INDEX (continued 3)

— —, — —, improved form of, M. Faraday, xxxii, 170.

— —, —, combining the advantages of the trough of Cruikshank with the deflagrator, xxxii, 285.^f

— —, of great power, F. W. de Moleyns, xliv, 357.

— —, J. Henry, on a spark from a long conductor uniting the poles of, xxviii, 327.

— —, —, action of a spiral conductor, xxviii, 329.

— —, C. G. Page, on iron or any metal a substitute for copper, xxxii, 197.

— —, —, on the benefit of fresh immersion, xxxvi, 137.^f

— —, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, experimental enquiry into some of the laws of, xxvii, 39.^f

— —, —, relative influences of the zinc and copper, xxvii, 41.

— —, —, examination of Ritchie's law of surface, xxvii, 53.

— —, —, influence of temperature, xxvii, 57.

— —, J. B. Rogers and J. Green, ibid, xxviii, 33.

— —, —, relative importance of the zinc and copper, xxviii, 34.

— —, —, relative distance of the plates, xxviii, 39.

— —, —, deflecting power from different menstrua, xxviii, 40.

— —, W. Sturgeon, difference in the effects of the two polar wires, xxxix, 31.^f

— —, Watkins' dry, xvii, 162.

— blasting, R. Hare, xxi, 139; xxvi, 352^f; xxxviii, 188.

— —, H. K. G. Morgan, xxxviii, 33.

— calorimotor, Hare's, i, 413^f; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f

— —, for galvano-ignition apparatus, R. Hare, xxxii, 284.^f

— circle, theory of, T. Graham, xxxviii, 117.

— currents, caloric a cause of, J. P. Emmet, xxv, 269.

— —, remarks on, xviii, 199.^f

— —, and sparks from the horse-shoe magnet, J. P. Emmet, xxiv, 78.^f

— deflagrator, Hare's, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48.

— —, improved form of, M. Faraday, xxxii, 170.

— experiments by A. Crosse, producing crystals, and, as supposed, insects, xxxv, 125.^f

— —, by R. Hare, viii, 145.

— —, with grasshopper's legs, J. W. Bailey, xxxi, 292.^f

— ignition of gunpowder, R. Hare, xxxvii, 269.

— induction, J. P. Emmet, xxvi, 23.^f

— lamp, an improvement in, by Dr. J. Cutbush, ii, 332.

— light, transmission of, through metals of different conducting powers, J. Thomas, xxxiv, 205.^f

— —, daguerrotype experiment by, B. Silliman, Jr. and W. H. Goode, xliii, 185.

— multiplier, see Galvanometer.

— music, production of, C. G. Page, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118.

— phenomenon, attending the soldering of water pipes in N. York city, xvii, 194.

— protection by the contact of heterogeneous metals, xvi, 263.

— trough, Watkins's, xvi, 215.

Galvanism, anthracite a conductor of, v, 200.

—, charcoal fused by, v, 108, 361; viii, 147, 288; xxxviii, 190.

—, — —, L. Vanuxem's examination of, viii, 292.

—, on colors supposed to be transferred by, through animal substances, A. Jones, xxi, 316.

—, A. Crosse's experiments in, see Crosse.

—, crystallization of metals by, G. Bird, xxxiii, 267.

—, —, M. Becquerel, xvii, 383.

—, crystals and insects, A. Crosse, xxxv, 125.^f

—, engravings copied by, von Kobell, xlviii, 221.^f

—, engravings and medals by, T. Spencer, xl, 157.^f

—, fossils copied by, xlii, 327.

—, gilding by, xli, 402.

—, insects supposed to be produced by, xxxii, 374^f; xxxiii, 272; xxxv, 125^f; xlix, 227.

—, —, —, W. H. Weekes, xliii, 395.

—, grasshopper's legs, a substitute for frogs, J. W. Bailey, xxxi, 292.^f

—, insulation of wires, a mode of, proposed, A. A. Hayes, xx, 409.

—, metals precipitated by, structure of, W. de la Rue, xlix, 390.

—, minerals changed by, R. W. Fox, xxxi, 373.

—, results from heat of, and decomposition, W. Sturgeon, xxxix, 29.

—, shocks from the calorimotor, how increased, C. G. Page, xxxi, 137.^f

—, size of plates, influence of, in, xxvii, 189.

—, theory of, Prof. Pfaff, xix, 178.

—, theory of, R. Hare, i, 413.^f

—, theory of, Schönbein, xxxviii, 119.

Galvanography, von Kobell, xlviii, 221.^f

—, T. Spencer, xl, 157.^f

—, fossils copied by, xlii, 327.

Galvano-ignition apparatus, R. Hare, xxxii, 282.^f

Galvanometer, R. Hare's improved, xxvi, 359.^f

—, —, rotary multiplier, xxxviii, 339.^f

—, J. Henry, on the application of, to electro-magnetic apparatus, xix, 400.^f

—, J. Locke, notice of a new, xxvi, 103^f, 378.^f

—, —, large thermoscopic, xxxiii, 365.

—, J. P. Emmet's, new form of, xxvi, 311.

—, C. G. Page, on the use of, xxxii, 354.^f

—, —, astatic or rotary, xxxiii, 376.^f

—, —, axial, xlix, 136.^f

—, —, circular, xxxv, 259.^f

—, modified, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, xxvii, 39.^f

Galvanoscope, a means of detecting the failure of water in steam boilers by, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 141.^f

Galvano-magnetic condenser, v, 394.

— - —, apparatus, J. F. Dana, vi, 330.^f

— - —, —, Italian, v, 388.

Electro-chemical action, G. D. Botto, xxiv, 197; xxix, 369.

— - —, odor, ozone the cause of, Schönbein, xli, 43.

Electro-dynamic induction of coils, J. B. Zabriskie, xxxii, 308.^f

— - —, —, various experiments in, and principles deduced, J. Henry, xxxviii, 170, 209.^f

— - —, —, observations on, J. Henry, xli, 117.^f

— - —, —, two kinds of, J. Henry, xli, 129.^f

— - —, —, theoretical considerations, J. Henry, xli, 135.^f

Electro-magnet, Henry's large, xix, 408.^f

— - —, made for the Laboratory of Yale College, xx, 200.

— - —, a variety of, proposed, J. Humbert, xxxviii, 205.

— - —, Mr. Ganby's, xxix, 354.

— - —, C. G. Page's, xxxv, 253.^f

— - —, see farther under Electro-magnetic apparatus.

Electro-magnetic apparatus, J. H. Abbot, xl, 104.^f

— - — —, P. Barlow, v, 396.^f

— - — —, A. W. Campbell's engine, xxxv, 343.

— - — —, E. M. Clarke, (magneto-electric) xxxiii, 213^f;

–electrepeter, xxxiii, 224.^f

— - — —, —, modes of experimenting with, in decomposing water, xxxiii, 217.^f

— - — —, —, mode of giving shocks, xxxiii, 216.^f

— - — —, —, mode of scintillating iron wire, xxxiii, 219.^f

— - — —, —, mode of adjusting the intensity armature, xxxiii, 218.^f

— - — —, —, rotation by magnetic electricity, xxxiii, 221.^f

— - — —, —, mode of igniting charcoal, xxxiii, 222.^f

— - — —, T. Davenport, xxxii, Append. after 216; xxxiii, 193.

— - — —, —, rotary, xxxii, 216^f, App., and 399.

— - — —, T. Edmonson, modification of Ampère's rotating, xxvi, 370.^f

— - — —, —, rotating armature, xxvi, 205^f; xxxii, 399.

— - — —, J. Henry's application of a galvanic multiplier, xix, 400.^f

— - — —, J. B. Joslin, xxi, 86.^f

— - — —, J. Locke, and on magneto-electricity, xxxiv, 125.^f

— - — —, B. R. McConnell's rotating, xxxiii, 188.

— - — —, C. G. Page, xxxiii, 191^f; xxxiv, 364; xlix, 131.^f

— - — —, —, double axial reciprocating engine, xlix, 139.^f

— - — —, —, with revolving armature, xxxvi, 350.^f

— - — —, —, C. G. Page, compound electro-magnet, xxxv, 253.^f

— - — —, —, electrotome, xxxv, 112^f, 253.^f

— - — —, —, reciprocating armature engine, xxxv, 263.^f

— - — —, —, with vibrating armature, xxxv, 267.^f

— - — —, —, circular galvanometers, xxxv, 259^f;

–with double helix for inducing magnetism, xxxv, 261.^f

— - — —, —, electrepeter, new form of, xxxiii, 377^f; xxxv, 112.^f

— - — —, W. H. Pepys, vii, 195.

— - — —, M. Pixii, xxiv, 144, 146^f, 196.

— - — —, J. B. Zabriskie, model of engine, xxxii, 313.^f

— - — —, —, rotating, xxxvi, 129.^f

— - — currents, A. de la Rive, xxxiv, 6.

— - — disc of Arago, xxiv, 143.

— - — induction, see Electro-dynamic.

— - — and magneto-electric formula, xxxv, 356.^f

— - — properties of metalliferous veins, R. W. Fox, xx, 136.

— - — telegraph, S. F. B. Morse's, xxxiii, 185.^f

— - — —, see farther, Magneto-electric.

Electro-magnetism, early experiments in, iii, 383; v, 391.

— - —, experiments in, J. H. Abbot, xl, 104.^f

— - —, J. P. Emmet's discoveries (magneto-electric) in, xxiv, 78^f; xxvi, 311; xxviii, 331.

— - —, —, on the cause of voltaic currents in, xxvi, 23.^f

— - —, R. Hare's experiments, viii, 145.

— - —, R. Hare's experiments, in confirmation of Henry's, xx, 143.

— - —, M. Jacobi on, as a moving power, xl, 339.

— - —, —, ibid, laws of, xl, 340.

— - —, G. Moll's experiments in, xix, 329.

— - —, — experiments to determine how far galvanic surfaces could be diminished and retain magnetic power, xxvi, 177.

— - —, C. G. Page's experiments on the application of, as a moving power, xxxiii, 118, 190^f; xxxv, 106.

— - —, M. Pixii's experiments in, xxiv, 144, 146^f, 196.

— - —, J. B. Zabriskie, on the induction of metallic coils, xxxii, 308.^f

Electrometers, iii, 372.

Electrometer, single leaf, R. Hare, vii, 351^f; viii, 99; xxv, 136.^f

Electromotors, S. Dal Negro, xxvii, 189.

—, new property of elementary, S. Dal Negro, xxv, 193.

Electrography, gilding by, xli, 402.

—, v. Kobell on, xlix, 221.

Electroscope, R. Hare, xxv, 136.^f

Electrotome, C. G. Page, xxxv, 112^f, 253.^f

Electrotype, account of, T. Spencer, xl, 157.^f

Elephant, death of, iv, 393.

— of Siberia, xxvii, 353.

—, fossil, near Bloomfield, Ohio, xxv, 256.

—, —, Jackson Co., Ohio, xxxiv, 358^f, 363.^f

—, — remains, Irondiquot Creek, xxxii, 377.

— bones and Mylodon (?) from Oregon, H. C. Perkins, xlii, 136.^f

— —, from near Beering's Straits, xvi, 382.

— tooth, from near the shores of Lake Erie, xiv, 31.

Elevation above the ocean of some heights in Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania and New York, C. Whittlesey, xlv, 12.

— — ibid in western New York and of Lake Erie, C. Dewey, xxxiii, 122.

— — — in Wisconsin, I. A. Lapham, xlvi, 258.

Elevation, Hopkins' theoretical views respecting the geological phenomena of, xxxi, 365.

—, G. E. Hayes, on the effects of the ocean in western New York, during, xxxv, 86.

—, W. W. Mather on causes of, in rise of sedimentary rocks of United States, xlix, 284.

—, H. D. and W. B. Rogers, theory of, xliv, 360.

— of Ceylon, evidence of, vi, 194.

— of the coast of Chili, xxviii, 236; xxx, 110.

— — — and South America, C. Darwin, xxxiii, 100.

— of the banks of the Mississippi, 1811, F. C. Usher, xxxi, 294.^f

— of Sweden, C. Lyell, xxviii, 72, 387; xxix, 363.

— of the Scandinavian coast, L. Beamish, xlvii, 184.

— of Dominica, St. Christopher's, St. Eustatia and Saba, West Indies, indicated by raised coral reefs, iv, 218.

Elizabeth Islands, vii, 240.^f

Elk of Ireland, iv, 246.

—, fossil bones of, in North Carolina, xxvii, 170.

Ellet, W. H., on the compounds of cyanogen, xviii, 329.

Ellipses, mode of drawing, S. De Witt, xxiv, 369.^f

—, on the rectification of, C. Wilder, xviii, 38.^f

Elliptic motion, T. Strong, xxx, 248.

Elm-tree moth, parasite of the eggs of, xxxviii, 385.

—, destruction of the eggs of, by a parasite, E. C. Herrick, xl, 211.

Embalming, remarks on the mode of, xii, 183.

—, J. N. Gannal's new process, xl, 194.

Emerald in Africa, ii, 354.

Emerson, G. B., biographical notice of A. P. De Candolle, xlii, 217.

Emery of Saxony, xxiv, 377.

Emmet, J. P., on formic acid, xxxii, 140.

—, ammoniacal salts, solvent and oxydating powers of, xviii, 255.

—, iodide of potassium a test for arsenic, xviii, 58.

—, electro-magnetism and thermo-electricity, xxvi, 311.

—, —, new discoveries in, xxiv, 78.^f

—, —, cause of currents in, xxvi, 23.^f

—, solidification of raw gypsum, xxiii, 209.

