousia, or Senate, 84 Ghost-worship, 66 Glaucus, 79 God, Socrates and, 232 Gods in Homer, 50 Gorgias of Leontini, 230 Gorgon, the, 57 Goths, the, 262 Government of the Greek States, 83, 116; popular government in Athens, 195; Platonic government, 255 Græco-Roman art, 265 “Greece,” and “Greek,” ideas conveyed by, 1 Greece, the country, 5; and the sea, 5; climate, 7; scenery, 9; the Dark Ages, 36; the earlier civilisation, 74; government, 116; invaders of, 262; its decline, 263 Greece, modern, 261; War of Independence, 262; war with Turkey, 262 Greek character, the, 10 Greek culture, its continuing influence, 260 Greek history, new discoveries and, 12 Greek poetry, 53 Greek states, government of the, 83 Greek world, the, under Alexander, 244 Greeks inherently aristocratic, 171; racial character of modern Greeks, 8 Griffin, the, 58 “Grin, the archaic,” 70 Grundy, Dr. G. B., 138 Gylippus, 93 Hades, 123, 124, 190, 233 Hadrian, Emperor, 111, 261 Hæmon, 178 Halicarnassus, coin, 123; mausoleum at, 221 Happiness, 258 Harmodius and Aristogeiton, legend of, 115, 180; statue by Antenor, 115; “the Harmodius,” 116; group from Ægina, 147 Harold Hardrada, 262 Harp, the, 39; and Spartans, 224 Harpies, the, 66, 189 Harpy tomb, 123 Heavenly twins, the, 245 Hecatæus of Miletus, 122 Hegeso, tomb of, 192 Helen of Troy, 55, 58 Helicon, Mount, 9; Muses of, 63 Heliodorus, 180, 262 Helios, 226 Hellas, definition of, 260 Hellenic people, the, fusion of races, 39 Hellenism, the study of, 4; contest between Hellenism and barbarism, 153; Alexander the Great and, 243; and Asiatic elements, 251; the Roman and, 260; and Europe, 260 Helots, 87 Hephæstus, shield of, 43; works of, 54; and Athena, 94; in the Parthenon frieze, 151, 155; the temple of, 167 Hera, 23, 50, 130, 154; temple of, 106, 108, 215 Heracleitus of Ephesus, 122 Heracles, 85; and his labours, 111, 153; and Hylas, 180; the Farnese, 265 “Heracles, the sons of,” 73 Herculaneum, bronzes, 221; Greek art at, 263 Hercules—see Heracles Hermes, early origin, 66, 67; popularity of, 68; in art, 70; and the Olympian Games, 76; in the Parthenon frieze, 154; on sepulchral slab, 192; replaces Apollo in art, 211; of Praxiteles, 169, 211, 215 Hero-worship, 38; in Homer, 51 Herodotus, 228; on Homer and Hesiod, 50; and the Delphic oracle, 73; declaimed at the Olympic Games, 76; and the Persians, 136 Heroic age, the, 36, 38; cult and art, 103 Herondas of Cos, 250 Hersephoria, 98 Hesiod and the five ages of the world, 36; and the gods, 50; contemporary with Homer, 52; the world of, 61-64; and mythology, 66; and poetic contest, 75, 88; popularity of, 104 “Heureka!” 248 Hiero, tyrant of Syracuse, 113, 129, 225 Hieron, 225 Himera, battle of, 130, 131 Hindu Khush, the, 243 Hipparchus, 113, 115 Hippias, 115, 116, 134, 235 Hippocleides, 109 Hissarlik, 13 Historians, 228 Homer and primitive European civilisation, 12, 13, 14; and the Achæans, 40; composition of the epics, 41; as history, 42; the Shield of Achilles, 42-47; kings and gods in, 47-53; Homeric religion, 51; when written, 52; and the art of the period, 53; women in, 58; houses and domestic life in, 59; and mythology, 66; popularity of, 103; the recitation of, 112; theology of, 232; Ionia and, 119; scholars of Alexandria and, 