INDEX (continued 2)

—, on the vitality of toads enclosed in stone or wood, xxiii, 272.

Buckley, S. B., botanical labors of, xlii, 12.

—, new species of plants, xlv, 170.

—, skeleton of a Zygodon, xliv, 409.

Buel, J., excrementitious matter thrown off by plants, xxviii, 267.

Buhrstone in Indiana, i, 132.

—, in Missouri, iii, 28.

—, of Ohio, xxix, 142; xxv 233.

Building stone, expansion and contraction of, by variations of temperature, W. H. C. Bartlett, xxii, 136.^f

—, — in western New York, xxxvi, 45.

Burden's boat, introduced into France, xxx, 174.

Burgess, A., a notice of bees, xxii, 164.

Burnett, G. T., on the functions of vegetable life, xxi, 153.

Burning well, Ohio, xlix, 406.

Burns, a tried cure, xxvi, 188.

Burritt, E. H., on the elements of the solar system, xxvi, 129.

Bustamite, xviii, 392.

Butter, depuration of, xxiv, 200.

—, preservation of, xviii, 145.

—, volatile acids of, J. U. Lezch, xlix, 202.

Butterflies, emigration of, xiv, 387.

Butyric acid from fibrin, xlviii, 186.

—, ether, action of ammonia on, xlviii, 191.

Byrne, O., mode of determining heights, xliv, 12.^f

C.

Cacoxenite, analysis of, xviii, 391.

—, in New York, xl, 76.

Cadmia in the Salisbury furnace, viii, 57.

—, in N. Jersey, of furnace origin, called ancramite, v, 235, 399; vi, 180.

—, in a furnace at Bennington, Vt., xii, 168.

Cadmium, sulphuret of, associated with prehnite, xii, 52.

Caffeine, viii, 381.

Calamine in Virginia, xliii, 169.

—, with the lead ore of the west, xii, 376.

—, in Michigan, xli, 185.

—, electric, in Michigan, xli, 185.

Calamites, vii, 180.

Calc spar, formation of, v, 405.

— —, and arragonite, Becquerel, on the different formation of, xxiii, 387.

— —, in Connecticut, vi, 246.

— —, Massachusetts, i, 115; vii, 255; viii, 32.

— —, New Jersey, ii, 194; xl, 69; xliv, 60.

— —, New York, iv, 45; ix, 251; xxv, 346; xl, 76.

— —, Nova Scotia, xxx, 347.^f

— —, Pennsylvania, x, 222.

— —, western states, iii, 67; vii, 47.

— —, of Rossie, N. Y., with figures of crystals, xlvi, 33.^f

— tufa in Massachusetts, viii, 34.

— —, in New York, vii, 252.

— —, in Western States, vii, 47.

Calcium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189.

—, obtained by R. Hare, xxxvii, 267; xxxviii, 115, 181, 189; xxxix, 362; xl, 293.^f

Calculating machine, Constants, Babbage's, xxviii, 64.

Calculi, chemical examination of, by J. F. Dana, iv, 149.

—, urinary, composition of, xvii, 190.

—, gouty, xlvii, 197.

—, in the ovary of a turtle, J. E. Muse, xxvii, 163.

Calculous affections, E. D. Smith, iii, 300.

— —, use of alkaline pastils in, xi, 388.

Calculus, higher, fundamental principle of, demonstrated by the method of indeterminates, xvii, 74.

—, differential, first principles of, T. Strong, xlv, 269.

California, climate of, J. Ball, xxviii, 15.

—, elevation of, during the tertiary epoch, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 245.

Calligraphy, method of, by M. Le Roy, vii, 377.

Calomel, remarks on, xlvii, 193.

Caloric, a cause of galvanic currents, J. P. Emmet, xxv, 269.

—, the cause of all kinds of attractions, S. L. Metcalf, xxvii, 153.

—, see farther, Heat.

Calorificator, xxx, 168.

Calorimeter, new, A. Ure, xxxviii, 109.

Calorimotor, R. Hare, i, 413^f; v, 94.

—, magnetic effects of, v, 357.

—, remarks on Dr. Hare's, v, 364.

—, for galvano-ignition, R. Hare, xxxii, 284.^f

—, mode of increasing shocks, C. G. Page, xxxi, 137.^f

Calstronbarite, supposed new mineral, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 161.

—, not a mineral species, xliii, 366.

Cambrian system, Sedgwick, xxxvii, 220.

Cambridge, England, improvements in, xlvi, 403.

Cambridge course of mathematics, review of, v, 304.

Cameos, from shell, xxxii, 257.

Campbell, A. W., an electro-magnetic engine, xxxv, 343.^f

Camphor, crystallization of, M. John, xiii, 175.

—, odor of, destroyed temporarily by electric action, xix, 380.

Canada, maps of, in course of preparation, xvi, 380.

Canada, vegetable coloring materials in, xviii, 186.

—, cave containing bones at Lanark, ix, 354.

—, supposed volcano in, xxx, 238, 241.

—, highest mountain in Lower, xxx, 239.

—, geology and minerals of the vicinity of Kingston, xviii, 104.

—, transition rocks of the Cataraqui, R. H. Bonnycastle, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f

—, various fossils in, J. Bigsby, viii, 60.

—, geological survey of, ordered, xlviii, 404.

Canals, mathematical problems relating to contents of, D. C. Lapham, xxvii, 127.^f

—, navigable, Girard on, iv, 102; vii, 286.

—, Amsterdam, v, 181.

—, in the U. States, extent of, Prof. Henry, xxxiii, 296.

—, method of conducting surveys of, in the state of New York, E. F. Johnson, xxiv, 19.^f

—, Erie, tolls on, x, 398.

—, of Ohio, xx, 416; xxv, 241.

—, Ohio and Pennsylvania, xxxi, 40.

—, of Pennsylvania, E. Miller, xxv, 85; xxvi, 108.

—, route of the Michigan and Illinois, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 138.

—, Louisville and Shippingsport, Ky., xiv, 65.^f

Canal, Welland, U. C., account of, W. H. Merritt, xiv, 159.^f

—, to connect Lake Superior with Lake Huron, xlvi, 213.

—, locks at Cincinnati, Ohio, plan of, D. Lapham, xxiv, 70.^f

—, navigation, mode of, vii, 190.

Cancer, fossil, in New Jersey, xvii, 287.

Cancers, cured by surgery, xii, 386.

Candle, motion of the melted grease in warming, C. Fox, xxxiii, 198.^f

—, — —, note on, xl, 148.

Candlenut tree, of the Sandwich Islands, xxxiv, 209.

Cannel coal, see Coal.

Canova, statue of, by Ceccarini, iv, 197.

Cantharides, vesicating principle of, G. W. Carpenter, xxi, 69.

Cantharidin, in the potato fly, J. F. Dana, ii, 137.

Caoutchouc, electrical properties of, xx, 404.

—, Mitchell's mode of working, xix, 195.

—, sheet, xvii, 399.

—, cloth coated with, xxxiii, 400.

—, rendered impermeable to gas, xlvii, 194.

—, mineral, vi, 370; xl, 215.

—, —, in Connecticut, vi, 370.

Cape of Good Hope, geology, scenery, &c., G. Champion, xxix, 230.

— — —, fossils of, xlix, 213.

Capillary attraction, T. Strong, xviii, 70.

— —, influence of electricity on, J. W. Draper, xxvi, 399.

— action of different solutions, xiv, 384.

— —, of fissures, viii, 377; ix, 193.

— —, a singular instance of the passage of mercury along a lead bar, J. Henry, xxxviii, 180.

— tubes, electricity produced by ascent of fluids in, ix, 193.

Capitol, at Washington, dimensions of, xvi, 168.

Carbon, supposed crystallization of, C. C. C. Cohen, xx, 167.

—, combustibility of, increased by platina and copper, xviii, 147.

—, electro-magnetic property of, xviii, 175.

—, fused, see Charcoal.

—, on the supposed conversion of, into silicon, xli, 208; xlii, 193.

—, a compound body, R. Rigg, xlvii, 211.

—, battery, xxxix, 132.

—, —, B. Silliman, Jr., xliii, 393; xliv, 180.^f

Carbonates and calcareous marl, apparatus for analyzing, W. B. Rogers, xxvii, 299.^f

—, new means of analyzing, W. B. and R. E. Rogers, xlvi, 346.^f

—, alkaline, decomposition by the light of the sun, J. W. Draper, xlvi, 398.

Carbonate of lime in calcareous substances, new instrument for estimating, J. L. Smith, xlv, 262.^f

— —, and arragonite, Becquerel, xxiii, 387.

—, of potash, free from silica, preparation of, xlix, 195.

—, of potash and soda, mixture of pure, xlix, 195.

Carbondale coal mine, xviii, 319.

Carbonic acid of the atmosphere, from a memoir by Saussure, xvi, 214.

— —, amount of, in the atmosphere, xx, 183.

— —, of wells, means of removing, xxxviii, 206.

— —, on the removal of, from wells, O. P. Hubbard, xlii, 165.

— —, decomposition of, C. Despretz, xx, 186.

— —, —, by the light of the sun, J. W. Draper, xlvi, 398.

— —, disengaged by the roots of plants, xlv, 227.

— —, non-decomposition of, by plants, xxxiv, 44.

— —, condensation of, M. Faraday, vii, 354.

— —, liquid, properties of, M. Thilorier, xxxi, 402.

— —, solidification of, M. Thilorier, xxxi, 163, 404.

— —, —, J. Torrey, xxxv, 374.

— —, liquefaction and solidification, and apparatus for, figured, J. K. Mitchell, xxxv, 346.^f

— —, apparatus for solidifying, J. Johnston, xxxviii, 297^f; xlii, 203.

— —, —, —, R. Addams, xxxv, 301.

— —, new instrument for solidifying, E. N. Horsford, xlix, 206.^f

— —, heat from solid, xlvi, 215.

— oxyd, mode of preparing, xiii, 186.

— —, obtained free from carbonic acid, J. D. Mitchell, xxv, 344.

— —, free from carbonic acid, on Prof. Mitchell's mode of preparing, L. D. Gale, xxvii, 129.

— —, method of separating carbonic acid from, R. Hare, xxiv, 252.^f

— —, disease attributed to, in a manufactory, vi, 199.

Carbonicometer, by R. Hare, xii, 48.^f

Carboniferous formation, see under Coal.

Carburet of sulphur decomposed by weak electric action, xviii, 153.

Carburetted hydrogen, combinations of, M. Dumas, xxiii, 377.

— —, in balls of carbonate of lime, xlii, 214.

— —, source of, in N. York state, xv, 236.

— —, from a mill-pond near West Town, Chester Co., Penn., xxxix, 200.

Caricography, see under Botany.

Carnelian, vegetable mailer in, xxiv, 200.

—, localities in Connecticut, i, 135.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 113, 115.

Caroline Islands, account of, by a Russian expedition, xxviii, 114.

Carpenter, G. W., experiments on the varieties of cinchona bark, ix, 363.

—, on common salt, and on the brine springs of the U. States, xv, 1.

—, on the use of Piperine, xiii, 326.

—, on rhubarb, xiv, 33.

—, on opium, xiii, 17.

—, on Peruvian bark, xvi, 28.

—, on a new preparation of Copaiva Balsam, xvi, 40.

—, the vesicating principle of Cantharides, xxi, 69.

—, some new medical preparations, xxii, 293.

—, inflaming of a quantity of alcohol in the store of, xxiii, 401.

Carpenter, W. M., bituminization of wood in the recent era, xxxvi, 118.^f

—, fossil tooth in Louisiana, xlii, 390.^f

—, fossil teeth of mastodon and horse, in Louisiana, xxxiv, 201.^f

—, notices in Opelousas, Attakapas, &c., xxxv, 344.

—, hailstorm in Louisiana, xxvii, 171.

—, formation of fogs, xliv, 40.

—, meteorological register at Jackson, La., 1839-1841, xliv, 49.

—, methods used in obtaining the mean temperatures of places, and on the supposed difference between temperature of the air and of the earth, xliv, 50.

Carpolithes Smithii, xlv, 402.

Carrara marble, shown to be altered oolite, xxx, 176.

Carson, A. W., on currents in water, xxix, 340.^f

Carver, S. D., notice of a meteoric stone which fell in Maryland, Feb., 1825, ix, 351.

Caryophyllia in marl, New Jersey, xvii, 288.

Caspian sea, height of the Black sea above, xl, 320.

Cassius, purple powder of, ii, 350; xx, 192; xxviii, 145; xlviii, 192.

Casting, metallic, improvement in, vii, 190.

Casts, plaster, method of coating, xxx, 171.

Caswell, A., on zinc, as a covering for buildings, xxxi, 248.

Catacecaumene, volcanic region of, xxxiii, 95.

Catalytic action, Mercer on, xliv, 351.

Caterpillars, destruction of, iv, 392; xxvi, 189.

—, emigration of a colony of, J. Skene, ix, 284.^f

Catlin, G., account of a journey to the Côteau des Prairies, and description of the red pipestone quarry and granitic bowlders there found, xxxviii, 138.

Catlinite, or Indian pipestone, analysis of, C. T. Jackson, xxxv, 388; xxxvii, 393.

Catskill mountains, account of, H. E. Dwight, ii, 11.

— —, scenery, geology, &c. of, J. Pierce, vi, 86.

— —, D. W. Barton, iv, 249.^f

Cattle of Chillingham Park, xxxv, 316.

Caustics by reflection, instruments for illustrating, E. S. Snell, xlix, 24.^f

Caucasus range, geology and floods of, xxxvii, 348.

— —, basalt of, xxxvii, 348.

Caves in Tennessee, J. H. Kain, i, 428.

— in Kentucky, nitre in, viii, 323.

— of the Greenbrier, Virginia, xxix, 93.

— in Maryland, containing saltpetre, xxvii, 33.

—, at Sunderland, Connecticut, vii, 19.

—, Ball's, Schoharie, notice of, xxvii, 368.