—, a mode of producing sparks and galvanic currents from the horse-shoe magnet, xxiv, 78.^f

Emmonite, supposed new mineral, T. Thomson, xxxi, 171.

Emmons, E., birds of spring, time of appearance in Williamstown, Mass., 1831-33, xxvi, 208.

—, circulation in vegetables, xxvi, 99.

—, granitic veins and beds of Chester, Mass., viii, 250.

—, Grevilleanum serratum, a new species of moss, xi, 183.^f

—, metamorphic changes by artificial heat, in sandstone, xlv, 146.

—, rainmarks in the Potsdam sandstone, xlv, 316.

—, strontianite in the U. States, xxvii, 182.

Enamel for porcelain, v, 189.

Enamelled cast iron vessels in Bohemia, xlix, 400.

Encroachment of the sea, near New York, W. W. Mather, xxxvi, 16.

Endogenites, vii, 179.

Enfield's Natural Philosophy, review of, iii, 125.

England, population of, xxiv, 211.

Engelmann, G., Braun's monography of N. American Equiseta, with additions, xlvi, 81.

—, Braun's Charæ of N. America, xlvi, 92.

—, catalogue of a collection of plants in Illinois and Missouri, xlvi, 94.

—, monograph of the N. American Cuscutineæ, xliii, 333^f; xlv, 73.

—, a mode of cupellation, xlii, 394.

Engine, explosive, of S. Morey, account of, xi, 104.

—, steam, see Steam engine.

English lexicography, contributions to, J. W. Gibbs, xxxiii, 324; xli, 28, 32; xlv, 96.

Engraving, a mode of enlarging, ii, 342.

—, a mode of biting-in, on steel, x, 194.

—, in taille douce, iv, 192.

— on steel, Perkins's invention, iii, 353.

Epicycloid, on the, E. F. Johnson, xxi, 280.^f

Epidemics, in Paris, during past years, xxv, 197.

Epidote of Franconia, N. H., account of, C. U. Shepard, xviii, 129.^f

—, crystals from Haddam, Ct., xlvi, 380.^f

—, localities of, in Canada, viii, 62.

—, —, in N. Carolina, v, 262.

—, —, in Connecticut, i, 354; ii, 240; vi, 223; viii, 258; xii, 170; xviii, 361.

—, —, in Delaware, xiv, 11.

—, —, Massachusetts, i, 114; iii, 364; vi, 223; vii, 253; viii, 235; ix, 43.

—, —, New Hampshire, ii, 241; vi, 245; viii, 235; xviii, 129.

—, —, in New Jersey, v, 243.

—, —, in New York, ii, 241; iv, 47; vii, 58; ix, 41.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, viii, 238; xiv, 6.

—, —, in Rhode Island, iv, 285; x, 10.

—, —, in Vermont, vii, 58; xvii, 354.

Epistilbite and Heulandite, identity of, xiii, 185.

Equations, differential of the second order, integration of, T. Strong, xlii, 273.

— of the fourth degree, on the resolution of, xviii, 276.

— of the third and fourth degree, method of resolving, A. C. Twining, ix, 86.

Equilibrium between living and dead forces, condition of, R. H. Fauntleroy, xlvii, 241.^f

Equinoxes, precession of, vii, 323^f; viii, 132, 139.^f

Equiseta, N. American, A. Braun's monograph, with additions by G. Engelmann, xlvi, 81.

Equisetum arvense, xlvi, 83.

— boreale, xlvi, 90.

— eburneum, xlvi, 84.

— giganteum, xlvi, 91.

— hyemale, xlvi, 89.

— lævigatum, xlvi, 87.

— limosum, xlvi, 86.

— palustre, xlvi, 85.

— pratense, xlvi, 85.

— robustum, xlvi, 88.

— scirpoides, xlvi, 91.

— sylvaticum, xlvi, 84.

— variegatum, xlvi, 90.

Equivalents, chemical, Wollaston's scale of, xvi, 371.

—, —, —, improved, L. C. Beck and J. Henry, xiv, 202.

—, —, circular scale of, J. Finch, xviii, 196.

Eremite, a new mineral, C. U. Shepard, xxxii, 341.^f

—, crystallographic examination of, J. D. Dana, xxxiii, 70.^f

—, identical with monazite, J. D. Dana, xlv, 402.^f

Ergot of rye, W. Tully, M. D., ii, 45.

—, remarks on, xii, 398.

—, on the origin of, M. Field, ix, 359.

Erie canal, tolls on, x, 398.

Erratic blocks, over the northern parts of England, Prof. Phillips, xxxi, 360.

— —, ibid, R. I. Murchison, xxxi, 375.

— — and glaciers in Switzerland, Agassiz, xli, 59, 190.

— — of the North of Germany, xxviii, 389.

— —, large, in Invernesshire, vi, 158.

— — and diluvial scratches, in the U. States, xli, 174.

— — in New England, their positions attributed to a retiring ocean, ix, 28.

— — in Rhode Island, C. T. Jackson, xl, 184.

— — in Maine, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 152.

— — in the Connecticut valley, vi, 85.

— — in western New York, xxxvi, 39.

— — in New York, about the sources of the Hudson and to the southward, xxxiii, 304, 315.

— — on Long Island, xxxvi, 20.

— — of Labrador feldspar, near Pompton, New Jersey, v, 241.

— — of Ohio, D. and I. A. Lapham, xxii, 300.

— —, in the valley of the Muskingum, xxix, 11.

— — in Illinois, xxxiv, 141.

— — in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 296^f, 303.

— — of gneiss and granite on the Côteau des Prairies, G. Catlin, xxxviii, 142.

— — of the Canadian lakes and valley of the St. Lawrence, C. Lyell, xlvi, 314.

— — the origin of, remarks on, P. Dobson, x, 217.

— — Murchison's citation of Dobson's views on, xliii, 200.

— — transported by ice, in the polar current, W. C. Redfield, xxxii, 351.

— — on the supposed transportation of, J. E. DeKay, xiii, 348.

— — buoyancy of, at great depths, xxviii, 111.

— — gravel, &c., remarks on, Sedgwick, xxxiii, 287.

— — theory of, B. Struder, xxxvi, 325.

— glacial theory of Agassiz, xlii, 352.^f

— see farther under Drift and Scratches.

Erythronium, supposed new metal, xx, 386.

Esophagotomy, iv, 383.

Espy, J. P., views on storms, xxxix, 120; xl, 327.

—, — —, notice of, by A. D. Bache, xxxv, 280.

—, on the causes of the daily fluctuations of the barometer, xli, 42.

—, meteorological enterprise of, xliv, 212.

Esquimaux Indians, remarks on, xvi, 145.

Essential oils, reaction of, with sulphurous acid, R. Hare, xxxi, 281.

Essex county, (N. Y.) mountains of, and the sources of the Hudson, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 301.^f

Etching glass with fluor spar, vi, 354.^f

Etna, ascent of, S. L. Johnson, xxvi, 1.

—, crater of, xxvi, 7.

—, earthquakes in 1823, ix, 216.

—, observations on, E. de Beaumont, xxxi, 168.

—, luminous flames at, xxxi, 169.

—, geological structure of, F. Ferrara, viii, 201.

Ether in space, idea of, when introduced, xxxiii, 1.

— —, resistance to motion of heavenly bodies, xvii, 389.

— —, examination of the theory of, R. W. Haskins, xxxiii, 1.

—, boracic, xlviii, 189.

—, chloric, new mode of obtaining, S. Guthrie, xxi, 64.

—, hydriodic, M. Serullas, xviii, 161.

—, hyponitrous, R. Hare, xxxv, 329.

—, nitrous, new process for, R. Hare, ii, 326.

—, nitric, process for, R. Hare, xxxiii, 241.^f

—, œnanthic, xxxii, 381.

—, perchloric, C. Hare and M. H. Boyé, xl, 50, 382; xlii, 63.

—, silicic, xlix, 192.

—, sulpho-cyanic, xvii, 377.

—, sulphuric, on the manufacture of, xxii, 199.

—, sulphurous, R. Hare, xxxi, 275.

—, —, and sulphate of etherine, R. Hare, xxxi, 275.

—, vaporization of, vi, 396.

—, action of, on sulphate of indigo, xxiv, 371.

—, odor of wines due to a peculiar, xxxii, 381 (œnanthic ether.)

Ethers of the vegetable acids, method of preparing, xlvii, 197.

—, and benzoic compounds, formulas for, Wöhler and Liebig, xxvi, 285.

Etherine, sulphate of, R. Hare, xxxi, 275.

—, sulphate of, on the destructive distillation of, C. Hare, xxxvi, 76.

Ethule, perchlorate of the oxide of, C. Hare and M. H. Boyé, xlii, 63.

Euchlorine, preparation of, vi, 164.

Eudiometer, improved, R. Hare, ii, 312^f; x, 67^f; xii, 36^f; xxxvii, 383.

—, barometer gauge, R. Hare, xxxii, 280.^f

—, subsidiary, R. Hare, xv, 271.^f

Eudiometry, theory of action of nitrous gas in, J. F. Dana, vii, 338.

—, new mode, with nitric oxyd, and apparatus for, R. Hare, xv, 262-271.^f

Eupatorium huaco, xxiv, 279.

Europe, northern, rock formations of, xvii, 16.

—, physical geography of, G. F. Schouw, xxi, 127.

—, education in, see Education.

Eupyrchroite of Emmons, a phosphate of lime, L. C. Beck, xl, 77; xlvi, 32.

Evaporation, mode of accelerating, ix, 203.

— by means of bladders, xv, 392.

— of ice, xvi, 390.

— of spirits, iii, 376.

Excavations of basins or pot-holes by water, in the Green Mts., Vt., vi, 252.

Exhilarating gas, effects of, in two cases, v, 194.

Exley, T., specific gravities of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, vapors of carbon, sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, xxxv, 298.

Exogenites, vii, 179.

Exogyra, see Zoology, Mollusca.

Expansion of solid bodies, instrument for, W. W. Mather, xxx, 324.^f

Expedition, exploring, under L. Cass, ii, 178.

—, —, U. States, under Lieut. Wilkes, U. S. N., officers of, xxxv, 192.

—, —, —, progress of, xxxvi, 195; xxxvii, 189, 398; xxxviii, 387; xxxix, 193.

—, —, —, discoveries of, in the Antarctic regions, xl, 394; xlix, 150.

—, —, —, return of, xliii, 208.

—, —, —, course and abstract of results, xliv, 393.

—, —, —, account of, xlix, 149.

—, —, Antarctic, of the Chanticleer, notice of, xviii, 188.

—, —, British Antarctic, under Ross, proposed, xxxvii, 397; xlii, 153;

sailed, xxxviii, 204.

—, —, French, to the Antarctic regions, xxxix, 201.

Explorations, polar, account of, xvi, 124.

—, —, French, of Capt. Freycenet, iv, 391.

—, —, —, of Capt. D'Urville, xxxiii, 206.

—, —, —, ibid, to Antarctic regions, xxxix, 201.

—, —, —, of the Bonite, xxxiv, 219.

Exploring expedition, see Expedition.

Explosion, singular, iv, 400.

— of hydrogen and oxygen, with remarks on Hemming's safety tube, J. W. Webster, xxxvii, 104.

—, from the action of nitric acid on phosphorus, xvi, 366.

—, submarine, ii, 95.

Explosive engine, by S. Morey, xi, 104.

Eye, mode of accommodation of, to different distances, W. C. Wallace, xxvii, 216.^f

—, mode of exhibiting the blood vessels of, xxi, 166.

—, muscle attached to the lens of, W. C. Wallace, xxxv, 291;

–remarks on, D. Brewster, xxxv, 291.

—, cause of muscæ volitantes in, D. Brewster, xl, 333.

—, remarks on the retina, W. C. Wallace, xxviii, 278.

—, sensibility of the retina, explanation of facts in natural magic, xxxiii, 258.

—, on cataract or disease of, D. Brewster, xxxi, 368.

— of fishes, discovery of a muscle in, W. C. Wallace, xxvi, 394.

— of the Halibut, dissection of, W. C. Wallace, xxvi, 393.^f

— of the shark, vitreous humor of, J. Herschel, xxxv, 293.

— of the streaked bass, dissection of, W. C. Wallace, xxvii, 216.^f

— of different birds and reptiles, sclerotic bones of, xxxiii, 289.

— infirmaries in U. States, ix, 399.

F.

Fac similes of writing taken by means of fusible metal, v, 186.

Fair at Leipsic, iv, 392; vii, 381.

—, in Russia, iv, 392.

Falls of the Cuyahoga, xxxi, 45.^f

—, on the Genesee river, xviii, 209.^f

—, Niagara and its vicinity, xi, 213.^f

—, —, on the retrograde movement of, H. D. Rogers, xxvii, 326.^f

—, the Tockoa and Tallulah, in Georgia, notice of, A. Foster, xiv, 209.

—, on White River, Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252.

Faraday, M., deflagrator, improved, xxxii, 170.

—, electric induction, in reply to R. Hare, xxxix, 108; xlii, 291.

—, — —, reply to, of R. Hare, xli, 1.

—, gases, condensation of, vii, 352.

—, —, liquefaction and solidification of, xlix, 373.

—, views of, on the nature of atoms, objected to, R. Hare, xlviii, 247.

—, vaporization, limits to, xxi, 151.

Farey, J., on musical intervals, ii, 65.

Fasciculite, E. Hitchcock, vi, 226.^f

Fata Morgana at Gibraltar, xxix, 215.^f

Fauntleroy, R. H., condition of equilibrium between living and dead forces, xlvii, 241.^f

Faust, E. D., on the detection of adulterations of various substances, xix, 70.

Favosites, see Zoology, Radiata.

