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The decline of the West, Volume 1

Volume 1 — INDEX (continued 2)

Charles Francis Atkinson translation

Spain, period of ascendency, incident and destiny, 148, 150

Spaniards, and discovery, 333

Spanish-Sicilian art, contemporaries, table ii

Spanish Succession War, and cultural rhythm, 110n.; as epoch, 149

Sparta, myth, 11; and music, 223

Spencer, Herbert, and economic ascendency, 367; contemporaries, table i

Spengler, Oswald, reception of book, ix; basis of philosophy, xiii-xv, 49n.

Speyer Cathedral, 185, 224

xxviiiSpinoza, Baruch, and dualism, 307; and force, 413

Spirit, and soul in Arabian dualism, 306. See also Body; History; Morale; Nature; Philosophy; Religion; Soul

Spirit land, cultural conception, 333

Spirit-wall, 203

Spitzweg, Karl, significance of colour, 252

Sport, and Civilization, 35

Stahl, Georg Ernst, chemical theory, 384

Stained glass. See Glass painting

Stamitz, Johann K., Classical contemporary, 177; and four-part movement, 231; period, 284

State. See Politics

Statics, as Classical system, 384, 393; no Western concept, 414. See also Natural science

Statistics, and probability, 421

Steamship, Classical anticipation, 334

Stendhal, and psychology, 319

Stipel, and zero, 178n.

Stirner, Max, and morale, 346; and Hegelianism, 367; contemporaries, table i

Stoicism, and Civilization, 32, 352; and money, 33, 36; practicality, 45; homology, 111; and state, 138; and corporeality, 177; weak soul, 203; ethic, 315, 347, 355, 367; and will, 344n., 347; scientific basis of ideas, 353; as end-phenomenon, 356, 357; and contemporaries, 357, 358, 361, table i; irreligion, 359, 409; and diet, 361

Stone, as symbol, 188, 195, 206; polish, 248n. See also Architecture; Marble; Sculpture

Strassburg Minister, Arabian influence, 213

Streets, cultural attitude, 109; Western aspect and depth-experience, 224, 241; Egyptian aspect, 224n.

Strindberg, August, provincialism, 24, 33n.; sex problem, 35; and morale, 346, 374; and Civilization, 352

String music, in Western Culture, 231, 252n.

Strzygowski, Josef, on Arabian art, 184, 209

Style, as cultural emanation, 108, 200, 202; brave Egyptian, 201-203; Chinese, 203; weak Classical, 203-205; history as organism, cultural basis, 205; stages of each style, 206; history of Arabian, 207-214; and technical form of arts, 220; in natural science, 387, 391

Suez Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, 42

Sufism, contemporaries, table i

Suhrawardi, on body, 248

Suicide, cultural attitude, 204

Sulla, incident, 139; contemporaries, table iii

Sunda, islands of, Roman knowledge, 334

Superman, in Nietzsche and Shaw, 350, 369, 370; natural selection, 371

Sutras, contemporaries, table i

Sylvester II, pope, and clock, 15n.

Symbolism, in living thought, xiii; symbols of a culture, 4, 13, 31; in historical morphology, 7, 46; clock and bell, 14, 131, 134n.; money and Civilization, 34; in the become, 101; actuality, 101, 168; symbols (names) and fear, 123, 193, 397; of funeral customs, 134, 135; of museums, 135; of world-history, 163; symbols defined, 163; spatiality, 165; and knowledge of death, 166; kind of extension as cultural symbol, 173-175; cultural prime symbols, plurality, 174, 179, 180, 189, 190, 196, 203, 337; writing as cultural symbol, 197n.; window, 199, 210, 224; in colour and gold, 245-249; as replacing images, 407

Synagogues, patterns, 211n.

