INDEX OF SUBJECTS
Reading edition
Absorption frequencies, 199 ff.
Absorption spectra, 200 ff.
Alpha particles: charge of, 158 f.,
180; deflection of, 192; penetration
by, 190, 194; range of,
190
Amperian current, 21
Angular momentum, atomicity of,
216
Aristotelian philosophy, 9
Atom, 26; the Bohr, 209; constituents
of, 41, 189; in helium,
141; hydrogen, 26, 27, 42, 215;
impenetrable portion, 194; loose
structure of, 139, 194; miniature
stellar system, 141; multiply
charged 143; nucleus of, 193;
size of, 183; structure of, 182;
a system, 184
Atom-ion theory, 37
Atomic numbers of elements, 286
Atomic structures, 222, 224, 229,
230, 231; and spectral lines,
205
Atomic system, 193
Atomic theories: of matter, 6, 7, 8,
10, 15, 77, 157; of electricity,
15, 23 f., 66, 163; and strain
theory, 18
Atomic weight, 196, 202, 206, 207
Atoms, number of, 195
Avogadro’s constant, 30, 261;
rule, 183
Balance, electrical 103; quartz,
103
Balanced-drop method, 57 ff., 66
Balmer-Ritz equation, 210, 215
216
Balmer series, 204, 213, 214 f.; constant
of, 214
Black-body radiation, 232, 236,
237
Bohr atom, 209, 211 ff.; orbits for
hydrogen, 215; theory, 210, 214,
230, 231; quantum principle,
218
Bohr-Sommerfeld model of hydrogen
atom, 219
Bohr’s: derivation of Rydberg
constant, 282; periodic table,
226
Brownian movements, 10, 131,
136, 145 ff., 147, 164, 167, 170,
171, 175, 268, 270; determining
from, 167; Einstein-, equation,
151, 156, 175, 180; equation,
268; experiments with dust-free
air, 165; fluctuations of,
171; in gases, 145, 149, 150,
in liquids, 156
Cathode rays, 23 f.; charge on, 80;
for, 42; frequencies of X-ray
spectra, 197 f.
Cavendish Laboratory, 33, 35,
44, 48, 54
Charge: of alpha particle, 158 f.;
change of, in drop, 77, 133, 249;
constant molecular, 19; electrical,
22, 28, 30, 40, 46; free
positive, on atoms, 196; frictional,
72, 73, 76; granular
structure of, 77; ionic, 47, 76;
mass of, on sphere of radius ,
272; multiple, 143; positive
and negative, 12, 27; ratio of,
to mass, 42; single, 134, value
of, 59
Cluster-ion theory, 37
Compton effect, 256, 257 f., 259,
260, 261 (Fig. 36); theory of scattering,
284 ff.
Corpuscular theory, 233
Coulomb, 28
Democritus, principles of, 9
Discontinuity, of radiation, 244,
254
Drop: density of, 114; law of
motion of, 124; rigid, 87;
velocity of, 86; weighing the,
102
Duane’s effect, 246
: constant value of, 169, 177;
essential elements of measurement,
124; exact evaluation of,
90, 103, 114 f.; final value of, 120,
26; fundamental physical and
chemical constant, 17; H. A.
Wilson’s work on, 54; method of
obtaining, 138, 160, 162 f.; Sir
J. J. Thomson’s work on, 49, 33;
Townsend’s work on, 43 ff.,
263; variation in, 169, 171, 172
Einstein-Bohr equation, 248
Einstein’s equation, 146 f., 149, 156;
157, 238, 239, 242, 243, 247,
230; history of, 244 ff.
