INDEX (continued 7)

Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, of W. Buckland, viii, 150, 317; xi, 196; xviii, 393.

— Baldwinianæ, xlvi, 192.

Rennell, J., notice of, xx, 304.

Rensselaer, J. van, ascent of Mount Blanc, ii, 1.

—, on the natural history of the ocean, v, 128.

—, notice of freshwater formations, vi, 381.

—, notice of an error in J. Finch's paper on the Celtic antiquities of America, viii, 200.

—, on lightning rods, ix, 331.

—, geological lectures of, ix, 397; xii, 399.

—, on the fossil mastodon, xi, 246; xii, 380.

—, new Vesuvian minerals, xi, 250.^f

—, natural history of Orange Co., N. Y., xiii, 224.

—, fossil tooth of an elephant, xiv, 31.

—, on a larva, supposed to have passed from the bladder, xiii, 229.

—, temperature of the cities of Rome (Italy) and New York, xiii, 120.

Rensselaer, S. van, obituary notice of, xxxvi, 156.

—, notice of his survey in the district adjoining the Erie canal, viii, 195, 358.

Rensselaer school, travelling of, xviii, 200; xix, 151.

— — flotilla, xviii, 200.

— —, incidents of, in 1830, xix, 153.

Rensselaerite, is steatitic pyroxene, L. C. Beck, xl, 77.

Renwick, J., longitude of New York, v, 143.

—, on a new mineral, viii, 192.

—, translation from the Astronomical Journal of Hamburgh, xvi, 225.

—, letter to, by E. Sabine, on the magnetism of the earth, xvii, 145.

—, treatise on the steam engine, review of, xx, 323.

—, Outlines of Geology, noticed, xxxiv, 183.

Repeating Theodolite, F. R. Hassler's, xvi, 252.^f

Report on Iron, by J. H. Alexander, xli, 376.

— on herbaceous plants of Massachusetts, by C. Dewey, xli, 378.

— on the quadrupeds of Massachusetts, by E. Emmons, xli, 378.

— on insects injurious to vegetation, by T. W. Harris, noticed, xliii, 386.

— on the invertebrata of Massachusetts, A. A. Gould, xli, 378.

—, fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379, 393.

— on the fishes of New York, by J. E. Dekay, reviewed, xlv, 275.

—, Geological, of Connecticut, by C. U. Shepard, noticed, xxxiii, 151.

—, —, —, by J. G. Percival, noticed, xliv, 187.

—, —, of Indiana, by D. D. Owen, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133.

—, —, of Maine, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376.

—, —, of Maryland, by J. T. Ducatel, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191.

—, —, of Massachusetts, by E. Hitchcock, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384.

—, —, of Michigan, by D. Houghton, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136.

—, —, of New Hampshire, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27.

—, —, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227.

—, —, —, final, reviewed, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f

—, —, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126.

—, —, of Pennsylvania, by H. D. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380.

—, —, of Rhode Island, by C. T. Jackson, noticed, xl, 182.

—, —, of Tennessee, by G. Troost, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187.

—, —, of Virginia, by W. B. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

—, —, of Western States, G. W. Featherstonhaugh, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

Reptiles, fossil, notice of T. Hawkins's work on, xxvii, 413.

—, —, notice of R. Owen's report on, xlii, 328.

—, on the geological age of, G. A. Mantell, xxi, 359.

—, monograph on, D. H. Barnes, xi, 268.

— of Connecticut, catalogue of, J. H. Linsley, xlvi, 37.

—, see farther under Zoology.

Resin, Maynas, xlix, 194.

—, guaiac, xlix, 194.

—, J. F. W. Johnston, xli, 53.

Resistance of the air to railway trains, xxxviii, 136.

— of fluids, general principles of, L. R. Gibbes, xxvii, 135.

— —, A. Bourne, xxviii, 230.

— —, G. W. Keely, xxviii, 318^f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111.

— —, E. W. Blake, xxix, 274; xxx, 359.

— —, J. S. Russell, xxix, 351; xxxv, 317.

