INDEX

Abbot, J. H., Description of some new electro-magnetic, and magneto-electric instruments and experiments, xl, 104.^f

—, theory of the pneumatic paradox, xxxix, 296^f; xl, 144.^f

Aberration of the fixed stars, F. Struve, xlvii, 91.

Absorption in animals, mechanism of, F. Magendie, iii, 288.

Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia, history of, xlvii, 6.

— — —, notice of, viii, 399; xix, 88, 355; xxii, 183.

— — —, Journal of, when commenced, xix, 91.

— — —, notice of the Catalogue of the Library, xxxiii, 181.

— — —, Dr. Burrough's collections, xix, 355.

— — —, McClure's donation to, xxx, 187.

— — —, notice of Journal or Proceedings of, xx, 414; xxxix, 395; xlix, 183.

—, Maryland, of Science and Literature, xxx, 192, 395; xxxi, 395; xxxii, 204.

—, Delaware, of Natural Sciences, xxiv, 177.

—, St. Petersburgh, of Sciences, xx, 389; xxii, 203.

—, Stockholm, of Sciences, iv, 387.

Acarus, Crosse's, xxxii, 374^f; xxxv, 125^f; xlix, 227.

—, experiments of W. H. Weekes, xliii, 395.

—, the supposed microscopic fungus, xliii, 205.^f

Acetic acid, a new process for obtaining from alcohol, xxviii, 358.

— —, on crystallizable, C. Despretz, xxvii, 197.

Achromatic microscope, improvements in, E. Thomas, xx, 265.^f

Acid, acetic, new process for, from alcohol, xxviii, 358.

—, —, on crystallizable, C. Despretz, xxvii, 197.

—, angelicic, xlvii, 196.

—, apocrenic, Berzelius, xxviii, 121.

—, argento-cyanic, xviii, 334.

—, aspartic, xvii, 173.

—, benzoic, xlix, 194.

—, of butter, volatile, J. U. Lezch, xlix, 202.

—, boracic, of Tuscany, ii, 349; xxviii, 143; xxxvii, 270.

—, —, in the waters of Vulcano, ii, 349.

—, butyric, xlviii, 186.

—, carbonic, see carbonic acid.

—, chlorovinic, A. A. Hayes, xxii, 142.

—, chlorovinous, xxii, 142.

—, citric, from gooseberries, xvi, 385.

—, citricic, S. Baup, xxxiv, 206.

—, columbic, A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 166.

—, crenic, J. Berzelius, xxviii, 121.

—, cyanic, xvi, 258.

—, formic, see formic acid.

—, gallic, new process for, E. N. Kent, xlvi, 78.

—, hydriodic, preparation of, xvi, 383; xlvii, 192.

—, hydrobromic, xlvii, 192.

—, hydrochloric, experiments with reference to, Macaire and de la Rive, xi, 393.

—, hydro-carbo-sulphuric, preparation of, vii, 187.

—, hydroxanthic, vii, 376.

—, iodic, xx, 185; xxviii, 136.

—, —, combinations with vegetable alkalies, xix, 371.

—, kinic, detection of, J. Stenhouse, xlix, 391.

—, malic, M. Liebig, xxi, 156.

—, meconic, mode of obtaining, R. Hare, xii, 293.

—, metagallic, M. Pelouze, xxviii, 126.

—, muriatic, see Muriatic.

—, nitric, see Nitric.

—, opianic, xlvii, 196; xlix, 205.

—, opiano-sulphurous, xlix, 205.

—, oxalic, Gay Lussac, xxvii, 400.

—, phosphovinic, M. Pelouze, xxviii, 129.

—, prussic, see Prussic.

—, pyrocitric, vii, 187.

—, pyrogallic, M. Pelouze, xxviii, 126.

—, pyroligneous, ii, 340; v, 188; ix, 201; xiii, 175.

—, rosaic, in urine, xvii, 385.

—, saccharic, M. Heintz, xlviii, 193.

—, silicic, see Silica.

—, succinic, xlvii, 196.

—, sulphacetic, M. Melsens, xlviii, 193.

—, sulphuric, see Sulphuric.

—, sulphurous, see Sulphurous.

—, tartaric, manufacture at Glasgow, xli, 50.

—, of tomatos, xvii, 115.

—, uric, Liebig, xxxiv, 40.

Acids and salts, R. Hare's views on, xxvii, 63, 67.

—, on the formation of, in vegetables, M. Vauquelin, xviii, 150.

Acoustic rainbow, xxi, 381.

Actinolite, in Canada, viii, 68.

—, glassy, from Concord, Penn., analysis of, H. Seybert, vi, 331.

—, in Connecticut, vi, 226; vii, 253; viii, 259.

—, in Maryland, xiv, 12.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114; ii, 236; viii, 48, 235; ix, 54; x, 214.

—, in New Jersey, v, 246.

—, in New York, ix, 243, 250.

—, in North Carolina, v, 261.

—, in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; ix, 246; xiv, 9, 12, 13.

—, in Rhode Island, iv, 285; viii, 227; x, 10, 226.

—, in Vermont, iii, 76; iv, 54; v, 40, 271; xvii, 354.

Adams, C. B., mollusca of Middlebury, Vt., xl, 266.

—, new species of Thracia, xliii, 145.^f

—, note on the Pasithea sordida of Lea, xlii, 392.

Adams, E., divisibility of matter, xxviii, 163.

Adams, J., movement of rocks by ice, ix, 136.

—, theory of the construction of the thermometer, viii, 121.

Adams, S., observations and experiments on light, xlii, 123.

Adams, W. A., human footprints in rocks, and other artificial impressions, xliv, 200.

Adularia, in Connecticut, ii, 239, 240; vi, 221.

—, in Massachusetts, v, 41.

—, in New York, vii, 57.

Adulterations of various substances, on the detection of, E. D. Faust, xix, 70.

— of alcohol, xix, 71.

— of ammonia, xix, 72.

— of arrow root, xix, 72.

— of calomel, xix, 72.

— of castor oil, xix, 77.

— of chromate of lead, xix, 73.

— of copaiva, xix, 73.

— of iodide of potassium, xix, 74.

— of lemon juice, xix, 75.

— of morphine, xix, 75.

— of oil of sweet almonds, xix, 76.

— of oil of olives, xix, 76.

— of peroxide of manganese, xix, 78.

— of peruvian bark, xix, 81.

— of phosphate of soda, xix, 82.

— of prussic acid, xix, 70.

— of soda, xix, 83.

— of sulphate of magnesia, xix, 84.

— of sulphate of quinine, xix, 84.

— of tartrate of potash, xix, 85.

— of tartar emetic, xix, 86.

— of vinegar, xix, 86.

Aerial navigation, principles of, H. Strait, xxv, 15.^f

Aerolite, see Meteorite.

Aerostation, observations made during an ascent, E. Robertson, xii, 166, 325.

Africa, alum and other minerals in a cavern in Southern, xxviii, 290.

—, white race of Atlas in, xxxii, 400.

—, Journey in Northern, by Ehrenberg and Hemprich, vii, 195.

—, Northern, geological notices of, iv, 32.

—, geology of desert between Suez and Cairo, xxxiii, 288.

—, geology of Cape of Good Hope, G. Champion, xxix, 230.

African Cold Bokkeveld meteorite, notice of, xl, 199.

— dialects, J. W. Gibbs, xxxviii, 41; xxxix, 255.

Afzelius, obituary notice of, xxxiii, 211.

Agardh's Systema Algarum, announced, ii, 363; iv, 200.

Agaric mineral in N. York, xxv, 347.

— —, in Vermont, iii, 234, 242.

Agassiz on fossil fishes, notice of, xxviii, 193; xxxiv, 212;

abstract of, xxx, 33.

—, on the freshwater fishes of Central Europe, xxxix, 390; xlv, 211.

—, on the echinodermata, noticed, xxxiv, 212; xxxvii, 369; xlii, 378; xlv, 399.

—, glaciers and bowlders in Switzerland, xli, 59, 190.

—, former existence of glaciers in Scotland, xli, 191.

—, glacial theory of, xlii, 346.^f

—, visit of, to Mantell's Museum, xxviii, 194.

—, Wollaston medal awarded to, xxx, 382.

—, notice of the several works of, xli, 194.

Agate, in Canada, viii, 64.

—, in Connecticut, i, 134; v, 44, 45; vi, 216.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 113, 115; v, 407; vi, 52.

—, in New Jersey, i, 236; ii, 197; v, 239.

—, in North Carolina, v, 261, 264.

—, in Rhode Island, ix, 46.

—, in the Western States, i, 132; iii, 71; vii, 49.

—, cause of red color of, xxxvi, 207.

—, coralline, in the West Indies, i, 141.

Agave plant, and cordage from its fibre, xxi, 32.

— and other plants used for cordage, J. Mease and H. Perrine, xxv, 330.

Agricultural chemistry, remarks on, xli, 262.

Agriculture, rotation of crops in, M. Macaire, xxiii, 138.

Aikin, W. E. A., notices of the country between Baltimore and the Ohio river, xxvi, 219.^f

—, apparent diminution of weight in some circumstances, xxvii, 224.

Air, on the color of, by Count Xavier de Maistre, xxvi, 65.

—, currents in, see Winds.

—, temperature of, see Meteorology, Heat and Temperature.

Airpump, new, J. H. Patten, viii, 143.^f

—, remarks upon, with suggestions, J. F. Dana, viii, 275.^f

—, Patten's, remarks in reply to J. F. Dana, ix, 92.

—, new, M. Thilorier, xxiv, 379.

—, a new construction, R. Hare, xxxiii, 237.^f

—, improved, J. Johnston, xxxiv, 86.^f

— receiver, improved, J. Bell, xxviii, 353.^f

Akerly, S., on the language of signs, viii, 348.

Alabaster (gypsum) of the Mammoth Cave, Ky., xlii, 206.^f

Alasmodonta and Unio, on the genera and species, D. H. Barnes, vi, 107^f, 258.^f

—, descriptions of some, xiv, 289; xxv, 341.^f

—, see farther under Zoology, Mollusca.

Albite, a distinct species from feldspar, vii, 390.

— of Chesterfield, Massachusetts, analysis of, xxx, 381.

Albumen, precipitated by phosphoric acid, xvi, 396.

—, solubility of, A. Wurtz, xlviii, 184.

Alcohol, density in different states, xvi, 388.

—, on the colored flame of, xvi, 390.

—, observations on, by A. Eaton, xvi, 173.

—, detection of adulterated, xix, 71.

—, rectification of, ii, 358.

—, rectified without heat, x, 378.

—, proportion of, in wines and various fermented liquors, L. C. Beck, xxviii, 48.

—, combination with oil of turpentine, viii, 390.

—, action of, on alkalies, xl, 216.

—, action of chloride of lime on, xxiii, 134.

—, action of sulphuric acid on, xvi, 267.

— mixed with water, changes in the volume of, xxiv, 373.

— in bread, xxiii, 194.

— not in bread, xxvi, 211.

Alcyonium, in green sand, Maryland, xvii, 288.

Alden, T., account of descents in a diving bell at Portsmouth, N. H., xxii, 325.

Alder, J., notice of, xxxvii, 168.

Aldini, on the preservation of firemen from the action of flame, by asbestus cloth and other means, xx, 96.^f

Aldridge, on vegetable impregnation, xli, 62.

Alembic for distilling amalgam of gold, M. F. Maury, xxxiii, 66.^f

Alexander, J. H., new form of barometer, xlv, 233.^f

Algebraic series, J. Wallace, vii, 278.

— —, remarks on, viii, 131.

— —, reply by J. Wallace, ix, 98.

— —, reply to J. Wallace, ix, 293.

— solutions, by C. Wilder, xvi, 271.

Alger, F., Beaumontite and Lincolnite identical with Heulandite, xlvi, 233.^f

—, mineralogy of Nova Scotia, xii, 227; xiv, 305; xv, 132, 201.

—, minerals of New Holland, xxxix, 157.^f

—, zinc mines of Franklin, New Jersey, xlviii, 252.

—, mineralogy of, reviewed, xlvii, 333.

Alkalies, bases of, discovered, by Davy, xvii, 228.

Alkanet, a substitute for litmus or turmeric, R. Hare, v, 348.

Allan, J., on coins and medals, with a notice of the New Haven medal, xxxvii, 285.

Allanite, analysis of, xxviii, 394.

—, of Monroe, N. Y., analysis of, xlvi, 37.

—, in New York, xl, 76.

Allen, J. A., supposed traces of a volcano about West River Mountain, Vermont, iii, 73.

—, luminous appearances in the atmosphere, iv, 341.

Allen, W., on the curves of tri-section, iv, 343.

Allen, Z., volume of the Niagara river, xlvi, 67.^f

Allinson, S. Jr., on the atomic weight of mercury, xvi, 183.

Allomorphite, xlii, 386.

Allotropism of chlorine, J. W. Draper, xlix, 346.^f

Alloxan and Alloxantine, preparation of, W. Gregory, xli, 54.

Alloy of tin and antimony, action of, with nitric and muriatic acids, xlix, 206.

Alluvial district (tertiary and cretaceous) of New Jersey, vi, 237.

— deposits at Malbay, L. C., v, 221.

— — of the Mohawk, xxiii, 207.

Alluvium of the Connecticut valley, vi, 80, 83.

Alluvium of the valley of the Muskingum, xxix, 9.

Almonds, bitter, amygdaline in, xix, 384.

Aloes, medicinal effects, xxiv, 274.

Alpaca and Alpaca wool, remarks on, xli, 63.

Alphabet, proposed change in the English, xxxix, 197; xlvii, 420.

Alpnach, slide of, xxiv, 124.

Alps, notice of Hugi's Travels in, with some account of the geology of, xxviii, 296.

—, Bernese, ascent of the high peak Fisteraarhorn, by Hugi, xxviii, 301.

—, atmospheric "cannonade" in, xxviii, 303.

—, notice of Forbes's travels in, and account of icebergs, xlvi, 172.

Alum, manufacture of, at Salem, Mass., vi, 372.

—, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 49.

—, used for alabaster, xxx, 168.

— method of coloring crystal of, vii, 194.

—, native, of a cavern in Southern Africa, xxviii, 290.

—, —, in Connecticut, iii, 240; viii, 256; x, 12.

—, —, in Massachusetts, i, 114; viii, 235.

—, —, in New York, vi, 95; ix, 44; xv, 243.

—, —, in Vermont, viii, 243.

—, in mica slate, xx, 418.

—, magnesian, or Pickeringite, analysis of, A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 360.

— earth, and alum manufactory, Maryland, xxvii, 12.

Alumslate, iii, 28.

Alumstone, iii, 245.

Alumina, use of, with pigments for the pallet, xvi, 173.

Aluminium, obtained by W. W. Mather, xx, 408.

—, characters of, F. Wöhler, xlix, 390.

—, chloride of, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 241, 248, 253.