Syncretism, architectural expression, 209; cults, 228; contemporaries, table i

Syracuse, culture city, 32; and Plato, 42

Syria, music of sun-worship, 228; contemporaries of art, table ii. See also Arabian Culture

Taboo, idea, 80; effect of naming, 123; side of art, 127. See also Religion

Tacitus, Cornelius, ahistoric consciousness, 10, 11; limited background, 132, 133

Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles de, on life before 1789, 207

Talmud, dualism, 306; determinism, 307; and nature, 393; contemporaries, table i

Tanis, Hyksos Sphinx, 108, 262

Tanit, as deity, 406

Tao, principle, 14, 190, 203, 228; perspective, 311n.

Tarquins, myth, 11; contemporaries, table iii

Tartessus, realm, 332n.

Tartini, GiuseppeGiuseppe, orchestration, 231; violin story, 276n.

Tasso, Torquato, and fixed scene, 325

Taygetus, Mount, Lycurgus as local god, 11

Technics, and future of Western Culture, 41, 44

Technique, and theory, 395

Teleology, as caricature, 120

Telephus Frieze. See Pergamene

Telescope, as Western symbol, 331

Tell-el-Amarna, art, 193n., 293

Tellez, Gabriel. See Tirso de Molina

Tellus Mater, materiality, 403

Temperature, and dynamics, 414

Templum, as cult-plan, 185

Tension, as Western principle, 386

Ten Thousand, expedition, as episode, 147, 336n.

Terpander, music, 223

Thales, and problem of knowing, 365, 381

xxixThalestas, music, 223

Thebes, autumnal city, 99

Themistocles, ahistoric consciousness, 9; morale, 349

Theocritus, irreligion, 358

Theory, and fact, 378; and religion, 395

Theosophy, conversion, 346

Theotokos, and Mary-cult, 137n., 267, 268

Theresa, Saint, and Western morale, 348

Thermodynamics, first law and energy, 413; second law, entropy, 420

Theseus legends, contemporaries, table i

Thing-become. See Become

Thing-becoming. See Becoming

Thinite Period, contemporaries, tables ii, iii

Thinker, defined, xiii

Third Kingdom, as Western conception, 363; and lie of life, 364

Thirty Years’ War, as epoch, 149

Thoma, Hans, painting, 289

Thomas Aquinas, influence of Joachim of Floris, 20; and destiny, 141; ethic, 309; religion, 394; contemporaries, table i

Thoroughbass, and geometry, 61; rise, 230

Thorwaldsen, Albert, sculpture, 245

Thothmes, workshop, 193n.

Thucydides, ahistoric consciousness, 9; limited background, 10, 132, 133n.

Thunder-pattern, 196

Thuthmosis III, maturity of culture, 94; contemporaries, table iii

Tiberius, as episode, 140; contemporaries, table iii

Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, painting, 283; ease, 292

Time, and historical morphology, 6; and history, problems, 49, 95, 103, 158; and direction, 54, 56; and mathematics, 64, 125, 126; enigma, as word, effect of naming, 79, 121-123; direction and extension, 99, 172; and destiny and causality, 119, 120; unawareness, 122; mechanical conception, 122; “space'“space of time”, 122n.; and Relativity, 124n., 419; and space, scientific explanation, counter-concept, 124-126, 170; ahistoric and historic drama, cultural basis, 130; cultural symbolism of clock, 131, 134; and cause and incident, 142; as feeling, 154; and nature, 158, 387-391; past and transience, 166; direction and dimension, 169n.; and depth, 172, 173; and imitation and ornament, 193-195, 197; direction and will, 308; direction and aim, 361. See also Becoming; Destiny; History; Space

Time of day, cultural attitude, 324, 325

Tintoretto, background, 239

Tiresias, cult, 185

Tirso de Molina, and unities, 323

Tiryns, funeral customs, 135

Titian, period, 108; technique, brushwork, 221, 249; and Raphael, 227; and colour, 242, 252; and popularity, 243; portraits as biography, 264; and body, 271; Baroque, 274; impressionism, 286; contemporaries, table ii

Title, symbolic importance, 408n.