Resisting medium, some of the probable effects of, T. H. Perry, xxxviii, 246.

— —, remarks on, xvii, 389.

— —, see farther, Ether.

Respiration, chemical process of, xii, 396.

—, G. Magnus, xxxv, 198.

—, on the office of nitrogen in, L. C. Beck, xviii, 52.

—, effect of deep, G. C. Holland, xxxiv, 28.

— of oxygen, i, 95.

—, products of, at different periods of the day, C. T. Coathupe, xxxvii, 367.

Resuscitation from drowning, by oxygen, remarks on, J. E. Muse, xvi, 250.

Retina, remarks on, W. C. Wallace, xxviii, 278.

Revere, J., on the crude sodas of commerce, xiv, 41.

—, on sheathing for ships, xvi, 180.

Review, see Works.

Revue Encyclopédique, notice of, ii, 164; iii, 392; viii, 385; xviii, 184.

— —, notice of one of the monthly suppers commemorating the establishment of, xviii, 184.

Reynolds, W. G., theory of meteors, i, 266.

Rhine, amount of water of, which passes Bâle, v, 392.

Rhinoceros, fossil bones of, ii, 145.

Rhode Island, geological survey of, C. T. Jackson, xl, 182.

—, coal of, x, 342; xi, 78; xii, 76; xl, 187.

Rhodium in gold from Mexico, xi, 298.

Rhomb spar in Massachusetts, vii, 255; x, 18.

Rhubarb, G. W. Carpenter, ix, 91.

—, observations on, G. W. Carpenter, xiv, 33.

—, preparation of, vii, 385.

Ribaucourt, on peat, xv, 250.

Rice, how to boil, xxiii, 202.

— paper, xxiv, 207.

Rich, C., effects of lightning on the packet ship New York, xxxvii, 321.

Rich, E., project for reforming the English alphabet, xlvii, 420.

Richardson, J., on the Zoology of North America, xxxi, 343, 356, 376.

Riddell, J. L., new construction of the barometer, xxvii, 223.^f

—, a new mode of preserving plants, xxxv, 338.

—, on the geological features of Ohio, xxx, 394.

—, electro-magnetic engine, xxxv, 343.^f

—, Texas, Trinity country, xxxvii, 211.

—, on Hog Wallow Prairies, Texas, xxxix, 211.

Riench's test for arsenic, medicolegal application of, xliv, 240.

Rigg, R., carbon a compound body, xlvii, 211.

—, Chemical and Agricultural Researches of, noticed, xlvii, 211.

Right angled triangles, expressions for sides of, xxiv, 68.

Rio Janeiro, meteorological register kept at, from 1832-1843, xlvii, 290.

Ripple-marks in transition rocks, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 248.

— — in the rocks of the Connecticut valley, C. Lyell, xlv, 394.

— — in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 136.

— — and mud furrows in rocks, J. Hall, xlv, 148.

— — in New York, xxxvi, 46.

Rise of land, see Elevation.

Ritter, T., on Belmont anthracite, xii, 301.

Rive, A. de la, galvanic instrument by, v, 395.

—, present state (1833) of the principles of electricity, xxvi, 175.

—, on electro-magnetic currents, xxxiv, 6.

River McKenzie, xvii, 4.

— Rhine, amount of water in, which passes Bâle, v, 392.

— Mississippi, velocity of, vii, 174.

— Copper Mine, xvii, 7.

Rivers, action of, xxi, 23.

Rivero, de, sketch of the mines of Pasco, xvii, 43.^f

Robert, E., visit to Iceland, xxxi, 167; xxxii, 196.

Robertson, E., on aerostation, xiv, 166, 325.

—, gold medal of the Geographical Society awarded to, xliii, 404.

Robinson, S., catalogue of minerals of, noticed, viii, 200; ix, 396.

—, localities of minerals, viii, 230.

—, notice of minerals, x, 225.

—, cabinet of minerals of, xiii, 199.

Robison, I., on the rising of the coast of Chili, in 1822, xxx, 110.