—, in the limestone of Western Massachusetts and Vermont, viii, 15.

—, Wier's, in Virginia, i, 59, 64.

—, at Malbay, L. C., v, 212.^f

—, freezing, in Russia, R. I. Murchison, xliv, 206.

—, —, explanation of, J. Herschel, xliv, 206.

—, bone, at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, W. Buckland, viii, 158, 317.

—, —, at Mendip Hills, M. Long, xxxv, 304.

—, —, of Cefn, in Denbigshire, xxxi, 341.

—, —, at Plymouth, England, ii, 144; xxxiii, 106.

—, —, at Kuhloch, and elsewhere, in Germany, viii, 319, 321.

—, —, in France, xxi, 56; xxiii, 388.

—, —, in New Holland, xx, 380.

—, —, bank of the Susquehannah, xxxix, 399.

—, —, at Lanark, Upper Canada, ix, 354.

Cavolinite, xi, 259.^f

Celestine, analysis of, vii, 369.

—, of Lake Erie, ii, 241, (called heavy spar);

–iii, 363; iv, 279.

— — —, analysis of, G. T. Bowen, iv, 324.

—, of Sicily, viii, 205.

Cellules, germination of, M. Vogt, xlv, 213.

Celtic antiquities of America, J. Finch, vii, 149.

Cement, fusible, H. F. Löwitz, xvii, 81.^f

—, Roman, ix, 192.

—, of Seyssel, xxxiv, 383.

—, for glass, &c., xxiii, 201.

—, for porcelain, &c., xviii, 145; xxi, 149.

—, for iron water pipes, xviii, 394.

—, as a covering of houses, ii, 220.

—, from shells and oil, xxx, 168.

—, from iron filings, xix, 190.

—, water, lime for, iii, 230.

—, —, from Southington, Ct., xiii, 382.

—, of the Castle Rock, Quebec, F. H. Baddeley, xxviii, 367.

—, Fuchs on, xxxii, 200.

Census, earliest, of the U. States, xxxiii, 278.

Central forces, T. Strong, xvi, 293; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67; xix, 46; xx, 65, 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 343; xxiv, 40.

Cerium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 190.

—, and didymium, method of separating the oxides of, xlvi, 206.

Cetine, a new carburetted hydrogen, xxx, 180.

Ceylon, mineralogy of, vi, 192.

—, notices of, viii, 186.

Chabazite, analysis of, C. Cramer, xxx, 366.

—, localities of, in Canada, viii, 65.

—, in Connecticut, xxxv, 179.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 134; vi, 224; vii, 254; viii, 45.

—, in New Jersey, v, 239; xliv, 58.

—, in New York, ix, 41.

—, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 349.

—, in Pennsylvania, xiv, 7.

—, supposed, from Maryland, near Baltimore, (Haydenite,) i, 307; xlvi, 379.^f

Chæropotamus, xxxvii, 231.

Chalcedony, stalactites of, New South Shetland, iv, 26.

—, localities of, in the U. States, i, 132, 134; ii, 197; iii, 71; vii, 49; viii, 64; x, 219, 224; xviii, 78.

Chalk, coralline animalcules in, xxxix, 205.

—, corals and entomostraca in, xxx, 382.

—, of France, viii, 216.

—, see farther, Cretaceous.

Chalybeate waters, action of cork on, viii, 390.

— —, artificial mode of making, viii, 105; xi, 392.

Chameleon, change of color, xxviii, 79.

Champion, G., geology, scenery, &c., of the Cape of Good Hope, xxix, 230.

Channing, W. F., observations on photographic processes, xliii, 73.

Chapin, A. B., junction of trap and sandstone, at Wallingford, Ct., xxvii, 104.^f

Chaptal, J. A., biography of, xxvi, 127.

Charcoal, remarks on, xii, 389.

—, manufacture of, xxi, 156.

—, a cheap mode of manufacturing, xxvi, 188.

—, decoloring action of, xvi, 393.

—, bitterness of some substances removed by, xxi, 374.

—, report on Dumont's prepared, xxiii, 346.^f

—, animal, effect of, in preventing the putrefaction of stagnant water, x, 189.

—, —, action of, R. Warrington, xlix, 393.

—, fusion of, B. Silliman, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 349, 378; viii, 147; x, 109, 119.

—, —, J. Griscom, v, 364.

—, —, R. Hare, viii, 288; x, 111, 118; xxxviii, 190.

—, —, L. Vanuxem, viii, 292; x, 102.

Charlatanism, or selling pharmaceutical preparations under false denominations, in Paris, xviii, 401.

Charring wood, new mode of, by I. Doolittle, xvii, 395.^f

— — at low temperatures, xx, 189.

Chart, magnetic, of the U. States, E. Loomis, xxxiv, 290^f; xxxix, 41.^f

Chathamite, xlvii, 350; xlviii, 175, 179.

Chauvenet, W., solution of a problem in sailing, xlvi, 79.

Cheirotherium, footprints of, in England, xxxvi, 394, 397; xxxvii, 223.

Chemical attraction, modified by quantity of matter, E. Mitchell, xvi, 234.

— classification, O. W. Gibbs, xlix, 384.

— equivalents, Wollaston's scale of, xvi, 371.

— —, scale of, improved, by L. C. Beck and J. Henry, xiv, 202.

— —, circular scale of, J. Finch, xviii, 196.

— examination of some morbid animal products, J. F. Dana, iv, 149.

— —, of the odorous fluid of the skunk, iv, 391.

— force of the indigo-tithonic rays, instrument for measuring, J. W. Draper, xlvi, 217.^f

— manipulation, washing bottle in, xxxi, 292.^f

— nomenclature, Berzelius on, xxii, 248.

— —, R. Hare, xxvii, 63; xlix, 249.

— science, state of, in 1826, D. Olmsted, xi, 349; xii, 1.

— symbols, Whewell's, xxi, 369.

— theory, and a notice of Gorham's Chemistry, iii, 330.

Chemistry, Dumas's theory of substitution in, xxxviii, 114.

—, remarks on Berzelius's treatise, R. Hare, xxvii, 61.

—, Gorham's, notice of, iii, 330.

Cheese, potato, xviii, 395; xxiii, 202.

Chené, and the oil it affords, ii, 264.

Chert and siliceous petrifactions, Antigua, S. Hovey, xxxv, 79.

Chevallier, A., on the uses of chlorides and chlorine, xxiii, 129.

Chevet, F., experiments on bichloruret of sulphur, and certain carburets of hydrogen, xlii, 71.

Chiastolite, analysis of, xxviii, 395.

—, in Massachusetts, vii, 51.

—, in Vermont and New Hampshire, v, 40.

Chile, Bartero on some of the plants of, translated by W. S. W. Ruschenberger, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

—, on the rise of the coast of, xxviii, 236; xxx, 110.

Chilton, G., improved raingauge, vii, 326.^f

—, analyses of the principal brine springs of New York, vii, 345.

—, analysis of the Clinton mineral water, xviii, 346.

Chiltonite, a variety of prehnite, xlvi, 32.

Chimneys, moveable hood for, xxx, 170.^f

China, on the language of, Du Ponceau, xxxviii, 398.

Chinese collection, Dunn, xxxv, 391.

—, fire, composition and properties of, J. Cutbush, vii, 118.

—, dictionary, by Morrison, iii, 377.

—, epicures, tongues of ducks eaten by, xxxi, 193.

—, frontier, notice of, xvii, 32.

—, metallic alloy called packfong, composition of, xv, 396.

—, paper, xiii, 171.

—, process for making sheet lead, vii, 391.

—, tea hills, excursion to, xxxi, 194.

Chios, college of, iii, 381.

Chipman, N., on moving stones in lakes and ponds, xiv, 303.

Chitteningo fossil tree, v, 251; xviii, 354.

Chlorate of potash, economical process for, A. A. Hayes, xvii, 408.

— —, as made by S. Guthrie, xxi, 92.

Chloric ether, new mode of preparing, S. Guthrie, xxi, 64; xxii, 105.

— —, properties and medical effects of, xxi, 405.

— —, preparation of, A. A. Hayes, xxii, 163.

Chlorine, theory of, ii, 362.

—, controversy regarding the nature of, xvii, 230.

—, Davy's views respecting, xvii 230.

—, atomic weight of, xlvii, 188.

—, allotropism of, as connected with the theory of substitution, J. W. Draper, xlix, 346.^f

—, an antidote to prussic acid xxi, 157.

—, explosive reaction of, with hydrogen, R. Hare, xxix, 243.^f

—, — —, —, iii, 341.

—, a remedy in phthisis, xviii, 161.

—, remedy against the dangers of inspiration of, xiii, 393.

—, solubility in water, xlvii, 191.

—, relations of, with hydrogen J. W. Draper, xlix, 355.^f

—, and chlorides, remarks on, xiv, 382.

— —, uses of, A. Chevallier, xxiii, 129.

—, new compound of, with phosphorus and sulphur, by M. Serullas, xix, 382.

Chlorides, alkaline, a means of disinfection, xi, 197; xiii, 169.

—, efficacy of, xviii, 159.

—, and chlorine, uses of, A. Chevallier, xxiii, 129.

—, experiment to determine the nature of, xxi, 368.

Chloride of lime, xv, 391; xvi, 387.

— —, or chlorine, test of the strength of, xvii, 170.

— —, manufacture of, at Glasgow, T. Thomson, xli, 48.

— —, manufacture of, G. W. Carpenter, xvi, 177.

— —, use of, in bleaching, in making paper, xix, 166.

— —, estimation of the bleaching power of, xxii, 354.

— —, disinfecting powers of, xix, 177.

— —, disinfection at the Morgue at Paris, xxi, 149.

— —, used in psora, xvi, 395.

— —, use of, in the navy, xix, 164.

— —, action of, on alcohol, E. Soubeiran, xxiii, 134.

— of silver, discolored, experiments on, xxi, 369.

— —, on the change of color of, xx, 193.

— of soda, Labarraque's method of using, xix, 365.

— of soda, lime, &c., on the nature of, L. C. Beck, xiv, 251.

— of sulphur, xxiii, 382.

Chlorite, in Connecticut, i, 354; vi, 228; viii, 259; xxxiii, 165.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 113; iv, 42; vi, 228, 248; viii, 52.

—, in New York, ix, 44.

—, in New Jersey, v, 239.

—, in Pennsylvania, iv, 54; viii, 238; x, 222.

—, in Rhode Island, viii, 228, 232.

—, in Vermont, iv, 276; vi, 228.

—, remarks on, xlvii, 342.

—, slate of Connecticut and Vermont, vi, 27.

—, —, in New Jersey, v, 29.

Chlorobenzoyle, xxvi, 270, 277.

Chlorohydric acid, experiments by Macaire and de la Rive with reference to, xi, 393.

— —, mode of preparing pure, from the muriatic acid of commerce, R. Hare, xxxix, 371.

— —, fumigations with, at Plattsburgh in 1819, viii, 200.

—, see Hydrochloric.

Chloro-hydrogen blowpipe, xvii, 211.

Chlorophæite, iv, 245.

—, at Turner's Falls, Mass., x, 393.

Chlorophyl, production of, by yellow light, D. P. Gardner, xlvi, 1.^f

Chlorophyllite, C. T. Jackson, xli, 161.

—, description and analysis of, xlvi, 377.

—, a decomposed variety of iolite, C. U. Shepard, xli, 357.

Chlorovinic and chlorovinous acids, A. A. Hayes, xxii, 141.

Cholera, Mackintosh on, xxxiv, 49.

—, miscellaneous notices respecting, xxv, 174.

Cholesterine, action of potash on, J. L. Smith, xliv, 60.

Chondrodite, account of, v, 203, (called yellow mineral); v, 245.

—, crystal of, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 381.^f

— in New York, v, 30; viii, 92; ix, 244; xix, 223; xxi, 325.^f

— in New Jersey, v, 30, 245; vi, 250.

— in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; xiv, 17.

Christianite (anorthite), xi, 261.^f

Chromate of potash, to test the purity of, S. Zuber, xxiv, 372.

— —, (bichromate,) manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Chromatype, R. Hunt, xlvi, 396.

Chromic iron of Maryland, analysis of, H. Seybert, iv, 321.

— — from Cuba, analysis of, J. C. Booth, xxxviii, 243.

— —, remarks on, xxvii, 18, 20.

— — in Massachusetts, ii, 374.

— — in Delaware, iv, 53.

— — in Maryland, xxiv, 349, 355^f; xxvii, 18, 20.

Chromium, Vauquelin's process for obtaining, xxi, 375.

—, on the combinations of, A. A. Hayes, xiv, 136.

— oxide, crystals of, xxviii, 396.

—, sulphate of oxide, M. E. Kopp, xlviii, 189.

Chronometers, remarks on, xxix, 297.

—, Dent's improvements, xliv, 161.

—, errors of, E. J. Dent, xlv, 83.^f

—, sea and land rates of, Parkinson and Frodsham, xxvi, 121.

—, rate varied by the density of the medium containing, x, 185.

—, purification of olive oil for, xx, 166.

—, new compensation-balance for, E. J. Dent, xlv, 83.^f

—, glass balance for, xxxii, 330.^f

Chrysoberyl of Haddam, analysis of, H. Seybert, viii, 105.

—, in Connecticut, ii, 142, 240; iv, 52.

—, in New York, iv, 37.

Chrysoprase, viii, 234; xvii, 353.

Churchill, S., notice of a double fish, xxvi, 116.^f

Chyometer, mode of determining specific gravities with, xi, 126.^f

Cicada septendecim, or seventeen year locust, habits of, xiii, 224.

— —, account, of, S. P. Hildreth, xviii, 47.^f

— —, remarks on, D. Thomas, xxi, 188.

Cinchona, on the different kinds of bark confounded with, De Candolle, xvii, 388.

—, bark, experiments on, G. W. Carpenter, ix, 363.

Cinchovatine, xlvii, 196.