Feathers, to restore damaged, xxi, 372.

Featherstonhaugh, G. W., geological report on part of the country west of the Mississippi, notice of, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

Febrifuge, new, xxiv, 375.

Fedia radiata, iv, 57.

— umbilicata, xlii, 50.

Feed for cattle, xxii, 202.

— —, of beets, xxii, 201.

Fees for admission to various foreign societies, xx, 165.

Feldspar from Bytown, L. C., analysis of, T. Thomson, xxxi, 173.

—, and serpentine, containing titanium, xii, 187.

—, artificial, xxviii, 396.

—, localities of, in Canada, viii, 65.

—, —, in Connecticut, i, 353; vi, 221; vii, 253.

—, —, in Delaware, ix, 246.

—, —, in Massachusetts, i, 113; vii, 251, 252; xxxv, 192.

—, —, in New Hampshire, xvii, 355.

—, —, in New Jersey, v, 246.

—, —, in New York, iv, 37, 47; xix, 227; xxv, 348.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, x, 220; xiv, 13.

—, green, in Massachusetts, vii, 251, 252; xxxv, 192.

—, iridescent, in Pennsylvania, xiv, 13.

Fellenberg's, M. de, colony of little Robinsons, xiii, 165.

Fence, thorn, x, 167.

Fenn, H. N., on the manufacture of glass, xvi, 112.^f

Fermentation, acetic, process for hastening, xxii, 195.

Ferns, on the vascular system of, J. W. Bailey, xxxv, 113.^f

— and mosses of the United States, synoptical table of, L. C. Beck, xv, 287.

—, see Botany.

Ferro-cyanate (per), of iron, or prussian blue, xviii, 332.

— —, see Prussian blue.

Ferro-cyanate of potash, xviii, 331.

Ferro-cyanic acid, xviii, 330.

Fetid odor of limestones, cause of, L. C. Beck, xlv, 335.

Feuchtwanger, L., remarks on arsenic, xix, 339.^f

—, on the mode of making vinegar, xxxi, 272.^f

Fevers, on remittent and intermittent, J. McCulloch, xviii, 338.

Fibrine, albumen and caseine, Scheerer on the isomerism of animal, with vegetable, xliii, 402.

—, butyric acid from, xlviii, 186.

Fibrolite, in Delaware, x, 224.

Ficoidites scabrosus, xxxi, 31.^f

Field, M., on the origin of ergot, ix, 359.

—, meteorological registers, xii, 364; xvi, 288; xviii, 366; xx, 261^f; xxii, 298; xxiv, 361.

—, profile mountain, in N. H., xiv, 64.^f

Figures of crystals, on the drawing of, J. D. Dana, xxxiii, 30.^f

Filicites, generic characters of, vii, 181.

Filter, Dumont's, and prepared charcoal, xxiii, 346.^f

Filtration, xxviii, 150.

Finch, J., atomic theory, remarks on, xiv, 24.

—, chemical equivalents, circular scale of, xviii, 196.

—, celtic antiquities of America, vii, 149.

—, forts about Boston, viii, 338.

—, geology of Pennsylvania, Easton, viii, 236.^f

—, — —, vicinity of Westchester, xiv, 15.

—, — New York, St. Lawrence Co., xix, 220.

—, — —, tertiary formations of the borders of the Hudson, x, 227.

—, sandstone, new or variegated, of the U. States, x, 209.^f

—, U. States tertiary formations, vii, 31.

—, physical geography, influence of, on the boundaries of nations, xiv, 18; xvi, 99.

Finland, comforts of traveling in, iii, 378.

Fire, Chinese, on the composition of, J. Cutbush, vii, 118.

—, Greek, J. Cutbush on, vi, 302.

— in chimneys, extinguishment of, by sulphur, xix, 186.

—, on protection from, or securing houses against, xxv, 290; xxvi, 286.

—, whirlwinds produced by, xxxvi, 50.

— arms, manufacture of, by E. Whitney, xxi, 237.

Firebricks, made at Bennington, Vt., for the iron furnace, xxxii, 195; xxxiii, 202.

Fire damp, chemical examination of, E. Turner, xxxvii, 201.

Firemen, preservation of, against fire by asbestos, xviii, 177; xx, 96.^f

Firestones, used in glass manufactories, notice of, x, 19.

—, localities of, in the U. States, x, 20.

—, —, in Rhode Island, viii, 232; x, 20; xl, 184.

Fish, double, S. Churchill, xxvi, 116.^f

— of Hudson river, xx, 150.

—, Chinese method of hatching, viii, 381.

—, preserved by sugar, viii, 391.

—, fall of, from the atmosphere in India, M. Prinsep, xxxii, 199.

—, the limits of their occurrence in high latitudes, vi, 383.

—, removal from salt to fresh water, xl, 405.

—, see farther under Zoology.

—, fossil, remarks on, R. I. Murchison, xxxiv, 46.

—, —, of England and Scotland, xxviii, 75.

—, —, American, W. C. Redfield, xli, 24.

—, —, —, identified from fossil teeth, L. Agassiz, xxviii, 276.

—, —, in the Connecticut valley, E. Hitchccock, vi, 76.^f

—, —, —, at Sunderland, Mass., E. Hitchcock, iii, 222, 365.

—, —, —, at Middletown, D. L. H., xxxiv, 198.

—, —, —, at Southbury, xxvii, 354.

—, —, in New Jersey, W. C. Redfield, xxxvi, 186; xliv, 134^f; xlv, 314.

—, —, —, and Connecticut, identical, W. C. Redfield, xxxvi, 186.

—, —, —, in red sandstone, Prof. Gale, xxxv, 192.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, at Blossburg, Holoptychus nobilissimus, xlii, 233.

—, —, in Virginia, W. C. Redfield, xxxiv, 201.

—, —, see farther under Zoology.

Fishes, notice of L. Agassiz's works on, xxviii, 193; xxxiv, 46, 212; xxxix, 390; xlv, 211.

—, abstract of Agassiz's work on fossil, xxx, 33.

—, notice of W. Yarrell's British, xxxvii, 167.

Fish skins, new mode of preserving for museums, xxxvi, 196.

Fisher, A. M., on musical temperament, i, 9^f, 176.^f

—, on improvements in the construction of the printing press, and its theory, iii, 311.^f

—, on maxima and minima of two variable quantities, v, 82.

—, review of Enfield's Philosophy, iii, 125.

—, obituary of, v, 367.

Fisher, Lieut. Col., discourse by, at Schaffhausen, ix, 368.

Fissures, capillary action of, viii, 377.

—, of the ground by frost, in Deerfield, Mass., E. Hitchcock, iii, 286.^f

—, see farther, Dike.

Five, the most favorite number of nature, xvi, 172.

Flame, effect of vapor on, J. F. Dana, i, 401.

—, theory of, xiii, 179.

— of lamp, curious effect of a current of air on, xxxii, 88.^f

Flax, the milkweed a substitute for, xxvii, 384.

Flexure of rocks caused by earthquake undulations, H. D. and W. B. Rogers, xliv, 361; xlv, 345; xlvii, 276.

Flies, shower of, xxii, 375.

Flint, on earthquakes in the Mississippi, xv, 366.

Floating Islands, A. Pettengill, xii, 122.

Flœrken, on the genus, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 373.

Flood in the valley of the Ohio, Feb., 1832, xxiv, 133.

Flora Cestrica, W. Darlington, notice of, xii, 177.

— Græca, Sibthorp and Smith, announced, i, 435.

— Lusitanica, Link and Hoffmansegg, i, 435.

— Neapolitana, Tenore, announced, i, 435.

Floral calendar, Massachusetts, at Deerfield, D. Cooley, ii, 254.

— —, —, —, S. W. Williams, i, 359.

— —, —, at Plainfield, J. Porter, i, 254; iii, 273.

— —, Ohio, at Marietta, S. P. Hildreth, for 1829, xviii, 368;

–for 1840, xl, 347;

–for 1842, xliv, 348;

–for 1843, xlvi, 278;

–for 1844, xlviii, 289;

see farther, Mr. Hildreth's meteorological registers for other years, for various miscellaneous notices.

— —, in Pennsylvania, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 77.

— —, in New York, Herkimer Co., for 1826, 1827, A. W. Bowen, xvi, 48.

Floridas, agriculture, scenery, geology, &c. of, J. Pierce, ix, 119.

—, shell rock of, ix, 123.

—, East, account of, H. Whiting, xxxv, 47.

—, —, alligators of, xxxv, 52.

—, —, climate, xxxv, 63.

—, —, coral shores, xxxv, 60.

—, —, everglades, xxxv, 53.

—, —, forests with the gray moss, xxxv, 50.

—, —, Fort Taylor, xxxv, 52.

—, —, lagoons of the coast, xxxv, 54.

—, —, mangroves, xxxv, 55.

—, —, productions of, xxxv, 56.

—, —, potato of, xxxv, 60.

—, —, quarries of St. Augustine, xxxv, 61.

—, —, savannahs, xxxv, 52.

—, —, soil, xxxv, 57.

—, —, St. John's river, xxxv, 48.

—, —, sulphur springs, xxxv, 51.

Flour, potato, used in making bread, xvi, 391.

—, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173.

— from leguminous fruits, vii, 189.

Flowers, double, produced by depriving flowers of their anthers, E. T. Leitner, xxiii, 45.

Floyd, J., hurricane near Calcutta, of April, 1838, xxxvi, 71.

Fluidity of the earth's centre, L. Cordier, xv, 109, 117.

—, —, —, Fourier, xxxii, 1.

Fluids, compression of, xxi, 381.

—, revolving motion in, xix, 391.

—, resistance of, L. R. Gibbes, xxvii, 135.

—, —, A. Bourne, xxviii, 231.

—, resistance of, E. W. Blake, xxix, 274; xxx, 359.

—, —, Russell, xxix, 351.

—, —, G. W. Keely, xxviii, 318^f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111.

—, upward forces of, E. C. Genet, xi, 110, 339^f; xii, 94, 310; xiii, 377.

—, — —, T. P. Jones, in reply to E. C. Genet, xiii, 79.

Fluor-spar, of Canada, viii, 71.

—, of Connecticut, ii, 141; v, 254; vi, 212.

—, of Indiana, (Shawneetown,) i, 52; ii, 176; iii, 243, 367.

—, of Massachusetts, i, 136; iv, 50; v, 405, 407; vii, 54.

—, of New Hampshire, xviii, 133, 291; xxxiv, 117.

—, of New Jersey, v, 246.

—, of New York, iii, 235, 367; xxviii, 176.

—, of Pennsylvania, x, 221; xiv, 5.

—, of Rhode Island, viii, 231; ix, 46.

—, of Tennessee, iv, 51.

—, of Vermont, iv, 43, 188; v, 272; vii, 59.

—, of Virginia, iii, 243; iv, 277.

—, of Sicily, viii, 205.

—, chlorophane variety in Connecticut, ii, 141; v, 254; vi, 212.

—, new phenomenon of color in, xxxv, 295.

Fluoric acid in mica, ii, 376.

— —, its application to etching glass, vi, 354.^f

— — and fluates, xiv, 387.

Fluoride of iodine, H. B. Leeson, xlix, 205.

Fluorine in bones, notice of investigations regarding, xlvii, 419.

— —, J. L. Smith, xlvii, 131.

— —, source of, J. L. Smith, xlviii, 99.

— in recent bones, C. Daubeny, xlviii, 186.

Fluxions, a theory of, E. Wright, xiv, 330^f; xv, 196; xvi, 53.^f

—, solution of a problem in, T. Strong, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67. (See Forces, next page.)

Fluxional ratio, application of, E. Wright, xxiv, 298^f; xxv, 93.^f

Flying in the air, De Chabrier's views on, xix, 395.

Fogs, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 54.

—, on the formation of, W. M. Carpenter, xliv, 40.

—, polar, xiv, 378.

Food for sheep, different kinds of, xxiii, 393.

Foot, L., on Indian summers, xxx, 8.

—, notices in geology and mineralogy, iv, 35.

Footprints, American, E. Hitchcock on, in Connecticut valley, xxix, 307^f; xxxi, 174; xli, 165; xlvii, 113, 292^f, 390; xlviii, 61.

—, —, —, general table of, xxxii, 174.

—, —, —, general review of, with descriptions of species, xlvii, 113, 304.^f

—, —, —, miscellaneous remarks upon, xlviii, 61.

—, —, —, reply to J. Deane, xlvii, 390.

—, —, J. Deane on, in the Connecticut valley, xlv, 178; xlvi, 73^f; xlvii, 381; xlviii, 158^f; xlix, 79^f, 213.^f

—, —, —, discovery of, xlvii, 381.

—, —, —, at Turner's falls, Mass., xlvi, 73.^f

—, —, —, batrachian, in the Connecticut river sandstone, xlix, 79^f, 213.^f

—, —, —, reply of, to E. Hitchcock, xlvii, 399.

—, —, C. Lyell on, in the Connecticut valley, xlv, 394.

—, —, W. C. Redfield, notice of fossil, at Middletown, Ct., xxxiii, 201.

—, —, —, in new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 134.

—, —, anon., in sandstone at Middletown, Ct., xxxi, 165.

—, —, A. T. King on, in Westmoreland Co., Pa., xlviii, 217, 343^f; xlix, 216.^f

—, —, H. R. Schoolcraft, on human, in limestone near St. Louis, v, 223.^f

—, —, anon., remarks on ibid, xxxiii, 398.

—, —, D. D. Owen, ibid, xliii, 14.^f

—, —, W. A. Adams, ibid, xliv, 200.

—, foreign, in England, in Cheshire, (Cheirotherium,) xxxvi, 397; xliv, 370.