Toleration, cultural attitude, 343, 404, 410, 411

Tolstoi, Leo, and Europe, 16n.; provincialism, 24; on notion of death, 166; philosophy, 309

Totem, side of art, 128. See also Religion; Taboo

Tragedy. See Drama

Trajan, analogy, 39; and Arabian art, 211; forum, 215; contemporaries, table iii

Transcendentalism, Western, 311

Transience, notion, 166

Trecento, so-called Renaissance, 233n.

Trent, Council of, Jesuit domination, 148; and Western Christianity, 247; and church music, 268n.; and Western morale, 348

Trigonometry, contemporaries, table i. See also Mathematics

Trinity, as physical problem, 383

Trojan War, and Crusades, 10n., 27

Troubadours, imitative music, 229

Truth, relativity, cultural basis, xiii, 41, 46, 60, 146, 178-180, 304, 313, 345

Tscharvaka, contemporaries, table i

Tsin, contemporaries, 37, table iii

Turfan, Indian dramas, 295

Turgot, Anne R. J., economic theory, 417

Tuscany. See Florence; Renaissance

Tusculum, battle, 349n.

Twelfth Night, 325

Twilight of the Gods, Christian form, 400

Tyche, as deity, 146

Tzigane music, improvisation, 195

Uhde, Fritz K. H. von, and religious painting, 288n.

Ulm Minster, as model, 224

Unities, dramatic, Classical and Western attitude, 323

Universe, cultural attitude, 330-332

Upanishads, contemporaries, table i

Usefulness, cult, 155, 156

Uzzano bust, Donatello’s, 272

Vaishnavism, 136n.

Valcashika, contemporaries, table i

Valhalla, conception, 186, 187; history, 400; and unitary space, 403

xxxValkyries, and unitary space, 403

Valmy, battle, Goethe and significance, 149

Van Dyck, Anthony, musical expression, 250

Varangians, movement-stream, 333n.

Varro, M. Terentius, classification of gods, 11; on religions, 394

Varyags, movement-stream, 333n.

Vasari, Giorgio, on imitation, 192

Vase-painting, Classical, and time of day, 226, 325; Renaissance, 237

Vatican, Raphael’s frescoes, 237, 279; Michelangelo’s, 263, 275, 395

Vaux-le-Vicomte, park, 241

Vector, concept and Baroque art, 311; and motion, 314

Vedanta doctrine, 352, 355; contemporaries, table i

Vedas, homology, 111; contemporaries, table i

Vegetarianism, and Civilization, 361

Velasquez, Diego, musical expression, 250; and body, 271; period, 283; as religious, 358

Venice, and Arabian Culture, 211, 216, 235; art ascendency, 224; school of painting, 227, 281; music, 230, 236, 282; and Renaissance, 273. See also Titian

Venus and Rome, temple, 211

Verlaine, Paul, autumnal accent, 241

Vermeer, Jan, technique, 221; colour, 251, 253; period, 283

Veronese, Paolo. See Paolo

Verrocchio, Andrea, sculpture, Colleone statue, 235, 238, 272; goldsmith, 237; and portrait, 271; anti-Gothic, 275n.

Versailles, park, 241

Vesta, materiality, 403

Viadana, Lodovico, music, 230

Vienna, master-builders, 207; chamber music, 232

Vieta, François, significance of algebraic notation, 71

Vignola, Giacomo, architecture, liberation, 87, 313, 412

Village Sheikh, statue, 265

Violin, as Western symbol, 231, 252n.

Viollet-le-Duc, Eugene E., and restorations, 254n.

Virtue, cultural concepts of manly, 348. See also Truth

Vishnu, and Krishna, 136n.

Vision, and history and art, 95, 96, 102, 142

Vitruvius, and arch and column, 204

Völuspá, unitary space, 185. See also Eddas

Voltaire, contemporary mathematics, 66; and imperialism, 150; contemporaries, table i

Voluntas, meaning, 310n.