Amalgam of gold, alembic for distilling, M. F. Maury, xxxiii, 66.^f

Amber, vegetable origin of, ii, 353.

—, origin of, xxviii, 293.

—, Berendt on, xxxvii, 365.

—, from Ava, xxviii, 71.

—, from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, xvii, 292.

—, from Maryland, iii, 8.

—, from the island of New Providence, x, 171.

America, early discovery of, by the Scandinavians, xvii, 410.

Amethyst, in the Canadas, viii, 63.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 113.

—, in New Jersey, ii, 197.

—, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 348.

—, in Rhode Island, viii, 199, 229.

—, in the Western States, i, 132; vii, 48.

Amianthus, in Connecticut, vi, 225.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 343.

—, in New Jersey, v, 266.

—, in New York, i, 54; v, 29; ix, 40.

—, in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; x, 219; xiv, 9, 17.

Ammelide, M. Liebig, xxix, 373.

Ammeline, M. Liebig, xxix, 373.

Ammonia, formation of, xiv, 387; xlvii, 193.

—, action of iron upon, xviii, 146.

—, action of, on butyric ether, xlviii, 191.

—, an antidote against poisons, xvi, 182.

—, in argillaceous minerals, xv, 182.

—, in the rust of iron, ix, 191.

—, in native oxide of iron, xxi, 155.

—, disengaged from growing plants, x, 190.

—, decomposition of salts of, at the ordinary temperature, H. B. Jones, xlix, 392.

—, bitungstate of, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 264.

—, commercial carbonate of, M. Scanlan, xxxv, 297.

—, preparation of nitrate of, R. Hare, v, 346.

Ammonia and Magnesia, carbonate of, xlix, 200.

Ammonia and Zinc, carbonate of, xlix, 200.

Ammoniacal gas, inflammability of, vi, 185.

— salts, solvent and oxidating powers of, J. P. Emmet, xviii, 255.

Ammonites in Canada, viii, 84.

—, see farther Zoology–Mollusca.

Amphide salts, on the existence of radicals of, R. Hare, xlv, 52, 247.

Amsterdam Canal, v, 181.

Amygdaline in bitter almonds, xix, 384.

Amygdaloid, origin of minerals of, xlix, 52.

—, of the Connecticut river valley, vi, 51.

—, of Salem, Mass., iii, 232.

— and minerals of Nova Scotia, xiv, 314; xv, 132, 204.

Amygdaloidal minerals, origin of, J. D. Dana, xlix, 49.

Analcime, in Connecticut, vi, 224.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 115.

—, in New Jersey, ii, 191, 197; xl, 69; xliv, 54.

—, in New York, xliv, 57.

—, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 349.

—, of Sicily, viii, 206.

Analysis of actinolite, H. Seybert, vi, 331.

— albite of Chesterfield, xxx, 381.

— Allanite, xxviii, 394.

— —, of Monroe, N. Y., L. C. Beck, xlvi, 37.

— alum, of Milo, C. U. Shepard, xvi, 203.

— anatase, xlvii, 215.

— apophyllite from the Tyrol, and Greenland, vii, 370.

— argentine, C. Dewey, vi, 333.

— arragonite, M. Stromeyer, vii, 368.

— arsenical iron (Danaite,) A. A. Hayes, xxiv, 386.

— ashes of two pines, xxvi, 182.

— basalt, iv, 230.

— Beaumontite, M. A. Delesse, xlvii, 216.

— —, C. T. Jackson, xlvii, 337.

— bile, xviii, 162.

— bismuth, carbonate of, xviii, 391.

— —, cobalt ore, xiii, 187.

— bog ore, N. Jersey, H. Seybert, viii, 298.

— bones, xlvii, 131, 419; xlviii, 99, 186.

— borate of lime, native, A. A. Hayes, xlvii, 215.

— Brewsterite, xx, 198.

— brine springs of New York, G. Chilton, vii, 345.

— Brucite, see Chondrodite.

— bronzite, T. G. Clemson, xxiv, 170.

— cacoxenite, xviii, 391.

— calcareous minerals, determination of carbonic acid in, J. L. Smith, xlv, 262.^f

— calculi, J. F. Dana, iv, 149.

— —, urinary, xvii, 190.

— calstronbarite, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 161.

— Catlinite, C. T. Jackson, xxxv, 388; xxxvii, 393.

— celestine, iv, 324; vii, 369.

— chabazite, C. Cramer, xxx, 366.

— chlorophyllite, xlvi, 377.

— chromic iron, of Maryland, H. Seybert, iv, 321.

— — —, from Cuba, R. C. Taylor, xxxviii, 243.

— chrysoberyl, of Haddam, H. Seybert, viii, 105.

— cinnamon stone, of Ceylon, xiv, 204.

— clinkstone, xix, 380.

— coal, W. R. Johnson, xxxviii, 382; xxxix, 139; xlix, 166.

— — of Maryland, Ducatel and Alexander, xxvii, 31.

— — of Virginia, xlii, 369.

— — of Pennsylvania, W. Meade, xiii, 32.

— cobalt and nickel ores of Chatham, A. A. Hayes, xxi, 195.

— cobalt ores, Wöhler, xxxvi, 332.

— colophonite, v, 113.

— columbite, Rose, xlix, 228.

— copper, native of New Jersey, L. C. Beck, xxxvi, 107.

— —, red oxyd, New Jersey, L. C. Beck, xxxvi, 107.

— —, bisilicate, L. C. Beck, xxxvi, 107.

— —, gray sulphuret, N. Jersey, xxxvi, 107.

— coprolites, S. L. Dana, xlviii, 46.

— couzeranite, xvii, 183.

— cyanogen, R. Hare, xv, 271.^f

— Danaite, A. A. Hayes, xxiv, 386.

— Danburite, C. U. Shepard, xxxv, 137.

— Davyne, xi, 255.

— Deweylite, C. U. Shepard, xviii, 81.

— —, T. Thomson, xxxi, 173.

— dioptase, Damour, xlvii, 216.

— dolomite, iv, 17.

— dreelite, xxx, 380.

— Emmonite, T. Thomson, xxxi, 171.

— eupyrchroite, L. C. Beck, xl, 77.

— feldspar from Bytown, L. C., T. Thomson, xxxi, 173.

— —, containing titanium, xii, 187.

— garnet, manganesian of Haddam, Ct., H. Seybert, vi, 155.

— gaseous mixtures, R. Hare, xv, 279, 283.

— gastric juice, by Braconnot, xxx, 378.

— gigantolite, xlii, 387.

— glaucolite, xv, 387.

— Gmelinite, A. Connell, xxxv, 195.

— gold of Georgia, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 255.

— —, containing rhodium, from Mexico, xi, 298.

— grains, cereal, C. T. Jackson, and A. A. Hayes, xlv, 339.

— guano, J. E. Teschemacher, xlviii, 181.

— —, Girardin and Bidard, xlviii, 181.

— —, W. Francis, xlviii, 182.

— —, J. D. Smith, xlviii, 183.

— —, xlix, 200, 391.

— Haydenite, B. Silliman, Jr., xlvi, 380.

— heavy Spar, G. T. Bowen, iv, 325.

— heterosite, xix, 371.

— Holmesite, T. Thomson, xxxi, 172.

— hops, vi, 393.

— Hudsonite, L. C. Beck, xlvi, 32.

— Humboldtilite, xi, 251.

— huraulite, xix, 371.

— hydrate of magnesia, Hoboken, vii, 370.

— hydraulic limestones, L. C. Beck; xlvi, 29.

— hydroboracite, xxviii, 394.

— hydromagnesite, of Hoboken, M. Wachtmeister, xviii, 167.

— hydrous anthophyllite of N. York, T. Thomson, xix, 359.

— hypersthene of N. York, L. C. Beck, xlvi, 35.

— idocrase, T. Richardson, xxxviii, 120.

— indigo, xviii, 241.

— iolite, xlvi, 383.

— iron, supposed native of Bedford Co. Pa., xiv, 183.

— iron ore of Pennsylvania, W. R. Johnson, xxxviii, 383; xxxix, 142.

— iron ore, bog, in New Jersey, H. Seybert, viii, 298.

— iron, native phosphate, of Cornwall, vii, 369.

— iron, titanic, of Baltimore, T. G. Clemson, xvii, 42.

— isopyre, xv, 388.

— kerolite, of Westchester, N. Y., L. C. Beck, xlvi, 34.

— kyanite, C. H. Rockwell, xlvi, 383.

— lampblack, xi, 387.

— Latrobite, Gmelin, ix, 329.

— lead, native carbonate, of Davidson Co., N. C., xli, 350.

— —, cupreous sulphato-carbonate of, iv, 29.

— — ore, agentiferous of Lane's mine, Ct., W. W. Mather, xxvii, 256.

— Ledererite, A. A. Hayes, xxv, 80.

— lepidolite, Gmelin, ix, 329.

— Maclureite, H. Seybert, v, 336.

— magnesian hydrate of silica, P. T. Tyson, xviii, 79.

— — ibid, C. U. Shepard, xviii, 81.

— magnesite, hard, of Baumgarten, vii, 368.

— manganese ores, M. Berthier, vii, 366.

— marl from Farmington, Ct., E. Hitchcock, xxxvi, 176.

— — from New Jersey, xvii, 277.

— — from Ashley river, S. Carolina, J. L. Smith, xlviii, 101.

— marmolite, T. Nuttall, iv, 17, 19.

— Masonite, C. T. Jackson, xl, 186; xlviii, 218.

— melanite of Franklin furnace, N. J., H. Seybert, viii, 300.

— Menardite, xii, 386.

— meteoric iron of Canaan, Ct., C. U. Shepard, xii, 155.

— — — from Claiborne, Alabama, C. T. Jackson, xxxiv, 332; xlviii, 145.

— — — ibid, A. A. Hayes, xlviii, 147.

— — — of Oswego, N. Y., C. U. Shepard, xl, 366.

— — — from Guilford Co., N. Carolina, C. U. Shepard, xl, 369.

— — — from Buncombe Co., N. Carolina, xxxvi, 81.

— — — from Maryland, Feb. 1825, G. Chilton, x, 131.

— — — from Virginia, C. U. Shepard, xvi, 191.

— — — from Tennessee, of 1827, xvii, 326.

— — — from Tennessee, G. Troost, xxxviii, 250.

— — — from Tennessee, C. U. Shepard, xliii, 354.

— — — from Texas, C. U. Shepard, xvi, 217.

— meteorite of Juvenas, France, 1821, vi, 397.

— — South African Cold Bokkeveld, xxxvii, 190.

— — France, Chateau Renard, xlii, 403.

— — of U. States, in Maine, August, 1823, ix, 400.

— — —, in Connecticut, Weston, i, 273.

— mica yellow and lepidolite, xxxvii, 361.

— microlite, C. U. Shepard, xxxii, 338; xliii, 119.

— —, A. A. Hayes, xliii, 33; xlvi, 158.

— mineral waters, see Analysis of waters, below.

— molybdena, H. Seybert, iv, 320.

— mud, New Haven harbor, B. Silliman, Jr., xlviii, 337.

— Murchisonite, xv, 386.

— needle ore, xxviii, 395.

— nephrite, G. T. Bowen, v, 346.

— olefiant gas, R. Hare, xv, 270.

— olivine, ix, 379; xiii, 184.

— organic compounds, determination of nitrogen in, xlv, 267.

— Oxahverite, xv, 387.

— pennine, xlvii, 216.

— Pickeringite, A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 360.

— picropharmacolite, vii, 368.

— platina of Russia, J. Berzelius, xviii, 162.

— polymignite, xviii, 392.

— pollen, M. Prinsep, xviii, 402.

— pyrargillite, M. Nordenskiöld, xxvi, 387.

— pyrochlore, xviii, 392.

— —, M. Wöhler, xliii, 35.

— —, A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 163.

— pyromorphite, C. Kersten, xxii, 307.

— pyrophyllite, xviii, 392.

— pyroxene, Franklin Iron works, H. Seybert, v, 113; vii, 145.

— Rensselaerite, xl, 77.

— rhodium gold, of Mexico, xi, 298.

— sea water, near Brighton, xxxviii, 12.

— seleniuret of lead, xviii, 391.

— — — and mercury, xviii, 391.

— serpentine marble, Vt., C. T. Jackson, xxxviii, 198.

— Seybertite, T. G. Clemson, xxiv, 171.

— shells, W. B. Rogers, xxvi, 361.

— Sillimanite, G. T. Bowen, viii, 113.

— Sillimanite, xlvi, 382; xlviii, 219.

— —, T. Thomson, xlix, 396.

— Sismondine, M. Delesse, xlvii, 217.

— soda alum of Milo, C. U. Shepard, xvi, 203.

— spathic iron, T. G. Clemson, xxiv, 170.

— spodumene, Sweden, vii, 371.

— steatitic pseudomorphs, L. C. Beck, xlvi, 35.

— — —, C. Dewey, vi, 333.

— Steinheilite, iv, 377.

— stellite of Bergen Hill, xliv, 54; xlvi, 35.

— strontian, sulphate, G. T. Bowen, iv, 324.

— tabular spar, H. Seybert, v, 113.

— — —, from the Bannat, vii, 370.

— talc, from Chamouni, xlvii, 216.

— titanic iron, from near Baltimore, T. G. Clemson, xvii, 42.

— topaz, of Huntington, Ct., x, 352.

— tourmaline, xiv, 384; xv, 389.

— triphyline, xxviii, 394.

— tungstate of lime, G. T. Bowen, v, 118.

— upas, juice of, xxxix, 206.

— uranite, R. Phillips, vii, 380.

— Vulpinite, M. Vauquelin, vii, 368.

— wacke, i, 296.

— Warwickite, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 313; xxxvi, 85.

— water of the Rio Vinagre, M. Boussingault, xxiv, 149.

— — of spouting fountain of Naples, xxv, 195.

— — of Black Sea, xx, 188.

— — of Dead Sea, B. Silliman, Jr., xlviii, 10.

— — of sea near Brighton, G. Schweitzer, xxxviii, 12.

— — of Scott Spring, Va., C. B. Hayden, xliv, 409.

— — of mineral spring near Albany, W. Meade, xiii, 145.

— — —, the Clinton, G. Chilton, xviii, 346.

— —, from the Azores, C. T. Jackson, xxxi, 94, 96.

— — sulphur, of Virginia, C. U. Shepard, xxx, 100.

— wines of Palestine, E. Hitchcock, xlvi, 249.

— —, L. C. Beck, xxviii, 42.

— Wörthite, M. Hess, xxvi, 387.

— xanthite, xviii, 359; xxvi, 388.

— zinc, red oxide, A. A. Hayes, xlviii, 261.

Analysis of square numbers, A. D. Wheeler, xxv, 87.

Analytical geometry, C. Wilder, xx, 285.^f

Anamitic and Latin Dictionary of Taberd, xl, 43.

Anastatic printing, xlix, 401.