—, —, —, near Liverpool, xxxv, 307.

—, —, —, near Shrewsbury, xxxviii, 127.

—, —, —, of Cheirotherium, at the Storeton quarries, xxxvi, 394; xxxvii, 223.

—, —, in Germany, at Hildburghausen, xxx, 191.

—, —, in Saxony, B. Cotta, xxxviii, 255.^f

—, —, in Scotland, xiv, 394; xv, 84.

—, remark on localities, xxxi, 164.

—, bearing of the discovery of Dinornis on, xlviii, 199.

Foraminifera in the green sand of New Jersey, xli, 213.

Forbes, J. D., absorption of light by the atmosphere, xlvi, 200.

—, on radiant heat, xl, 313.

—, polarization of heat, and on the claims of discovery, xl, 317.

—, Bakerian lecture, notice of, xlvi, 200.

—, Travels in the Alps, notice of, xlvi, 172.

Forces, central, of bodies revolving about fixed axes, J. Martin, xxxix, 262.^f

—, —, T. Strong, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67; xix, 46; xx, 65, 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 342; xxiv, 40.

—, composition and resolution of, T. Strong, xxviii, 85.

—, parallelogram of, T. Strong, xxvi, 304; xxix, 345.

—, —, A. C. Twining, xlvi, 324.^f

—, condition of equilibrium between living and dead, xlvii, 241.^f

Forgery, a mode of preventing, J. Atwater and S. S. Jocelyn, xv, 398.

Forman, J., salt formation of Salina and elsewhere, New York, xix, 141.

Formic acid, artificial, vii, 197.

— —, on the production of, xix, 374.

— —, —, M. Döbereiner, xxviii, 126.

— —, —, Göbel's observations on, xxviii, 127.

— —, utility of, and theory of its formation, J. P. Emmet, xxxii, 140.

Forry, S., on the climate of the U. States, and general distribution of heat over the globe, xlvii, 18^f, 221.

—, notice of a work on the climate of the U. States, by, xliv, 193.

Forshey, C. G., Indian mounds and relics near Natchez, xl, 376.

—, — — in Louisiana, xlix, 38.^f

—, on the meteors of April, 1841, xlii, 397.

Forts around Boston, J. Finch, viii, 338.

Fort Lawrence, account of, S. P. Hildreth, xxxi, 57.

— Macintosh, notice of, xxxi, 19.

— Taylor, xxxv, 52.

— Winnebago, geology of region about, D. Ruggles, xxx, 1.^f

Fortifications, ancient Indian, in Missouri, iii, 37.

—, — —, S. Taylor, xliv, 35.^f

—, — —, see farther under Mounds.

Fossils, means of copying by a galvanic deposit, xlii, 327.

—, use of, in geology, A. Brongniart, viii, 213.

—, observations, on ibid, J. E. Doornik, xv, 90.

Fossil fish, see Fish and also under Zoology.

— footprints, see Footprints.

— vertebral remains in Connecticut valley sandstone, E. Hitchcock, xxix, 330.

— trilobites, see under Trilobites.

— rainmarks, see Rainmarks.

— human bones in Upper Saxony, v, 171.

— — — in Guadaloupe, skull, xxxii, 361.

— — — in South America, xliv, 277.

Fossils, no freshwater species, in the Medina sandstone, xlii, 230.

—, American, geographical distribution of, in the United States, J. Hall, xlv, 157.

—, —, remarks on ibid, H. D. Rogers, D. Houghton, xlv, 160.

—, —, some species of, T. Say, i, 381; ii, 34.

—, —, Polythalamia, J. W. Bailey, xli, 400^f; xlv, 313; xlviii, 340.^f

—, —, in Alabama, tertiary, I. Lea, xxv, 419.

—, —, —, —, H. C. Lea, xl, 92.^f

—, —, in Canada, in caves, ix, 354.

—, —, in Connecticut, bones in new red sandstone, ii, 146; iii, 247; vi, 43.

—, —, in Connecticut valley, shells, &c., vi, 76^f, 80.^f

—, —, in Georgia, silicified by thermal waters, xxv, 165.

—, —, —, mammals, Brunswick canal, R. Harlan, xliii, 141.^f

—, —, —, bones, C. U. Shepard, xxv, 164.

—, —, in Kentucky, Big Bone Lick, bones, xviii, 139.

—, —, —, report on ibid, by Messrs. Cooper, Smith and DeKay, xx, 370.

—, —, in Louisiana, tooth, W. M. Carpenter, xlii, 390.^f

—, —, in Maryland tertiary, list of, I. Lea, xxv, 422.

—, —, in Michigan, on Lake Huron, iii, 270^f, 271.^f

—, —, Mississippi, bones near the river, R. Harlan, xiv, 186.

—, —, in New Jersey, general remarks on, vi, 240.

—, —, —, cretaceous. (See Cretaceous, on following page.)

—, —, —, corals, xlvii, 213.

—, —, in N. York, in review of N. Y. geological reports, xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f

—, —, —, on distribution of, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 117.

—, —, —, in Kaatskill Mts., ii, 13.

—, —, —, at Corlear's hook, ii, 371.

—, —, in North Carolina, marl pits, H. B. Croom, xxvii, 168.

—, —, —, bones, from Lenoir Co., xl, 405.

—, —, in Nova Scotia, in iron ore, xv, 201.

—, —, in Ohio, and Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1.^f

—, —, —, microscopic from marl slate near Cincinnati, J. Hall, xlviii, 292.

—, —, in Oregon, elephant bones and mylodon, H. C. Perkins, xlii, 136.^f

—, —, in Virginia, infusorial, J. W. Bailey, xlv, 313.

—, —, —, polythalamia, J. W. Bailey, xlv, 313.

—, —, —, in crystalline limestone, xxvi, 222.

—, —, Upper Mississippi, polythalamia, J. W. Bailey, xli, 400.^f

—, —, near the mouth of the Mississippi, bones, R. Harlan, xiv, 186.

—, —, Upper Missouri, bones, J. N. Nicollet, xli, 181.

—, —, South, human bones, xliv, 277.

—, —, in Cuba and New Grenada, supposed to be oolitic, I. Lea, xl, 41.

—, —, in Peru, on San Lorenzo, xxxviii, 201.

—, —, in Patagonia, Megatherium, &c., C. Darwin, xxxiii, 105.

—, —, —, Taxodon, &c., R. Owen, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

—, foreign, in caves, in England, Plymouth, xxxiii, 106.

—, —, —, at Kirkdale, and other places, W. Buckland, viii, 158, 317, 319.

—, —, —, in Denbigshire, xxxi, 341.

—, —, —, in Mendip Hills, xxxv, 304.

—, —, —, in France, xxi, 56; xxiii, 388.

—, —, —, in Germany, viii, 319, 321.

—, —, —, in New Holland, xx, 380.

—, —, in Britain, marsupial of the Stonesfield slate, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228.

—, —, —, microscopic corallines and minute shells in white chalk, Lonsdale, xxxiii, 111.

—, —, —, Sussex, number of, xxiii, 171.

—, —, —, vertebrated animals of the crag of Norfolk and Suffolk, xxxi, 339.

—, —, —, shells, &c., of Cornwall, C. W. Peach, xlii, 327.

—, —, at Cape of Good Hope, xlix, 213.

—, —, in France, bones, stags' horns, vi, 199.

—, —, —, bones in eastern part, xiv, 203.

—, —, —, bones from Argenton, xx, 382.

—, —, Himalaya Mts., quadrupeds of, xxxiii, 103.

—, —, in Saxony, human bones, v, 171.

—, see for species under Zoology.

—, cretaceous, of U. States, S. G. Morton, xvii, 274; xviii, 243, 249^f; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128^f; xlviii, 265^f, 267;

–notice of S. G. Morton's synopsis of, xxvii, 377.

—, —, —, in New Jersey, foraminifera, xli, 213.

—, coal strata, Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, ix, 165.

—, — — of Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1.^f

—, — — —, Mariner's Mill, xxxi, 28.^f

—, — —, H. Witham, xviii, 110.^f

—, — —, in England, iii, 389; xxxiii, 270.

—, oolitic, remarks on, xxxiii, 107.

—, transition or Silurian, species characteristic of, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 246.

—, —, ibid, general nature of, xxxvi, 12.

—, —, Ludlow rocks, xxx, 48.

—, in the tertiary of the Atlantic coast, T. A. Conrad, xxiii, 339.

—, — — — enumeration of, T. A. Conrad, xxviii, 109.

—, —, of Alabama, list of, I. Lea, xxv, 419.

—, —, —, H. C. Lea, xl, 92.^f

—, —, of Maryland, list of, I. Lea, xxv, 422.

Fossil fruits of Zamia, G. A. Mantell, xlv, 401.

— plants, of coal regions of Wilkesbarre, Pa., ix, 165.

— —, — — of Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1.^f

— —, —, in Ohio, at Mariner's Mill, xxxi, 28.^f

— —, —, in England, iii, 389.

— —, in new red sandstone of England, remarks on, xxxiii, 270.

— —, below the coal in England, xxxiii, 87.

— —, A. Brongniart on, iv, 266.^f

— —, analysis of Ad. Brongniart's work on, vii, 178.

— —, H. R. Göppert's views on the lapidification of, xxxiii, 109.

— wood or trees, silicification of, xxxiii, 108.

— —, —, ibid, J. D. Dana, xlviii, 83.

— —, in Connecticut, near Southbury, a trunk of a tree, xiv, 228.

— —, in England and France, A. Brongniart, iv, 269.^f

— —, —, Craigleith quarry trees, xxviii, 390.

— —, at Granton, near Edinburgh, xxxvii, 363.

— —, in Indiana, palm trees, D. D. Owen, xlv, 336.

— —, —, trees with axe marks, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 303.

— —, in Louisiana, trees with axe marks, W. M. Carpenter, xxxvi, 118.^f

— —, Michigan, tree near lake, iv, 285.

— —, in New York, at Chittenango, calcareous tree, v, 251; xviii, 354.

— —, in N. Carolina, v, 261.

— —, —, tree, siliceous, vii, 249.

— —, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 340.^f

— —, in Nova Scotia, upright trees, xlv, 353.

— —, in Ohio, S. Gazlay, xxv, 104.

— —, —, trees near Gallipolis, S. P. Hildreth, xii, 205.

— —, in Russia, vi, 398.

— —, in Scotland, near Glasgow, a tree, iii, 382.

— —, in Texas, silicified, xxxvii, 215.

— —, —, part silicified and part bituminized, xxxvii, 216.

— —, in Virginia, i, 216.

— —, in West Indies, i, 56; S. Hovey, xxxv, 79.

— —, W. M. Carpenter on, recently bituminized, xxxvi, 118.^f

— —, Nicoll's sections, xxviii, 74.

— —, H. Witham's sections and investigations, xxv, 108; xxvii, 415.

— forest near Glasgow, xxix, 352.

Foster, A., notice of the falls of Tockoa and Tallulah, in Georgia, xiv, 209.

Foster, J. W., fossil mastodon, Crawford Co., Ohio, xxxvi, 189.^f

Foster, W., easy method of filling a long syphon, xxviii, 268.

—, on the culture of the potato in France, xxvii, 176.

Fountains, origin of, x, 394.

Fourier, temperature of the terrestrial globe and planetary spaces, xxxii, 1.

Fowler, S., minerals of Warwick, N. Y., ix, 242.

Fox, R. W., questions on mineral veins, xxxiii, 135.

—, on the electro-magnetic properties of metalliferous veins, xx, 136.

—, on the changes in minerals by galvanism, xxxi, 373.

Fox, C., some notice of British naturalists, xxxvi, 217.

—, notice of some American birds, xxix, 291.

France, botanical fêtes, ix, 154.

—, fires in, few, xxv, 291.

—, mortality of infants, xix, 192.

—, phthisis in, 1828, xix, 193.

—, population of, xv, 397.

—, scenery in some parts of, x, 167.

Franconia iron works, viii, 180.

Franklin, B., original letters of, iv, 357; v, 157.

Franklinite, ii, 323; v, 41, (shot ore,) 242, 400.

Fraser, John, botanical labors of, A. Gray, xlii, 9.

Fresco painting, means of detaching, iv, 384.

Fredonia gas works, xvii, 398.

Freestone of Sugar Loaf mountain, Maryland, xxvii, 21.

Freezing mixture, Boutigny's, xxx, 168.

— —, xii, 195.

— point, influenced by pressure, L. C. Beck, xlv, 49.

— water, effect from, in a Leyden jar, viii, 374.

— —, by the aid of sulphuric acid, apparatus for, R. Hare, xxvii, 132.^f

Frodsham, W. J., on the vibration of pendulums with different suspending springs, xxxvii, 278.

—, elected a member of the Royal Society, xxxvi, 195.

Frogs, introduction of, into Ireland, xxviii, 398.

—, in rocks, remarks on, D. Thomas, xix, 167.

Fromont garden, account of, xx, 83.

Frozen wells, xxxvi, 184.

Fruit, method of preserving without sugar, xv, 381.

—, fossil, of Zamia, &c., G. A. Mantell, xlv, 401.

— trees, to destroy worms attacking, xxvii, 197.

— —, propagation of, xxvi, 183.

— —, time of flowering and other memoranda for different seasons, at Marietta, Ohio, see Floral Calendar and Meteorological Register.

Fucoids and other marine plants, Ad. Brongniart, ix, 375.

— in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 290.^f

— in rocks of western N. York, xxxvi, 46.

— in Pennsylvania, xx, 415; xxvii, 347.

Fucoides Harlani, xxxvi, 46; xlviii, 299.^f

— bilobata, xlviii, 307.^f

— demissa, xlvii, 360.^f

Fuego, Tierra del, rush of, xviii, 189.