Cinnabar in Michigan, i, 433; ii, 170; xxxvii, 185.

Cinnamon stone of Ceylon, analysis of, xiv, 204.

Cipher, new diplomatic, iv, 377.

Circulation of the blood, regulation of, T. J. Aikin, xxviii, 79.

— in plants, xix, 393.

— —, E. Emmons, xxvi, 99.

Cist, Z., mines of anthracite about Wilkesbarre, Pa., iv, 1.

Cist, J., on the Melolontha or May bug, viii, 269.^f

Cisterns for water, mode of constructing, xxv, 301.

Citric acid from gooseberries, xvi, 385.

Citricic acid, S. Baup, xxxiv, 206.

Civilization, connection of, with mental aberration, xxii, 379.

Clam, eatable, of N. Y., facts regarding, x, 287.

Clark, D. A., singular appearances of snow and hail, ii, 132.

Clark, S., on the infinite divisibility of a finite quantity of matter, ix, 356.

—, notice of, xli, 217.^f

Clarke, E. M., magnetic electrical rotating machines by, xxxiii, 213.^f

—, electrepeter by, xxxiii, 224.^f

Clary, R. E., parhelia seen at Green Bay, xxviii, 304.^f

Classification, chemical, remarks on, O. W. Gibbs, xlix, 384.

—, —, R. Hare, xxvii, 63; xxxii, 260.

—, mineral, remarks on, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 374.

— of clouds, E. Loomis, xli, 325.

Clay of Pownal, Vt., xii, 298.

—, pipe, in New Jersey, ii, 198.

—, potter's, in Massachusetts, i, 344.

—, for sculptors, xxiv, 200.

Cleaveland's Mineralogy, review of, i, 35, 308.

— —, second edition announced, ii, 375.

Cleavelandite, (Kieselspath,) a variety of albite, vii, 370, 390.

Clemson, T. G., analysis of a titanic iron ore from near Baltimore, xvii, 42.

—, analysis of American spathic iron and bronzite, xxiv, 170.

—, notice of piperin, xviii, 352.

—, method of making sulphuric acid, xx, 347.^f

—, physical geography, industry, &c. of the Hartz, xix, 105.^f

Climate, connection with atmospheric and oceanic currents, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 133.

—, liable to change permanently or not, S. Forry, xlvii, 226.

—, effect of clearing land on, S. Forry, xlvii, 237.

—, effect of, on distribution of plants in the United States, S. Forry, xlvi, 221.

—, on a change of, Bishop Heber, xx, 130.

— of the earth, Lyell's views on the changes undergone, xx, 377.

— antediluvian, L. C. Beck, xlv, 144.

— of the post pleiocene period in the U. States, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 257.

— ibid, A. Binney, xlvii, 259.

— of North America, E. Mitchell, xix, 283.

— of North America, Daubeny on, xxxv, 288.

— of U. States, remarks on the amelioration of, by D. Thomas, xix, 361.

— of the U. States, S. Forry, xlvii, 18,^f 221.

— west of Alleganies milder than east, S. Forry, xlvii, 230.

— of Florida, xxxv, 63.

— of the Kenawha valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 89.

— of Ohio, xi, 224, 231.

— and productions of Washington Co., Ohio, S. P. Hildreth, xii, 206.

— of Columbia, South America, with general meteorological observations, R. Wright, xxxvii, 1.

— —, effect on human life, xxxvii, 12.

— of the south of France, v, 173.

— of Palestine, xxxi, 183.

—, productions, &c., of Singapore, xliv, 151.

— of the province of Deccan, Bombay, xxxiii, 275.

—, see farther under Meteorology.

Clinkstone, remarks on the composition of, xix, 380.

Clock, an improved, xiii, 182.

—, affected by the state of the atmosphere, xiv, 375.

—, astronomical, Prof. Bessel, xliv, 160.

—, —, on the stopping of, W. Howard, viii, 277.

—, see Chronometer.

Cloth of amianthus or asbestus, xviii, 401.

—, cotton, printing of, in Manchester, England, xxiii, 220.

—, —, singeing, in the manufacture of, xxiii, 217.

—, made of glass, xxxix, 386.

—, incombustible, v, 188; viii, 390.

—, woollen, remarks on the manufacture of, xxiii, 218.

Clouds, fogs and rain, account of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 54.

—, how sustained, Stevelly, xxxviii, 105.

—, formation of, Stevelly, xxxviii, 105.

—, application of the law of definite proportions to the stratification of, xliv, 172.

—, register of, at Nantucket, Mass., xlix, 406.

—, —, at Hudson, Ohio, E. Loomis, xli, 323; xlix, 280.

—, classification of, E. Loomis, xli, 325.

Clypeaster, in the blue marls of N. Jersey, xvii, 287.

Coal, analyses of, W. R. Johnson, xxxviii, 382; xxxix, 139; xlix, 169.

—, —, of Maryland, Ducatel and Alexander, xxvii, 31.

—, —, of Virginia, Chesterfield, B. Silliman and O. P. Hubbard, xlii, 369.

—, —, of Pennsylvania, Tioga Co., W. Meade, xiii, 32.

—, —, indicating iodine, M. Bussy, xl, 217.

—, passage of anthracite into bituminous, M. C. Lea, xl, 370.

—, cannel, xviii, 376; xxix, 39; xxxi, 79.

—, economical uses of anthracite, x, 331; xi, 78.

—, — — — in smelting iron, xxxiii, 266.

—, — — — in blacksmith's shops, G. Jones, xviii, 303.

—, — — — when first used in blacksmithing, xviii, 307.

—, in the arts, heating power of, W. R. Johnson, xlvii, 126; xlix, 166.

—, —, consumption of, in steam engines, xxix, 351.

—, —, comparative value of American, for steam navigation, W. R. Johnson, xlix, 310.

—, —, amount consumed at Pittsburg, xxix, 79.

—, —, comparative character of European and American anthracites, W. Meade, xii, 75.

—, fossils, vegetable, A. Brongniart, iv, 266^f;

analysis of the works of Ad. Brongniart on, vii, 178.

— —, —, H. Witham, xviii, 110.^f

— —, —, in England, iii, 389.

— —, —, at Wilkesbarre, Pa., ix, 165.

— —, upright trees, Nova Scotia, C. Lyell, xlv, 353.

— —, Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 1, 151.^f

— —, marine shells, England, xxv, 199.

— —, freshwater shells, Lancashire, England, xxxiv, 26.

—, origin of, xii, 87; xviii, 321.

—, —, anthracite, xxiv, 172.

—, —, bituminous, xvii, 397.

—, period, probable constitution of the atmosphere during, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 105.

—, peat converted into, xxxiv, 395.

—, specific gravities and combustible qualities of Ohio coals, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 147.

Coal Mines and Formations, characters and localities of.

Coal in Alabama, bituminous, xxvi, 190.

— on Arkansas river, iii, 41.

— in Connecticut, i, 239; iii, 248; v, 44^f; xxxiii, 163.

— in Cuba, J. H. Blake, xlii, 388.

— in England, remarks on the strata, xxxiii, 79.

— —, Prestwich's observations on the alternation of marine and freshwater beds, xxxiii, 80.

— —, Murchison on dislocations in beds, xxxiii, 84.

— —, Prof. Phillips on the carboniferous limestone of Yorkshire, xxxiii, 84.

— —, marine shells in deposits, xxv, 199.

— —, mines of Dudley, visit to, xxxvii, 390.

— in Illinois, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 142.^f

— —, D. D. Owen, xlv, 151.

— —, Kentucky, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 140.

— in Maine, formation of, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 149.

— in Maryland, J. T. Ducatel and J. H. Alexander, xxvii, 29.

— —, chemical analysis of, ibid, xxvii, 31.

— in Massachusetts, E. Hitchcock, xxii, 41; xxxvi, 377.

— —, anthracite, in Wrentham, xxiii, 405.

— —, —, of Mansfield, C. T. Jackson, xxxiv, 395.

— —, —, in mica schist, probable age of, C. Lyell, xlvii, 214.

— at Mt. Lebanon, Syria, beds of, xxviii, 32.

— in Negropont, Grecian Archipelago, xxxi, 176.

— in New York, in the Catskills, vi, 95.

— —, Washington Co., A. Eaton, xvi, 299.

— —, connection of, with coal beds of Pennsylvania, xix, 21.

— in Nova Scotia, bituminous, xv, 149.

— —, the coal formation, C. Lyell, xlv, 356.

— —, upright trees in strata, C. Lyell, xlv, 353.

— in Ohio, i, 227, 239.

— —, observations on, S. P. Hildreth, xiii, 38.

— —, deposits of the Ohio valley, xxix, 1, 123.

— —, of the falls of the Cuyahoga, xxxi, 47.^f

— —, of Newcastle, xxxi, 63.

— —, of Coshocton, xxxi, 69.

— —, bituminous, near Waterford and Zanesville, xxv, 220, 229.

— —, extent of beds in, xxxiv, 348, 357.

— —, Zanesville, vegetable impressions in, E. Granger, iii, 5.^f

— —, cannel, xviii, 376.

— —, —, in Licking Co., xxxi, 79.

— —, —, in Guernsey Co., xxix, 39.

— of Panama isthmus, xliii, 207.

— in Pennsylvania, beds of, remarks on, S. W. Pomeroy, xxi, 342.

— —, —, the equivalent of those of Europe, A. Eaton, xxiii, 399.

— —, —, in southern, with analyses, M. C. Lea, xl, 370.

— —, model of the southern field of, R. C. Taylor, xli, 80.^f

— —, on the general character, limits and relations of the beds, J. Hall, xlii, 52.

— —, on the anthracite, xi, 91.

— —, —, J. Pierce, xii, 55.

— —, —, of the Belmont mines, Penn., xii, 301.

— —, —, mine of Carbondale, xviii, 319.

— —, — —, of Mauch Chunk, B. Silliman, xix, 12.^f

— —, beds of, ibid, notice of, xx, 163.

— in Pennsylvania; mines of Wyoming valley, Z. Cist, iv, 1.^f

— —, —, of Wyoming, on the rocks accompanying, vii, 260.

— —, —, of Wyoming and Lackawanna valleys, account of, B. Silliman, xviii, 308.^f

— —, on Tioga river, analysis and description of, W. Meade, xiii, 32.

— —, in the Monongahela valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 58.^f

— —, Carbon Creek deposit, some account of, W. R. Johnson, xxxix, 137.

— —, ibid, analysis of coal from, xxxix, 139.

— —, bituminous, xii, 69.

— —, —, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 77.

— —, Lehigh company, xxiv, 173.

— in Rhode Island, anthracite, on the uses and characters of, B. Silliman, xi, 78.

— —, C. T. Jackson, xl, 187.

— in Tennessee, xxix, 141; xxx, 391.

— in Virginia, beds of, J. Grammer, i, 125.

— —, bituminous, remarks on, J. Pierce, xi, 54.

— —, mines near Richmond, statistical and geological account of, A. S. Wooldridge, xliii, 1.

— —, bituminous, of Chesterfield Co., analysis of, B. Silliman and O. P. Hubbard, xlii, 369.

— —, Kenawha valley, xxix, 108^f, 109.^f

— —, Wheeling, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 80.^f

— —, porous anthracite or natural coke, W. B. Rogers, xliii, 175.

— in eastern Virginia, of the lower oolite epoch, W. B. Rogers, xliii, 175.

— of the Western states, characters, limits, &c. of the beds, J. Hall, xlii, 52.

— mines, explosions in American, xxxvii, 387.

— —, accident in the Bovey, in consequence of the compression of the air, xvii, 38.

— —, burning of, at New Sauchie, xix, 386.

— —, fire damp, at Newcastle, chemical examination of, E. Turner, xxxvii, 201.

Coast survey, U. States, xlix, 229.

Coat of mail, found in Vermont, xiii, 199.

Coates, B. H., on the Uvularia perfoliata, as a remedy for poisoned wounds, xxxv, 270.

Cobalt, modes of detecting, Prof. J. F. Dana, viii, 301.

—, spontaneous combustion of, xv, 188.

— and nickel, Döbereiner's mode of separating, v, 188.

— and nickel ores, of Chatham, Ct., analyses of, A. A. Hayes, xxi, 195.

—, [iron,] arsenical, of N. H., J. F. Dana, viii, 301.

—, oxide of, near Silver Bluff, S. Carolina, J. L. Smith, xlvii, 131; xlviii, 103.

— ores, analyses of two, Wöhler, xxxvi, 332.

— —, localities of, in Connecticut, vi, 209, 235; xxi, 195.

— —, in Maryland, iv, 283.

— —, in Missouri, xii, 378.

— —, in N. Hampshire, viii, 198, 301.

Coca of Peru, iii, 397.

Coccolite in N. York, v, 269; vii, 57; ix, 40, 250; xix, 224.

— in Canada, viii, 70.

Coffee, consumption of, in Europe, iv, 392.

—, the Astragalus balticus in Sweden, a substitute for, v, 180.

— tree, leaves of, used for tea, xlix, 401.

Coffin, J. H., secular acceleration of the moon's mean motion, xlvii, 324.^f

Cog-wheels, on the forms of, E. W. Blake, vii, 86.^f

Cohesion, experiments with soap bubbles on attraction of, J. Henry, xlviii, 216.

Coins, remarks on, and descriptions of some ancient, xxvii, 74.

— and medals, character and composition of, J. W. Draper, xxix, 157.

Coir fibre, used for ropes, xxi, 33.

Coke, natural, of Virginia, W. B. Rogers, xliii, 175.

Cold, effects of, ii, 177.

—, artificial, produced by mixed metals, xiii, 171.

—, —, a freezing mixture for, xii, 195.

—, extraordinary seasons of, N. Webster, xxviii, 183.

— at New Haven in 1766, 1767, xxviii, 183.

— at Hartford in 1780, xxviii, 186.

—, extreme, at Plattsburgh, N. Y., iii, 366; xi, 195.