Vulturnus, materiality, 403

Wagner, Richard, sensuousness, 35; and popularity, 35, 327; foreshadowing by, 111; modernity, 111; and imagination, 220; end-art, 223, 425; impressionism, and endless space, 282, 286, 292; and form and size, 291, 352; striving, 292; and psychology, 319; and Civilization, 352; character of Nihilism, 357; irreligion, 358; nebulous aim, 363, 364; and lie of life, 364; and Nietzsche, 370; and socio-economic ethics, 370, 372, 373; forest-longing, 397

Wallenstein, Albrecht von, horoscope, 147; contemporaries, table iii

Walther von der Vogelweide, lyrics, 324

Wang-Cheng, contemporaries, table iii

Wang Hü, imperialism, 37

Washington, George, contemporaries, table iii

Washington, D. C., contemporaries, 112

Wasmann, Rudolf F., act and portrait, 271n.; and grand style, 289

Watteau, Jean A., period, 108; “singing” picture, 219, 232, 283; colour, 246, 247, 253; contemporaries, table ii

Way, as Egyptian prime symbol, 174, 189, 201

Wazo of Liége, Bishop, as warrior, 349n.

Wedgwood ware, and Sèvres, 150n.

Weierstrass, Karl T. W., on poetry in mathematics, 62; and time, 126

Weimar, culture city, 29, 139

Weininger, Otto, position in Western ethics, 374

Western Culture, clock and bell as symbols, 14, 15n., 131, 134; mathematic, function, 15, 62, 68, 74-78, 87-90; irrational idea of historical culmination in, 16-20, 39; provincialism, 22-25, 39; Classical contemporary of present period, 26; destiny, acceptance, 32, 37-41, 44, 336; philosophy of decline, 45, 46; World War as type of change, 46-48; infinite space as prime symbol, art expression, 81, 86, 87, 89, 174-178, 184-187, 198-201, 224, 229-232, 239-242, 281-285, 337; and popularity, 85, 243, 326-328, 362; historic basis, destiny-idea, 97, 129, 130, 133-135, 143, 145, 363; morphological aspect, 100; dramatic form, 129; expression of soul, portrait, 130, 260-266, 304; and care and sex, 136; attitude toward state, 137; economic organization, 138; religious expression, 140, 185-188, 312, 398-401; Franco-Spanish period of maturity, 148, 150n.; English basis of Civilization, 151, 371; final test of foreseeing destiny, 159; birth of soul, attributes, 167, 183; literary expression, 185-188; art-work and sense-organ, imagination, 220; secularization of arts, 230; form and content, 242; position of sculpture, 244;

xxxi colour symbol, 245-247, 250; brushwork as symbol, 249; unity, 252; and motherhood, 266-268; languages, 302n.; as will-culture, 308-312; and time of day, 324; significance of astronomy, 330-332; and discovery, 332-337; aspects of ethics, 367-369; culture and dogma, 410; spiritual epochs, table i; art epochs, table ii; political epochs, table iii. See also Art; Civilization; Cultures; History; Nature; Politics; Spirit

Weyden'Weyden, Rogier van der. See Rogier

Wilhelm, Meister, painting, 263

Will, free will and destiny, 140, 141; unexplainable, 299; as Western concept, 302, 304, 308-313; and reason, 308; and Western concept of God, 312; and character, 314; and life, 315; and Western morale, 341-345, 373

Willaert, Adrian, music, in Italy, 236, 252

Winckelmann, Johann J., narrow Classicalism, 28n.

Wind instruments, colour expression, 252n.

Window, cultural significance, 199, 210, 224

Woermann, Karl, on catacomb Madonna, 137n.

Wolfram von Eschenbach, world-outlook, 142; forest-longing, 186, 397; and Grail, 213n.; and popularity, 243; tragic method, 319, 324

Woodwind instruments, colour expression, 252n.