Fuel, E. North on, xi, 66.

—, amount of, consumed in New York city, xvi, 360.

—, economy of, W. R. Johnson, xxiii, 318.^f

—, of coal tar and water, C. Daubeny, xxviii, 71.

Fulgurites, or lightning tubes in sand, xx, 396.

—, siliceous tubes, Rome, N. Y., C. E. West, xlv, 220.

—, near Dresden, remarkable, xlvi, 210.

—, in chalk, cause of, C. Lyell, xxxviii, 122.

Fuller's earth in Connecticut, ii, 217.

Fulminating compounds, preparation of, S. Guthrie, xxi, 288, 293.

— gold, ii, 350; xlviii, 142.

— silver, xviii, 335.

— —, of Berthollet, xviii, 155.

— —, Mitscherlich's mode of preparing, xix, 379.

— —, injury to R. Hare from the explosion of, xxii, 185.

— powders, caution against, i, 168.

— —, use of crackers of, xxvi, 187.

— —, of cyanogen and calcium, R. Hare, xxxvii, 268.

— —, new, made with saltpetre, sulphur, &c., xvi, 397.

Fulminic acid, composition of, x, 191.

Fumigation, x, 379.

—, in Sweden, vii, 188.

Functions, relation of Sturm's, auxiliary to the roots of an algebraic equation, Prof. Sylvester, xlii, 163.

Functional equation, solution of, G. R. Perkins, xlii, 69.

Fungi, composition of, xlix, 393.

Furnace for ventilating sewers, R. Bulkley, vii, 177.

—, hot blast, T. Clark, xxxi, 180.

—, — —, saving by, xxviii, 71.

—, chimneys of, containing cadmia, xii, 168.

—, —, containing titanium crystals, xii, 189.

Furrows in rocks, see Scratches.

Fur trade and fur-bearing animals, xxv, 311.

Fusibility of mixture of carbonate of potash and carbonate of soda, xix, 379.

Fusible metal, xxi, 371.

Fusion of charcoal and anthracite, B. Silliman, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 349, 378; viii, 147; x, 109, 119.

— —, J. Griscom, v, 364.

— —, R. Hare, viii, 288; x, 111, 118; xxxviii, 190.

— —, L. Vanuxem, viii, 292; x, 102.

— by compound blowpipe, see Blowpipe.

Fustic, yellow wood resembling, on the Red river, iii, 44.

Fyfe, A., photographic processes, xxxvii, 175.

G.

Galactin, T. Thomson, xxxv, 303.

Gale, L. D., apparatus for obtaining potassium, xxi, 60.^f

—, on the preparing and preservation of potassium, xix, 205.^f

—, on T. D. Mitchell's mode of preparing carbonic oxide, xxvii, 129.

Galena, crystallized by galvanism, Becquerel, xxviii, 291.

—, localities of, see Lead ore.

Galindo, J., eruption of the volcano of Cosiguina, xxviii, 332.

Galle's first comet, xxxviii, 378; xl, 207.

— second, observations on, xl, 40; xl, 207.

— three, notice of, xl, 207.

Gallic acid, new process for obtaining, xvi, 395.

— —, new process for, E. N. Kent, xlvi, 78.

— —, Döbereiner's method for, xxviii, 358.

— —, Pelouze, xxviii, 125.

Galvanic battery, E. de Butts, viii, 271.^f

— —, of carbon, xxxix, 132.

— —, —, B. Silliman, Jr., xliii, 393; xliv, 180.^f

— —, A. Crosse's, some account of, xxxii, 372; xxxv, 135.^f

— —, A. Dela Rive's, v, 395.

— —, dry, xii, 195; xvii, 162.

— —, Grove's, xxxviii, 116.

— —, —, experiments with, S. F. B. Morse, xlv, 390.^f

— —, R. Hare's new modifications of, iii, 105.^f

— —, —, calorimotor, i, 413^f; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f

— —, —, deflagrator, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94^f; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48.

— —, —, —, improved form of, M. Faraday, xxxii, 170.

— —, —, combining the advantages of the trough of Cruikshank with the deflagrator, xxxii, 285.^f

— —, of great power, F. W. de Moleyns, xliv, 357.

— —, J. Henry, on a spark from a long conductor uniting the poles of, xxviii, 327.

— —, —, action of a spiral conductor, xxviii, 329.

— —, C. G. Page, on iron or any metal a substitute for copper, xxxii, 197.

— —, —, on the benefit of fresh immersion, xxxvi, 137.^f

— —, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, experimental enquiry into some of the laws of, xxvii, 39.^f

— —, —, relative influences of the zinc and copper, xxvii, 41.

— —, —, examination of Ritchie's law of surface, xxvii, 53.

— —, —, influence of temperature, xxvii, 57.

— —, J. B. Rogers and J. Green, ibid, xxviii, 33.

— —, —, relative importance of the zinc and copper, xxviii, 34.

— —, —, relative distance of the plates, xxviii, 39.

— —, —, deflecting power from different menstrua, xxviii, 40.

— —, W. Sturgeon, difference in the effects of the two polar wires, xxxix, 31.^f

— —, Watkins's dry, xvii, 162.

— blasting, R. Hare, xxi, 139; xxvi, 352^f; xxxviii, 188.

— —, H. K. G. Morgan, xxxviii, 33.

— calorimotor, Hare's, i, 413^f; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f

— —, for galvano-ignition apparatus, R. Hare, xxxii, 284.^f

— circle, theory of, T. Graham, xxxviii, 117.

— currents, caloric a cause of, J. P. Emmet, xxv, 269.

— —, remarks on, xviii, 199.^f

— — and sparks from the horse-shoe magnet, J. P. Emmet, xxiv, 78.^f

— deflagrator, Hare's, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94^f; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48.

— —, improved form of, M. Faraday, xxxii, 170.

— experiments by A. Crosse, producing crystals, and, as supposed, insects, xxxv, 125.^f

— — by R. Hare, viii, 145.

— — with grasshopper's legs, J. W. Bailey, xxxi, 292.^f

— ignition of gunpowder, R. Hare, xxxvii, 269.

— induction, J. P. Emmet, xxvi, 23.^f

— lamp, an improvement in, J. Cutbush, ii, 332.

— light, transmission of, through metals of different conducting powers, J. Thomas, xxxiv, 205.^f

— —, daguerrotype experiment by, B. Silliman, Jr. and W. H. Goode, xliii, 185.

— multiplier, see Galvanometer.

— music, production of, C. G. Page, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118.

— phenomenon, attending the soldering of water pipes in New York city, xvii, 194.

— protection by the contact of heterogeneous metals, xvi, 263.

— trough, Watkins's, xvi, 215.

Galvanism, anthracite a conductor of, v, 200.

—, carbon fused by, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 349, 378; viii, 147, 288; x, 109, 119; xxxviii, 190.

—, — —, L. Vanuxem's examination of, viii, 292; x, 102.

—, on colors supposed to be transferred by, through animal substances, A. Jones, xxi, 316.

—, A. Crosse's experiments in, see Crosse.

—, crystallization of metals by, G. Bird, xxxiii, 267.

—, —, Becquerel, xvii, 383.

—, crystals and insects produced by, A. Crosse, xxxv, 125.^f

—, engravings copied by, von Kobell, xlviii, 221.^f

—, engravings and medals copied by, T. Spencer, xl, 157.^f

—, fossils copied by, xlii, 327.

—, gilding by, xli, 402.

—, insects supposed to be produced by, xxxii, 374^f; xxxiii, 272; xxxv, 125.^f

—, — —, W. H. Weekes, xliii, 395.

—, grasshopper's legs, a substitute for frogs, J. W. Bailey, xxxi, 292.^f

—, insulation of wires, a mode of, proposed, A. A. Hayes, xx, 409.

—, metals precipitated by, structure of, W. de la Rue, xlix, 390.

—, minerals changed by, R. W. Fox, xxxi, 373.

—, results from heat of, and decomposition, W. Sturgeon, xxxix, 29.

—, shocks from the calorimotor, how increased, C. G. Page, xxxi, 137.^f

—, size of plates, influence of, in, xxvii, 189.

—, theory of, Prof. Pfaff, xix, 178.

—, theory of, R. Hare, i, 413.^f

—, theory of, C. F. Schönbein, xxxviii, 119.

Galvanography, von Kobell, xlviii, 221.^f

—, T. Spencer, xl, 157.^f

—, fossils copied by, xlii, 327.

Galvano-ignition apparatus, R. Hare, xxxii, 282.^f

Galvanometer, R. Hare's improved, xxvi, 359.^f

—, —, rotary multiplier, xxxviii, 339.^f

—, J. Henry, on the application of, to electro-magnetic apparatus, xix, 400.^f

—, J. Locke, notice of a new, xxvi, 103^f, 378.^f

—, —, large thermoscopic, xxxiii, 365.

—, J. P. Emmet's, new form of, xxvi, 311.

—, C. G. Page, on the use of, xxxii, 354.^f

—, —, astatic, or rotary, xxxiii, 376.^f

—, —, axial, xlix, 136.^f

—, C. G. Page, circular, xxxv, 259.^f

—, modified, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, xxvii, 39.^f

Galvanoscope, a means of detecting the failure of water in steam boilers by, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 141.^f

Galvano-magnetic condenser, v, 394.

— - — apparatus, J. F. Dana, vi, 330.^f

— - — —, Italian, v, 388.

Gambey, notice of, vii, 374.

Gambold, on the botany of the neighborhood of the Connasarga river, Cherokee country, i, 245.

Gannal, J. N., new process of embalming, xl, 194.

Garden of Fromont, account of, xx, 83.

Gardens, botanic, in Austria, ii, 340.

—, —, in Russia, xx, 175.

—, to destroy weeds in, xxii, 381.

Gardner, D. P., on the application of Riench's test for the detection of arsenic, xliv, 240.

—, action of light on plants, xlvi, 1.^f

Gardner, J., meteorological register for 1832-43, at Rio de Janeiro, xlvii, 290.

Garnet, manganesian, of Haddam, analysis of, H. Seybert, vi, 155.

—, localities of, in Canada, viii, 62.

—, —, in Connecticut, i, 354; ii, 142, 205; iii, 241; v, 36; vi, 155, 222, 246; vii, 253; viii, 7, 258; x, 12.

—, —, in Delaware, v, 41; xiv, 11.

—, —, in Maryland, xviii, 79.

—, —, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iv, 55; vi, 24, 222; vii, 30; viii, 7, 44; xii, 259.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, x, 221; xiv, 6, 8, 10.

—, —, in New Hampshire, vi, 245; xviii, 126, 132.^f

—, —, in New Jersey, v, 243; ix, 245.

—, —, in New York, iv, 38.

—, —, in R. Island, ix, 49.

—, —, in Vermont, iii, 76; vii, 58; xvii, 353.

Gas, capacity of, for heat, iv, 372.

—, condensation of, M. Faraday, vii, 352; xlix, 373.

—, —, —, sulphurous acid, vii, 353.

—, —, —, sulphuretted hydrogen, vii, 354.

—, —, —, carbonic acid, vii, 354.

—, —, —, euchlorine, vii, 355.

—, —, —, nitrous oxide, vii, 355.

—, —, —, cyanogen, vii, 356.

—, —, —, ammonia, vii, 357.

—, —, —, muriatic acid, vii, 357.

—, —, —, chlorine, vii, 357.

—, —, Thilorier, xxxi, 163, 402, 404.

—, —, J. K. Mitchell, xxxv, 346.^f

—, — of carbonic, sulphurous and chloro-chromic acid, John Torrey, xxxv, 374; xxxvi, 394.^f

—, apparatus for regulating the supply of, by its absorption, xiii, 2.^f

—, conducting power of liquid, xxi, 374.

—, on the dilatation of, V. Regnault, xliv, 63.

—, expansion of, xix, 397.

—, mode of obtaining the specific gravity of, R. Hare, xvi, 293, 295.^f

—, apparatus for saturating a liquid with, xvi, 387.

—, caoutchouc rendered impermeable to, xlvii, 194.

—, native, different localities, near the Erie canal, N. York, A. Eaton, xv, 233.

—, —, Fredonia, New York, used for lighting a village, xvii, 398.

—, —, at Gasport, N. York, xv, 236; xxxi, 246.

—, —, at Kenawha, J. A. Lewis, xlix, 209.

—, —, at a Nova Scotia coal mine, xxx, 184.

—, —, from a pond, v, 199.

—, —, from the water pipes in New York, xxi, 386.

—, —, nitrogen, Hoosic, N. York, xv, 234.

— lamps, portable, iii, 371.

— lights, iii, 170, 385.

— —, in England, iv, 373.

— —, at Glasgow, ii, 365; v, 141.^f

— —, from cotton seed, D. Olmsted, viii, 294; ix, 170; x, 362.

— —, from peat, xxx, 189.

— —, from rosin, xxviii, 147.

— —, from wood, xix, 383.

— —, for light-houses, xxviii, 355.

—, portable, xv, 189.

—, illuminating powers of, viii, 181.

Gaseous mixtures, analysis of, R. Hare, xv, 279, 283.

Gasometers, new mode of suspending, R. Hare, iv, 312.^f

Gasometer, J. H. Patten's, ix, 92.^f

Gasport, gas of, xv, 236; xxxi, 246.

Gastric juice, notice of Wm. Beaumont's work, containing experiments on, A. St. Martin, xxvi, 193; xxvii, 405.

— —, ibid, J. J. Berzelius on, xxvii, 406.

— —, analysis of, H. Braconnot, xxx, 378.