Robison, J., perfection of the art of photography, xxxvii, 183.

—, substitute for barometer, xxxv, 294.

Robiquet, on a new metallic dye, xxii, 197.

Rochefoucald, Duc de la, notice of, xiii, 167; xiv, 392.

Rochester, town of, ii, 252.

Rock crystal, see Quartz.

Rock, Paint, i, 67.

Rock, Putnam's, v, 37.

Rocks, Brongniart's seven classes of, xxxix, 149.

—, K. C. von Leonhard's arrangement of, xx, 182.

—, European, classification of, H. T. De la Beche, xviii, 26.

—, American, classification and characters of, L. Vanuxem, xvi, 254.

—, nomenclature and classes of, A. Eaton, xiv, 145^f, 359.

—, of America, equivalency with European, A. Eaton, xxxix, 149.

—, volcanic, characters and arrangement of the different kinds of, G. P. Scrope, xv, 28.

— of the Connecticut valley, vii, 25.

—, joints in, a result of elevation, xxxi, 366.

—, supposed motion, without apparent cause, v, 34.^f

—, moving, of Salisbury, remarks on, v, 34^f; ix, 239.

— moved by ice, J. Adams, ix, 136.

— —, J. Wood, ix, 144.

—, removal of, by the Saxicava, xlii, 326.

—, excavated basins in, about a fall in the Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252.

—, blasting of, see Blasting.

Rocket, newly invented, v, 189.

Rocking stone, of Durham, N. H., J. B. Moore, vi, 243.^f

— — of Hanover, N. H., xxiv, 185.^f

— — of Roxbury, Mass., vii, 59.^f

— — in Savoy, Massachusetts, ix, 27.^f

— — in Rhode Island, x, 9.^f

— — in Warwick, R. Island, vii, 201.^f

— — in Putnam Co., N. Y., v, 252.^f

— — raised by the Indians of America, vii, 157.

Rocksalt, see Salt.

Rockwell, C. H., analysis of kyanite, xlvi, 383.

—, analysis of meteoric iron of Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.

Rockwell, S., on spontaneous combustion, v, 201.

Rocky Mountains, geological observations on the northern termination of, xvii, 2.

— —, geology and meteorology west of, A. Eaton, xxv, 351.

— —, ibid, remarks on, J. Ball, xxviii, 1.

Rod, divining, iii, 102; xi, 201.^f

Rodentia, new species of, xxxi, 385.

—, see farther Zoology.

Rodman, W. W., new localities of minerals, xxxv, 179, 180.

Rodriguez, P. J., on comets, xvi, 94.^f

Roger, T., on the preservation of insects, xix, 213.

Rogers, G. A., method of manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, viii, 304.

Rogers, H. D., on the falls of Niagara, xxvii, 326.^f

—, Geology of the United States, notice of a memoir read before the British Association, xxviii, 74.

—, opinion on age of graywacke, opposed, xxxv, 243.

—, ibid, explanation concerning, B. Silliman, xxxv, 250.

—, on trap dikes in Pennsylvania, xli, 173.

—, — —, crescent form of, xlv, 334.

—, on diluvial action, xli, 175.

—, Pennsylvania coal formation, xli, 177.

—, dip of new red sandstone, due to oblique deposition, xliii, 170.

—, dispersion of drift due to waves of translution from the north seas, xliii, 153.

—, on hydrated minerals, xlv, 147.

—, on the ancient temperature of the globe, xlv, 147.

—, Address before the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists, including a review of American geology and some branches of general geological dynamics, xlvii, 137, 247.

—, characters of some recent earthquakes, as bearing upon the dynamics of geology, xlv, 341; xlvii, 274.

—, paroxysmal undulations of the earth's crust, a cause of flexures of strata, xlv, 345, 346; xlvii, 276.

—, constitution of the atmosphere during the coal era, xlvii, 105.

—, first Report on the Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxii, 192.

—, second Report on Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxiv, 188.

—, third Report, ibid, xxxvii, 380.

—, fifth Report, ibid, xli, 385.