248; influence of, 261 “Homeric” hymns, 68 Homeridæ, the, 41 Hoplite, the Athenian, 135 Horace, 121 Horse, the, in Greek art, 57 Horse-races, 129 Houses in Homer, 59 “Hungry Greekling,” 265 Hygiæa, 70 Hylas, 180 Hymettus, Mount, 96 Hypnos (Sleep), 220 Ibycus of Rhegium, 129 Ictinus, the architect, 147; and the temple-builders, 161-171 “Ilissus,” 152 Immortality, doctrine of, 128; immortality of the soul, 190; Platonic theory of, 234 India, Alexander the Great’s invasion of, 243 Indo-Europeans, Ægean, 32 Ionia, 118-126; cities, 112; poets, 119; philosophers, 122; plastic art, 123, 126; King Crœsus, 123; Sparta and Ionian cities, 199, 204 Ionians, the, 40, 68, 118 Ionic states, the, 112 Iphicrates, 204 Iris, 51, 152 Iron Age, the, 31, 37 Isæus, 229 Isles of the Blessed, 37, 39, 189, 190 Isocrates, 230, 241, 260 Issus, 245, 246 Italy, South, Greek cities of, 263 Jason, 211, 249 “Javan,” 118 “Jove of Otricoli,” 148 Judges of the games, 77 Julian the Apostate, 262 Julius Cæsar and Alexander the Great, 242 Justice, Plato’s “The Republic” and, 254 Justinian, 262 Juvenal, 260, 265 “Kamáres” ware, 20 Karuæ, 166 Keftiu, 20 Kimon, 140, 141, 157 Kings, the, of Homer, 47; of Hesiod, 62; Spartan kings, 84 Kingsley’s, Charles, “Heroes,” 15 Koré, 98. See also Persephone Koroplastes, 227 Kylix, the, 24 Kypselus, Chest of, 43 Labdacus, 181 Labyrinth legend, the, 25 Lacedæmon, 206 Lacedæmonians, the, 82 Laconia, 200 “Laconic,” 92 Lady of Cnidos, 251 Lais, 109 Lang, Andrew, on Theocritus, 250 “Laocoön,” the, 265 Laurium silver-mines, 111, 135 Law, Natural, 258 Law-givers, 128; of Athens, 99 Laws of Solon, 97, 100 Lawson’s, J. C., “Modern Greek Folklore,” 170 Legal system of Athens, 229; Stoicism and the legal systems of Europe, 258 Lemnian Athena, 157 “Lenormant” statuette, 148 Leonidas, King, 93, 138; and the Spartans, 113 Lesbos, 118, 142 Lessing, 265 Leto, 222 Leucas, canal through, 109 Leuctra, battle of, 205, 207, 208, 239 Levant, the, commerce and sea-power of, 247 Liberty in Athens, 145 Library of Alexandria, 248 Lighthouse, great (Pharos), 247 Literature, the Ptolemies and, 248; of the fourth century, 227; Greek literature, 262 “Liturgies,” 174 Lizard-slayer, the, 212 Logic, Aristotle and, 254 Louvre, the, 215; Venus of Milo, 252; Victory of Samothrace, 252 Love, Plato on, 234; love in Greek drama, 178; male, 91 Lucian, 214, 263 Luck, Hermes the god of, 68 Lucretius, 258 Ludovisi Throne, reliefs from the, 124, 160 Lyceum, the, 253 Lycia, Nereid Monument, 226 Lycurgean constitution, 200 Lycurgus, 73, 99, 228 Lydian Mode, the, in music, 224 Lydians, coinage invented by, 123 Lyre, the, 68 Lysander, 94, 144, 197, 199 Lysias, 229 Lysicrates, monument of, 182, 226 Lysimachus, 246 Lysippus of Sicyon, 169, 218, 242, 245, 246 Macedon, 237; rise of, 239 Macedonia, the kingdom of, 244, 252; a Roman province, 261; the Macedonian kings, 240; anti-Macedonian party, 240 Malaria in modern Greece, 8 Mantinæa, 93, 204, 206, 208, 216 Marathon, 134, 139 “Marble Faun,” the, 214 Marbles, Greek, 149 Marcus Aurelius, 257 Mardonius, 139 Marriage customs, Spartan, 90 Marshlands and malaria, 9 “Marsyas,” by Myron, 159 Masks in drama, 175 Mausolus and his mausoleum, 221 Medea, 211 Medes and Persians, 133 Mediterranean peninsulas, 