Anatase, analysis and crystals of, xlvii, 215.^f

Anauxite, analysis of, xlii, 386.

Ancram lead mine, notice of, C. A. Lee, viii, 247.

Ancramite, v, 235, 399.

—, shown to be of furnace origin and identical with cadmia, vi, 180.

Andalusite, crystal from Westford, Mass., xlvi, 381.^f

—, in Connecticut, vi, 176, 236.

—, in Massachusetts, x, 394; xlvi, 381.^f

Andes, general features of, xvii, 47.

—, winds at the summit of, xxviii, 310.

— of Peru, character of, xviii, 182.

—, highest habitations in, xviii, 183.

—, height of the principal peaks of, xviii, 183.

—, Mexican, ascent of the summit of Popocatepetl, xxviii, 220.

Andre, Major, Notice of a sketch of, by himself, ix, 395.

Angelicic acid, xlvii, 196.

Anglada's deductions respecting mineral springs, v, 187.

Animals, living, found in stones and wood, notice of a work on, xii, 395.

—, growth of vegetables on living, by S. L. Mitchill, xii, 21.

—, dead, means of employing, M. Payen, xxiv, 326.

— produced by galvanism, see Acarus.

Animal fibrine, albumen and caseine, isomeric with vegetable fibrine, Scheerer, xliii, 402.

— organs, action of barytes, strontian, chrome, &c. on, xiii, 178.

— magnetism in France, v, 192.

— —, notice of a work on, by Dupau, xiii, 175.

Animalcules in snow, xviii, 56.

Animalcules, see Infusoria.

Animation suspended, iv, 393; xxxiii, 292.

Animation suspended by drowning, L. W. Smith, v, 125.

Annals of the New York Lyceum, see Lyceum.

Annelids in the slabs of Waterville, Maine, xli, 163.

Anniversary, centennary, of the American Philosophical Society, Proceedings of, xlv, 231.

Antarctic regions, discoveries in, by the U. S. Exploring Expedition, xl, 394.

— seas, Expeditions to, xxxv, 306.

Anthony, J. G., Calymene Bucklandii, a new species of trilobite, xxxvi, 106.^f

—, fossil encrinite from near Cincinnati, xxxv, 359.^f

Anthophyllite in Canada, viii, 69.

— in Connecticut, xvii, 144.

— in Massachusetts, ix, 248.

Anthophyllum, xvii, 288; xviii, 249^f; xxix, 150.^f

Anthracite, see Coal.

Antigua, petrified wood of, i, 56.

Antimony, test for minute quantities of, xliv, 13.

—, a mode of separating from lead, brass, &c., xv, 188.

—, separation of, from tin, Gay Lussac, xxvii, 197.

—, gray, locality of, in Lyme, N. H., xlix, 228.

—, —, ibid, in Connecticut, xii, 156.

— and lead, sulphuret, xxx, 177.

Antimonial nickel, a new mineral species, xxviii, 395.

Antiparos, description of the grotto of, xvi, 335.

Antiquarian Society, American, notice of, xviii, 136.

— —, —, transactions of, iii, 357.

Antiquaries, Northern, circular of, xl, 212.

—, —, notice of, xl, 403; xlii, 214.

Antiquities, North American, xxxiv, 47.

Antiquities, North American, notice of a work on, xxxi, 408.

—, Celtic, of America, by J. Finch, vii, 149.

Antiquities, Peruvian, xvii, 116.^f

Ants, habits of, xiii, 177.

Apalachian Chain, see Appalachian.

Apatite, in Canada, viii, 71.

—, in Connecticut, xii, 161.

—, in Delaware, xiv, 11.

—, in Maryland, v, 256.

—, in Massachusetts, vii, 254; viii, 36; xii, 260.

—, in New Jersey, v. 244.

—, in New York, i, 236; v, 28; ix, 244, 402; xxi, 328, 330; xxiii, 403; xlvi, 34, 366.^f

—, in Pennsylvania, ix, 45, 246; x, 222; xiv, 6, 8, 13, 14.

—, in Rhode Island, xl, 185.

—, account of, from St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., xlvi, 34.

—, distorted or rounded crystals, xiv, 143; xlvi, 366.^f

Apocrenic acid, Berzelius, xxviii, 121.

Apophyllite from Tyrol and Greenland, analysis of, vii, 370.

—, of New Jersey and New York, L. C. Beck, xliv, 56.

—, localities of, in Connecticut, vi, 225.

—, —, in New Jersey, xl, 69; xliv, 54.

—, —, in New York, xliv, 56.

—, —, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 345, 348.

Appalachian chain, physical structure of, H. D. and W. B. Rogers, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.

— —, in Maryland, notices and geological sections, W. E. A. Aikin, xxvi, 219.^f

Apparatus, chemical, for the combustion of metals in chlorine, R. Hare, xiv, 354.^f

—, —, for procuring nitrogen, R. Hare, xiv, 356,^f xxviii, 263.^f

—, —, for experimenting with carbonic acid gas, R. Hare, xiv, 358.^f

—, —, substitute for Woulfe's bottles, R. Hare, i, 410^f; xiii, 1.^f

—, —, for regulating the supply of gas by its absorption, R. Hare, xiii, 2.^f

—, —, cold by the palm glass, R. Hare, xiii, 4.^f

—, —, for showing the effect of a relaxation of pressure on capacity for heat, R. Hare, xiii, 5.^f

—, —, for illustrating capacities for heat, R. Hare, xiii, 6.^f

— for separating carbonic oxide from carbonic acid, R. Hare, xxiv, 252.^f

— for producing ebullition by cold, R. Hare, xxxiii, 218.^f

— for deflagrating carburets, phosphurets, &c., in vacuo, xl, 303.^f

— for freezing water by means of sulphuric acid, R. Hare, xxvii, 132.^f

— for obtaining specific gravity of gases, R. Hare, xvi, 293, 295.^f

— for transferring or decanting liquids, R. Hare, xxvi, 358.^f

— for the evolution of prussic acid, R. Hare, xxix, 244.^f

— for evolving silicon from fluo-silicic acid, R. Hare, xxiv, 247.^f

— for decomposition and recomposition of water, xxxviii, 336.^f

— galvano-ignition, xxvi, 352^f; xxxii, 282.

— for solidifying carbonic acid, J. Johnston, xxxviii, 297^f; xlii, 203.

— for illustrating absorption of heat, A. D. Bache, xxviii, 320.^f

—, hydrogen gas, vii, 392.

— — self-regulating reservoir, R. Hare, xi, 140.^f

— for experiments on inflection and interference of light and caustics, E. S. Snell, xlix, 24,^f 26.^f

— for illustrating waves, E. S. Snell, xlix, 20.^f

— volumeter, R. Hare, xii, 36.^f

— volumescope, R. Hare, xv, 275^f; xxviii, 264.^f

—, electrical, see Electric.

—, electro-magnetic, see Electro-magnetic.

—, eudiometric, see Eudiometry.

Apprentices, manufactory of, iv, 379.

Aqueducts, on the Roman, M. Genieys, xix, 389.

Arabia, notice of a memoir on the province of Omán in, xxxii, 383.

Arabic words in English, J. W. Gibbs, xxxiii, 324.

Ararat, Mount, extinct volcano near, xxxvii, 349.

Araucanian races, remarks on, S. G. Morton, xxxviii, 341.^f

Arch, some properties of a rampant, T. Gorton, xxvii, 303.^f

Arches, method of describing curves for, J. Thomson, xxiv, 73.^f

—, on tracing oval, E. Miller, xxii, 303.^f

Archæologia Americana, iii, 357.

Archimedes, on the spiral of, by A. B. Quinby, ix, 316.^f

Archimedes, a fossil coral, D. D. Owen, xliii, 19.^f

Architecture, notes on, xxiv, 257.^f

—, in the United States, xvii, 99, 249^f; xviii, 11, 212.

—, Grecian style, the propriety of its application to modern uses, xviii, 218.

—, Gothic style, notice of, xviii, 220.

Architectural improvements, E. Lord, xxv, 304.

— monuments, xviii, 229.

Arctic regions, sketch of geology of, xvii, 1.

Argentine, notice of, C. Dewey, vii, 248.

—, analysis of, C. Dewey, vi, 333.

—, locality of, in Massachusetts, viii, 34.

Argento-cyanate of silver, for fulminating silver, xviii, 335.

Argento-cyanic acid, xviii, 334.

Argillaceous slate, in western Massachusetts, viii, 18, 21, 29.

Argillite, of the Connecticut valley, account of, vi, 35.

Aristotle, notice of, C. Fox, xxxvi, 217.

Armature, see Electro-magnet, and Magnet.

Arragonite, analysis of, M. Stromeyer, vii, 368.

—, in Canada, viii, 70.

—, in New York, xxi, 326; xxviii, 172.^f

—, of New Jersey, J. Finch, xviii, 197.

Arragonite and calc spar, Becquerel, xxiii, 387.

Arsenic, on the detection of, L. Feuchtwanger, xix, 339.^f

—, application of Riench's test, D. P. Gardner, xliv, 240.

—, on the detection of, J. L. Smith, xl, 278; xlii, 75.^f

—, tests for, iii, 354; iv, 155; xliv, 213.

—, on the iodide of potassium a test for, J. P. Emmet, xviii, 58.

—, tobacco a remedy for, xxxi, 188.

—, oxide of iron an antidote for, xxviii, 135.

—, effect of, on vegetation, Daubeny, xxxi, 346.

Arsenical iron, in N. York, xxi, 326.

— —, (Danaite) in N. Hampshire, analysis of, A. A. Hayes, xxiv, 386.

— — —, identical with mispickel, xlvi, 384.^f

Arsenious acid and sulphuric, a new compound of, xli, 47.

Artesian wells, see Wells.

Artificial minerals, A. Crosse, xxxi, 374.

— diamond, pretended, xvi, 394.

— feldspar, xxviii, 396.

— sulphate of lime with half an atom of water, J. F. W. Johnston, xxxv, 300.

— minerals, produced by heat, x, 190.

— oxyd of iron, about furnaces, xxxvi, 237.

— mineral waters, S. Morey, iii, 94.

Asbestus, in Connecticut, i, 354.

—, in Maryland, xviii, 80.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114; viii, 47.

—, in New Hampshire, vi, 245.

—, in N. York, i, 237; ix, 40, 252.

—, in Pennsylvania, x, 221.

—, in Vermont, v, 40; vi, 249.

—, in anthracite, i, 243, 244.

—, covering for firemen, xviii, 177; xx, 96.^f

Asclepias, on the fibre of, xxviii, 380.

Ashes, shower of, at Vesuvius, iii, 374.

—, volcanic, at sea, west of the Philippines, P. Parker, xl, 198.

—, of two pines, composition of, xxvi, 182.

—, spontaneous combustion in, O. P. Hubbard, xlii, 166.

—, combustibility of, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 167; xliii, 80.

—, various properties of, J. T. Plummer, xliii, 85.

Asia, geology of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274.

—, Caucasus range and Persia, geology of, mines, salt, naphtha springs, &c. of, xxxvii, 348.

—, Catacecaumene, xxxiii, 95; xxxviii, 207.

—, shores of Black sea, xxxii, 399.

—, volcanoes of the continent and islands, in a review of Daubeny, xiii, 290.

Asparagin, xx, 187.

Aspartic acid, xvii, 173.

Asparagus, aspartic acid from, xvii, 173.

Asphaltic mastic, xxxiv, 383.

Assafetida, sulphur in, xv, 185.

Association, British, for the promotion of science, plan of, xxi, 373.

—, —, notice of the meeting in 1832, xxiii, 179;

1833, xxv, 411;

1834, xxviii, 55;

1835, xxix, 347;

1836, xxxi, 332;

1837, xxxiii, 265; xxxiv, 1;

1838, xxxv, 275;

1839, xxxviii, 93;

1840, xl, 308;

1841, xli, 391; xlii, 147;

1842, xliii, 367; xliv, 158, 351;

1843, xlvi, 388; xlvii, 182.

—, —, notice of Prof. Whewell's address at 11th meeting, xli, 391.

—, —, invitation from, to American men of science, xxxviii, 406.

—, scientific, or a Congress of Savans at Berlin, 1828, xvi, 386.

—, —, in Germany, in 1830, xx, 175.

— of American geologists in 1840, xxxix, 189;

in 1841, xli, 158;

1842, xliii, 146;

1843, xlv, 135, 310;

1844, xlvii, 94;

1845, xlix, 219.

— — —, address before, by E. Hitchcock, xli, 232.

— — —, ibid, by B. Silliman, xliii, 217.

— — —, address before, by H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 137, 247.

— — —, constitution and by-laws of, xliii, 149.

— — —, publication of transactions of, xlv, 220.

Asteroid, see Shooting star.

Astronomy, state of, among the Zabians, J. W. Draper, xxviii, 203.

—, on the resistance in space to motion of heavenly bodies, xvii, 389.

—, ibid., R. W. Haskins, xxxiii, 1.

—, idea of ether in space, when introduced, xxxiii, 1.

—, theory of Descartes, xxxiii, 3.

Astronomical clock, Prof. Bessel, xliv, 160.

— —, on the stopping of, by W. Howard, viii, 277.

— machine, for representing the motions of the earth and moon, E. C. Leedom, xlii, 338.^f

— observatory, to be erected at Abo in Finland, iv, 386.

— observations on Saturn, Jupiter and his satellites, by Prof. Struve, xiii, 172.

— — at the Cape of Good Hope, Herschel's, xxxv, 283.

— — and observatory, at Rome, P. F. de Vico, xliv, 373.

— — at the observatory of Pulkova, xlvii, 88.

Atlantic steam navigation, J. Smith, xxxv, 160.

— coast, gales of, see under Winds.

Atlas, white race of, xxxii, 400.

Atlee, W. L., on certain cavities in quartz, xxxv, 139.^f

Atmometer, a new, vi, 382.

Atmosphere, analysis of, M. Brunner, xxiii, 280.^f

—, composition of, xvii, 382.

—, on the carbonic acid of, from a memoir by Saussure, xvi, 214.

—, quantity of carbonic acid in, xx, 183.

—, carbonic acid in, W. H. Watson, xxviii, 71.

—, pressure of, v, 174; xxiv, 174.

—, compression of, in a mine of Bovey coal, xvii, 38.

—, annual movement in, xlii, 158.

—, extent of, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 123.

—, height of, at the equator, J. P. Espy, xxxix, 120.

—, general view of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 50;

average velocity of wind near the surface of the ocean, 52;

temperature of elevation, 52.

—, effect of the rarefaction of, on its desiccation and refrigeration, xl, 44;

formation of clouds a consequence of, 44.

—, luminous appearance in, iv, 341.

—, Prof. Lloyd on the clearness of, at times, xxxiv, 7.

—, deductions with regard to the moon's influence on, xv, 174.

—, mercurial, iii, 386.