Gauss's theory of terrestrial magnetism, examination of, E. Loomis, xlvii, 278.

Gavial of Caen, analysis of the scales of, A. Connell, xxxiv, 201.

Gay Lussite, xii, 187.

Gay Lussac, explanation of volcanic action, xxxvi, 236.

Gaylord, W., influence of the great lakes on our autumnal sunsets, xxxiii, 335.^f

—, mechanical vaporization of earths, xxxvii, 398.

—, account of a tornado in Onondaga Co., N. Y., xxxvii, 90.

—, formation and dispersion of a thunder shower, xxxix, 54.

—, parhelia seen at Otisco, New York, January, 1840, xxxix, 61.^f

—, average temperature, weather and winds, for 1838 and 1839, at Otisco, N. Y., xxxix, 63.

Gazlay, S., fossil wood in Ohio, xxv, 104.

Gebhard, J., geology and mineralogy of Schoharie Co., N. York, xxviii, 172.^f

Geddes, J., geological features of the south side of the Ontario valley, xi, 213.^f

Gelatine from bones, i, 170; xxii 369.

Genesee river, account and view of upper falls of, xviii, 209.^f

Gems, practical remarks on, T. Taber, xxxviii, 61.

Geodes, facts tending to illustrate the formation of crystals in, viii, 282.

—, ibid, J. D. Dana, xlix, 49.

Geography, distribution of land and water, xiv, 375.

—, physical, G. F. Schouw, xxi, 127.

—, —, influence of, on the boundaries of empires, J. Finch, xiv, 18; xvi, 99.

Geogony of Leibnitz, xx, 56; xxxix, 15.

—, or on the probable origin and systematic arrangement of rocks, W. Maclure, vii, 261.

—, or on the formation of the universe, I. Orr, vi, 128.^f

Geological arrangement, outlines of, Wm. Maclure, i, 209.

—, Association, American, notice of meeting in 1840, xxxix, 189;

in 1841, xli, 158;

in 1842, xliii, 146;

in 1843, xlv, 135, 310;

in 1844, xlvii, 94;

in 1845, xlix, 219.

—, —, —, address by E. Hitchcock, xli, 232.

— —, —, ibid, by B. Silliman, xliii, 217.

— —, —, ibid, by H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 137, 247.

— —, —, constitution and by-laws of, xliii, 149.

— —, —, transactions of, published, xlv, 220.

— coloring and symbols, system of, D. D. Owen, xlv, 351.

— equivalents, A. Eaton, xxi, 132.

— essays by H. H. Hayden, notice of, iii, 47.

— investigations, mode of conducting, W. Buckland, iii, 249.

— nomenclature, classes of rocks, &c., A. Eaton, xiv, 145^f, 359.

— and mineralogical observations, A. Brongniart, iii, 216.

— paintings for class illustration, D. D. Owen, xlv, 136.

— poem, including geological cookery, v, 272.

— Prodromus, A. Eaton, xvii, 63.

— reasoning, remarks on difficulties that attend some of the modes of, xxx, 114.

— Report, of Connecticut, by C. U. Shepard, noticed, xxxiii, 151.

— —, —, by J. G. Percival, xxxii, 399; xliv, 187.

— —, of Indiana, by D. D. Owen, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133.

— —, of Maine, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376.

— —, of Maryland, by J. T. Ducatel, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191.

— —, of Massachusetts, by E. Hitchcock, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384.

— —, of Michigan, by D. Houghton, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136.

— —, of New Hampshire, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27.

— —, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227.

— —, —, final, reviewed xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f

— —, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126.

— —, of Pennsylvania, by H. D. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380.

— —, of Rhode Island, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xl, 182.

— —, of Tennessee, by G. Troost, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187.

— —, of Virginia, by W. B. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

— society of London, anniversary address by W. Whewell, xxxvii, 218.

— —, —, number of fellows of, in 1837, xxxiii, 76.

— —, of Dublin, xxviii, 368.

— —, of France, notice of, xxiv, 192.

— —, —, transactions of, noticed by C. U. Shepard, xxviii, 283.

— —, American, notice of, ii, 139; iii, 360; iv, 191; v, 403; vi, 377; vii, 358; viii, 187, 392; ix, 387; x, 201.

— —, of Pennsylvania, notice of transactions of, xxix, 391.

— systems, observations upon, W. Maclure, ix, 253.

— Theory of the Earth, G. Cuvier's Essay on, noticed, i, 68.

— —, of Leibnitz, xx, 56; xxxix, 15.

Geology.

—, on the study of, iii, 363.

—, Mosaic, W. Maclure, ix, 157.

—, connexion with the Mosaic history, xxv, 26.

—, on the progress of, for 1833, xxviii, 294.

—, queries in, proposed by the geologists of the survey of New York, xxxiii, 124.

—, principles of, xxi, 1.

—, principles of Catastrophists and Uniformitarians, xxxvii, 234.

—, stratiographical, cardinal points in, A. Eaton, xxi, 199.

—, volcanic, see Volcano.

—, Foreign.

—, —, Africa, northern, notices of, iv, 32.

—, —, —, between Suez and Cairo, account of the desert, xxxiii, 288.

—, —, —, Cape of Good Hope, G. Champion, xxix, 230.

—, —, —, southern, cave, minerals in, xxviii, 290.

—, —, Asia, Bombay, province of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274.

—, —, — Minor, Mr. Hamilton, xxxvii, 226.

—, —, — —, mines of Tokat, xxxvii, 352.

—, —, — —, Naphtha springs, xxxvii, 353.

—, —, — —, Taurus mountains, xxxvii, 351.

—, —, — —, Silurian strata, H. E. Strickland, xxxiii, 95.

—, —, — —, volcanic region of the Catacecaumene, xxxiii, 95.

—, —, — —, Black sea shores, xxxii, 399.

—, —, —, Caucasus range basalt, xxxvii, 348.

—, —, — —, ibid, floods, xxxvii, 349.

—, —, —, Persia, earthquakes at Tabriz, xxxvii, 351.

—, —, —, —, Naphtha springs, xxxvii, 354.

—, —, —, —, marble of Tabriz, xxxvii, 355.

Geology, Foreign.

—, —, Asia, Persia, salt near Tabriz, &c., xxxvii, 350.

—, —, —, —, volcano, extinct, near Mt. Ararat, xxxvii, 349.

—, —, —, —, volcano in the Kourdish country, xxxvii, 350.

—, —, Europe, remarks on, by Boué, vii, 188.

—, —, —, classification of rocks of, H. T. de la Beche, xviii, 26.

—, —, —, northern, geological notice of, xvii, 16.

—, —, —, Great Britain, boulders over northern parts of England, Phillips, xxxi, 360.

—, —, —, —, changes of level in, xxxiii, 97.

—, —, —, —, ibid, R. I. Murchison, xxxi, 375.

—, —, —, —, Burdie House, freshwater limestone, xxviii, 365.

—, —, —, —, coal formation, xxxiii, 79.

—, —, —, —, ibid, alternation of marine freshwater beds in, xxxiii, 80.

—, —, —, —, ibid, faults and dislocations of strata, Dudley, xxxiii, 82.

—, —, —, —, ibid, limestone of Yorkshire, xxxiii, 84.

—, —, —, —, ibid, marine shells, xxv, 199.

—, —, —, —, ibid, Dudley, xxxvii, 390.

—, —, —, —, Calton Hill near Edinburgh, and on the aqueous origin of wacke, J. W. Webster, i, 230.^f

—, —, —, —, Cambrian system of Sedgwick, xxxvii, 220.

—, —, —, —, caves in, see Caves.

—, —, —, —, crag of Suffolk and Norfolk, vertebrated remains in, xxxi, 339.

—, —, Europe, Great Britain, Devonshire, structure of, Sedgwick and Murchison, xxxi, 349^f; xxxiii, 85.

—, —, —, —, ibid, lines of dislocation, H. T. de la Beche, xxxi, 354.

—, —, —, —, Ludlow rocks of Wales, remarks on the fossils of, L. Agassiz, xxx, 48.

—, —, —, —, recent sandstone on the northern coast of Cornwall, J. A. Paris, i, 234.

—, —, —, —, plastic clay of the southeast part, xxxiii, 92.

—, —, —, —, Silurian system of Murchison and others, xxxvii, 219.

—, —, —, —, Silurian rocks of Denbighshire, J. E. Bowman, xlii, 325.

—, —, —, —, formations of Wales below the coal, remarks on, L. Agassiz, xxx, 46.

—, —, —, —, fossil plants below the coal, xxxiii, 87.

—, —, —, —, Isle of Wight freshwater formation, xxxvii, 225.

—, —, —, —, review of the "Outlines," of Conybeare and Phillips, vii, 203.

—, —, —, France, freshwater formations of Paris and Rome, remarks upon, from Cuvier's work on organic remains, vi, 381.

—, —, —, —, Auvergne, in a letter by C. Daubeny, ii, 351.

—, —, —, —, Breccia of Mt. D'Or, ii, 356.

—, —, —, —, Pyrenees, south of France, &c., in a letter from Boué, ix, 23.

—, —, —, Germany, erratic blocks of north of, xxviii, 389.

—, —, Europe, Germany, notices of the Hartz, T. G. Clemson, xix, 105.^f

—, —, —, Greece, Cephalonia, tertiary of, Messrs. Hamilton and Strickland, xxxiii, 211.

—, —, —, —, in the Morea, Boblaye and Virlet, xxxiii, 96.

—, —, —, Hungary, Beudant's travels in, vii, 256.

—, —, —, Iceland, iv, 370; xvii, 15.

—, —, —, Italy, formations of, vii, 186.

—, —, —, Portugal, notice of, xxxvii, 226.

—, —, —, Russia, Altai, M. P. de Tchihatcheff, xlix, 378.

—, —, —, —, Northern, including Pargas Islands, Lake Onega, Siberia, Siberian Steppes &c., xvii, 16.

—, —, —, —, salt district, xvii, 19, 20.

—, —, —, —, mines of, see Russia.

—, —, —, Sicily, from a work by F. Ferrara, viii, 201.

—, —, —, —, sketch of, C. Daubeny, x, 230.^f

—, —, —, —, see further under Volcano.

—, —, —, Sweden, rise of land in, C. Lyell, xxviii, 387.

—, —, —, —, subsidence of south part of, Nilsson, xxxiii, 102.

—, —, —, Switzerland, Alps, from F. J. Hugi's travels, xxviii, 296.

—, North American.

—, —, Arctic regions, xvii, 1.

—, —, Bay of Fundy, terraces of, xli, 55.

—, —, Canada, alluvial deposits at Malbay, v, 221.^f

—, —, —, various fossils in, J. J. Bigsby, viii, 61.

—, —, —, supposed volcano in, xxx, 238, 241.

—, —, —, N. W. portion of Lake Huron, J. J. Bigsby, iii, 254.^f

—, —, —, Kingston, F. H. Baddely, xviii, 104.

—, —, —, geology and mineralogy of Malbay, J. J. Bigsby, v, 205.^f

—, —, —, transition rocks of the Cataraqui, R. H. Bonnycastle, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f

—, —, Great Bear lake and vicinity, xvii, 2, 3.

—, —, Greenland, xvii, 14.

—, —, —, subsidence of, xxx, 379.

—, —, Hudson's Bay and vicinity, xvii, 11.

—, —, Melville Island, xvii, 10.

—, —, Nova Scotia, mineralogy and geology of, C. T. Jackson and F. Alger, xiv, 305^f; xv, 132^f, 201.

—, —, —, ibid, F. Alger, xii, 227.

—, —, Rocky Mts., northern termination, xvii, 2.

—, —, United States.7

—, —, —, early state of the science in, B. Silliman, xliii, 224.

—, —, —, progress and condition of, in an address before the Geol. Assoc., H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 137, 247.

—, —, —, State surveys in progress, xxx, 203, 393; xli, 235.

—, —, United States, account of, with conjectures upon, W. Maclure, vi, 98.

—, —, —, causes of general features, &c., W. W. Mather, xlix, 1, 284.

—, —, —, ibid, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 237, 244.

—, —, —, elevation during the tertiary epoch, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 245.

—, —, —, remarks on, H. D. Rogers, xxviii, 74; xlvii, 140, 247.

—, —, —, general review of, E. Hitchcock, xli, 239.

—, —, —, ibid, C. Daubeny, xli, 195.

—, —, —, relation to Russian, R. I. Murchison, xli, 208.

—, —, —, equivalency of rocks with European, A. Eaton, xxxix, 149.

—, —, —, oolites not occurring in, xxxviii, 126.

—, —, —, rocks characteristic of, L. Vanuxem, xvi, 254.

—, —, —, boulders in, see Boulders and Drift.

—, —, —, scratches in, see Scratches.

—, —, —, cretaceous formation and its fossils, S. G. Morton, xvii, 274, 290; xviii, 243; 249^f; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128^f; xlviii, 267.

—, —, —, ibid, a division in, S. G. Morton, xxviii, 277.

—, —, —, plastic clay in, T. A. Conrad, xxxviii, 91.

—, —, —, secondary formations of the southern states, J. T. Hodge, xli, 332.

—, —, —, Silurian system, and its characteristic fossils, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 243; xxxviii, 86.

—, —, —, ibid, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 145.

—, —, —, Taconic system, xlvi, 149; xlvii, 150.

—, —, —, tertiary, essay on, J. Finch, vii, 31.

—, —, —, ibid, remarks on, E. Hitchcock, xli, 246.

—, —, —, ibid, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 254.

—, —, —, ibid, of Atlantic coast, T. A. Conrad, xxiii, 204, 339; xxviii, 104, 280^f; xli, 344.^f

—, —, —, ibid, of the Southern States, J. T. Hodge, xli, 332.