247 Medusa the Gorgon, 95; the “Rondanini” Medusa, 220 Megacles, 99, 109 Megara, 104, 110, 142 Megaron, 59 Meidias, 230 Melanthius, 186 Meleager, quoted, 249; statue of Meleager, 218 Melitus, 232 Menander, 180, 228, 253, 261 Menestheus, 96, 97 “Messengers” in Greek tragedy, 181 Messenia, 206 Messenians of Naupactus, 160 Metayer system, 97 Metempsychosis, 128 Metopes, 130; of the Parthenon, 153 Miletus, 104, 112, 118, 123, 127, 176 Milo, 127 Miltiades, 111, 134, 228 Milton, John, 261; “Lycidas,” 250 Mime, the, 250 Minoan empire, fall of, 38; Minoan discoveries, 16 Minos, 15, 16; laws of, 33 Minotaur, the, 15 Mitylene, 110, 118, 144, 195 Mnesicles, 164, 171 Monarchy, 256 Money, coined, 89 More, Sir Thomas, 261 Morosini, General, 151 Moschus, 250 Mourning, 190 Mummy-cases, 223 Munich Glyptothek, 147, 214 Murray, Prof. Gilbert, on Homer, 51 Musæus, 114 Museum, the, 248 Music, Greek, 223 Mycenæ, 13; Bronze Age, 23; palace of, 24; fortress of, 28, 29; tombs, 29; treasures of, 30; art, 31 Mycenæan discoveries, 16; art, 31 Myres, Mr., on Cnossian millinery, 26 Myron (sculptor), 80, 159, 217 “Myrtle Bough, The,” 114 Mythology, 66, 98 Naples Museum, 116, 265 Napoleon and Alexander the Great, 242 Narrative in Greek drama, 180 Natural science, Aristotle and, 254 Naturalistic worship, 34 Nature in primitive Cretan art, 22 Nature-study, 128 Nature-worship, 39, 99 Naupactus, 142 Naval empires, 15 Navy, Athenian, 135 Neighbours, or Perioikoi, 87 Neolithic man, 18 Neoptolemus, 176 Nereid Monument, 226 Nero, 261 Nestor, 54 Newton, Sir Charles, 221 Nicetas, 157 Nicomedes, King, of Bithynia, 213 Nike, 245 Nikias, 140, 229 Niobe, 222 Niobids, the, 222 Normans, the, 262 Northern invasion of Greece, 35 et seq. Novel, the Greek, 262 Nudity, the Greeks and, 81; in sculpture, 211 Obscenity, 184 Odeion, 168 Odysseus, 47, 54, 59; palace of, 60 Œdipus, 36, 178 Œnomaus, 76 Oligarchy, 84, 195, 199, 256 Olympia, sculptures at, 157, 159, 160; temple of Zeus, 168; the Altis, 169 Olympian cult and art, 103; deities, 9, 66 Olympic Games, 76; nature of the contests, 77; sacrifice and ritual, 77; the competitors, 77; the judges, 77; the prize and honours 78; trickery, 78; their duration, 78; account of Pausanias, 78; dress of the athletes, 82; Nero in the, 261 Omar, the Caliph, 262 Omphalos, 71 Onomacritus, 113 Opuntius, 186 Oracle, the Delphic—see Delphic Oratory, 228-231 Orchomenos, Apollo of, 69 Orestes, 181, 182 Orpheus, 53; and Eurydice, 192 Ortygia, 131 Ostracism, 117 Ostrakon of Themistocles, 141 Owl, Athena’s, 99 Ox-murder, 98 Pæonius, 159, 160; Victory by, 252 Pæsto, 128 Painting, Greek, 223 Pallas Athena—see Athena Pan, 99; Cave of, 168 Pan-pipes, 224 Panainos, 149, 167 Panathenæa, Greater, 111 Panathenaic amphoræ, 224; festival, 154, 163 Pandion, 96 Pandora, 62 Pandrosos, 166 Panegyric oration of Isocrates, 230 Pangæus, Mount, gold-mines of, 240 Panhellenic orations, 230; union, 241 Pantarkes, 157 Panticapæum, 225 Parian marble, 149 Paris, palace of, 59 Parmenio, 246 Parnassus, 69 Parrhasios, 223 Parrhesia, 94 Parry, Sir Hubert, and Greek music, 223 Parthenon, the, supersedes the Acropolis, 102; architecture, 107, 161-163; sculptures, 148, 150; of the pediments, 150, 151; the metopes, 153; the frieze, 112, 153; Athena