—, temperature of, see Meteorology and Temperature.

—, during the coal period, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 105.

—, of the planets, remarks on, xxv, 183.

Atmospheric air, on the dilatation of, V. Regnault, xliv, 63.

— pressure, see Barometer.

— tides, ix, 195.

— dust, by C. S. Rafinesque, i, 397.

— —, reply to C. S. Rafinesque, ii, 134.

— currents, see winds.

Atomic weights of bodies, Dr. Thomson engaged in determining, iii, 396.

— —, Turner's opinions respecting, xxviii, 70.

— —, observations on, Prout's hypothesis of, J. J. Berzelius, xlviii, 369.

— —, not multiples of that of hydrogen, xlvii, 187.

— — of lead, sulphur, nitrogen and carbon, Clark, xxxviii, 119.

— — of hydrogen, chlorine, potassium, calcium, glucinum, silver, uranium, cerium and lanthanum, xlvii, 188.

— — of elements, Marchand and Erdmann,

–oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, calcium, chlorine, silver, lead, xliv, 215;

of copper, mercury and sulphur, xlviii, 402.

— theory, account of, by J. Finch, xiv, 24.

Atom, idea of, J. D. Whelpley, xlviii, 352.

—, R. Hare, on the views of Faraday, xlviii, 247.

—, nature of the crystalline, J. D. Dana, xxx, 275.^f

Attraction in liquids, inquiries into the principles of, xvii, 86.^f

—, chemical, modified by quantity of matter, E. Mitchell, xvi, 234.

—, magnetic, see Magnetic.

Atwater, C., prairies and barrens of the west, i, 116.

—, geology, mineralogy, botany, &c. of Belmont Co., Ohio, i, 226.

—, prevailing winds of Ohio and the west, i, 276.

—, on the geology, climate and diseases, &c. of Ohio, xi, 224.

Audubon, work on the birds of N. America, xvi, 353.

—, — —, notice of, xlii, 130.

Augite, of Willsboro, New York, analysis of, H. Seybert, v, 113.

—, analysis of, H. Seybert, vii, 145.

—, in Connecticut, ii, 238; vi, 225; viii, 258; xii, 169.

—, in Maryland, xviii, 79.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 436; vii, 52; viii, 47; ix, 43; xii, 157.

—, in New Jersey, v, 243, 246; vi, 250.

—, in New York, viii, 88; ix, 244, 250; xix, 224; xxv, 347.

—, in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; xiv, 13, 17.

Augur, H., an American sculptor, notice of, ix, 173.

Aurora Australis, Pacific, S. lat., 58°, seen by Capt. Cook, Feb., 1773, xviii, 75.

Aurora Borealis, seen in Brit. America, Capt. Parry, xiv, 96; xvi, 148.

— — —, Capt. Franklin, 1820, xxxiv, 289.

— — —, Sept., 1827, xiv, 105.^f

— — in Canada, Kingston, and elsewhere, R. H. Bonnycastle, Dec. 11, 1835, xxx, 131.^f

— — — at Toronto, May 8, 1836, R. H. Bonnycastle, xxxii, 393.^f

— — — at Toronto, May, 1840, xl, 337.

— — in Denmark, Sept. 1827, xiv, 107.

— — in Faroe and Shetland, viii, 392.

— — in France, Sept., 1827, xiv, 107.

— — —, Aug., 1827, xv, 199.

— — —, Feb. 18, 1837, xxxii, 396.

— — —, Jan. 7, 1831, xx, 396.

— — —, April 1837, xxxiv, 285.

— — —, Oct., 1836, xxxiv, 288.

— — —, Aug. 19, 1726, xxix, 388.

— — in Great Britain, in 1814, 1816 and 1819, xiv, 96.

— — —, Aug., 1827, xiv, 95.

— — —, Gosport, Sept., 1827, xiv, 108.

— — —, Feb. 18, 1837, London, xxxii, 396.

— — —, Nov. 1837, xxxiv, 283.

— — —, from Huxham's Auroral Register, 1728-1748, E. C. Herrick, xxxiii, 297.

— — —, May, June, July, Aug., 1837, Prof. Christie, xxxiii, 300.

— — —, September 1839, xxxviii, 264.

— — —, May, 1840, xl, 338.

— — in Prussia, M. Feld, February, 1835, xxxiv, 285.

— — Oswer Zornea, December, 1736, J. Bowdoin, xviii, 74.

— — in the U. States, 1741-1757, J. Winthrop, xl, 204, 205, 206.

— — —, November, 1789, Hingham, Mass., H. Ware, xxxiv, 204.

— — —, Aug., 1827, B. D. Silliman, xiv, 91.

— — —, ibid, L. D. Gale, xv, 199.

— — —, March, 1781, xiv, 96.

— — —, Sept., 1827, J. Bowdoin, xviii, 72.

— — —, 1827-1833, at Wilmington, Delaware, H. Gibbons, xxxiii, 299.

— — —, Sept., 1829, L. Feuchtwanger, xviii, 393.

— — —, July, 1830, M. Field, (Fayetteville, Vt.,) xx, 262.

— — —, March, 1831, M. Field, (Fayetteville, Vt.,) xx, 263.^f

— — —, April, 1831, Albany, J. Henry, xxii, 143.

— — —, May and July, 1833, A. D. Bache, xxvii, 113.^f

— — —, 1832-1834, N. Jersey, J. F. Jenkins, xxvi, 395, 396.

— — —, Nov., 1835, D. Olmsted, xxix, 388.

— — —, ibid, A. C. Twining, xxxii, 227.

— — —, April, 1836, Emmetsburg, Va., J. McCaffrey, xxxi, 85.

— — —, July, 1837, E. C. Herrick, xxxiii, 144.

— — —, ibid, Rochester, N. Y., C. Dewey, xxxiii, 143.

— — —, Jan., 1837, D. Olmsted, xxxii, 176.

— — —, Nov., 1837, D. Olmsted, xxxiii, 393.

— — —, ibid, F. A. P. Barnard, xxxiv, 267.

— — —, July and August, 1837, Burlington, Vt., J. Dean, xxxiii, 212.

— — —, Feb., 1837, New Haven, xxxii, 396.

— — —, September, 1839, xxxvii, 375.

— — —, ibid, Rochester, C. Dewey, xxxviii, 146.

— — —, ibid, E. C. Herrick, xxxviii, 260.

— — —, ibid, Middlebury, Vermont, A. C. Twining, xxxviii, 376.

— — —, ibid, Princeton, N. J., Prof. Alexander, xxxix, 364.

— — —, May, 1840, A. D. Bache, xl, 48.

— — —, Nov., 1841, Marietta, Ohio, S. P. Hildreth, xlii, 346.

— — —, April, 1842, E. C. Herrick, xliii, 213.

— — —, May and Aug., 1844, New Haven, E. C. Herrick, xlviii, 319.

— — in summer, Aug., 1827, xiv, 91; xv, 199.

— — —, Prof. Christie on, xxxiii, 300.

— — —, E. C. Herrick's citations from Huxham's Auroral Register, xxxiii, 297.

— — —, ibid, from H. Gibbons's register, 1827-1833, xxxiii, 299.

— — —, from J. Winthrop's register, June, 1746, xl, 206.

— — —, Aug. 19, 1726, xxix, 388.

— — —, May, 1840, xl, 48, 338.

— — —, July, 1830, M. Field, xx, 262.

— — —, July, 1837, xxxiii, 143, 144, 212.

— — —, August, 1844, E. C. Herrick, xlviii, 319.

— — corona, position of, in several auroras, A. C. Twining, xxxii, 227.

— — —, —, Prof. Alexander, September, 1839, xxxix, 364.

— — —, —, D. Olmsted, Jan., 1837, xxxii, 177.

— — —, —, ibid, Nov., 1835, xxix, 389.

— — —, —, E. C. Herrick, Sept., 1839, xxxviii, 260.

— — —, —, C. Dewey, Sept., 1839, xxxviii, 147.

— —, needle agitated by, M. Arago, xiv, 107; xxxiv, 286.

— —, — —, remarks on, xix, 246.

— —, — —, Aug., 1827, L. D. Gale, xv, 199.

— —, — —, Apr., 1831, J. Henry, xxii, 143.

— —, — —, May and July, 1833, A. D. Bache, xxvii, 113.

— —, — —, Feb., 1835, M. Gauss, xxxiv, 285.

— —, — —, Nov., 1835, xxix, 390.

— —, — —, April, 1836, J. McCaffrey, xxxi, 85.

— —, — —, Jan., 1837, xxxii, 179.

— —, — —, July, 1837, E. C. Herrick, xxxiii, 146.

— —, — —, Nov., 1837, A. B. Haile, xxxiv, 270.

— —, — —, Sept., 1839, E. C. Herrick, xxxviii, 261.

— —, — —, May, 1840, Canada, xl, 337.

— —, wide extent of some, E. C. Herrick, xxxiii, 300.

— —, remarks on the number in Europe, xxviii, 58.

— —, remarks on the nature of, by the Ex-King of Sweden, v, 178.

— —, —, ibid, Thienemann, x, 187.

— —, —, ibid, xiv, 97; xvi, 290; xix, 235.

— —, —, ibid, Hansteen's views, xiv, 109.

— —, —, ibid, Ideler's views, xxviii, 289.

— —, —, ibid, J. Ross, xxix, 348.

— —, —, ibid, B. F. Joslin, attributing it to crystallized vapor, xxx, 390; xxxv, 145.

— —, —, ibid, F. A. P. Barnard, xxxiv, 284.

— —, —, ibid, D. Olmsted, xxxii, 180.

— —, —, Mr. Rowall's theory of, xli, 41.

— —, height of, M. Mairan, xxxiv, 288.

— —, —, M. Farquharson, xxxiv, 288.

— —, —, D. Olmsted, xxxiv, 286.

— —, —, M. Wartmann, xxxiv, 288.

— —, —, M. Dalton, xxxiv, 288.

— —, —, Dr. Richardson of Capt. Franklin's Expedition, xxxiv, 289.

— —, noises of, an illusion, Capt. Scoresby, xxviii, 58.

— —, —, ibid, D. Olmsted, xxxiv, 289.

— —, periodical, D. Olmsted, xxxii, 177.

— —, no polarization by light of, J. Henry, xxxix, 366.

— —, work by Mairan, alluded to, xxix, 388; xxxii, 177.

Auroral cloud of Dec., 1835, A. C. Twining, height and position of, xxxii, 217.

Auroral arch of Aug., 1836, A. C. Twining, height and position of, xxxii, 220.

— — of May, 1836, height of, A. C. Twining, xxxii, 224.

— —, in Vermont, Sept., 1838, J. Dean, xxxv, 380.

— belt of May, 1840, E. C. Herrick, xxxix, 194, 383.

Aurum Millium, a new metal, ii, 363.

Auscultation, iii, 375.

Australia, minerals of, F. Alger, xxxix, 157.^f

Australian Boomerang, or Kilee notice of, xxxvi, 164.^f

Autumnal coloration of leaves, Macaire Prinsep's view of, xvi, 215.

Automolite, locality in Connecticut, xii, 156.

—, — New Jersey, v, 402.

Aventurine feldspar, M. Scheerer, xlix, 394.

Avogadro, elastic force of the vapor of mercury, xxiv, 286.

Axinite in Canada, viii, 62.

Azote, see Nitrogen.

B.

Babbage, C., on the decline of science in England, xx, 164.

—, fees of admission to learned societies of Britain, xx, 165.

—, list of men of science who have held offices under governments, xx, 172.

—, number of members of some societies, xx, 173.

—, calculating machine and constants of, xxviii, 64.

—, analytical engine of, xlvi, 205.

Babel, tower of, xxxvii, 352.

Bache, A. D., safety apparatus for steamboats, xx, 317.^f

—, disturbance of the needle during the aurora borealis, xxvii, 113.^f

—, on the meteors of Nov. 13, 1833 and 1834, xxix, 383.

—, influence of color on radiation, xxx, 16.

—, radiation and absorption of heat, specific heat, and apparatus for illustrating, xxviii, 320.^f

—, corresponding magnetic observations by, along with Prof. Lloyd of Dublin, xli, 210.

—, effect of deflected current of air, on the results with a rain gauge, xxxv, 287.

—, appointed to the coast survey, xlvi, 213.

Bachman, J., on the migration of the birds of North America, xxx, 81.

Bacon, Lord, some notice of, C. Fox, xxxvi, 220.

Baddely, F. H., on the red color of the flame from strontian, xviii, 261.

—, a new instrument for taking specific gravities, xviii, 263.^f

—, on the sulphate of strontian of Kingston, U. C., and on the geology of the vicinity, xviii, 104.

—, buoyancy of boulders at great depths, xxviii, 111.

—, gold in Lower Canada, xxviii, 112.

—, water limerock of Quebec, xxviii, 113.

—, cement of the Castle Rock, Quebec, xxviii, 367.

Baily's method of determining longitude, notice of, E. Hitchcock, ix, 107.

Bailey, J. W., grasshoppers' legs, a substitute for frogs in galvanic experiments, xxxi, 292.

—, washing-bottles, forms of, xxxi, 292.^f

—, on the common blowpipe, xxxii, 319.^f

—, excursion to Mt. Katahdin, Me., xxxii, 20.^f

—, list of some plants in Maine, xxxii, 23.

—, new test for nitric acid, xxxii, 85.^f

—, locality of hyalite, xxxii, 87.

—, effect of a current of air on flame, xxxii, 88.^f

—, on the vascular system of ferns, xxxv, 113.^f

—, monstrous flower of Orchis spectabilis, xxxv, 117.^f

—, on yellow showers of pollen, xlii, 195.^f

—, on a curious fungus, Craterium pyriforme, xlii, 195.

—, on the crystals in the tissues of plants, xlv, 149; xlviii, 17.^f

—, fossil polythalamia from the upper Mississippi and Missouri, xli, 400.^f

—, — —, in the U. States, xlviii, 340.^f

—, on fossil infusoria, in peat earth, West Point, N. Y., xxxv, 118.^f

—, infusoria of the family Bacillaria, xli, 284^f; xlii, 88^f; xliii, 321^f;

localities, xliii, 328, 329.^f

—, — from Oregon, the Bermudas, Virginia and Maryland, with an extended catalogue, xlviii, 321.^f

—, — of New Haven harbor, xlviii, 337.^f

—, — of Charleston harbor, xlviii, 338.^f

—, — of N. Scotia, xlviii, 339.

—, — with bones of Mastodon, xlviii, 339.

—, — from Virginia, xlv, 313; xlvi, 137,^f 300; xlviii, 330.

—, — from Maryland, xlvi, 137^f; xlviii, 330.

Baird, W. M. and S. F., list of birds found near Carlisle, Penn., xlvi, 261.

—, two new species of Tyrannula, xlvi, 273.

Baker, G., vibrations of a mercurial pendulum, xlviii, 156.