—, —, —, oyster shell deposits of the Atlantic coast, L. Vanuxem, xli, 168.

—, —, —, structure of the Appalachian chain, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.

—, —, —, notice of Eaton's Index of the Northern States, i, 69.

—, —, —, notice of, I. Lea's contributions to geology, xxv, 413.

—, —, —, trap of New England, volcanic origin of, T. Cooper, iv, 239.

—, —, —, Maine, notice of geological reports of, C. T. Jackson, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376.

—, —, —, —, remarks on, C. T. Jackson, xxxiv, 69.

—, —, —, —, anthracite coal formation, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 149.

—, —, —, —, dikes of trap of different ages, and limestones transformed by the same, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 145, 147.

—, —, —, —, dolomization theory of von Buch not confirmed, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 147.

—, —, —, —, iron ore veins, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 147, 150.

—, —, —, —, changes of level in, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 154.

—, —, —, —, segregation theory of veins not sustained, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 148.

—, —, —, —, fossiliferous rocks near Moose river, xxxvii, 378.

—, —, —, New Hampshire, excursion to White Mountains, J. Pierce, viii, 172.

—, —, —, —, Geological Report of C. T. Jackson, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27.

—, —, —, —, account of a section of, E. Hitchcock, i, 105^f; vi, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, observations on the White Mountains, with accounts of trap dikes, granite veins, minerals, &c., O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 105.^f

—, —, —, Vermont, dike of trap in Montgomery, xxii, 189.

—, —, —, —, supposed volcano of West River Mountain, J. A. Allen, iii, 73.

—, —, —, —, account of section of, E. Hitchcock, i, 105^f; vi, 1.^f

—, —, —, Massachusetts, account of, C. Dewey, viii, 1^f, 240.

—, —, —, —, ibid, E. Hitchcock, i, 105^f; vi, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, ibid, A. Smith, xxii, 205.^f

—, —, —, —, vicinity of Lowell, xxvii, 340.

—, —, —, —, Hampshire Co., with an account of the lead mines, A. Nash, xii, 238.^f

—, —, —, —, vicinity of Williams College, C. Dewey, i, 337.^f

—, —, —, —, Martha's vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands, vii, 240.^f

—, —, —, —, economical review of, E. Hitchcock, xxxvi, 363.

—, —, —, —, granite veins and beds of Chester, E. Emmons, viii, 250.^f

—, —, —, —, report on, E. Hitchcock, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384.

—, —, —, —, sandstone of Connecticut valley, E. Hitchcock, vi, 39; xli, 244.

—, —, —, —, ibid, cause of dip, xliii, 170; xlvii, 107.

—, —, —, —, terraces and ancient lakes, A. Smith, xxii, 214, 216.

—, —, —, —, syenite and amygdaloid, Salem, iii, 232.

—, —, —, —, changes produced by the Saxicava, in Plymouth sound, xlii, 326.

—, —, —, R. Island, some notice of the rocks of, from C. T. Jackson's report, xl, 182.

—, —, —, Connecticut, rocks of the Connecticut valley, vii, 25.

—, —, —, —, water courses and geology of the Connecticut valley, terraces, ancient lakes, &c., xxii, 205.^f

—, —, —, —, account of the Connecticut valley, E. Hitchcock, vi, 1^f, 201; vii, 1.

—, —, —, —, New Haven and Litchfield Cos., B. Silliman, ii, 201.

—, —, —, —, Salisbury, Conn., C. A. Lee, viii, 252.

—, —, —, —, map of New London and Windham Cos., W. Lester, Jr., xxiii, 404.

—, —, —, —, junction of trap and sandstone at Wallingford, A. B. Chapin, xxvii, 104.^f

—, —, —, —, section from Killingly to Haddam, W. W. Mather, xxi, 94.^f

—, —, —, —, trap rocks, igneous origin of, B. Silliman, xvii, 119.

—, —, —, —, survey authorized, xxviii, 381.

—, —, —, —, report of C. U. Shepard, noticed, xxxiii, 151.

—, —, —, —, ibid, of J. G. Percival, xxxii, 399; xliv, 187.

—, —, —, New York, annual reports of survey, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227.

—, —, —, —, final report of survey, reviewed, D. D. Owen, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f

—, —, —, —, account of the rocks of, C. Dewey, xxxiii, 121.

—, —, —, —, oolite in Orange Co., xix, 398.

—, —, —, —, ibid, of Saratoga and elsewhere, J. H. Steele, ix, 16.^f

—, —, —, —, the secondary region, J. Pierce, ii, 181.

—, —, —, —, western New York, G. E. Hayes, xxxi, 241; xxxv, 86.^f

—, —, —, —, Albany county, iii, 239.

—, —, —, —, Canaan Mts., section, H. D. Barnes, v, 8.^f

—, —, —, —, ibid, subsidence about, v, 15.

—, —, —, —, Carthage bridge, near the mouth of Genesee river, J. I. Bigsby, ii, 250.

—, —, —, —, Catskill Mts., H. E. Dwight, ii, 11.

—, —, —, —, ibid, D. W. Barton, iv, 249.^f

—, —, —, —, ibid, J. Pierce, vi, 86.

—, —, —, —, Erie canal route, A. Eaton's survey noticed, vi, 373; viii, 358; ix, 355; xiii, 383.

—, —, —, —, Essex Co., and northern sources of the Hudson, some remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 301.^f

—, —, —, —, Highlands, A. Eaton, v, 231.

—, —, —, —, ibid, W. W. Mather, xxi, 97.

—, —, —, —, ibid, J. Pierce, v, 26.

—, —, —, —, Hudson river region, iv, 33.

—, —, —, —, ibid, tertiary, J. Finch, x, 227.

—, —, —, —, Mohawk alluvial deposits, xxiii, 207.

—, —, —, —, Niagara region, iv, 35; xi, 213.^f

—, —, —, —, —, recession of the falls, G. E. Hayes, xxxv, 100.^f

—, —, —, —, —, ib., J. B. Gibson, xxix, 204.

—, —, —, —, —, H. D. Rogers, xxvii, 326.^f

—, —, —, —, Ontario valley, J. Geddes, xi, 213.^f

—, —, —, —, Orange Co., oolite in, xix, 398.

—, —, —, —, Portage, two sections, J. Hall, xlv, 329.

—, —, —, —, Rensselaer Co., survey in progress, iv, 189;

–ibid, noticed, v, 203.

—, —, —, —, Rochester, polished limestone of, C. Dewey, xxxvii, 240.

—, —, —, —, Salina salt formation, J. Forman, xix, 141.

—, —, —, —, salt springs, see Springs.

—, —, —, —, Saratoga lake, and its environs, with Snake Hill, J. H. Steele, ix, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, Scoharie Co., J. Gebhard, xxviii, 172.^f

—, —, —, —, St. Lawrence Co., J. Finch, xix, 220.

—, —, —, —, St. Lawrence and Jefferson Cos., J. B. Crawe and A. Gray, xxv, 346.

—, —, —, —, Sullivan Co., xxiii, 243.

—, —, —, —, Taconic range, section of, to Troy, C. Dewey, ii, 246.

—, —, —, —, Troy, M. Hale, iii, 72.

—, —, —, —, Troy, gravel near, A. Eaton, v, 22.

—, —, —, New Jersey, alluvial district of, with remarks on the marl, J. Pierce, vi, 237.

—, —, —, —, secondary region of, J. Pierce, ii, 181.

—, —, —, —, cretaceous formation, S. G. Morton, xxii, 90; xxiii, 288; xlviii, 265^f, 267.

—, —, —, —, ibid, C. Lyell, xlvii, 213.

—, —, —, —, Hoboken serpentine rocks, T. Nuttall, iv, 16.

—, —, —, Pennsylvania, coal regions and mines of, see Coal.

—, —, —, —, western, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 51, 71, 74, &c.

—, —, —, —, Wyoming, &c., B. Silliman, xviii, 309^f; xix, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, near Easton, J. Finch, viii, 236.^f

—, —, —, —, near Bedford Springs, H. H. Hayden, xix, 97.

—, —, —, —, near Westchester, J. Finch, xiv, 15.

—, —, —, —, mineral resources, J. Pierce, xii, 54.

—, —, —, —, scenery, xxi, 197.

—, —, —, —, survey proposed, xii, 173.

—, —, —, —, H. D. Rogers's report noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380.

—, —, —, Maryland, Appalachian chain in, W. E. A. Aikin, xxvi, 219.^f

—, —, —, —, report on, J. T. Ducatel and J. H. Alexander, xxvii, 1; xxxii, 191.

—, —, —, —, survey of, xxx, 393.

—, —, —, —, report on the new map of, noticed, xxxii, 191.

—, —, —, —, Bare Hills, near Baltimore, H. H. Hayden, xxiv, 349.^f

—, —, —, Virginia, account of part of, and Tennessee, J. H. Kain, i, 60.

—, —, —, —, ibid, with parts of Alabama and Mississippi, E. Cornelius, i, 214, 317.^f

—, —, —, —, coal mines and strata of, see Coal.

—, —, —, —, gold mines of, see Gold.

—, —, —, —, Kenawha and other western valleys, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 83.

—, —, —, —, shell marl regions, J. Pierce, xi, 54.

—, —, —, —, tertiary formation, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, xxxviii, 183.

—, —, —, —, report on, of W. B. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

—, —, —, N. and S. Carolina, account of parts of, J. Dickson, iii, 1.

—, —, —, —, ibid, T. D. Porter, iii, 227.

—, —, —, —, gold region, see Gold.

—, —, —, N. Carolina, basalt, basaltic dikes, ("natural walls,") and petrifactions, J. Beckwith, v, 1.

—, —, —, —, natural walls of Rowan, xiv, 242.

—, —, —, —, mining districts of western part, J. Peck, xxiii, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, origin and character of the low country, E. Mitchell, xiii, 336.

—, —, —, —, notice of D. Olmsted's report, xiv, 230.

—, —, —, —, red sandstone formation in, D. Olmsted, ii, 175.

—, —, —, —, survey proposed, v, 202.

—, —, —, Georgia, Alabama and Florida, with account of fossils in, silicified from thermal springs, C. U. Shepard, xxv, 162.

—, —, —, Alabama, sketches of, W. S. Porter, xiii, 77.

—, —, —, —, Greene Co., R. W. Withers, xxiv, 187.

—, —, —, —, near Centerville, xlviii, 399.

—, —, —, —, the galt in, S. G. Morton, xxviii, 277.

—, —, —, —, tertiary, with a list of fossils, xxv, 417, 419.

—, —, —, Floridas, J. Pierce, ix, 119.

—, —, —, —, East, remarks on, xxxv, 60.

—, —, —, Mississippi valley, lower part, R. Nutt, xxiii, 49.

—, —, —, —, L. Bringier, iii, 15.

—, —, —, Texas, Trinity country, J. L. Riddell, xxxvii, 211.

—, —, —, —, hog-wallow prairies, xxxix, 211.

—, —, —, Ohio, account of, S. P. Hildreth, x, 1; xxv, 217.

—, —, —, —, valley, including part of Pennsylvania and Virginia, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, climate, diseases, &c., C. Atwater, xi, 224.

—, —, —, —, tertiary deposits, xxxiv, 360.

—, —, —, —, saliferous formation, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26.

—, —, —, —, buhrstone, xxix, 142; xxxiv, 352.

—, —, —, —, grotto of plants, xxix, 18.^f

—, —, —, —, Falls of the Cuyahoga, S. P. Hildreth, xxxi, 47.^f

—, —, —, —, rocks of, xl, 126.

—, —, —, —, Belmont Co., C. Atwater, i, 226.

—, —, —, —, reports on, noticed, of S. P. Hildreth, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347.

—, —, —, —, ibid, of W. W. Mather, xxxiv, 196, 347; xl, 126.

—, —, —, —, ibid, of Mr. Briggs, xxxiv, 197.

—, —, —, —, ibid, of Mr. Whittlesey, xxxiv, 197.

—, —, —, —, coal, see Coal.

—, —, —, Western States, D. D. Owen, xliv, 365; xlv, 151, 163.

—, —, —, —, J. Locke, xli, 160; xliii, 147.

—, —, —, —, J. Hall, xlii, 51.

—, —, —, —, G. W. Featherstonhaugh's report noticed, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

—, —, —, Michigan, observations on, J. Pierce, x, 304.

—, —, —, —, rocks of, xl, 136.

—, —, —, —, mining region of, D. Houghton, xli, 183.

—, —, —, —, D. Houghton's reports on, noticed, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136.

—, —, —, —, N. W. portion of Lake Huron, J. J. Bigsby, iii, 254.^f

—, —, —, —, Fort Winnebago, D. Ruggles, xxx, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, Kewenaw Point, C. T. Jackson, xlix, 81.

—, —, —, Indiana, W. B. Stilson, i, 131.

—, —, —, —, D. D. Owen's report noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133.

—, —, —, —, Wayne Co., J. T. Plummer, xliv, 281.^f

—, —, —, Illinois, upper, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 134.^f

—, —, —, Missouri, cretaceous formation, J. N. Nicollet, xli, 180; xlv, 153.

—, —, —, —, lead, see Lead.

—, —, —, —, limestone of the lead region, iii, 248.

—, —, —, Mississippi valley and the lakes, J. B. Gibson, xxix, 201.

—, —, —, —, H. King, xlvii, 128.

—, —, —, Tennessee, East, J. Peck, xxiii, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, G. Troost's report noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187.

—, —, —, Kentucky, near Louisville and Shippingsport canal, I. A. Lapham, xiv, 65.^f

—, —, —, Oregon, or West of the Rocky Mountains, A. Eaton, xxv, 351.