Parthenos, 156; destructions, 150, 151 Parthenos of the Parthenon, 148 Party system, 117 Pastoral poetry, 249 Patroclides, 186 Patroclus, 74, 147 Paul, St., and Stoicism, 257; and the teaching of Socrates, 234 Pausanias, King of Sparta, 85, 94, 141 Pausanias, the traveller, on the Chest of Kypselus, 43; and Greek worship, 67; and Olympia, 78; and the Parthenon, 150, 160; and the Hermes of Praxiteles, 215; his works, 262 Pediments of the Parthenon, 150 Pegasus coins, 225 Peiræus, the, as part of Athens, 140; the planning, 171; Spartan attack, 205; new walls, 226; a centre of commerce, 252 Peirithous, 180 Peisistratus, Homer edited during his tyranny, 42; democracy before, 98; and Solon’s laws, 101; the tyranny of, 104; services to Athens, 110; and the foundations of Athenian civilisation, 133; temple of Athena built by, 165; temple of Olympian Zeus begun by, 168 Pelasgians, the, 96, 163 Pelasgic Wall, 96 Pelopidas, 205, 207 Peloponnese, the, 137, 206 Peloponnesian War, 143, 194, 199, 208 Pelops, 76 Penelope, 47, 55, 58 Penrose, F. G., on the Parthenon, 161 Pentelic marble, 147 Pergamum, 237; altar of Zeus, 251 Periander, 106, 108, 109 Pericles, 99, 110; and the constitution of Athens, 118, 142-144; attacks on, 145, 156; oration on Athenian soldiers, 146; bust of, 160; the Odeion, 168; the Acropolis, 192 Peripatetic school of philosophy, 253 Persephone, Eleusinian mysteries in honour of, 98; on Harpy Tomb (Queen of the Dead), 123; on Ludovisi reliefs, 123; worship of, 170; Hades the home of, 190; on an archaic relief, 192 Perseus, 130 Persian Empire and Alexander the Great, 242, 243 Persian Gulf, the, 243 Persian wars, the, 124, 133-139, 142, 153, 203; Greek mercenaries in the Persian army, 201; Isocrates and the Persians, 230; Alexander and Persian troops, 241 Persis, 62 Phæacia, 54 “Phædo,” the, of Plato, 233 Phalanx, the, 241 Phalaris of Acragas, 105 Phanes, coin of, 123 Pharisaism, 257 Pharnabazus, 199 Pheidias, 81, 102, 145, 146-158, 213 Phidolas, 79 Phigaleia, temple of, 169 Philip of Macedon, 208, 237-241 Philip II., 239 Philippiades, 135 Philosophers, Ionian, 122 Philosophy of Pythagoras, 127; Eleatic school of, 128; of the fourth century, 231-236; Aristotle, 253; Stoicism, 257; Epicurean, 257; the Cynics, 258; and Julian the Apostate, 262 Phocians, the, 138, 238 Phœnicia, 244 Phœnician fleet, 142, 247 Phœnician traders, 129 Phœnicians, the, 33, 130 Phormio, 230 Phrygian Mode in music, 224 Phryne, 213 Phrynichus, 174, 176 Phthiotis, 41 Pictographic script, 20 Pillar-worship, 29 Pindar, 73, 76, 113, 129; the house of, 243 Pipes, 224 Piracy on the Ægean, 105 Pisirodus, 78 Pittacus, 121 “Place of the Wine-press,” 175 Platæa, battle of, 87, 130, 135, 139, 168; Pheidias and statue for Platæa, 157 Plato, influence of Pythagoras on, 128; on feminine nudity, 82; sex problem, 180; the “Republic,” 209, 254; and Socrates, 231; and the Homeric gods, 232; his ideal philosophy, 234; Aristotle and, 253; influence of, 261 Plato’s garden of the Academy, 210 “Platonic” love, 234 Plautus, 253 Pleading in litigation, 229 Pleasure, 258 Pliny, 149, 213, 219, 223 Plutarch on Spartan women, 90; on Periclean Athens, 150; the basis of his narratives, 228; his biographies, 262 Pluto, 190 Pnyx, the, 229; hill