Word, relation to number, 57. See also Language; Names

Work, Protestant works, 316n.; and deed, 355; and Socialism, 362; Western concept, 413

World, and soul and life, 54

World-Ash Yggdrasil, as symbol, 396

World conceptions, historical and natural, overlapping, 98-100, 102, 103, 119, 153, 154, 158; (diagram), 154; symbolic, 163-165; happening and history, 153. See also History; Macrocosm; Nature

World-end, as symbol of Western soul, 363, 423

World-fear, creative expression, 79-81

World-longing, development, and world-fear, 78-81

World War, and Spengler’s theories, ix, xv; as type of historical change of phase, 46-48, 110n.; contemporaries, table iii

Writing, alphabet and historical consciousness, 12n.; as ornament, 194n., 197n. See also Language

Würzburg, Marienkirche and style, 200; master-builders, 207

Wu-ti, contemporaries, table iii

Yahweh, dualism, 312, 402

Yang-chu, practical philosophy, 45

Yellow, symbolism, 246

Yggdrasil, as symbol, 396

Yoga doctrine, 355; contemporaries, table i

Youth, and future, 152

Zama, as marking a period, 36

Zarathustra. See Zoroaster

Zarlino, Giuseppe, music, 230, 282

Zend Avesta, dualism, 306, 307; and nature, 393; contemporaries, table i

Zeno, of Elea. See Eleatic philosophy

Zeno, the Stoic, ethic, 347, 354; character of Nihilism, 357; and mathematics, 366; contemporaries, table i

Zenodorus, as Arabian thinker, 63

Zero, Classical mathematic and, 66-68; and theory of the limit, 86; cultural conception, 178

Zeuxis, painting, light and shadow, 207, 242n., 283, 325n.

Zola, Emile, journalism, 360

Zoroaster, Nietzsche’s “Zarathustra”, 30, 342, 363, 370, 371; unimposed mystic benefits, 344n.; Arabian epic, 402. See also Zend Avesta