Baking, a machine for accelerating fermentation of flour, ix, 198.

Balance, application of the principle of, to milking, churning, &c., H. Strait, xxvii, 92.^f

Balance beam, Patten's, ix, 92.^f

Balande's collections of objects in natural history in Africa, iv, 373.

Baldwin, Wm., two new species of Rottböllia, i, 355.

Ball, J., remarks upon the geology and features of the country west of the Rocky Mountains, xxviii, 1.

Ball's cave, Schoharie, notice of, xxvii, 368.

Balloon with rarefied air, xii, 372.

—, effect of solar heat in raising, J. Rae, xxxiii, 196.

—, principles of aerial navigation, H. Strait, xxv, 15.^f

—, a means of making meteorological observations, xlii, 150.

—, observations during an ascent of, by Eugene Robertson, xii, 166, 325.

Banks, J., herbarium of, xl, 9.

Bare Hills, Maryland, H. H. Hayden, xxiv, 349.^f

Barium, extrication of, R. Hare, xxxvii, 267; xxxviii, 115; xxxix, 362.

—, method of preparing the deutoxide of, xvi, 395.

Bark, Peruvian, experiments on, by G. W. Carpenter, ix, 363.

Barlow, P., instruments for illustrating the effects of electro-magnetism, v, 396.^f

Barnard, F. A. P., aurora borealis of Nov. 14, 1837, xxxiv, 267.

—, improvement in the Daguerrotype process, xli, 352.

Barnes, D. H., geological section of the Canaan Mt., N. Y., v, 8.

—, on some doubtful reptiles of North America, xiii, 66.

—, notice respecting magnetic polarity, xiii, 70.

—, —, reply to, xiv, 121.

—, on the genera Unio and Alasmodonta, vi, 167,^f 258.^f

—, new species of Chiton, vii, 69.^f

Barometer, construction of, in America, J. Green, xxvii, 292.

—, new construction of, J. L. Riddell, xxvii, 223.^f

—, improvement of, C. F. Durant, xxvii, 97.^f

—, new form of, J. H. Alexander, xlv, 233.^f

—, new self-registering, xlix, 400.

—, effect of sound on, xxx, 377.

—, directions regarding, by E. Mitchell, xx, 364.^f

—, siphon, in determining the temperature of the mercury in, by observation, xl, 250.^f

—, water, constructed in London, xxiv, 198.

—, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 129.

—, use of, at sea, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 198.

—, changes in the column, as connected with the progress of a storm, W. C. Redfield, xx, 45; xxv, 117; xxxi, 127; xxxiii, 262.

—, variations of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 262.

—, —, semi-diurnal, xxxiii, 263.

—, —, from accumulation of atmospheric pressure owing to obstacles in the course of winds, xxxiii, 264.

—, oscillation of an extensive region in the higher or temperate latitudes, xxxiii, 264.

—, changes during a storm, E. Loomis, xl, 34.

—, —, ibid, J. P. Espy, xxxix, 123.

—, —, ibid, M. Dové, xliv, 315.

—, —, remarks on, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, xxxiii, 345.

—, cause of the daily fluctuations of, Espy, xli, 42.

—, at the equator indicating time by its oscillations, ix, 195.

—, a substitute for, in measuring heights, J. Robison, xxxv, 294.

—, tube, filled with mercury without using an air pump, Stevelly, xxxviii, 109.

—, Hudson's series of investigations with, xxiv, 393.

Barometrical observations at New York, for 1833, 1834, by W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 157;

–for 1832 to 1837, xxxiv, 374;

–for 1838, 1839, xxxviii, 325.

— —, at Western Reserve College, Sept.-Nov., 1838, E. Loomis, xxxvi, 166.

— —, at Hudson, Ohio, for 1838-1840, with remarks, E. Loomis, xli, 311.

— —, at Hudson, Ohio, 1841-44, E. Loomis, xlix, 266.

— —, at New Orleans, 1833-36, Prof. Barton, xxxi, 400.

— —, in Indiana, 1828, D. D. Owen, xxix, 294.

— —, at Montreal, for 1836, J. S. M'Cord, xxxiv, 208;

–for 1837, xxxv, 382;

–for 1838, xxxvi, 180.

— —, at St. John's, Newfoundland, 1834-38, xxxviii, 269.

— —, at Canton, China, 1829-38, xxxviii, 272.

— —, at St. Thomas, during a storm in August, 1837, xliv, 333.

— —, at Matanzas, 1835, A. Mallory, xxxi, 287.

— —, at San Fernando, Cuba, J. H. Blake, in 1840, xlii, 292.

— —, at sea, U. S. ship Peacock, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, xxxiii, 348.

— —, on a voyage from New York to Rio, 1834, xxix, 237.

— —, see farther, under Meteorological observations.

— pressure, monthly maximum and minimum for the years 1833-34, at N. York, W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 159.

— —, mean and range of, at N. York, W. C. Redfield, xxxviii, 265, 266.

— —, mean and range of, at St. John's, Newfoundland, W. C. Redfield, xxxviii, 265, 266.

— —, mean of, at Montreal, for 1836-40, xli, 330.

— —, mean of, at Plymouth, England, xxxviii, 109.

— —, mean of, horary oscillation, &c., at Plymouth, England, W. Snow Harris, xliii, 369.

— —, comparison of, with pressure in India, &c., xliii, 371.

— —, mean of, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342.

— —, mean and range of, at Malvern, in Worcestershire, xxxviii, 102.

— —, mean of, at Canton, China, W. C. Redfield, xxxviii, 267.

— —, mean of, in different parts of the world, E. Loomis, xli, 312.

— —, at the level of the Dead Sea, xlii, 214.

— —, minima of, Feb. 16-19, 1842, xlii, 403.

— oscillations at Inverness contrasted with those at London, xliv, 158.

— determination of heights, simple method of, O. Byrne, xliv, 12.^f

— compensation of the pendulum, xlvi, 393.

Barrows, Indian, see Mounds.

Barton, D. W., geology of the Catskills, iv, 249.^f

Barton, Prof., meteorological register at N. Orleans, xxxi, 400.

Bartlett, W. H. C., experiments on the expansion and contraction of building stones by changes of temperature, xxii, 136.^f

Bartram, Wm., notice of, A. Gray, xlii, 1.

Baryta, test for, iv, 372.

—, distinguished from strontia by means of chromate of potash, J. L. Smith, xxxvi, 183.

—, native carbonate of, see Witherite.

—, native sulphate of, see Heavy spar.

Basalt, analyses of, iv, 230.

—, characters of, xv, 32.

—, of the Caucasus range, xxxvii, 348.

Basaltic columns, in N. Jersey, v, 240.

— rocks of the Labrador coast, R. H. Bonnycastle, xxx, 236.

Basilosaurus, xxvii, 354; xxxvii, 231.

—, named Zygodon, R. Harlan, xli, 179.

Basin of mines, Nova Scotia, minerals of, xv, 132.

Bath, Russian vapor, T. S. Traill, xxiii, 295.

Battery, galvanic, see Electricity.

Beaches, ancient, about Lake Huron, iii, 257.

—, —, of Lake Ontario, G. E. Hayes, xxxv, 89.

—, elevated, of Canadian lakes, C. Lyell, xlvi, 314.

—, four, to the river Malbay, L. C., v, 221.

Bead manufactory at Venice, xxvii, 78.

Beaufoy, M., notice of a work on nautical and hydraulic experiments, by, xxviii, 340.

Beaumont, W., experiments on the gastric juice, xxvi, 193; xxvii, 405.

Beaumont, E. de, observations on Etna, xxxi, 168.

Beaumontite from Baltimore, analysis of, M. A. Delesse, xlvii, 216.

— —, identical with Heulandite, F. Alger, xlvi, 233.^f

—, a crenato-silicate of copper, xxxvii, 398; xlvii, 337.

Beche, H. F. de la, classification of the European rocks by, xviii, 26.

Beck, J. B., influence of salt storms on vegetation, i, 388.

Beck, L. C., contributions to the botany of Illinois and Missouri, x, 257; xi, 167; xiv, 112.

—, ferns and mosses of the U. States, xv, 287.

—, on the formation of phosphuretted hydrogen, xii, 294.

—, on the nature of the chlorides of soda, lime, xiv, 251.^f

—, on the office of nitrogen in respiration, xviii, 52.

—, on the commercial potash of N. York, xxix, 260.

—, researches on wines and other fermented liquors, xxviii, 42.

—, on the tornado or water-spout of New Brunswick, xxxvi, 115.^f

—, on the Eupyrchroite and Rensselaerite of Emmons, xl, 77.

—, notices of trap minerals in New Jersey and New York, xliv, 54.^f

—, on the occurrence of bituminous or organic matter in some N. York limestones and sandstones, xlv, 335.

—, remarkable example of force of expansion and contraction, xlv, 49.

—, on antediluvian climate, xlv, 144.

—, on igneous action, as deduced from the appearance of crystals, &c., in N. Y., xlv, 143; xlvi, 333.

Beck, L. C., and E. Emmons, description of a new moss, Grevilleanum serratum, xi, 183.^f

Beckwith, J., dikes or natural walls in North Carolina, v, 1.

Becquerel, on combinations and crystallizations by the action of weak electric forces, xvii, 383.

—, crystallization of galena and other substances by galvanism, xxviii, 291.

—, electro-chemical reduction of metals, xxxi, 161.

Bed, made of crystal for the Shah of Persia, xv, 186.

Bees, honey, of America, J. A. Vanden Heuvel, iii, 79.

—, Huber's observations on, xxiii, 120.

—, a notice of, E. Burgess, xxii, 164.

—, mode of taking swarms of, in Corsica, xxiii, 202.

—, parasite among, M. Field, xxv, 213.

Beets, large amount of alkali in, xv, 180.

—, nutriment for domestic animals, xxii, 200.

—, cultivation of, and manufac. of sugar, M. Girardin, xxiii, 392.

Beet sugar in France, vi, 388; xv, 394.

Belemnite, animal of, xlv, 403.

Belemnites americanus, xvii, 281; xviii, 249.^f

—, Raspail's opinion, xvii, 184.

Bell, J., improved airpump receiver, xxviii, 353.^f

Bellows, theory of, H. Strait, xxvii, 88.^f

—, exploded by inflammable gas, xxiv, 182.

Bellows Falls, scenery of, vii, 12.

— —, granite of, vi, 11.

Belzoni's gift of two statues to Padua, v, 177.

Benedict, A., on the vegetation of the Ottawa and some of its tributaries, xviii, 349.

Benedict, Prof., on conic sections, xxxi, 258.^f

Benedict, F. N., on determining the temperature of the mercury in a siphon barometer, xl, 250.^f

Benzoyle, hydruret of, xlix, 194.

Benzoic acid, xxvi, 267; xlix, 194.

Benzoic compounds, researches on the radical of benzoic acid, Wöhler and Liebig, xxvi, 261.

— —, benzoic acid, xxvi, 267.

— —, benzoin, xxvi, 279.

— —, benzamid, xxvi, 274.

— —, chlorobenzoyle, xxvi, 270, 277.

— —, cyanobenzoyle, xxvi, 273.

— —, iodobenzoyle, xxvi, 273.

— —, bromobenzoyle, xxvi, 272.

— —, hydrobenzoyle, xxvi, 270.

— —, bitter almond oil, xxvi, 263.^f

— —, formulas for, and the ethers, xxvi, 285.

Bennet, E. T., obituary notice of, xxxii, 215.

Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, geology of, viii, 1.

Berlin, notice of the city, xx, 389.

Bertero, C., Chilian plants, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

Berthierite, xv, 386.

Beryl, broken crystal, xlvi, 366.^f

—, of Haddam, forms of crystals, viii, 395.

—, forms of crystals, J. Johnston, xl, 401.^f

—, —, ibid, xlvi, 381.^f

— of Acworth, N. H., C. U. Shepard, xvii, 355.

—, localities in Canada, viii, 61.

—, — in Connecticut, i, 242, 354; ii, 142; vi, 222; viii, 258; x, 206.

—, — in Delaware, xiv, 11.

—, — in Maine, xiii, 373; xviii, 291.

—, — in Mass., vi, 222; vii, 255; viii, 43; xii, 259; xiv, 219.

—, — in New Hampshire, xv, 358; xvii, 354.

—, — in New York, ix, 244.

—, — in Pennsylvania, iv, 39; viii, 236; x, 222; xiv, 3, 14.

—, — in R. Island, viii, 226; ix, 46.

Berzelius, J. J., on chemical nomenclature, xxii, 248.

—, on isomeric bodies, xxvi, 178.

—, on crenic and apocrenic acids, xxviii, 121.

—, on tellurium, xxviii, 137.

—, on Prout's hypothesis of atomic weights, xlviii, 369.

—, festival in honor of, xlvii, 218.

Bevan, B., notice of, xxxvii, 120.

Bewick, T., notice of the works of, xxxvii, 158.

Bidard, analysis of guano, xlviii, 181.

Big Bone Lick, bones of, xviii, 139.

— — —, report on, xx, 370.

Bigelow, J., forwardness of the spring in the U. S., i, 76.

—, documents and remarks respecting the sea serpent, ii, 147.

Bigsby, J, J., on the environs of Carthage bridge near the mouth of the Genesee river, ii, 250.^f

—, geology and mineralogy of the N. W. portion of Lake Huron, iii, 254.

—, outline of the mineralogy and geology of Malbay, L. C., v, 205.^f

—, minerals and organic remains in Canada, viii, 60.

Bile, analysis of, xviii, 162.

—, test for, M. Pettenkoffer, xlix, 206.

Binney, A., climate of the post-pleiocene period of the U. States, xlvii, 259.

Binomial theorem, demonstration of, T. Strong, xii, 132.

— —, D. Gould, xix, 50.

Biot, optical properties of saccharine juices, xxiv, 379.

—, views on auroras, xxv, 357.

Biotine, xi, 264,^f [anorthite.]

Birch, white, chemical examination of the bark of, O. Mason, xx, 282.

Birds, songs of, innate, xxi, 164.

—, remarks on the notes of, x, 390.

—, gigantic struthoid from New Zealand, xliv, 417; xlv, 185; xlviii, 194; xlix, 219, 403.

— of N. America, on the migration of, J. Bachman, xxx, 81.

—, see farther under Zoology.

— nests, large, of New Holland, xlvii, 217, 312; xlviii, 61.

— tracks, see Footprints.

Births of male and female children, comparative number of, in France, xiv, 372.

Bischof, G., natural history of volcanoes and earthquakes, xxxvi, 230^f; xxxvii, 41.^f

—, elevations from earthquakes, xxxvi, 273; xxxvii, 49.

Bismuth, native, Huntington, Ct., i, 316; vi, 210.

—, expansion of, on cooling, xxi, 371.

—, new sulphurets of, W. W. Mather, xxiv, 189, 196.

—, disulphuret of, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 264.

—, fusible alloy of, xxi, 371.