— in Maine, 1817, mercury frozen by, xxxi, 161.

— on Lake Superior, ix, 395.

— of the winter of 1825-6, x, 399.

— of January, 1835, xxviii, 177.

— winter of 1837, 1838, in England, J. Lindley, xxix, 18.

Colden, Cadwallader, correspondence with Gronovius, Linnæus, &c., xliv, 85.

Collapse of a reservoir, R. Hare, xxxiii, 242.^f

Collins, Z., herbarium of, xxiii, 398.

Collinson, P., letters from, to C. Colden, xliv, 112.

Colombia, features of, R. Wright, xxxvii, 2.

—, river Orinoco, rise of, xxxvii, 2.

—, climate and seasons of, xxxvii, 2.

—, mists above 12000 feet, xxxvii, 3.

—, llamas and horses of, xxxvii, 14.

—, vegetation and productions of, xxxvii, 15.

Colophane, a tree affording an aromatic oil, ix, 386.

Colophonite, of Willsboro', N. Y., H. Seybert, v, 117.

Color of air and deep waters, and some other analogous fugitive colors, Count Xavier de Maistre, xxvi, 65.^f

— of opaline glass, xxvi, 66.

— of leaves in autumn, Macaire Prinsep's views respecting, xvi, 215.

— of the Raphael Tapestries, effect of light and air in restoring, xxxvii, 244.

— of the sea, due in part to iodine and bromine, xvii, 170.

— of wood of certain trees, change of, xviii, 404.

—, blue, from buck-wheat, xxii, 384.

—, carmine, produced on ivory by red lead on the under side, xxvi, 74.

—, increase of, when objects are seen with the head inverted, D. Brewster, xl, 343.

—, inability to distinguish, xl, 54.

Coloring matter for dyeing, experiments on, M. Persoz, xxiv, 380.

— — of the Lichen rocella, xviii, 151.

— materials for confectioners, xxii, 381.

Columbic acid, A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 166.

Columbite, investigations on, Rose, xlix, 228.

— from New Hampshire, large crystal of, C. U. Shepard, xvii, 357.^f

—, stanniferous, discovered in Massachusetts by C. U. Shepard, xvi, 220.^f

—, a large crystal of, from Middlelown, Conn., J. Johnston, xxx, 387.^f

—, localities of, in Connecticut, iv, 52; vi, 236; xxx, 387; xxxiii, 162.

—, in Mass., xvi, 220.^f

—, in New Hampshire, xvii, 357.

—, Torrelite of Thomson identical with, J. D. Dana, xxxii, 149.^f

Combustion, facts relating to, xxviii, 70.

—, observations on, S. Morey, xxv, 146.

— of chlorine by olefiant gas, x, 365.

— of coal strata, products of, viii, 382.

— with spongy platina discovered, vii, 387.

—, spontaneous, iii, 383; v, 201; xxii, 161; xxvii, 178.

—, —, of various substances described, J. Mease, xxxiii, 147.

— of ashes, xlii, 165.^f

Comet of 1819, ii, 374.

— of 1822, notice of, ix, 199, 367.

— of 1823, 1824, observations on, viii, 315.

—, Olbers's elements of, xiii, 189.

—, Biela's, notice of, xxiii, 390.

—, —, elements of, 1832, xxiv, 346; xxv, 191; xxviii, 398.

—, —, supposed possibility of collision with Encke's, xxiv, 346.

— of July, 1832, J. J. Littrow, xxiv, 348.

—, discov'd Ap. 8, 1834, xxvi, 402.

—, Halley's, 1835, xxix, 155.

—, —, E. Loomis, xxx, 209.

—, —, remarkable phenomena of, xxxv, 285.

—, Encke's, remarks on, xxiv, 346; xxxiii, 15; xxxv, 388.

—, —, notice of, xxxvii, 191.

—, Dec., 1839, Galle's first, notice of, xxxviii, 378; xl, 207.

—, Jan., 1840, Galle's second, notice of, xl, 40, 207.

—, March, 1840, Galle's third, notice of, xl, 207.

—, October, 1840, the third of 1840, Bremicker's, xl, 207.

—, of October, 1842, discovered by M. Laugier, xliv, 211.

—, great, of 1843, xliv, 412; xlv, 188^f, 229.

—, great, of 1843, elements of, S. C. Walker and E. O. Kendall, xlv, 188.^f

—, second of 1843, xlv, 230.

—, third of 1843, xlvi, 210.

—, De Vico's, xlviii, 219,6 402.

—, —, first seen in the U. States by H. L. Smith, xlvii, 419.

—, southern, of December, 1844, observations on, xlviii, 402; xlix, 220.

—, D'Arrest's, Dec. 28, 1844, xlviii, 403.

—, Mauvais's, xlix, 220.

—, second of 1845, xlix, 220.

—, third of 1845, xlix, 220.

—, on the observations of, P. J. Rodriguez, xvi, 94.^f

—, nature of, W. A. Norton, xlvi, 104.

—, on the tails of, x, 395; xxxiii, 5, 11.

—, —, W. Mitchell, xxxviii, 35; xl, 59.

—, —, of Halley's, B. F. Joslin, xxxi, 142, 324.

—, —, formation of, W. A. Norton, xlvi, 104.^f

—, possible collision of two, J. J. Littrow, xxiv, 346.

—, medal for discovery of, by the King of Denmark, xxiii, 391.

Commun, J. du, on the causes of fresh water springs, xiv, 174.^f

—, hypothesis on volcanoes and earthquakes, xv, 12.^f

—, — —, objections to, xv, 25.

—, — —, strictures on, xvi, 51.

Compass, mariner's, on the invention of, A. Humboldt, xl, 242.

—, microscopic, J. Locke, xxiii, 237.^f

—, surveyor's, improvements in, by T. Kendall, xix, 337.^f

—, pivots, on the use of native alloy for, xli, 67.

Complaisánts, on board a vessel in the Mediterranean, xvi, 171.

Compression of water, xiii, 189.

Comptonite, a new species, iv, 28.

Conant, M., a new magnetic instrument, xlix, 301.^f

Conchology, see Zoology, Mollusca.

Concretious, calcareous, in limestone, in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 283.^f

Condensation of gases, abstract of Faraday's experiments on, vii, 352.

— of sulphuretted hydrogen, vii, 352.

— of carbonic acid, vii, 354.

— of euchlorine, vii, 355.

— of nitrous oxide, vii, 355.

— of cyanogen, vii, 356.

— of ammonia, vii, 357.

— of muriatic acid, vii, 357.

— of chlorine, vii, 357.

— of gases, J. Torrey's experiments on carbonic, sulphurous and chloro-chromic acids, xxxv, 374; xxxvi, 394.^f

— —, J. K. Mitchell, xxxv, 346.^f

— —, Thilorier, xxxi, 163, 402, 404.

Conduction of water, W. W. Mather, xiii, 368.^f

— —, as shown by Murray's experiments, C. Dewey, xxviii, 151; xxxi, 246.

Confectionary, poisonous, xviii, 157.

Conglomerate mica slate, in Massachusetts, viii, 244.

—, Potomac marble, xxvi, 221^f; xxvii, 22.

Conic sections, new instrument for drawing the curves of, xv, 368.^f

— —, Prof. Benedict, xxxi, 258.^f

— —, problem in, Prof. Davies, vi, 280.^f

Conite, a new mineral species, ii, 354.

Connecticut, on coal in, i, 239; iii, 248; v, 44^f; xxxiii, 163.

—, geology of N. Haven and Litchfield Cos., B. Silliman, ii, 201.

—, geology of Salisbury, C. A. Lee, viii, 252.

—, geology of; trap and sandstone in junction at Wallingford, A. B. Chapin, xxvii, 104.^f

—, —, trap rocks, B. Silliman, xvii, 119.

—, —, section from Killingly to Haddam, W. W. Mather, xxi, 94.^f

—, —, report on, by C. U. Shepard, noticed, xxxiii, 151.

—, —, survey of, authorized, xxviii, 381.

—, ores of, see under names of the Metals.

— valley, rocks of, vii, 25.

— —, water courses and geology of, with account of terraces, ancient lakes, &c., xxii, 205.^f

— —, geological account of, E. Hitchcock, vi, 1^f, 201; vii, 1.^f

— —, vertebral remains in sandstone of, E. Hitchcock, xxix, 330.

— —, fossil footprints in, E. Hitchcock, xxix, 307^f; xxxi, 174; xxxii, 174; xli, 165; xlvii, 113, 292^f, 390; xlviii, 61.

— —, —, —, J. Deane, xlv, 178; xlvi, 73^f; xlvii, 381, 399; xlviii, 158^f; xlix, 79^f, 213.^f

— —, —, —, C. Lyell on, xlv, 394.

— —, —, —, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 201.

— Reserve, Ohio, notice of, xxxi, 21.

Conrad, T. A., notes on American geology, xxxv, 237.

—, on characteristic fossils, xxxv, 237, 246.

—, temperature of different geological epochs, xxxv, 239.

—, cause of the features of the U. States, xxxv, 244.

—, on the tertiary fossils of America, xxiii, 204, 339.

—, description of tertiary shells, in a paper by J. T. Hodge, xli, 344.^f

—, on the tertiary of the Atlantic coast, xxviii, 104, 280.^f

—, new fresh water shells of Alabama, Tennessee, &c., xxv, 338.^f

—, on the features of the transition or Silurian system, xxxv, 243.

—, on the condition and character of organic life in the transition epoch, xxxvi, 12.

—, characteristic fossils of the N. York rocks, xxxvi, 14.

—, on the Silurian strata, and the characteristic fossils, xxxviii, 86.

—, subdivision of the Silurian system in N. York, xlii, 229.

—, Calymene senaria, xlii, 230.

Conservatory at Boston, destruction of, by fire, xlvi, 214.

Continents, mean height above the sea, Humboldt, xlix, 397.

Conwell, C. C., chemical experiments on tobacco, xvii, 369.

—, on the passage of light through small apertures, xx, 350.

Conybeare and Phillips, outlines of the geology of England and Wales, vii, 203.

Cooking apparatus of Lemare, vi, 399.

Cooling of the earth, a dynamical cause in geology, W. W. Mather, xlix, 288.

Cooley, D., floral calendar, ii, 254.

Cooper, report on the fossil bones of Big Bone Lick, xx, 370.

Cooper, T., on the tests for arsenic, iv, 155.

—, disclaimer of, with regard to a fossil described by A. Eaton, xx, 413.

—, on volcanoes and volcanic substances, iv, 205.

Cooper's rotative piston, xvi, 313.^f

Copaiva balsam, a new preparation of, by G. W. Carpenter, xvi, 40.

Copal, notice of, xliv, 212.

—, solution of, aided by camphor, xiii, 174.

— varnish, Berzelius, xvii, 175.

Copernicus, monument to, at Warsaw, iv, 387.

Coprolites, in Connecticut valley, E. Hitchcock, xlvii, 113, 308.^f

— of birds, analysis of, S. L. Dana, xlviii, 46.

Copper, atomic weight of, xlviii, 402.

—, amount produced in Great Britain and Ireland, for the year ending June 30, 1822, viii, 390.

—, determination of, in a binoxide salt, xlvii, 193.

—, partial reduction of the binoxide of, by heat, xlviii, 184.

—, hydride of, A. Wurtz, xlviii, 185.

—, silvering of, xxiii, 386.

—, metallic, galvanic formation of, in a mineral vein, xxxiv, 44.

—, protoxide of, xxii, 353.

—, white, artificial, viii, 380.

—, Witting's test for, ix, 201.

—, tendency of iron to protect, when exposed to sea-water, xxv, 203.^f

—, foliaceous, of Vesuvius, xi, 267.

— and potash, sulphate of, xx, 195.

—, native, in Connecticut, i, 55; vi, 230; xxxiii, 160.

—, —, connection with trap in Connecticut and Michigan, xlvii, 132.

—, —, in drift, Massachusetts, E. Hitchcock, xlv, 331.

—, —, in N. Jersey, Summerville mine, v, 401; xxxvi, 107.

—, —, —, L. C. Beck, xlv, 331.

—, —, of Michigan, D. Houghton, xli, 185; xlv, 331, 332.

—, —, mass of, from Lake Superior, H. R. Schoolcraft, iii, 201.^f

—, —, —, presented to Yale College, xxvii, 381.

—, —, and silver, of Lake Superior, C. T. Jackson, xlix, 81.

—, —, in Missouri, iii, 71.

—, —, in the trap and amygdaloidal minerals of Nova Scotia, xv, 134; xxx, 350.

—, —, and ores of, in northern American, at the copper mountains, xvii, 8.

—, carbonate of, in Connecticut vi, 206.

—, —, in Massachusetts, i, 115; vi, 207.

—, —, in Michigan, xli, 185.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, i, 236; viii, 239.

—, crenate of, analysis, C. T. Jackson, xxxvii, 398.

—, oxides of, in Connecticut, vi, 206.

—, —, in Michigan, xli, 185.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, viii, 239.

—, sulphurets of, in Canada, viii, 47, 75.

—, —, in Connecticut, i, 316; vi, 206, 231; xxxiii, 160.

—, —, in Massachusetts, i, 115, 136, 437; vi, 207; x, 215; xxii, 61.

—, —, in Maryland, xviii, 80; xxvii, 20, 23.

—, —, in Michigan, xli, 185.

—, —, in New York, viii, 249.

—, —, in New Jersey, ii, 192, 198; v, 268.

—, —, in North Carolina, xli, 183, 348.

(See also under Copper mines.)

—, phosphate of, in New Jersey, v, 401.

—, silicate, in Michigan, xli, 185.

—, siliceous hydrate in New Jersey, G. T. Bowen, viii, 118.

— mines or ores in Massachusetts, account of, vi, 207; xxii, 61.

— —, at Strafford, Vt., xxi, 383.

— —, in Connecticut, at Cheshire, vi, 206;

–C. U. Shepard, xxxiii, 160.