Zwinger, of Dresden, in style history, 108, 207, 285

Notes in this chapter

Note 4 · The attempts of the Greeks to frame something like a calendar or a chronology after the Egyptian fashion, besides being very belated indeed,Note 6 · Is there any Hellenic city that ever carried out one single comprehensive work that tells of care for future generations? The road and waterNote 8 · It was about 1000 A.D. and therefore contemporaneously with the beginning of the Romanesque style and the Crusades—the first symptoms of a nNote 10 · Here the historian is gravely influenced by preconceptions derived from geography, which assumes a Continent of Europe, and feels himself coNote 20 · This is conclusively proved by the selection that determined survival, which was governed not by mere chance but very definitely by a delibeNote 24 · One cannot fail to notice this in the development of Strindberg and especially in that of Ibsen, who was never quite at home in the civilizeNote 3 · The philosophy of this book I owe to the philosophy of Goethe, which is practically unknown to-day, and also (but in a far less degree) to tNote 11 · See Vol. II, pp. 227 et seq.Note 20 · I will only mention here the distances apart of the three Punic Wars, and the series—likewise comprehensible only as rhythmic—Spanish SuccesNote 1 · The sensuous life and the intellectual life too are Time; it is only sensuous experience and intellectual experience, the “world,” that is sNote 8 · The Relativity theory, a working hypothesis which is on the way to overthrowing Newton’s mechanics—which means at bottom his view of the proNote 34 · There is one famous episode in Greek history that may be thought to contradict this—the race against time of the galley sent to Mitylene to Note 35 · Besides the clock, the bell itself is a Western “symbol.” The passing-bell tolled for St. Hilda of Whitby in 680, and a century before that Note 43 · The Lingayats are one of the chief sects of the Saivas (that is, of the branch of Hinduism which devotes itself to Shiva) and Paewati worshiNote 47 · In connexion with this very important link in the Author’s argument, attention may be drawn to a famous wall-painting of very early date in Note 67 · The Western Culture of maturity was through-and-through a French outgrowth of the Spanish, beginning with Louis XIV. But even by Louis XVI’sNote 3 · The word dimension ought only to be used in the singular. It means extension but not extensions. The idea of the three directions is an out-Note 12 · This zero, which probably contains a suggestion of the Indian idea of extension—of that spatiality of the world that is treated in the UpaniNote 25 · For the workshop of Thothmes at Tell-el-Amarna, see Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, No. 52, pp. 28 et seq.Note 30 · Hence the ornamental character of script.Note 42 · And, finally, ornament in the highest sense includes script, and with it, the Book, which is the true associate of the cult-building, and asNote 74 · Probably synagogues of domical type reached these regions, and also Morocco, long before Islam, through the missionary enterprise of MesopotNote 76 · The Grail legend contains, besides old Celtic, well-marked Arabian elements; but where Wolfram von Eschenbach goes beyond his model ChrestieNote 5 · See Vol. II, p. 110. The aspect of the streets of Old Egypt may have been very similar to this, if we can draw conclusions from tesseræ discNote 29 · It was not merely national-Italian (for that Italian Gothic was also): it was purely Florentine, and even within Florence the ideal of one cNote 39 · In Classical painting, light and shadow were first consistently employed by Zeuxis, but only for the shading of the thing itself, for the puNote 40 · The brilliant polish of the stone in Egyptian art has a deep symbolic significance of much the same kind. Its effect is to dematerialize theNote 46 · The strings in the Orchestra represent, as a class, the colours of the distance. The bluish green of Watteau is found already in the NeapoliNote 50 · “In places, as you stand on it, the great towered and embattled enceinte produces an illusion: it looks as if it were still equipped and defNote 18 · There was indeed a beginning of this in the aristocratic epic of Homer—so nearly akin to the courtly narrative art of Boccaccio. But throughNote 20 · The famous statue now in the Lateran Museum, Rome.—Tr.Note 29 · By that test Rubens, and, among moderns, especially Feuerbach and Böcklin, lose, while Goya, Daumier, and, in Germany, Oldach, Wasmann, RaysNote 33 · It is the same “noble simplicity and quiet greatness”—to speak in the language of the German Classicists—that produces such an impression ofNote 34 · It has never been sufficiently noticed that the few sculptors who came after Michelangelo had no more than a mere workaday relation with marNote 41 · Hence the impossibility of achieving a genuinely religious painting on plein-air principles. The world-feeling that underlies it is so thoroNote 3 · Primitive languages afford no foundations for abstract ordered thought. But at the beginning of every Culture an inner change takes place inNote 18 · ἐθέλω and βούλομαι imply, to have the intention, or wish, or inclination (βουλή means counsel, council, plan, and ἐθέλω has no equivalent noNote 19 · The Chinese soul “wanders” in its world. This is the meaning of the East-Asiatic perspective, which places the vanishing point in the middleNote 24 · Luther placed practical activity (the day’s demands, as Goethe said) at the very centre of morale, and that is one of the main reasons why iNote 40 · It must be repeated that the Hellenistic shadow-painting of Zeuxis and Apollodorus is a modelling of the individual body for the purpose of Note 48 · As early as the second millennium before Christ they worked from Iceland and the North Sea past Finisterre to the Canaries and West Africa. Note 4 · This applies even more forcibly to the other “long-range” episode, that of the Ten Thousand (Xenophon, Anabasis I).—Tr.Note 3 · After what has been said above regarding the absence of pregnant words for “will” and “space” in the Classical tongues, the reader will not Note 5 · “He who hath ears to hear, let him hear”—there is no claim to power in these words. But the Western Church never conceived its mission thus.Note 11 · Not only as local sovereigns enforcing order, like the good Bishop Wazo of Liége who fought down his castled robber-barons one by one in theNote 48 · The symbolic importance of the Title, and its relation to the concept and idea of the Person, cannot here be dealt with. It must suffice to
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