of Pnyx, 168 Poetry, religious aspect of, 75; lyric, 119; lyric poets, 129; the epic, hexameter verse, the elegiac couplet, epigrams, pastoral, 249; Alexandria and poetry, 249; Aristotle and, 254 Poets, Ionian, 119-122 Political science, Aristotle and, 254, 255 Political system, Apollo and, 73 Politics, Greek, 10; in the fourth century, 209; Plato, 254; Aristotle, 255 Polycleitus, 80, 81, 159 Polycrates, tyrant of Samos, 104, 113 Polygnotus, 164, 167, 191, 213, 223 Pompeian frescoes and mosaics, 223; mosaic floor, 245; Greek art, 263 Population, decline of, 239 Portico, the Royal, 167; Portico of Freedom, 167; Decorated Portico, 167 Portland Vase, the, 263 Portraiture, 211; on coins, 226, 247 Poseidon, the sea-god, 66; Athena and, 95, 152; worship, 96; of Mycale, 112; in the Parthenon frieze, 155; and the salt spring, 165; marks of his trident, 166 Posidonium, 128 Potter’s wheel, the, 22 Pottery, design in, and progress, 19; Athenian, 112; red-figured style, 224; Panathenaic amphoræ, 225 Praxiteles, Statue of Brauronian Artemis, 164; Hermes, 169, 209; and Athens, 194; nudity in sculpture, 211; works of, 213 “Praying Boy, The,” 220 Priam, palace of, 60 Professionalism, 210, 225 Prometheus, 62 Protagoras, 235 Psammetichus, 106 Psyche, 189 Ptolemies, the, 244, 247, 248, 250 Pugilism, Cnossian, 25 Punjaub, the, 243 Pyrrhus, 245, 261 Pythagoras of Samos, philosophy of, 74, 127; immortality taught by, 190 Pythian games, 72, 76 Pytho, 69, 71 Quoit-thrower, the, 81 Racial decline, 239 Religion of the Stone Age, 18; prehistoric Greek, 34; early religious beliefs, 65; survival of, 67; and morality, 235 Religious significance of the games, 74-76; of poetry, 75 Renaissance, the, and Greek thought, 3 Republic, an Ideal, 254; of Aristotle, 256 Rhetoric, 228-231; of Aristotle, 254 Rhodes, 237, 244; gold coins of, 226; siege of, 252 Rhodian sculptors of the “Laocoön,” 265 Ridgeway, Prof. Wm., on the survival of early Greek language, 32; on naturalistic worship, 34; and the invaders of Greece, 38; on Homer, 51; and Greek drama, 173 Rock-tombs, 188 Rodin, M., 148 Romans, the, and Greece, 245; and Greek philosophy, 258; and Hellenism, 260; and the control of Greece, 261; and Græco-Roman art, 265 Romantic, the, in the Greek character, 180 Roof-tiles, 108 Roxana, 242 Royal Portico, the, 167 Running Girl (statue), 161 Ruskin, John, 150 Sacred Band, the, 180, 205 “Sacred Wars,” 241 Sacrifice and ritual at Olympic Games, 77 Sacrifices and the dead, 66 Salamis, 110, 138 Samos, 142 Samothrace, 252 Sanitation, Cnossian, 26 Sappho, 119-121 Sardis, 133 Satyr, the young, by Praxiteles, 213, 214, 215 Satyric drama and the Satyrs, 173 Scepticism, Ionian, 122 Scheria, 48 Schliemann’s discoveries, 13 Scopas the Parian, 212, 217, 221 Sculpture of the Homeric period, 54; development of, 69; inspired by athletes, 80; Ionian, 123 et seq.; earliest temple, 130; before Pheidias, 147; methods, 148; materials, 149; pediment figures, 150; metopes, 153; frieze (Parthenon), 153; statues by Pheidias, 156, 157; works of sculptors, 159-161; great sculptors, 159; minor sculptors, 192; of the fourth century, 211; materials, 212; anatomy, 212; supports, 213; works by Praxiteles, 213-217; convention, 216; tinted marble, 216; Scopas, 