— —, —, at Bristol, vi, 231.

— —, in Maryland, xxvii, 22.

— —, in N. Jersey, Schuyler's, v, 239.

— —, —, at Summerville, v, 401.

— —, ores and the minerals of the vicinity of New Brunswick, N. Jersey, L. C. Beck, xxxvi, 107.

— —, on Lake Superior, H. R. Schoolcraft, vii, 43.

— —, ibid, D. Ruggles, xlix, 64.^f

— —, ibid, C. T. Jackson, xlix, 81.

— —, ibid, D. Houghton, xli, 183.

— —, of Wisconsin and Missouri, J. T. Hodge, xliii, 381.

— —, Nova Scotia, xv, 152.

— —, of the Hartz, xix, 113.

— —, at Ekatherinenburg, xvii, 25.

— —, Rio Tinto, Spain, yield of, xxviii, 144.

— mountains, Northern America, xvii, 8.

— ores, on the roasting of, xxix, 374;

–in Sweden, xxviii, 145.

— sheathing of ships, on the corrosion of, H. Davy, ix, 207.

— —, causes of the destructibility of, Prideaux, xlii, 322.

Copperas manufactured at Stratford, Vt., viii, 180; xxi, 383.

— — from pyrites in Morris Co., N. J., v, 28.

Coralline agates in the West Indies, i, 141.

Corallines in chalk, xxxiii, 111; xxxix, 205.

Corals, opinion of Quoy and Gaymard on the depth at which they grow, xv, 357.

—, on the temperature limiting the distribution of, J. D. Dana, xlv, 130.

—, distribution of, indicates the areas of subsidence in the Pacific, J. D. Dana, xlv, 131.^f

—, fossil, see Zoology Radiata.

Coral islands, area of subsidence during the formation of Pacific, J. D. Dana, xlv, 131.^f

— limestone in Ceylon, vi, 194.

— shores of Florida, xxxv, 60.

— limestone raised, in Dominica and other West Indian islands, iv, 218.

— and shell rock of St. Croix, xxxv, 71.

— reefs, formation of, B. Hall, xiv, 207.

Corda, A. J. C., on the impregnation of plants, xxxi, 317.^f

Cordage, on the vegetable materials used for, J. Mease, xxi, 27.

—, material for, from the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371.

—, from Manilla hemp, xli, 200.^f

—, and nets, strengthened by a solution of glue with oak bark, xxvi, 186.

Cornelius, E., geology, mineralogy, &c., of part of Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi, i, 214, 317.^f

—, singular position of a granite rock, ii, 200.^f

Cornuti's plants of Canada, ix, 265.

Corpo Santo, instances of, xvi, 171.

Corrosive sublimate, antidote of, iii, 374.

— —, detection of, xvii, 181; xxiii, 207.

— —, decomposition of, by vegetable substances, xvii, 385.

— —, solubility in ether, xvi, 399.

Corundum, in Connecticut, vi, 219.

—, in New Jersey, xiii, 380; xxi, 319.

—, in North Carolina, iii, 4, 229.

Cosmogony of Moses, xxv, 26.

—, Mosaic, critical interpretation of barah and asah, N. Webster, xxxv, 375.

Costa, E. M. da., notice of, C. Fox, xxxvii, 155.

Cotarnine, xlix, 205.

Côteau des Prairies, G. Catlin, xxxviii, 138.

—, red clay or Catlinite of, C. T. Jackson, xxxv, 388; xxxvii, 393.

Cotton, use of, in dressing wounds, xxi, 159.

—, cloth, see Cloth.

—, gin, invention of, by E. Whitney, xxi, 209.

—, seed, illuminating gas from, D. Olmsted, viii, 294; x, 362.

—, plant, importance of cultivating it, iv, 86.

—, —, remarks on the cultivation of, with reference to growing it in India, xxxviii, 131.

—, stuffs, singeing by the gas flame, x, 359.

—, trade, commencement of, in the United States, xxi, 252.

—, case of treatment by, xxiii, 198.

Couthouy, J. P., remarks on icebergs, xliii, 154.

—, remarks on the distribution of corals, as determined by temperature, xlvii, 123.

—, on a charge made by J. D. Dana, xlv, 378; xlvii, 122.

Couzeranite, description and analysis of, xvii, 183.

Cow tree of Venezuela, xix, 370.

Cowry, money, xxxii, 250.

Crag of Norfolk and Suffolk, fossil vertebrated animals of, xxxi, 339.

Craigleith quarry fossil tree, xxviii, 390.

Cram, T. J., length of a degree, oblateness of the earth and planets, reduction of latitude, xxxi, 222.^f

Cramp, cure for, xxx, 169.

Crania, new work on American, proposed, S. G. Morton, xxxii, 207.

—, ibid, review of, xxxviii, 341.

—, American, characteristics of, xlvii, 408.

—, Ægyptiaca, S. G. Morton, notice of, xlvii, 205.

—, ancient Egyptian, S. G. Morton, xlviii, 268.

—, internal capacity in different races of men, S. G. Morton, xxxviii, 373.

Crank motion, A. B. Quinby, vii, 316^f; ix, 317; xi, 338^f; xii, 124^f, 344^f; xiii, 73, 356.

— —, remarks in reply to Mr. Quinby, viii, 279; xii, 338^f; xiii, 75, 350.

— —, I. Doolittle, xii, 367; xiv, 60.^f

Crayons, red, manufacture of, xvii 187.

Crenate of copper, native, C. T. Jackson, xxxvii, 398.

Crenic acid, and apocrenic acid, in water, Berzelius, xxviii, 121.

Creosote, M. Liebig, xxviii, 131.

Cretaceous (ferruginous sand) fossils, U. States, S. G. Morton, xvii, 274, 290; xviii, 243, 250^f; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128^f; xlviii, 267.

— formation of the U. States, a division in, S. G. Morton, xxviii, 277.

— —, review of Morton's Synopsis of the fossils of, xxvii, 377.

— — of the U. States, E. Hitchcock, xli, 246, 265.

— — in South America, xli, 265.

— — in America, extent of, C. G. Ehrenberg, xlvi, 307.

— — of the Upper Missouri, Nicollet, xli, 180; xlv, 153.

— strata of New Jersey, C. Lyell, xlvii, 213.

— — of New Jersey, (green-sand) foraminifera in, xli, 213.

— — of New Jersey, fossil crocodile in, S. G. Morton, xlviii, 265.^f

— formation in N. Jersey, list of fossils in, S. G. Morton, xlviii, 267.

— period in United States, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 251.

Crichtonite in Connecticut, xxxv, 179.

—, (variety Washingtonite) in Connecticut, C. U. Shepard, xliii, 364.^f

—, in Rhode Island, xxxv, 180.

Crinoidea, general remarks on the characters and geological position of, J. Hall, xlv, 349.

—, see farther, Zoology, Radiata.

Crocodile, fossil, in New Jersey, xvii, 289; xxvii, 353; xlviii, 265.^f

Croom, H. B., plants from Florida, xxv, 74.

—, botanical communications, including botany of Middle Florida, xxvi, 313.

—, new localities of plants at the South, with notes and descriptions, xxviii, 165.

—, organic remains in the marl pits of North Carolina, xxvii, 168.

Crotalus reliquus, A. Eaton, xx, 122.^f

Crosse, some account of galvanic apparatus of, xxxii, 372; xxxv, 125.^f

—, supposed production of animal life, xxxii, 374^f; xxxiii, 272.

—, production of crystals and certain insects, xxxv, 125.^f

—, Acari of, xxxii, 374^f; xxxv, 125^f; xlix, 227.

—, —, experiments of W. H. Weekes in the production of, xliii, 395.

Crucible, improved, viii, 389.

—, for glass houses, on the manufacture of, xvi, 112.

—, for fusion, xxiii, 384.

Crustaceans in Palæozoic rocks, J. Phillips, xlii, 326.

—, see farther under Zoology, Articulata.

Cryophorus, Wollaston's, vii, 140.

—, improved, R. Hare, xxxiii, 244.^f

Crystals, compound, formation of, J. D. Dana, xxx, 275.^f

—, drawing of figures of, J. D. Dana, xxxiii, 30.^f

—, models, of mica, xxxviii, 187.

—, a new fluid in, vii, 186.

—, two new fluids in, xii, 214.^f

—, naphtha in, C. Dewey, i, 345.

—, pseudomorphous, see Pseudomorphous.

—, cause of double refraction in, xxi, 299.

—, with rounded angles and bent, in New York, deductions from, L. C. Beck, xlvi, 333.

— in plants, discovered by Turpin, xix, 177; xx, 382.

— —, of oxalate of lime, Turpin, xxi, 372.

— —, J. W. Bailey, xlv, 149; xlviii, 17.^f

— in geodes, facts tending to illustrate the formation of, viii, 282.

— —, ibid, J. D. Dana, xlix, 52.

—, rotation of, while forming, indicating polarity, as seen under the solar microscope, B. F. Joslin, xxxv, 150.

— of Andalusite from Westford, Mass., xlvi, 381.^f

— of apatite, bent and rounded, xlv, 143; xlvi, 365.^f

— of anatase, xlvii, 215.^f

— of Beaumontite, xlvi, 234.^f

— of beryl, from Haddam, viii, 395; xl, 401^f; xlvi, 381.^f

— —, from Monroe, Ct., bent, xlvi, 366.^f

— of calc spar, from Rossie, N. Y., J. D. Dana, xlvi, 33.^f

— of chondrodite, xlvi, 381.^f

— of Christianite, (anorthite,) xi, 261.^f

— of chromic oxide, xxviii, 396.

— of Columbite, xvi, 220^f; xvii, 357^f; xxx, 387.^f

— of Danaite, xlvi, 384.^f

— of datholite, of Roaring Brook, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 380.^f

— of epidote, from Haddam, Ct., xlvi, 381.^f

— —, from Franconia, C. U. Shepard, xviii, 129.^f

— of eremite, C. U. Shepard, xxxii, 341.

— —, J. D. Dana, xxxiii, 70^f; xlv, 402.^f

— of galena, Rossie, xlvi, 366.^f

— of Haydenite, xlvi, 379.^f

— of Heulandite, of Paterson and Bound Brook, N. J., L. C. Beck, xliv, 59.^f

— of Humboldtilite, xi, 251.^f

— of idocrase, from Amherst, N. H., xlvi, 381.^f

— of iodic acid, xx, 185.

— of iodine, xvii, 168; xviii, 84.^f

— of iron, magnetic, distorted, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 365.^f

— of Lederite, C. U. Shepard, xxxix, 357.^f

— —, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 36^f; xlviii, 180.

— of ferro-silicate of manganese, from Rhode Island, C. U. Shepard, xvii, 142.^f

— of microlite, C. U. Shepard, xxvii, 361.

— of pyrites, Rossie, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 36.^f

— of quartz, bent, xlvi, 366.^f

— —, soft, from Carara, Italy, v, 394.

— —, distorted, xlvi, 365.^f

— —, containing globules of water, from Elba, iv, 27.

— —, ibid, in U. States, ii, 14; ix, 246.

— —, containing naphtha, C. Dewey, i, 345.

— of serpentine, of Warwick, N. Y., ix, 242.

— of Sillimanite, xlvi, 382.^f

— of snow, ii, 337^f; iii, 367.^f

— of staurotide, macle, C. T. Jackson, xlvi, 368.^f

— of topaz, distribution of coloring matter in, and optical properties of, vii, 364.

— of zircon, tesselated, J. D. Dana, xlvi, 36.^f

Crystalline forms, two, presented by the same substance, viii, 378; xlvi, 370.

—, substances from the juice of plants, xi, 391.

Crystallization, tendency to, in matter, xix, 381.

—, on the influence of air on, M. Graham, xvii, 373.

— effected by the action of weak electric forces, M. Becquerel, xvii, 383; xxviii, 291.

— — ibid, G. Bird, xxxiii, 267.

— — —, A. Crosse, xxxv, 125.^f

—, an instance of instantaneous, J. Green, iii, 93.

— of snow, J. Green, ii, 337.^f

—, curved, of gypsum, Mammoth Cave, Ky., J. Locke, xlii, 206.^f

— the cause of the schistose structure and cleavage of some rocks, J. D. Dana, xlv, 105.

— of carbonate of potash, viii, 181.

— of the carburets, S. Brown, xxxviii, 118.

— of oil of sassafras, remarkable, A. A. Hayes, xx, 128.

— of water, light from, xxvi, 178.

Cuba, coal mines in, J. H. Blake, xlii, 388.

—, fossils of, supposed to be oolitic, J. Lea, xl, 41.

—, meteorological observations in, J. H. Blake, xlii, 292.

Culmites, vii, 180.

Cummingtonite, named and described, C. Dewey, viii, 59.

—, locality in Massachusetts, viii, 233; ix, 43, 54.

Cunningham, R., obituary notice of, xxxii, 215.

Cupellation, new method of, W. W. Mather, xxxv, 321.

—, a mode of, G. Engelmann, xlii, 394.

Currents in water, remarks on the causes of, A. W. Carson, xxix, 340.^f

— —, a fact relating to, C. Rumker, xx, 180.

— —, evidences of them over the surface of the earth, xi, 100.

—, oceanic, v, 132.

—, —, and temperature, xxv, 130.

—, —, from the north polar regions in the Atlantic, Wm. C. Redfield, xxxii, 349; xlviii, 373.^f

—, —, ibid, ice boulders and pebbles, transported by, xxxii, 351; xlviii, 373.^f

—, —, ibid, influence of, on the Gulf Stream, W. C. Redfield, xlviii, 381.

—, —, Gulf Stream, its limits and relation to the north polar current, W. C. Redfield, xxxii, 349; xlviii, 381.

—, —, of the Atlantic, iv, 390.

—, —, —, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 295.

—, —, —, causes of, and influence in producing the sedimentary rocks of the United States, W. W. Mather, xlix, 1.

—, of the Southern and Pacific oceans, xlv, 299.