—, —, —, —, J. Ball, xxviii, 1.

—, American, West Indies, Nugent, i, 140.

—, —, — —, St. Croix and Antigua, S. Hovey, xxxv, 64, 75.

—, —, — —, shell limestone, S. Hovey, xxxv, 71.

—, —, — —, chert, siliceous petrifactions, xxxv, 79.

—, —, — —, coral limestone raised in Dominica, St. Christopher's, St. Eustatia, &c., iv, 218.

—, —, — —, Cuba, oolitic strata, I. Lea, xl, 41.

—, South America, New Grenada, oolitic strata, I. Lea, xl, 41.

—, — —, mining regions of Peru, xvii, 43.

—, — —, Montevideo, xxix, 240.

—, — —, Tarapaca Province, J. H. Blake, xliv, 1.^f

—, Sandwich Islands, rocks and minerals of, xvi, 345.

—, — —, notices of, C. S. Stewart, xx, 229.

—, — —, Hawaii, xi, 1.

—, — —, —, E. G. Kelley, xl, 117.^f

—, — —, —, Mauna Loa, xvi, 346.

—, — —, Oahu, J. D. Dana, xliv, 407.

—, — —, —, A. Ball, xxviii, 15.

—, — —, see further, under Volcano.

Geometry, by N. I. Larkin, ii, 359.

—, analytical, C. Wilder, xx, 285.^f

Georama at Paris, ix, 204; xii, 190.

Germany, city of Berlin, notice of, xx, 389.

German silver, made by M. Frick, xiii, 172.

— Correspondent, a paper in New York, ii, 178.

Germination, influence of light on, R. Hunt, xlvi, 397.

— of cellules, C. Vogt, xlv, 213.

Geum, species of, iv, 64; xlii, 35.

Geysers, remarks on, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 255.

— of Iceland, siliceous concretions from, xxxi, 167; xxxii, 196.

Gibbes, L. R., on the resistance of fluids, xxvii, 135.

Gibbon, J. H., visit to the salt works of Zipaquera, xxxii, 89.

Gibbs, G., on the dry rot, ii, 114.

—, method of augmenting the force of gunpowder, i, 87.

—, connexion between magnetism and light, i, 89.

—, on the tourmalines and other minerals of Chesterfield, Mass., i, 346.

—, mineral cabinet of, at Yale College, ii, 169.

Gibbs, J. W., characteristics of some African dialects, xxxviii, 41; xxxix, 255.

—, contributions to English lexicography, xxxiii, 324; xli, 28.

—, ibid, origin of the names of beasts, birds and insects, xli, 32.

—, on the adverbial genitive case in English, xlv, 96.

—, on Greek conjugations, xxxvii, 112.

—, table of Greek correlatives, xxxiv, 337.

—, on Greek verbal roots in English, xlv, 284.

—, on the orthography of Hebrew words in the Roman character, xxiv, 87.

Gibbs, O. W., new form of magneto-electric machine, and account of a carbon battery, xxxix, 132.

—, on a natural system of chemical classification, xlix, 384.

Gibbsite in Massachusetts, iii, 239, (called Wavellite); v, 269; vi, 247, 364; viii, 52.

— in New York, xl, 75.

Gibson, J. B., on the geology of the lakes and the valley of the Mississippi, xxix, 201.

Gigantolite, analysis of, xlii, 387.

Gilding by electrography, xli, 402.

Gin, loss of memory from the use of, xxvi, 211.

Girard, P. S., on navigable canals, iv, 102; vii, 286.

Girardin, analysis of guano, xlviii, 181.

Glaciers and boulders in Switzerland, L. Agassiz, xli, 59, 190.

— in Switzerland, extent of, xlii, 357.

— of the Alps, account of, J. D. Forbes, xlvi, 173.

— in Scotland, former existence of, xli, 191.

—, a week among, H. A. Grant, xlvi, 281.

Glacier theory of L. Agassiz, xlii, 346.^f

— —, remarks on, E. Hitchcock, xliii, 396.

— — of drift, E. Hitchcock, xlv, 324.

— — —, remarks on, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 268.

Glasgow, supply of water to, iii, 372.

Glass, manufacture of, iii, 370.

—, —, H. N. Fenn, xvi, 112.^f

— from burning hay, xix, 395; xxiv, 174.

—, blowing of, xxiv, 380.

—, cloth of, xxxix, 386.

—, ductility of, viii, 392.

—, on the decomposition of, D. Brewster, xl, 324.

—, decay of an object-, xxviii, 69.

— decomposed, rings of polarized light produced in specimens of, D. Brewster, xl. 325.

—, dividing of, by friction, R. Hare, xiii, 7.^f

—, Guinand's flint, ix, 380.

—, opaline, cause of color of, xxvi, 66.

— for optical purposes, manufacture of, A. Bourne, xl, 207.

—, porosity of, vii, 192.

—, spectacle, xxvii, 80.

—, silvering of, according to Drayton's method, xlix, 198.

— beads, manufactory of, at Venice, xxvii, 78.

— houses, improved mode of drying wood for, xvii, 163.

— vessels, method of cutting, xxiv, 206.

— or porcelain vessels, a crust formed on, removed by muriatic acid, xxvi, 188.

Glasses, lamp, to prevent the cracking of, xxi, 165.

Glauberite, xlvii, 338.

Glaucolite, xv, 387.

Glucinium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189.

Glyptodon, xxxvii, 232.

Gmelinite or hydrolite, A. Connell, xxxv, 195.

Gnaphalium decurrens, i, 310, 380.^f

Gnathodon, T. A. Conrad, xxxviii, 92.^f

Gneiss of the Connecticut valley, vi, 18.^f

— quarries of Connecticut, C. U. Shepard, xxxiii, 170.

— in western Massachusetts, viii, 5.^f

—, glandulous, vi, 20.

Goat, Cashmere Angora, remarks on, xxv, 208.

Göbel's observations on formic acid, xxviii, 127.

Godfrey, T., grave of, xxxv, 389.

Göthe, F. W., honors to, from the king of Bavaria, ix, 184; xv, 171.

Goitre, causes of, iv, 339; xxii, 355.

Gold coinage in the United States, xx, 403.

—, amount deposited at the mint of the U. States, xx, 404.

—, an alloy imitating, x, 384; xiv, 371.

—, alembic for distilling amalgam of, M. F. Maury, xxxiii, 66.^f

—, new cyanide of, xlviii, 191.

—, fulminating, ii, 350; xlviii, 192.

—, medical uses of, xvi, 385.

—, method of refining, xvii, 177.

—, mosaic, xiii, 174.

— oxides, purple of Cassius, ii, 350; xx, 192; xxviii, 145; xlviii, 192.

—, native, in Canada, F. H. Baddely, xxviii, 112.

—, —, at New Fane, Vt., xii, 177; xxii, 63.

—, —, in Maryland, xvii, 202.

—, —, in Virginia, in talcose slate, H. H. Hayden, xx, 164.

—, —, —, account of mines and region, B. Silliman, xxxii, 98.

—, —, —, Moss and Busby's mines, B. Silliman, xxxii, 99.

—, —, —, Culpeper mine, B. Silliman, xxxii, 117, 185.

—, —, —, Louisa county mines, B. Silliman, xxxii, 126.

—, —, —, Fauquier and Culpeper Co. mines, B. Silliman, xxxii, 127.

—, —, —, large masses of, B. Silliman, xxxii, 101.

—, —, —, experiments on different varieties of rock containing, B. Silliman, xxxii, 105.

—, —, —, U. States mine near Fredericksburg, M. F. Maury, xxxii, 325.

—, —, —, —, ibid, mode of working and yield, xxxii, 183.

—, —, in Carolina, miscellaneous notices of, iii, 3; xvi, 360; xvii, 400; xlviii, 398.

—, —, —, large masses of, ix, 9.

—, —, —, D. Olmsted, on the mines of, ix, 5; xiv, 237.

—, —, —, remarks on mines of, C. E. Rothe, xiii, 201.^f

—, —, —, miscellaneous notices of the geology of the region of, E. Mitchell, xvi, 1.^f

—, —, —, on the nature of deposits, F. L. Smith, xxxii, 130.

—, native, of the Carolinas, in talcose slate, A. Eaton, xviii, 50.

—, —, in Georgia, mines of, W. Phillips, xxiv, 1.^f

—, —, —, —, washing for, xxiv, 14.^f

—, —, —, remarks on, xxxiv, 397.

—, —, —, analysis of, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 255.

—, —, —, western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee, geological account of districts, J. Peck, with a map, xxiii, 1.^f

—, —, region of the U. States, xxvii, 348.

—, —, yield of branch mines of U. States, xxvii, 350.

—, —, of Mexico, in a rock equivalent to that containing the gold of the Carolinas, A. Eaton, xx, 124.

—, —, mines of Brazil, yield of, xx, 403.

—, —, in France, xl, 216.

—, —, in Russia, annual yield, xvii, 406; xx, 402; xxi, 372.

—, —, —, in the Ural, deposit, ix, 183; xxviii, 395; xlvi, 211.

—, —, —, mines of Tobolsk, xvii, 25.

—, —, a mass of twenty-five lbs., from the Russian mines, xii, 384.

—, —, large mass of, found in N. Carolina, ix, 9.

—, —, large masses of, in Virginia, B. Silliman, xxxii, 101.

—, —, table showing the amount yielded by mines, xx, 401.

—, —, containing rhodium, from Mexico, xi, 298.

— coins, wear and tear of, throughout the world, xx, 402.

— coinage, in the United States, amount of, xx, 403.

— leaf, the blue color of transmitted light, Dupasquier, xlix, 391.

— —, adhering through electrical attraction, v, 198.

Goniometer, reflecting, improvement suggested by A. Eaton, xx, 158.

—, —, simplification of Wollaston's, R. Graves, xxiii, 75.^f

—, —, new mode of adjusting, xlvi, 372.^f

Gonord, a mode of enlarging an engraving on a copper plate, ii, 342.

Good Hope, Cape of, geology, scenery, &c., G. Champion, xxix, 230.

Goode, W. H., the daguerrotype and its applications, xl, 137.

Goodrich, C. E., notice of a peculiarity in vision, xiv, 264.^f

Göppert, H. R., views on the lapidification of vegetables, xxxiii, 109.

Gorham, J., a new work on chemistry announced, i, 434; iii, 331.

Gorton, T., some properties of a rampant arch, xxvii, 303.^f

—, on railroad curves, xxvii, 131.^f

—, turnouts in railroads, xxviii, 248.

Goshen minerals, ix, 21.

Goshenite, xlvii, 350.

—, C. U. Shepard, xlviii, 174, 176.

Gossamer spider, xvi, 399.

Gould, A. A., Report on the invertebrate animals of Massachusetts, xli, 378.

—, on zoological nomenclature, xlv, 1.

Gould, D., direct demonstration of the binomial theorem, xix, 50.

—, rational expression for sines, tangents and secants, xxii, 392.

Graduating instrument, new, iv, 398.

Graham, T., on the constitution of salts, xxxv, 300.

— on Dumas's law of substitutions in chemistry, xxxviii, 114.

Graham, Maria, on the rise of the coast of Chili, xxviii, 237.

Grains, cereal, analyses of, C. T. Jackson and A. A. Hayes, xiv, 339.

Grammer, J., coal mines near Richmond, Va., i, 125.

Granger, E., vegetable impressions on the rocks of the coal formation at Zanesville, Ohio, iii, 5.^f

Granite, artificial, xxiv, 205.

—, durability of, as compared with marble, xv, 168.

— of Northern America, xvii, 1, et seq.

—, in Canada, origin of, R. H. Bonnycastle, xxx, 246.

— intermixed with a fossiliferous limestone at Cataraqui, xviii, 104.

— in Nova Scotia, xv, 206.

— in New Hampshire, veins of, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 123.^f

—, —, porphyritic, vi, 10.

—, in Massachusetts, viii, 4; xxii, 14.

—, —, graphic, i, 138; vi, 16; vii, 22.^f

—, —, porphyritic, viii, 4.

—, —, pseudomorphous, vi, 17; vii, 22.^f

—, —, veins of, E. Hitchcock, vi, 13.

—, —, —, C. Dewey, viii, 4.

—, —, —, E. Emmons, viii, 250.^f

—, —, —, in mica slate, viii, 5.^f; xxvii, 344.

—, —, —, in granite, A. Nash, xii, 261.^f

—, —, —, in syenite, vi, 14.^f

— in the Connecticut valley, vi, 1, et seq.

— in Connecticut, graphic, ii, 204, 240.

— in Pennsylvania, viii, 237.

— in Vermont, at Bellows Falls, Vt., vi, 11.

— quarry at Port Deposit and elsewhere, Maryland, xxvii, 19, 20.

— in Italy, secondary, vii, 186.

— at Christiana, Norway, xxxiv, 204.

—, views of C. Lyell on, xxxiii, 116.

— sometimes metamorphic, J. D. Dana, xlv, 108.

—, means of polishing, viii, 185.

—, polishing of, in India, iv, 246.

Granitogeny, a poem, v, 283.

Grant, H. A., a week among the glaciers, xlvi, 281.

Graphic granite in Massachusetts, i, 138; vi, 16; vii, 22.^f

— — in Connecticut, ii, 204, 240.

Graphite, conversion of cannon balls into, iv, 178.

— in coal-gas retorts, vii, 380.

—, formed by pressure, xlix, 227.

—, fusion of, by galvanism, vi, 341.

— of Sturbridge, Mass., xviii, 377.

— of Worcester, Mass., probable age of, C. Lyell, xlvii, 214.