217; Lysippus, 218; works by unknown artists, 219; six greatest statues, 219; bronzes, 220; the Venus of Milo, 251; Græco-Roman, 265; the Laocoön, 265 Scyros, 190 Sea, Hesiod and the, 63; the Greek true element, 262 Sea-power, 195 Seleucid kings, the, 244 Selinus, 130 Sellasia, 239, 245 Semites, the, 129 Seven Sages, the, 74, 101, 106 Seven Wonders of the World, 247 Sex problem, the, 180 Shakespeare and Menander, 253, 261 Shelley’s “Adonais,” 250 Shield of Achilles, the, 42-47 Shields lost in battle, 121 Sicily, tyranny in, 104; poets in, 126; and wheat, 127; the Semites and (Carthaginian invasion), 129, 137; Athens and, 142, 144, 195; Idylls of Theocritus, 249; history, 250 Sicyon, 104, 109 Sidon sarcophagus, 246 Sigeum, 110, 121 Simonides, 104, 109, 113, 122, 129 Simplicity, Greek, in drama, 182 Sirens, the, 66 Skirophoria, 99 “Skolia,” 114 Slavery, 145, 171, 236 Slavs, the, 262 Snake-worship, 69, 99 Socialist, Pericles a, 143; Plato the father of socialism, 255 Socrates and the education of women, 82; and Alcibiades, 144; attacks upon, 145; and Aspasia, 146; and the Royal Portico, 167; Xenophon and, 203; the personality of, 231; trial and death, 232; his philosophy, 231, 234 Soldiers, Spartan, 204; professional, 238 Solon, the Spartans and, 74; his laws, 97, 99, 100, 191; poetry, 100; and Egypt, 101; and Peisistratus, 110; and Cleisthenes, 118; and funerals, 191; historians and, 228 Sophistry, 231 Sophocles, actors in, 174; and the Athenian spirit, 177; number of his works, 182; and Aristophanes, 186 Sophrosune, 10 Sparta, conservative in type, 6; its smallness, 10; political system, 73, 83; and the Olympian Games, 77; government, 84; kings, 84; Ephorate, 85; Mixed Constitution, 86; an aristocracy, 87; Helots, 87; Neighbours, or Perioikoi, 87; the city, 87; as conqueror, 88; military education and discipline, 83, 88-89; art, 88; coinage, 89; education, 89; women, 90; marriage customs, 90; children and youths, 91; warfare, 92; relaxations, 93; Spartan character, 93; conservatism, 94; and Persian invasion, 137; and democracy, 196; and Lysander, 200; domination and aggression of, 198, 203, 205; an inland power, 199; government, 200; soldiers, 204; and Thebes, 207; reformation of, 239; and the confederacies, 244; government under the Romans, 261 Sparta and Athens, 133, 135, 195; conflict between, 83, 143 Spartans of the Dorian race, 40 Spartiate race of Lacedæmon, 239 Spartiates, the, 84, 87, 88, 239 Sphacteria, 144, 160 Sphinx, the, 58 “Spinario,” the, 161 Stackelberg, Baron von, 170 Stadium, the, 226 Stage, the, 174, 175 Stagira, 253 Stesichorus of Himera, 129 Stoic philosophy, the, 167, 257, 258 Stoicism and Christianity, 261 Stone Age, the, in Crete, 18 Strategoi, 117 Studniczka, Prof., 126 Styx, the, 189, 233 “Successors, the,” 244 Sulla, 220 Swinburne, A. C., on Sappho, 120 Sybaris, 127, 128 Syracuse, poets of, 129; tyrants of, 78, 129, 250; Doric columns, 131; coins, 129, 131, 225 “Syrinx,” the, 224 Tanagra statuettes, 227 Tartarus, 233 Taygetus, Mount, 87 “Tearless Battle,” 208 Tegea, 218 Telamon, 147 Telamones of Acragas, 166 Tempe, 9, 137 Temples, Doric, in Selinus, 130 Ten Thousand, the march of the, 201 Tenean Apollo, 69 Tenedos, 226 Terence, 253 Terpander, 88, 122 Textile art in Homer, 