—, atmospheric, see Winds.

Curtis, M. A., new and rare plants of N. Carolina, xliv, 80.

—, botanical labors of, xlii, 12.

Curves for arches, method of describing, J. Thomson, xxiv, 73.^f

—, of conic sections, instruments for drawing, xv, 368.^f

—, of tri-section, W. Allen, iv, 343.^f

Cuscutineæ, monograph of North American, G. Engelmann, xliii, 333^f; xlv, 73.^f

Cutbush, J., on the formation of cyanogen, vi, 149.

—, on the composition and properties of the Chinese fire, and on the so-called brilliant fires, vii, 118.

—, an improvement in the electrical lamp, ii, 332.

—, on the Greek fire, vi, 302.

Cuvier, G., essay of, on the theory of the earth, noticed, i, 68.

—, on the freshwater formations of Paris and Rome, vi, 381.

—, memoir of, by A. De Candolle, xxiii, 303.

—, statue of, at Montbeliard, xxx, 184.

Cuyahoga, falls of, xxxi, 45.^f

Cyanhydric acid (or prussic,) Magendie on, ii, 81.

— —, memoir on, by B. L. Oliver, iii, 182.

— —, —, by M. Orfila, xviii, 157.

— —, apparatus for the evolution of, R. Hare, xxix, 244.^f

— —, extraordinary production of, A. A. Hayes, xviii, 201.

— —, preservation of, xvi, 260.

— —, effect of muriatic and sulphuric acids on, xviii, 146.

— —, cases in which administered, iii, 187.

— —, efficacy in asthma, vi, 366.

— —, effects of, on a horse, xii, 385.

— —, effects of, on vegetation, x, 190.

— —, chlorine an antidote for, xvii, 174; xxi, 157.

Cyanic acid, xvi, 258.

Cyanide of gold, a new, xlviii, 191.

—, of potassium, xviii, 329.

—, —, preparation of, Liebig, xlvi, 202.

Cyanobenzoyle, xxvi, 273.

Cyanogen, formation of, Dr. Cutbush, vi, 149.

—, perchloride of, xvi, 257.

—, compounds of, W. H. Ellet, xviii, 329.

—, sulphuret of, xix, 378.

—, remarks on, xlvii, 192.

Cyathocrinites pyriformis, xlviii, 314.^f

D.

Daggett, H., on the cutting of steel by soft iron, vi, 336.

Daguerrotype process, Daguerre's, xxxvii, 374; xxxviii, 97.

— —, improvement in, F. A. P. Barnard, xli, 352.

— — and its applications, W. H. Goode, xl, 137.

— experiment by galvanic light, B. Silliman, Jr. and W. H. Goode, xliii, 185.

— pictures, mode of fixing, engraving, and printing from, Dr. Berres, xxxix, 385.

—, see farther under Photography.

Dahlias, notes concerning, xxiv, 208.

Daltonism, remarks on, Prof. Wartmann, xlii, 162.

Dalyell, J. G., on the propagation of Scottish Zoophytes, xxviii, 77.

Dams, vibrating, account of, E. Loomis, xlv, 363.^f

—, time of vibration calculated from the dimensions of, xlv, 373.

Damascus cutlery, v, 182.

Dana, J. D., description of the Argulus Catostomi, xxxi, 297.^f

—, — of the Caligus Americanus, xxxiv, 225.^f

—, — of two species of Hydrachna, xxx, 354.^f

—, metamorphosis of Anatifæ, and their relation to Crustacea, xlv, 335.

—, classification of minerals, xlvi, 374.

—, drawing of figures of crystals, xxxiii, 30.^f

—, crystallographic symbols, xxviii, 250.

—, on the formation of twin crystals, xxx, 275.^f

—, crystallization of the so-called Edwardsite, (monazite,) xxxiii, 202.^f

—, crystals of quartz, magnetic iron, apatite, and calc spar, distorted, xlvi, 365.^f

—, — pyrites, Rossie, xlvi, 36.^f

—, — datholite, xlvi, 380.^f

—, — zircon, tesselated, xlvi, 36.^f

—, eremite identical with monazite, xlv, 402.^f

—, Torrelite identical with Columbite, xxxii, 149.^f

—, measurement of Lederite, showing its identity with sphene, xlviii, 180.

—, minerals in crystallized limestones, produced by heat acting on constituents and impurities of non-crystallized limestones, xlvii, 135.

—, origin of the constituent and adventitious minerals of trap rocks, xlix, 49.

—, — of boracic acid in native borates, xlix, 61.

—, — of mountains, xlv, 128.

—, — of serpentine, xlv, 120.

—, — of zeolites, xlv, 116.

—, observations on pseudomorphism, xlviii, 81, 397.

—, on the analogies between modern igneous rocks, and the so-called primary formations, xlv, 104.

—, schistose structure due to state of crystallization of constituents, xlv, 105.

—, temperature limiting the distribution of corals, xlv, 130, 310.

—, areas of subsidence in the Pacific, indicated by the distribution of coral islands, xlv, 131^f, 310.

—, notice of Vesuvius, in 1834, xxvii, 281.

—, withdrawal of a charge against J. P. Couthouy, xlvii, 122.

—, reply to Mr. Couthouy, xlvi, 129.

—, System of Mineralogy by, reviewed, xlvi, 362.^f

Dana, J. F., on arsenical cobalt, and the modes of detecting cobalt, viii, 301.

—, on cantharadin in the Lytta vittata, or potato fly, ii, 137.

—, chemical examination of some morbid animal products, iv, 149.

—, on the connexion of heat, electricity and magnetism, vi, 163.^f

—, concretion from the tonsil, vi, 165.

—, electrical battery, i, 292.^f

—, preparation of euchlorine, vi, 164.

—, galvano-magnetic apparatus by, vi, 330.^f

—, theory of the action of nitrous gas in eudiometry, vii, 338.

—, effect of vapor on flame, i, 401.

—, on the wax of the Myrica cerifera, i, 294.

Dana, S. L., analyses of coprolites, xlviii, 46.

—, on the indigo of commerce, xlii, 320.

Danaite, analysis of, A. A. Hayes, xxiv, 386.

—, identical with mispickel, xlvi, 384.^f

Danburite, analysis of, C. U. Shepard, xxxv, 137.

Darlington, W., pluviometrical observations at Westchester, Penn., vi, 326.

—, note on Cardamine rotundifolia, xviii, 356.

—, importance of the grasses to man, xli, 365.

Darling, N., hurricane in New England, Sept., 1815, xlii, 243.

Datholite, crystal from Roaring Brook, Ct., J. D. Dana, xlvi, 380.^f

—, in Connecticut, xxii, 389; xlvi, 380.^f

—, in New Jersey, ii, 191, 369; v, 400; xl, 69; xliv, 58.

—, in New York, xliv, 58.

Daubeny, C., on the climate of N. America, xxxv, 288.

—, disintegration of the dolomites of the Tyrol, xlii, 321.

—, remarks on iodine and bromine in mineral waters, xxi, 366.

—, geology of N. America, xli, 195.

—, on the thermal springs of N. America, xxxvi, 88.

—, quantity of salt in seawater, xxxvi, 188.

—, on manures as stimulants to vegetation, xlii, 319.

—, effect of arsenic on vegetation, xxxi, 346.

Daubuisson's Elements of Geology announced, ii, 166.

Davenport's rotating electro-magnetic machine, xxxii, appendix after 216.

—, electro-magnetic machine, xxxiii, 193.

Davies, C., demonstration of a problem in conic sections, vi, 280.^f

Davyne, analysis and figure of, xi, 255.^f

Day, possible variation in the length of, W. W. Mather, xlvi, 344.

Day, G. E., on the restoration of the deaf and dumb to hearing, xxx, 301.

Dead animals, means of employing, M. Payen, xxiv, 326.

—, bodies, preservation of, i, 307.

—, Sea, observations on, ix, 349.

—, —, level of, xl, 213.

—, —, barometrical observations made to determine the level of, xlii, 214.

—, —, account of, J. D. Sherwood, xlviii, 1.

—, —, analysis of waters of, xiii, 395; B. Silliman, Jr., xlviii, 10.

Deaf and dumb, observations on the language of signs for, by S. Akerly, viii, 348.

Deafness, cure of, ix, 204; xxx, 301.

Deane, J., auroral arch in Vermont, xxxv, 380.

—, fossil footmarks of Turner's falls, Mass., xlvi, 73.^f

—, — — the ornithichnites of the Connecticut river sandstone, xlv, 178.

—, — — in the Connecticut valley, xlvii, 381; xlviii, 158^f; xlix, 213.^f

—, — —, reply to E. Hitchcock, xlvii, 399.

—, — and rain drops, xlix, 213.^f

—, — —, new species of Batrachian, xlix, 79.^f

Dearborn, H. A. S., on the changes of level in the North American lakes, xvi, 78.^f

Deaths, monthly, among infants in France, xix, 192.

—, statistics of, among the white troops in the West Indies, xxxvii, 196.

—, see Obituary.

De Candolle, A. P., biographical notice of, G. B. Emerson, xlii, 217.

—, anecdote of, iv, 388.

—, Species Plantarum announced, i, 435.

Deccan, geology, &c. of, xxxiii, 274.

Decomposition of vegetable and animal substances, most favorable circumstances for, xv, 182.

Decrepitation, cause of, M. Baudrimont, xxxi, 162.

Definitions, remarks on, D. Wilkie, xxx, 28, 266; xxxi, 88, 236.

Deflagrator, Hare's, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94.^f

—, and calorimotor, their relations to one another, and to other galvanic instruments, vi, 337.

—, its improved forms, deflagrating power, anomalous polarity, R. Hare, vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181.

—, galvanic, R. Hare, xl, 48.

—, improved form of, M. Faraday, xxxii, 170.

Degradation of greenstone in the Connecticut valley, vi, 55.

— in western New York, G. E. Hayes, xxxv, 88.

De la Beche, H. T., rocks of Europe, classification of, xviii, 26.

De Lalande, notice of, iv, 381.

—, prizes founded by, xxv, 190.

De la Rive, A., galvanic instrument by, v, 395.

—, and Macaire, experiments on muriatic acid, xi, 393.

—, present state (1833) of the principles in electricity, xxvi, 175.

—, on electro-magnetic currents, xxxiv, 6.

De la Rue, W., structure of electro-precipitated metals, xlix, 390.

Delirium, Dwight's cases of, i, 431.

Del Rio, A., in reply to Prof. Shepard, xxx, 384.

—, reply of Prof. Shepard to, xxxi, 131.

De Luc's column, on the construction of, R. Hare, xxv, 136.^f

De Kay, J. E., on the Pennatula sagitta of Lamarck, iv, 87.^f

—, on the supposed transportation of rocks, xiii, 348.

—, report on the bones of Big Bone Lick, xx, 370.

—, report on the fishes of New York, notice of, D. H. Storer, xlv, 275.

Denderah, zodiac of, removed to France, v, 191; vi, 200.

Dent, E. J., a portable mercurial pendulum, xxxv, 289.

—, on the errors of chronometers and on a new compensation-balance, xlv, 83.^f

Denudation by Long Lake and Mud Lake, Vt., xi, 39.^f

Descartes, theory of, xxxiii, 3.

—, head, presented to the French Institute, iv, 390.

Deserts, origin of, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 134; xxxiii, 261.

Desfontaines, life and writings of, xxvii, 201.

Deshayes, Tertiary Fossils, Cuvier and Brongniart's report on, xxiii, 196.

Desmarest, A. G., notice of, xxxvii, 124.

Despretz, C., on crystallizable acetic acid, xxvii, 197.

Detection of adulterations in alcohol, xix, 71.

— — in ammonia, xix, 72.

— — in arrow root, xix, 72.

— — in calomel, xix, 72.

— — in castor oil, xix, 77.

— — in chromate of lead, xix, 73.

— — in copaiva, xix, 73.

— — in iodide of potassium, xix, 74.

— — in lemon juice, xix, 75.

— — in morphine, xix, 75.

— — in oil of sweet almonds, xix, 76.

— — —, of olives, xix, 76.

— — in peroxide of manganese, xix, 78.

— — in Peruvian bark, xix, 81.

— — in phosphate of soda, xix, 82.

— — in prussic acid, xix, 70.

— — in soda, xix, 83.

— — in sulphate of magnesia, xix, 84.

— — in sulphate of quinine, xix, 84.

— — in tartrate of potash, xix, 85.

— — in tartar emetic, xix, 86.

— — in vinegar, xix, 86.

— of arsenic, iii, 354; iv, 155; xliv, 213.

— —, L. Feuchtwanger on, xix, 339.^f

— —, Riench's mode, xliv, 240.

— —, J. L. Smith on, xl, 278; xlii, 75.^f

Devonshire, structure of, Sedgwick and Murchison, xxxi, 349^f; xxxiii, 85.

—, lines of dislocation in, De la Beche, xxi, 354.

Dewpoint, remarks on, A. A. Hayes, xviii, 63.

Dewey, C., aurora borealis at Rochester, N.Y., July, 1837, xxxiii, 143.

—, — — of Sept., 1839, xxxviii, 146.

—, an early autumn indicated by the indigenous plants which blossom late, ii, 255.

—, on making meteorological observations, xi, 59.

—, sunsets in the west, xxxviii, 151; xlii, 200.

—, temperature of Lake Ontario, xxxvii, 242.

—, caricography by, vii, 264; viii, 93, 264; ix, 60, 257; x, 30, 265; xi, 147, 304; xii, 296; xiv, 351; xxv, 140; xxvi, 107, 376; xxvii, 236; xxviii, 270; xxix, 245; xxx, 59; xxxix, 50; xliii, 90; xlviii, 140; xlix, 42.

—, carices in the herbarium of Muhlenberg, xxv, 143.

—, — collected in Arctic America, xxvii, 240.

—, on the conduction of water, xxviii, 151; xxxi, 266.