—, carbonate of, analysis of, xviii, 391.

— cobalt ore, analysis of, xiii, 187.

Bitter-spar, in Massachusetts, i, 137, 343; ii, 236.

—, in Maryland, v, 256.

—, in R. Island, iv, 285.

—, in Vermont, v, 272; xvii, 353.

Bitterness of vegetables, M. Guillemin, xxiv, 273.

Bitumen in stones, xii, 147.

— or petroleum oil spring of Allegany Co., N. Y., xxiii, 97.

— in the valley of the Little Kenawha, xxix, 86;

valley of the Kenawha, 121;

of Sandy river, 129.

— in N. Jersey, xxxvi, 114.

— from Barbadoes, v, 406.

— of Africa, i, 147.

—, elastic, of France and England, xiv, 371.

Bituminized wood in the recent era, W. M. Carpenter, xxxv, 345; xxxvi, 118.^f

— —, partly silicified, Texas, xxxvii, 216.

Bituminous or organic matter in the N. York limestones, L. C. Beck, xlv, 335.

— coal; see Coal.

Black lead; see Graphite.

Black mountain, Vt., geology of, vi, 7.

Black sea, anal. of waters of, xx, 188.

— —, height of, above the Caspian, xl, 320.

— —, on the shores of, xxxii, 399.

Blacking, preparation of, xiii, 163.

Blagden, Sir Charles, obituary notice of, ii, 344.

Blake, E. W., on the forms of cog-wheels, vii, 86.^f

—, blasting rocks, xvii, 134.^f

—, theory of the resistance of fluids, xxix, 274; xxx, 359.

Blake, J. H., meteorological observations in 1840, at San Fernando, Cuba, xlii, 292.

—, coal mines of Cuba, xlii, 388.

—, geological and miscellaneous notices of the province of Tarapaca, xliv, 1.^f

Blanc, Mt., journey up, J. Van Rensselaer, ii, 1.

Blasting of rocks, danger and remedies, xvii, 132.^f

— —, an improved method of, by firing several blasts at once, with a Leyden jar, xvi, 372.^f

— —, by using as a plug, a cone of wood, E. W. Blake, xvii, 134.^f

— —, on the premature explosion of powder in, xix, 199.

— —, by galvanism, R. Hare, xxi, 139; xxvi, 352^f; xxxviii, 188.

— — —, H. K. G. Morgan, xxxviii, 33.

Bleaching, remarks on, xv, 64.

— oils, xlvii, 196.

— powder, see Chloride of lime.

Blende, in Canada, viii, 76.

—, in Connecticut, v, 41, 44; xxxiii, 162.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 437; vi, 201.

—, in N. Hampshire, xxxiv, 114.

—, in N. Jersey, v. 30.

—, in N. York, viii, 249; ix, 244.

—, western states, iii, 63.

Blind, New England asylum for, xxiv, 175.

Blind fish, from a cave in Ky., J. Wyman, xlv, 94.

Blood, remarks on the circulating system, xxviii, 79.

—, rapidity of the circulation of, xvi, 388.

—, new mode of analyzing, L. Figuier, xlix, 201.

—, coloring matter of, xix, 381.

—, on the iron in, xv, 169.

—, manganese in, xxi, 370.

—, gases contained in, and on respiration, G. Magnus, xxxv, 198.

—, peculiar principle of, xviii, 148.

—, mode of preserving, xxi, 370.

— of a dog, Filariæ in, xlv, 228.

Bloodgood, S. D., on the Hudson and Mohawk railroad, xxi, 141.

Blowing machinery of a furnace, investigations respecting, by A. B. Quinby, xii, 128.

— —, phenomenon exhibited by, xiii, 395; xiv, 395.

— —, ibid, explanation of, xv, 362.^f

Blowpipe, common, J. W. Bailey, xxxii, 319.^f

—, simplified, xvii, 163.

—, mineral supports, ix, 201.

—, reaction of fluxes with metallic oxides, xxxii, 323.

—, new, J. Green, iv, 164.^f

—, alcoholic, improved, R. Hare, vii, 110.^f

—, compound, of R. Hare, i, 97; ii, 281.^f

—, —, fusion of refractory substances by, iii, 87.

—, —, hydrogen burned in water by, v, 347 bis.

—, —, experiments with, on diamond, anthracite and graphite, vi, 349.

—, —, mouth for, xxxv, 187.

—, —, large mass of platina fused by, R. Hare, xxxiii, 195.

—, —, a form of, xi, 142.^f

—, Clarke's, strictures on an account of, ii, 281.^f

—, hydrostatic, R. Hare, xi, 135.^f

—, chloro-hydrogen, xvii, 211.

Boat, iron, iii, 371.

Boiling point of water, different in vessels of different material, xlvii, 190.

— —, of liquids, ii, 361.

Bog ore, see under Iron ore.

Boletus igniarius analogous to animal substances, A. Eaton, vi, 177.

Bolles's trigonometer, ix, 401.^f

Bolton limestone quarry and its minerals, vii, 52.

Bombay, geology of the province of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274.

—, climate of the province of the Deccan, xxxiii, 275.

Bone, strength of, xiii, 189.

—, gelatine from, i, 170; xxii, 369.

—, used for soups, &c., x, 388; xvii, 169.

Bones of the Kirkdale caverns, viii, 158, 317.

—, in caves, in England, ii, 144; viii, 158, 317; xxxi, 341; xxxiii, 106; xxxv, 304.

—, —, in France, xxi, 56; xxiii, 388.

—, —, in Germany, viii, 319, 321.

—, —, in N. Holland, xx, 380.

—, —, in Canada, ix, 354.

—, —, on the Susquehannah, xxxix, 399.

—, fossil, in the red sandstone of the Connecticut valley, ii, 146; vi, 43.

—, —, in France, vi, 199; xiv, 203; xx, 382.

—, —, human, skull of Guadaloupe, xxxii, 361.

—, —, —, in S. America, xliv, 277.

—, —, —, in Upper Saxony, v, 171.

—, —, see farther under Fossil and under Zoology.

—, fluorine in, xlvii, 131, 419.

—, —, C. Daubeny, xlviii, 187.

—, —, source of, J. L. Smith, xlviii, 99.

—, comparative composition of recent and fossil, xlviii, 186.

Bonnets, Italian, material and manufacture of, iv, 166.

Bonnycastle, R. H., on the transition rocks of the Cataraqui, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f

—, earthquakes near the Saguenay, xxx, 236.

—, halo, solar, seen at Kingston, xxx, 136.

Bonnycastle, explanation of a collapse of a reservoir, (Dr. Hare's,) xl, 32.

—, effect of instantaneous, as compared with accumulative, pressure, xl, 32.

Bonpland, in S. America, iv, 197.

Books and memoirs of 1833, number of, xxviii, 295.

— of France per year, as compared with those of Germany, xviii, 185.

—, noticed, see Works.

Boomerang of Australia, xxxvi, 164.^f

Booth, J. C., on the white nickel of Riechelsdorf, in Hessia, xxix, 241.

—, analysis of ores from Davidson Co., N. C., xli, 348.

Boracic acid, from the lakes of Cherchaio, ii, 349.

— —, in the waters of Vulcano, ii, 349.

— —, of Tuscany, xxviii, 143.

— —, ibid, J. Bowring, xxxvii, 270.

— —, reduced by hydrogen, xvii, 176.

— —, to detect, in tourmaline, vi, 157.

— —, on the origin of, in native compounds, J. D. Dana, xlix, 61.

— ether, xlviii, 189.

Borate of lime, description of, xlvi, 377.^f

— —, analysis of, A. A. Hayes, xlvii, 215.

Boring for freshwater, see Wells.

Boron, method of evolving, R. Hare, xxiv, 249.^f

Boston, forts around, viii, 338.

Botany.

American, remarks on, W. J. Hooker, ix, 263.

—, notices of European herbaria, important to, A. Gray, xl, 1.

—, of Alabama, new species, M. C. Leavenworth, vii, 61.

—, —, list of rare plants, M. C. Leavenworth, ix, 74.

—, —, new species, S. B. Buckley, xlv, 170.

—, of the Cherokee country, new species, Mrs. Gambold, i, 245.

—, of Connecticut, Litchfield, J. P. Brace, iv, 292.

—, of Florida, T. Nuttall, v, 286.

—, —, H. B. Croom, xxv, 74; xxvi, 313.

—, of Illinois and Missouri, contributions to, L. C. Beck, x, 257; xi, 167; xiv, 112.

—, — —, catalogue, G. Engelmann, xlvi, 94.

—, of the Lakes, and headwaters of the Mississippi, D. B. Douglass and J. Torrey, iv, 56.

—, of Maine, list of some plants in, J. W. Bailey, xxxii, 22.

—, of N. York, Cylactis, Nemopanthus, Polanisia, three genera, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 377.

—, of New England, observations on some plants in, E. Tuckerman, xlv, 27.

—, of North Carolina, notes on an excursion, A. Gray, xlii, 1.

—, —, new and rare plants, M. A. Curtis, xliv, 80.

—, of Ohio, three undescribed species in, W. S. Sullivant, xlii, 49.

—, —, Belmont Co., C. Atwater, i, 226.

—, of the Ottawa river and tributaries, A. Benedict, xviii, 349.

—, of Pennsylvania, Easton, list of rare plants, L. de Schweinitz, viii, 267.

—, —, Northampton Co., J. Wolle and A. L. Hübener, xxxvii, 310.

—, of the southern states, remarks and new localities, H. B. Croom, xxviii, 165.

of Brazil, number of species, xv, 390.

of Chili, lists of, C. Bertero, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

of Ireland, geographical distribution, xxxi, 367.

of the Pyrenees, xiv, 377.

—, see farther under Plants and Vegetation.

Genera and species described or noticed.

Acacia cavenia, xix, 66.

Aconitum reclinatum, xlii, 34.

Actinomeris pauciflora, v, 301.

Agrimonia suaveolens, xiv, 112.

Agrostis altissima, xlv, 44.

— concinna, xlv, 42.

— laxiflora, xlv, 43.

— perennans, xlv, 44.

— Pickeringii, xlv, 442.

— scabra, xlv, 45.

Allium striatum, xi, 177.

Alnus crispa, xlv, 33.

— incana, xlv, 32.

— rubra, xlv, 32.

Amorpha caroliniana, xxv, 74.

Amphianthus, genus of plants, M. C. Leavenworth, xlix, 127.

— pusillus, xlix, 127.

Amyris floridana, v, 294.

Anantherax viridis, xi, 174.

Andromeda montana, xlv, 172.

— polifolia, iv, 62.

— recurva, xlv, 172.

— rosemary-leaved, iii, 283.^f

Angelica Curtisii, xlv, 173.

Antiaris toxicaria, or Upas tree, analysis of the juice of, xxxix, 206.

Apocynum cannabinum, xi, 172.

— hypericifolium, xi, 172.

Arabis rhomboidea, iv, 66; xviii, 358.

— patens, xlii, 49.

Arbutus uva-ursi, iv, 62.

Argemone georgiana, xxv, 75.

Arum polymorphun, xlv, 173.

Asarsum, characters of the genus, xlii, 18.

Asclepias, amæna, xi, 173.

— incarnata, xi, 173.

— lanceolata, i, 252.^f

— longifolia, xi, 173.

— obtusifolia, xi, 173.

— quadrifolia, xi, 172.

— venicillata, xi, 173.

Aspidium aculeatum, xlv, 46.

Astilbe, characters of the genus, xlii, 39.

— decandra, xlii, 39.

— japonica, xlii, 39.

— rivularis, xlii, 39.

Atheropogon apludoides, iv, 58.

Avicennia tomentosa, v, 296.

Azalea nudiflora, size of, in Florida, xxvi, 319.

Baptisia simplicifolia, xxv, 74;

– mollis, xliv, 81.

Batschia canescens, xi, 168.

Betula glandulosa, xlv, 30.

— Littelliana, xlv, 30.

— nana, xlv, 31.

— papyracea, xlv, 31.

— pumila, xlv, 29.

Boletus igniarius, analogous to animal substances A. Eaton, vi, 177.

Botrychium simplex, vi, 103.^f

Boykinia aconitifolia, xlii, 21.

Campanula rotundifolia, xlv, 27.

Capsicum baccatum, v, 289.

Cardamine rotundifolia, xviii, 356; xlii, 30.

— uniflora, vii, 63.

Caricography, C. Dewey, vii, 264; viii, 93, 264; ix, 60, 257^f; x, 30, 265^f; xi, 147,^f 304^f; xii, 296^f; xiv, 351^f; xxv, 140^f; xxvi, 107,^f 376; xxvii, 236^f; xxviii, 270; xxix, 245^f; xxx, 59^f; xxxix, 50^f; xliii, 90^f; xlviii, 140^f; xlix, 42.^f

Carices, systematic arrangement of, C. Dewey, xi, 319.

—, list of, in northern parts of America, C. Dewey, xxviii, 271.

—, in the herbarium of Muhlenberg, C. Dewey, xxv, 143.

—, three new species in Alabama, S. B. Buckley, xlv, 173.

—, four new species in New England, E. Tuckerman, xlv, 39.

Carex acuta, x, 265.

— æstivalis, xlii, 28.

— affinis, xi, 305.

— alba, vii, 266; x, 280; xi, 316.^f

— alopecoidea, xlv, 39.

— alpestris, vii, 268.

— ampullacea, vii, 266.

— anceps, x, 36.^f

— aquatilis, x, 267.^f

— arctica, xxvii, 239.^f

— aristata, vii, 277^f; xi, 161; xxvii, 240.^f

— atrata, x, 271.

— attenuata, xi, 305.

— Backana, xxix, 250.^f

— Backii, xlix, 46.^f

— Baldwinia, xxvi, 107.^f

— Barrattii, xi, 162; xii, 297.^f

— binervis, xxx, 61.

— blanda, x, 45.^f

— blepharophora, xxx, 59.^f

— bromoides, viii, 264.

— Buckleyi, xlviii, 143.^f

— bullata, ix, 71; xi, 315.

— Buxbaumii, x, 39.

— canescens, viii, 93; xlv, 39.

— capillaris, xi, 149; xxxix, 51.

— capitata, xxxix, 51.

— Careyana, xxx, 60.^f

— Carltonia, xxvii, 238.^f

— caroliniana, xlv, 173; xlviii, 142.^f

— castanea, ix, 73.

— cephalophora, vii, 269; x, 268; xliii, 92.

— cespitosa, x, 266; xi, 318; xii, 297.

— cherokeensis, xi, 160.^f

— chordorrhiza, xlix, 44.

— collecta, xi, 314.^f

— columbiana, xxx, 62.^f

— compacta, xxvii, 237.^f

— concinna, xi, 152.

— concolor, xi, 309.

— Cooleyi, xlviii, 144.^f

— crinita, x, 270.