Einstein’s quantum theory, 237,
236
Electricity: absolute unit of, 29,
31; atomic theory of, 6, 10, 21,
66; early views of, 6 f.; Franklin’s
theory of, 14, 20, 24;
growth of theories of, 10 f.; ion
of, 28; and light, 232; and matter,
186; proof of atomic
nature of, 66, 131; structure
of, 3, 4; two-fluid theory, 13
Electrolysis, 27, 28, 43
Electrolytic laws, 25
Electromagnetic theory of mass,
20, 183, 187; conflict with, 212
Electron, 4, 26, 77, 261; basis of
all static charges, 72; early
values of, 27-63; energy of,
239, 250, 282; mass of, 27; origin
of the word, 23; positive
and negative equal, 82, 83,
182, 208; radius of, 183 f.,
188; speed of, 191; theory of,
11, 21, 24
Electronic energy, 245
Electronic orbits of atoms, 221,
222
Electrons: emission of, 233, 236;
number of, in atom, 193; number
of free positive, in nucleus,
277, 281
Elements, with atomic numbers
and weights, and chemical positions,
286
: for cathode rays, 42; value of,
in electrolysis, 27, 30; value of,
in exhausted tubes, 43; for
negative and positive ions, 43;
Bucherer’s value of, 214
Emission energy of electron, 236,
250 f.; explosive, 253; from light,
251
Epstein theory of orbit, 219, 220
Ether, 16, 26; theory, 232, 235
Ether-stress theory, 17 f.; objections
to, 248
Ether-string theory, Thomson’s,
236, 237, 248, 249
Faraday constant, 120
Faraday’s laws, 15, 19, 22, 25
Faraday lines, 237
Faraday-Maxwell theory, 17
Franklin theory, 20
Gamma rays, 232, 232
Gaseous conduction, nature of, 32
Gases: electrical properties of, 46;
ionization of, 123; gases, quantitative
measurements in, 147
Gram molecule, volume of in
gases, 30, 31
Grating: molecular, 197; spacing,
261
Greek philosophy, 1, 2, 9 f., 232
, value of, 117, 212, 213, 242,
245, 261
Hipp chronoscope, 74
“Hot spark,” 143, 220
Ion, 28, 29; diffusion coefficient of,
36, 262; gaseous and electrolytic,
34; isolation of, 67; mobility
of, 35, 36 f., 39, 262;
positive and negative, 38, 48;
univalent, in electrolysis, 34, 39
Ionic charge, 29, 39, 45, 47, 176;
elementary, 76; mobility, 264
Ionization: by rays, 139 f., 144;
by -rays, 138, 144; by ether
waves, 134, 144; gaseous and
electrolytic, 39; mechanism of
gaseous, 125; oil-drop experiments
in, 127, 141; by X-rays
and radium rays, 125, 134
Kinetic energy: of atom, 194, 273;
of light, 239; of translation of
molecule, 261
Kinetic theory, 8, 31, 49, 157;
of gases, 145, 268
Lenard’s trigger theory, 251
Light-quantas, 244, 256
Mass, electrical theory of, 185,
188; of hydrogen atom, 261;
variation of with speed, 188
Mass of charge on sphere of
radius , 272
Maxwell-Boltzmann law, 81
Maxwell distribution law, 151,
275 f.; theory, 24
Mean free path of a gas molecule,
8, 183, 275
Mean free path of a negative electron,
191
Measurements, exact, 58, 65
Molecular cross-section, 275
Molecule: diameter of, 215; of
gas, 261; kinetic energy of
agitation of, 80, 81, 194
Moseley’s discovery, 196, 203;
atomic numbers, 198, 200, 203;
atomic weights, 202; X-ray
frequencies equal, 246
Moseley’s law, 204 f.; inexactness
of, 216
, value of, in electrolysis, 31;
in gases, 35, 262
, discrepancies, 168 ff.; in gases,
34, 125, 166 f.; value of, for
electrolysis, 30, 31; value of, for
negative and positive ions, 125
Norman Bridge Laboratory, 4
Nucleus: of atom, 193; charge on,
195; number of electrons in,
207, 277, 281
Peltier effects, 20
Perrin’s value of , 170
Photo-electric effect, 236, 244, 246,
255
Planck’s , 117, 212, 213, 242, 245,
261
Positive and negative electrical
charges, , 12
Quantitative measurements in
gases, 147
Quantum theory of radiation,
Einstein’s, 237 f.; Planck’s, 253
Radiant energy, 242, 245; nature
of, 232
Radiation, black-body, 237; discontinuous,
244; quantum theory
of, 237, 253; theories of, 232;
Thomson’s ether-string theory,
236, 237
Radium, conductivity in air due
to, 33; as ionizing agent, 53, 57,
79; mechanism of ionization by,
125; structure of atom of, 230
Resistance to motion independent
of charge, 86
Rutherford’s method, 277
Rydberg constant, 210, 282; value
of, 282
Ryerson Laboratory, 4, 37, 93, 94,
95, 150, 178, 209, 239
Stark effect, 219
Stefan-Boltzmann constant , 117,
261
Stokes’s law, 48, 49, 52, 55, 63,
66, 167; correction of, 98 f.,
101, 113, 162; failure of, 90 ff.,
93, 98, 163; limits of validity
of 95 ff.
Sub-electron, 161 f., 166, 175,
181
Thomson-Einstein hypothesis, 253
Valency in gaseous ionization,
127 f.
Velocity of agitation of molecules,
8; of emission of electrons under
monochromatic light, 245
Velocity of drop, 86, 101
Vienna Academy, 153, 175
Viscosity of air, 93
Wave theory, 233, 234
Wien constant , 117, 261
X-rays, 23, 33, 39, 40, 46, 50,
57, 192, 204, 235, absorption of,
199; Duane’s method, 214;
frequencies, 202, 246; ionizing
agent, 79, 126, 134; and
series, 204; and light, 248;
mechanism of ionization by,
125; monochromatic 246; photographs
of spectra, Fig. 21;
spectra, 196, 200; spectrometer,
197; wave-lengths of metals, 197