—, on crystallized steatite, and ores of iron and manganese, v, 249.

—, hydrargillite, iii, 239.

—, Wavellite, from Richmond, Mass., ii, 249; iii, 239.

—, analyses of argentine and crystallized steatite, vi, 333.

—, mineralogy and geology of Williamstown, Mass., i, 337.

—, geology and mineralogy of part of Massachusetts, and some portions of the adjoining states, viii, 1^f, 240.

—, geological section from Taconick range in Williamstown, to Troy, ii, 246.

—, notice of the flexible or elastic marble of Berkshire Co., Mass., ix, 241.

—, on the polished limestone of Rochester, xxxvii, 240.

—, striæ and furrows of the polished rocks of western N. York, xliv, 146.

—, singular conformation of limestone, ix, 19.^f

—, on the rocks of New York, xxxiii, 121.

—, naphtha in quartz crystals, i, 345.

Deweylite from Middlefield, Mass., analysis of, C. U. Shepard, xviii, 81.

—, analysis of, T. Thomson, xxxi, 173.

De Witt, S., mode of drawing ellipses, xxiv, 369.^f

—, a conical raingauge, xxii, 321.^f

—, obituary notice of, xxvii, 395.

Diabetes, cause of, xlix, 202.

Diabetic urine, to detect sugar in, xlix, 200.

Diallage allied to Augite, xx, 168.

—, in Connecticut, vi, 227.

Diamonds at Algiers, xxviii, 394.

—, pretended artificial, xvi, 394.

—, matrix of, D. Brewster, xxix, 366.

—, on the origin and the use of, xvii, 372.

—, remarkable, v, 175.

—, new structure in, D. Brewster, xxxiv, 37.

—, supposed locality in the United States, xxix, 394.

— mines of Russia, xix, 199.

Diamond Hill, N. Y., ii, 13.

Diathermancy, M. Melloni, xxvii, 228; xl, 313.

Dichroism of the palladio-chlorides of potassium and ammonium, xliv, 165.

Dickson, J., geology and mineralogy of parts of N. and S. Carolina, iii, 1.

Dicobune, xxxvii, 232.

Dictionary of Anamitic and Latin, Taberd, xl, 43.

—, Morrison's Chinese, iii, 377.

— of ancient and modern Greek, in course of publication, iii, 381.

Didymium, a new metal, xliii, 404.

— and cerium, method of separating the oxides of, xlvi, 206.

Differential calculus, on the first principles of, T. Strong, xlv, 269.

—, equations of the second order, integration of, xlii, 273.

Dikes, observed to have a crescent shape in Connecticut, J. G. Percival, xlvi, 205.

— of trap, cause of crescent form, H. D. Rogers, xlv, 334.

— —, in the Connecticut valley, vi, 47, 56.^f

— —, of Maine, of four different ages, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 145.

— —, in Massachusetts, near Lowell, and at Nahant, &c., xxvii, 342.

— —, in Michigan, D. Houghton, xli, 184.

— —, in granite, New Hampshire, numerous, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 105.^f

— —, or natural walls, of Rowan, N. C., xiv, 242.

— —, in Montgomery, Vt., xxii, 189.

— —, connection of, with the iron ores of Essex Co., N. Y., E. Emmons, xl, 81.

— —, effect on limestone, xxix, 351.

— —, action on mica slate, xxvii, 343.

— of porphyry in Nova Scotia, xv, 203, 213.

Dilatation of gases, V. Regnault, xliv, 63.

Diluvial action, in Sullivan Co., N. Y., facts relating to, W. A. Thompson, xxiii, 243.

— scratches, see Scratches.

Dimorphism, viii, 378; xlvi, 370.

Dinornis, notice of, G. A. Mantell, xlv, 184, 188.

—, —, and on the Ornithichnites, R. Owen, xlv, 185; xlviii, 194.

—, bearing of, on the subject of fossil footprints, xlviii, 199.

Dinotherium, R. Harlan, xli, 178.

Diophantine problems, solutions of two, T. Strong, xxxi, 156.

Dioptase, analysis of, Damour, xlvii, 216.

Dip, magnetic, daily variation in, M. Kupffer, xxv, 194.

—, —, in different regions, T. H. Perry, xlvii, 84.

—, —, at St. Petersburg, xxi, 382.

—, —, in the U. States, xl, 380.

—, —, ibid, J. Locke, xxxix, 319; xl, 149; xli, 15.

—, —, ibid, E. Loomis, xxxiv, 290^f; xxxix, 41^f; xliii, 93.

—, —, at Baltimore, J. Locke and Nicollet, xlii, 238.

—, —, at Baltimore and Philadelphia, A. D. Bache, xl, 375.

—, —, at Nantucket, Mass., W. Mitchell, xlvi, 157.

—, —, in Ohio and Michigan, E. Loomis, xxxviii, 397.

Diplomatic cipher, new, iv, 377.

Dipping compass, on the manipulations of, J. Locke, xlii, 235.

— needle, theory of adjusting, T. H. Perry, xxxvii, 277.

— —, see Magnetic Needle.

Dipyre, xlvii, 417.

Disease among shell fish, S. P. Hildreth, xxxii, 97.^f

Disinfection by means of alkaline chlorides, xiii, 169.

— — of alcohol, xiii, 174.

Disintegration of the dolomites of the Tyrol, Daubeny, xlii, 321.

Dislocations, lines of, in Devonshire, De la Beche, xxxi, 354.

— of strata in the U. States, E. Hitchcock, xli, 268.

Diving bell, descents in, at Portsmouth, N. H., T. Alden, xxii, 325.

— —, heat during descent in, xxv, 196.

Divining rod, iii, 102; xi, 201.^f

Divisibility of a finite quantity of matter, on the infinite, S. Clark, ix, 356.

—, remarks on, x, 99.

Dix, D. L., notice of the Aranea aculeata, Philæna antiqua, and some Papiliones, xix, 61.^f

Dixon's manufacture of lead pots, xxi, 196.

Döbereiner's researches respecting platina, xviii, 151.

—, on formic acid, xxviii, 126.

—, new compounds of platinum, xxviii, 130.

Dobson, P., remarks on the origin of boulders, x, 217.

—, views on boulders, Murchison's citation of, xliii, 200.

Dog, tongueless, retaining the power of barking, xxxvi, 194.

— sleds of the Northwest, xiii, 391.^f

Dogs, anecdote of, xlvi, 243.

Dolomisation, theory of von Buch, Daubeny's objections to, xxxi, 372.

—, — —, facts in Maine, not confirmatory of, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 147.

Dolomite, analysis of, iv, 17.

Dolomites of the Tyrol, disintegration of, C. Daubeny, xlii, 321.

—, in Africa, iv, 33.

—, in Connecticut, ii, 206; v, 36; viii, 255.

—, in Massachusetts, (fetid,) iii, 239; viii, 35.

—, in New York, iv, 17.

Dominica, raised coral reef of, iv, 218.

Donium, supposed new metal, T. Richardson, xxxi, 163.

Donovan, E., notice of the works of, xxxvii, 163.

Doolittle, A., the earliest American engraver, xxii, 183.

Doolittle, I., on a new method of charring wood, xvii, 395.^f

—, on crank motion, xii, 367; xiv, 60.^f

—, gelatine from bones, i, 170.

—, description of a hydrostat, xiii, 64.^f

—, on the revolving steam engine of Morey, ii, 101.^f

Doornik, J. E., observations on the use made of fossils in geological science, xv, 90.

Dorudon, xlix, 216.

Douglas, D., obituary notice of, xxx, 196.

Douglass, D. B., plants from the headwaters of the Mississippi, iv, 56.

Dové, on the laws of storms, xliv, 315.^f

—, — —, strictures on, by R. Hare, xliv, 137.

—, — —, reply to R. Hare's strictures on, by W. C. Redfield, xliv, 384.

Downing, A. J., on the order Cycadeæ and the seed of Cycas revoluta, xxxii, 45.^f

Draining, extensive, in Russia, v, 393.

Draper, J. W., allotropism of chlorine, as connected with the theory of substitutions, xlix, 346.^f

—, carbonic acid and alkaline carbonates, decomposition of, by the light of the sun, xlvi, 398.

—, coins and medals, xxix, 157.

—, electricity, influence of, on capillary attraction, xxvi, 399.

—, elementary substance, change in, from exposure to the sun's rays, xlvi, 390.

—, idolatry and philosophy of the Zabians, xxviii, 201.

—, light, latent, xliv, 202.

—, tithonometer, xlvi, 217.^f

Dreelite, analysis of, xxx, 380.

Drift, discussion on, at the Association of American geologists and naturalists, 1842, xliii, 151.

—, P. Dobson's views on the iceberg theory of, xlvi, 169.

—, J. L. Hayes, on the probable influence of icebergs on, xlv, 316, 326.

—, E. Hitchcock, theory of the U. States, xli, 248.

—, —, singular instance in Berkshire Co., Mass., xlvii, 132; xlix, 258.^f

—, —, influence of ice on, xlv, 324.

—, —, copper in, Mass., xlv, 331.

—, C. T. Jackson, remarks on, xlv, 320.

—, Nicollet, remarks in opposition to the glacial theory, xlv, 323.

—, W. C. Redfield, influence of ice on, xlv, 325.

—, H. D. Rogers, remarks on, xlvii, 263.

—, —, connection of, with earthquake vibrations, xlvii, 273.

—, see farther under Boulders and Scratches.

Drowned person, time of, under water, determined, xviii, 170.

Drowning, resuscitation from, by oxygen gas, xvi, 250.

Druids were Zabians, xxviii, 214.

Drummond's mode of lighting light-houses by means of lime, xxi, 366.

Dry rot, G. Gibbs, ii, 114.

— —, cause of, xxx, 182.

— —, P. Rainey, xxxiv, 169.

— —, brief strictures on an article on, in vol. xxxiv, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 197.

Drunkenness, remedy for, iv, 385.

Ducatel, J. T., and J. H. Alexander, report on the geology of Maryland, xxvii, 1.

—, experiments on potassium and sodium, xxv, 90.

Dumas, J., on the determination of nitrogen in organic compounds, xxviii, 134.

Dumont's filter and prepared charcoal, xxiii, 346.^f

Duncan, H., on the footprints of animals in sandstone in Scotland, xv, 84.

Dunn's Chinese collection at Philadelphia, xxxv, 391.

Durant, C. F., improvement of the barometer, xxvii, 97.^f

Dwight, H. E., account of the Kaatskill mountains, ii, 11.

Dwight, Benj. W., facts illustrative of the powers and operations of the human mind in a diseased state, i, 431.

Dwight, S. E., on the eruption of Long lake and Mud lake, Vt., xi, 39.^f

—, notice of a meteoric fireball, xiii, 35.

Dye, new blue, by Robiquet, xxii, 197.

—, superior green, vii, 196.

—, pink, from the flower of the sweet balm, xxv, 413.

—, for hats, from oak bark, xxii, 383.

—, employment of iodine as, xv, 394.

Dyeing, experiments on coloring matter for, M. Persoz, xxiv, 380.

—, use of chesnut wood in, i, 312.

E.

Eagle, bald, iv, 89.

Earth, action of gravity variable, and producing errors in the determination of the figure of, xv, 172.

—, Cordier's essay on the temperature of, noticed, xv, 109.

—, —, on fluidity of the centre of, xv, 117, 118.

—, —, on tides in the surface of, xv, 123.

—, —, change of level in the crust of, owing to contraction or to tides in the fluid interior, xv, 122, 124.

—, Fourier on the temperature of, xxxii, 1.

—, heat of the interior of, R. Patterson, xxxvii, 357.

—, remarks on the theory of central heat, W. Maclure, xv, 384.

—, deductions from the igneous theory of, J. H. Lathrop, xxxix, 90.

—, oblateness and axes of, degree of a meridian, &c., T. J. Cram, xxxi, 222.^f

Earthenware and porcelain, on the art of, xxvi, 233. History of the art, xxvi, 233.^f

Earthquakes in America:

— —, South, M. Hamilton, xli, 57.

— —, —, in Chili, 1835, xxviii, 336.

— —, —, at eruption of Cosiguina, xxviii, 332.

— —, in U. States, i, 93; xliv, 419.

— —, —, in New England, xxxix, 336; xl, 204, 205, 206.

— —, —, in Connecticut, Aug., 1840, xxxix, 335.

— —, —, —, at Hartford, Apr. 12, 1837, xxxii, 399.

— —, —, —, E. Haddam subterranean noises, xxxix, 336.

— —, —, Mississippi, notice of, iii, 20.

— —, —, ibid, from the travels of Flint, xv, 366.

— —, —, ibid, F. C. Usher, xxxi, 294.^f

— —, near the Saguenay, R. H. Bonnycastle, xxx, 236.

— —, in West Indies, Feb., 1843, xliv, 419; xlvii, 182.

— in Europe, in Sicily, 1823, ix, 216.

— —, at Florence, March, 1835, xxviii, 340.

— in Asia, in Burmah, 1839, xxxviii, 385.

— —, at Cutch, 16th June, 1819, iv, 315.

— —, in Palestine, xlviii, 14.

— —, at Tabriz, xxxvii, 351.

—, causes and effects of, I. Lea, ix, 209.

—, remarks on, xiv, 72.

—, G. Bischof on the natural history of, xxxvii, 41.^f

—, —, instances of, xxxvii, 41, 47.

—, —, causes of, xxxvii, 42.

—, —, connection with volcanoes, xxxvii, 43.

—, —, propagation of, xxxvii, 46.

—, —, direction of, xxxvii, 47.

—, —, elevation from, xxxvi, 273.

—, —, elevation of the Andes, xxxvii, 49.

—, —, state of the barometer not a cause, xxxvii, 50.

—, —, theory of central heat, xxxvii, 52.

—, Necker's views, xxxvii, 236.

—, H. D. Rogers, characters of some recent, as bearing upon the dynamics of geology, xlv, 341.

—, —, undulatory character of, xlvii, 274.