— cristata, x, 44.^f

— cryptocarpa, xxix, 245.^f

— dasycarpa, xi, 148.^f

— Davalliana, x, 283.

— Davisii, x, 279.^f

— decomposita, xxv, 140.^f

— Deweyana, ix, 62.^f

— digitalis, xi, 147.

— dioica, x, 283.

— disperma, viii, 266.^f

— Drummondiana, xxix, 251.^f

— Elliottii, xi, 151.^f

— exilis, xiv, 351^f;

β squamacea, xiv, 351.^f

— festiva, xxix, 246.^f

— festucacea, viii, 96.

— filifolia, xi, 150; xii, 296.^f

— filiformis, vii, 268.

— flava, ix, 65.

— flexuosa, x, 40.

— floridana, x, 45.^f

— fœnea, x, 284; xxv, 142.^f

— folliculata, x, 32.

— formosa, viii, 98.^f

— Fraseri, xi, 155.

— fuliginosa, xi, 152.

— fulvicoma, xxix, 249.^f

— gigantea, xi, 164.

— glaucescens, xi, 150^f; xliv, 84.

— gracillima, viii, 98.^f

— granularis, vii, 272; xi, 156.

— granularioides, ix, 262.^f

— Grayana, xxv, 141.^f

— Greeniana, xxx, 61.^f

— Halseyana, xi, 313.^f

— hirsuta, ix, 260; xi, 315.

— Hitchcockiana, x, 274.^f

— Hoodii, xlix, 42.^f

— Hookerana, xxix, 248.^f

— Hoppneri, xlix, 46.^f

— Houghtoniana, xxx, 63.^f

— hystericina, x, 35.

— incurva, xxvi, 376.

— intumescens, x, 33.

— lacustris, x, 43.

— lagopodioides, viii, 95.

— lanceata, xxix, 249.^f

— laxa, xxvi, 376.

— laxiflora, x, 31.

— lenticularis, vii, 273.^f

— leucoglochin, x, 42.

— Liddoni, xlix, 45.^f

— limosa, x, 41.

— loliacea, xi, 306.

— longirostris, ix, 257.^f

— lupulina, xi, 165.^f

— —, var. polystachia xi, 166.^f

— Lyoni, xlix, 42.^f

— macrocephala, xliii, 91.^f

— marcida, xlix, 43.^f

— marginata, xi, 163.

— marina, xxix, 247.^f

— Martensii, xxx, 62.

— Meadii, xliii, 90.^f

— media, xi, 309.

— membranacea, xxix, 247.^f

— Michauxii, x, 273.^f

— miliacea, x, 30.

— miliaris, x, 36.

— mirabilis, xxx, 63.^f

— misandra, xi, 153.

— miser, xlv, 173; xlviii, 141.^f

— Mitchelliana, xliv, 84; xlviii, 140.^f

— monile, xlix, 47.^f

— Muhlenbergii, viii, 265.

— multiflora, ix, 60^f; xi, 317.

— muricata, xi, 307.

— muskingumensis, x, 281.^f

— mutica, xi, 310; xxix, 252.^f

— neglecta, xlv, 40.

— nigricans, xxix, 249.^f

— nigro-marginata, x, 282.^f

— novangliæ, ix, 64.^f

— Nutallii, xliii, 92.^f

— Œderi, x, 38.

— Okesiana, xiv, 351.^f

— oligocarpa, x, 281.^f

— ovalis, vii, 276; xxvi, 377.

— ovata, x, 44.

— pallescens, vii, 267.

— panicea, xxv, 140.

— paniculata, x, 275.

— Parryana, xxvii, 239.^f

— pedunculata, ix, 259.

— petasata, xxix, 246.^f

— petricosa, xxix, 246.^f

— plantaginea, vii, 272; xi, 155.^f

— podocarpa, xi, 162; xxix, 251.^f

— polytrichoides, ix, 258.

— pseudo-cyperus, ix, 71; xi, 318.

— pubescens, ix, 73.

— pyriformis, ix, 69.^f

— Redowskiana, xxix, 250.^f

— remota, xi, 309.

— retroflexa, vii, 271; x, 277.

— retrorsa, ix, 67.^f

— Richardsonii, xi, 152.

— rigida, xlv, 40; xlix, 45.^f

— riparia, xlix, 47.

— rosea, x, 276.^f

— rostrata, xxxix, 52.

— Sartwellii, xliii, 90.^f

— saxatilis, xi, 310; xxvii, 236.

— scabrata, ix, 66.^f

— Schkuhrii, xxvii, 238.

— Schweinitzii, ix, 68.^f

— scirpoides, viii, 96.

— scoparia, viii, 94.

— setacea, ix, 61.^f

— Shortiana, xxx, 60.^f

— siccata, x, 278^f; xiv, 353.

— Sparganioides, viii, 265.

— spectabilis, xxix, 248.^f

— spherostachya, xlix, 44.^f

— squarrosa, vii, 270^f; xi, 316.

— stellulata, xi, 306.

— stenolepis, xxx, 59.^f

— stenophylla, xxvii, 237.

— sterilis, xi, 304.

— Steudelii, xlix, 46.^f

— stipata, vii, 271; x, 277.

— straminea, vii, 276; xi, 157, 318.^f

— stricta, x, 269.

— styloflexa, xlv, 174; xlviii, 141.^f

— Sullivantii, xlii, 29; xlix, 44.^f

— supina, xxvi, 376.

— sylvatica, x, 40.

— tenera, viii, 97.^f

— tenuiflora, xxxix, 51.

— teretiuscula, vii, 265.

— tentaculata, x, 34.

— tetanica, xi, 312.^f

— Torreyana, x, 47.

— Torreyi, xlix, 43.^f

— triceps, xlviii, 142.^f

— trichocarpa, vii, 274; xi, 158.^f

— trisperma, ix, 63.^f

— Tuckermanii, xlix, 48.^f

— umbellata, x, 31^f; xi, 316.

— ursina, xxvii, 240.^f

— ustulata, xi, 149.

— Vahlii, xxvi, 377.

— varia, xi, 162.

— venusta, xxvi, 107.^f

— verna, xi, 314.

— verrucosa, xi, 159^f; xlviii, 140.^f

— vesicaria, x, 273.

— vestita, ix, 261.

— virescens, ix, 259.

— viridula, xi, 153.

— Washingtoniana, x, 272^f; xii, 296.

— Willdenovii, ix, 258; xi, 311.

— Wormskioldiana, xi, 154; xiv, 352.^f

— xanthophysa, vii, 274^f; xiv, 353.

— — β nana, 353.^f

— — γ minor, 353.^f

Catalpa syringifolia, x, 259.

Cerastium, n. sp., iv. 63.

Cerotiola ericoides, northern limit of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 315.

Cetraria Tuckermanii, xlv, 48.

Chamœrops palmetto, locality of, xxvi, 315.

Charæ of North America, by A. Braun, xlvi, 92.

Clematis reticulata, xiv, 115.

Corydalis formosa, and canadensis, xxvi, 114.^f

Cranichis multiflora, v, 302.

Craterium pyriforme, J. W. Bailey, xlii, 195.

— —, shown to be an Acarus, xliii, 205.^f

Cryptogamia of Chelmsford, notice of a memoir on, by J. L. Russel, xxxix, 183.

Cuscuta cephalanthi, xliii, 336^f; xiv, 73.

— coryli, xliii, 337^f; xlv, 73.

— hispidula, xlv, 75.

— neuropetala, xlv, 75.

— pentagona, xliii, 340^f; xlv, 76.

— polygonorum, xliii, 342^f; xlv, 76.

— saururi, xliii, 339^f; xlv, 74.

— verrucosa, xliii, 341^f; xlv, 74.

— vulgivaga, xliii, 338^f; xlv, 73.

Cuscutineæ, N. American, monograph of, G. Engelmann, xliii, 333; xlv, 73.

Cycadeæ, remarks on, with descriptions of the ovula and seeds of Cycas revoluta, by A. J. Downing, xxxii, 45.^f

Cylactis, i, 377.

Cynanchum scoparium, v, 291.

Cyrilla paniculata, v, 290.

Dalea violacea, iv, 66.

Datura, two species in the United States, vi, 254.

Delphinium tricome, xiv, 114.

Dentaria dissecta, vii, 62.

Diervilla sessilifolia, xlv, 174.

Dionæa muscipula, xxvi, 315.

Diphylleia cymosa, xlii, 23.

Diplocea barbata, i, 252.

Dracena borealis, iv, 61.

Eleocharis compressa, xlii, 50.

Elymus hystrix, iv, 58.

Equiseta, North American, A. Braun's monograph, with additions by G. Engelmann, xlvi, 81.

Equisetum arvense, xlvi, 83.

— boreale, xlvi, 90.

— eburneum, xlvi, 84.

— giganteum, xlvi, 91.

— hyemale, xlvi, 89.

— lævigatum, xlvi, 87.

— limosum, xlvi, 86.

— palustre, xlvi, 85.

— pratense, xlvi, 85.

— robustum, xlvi, 88.

— scirpoides, xlvi, 91.

— sylvaticum, xlvi, 84.

— variegatum, xlvi, 90.

Erythronium albidum, xi, 177.

Eupatorium huaco, xxiv, 279.

Fedia radiata, iv, 57.

— umbilicata, xlii, 50.

Flœrkea, on the genus, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 373.

Geum agrimonoides, iv, 64.

— geniculatum, xlii, 35.

Gnaphalium, decurrens, i, 310, 330.

Gratiola micrantha, v, 287.

— missouriana, x, 258.

Grevilleanum serratum, xi, 183.^f

Gyropodium coccineum, ix, 56.^f

Hedeoma hirta, x, 260.

Hedyotis purpurea, xlii, 27.

Helianthus Dowellianus, xliv, 82.

Herniaria americana, v, 291.

Heterotropa, characters of the genus, xlii, 18.

— arifolia, xlii, 19.

— asaroides, xlii, 19.

— virginica, xlii, 19.

Hibiscus pentaspermus, v, 298.

Hoteia, characters of the genus, xlii, 39.

Houstonia minima, x, 262.

— ciliolata, x, 263.

— cœrulea, x, 263.

— longifolia, x, 263.

— purpurea, x, 263.

Hypericum Buckleii, xliv, 80.

— graveolens, xlv, 174.

— rosmarinifolium, xiv, 115.

Hyssopus anisatus, iv, 65.

Ilex laurifolia, v, 289.

Iris Duerinckii, xlv, 176.

— lacustris, iv, 57.

Jatropha manihot, v, 303.

Juncus cylindricus, xliv, 83.

— Greenei, xlv, 37.

Juniperus repens, iv, 69.

Jussieua tenuifolia, v, 294.

Justicia lætivirens, xlv, 176.

Kalmia cuneata, xxvi, 314.

Kobresia filiformis, xxix, 253.^f

— globularis, xxix, 253.^f

Lilium canadense, xi, 177.

— Catesbæi, xi, 177.

Lepidanche, new genus, C. Engelmann, xliii, 343.

— appressa, xlv, 77.

— compositarum, xliii, 344^f; xlv, 77.

Liatris flexuosa, xxxvii, 388.^f

— fruticosa, v, 299.

— oppositifolia, v, 299.

— scariosa, iv, 67.

— squarrosa, iv, 66.

Ligustrum vulgare, x, 258.

Limonia acidissima, v, 295.

Lindernia saxicola, xliv, 83.

Lobelia aphylla, v, 297.

Lodoicea sechellarum, notice of, J. E. Teschemacher, xxxvii, 396.

Lychnopora, a new genus from South America, notice of, ix, 375.

Lycoperdon tuber, or Indian bread, ii, 369.

— giganteum, xxxviii, 391.

Lycopodium annotinum, xlv, 46.

— inundatum, xlv, 47.

— selago, xlv, 48.

Magnolia grandiflora, xxvi, 314.

Malva Lecontii, xlv, 176.

— Nutalloides, xxvi, 313.

— triangulata, vii, 62.

Maranta arundinacea, v, 302.

Matelea lævis, v, 291.

Melanthium virginium, xi, 178.

Monarda allophylla, iv, 56.

— Bradburiana, x, 260.

— scabra, x, 260.

Mosses and Ferns of the United States, by L. C. Beck, xv, 287.

Mucedinea, on vines, xxix, 367.

Muhlenbergia filipes, xliv, 83.

Mylocarium ligustrinum, xxvi, 319.

Myosotis inflexa, xlvi, 98.

— macrosperma, xlvi, 98.

— stricta, xlvi, 98.

— verna, xlvi, 97.

Myosurus Shortii, i, 379.

Myrrhis canadensis, xi, 175.

— longistylis, xi, 175.

Nelumbium luteum, iv, 64.

Nemopanthus, i, 377.

Nemostyles cælestina, xlix, 130.

— gemmiflora, xlix, 131.

Neottia gemmipara, xlvii, 185.

Oakesia Conradii, xlv, 215.

Œnothera sinuata, xi, 180.

Olea americana, northern limit of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 315.

Oligostachyum, iv, 58.

Orchis tribe, synonymy of some species of, A. Gray, xxxviii, 306.

Orchis spectabilis, monstrous flower of, J. W. Bailey, xxxv, 117.^f

Oxyria reniformis, xlv, 29.

Panicum longisetum, iv, 58.

Passiflora Warei, v, 297.

Peaches growing on an almond tree, ii, 363.

Penstemon Nuttalli, xiv, 120.

Petalostemon roseum, v, 298.

— villosum, iv, 66.

Peucedanum ternatum, xxviii, 165.

Phacelia brevistylis, xlv, 172.

— fimbriata, xlv, 171.

— Purshii, xlv, 171.

— pusilla, xlv, 172.

Philadelphus hirsutus, xlix, 130.

Phalangium esculentum, iv, 60.

Phlox bifida, xi, 170.

— divaricata, xi, 169.

— glutinosa, xlv, 177.

— pilosa, xi, 169.

Physalis pubescens, xi, 170.

Piper leptostachyum, v, 287.

Planera or Siberian elm, xx, 377.

Plumbago floridana, v, 290.

Poa modesta, xlv, 45.

Polanisia, i, 378.

Potamogeton Claytoni, xlv, 38.

— pulcher, xlv, 38.

Potentilla supina, xiv, 114.

Prenanthes aphylla, v, 299.

Primula farinosa, iv, 59.

Prinos coriaceus, v, 293.

Prosartes maculata, xlvii, 201.

Protococcus kermesinus, analogies of, with the red particles of the blood, xxxvi, 206.

Prunus pennsylvanica, xiv, 112.

Psychotria lanceolata, v, 290.

Pteris alabamensis, xlv, 177.

Pycnanthemi, conspectus of, xlii, 44.

Pycnanthemum albescens, xlii, 45.

— aristatum, xlii, 44.

— clinopodioides, xlii, 45.

— dubium, xlii, 45.

— hyssopifolium, xlii, 44.

— incanum, xlii, 45.

— lanceolatum, xlii, 46.

— linifolium, xlii, 46.