55 Thalamos, 59 Thalassa (Sea), 152 Thalassocracies, 15 Thales of Miletus, 101, 119, 122 Thaletus, 15 Theagenes, 110 Theatre of Dionysus, 168, 175, 226 Theatres, 173 Theban and Persian alliance, 207 Thebes and the Persians, 137; and Epaminondas, 205; Theban hegemony, 207; destroyed, 243 Themis, 69 Themistocles and the sea, 5; and ships, 135; and the sea-fight of Salamis, 138-140; ostracised, 141; biographies of, 228 Theocritus, 180, 249, 261 Theopompus, 228 Theramenes, 100, 197, 232 Thermopylæ, 92, 93, 113, 138 Theron, 130 Thersites, 50 Theseum, the, 167 Theseus, the story of, 15; legendary King of Athens, 96, 97; Peisistratus and, 110, 111; the Panathenæa, 112; “Theseus” statue, 152; the contests of (sculpture), 153; and Peirithous, 180; the bones of, 97, 190 Thesmophoria, 98 Thespis, 174 Thessalians, the, 38 Thessaly, 18, 137, 237 Thetis, 51 Thirty Tyrants, the, 197, 232 “Tholos,” 29 Thorwaldsen, A., 147 Thrace, gold in, 6; and expansion of Athens, 240; coin of, 246 Thracian Chersonese, the, 110 Thrasybulus, 197 “Three Fates, The,” 152 Thucydides and tradition, 100; and Greek tragedy in history, 136; and Pericles, 143; and the perspective of Greek history, 194; ethical purpose, 228; speeches in, 229 Thurii, 142 Tiberius, Emperor, 218 Timanthes, 79 Timotheus of Miletus, 224 Tiryns, 24, 28 Tissaphernes, 199, 201 Tombs, 188; Mycenæan, 29; objects from, 191 Tombstones, 192 Traeis, battle of the, 127 Tragedy, 173-183; development of, 76 Triphylia, 202 Tripod of Delphi, 68 Triptolemus, 98, 190 Troy, ruins of, 13, 36; Homer and, 41 Truce, Sacred, 77 Turkestan, 243 Turkey, rule of, and war with modern Greece, 262 Tyranny, 256 Tyrants, the, 104, 105 Tyre, 244; destroyed, 247; and Sidon, 129 Tyrtæus, 88 “Unities,” the dramatic, 182 Valhalla, 189 Vaphio gold cups, 30 “Varvakeion” statuette, 148 Vase-painting, decadence, 265 Vases, funeral, 191; metal vases, 225. See also Pottery Vatican, the, 265 Venetians, the, 262 Venus, 213; Medici Venus, 214; Venus of Milo, 251 Vergil, 261 Victory, Parthenon pediment, 152; at Olympia, 160; the Wingless Victory, 164; of Brescia, 252; of Samothrace, 252 Virtue, 257 Vitruvius on the orders of architecture, 227 Waldstein, Prof., on the Parthenon figures, 152 War and democracy, 195 War of Independence, 262 Warfare among the Greeks, 203 Wedgwood art, 263 Whitelaw’s, Mr., translation of Sophocles, 178 Winckelmann, 265 Wolf-god, 99 Women in Homer, 58; and nudity, 82; and gymnastics, 82; Spartan women, 90 Wordsworth’s “Ode on Immortality” and the Platonic theory, 234 Writing, earliest European, 20 Xanthippus, 141 Xanthus, Harpy Tomb, 188, 123 Xenophanes of Colophon, 128 Xenophon and the Persian war, 201; the Catabasis, 202; retires to Sparta, 202; his works, 203; and the battle of Leuctra, 206; as writer, 210; favours Sparta, 228; and Socrates, 231 Xerxes, 72, 116, 136, 139 Zaleucus of Locri, 73, 128 Zeno, 167, 257 Zeus, birthplace of, 15; heaven of, 39; in Homer, 50; and minor deities, 66; athletic honours to, 76; in the Parthenon pediment, 151; the “Dresden Zeus,” 148; gold statue of, at Olympia, 109; by Pheidias, 148, 149; temple of, 111 168, 261; Zeus Ammon, 251 Zeuxis, 191, 213, 223 Zoology, Aristotle and, 254

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