—, —, on undulations of, a cause of flexure in rocks, xliii, 177; xlv, 341.

—, effects of, on the growth of wheat, ix, 208.

East and West Rock, N. Haven, Ct., geological structure of, vi, 44.

—, scenery of, vii, 1.

Eastman, R., improved rotary saw machine, v, 146.^f

Eaton, A., alcohol, observations on, xvi, 173.

—, geology of the Highlands, N. York, v, 231.

—, — and meteorology west of the Rocky Mts., xxv, 351.

—, — along the Erie canal, viii, 358; ix, 355; xiii, 383.

—, —, coal formations of N. York, xix, 21.

—, — of northern states, notice of Index to, i, 69.

—, —, Cherty limerock, xxxvi, 61.

—, —, coal, anthracite, Washington Co., N. Y., xvi, 299.

—, — of Southampton Lead mine, i, 136.

—, —, diluvial deposits in N. York and elsewhere, xii, 17.

—, gravel near Troy, v, 22.

—, North American localities, showing equivalency of rocks on opposite sides of the Atlantic, xxxix, 149.

—, cardinal points in stratiographical geology, xxi, 199.

—, geological equivalents, xxi, 132.

—, —, nomenclature of rocks, xiv, 145^f, 359.

—, —, Prodromus, xvii, 63.

—, gold rock of the south is talcose slate, xviii, 50.

—, —, —, of Mexico equivalent to that of the Carolinas, xx, 124.

—, Boletus igniarius, analogous to animal substances, vi, 177.

—, Crotalus reliquus, xx, 122.^f

—, gases and salts forming near Erie canal, xv, 233.

—, living antediluvial animals, xv, 233.

—, number five a favorite in nature, xvi, 172.

—, magnetic needles, improvement in manufacture of, xii, 14.

—, trilobites, xxii, 165.

—, notice of new edition of the Geological Text Book of, xxii 391.

—, remarks by D. Thomas on the views of, on the coal formations of New York, xix, 326.

Ebullition by cold, apparatus for producing, R. Hare, xxxiii, 248.^f

Echinus, see Zoology, Radiata.

Echo, in Virginia, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 174.

—, in N. York state, J. B. Church, xxxvi, 175.

— a means of determining the depth of a sea, not effectual, C. Bonnycastle, xxxviii, 160.

Eclipse, solar, Feb. 12, 1831, xxii, 189.

—, —, in 1834, observation on, L. Brant, xxvii, 386.

—, —, of May, 1836, observations on, xl, 29.

—, —, of Sept., 1838, observations on, xxxviii, 158, 163, 172, 174; xl, 29.

—, —, —, observations on, D. Olmsted, xxxv, 174.

—, —, ibid, micrometric measures, E. P. Mason, xxxv, 176.

—, —, of July, 1842, xlii, 175; xliii, 401; xliv, 211.

—, —, —, observations suggested by, xlii, 395.

Edinburgh, on the geology of Calton Hill, near, J. W. Webster, i, 230.^f

—, freshwater limestone of Burdie House, S. Hibbert, xxviii, 365.

Edmondson, T., modification of Ampère's rotating galvanic element, xxvi, 370.^f

—, rotating armatures, xxvi, 205^f; xxxii, 399.

Education in Africa, ii, 343.

— —, in Egypt, xii, 389.

— in England, number of students at Cambridge and Oxford, xix, 195.

— in Europe, by schools of mutual instruction, iv, 199.

— —, in Austria, Vienna Polytechnic Institute, x, 379.

— —, in Belgium, at Brussels, vii, 382.

— —, in Denmark, xii, 189; xiii, 173; xvii, 394.

— —, —, at Copenhagen, x, 175.

— —, —, —, bequest for, ix, 183.

— —, —, —, deaf and dumb, xii, 197.

— —, in France, vii, 199; xii, 392.

— —, —, in Paris, free commercial school, x, 171.

— —, —, —, M. Cochin's munificence, xvii, 394.

— —, —, at Caen, in prison, v, 382.

— —, —, at Lyons, xx, 174.

— —, —, at Marseilles, v, 191.

— —, in Germany or Prussia, viii, 185; xiii, 159; xx, 388.

— —, —, Halle University, xiv, 381.

— —, —, Berlin Rural School, ix, 187.

— —, —, at Munich, iv, 196.

— —, —, Wurtemberg university, viii, 183.

— —, in Greece, at Chios, iv, 196.

— —, in Holland or Netherlands, xviii, 182.

— —, —, at Maestricht, by mutual instruction, v, 386.

— —, in Hungary, xiii, 165.

— —, in Poland, at Warsaw, ix, 186.

— —, in Portugal, vii, 198; ix, 187.

— —, in Russia, v, 176; xx, 176.

— —, —, St. Petersburg Greek Seminary, vi, 387.

— —, —, endowment of schools by a princess, iv, 386.

— —, in Sweden, ix, 182.

— —, in Switzerland, vi, 391; vii, 381; xii, 191; xiii, 397.

— —, —, at Bâle, rural school, ix, 368.

— —, —, at Geneva, v, 179, 380; x, 383.

— in U. States, xx, 413.

— —, in New York, xv, 401; xxii, 415; xxv, 258; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176.

— —, in Connecticut, N. Haven Gymnasium, xiii, 385.

—, different systems of, W. Maclure, ix, 160, 163.

—, mutual instruction schools in Europe, iv, 199.

—, M. Ordinaire's method, vii, 199, 383.

—, Owen's plan, ix, 383.

—, Owen's establishment, x, 165.

—, Pestalozzian system, W. Maclure, ix, 163; x, 145.

—, new method in Latin, v, 182.

— of the poor, iii, 379.

—, American Annals of, W. C. Woodbridge, xix, 174, 357.

— and government of boys, vii, 161.

—, original papers relating to a course of liberal, xv, 297.

Edwards, J., observations on spiders, xxi, 109.^f

Edwardsite, new mineral, with an analysis, C. U. Shepard, xxxii, 162.

—, identical with monazite, G. Rose, xxxix, 249.

—, ibid, C. U. Shepard, xxxix, 251.

—, crystallization of, xxxiii, 202.^f

Eggs, artificial incubation, ix, 196.

—, mode of blowing for preservation, xxi, 161.

—, means of preserving, v, 379.

—, Scotch method of preserving, xxvi, 188.

Egypt, notices of, xxviii, 23.^f

—, notice of works in, iii, 378.

—, — the canal of Mahommaddie, xxviii, 27.

—, — the Nile, xxviii, 28.

—, — Mahomet Ali, xxviii, 30.

—, education in, xii, 389.

—, embalmed ibis, bat, &c. from, S. G. Morton, xli, 187.

—, statistics of, vi, 389.

—, position of Memphis in, xxxi, 373.

Egyptian crania, observations on, S. G. Morton, xlviii, 268.

Ehrenberg, C. G., on recent and fossil infusoria, xxxiii, 111; xxxv, 371^f; xxxvii, 116.

—, ibid, American, distribution, extent and influence of, xliii, 393; xlvi, 297.^f

—, —, —, in Virginia, xlvi, 300; xlviii, 201.

—, —, —, in New York, at West Point, xlvi, 303.

—, —, at Berlin, xlii, 388.

—, —, general results of researches on, xlvii, 208.

— and Hemprich, journey in northern Africa, vii, 195.

Elaine from oils, new mode of obtaining, M. Pechet, ix, 189.

—, separation of, from oils, xiii, 186.

—, and stearine, vi, 377.

Elasticity, an experiment on, with wine-glasses, xxii, 190.^f

Elaterite, or fossil caoutchouc, xl, 215.

Electrepeter, Clarke's, xxxiii, 224.^f

—, new form of, C. G. Page, xxxiii, 377.^f

—, magnetic and electrotome, C. G. Page, xxxv, 112.^f

Electric amalgam, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 68.

— battery, i, 292.^f

— brush, R. Hare, xxxii, 277.^f

— currents along the muscles and nerves different, xix, 180.

— — in the nerves, on the hypothesis of, M. Matteucci, xlix, 387.

— —, course of, in electric discharges, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 58.

— —, effect of placing a candle between the poles, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 59.

— —, two or more over the same conductor without interference, S. F. B. Morse, xliv, 418.^f

— — and sparks from magnets, J. Henry, xxii, 403.

— —, ponderable matter transported by, xii, 383.

— discharges, lateral, J. Henry, xxxiv, 16.^f

— discriminator, (electroscope,) R. Hare, xxv, 136.^f

— excitement in leather by friction, xxxvii, 197.

— —, peculiar case of, in a woman, xxxiii, 394; xl, 386.

— experiments, season favorable for, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 60.

— fish, on the coast of Cape Cod, D. H. Storer, xliv, 213.

— —, Gymnotus, xl, 386.

— fluids, the existence of two, opposed by R. Hare, vii, 103.^f

— —, observations on, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 353.

— induction, decomposition of water by, M. Hachette, xxiv, 142.

— —, currents of electricity from, of different orders, J. Henry, xxxviii, 232.^f

— —, polarity produced by, xxxviii, 3.

— —, R. Hare, letters on, to M. Faraday, xxxviii, 1, 19; xli, 1.

— —, M. Faraday, in reply to R. Hare, xxxix, 108; xlii, 291.

— jar, on the discharge of, xxxviii, 6.

— kite, for determining the electricity of the upper currents of the air, J. Swaim, xxxii, 304.^f

— lady, explanation of, xxxiii, 394; xl, 386.

— light, a mode of producing, viii, 380.

— machine, form and arrangement of, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 66.

— —, plate, viii, 378.

— —, —, R. Hare, vii, 108^f; xxxii, 272.^f

— —, communication of, with the earth not necessary, R. Hare, xxiv, 253.

— pile, theory of, xix, 375.

— shock from a cat, mode of receiving, viii, 391.

— sound, xlix, 390.

— spark, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 57.

— —, length of, as affected by the size of the balls, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 60.

— —, perforations by, in a quire of paper or card, W. R. Johnson, xxv, 64.

— —, —, ibid, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 353.

— — drawn from a heated stove, xl, 385, 386.

— —, remarks on the so-called positive and negative, R. Hare, xxxii, 275.^f

— —, Wheatstone's experiment to determine whether there is a sensible duration to, xxviii, 60.

— —, from magnets, J. Henry, xxii, 403.

— —, —, J. P. Emmet, xxiv, 78.^f

— syringe, C. G. Page, xxvi, 110.^f

Electricity.

—, animal, mode of receiving a shock from a cat, viii, 391.

—, —, peculiar case in a woman, xxxiii, 394; xl, 386.

—, —, of fish on the coast of Cape Cod, D. H. Storer, xliv, 213.

—, —, Matteucci on, xxi, 157.

—, —, observations on, Linari and Matteucci, xxxii, 198; xlix, 388.

—, atmospheric, water decomposed by, xx, 179; xxi, 368.

—, —, observations on, M. Matteucci, xxx, 376.

—, blasting by means of, xvi, 372.^f

—, capillary attraction influenced by, J. W. Draper, xxvi, 399.

—, —, — productive of, ix, 193.

—, conducting power of liquid gases, xxi, 374.

—, —, — of the metals, xii, 199.

—, —, — of steam, xxvii, 206.

—, —, — of the solar rays, xvii, 391.

—, the conductibility of, by liquids, increased by adding water, xvii, 165.

—, by contact, Karsten, xxxi, 159.

—, decomposition of water by atmospheric and common, xxi, 368.

—, discharge, lateral, J. Henry, xxxiv, 16.^f

—, effects of, on vegetation, M. Baric, xxxi, 160.

—, fluids of, one or two, R. Hare, vii, 103.^f

—, —, ibid, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 353.

—, generation of, by the electrical machine, G. W. Rains, xlix, 93.^f

—, evaporation in gilding, producing, v, 198.

—, induced currents of different orders produced by, J. Henry, xxxviii, 232.^f

—, influence of, on the process of beer making, xxxiv, 8.

—, —, on capillary attraction, xxvi, 399.

—, —, on odors, xv, 394.

—, —, on phosphorescence, T. J. Pearsall, xxi, 378.

—, light acting on an iodized plate, producing, xlvii, 190.

—, machinery producing, A. Smith, xxxix, 134.

—, medical, J. Hall, iii, 166.

—, motion producing and motion produced by, J. Locke, xxxiv, 130.

—, needle deflected by, xii, 199.

—, of peroxide of manganese, xxx, 179.

—, ponderable substances transferred by, A. Fusinieri, xxii, 355.

—, principles of, in 1833, A. de la Rive, xxvi, 175.

— produced by the action of light on an iodized silver plate, xlvii, 190.

— — by machinery, A. Smith, xxxix, 134.

— — by a separation of parts, or fracture, viii, 379.

— from steam, xl, 382.

— of the tourmaline, xvi, 390.

— retained in a vacuum, xxix, 354.

—, science of, in 1833, A. de la Rive, xxvi, 175.

—, theory of, J. D. Whelpley, xlviii, 364.

—, —, Van Marum on, iii, 385.

— and magnetism, connection between, iii, 386.^f

—, heat and magnetism, on the connection of, J. F. Dana, vi, 163.^f

—, thermo-, see Thermo-Electricity.

—, Galvanic battery, E. de Butts, viii, 271.^f

— — of carbon, xxxix, 132.

— — —, B. Silliman, Jr., xliii, 393; xliv, 180.^f

— —, Crosse's, some account of, xxxii, 372.

— —, De la Rive's, v, 395.

— —, dry, xii, 195; xvii, 162.

— —, Grove's, xxxviii, 116.

— —, —, experiments with, S. F. B. Morse, xlv, 390.^f

— —, R. Hare's new modifications of, iii, 105.^f

— —, —, calorimotor, i, 413; v, 94, 357, 364; vi, 337; xxxii, 284.^f

— —, —, deflagrator, iii, 105^f; iv, 201; v, 94; vi, 337; vii, 347^f; viii, 99; ix, 181; xl, 48.