— montanum, xlii, 47.

— muticum, xlii, 46.

— nudum, xlii, 47.

— pilosum, xiv, 117; xlii, 46.

— Torrei, xlii, 46.

— Tullii, xlii, 45.

Rafflesia, iii, 377.

Ranunculus, new species, near collinus, xiv, 116.

Rosa rubifolia, xiv, 113.

Rottböllia ciliata, i, 357.

— corrugata, i, 355.

Ruellia ciliosa, xiv, 119.

Sabal Adansoni, xxvi, 315.

— hystrix, v, 293.

— minima, v, 293.

Salix ambigua, xlv, 35.

— Cutleri, xlv, 36.

— myrtilloides, xlv, 34.

— phylicifolia, xlv, 35.

Sanguinaria canadensis, xlix, 130.

Sanicula marilandica, xi, 174.

Sarracenia, remarks on the genus and species of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 316.

— pulchella, xxv, 75.

Saxifraga Careyana, xlii, 32.

Schænus effusus, northern limit of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 315.

Scutellaria arguta, xlv, 175.

— saxatilis, xlii, 18.

— parvula, xiv, 117.

Selloa nudata, v, 300.

Shortia, characters of the genus, xlii, 48.

Silene axillaris, vii, 62.

— regia, xi, 182.

Silphium, v, 301.

Sium tricuspidatum, xi, 175.

Smilax grandifolia, xlv, 171.

Solorina saccata, xlv, 49.

Sophora affinis, xlix, 130.

Squamaria rubina, notice of, xxxix, 183.

Stachys aspera, iv, 65.

Stanleya amplexifolia, v, 297.

Stillingia ligustrina, xlix, 129.

— oblongifolia, xlix, 128.

Streptopus maculatus, xlv, 170.

Sullivantia, characters of the genus, xlii, 22.

— —, ohioensis, xlii, 22.

Swertia deflexa, found in Maine, xxxii, 23.

Thalictrum clavatum, xlii, 17.

— debile, xlv, 175.

— filipes, xlii, 17.

Thermopsis caroliniana, xliv, 80.

— fraxinifolia, xliv, 81.

Thyrsanthus floridana, xxv, 75.

Tiarella cordifolia, iv, 63.

Tillandsia Bartrami, v, 292.

— monostachya, v, 292.

Tradescantia virginica, iv, 60.

Trillium recurvatum, xi, 178.

— viride, xi, 178.

Tullia pycnanthemoides, xx, 343.^f

Ulmus crassifolia, xlix, 129.

— racemosa, xix, 170.^f

Usnea acharius, from N. South Shetlands, vi, 104.^f

Utricularia intermedia, xlv, 28.

— nelumbiifolia, xlv, 215.

— striata, xlv, 29.

Uvularia lanceolata, xi, 178.

— perfoliata, iv, 61.

Vaccinium hirsutum, xlv, 175.

— ursinum, xliv, 82.

Valeriana ciliata, xlii, 51.

Verbena bracteosa, xiv, 118.

— lanceolata, xiv, 118.

— hybrids of different species, xlvi, 99.

Vicia Douglassii, iv, 66.

Viola, monograph of the American species of the genus, by L. D. de Schweinitz, v, 48.

— asarifolia, v, 54.

— bicolor, v, 78.

— blanda, v, 65.

— canadensis, v, 68.

— clandestina, v, 65.

— concolor, v, 79.

— cordifolia, v, 62.

— cucullata, v, 59.

— debilis, v, 71.

— eriocarpa, v, 75.

— hastata, v, 77.

— lanceolata, v, 64.

— Nutalli, v, 77.

— obliqua, v, 60.

— ochroleuca, v, 69.

— ovata, v, 58.

— palmata, v, 51.

— pedata, v, 50.

— primulifolia, v, 64.

— pubescens, v, 74.

— punctata, v, 67.

— repens, v, 70.

— rostrata, v, 72.

— rotundifolia, v, 63.

— sagittata, v, 56.

— striata, v, 76.

— triloba, v, 57.

— tripartita, v, 73.

— uliginosa, v, 72.

— villosa, v, 61.

Xanthium maculatum, i, 151.

Zizia pinnatifida, xlv, 175.

Botany, fossil.

— of the coal strata, A. Brongniart, iv, 266.^f

—, — —, H. Witham, xviii, 110.^f

—, — —, of England, iii, 246.

—, — —, of Ohio, at Zanesville, E. Granger, iii, 5.^f

—, — —, of Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1, 151.^f

Abies Benstedi, xlv, 402.

Carpolithus Smithii, xlv, 402.

Culmites, vii, 180.

Ficoidites scabrosus, xxxi, 31.^f

Filicites, generic characters of, vii, 181.

Fucoides bilobata, xlviii, 307.^f

— demissa, xlvii, 360.^f

— Harlani, xlviii, 299.^f

—, of New York, xxxvi, 46.

—, of Indiana, xliv, 290.^f

—, of Pennsylvania, xx, 415; xxvii, 347.

—, remarks on, by Brongniart, ix, 375.

Palmacites, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Palm, Ohio, xxxi, 35.^f

—, trees, Indiana, D. D. Owen, xlv, 336.

Sigillaria, vii, 180.

—, in coal fields near Liverpool, xlv, 403.

—, relation to Stigmariæ, xlix, 227.

—, marineria, xxxi, 30.^f

Stigmaria, vii, 180.

—, relation to Sigillariæ, xlix, 227.

Strobilus caryophyllus, xxxi, 32.^f

Syringodendron, vii, 180.

—, Kirtlandius, xxxi, 29.^f

—, trees and wood, see under Fossil.

Zamia sussexiensis, xlv, 401.

—, fossil fruits of, G. A. Mantell, xlv, 401.

Botanical collections, notice of several, xlv, 225.

—, fêtes in France, ix, 154.

—, garden, in Russia, at St. Petersburg, xx, 175.

—, —, in Austria, ii, 340.

—, press, J. Locke, xxx, 54.^f

—, works of Rafinesque, xl, 221.

—, —, notices of various, see under Works.

Bottles, glass, strength of, xix, 197.

—, for washing, in chemical manipulations, xxxi, 292.^f

Botto, G. D., on electro-chemical action, xxiv, 197; xxix, 369.

Boulders over the northern parts of England, Prof. Phillips, xxxi, 360.

—, ibid, R. I. Murchison, xxxi, 375.

—, and glaciers in Switzerland, Agassiz, xli, 59, 190.

—, of the North of Germany, xxviii, 389.

—, large, in Invernesshire, vi, 158.

—, and diluvial scratches, in the U. States, xli, 174.

—, in New England, their positions attributed to a retiring ocean, ix, 28.

—, in R. Island, C. T. Jackson, xl, 184.

—, in Maine, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 152.

—, in the Connecticut valley, vi, 85.

—, in western N. York, xxxvi, 39.

—, in New York, about the sources of the Hudson and to the southward, xxxiii, 304, 315.

—, on Long Island, xxxvi, 20.

—, of Labrador feldspar, near Pompton, N. J., v, 241.

—, of Ohio, D. and I. A. Lapham, xxii, 300.

—, in the valley of the Muskingum, xxix, 11.

—, in Illinois, xxxiv, 141.

—, in Indiana, J. S. Plummer, xliv, 296, 303.

—, of gneiss and granite on the Côteau des Prairies, G. Catlin, xxxviii, 142.

—, of the Canadian lakes and valley of the St. Lawrence, C. Lyell, xlvi, 314.

—, the origin of, remarks on, P. Dobson, x, 217.

—, Murchison's citation of Dobson's views on, xliii, 200.

—, transported by ice, in the polar current, W. C. Redfield, xxxii, 351.

—, on the supposed transportation of, J. E. DeKay, xiii, 348.

—, buoyancy of, at great depths, xxviii, 111.

—, gravel, &c., remarks on, Sedgwick, xxxiii, 287.

—, or erratic blocks, theory of, B. Struder, xxxvi, 326.

—, glacial theory of Agassiz, xlii, 352.^f

—, see farther under Drift and Scratches.

Boundaries of empires, affected by Physical Geography, xiv, 18; xvi, 99.

Bourne, A., manufacture of glass for optical purposes, xl, 207.

—, prairies and barrens of the west, ii, 30.

—, presentation of shells to Yale College, xxxix, 195.

—, resistance of liquids, xxviii, 231.

Bourne, W. O., Bergen Hill minerals, xl, 69.

Bowditch, N., life and character of, A. Young, xxxv, 1.^f

—, obituary notice of, xxxiv, 220.

—, notice of, by the Duke of Sussex, xxxvi, 214.

—, list of the scientific papers of, xxxv, 46.

—, Mécanique Céleste, publication of, xxxv, 17.

—, Treatise on Navigation, by, origin of, xxxv, 9.

Bowdoin, J., account of an irised aurora, xviii, 72.

Bowen, A. W., Floral Calendar for 1826-7, as kept in Herkimer Co., N. Y., xvi, 48.

Bowen, G. T., analysis of a siliceous hydrate of copper from New Jersey, viii, 118.

—, — the tungstate of lime, of Huntington, Ct., v, 118.

—, description and analysis of Sillimanite, viii, 113.

—, localities of spodumene in Massachusetts, viii, 121.

—, magnetic effects produced by Hare's calorimoter, v, 357.

Bowman, J. E., infusorial vegetable remains in England, xl, 174.

Boué, geological journey, ix, 23.

Bowring, J., on the boracic acid lagoons of Tuscany, xxxvii, 270.

Boyé, M. H., production of a perchloric ether, xl, 50.

—, on perchloric ether, xlii, 63.

Brace, J. P., list of plants growing in Litchfield Co., Conn., iv, 69, 292.

—, on the minerals of Litchfield Co., Ct., i, 351.

—, on the Phalæna devastata or cut-worm, i, 154.

Braconnot, on xiloidine, xxviii, 131.

Brady, Samuel, legend of, xxxi, 43.

Brady's Hill, legend of, xxxi, 20.

Brain of idiots, defective, xxxiv, 31.

Brandes, H. W., notice of, xxviii, 97.

—, observations on shooting stars, xv, 168; xxviii, 97; xxxiii, 361; xxxv, 231, 361.

Brandy from potatoes, Siemen's process for making, ix, 386.

Braun, A., Charæ of North America, xlvi, 92.

—, on North American Equiseta, xlvi, 81.

Brazil, number of known plants in, xv, 390.

Bread, on alcohol in, xxiii, 194; xxvi, 211.

—, use of sulphate of copper and other saline materials in making, M. Kuhlmann, xx, 269.

Breast wheels, A. B. Quinby, xi, 333.

Breathing, voluntary, v, 203.

Breccia, cemented by hematitic iron, viii, 18.

—, quartzose, in western Massachusetts, viii, 18.

Breislakite, xi, 250.

Breithaupt's specific gravities of minerals, table of, xxxi, 268.

Bremicker's comet, xl, 207.

Brevicite, a new mineral species, xxx, 178.

Brewster, D., on the distribution of the coloring matter and the optical properties of the Brazilian topaz, vii, 364.

—, a new fluid in minerals, vii, 186.

—, new structure in the diamond, xxxiv, 37.

—, monochromatic lamp, vii, 363.

—, double refraction resulting from pressure, xxi, 296.

—, cause of double refraction in crystals, xxi, 299.

—, on the polarization of light by reflection, xxii, 277.^f

—, on the action of second surfaces of transparent plates upon light, xxiii, 28.^f

—, laws of the polarization of light by refraction, xxiii, 225.^f

—, a new properly of light, xxxiv, 20.

—, a new kind of polarity in homogeneous light, xxxv, 292.

—, new discoveries with the spectrum, xliv, 163, 164.

—, dichroism of some palladio-chlorides, xliv, 165.

—, on the cause of muscæ volitantes, xl, 333.

—, on the decomposition of glass, and on the polarization of decomposed glass, xl, 324, 325.

—, on the line of visible direction, along the axis of vision, xl, 334.

—, cause of increase of color when objects are seen with the head inverted, xl, 343.

—, action of gaseous and other media on the solar spectrum, xlii, 157.

Brewster's (Gilbert) frame for spinning wool, notice of, x, 130.

Brewsterite, xx, 198.

Bricks of the ancients, xxvi, 234.

— made near Jamaica, N. Y., xxxvi, 21.

— made by a press, vi, 396.

—, use of anthracite in the making of, W. Meade, xviii, 118.

—, fire, made at Bennington, Vt., xxxii, 195; xxxiii, 202.

Bridge-building, Town's new mode of, iii, 158^f; xxxviii, 276.^f

Bridge, description of, G. W. Long, xviii, 123.^f

—, chain, in progress, over the Menai, an arm of the Irish sea, vi, 384.

Brines, see Salt and Springs.

Bringier, L., geology, mineralogy, aboriginal inhabitants, &c. of the regions of the Mississippi, iii, 15.

Bromine, discovery of, by M. Balard, xii, 198.

—, nature of, xiii, 398.

—, new compounds of, xiv, 386.

—, preparation of, xviii, 154.

—, and iodine, atomic weight of, Berzelius, xix, 383.

—, hydrate of, xx, 194.

—, combinations of, C. Löwig, xviii, 153.

—, and iodine in mineral waters, remarks on, Prof. Daubeny, xxi, 366.

—, and iodine in the Baltic, xix, 382.

—, in the Salina brines and Saratoga waters, xviii, 142.

—, in the Kenawha waters, xviii, 260.

—, in the Hingham salt works, Mass., xx, 161.

—, and iodine in the salt springs at Athens, Ohio, W. W. Mather, xlix, 211.

Brongniart, Al., miscellaneous geological and mineralogical observations, iii, 216.

—, on the art of pottery and vitrification, new work of, xxxi, 134.

—, on organized remains, notice of, i, 71; iv, 396.

—, seven classes of rocks, xxxix, 149.

—, zoological characters of rocks, and the application of these characters to determining some strata of the chalk era, viii, 213.

Brongniart, Ad., on the nature of the vegetables of the earth at different epochs of its formation, xxxiv, 315.

Bronzing iron and gun barrels, method of, xxx, 173.

Bronzite, analysis of, (Seybertite,) T. G. Clemson, xxiv, 171.

—, locality of, in New York, xvi, 185; xxi, 327.

Brookite, xviii, 392.

Brown, S., substance accompanying the native nitre of Kentucky, i, 146.

Brown, production of silicon from paracyanogen, xli, 208.

Brown's active molecules, xvii, 390.

Brown spar in Massachusetts, viii, 235; in New York, ii, 237.

Browne, J. B., impression in marble, xix, 361.^f

Bruce, Archibald, biographical notice of, i, 299.^f

Brucite, see Chondrodite.

Bubbles, blown in melted rosin, ii, 179.

Buckland, Prof., Bridgewater Treatise of, noticed, C. Lyell, xxxiii, 112.

—, instructions for conducting geological investigations and collecting specimens, iii, 249.