—, origin of the Appalachian coal strata, xliii, 178.

—, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.

—, scratches, diluvial, in Pennsylvania, xliii, 180.

—, a new compound containing platinum, xxxix, 369.

Rogers, J. B., and J. Green, experiments with the elementary voltaic battery, xxviii, 33.

Rogers, J. B., dolomite, a double salt, xli, 172.

—, analysis of meteoric iron, xliii, 169.

Rogers, Moses, Savannah steamer the first which crossed the Atlantic, commanded by, xxxviii, 155.

—, —, log-book of, preserved at Philadelphia, by the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34.

Rogers, R. E., on limestones, xli, 171.

—, new instruments and processes for the analysis of the carbonates, xlvi, 346.^f

Rogers, S., letters on the manufacture of iron, xlii, 380.

Rogers, W. B. and H. D., experimental enquiry into some of the laws of the elementary voltaic battery, xxvii, 39.^f

Rogers, W. B., analyses of shells, xxvi, 36.

—, apparatus for analyzing marl and carbonates, xxvii, 299^f; xlvi, 346.^f

—, on bimalate of lime in sumach, xxvii, 294.

—, self-filling syphon, xxvii, 302.^f

—, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 169.

—, fossil footmarks, xliii, 173.

—, ores of zinc and lead in Virginia, xliii, 169.

—, oxide of tin in Virginia, xliii, 168.

—, on subterranean temperature, xliii, 176.

—, on the dip of strata, xliii, 171.

—, elevation and flexure of strata, theory of, xliv, 360.

—, proofs of diluvial agency, xliii, 181.

—, infusorial stratum, near Richmond, Va., xlv, 313.

—, — —, in Maryland, xlvi, 141.

—, Virginia tertiary formations, xxxviii, 183.

—, coal of eastern Virginia, of the age of the lower oolite, xliii, 175.

—, natural coke, or porous anthracite of eastern Virginia, xliii, 175.

—, connection of thermal springs with anticlinal axes and faults, xliii, 176.

—, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359.

—, on chemical equivalents, xlvii, 105.

—, geological Report on Virginia, notice of, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

Roma, Campagna di, malaria of, xxii, 336.

—, manuscripts at, v, 385.

—, clergy and population of, ix, 186.

Roman aqueducts, xix, 389.

Romanzow's expedition across Behring's Straits, ii, 345.

Roofs of pasteboard, xxiv, 381.

Roofing with zinc, A. Caswell, xxxi, 248.

—, ibid, L. D. Gale, xxxii, 315.

—, slate, of Lebanon, N. Y., v, 11.

—, —, in Vermont, v, 272.

Ropes, on the various vegetable materials for, xxi, 27; xxv, 330.

—, material for, from the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371.

—, from Manilla hemp, xli, 200.^f

—, strengthened by a solution of glue with oak bark, xxvi, 186.

Rosaic acid in urine, xvii, 385.

Rose of Sharon, fibres of, xxviii, 371.

Roses, preparation of oil of, xxviii, 383.

—, stearoptine of oil of, xxviii, 383.

Rosé, G., on the identity of Edwardsite and Monazite, xxxv, 249.

Rosé, H., on the new metals niobium and pelopium, xlviii, 400.

—, examination of columbite, xlix, 228.

Rosin, gas lights from, xxviii, 147.

—, bubbles blown in, ii, 179.

Rosse's great telescope, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221.

Rossie lead mines, xxxvi, 24; xlii, 174.

Rot, dry, G. Gibbs, ii, 114.

—, —, P. Rainey, xxxiv, 169.

—, —, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 197.

Rotary motion, instrument for illustrating, (rotascope) W. R. Johnson, xxi, 265.^f

—, multiplier, see under Electricity.

Rotascope, description of, W. R. Johnson, xxi, 265.^f

Rotation of the planet Venus, xxiv, 204.^f

—, of fluids, xxvii, 84.^f

Rotative piston, Cooper's, xvi, 313.^f

Rothe, C. E., remarks on the gold mines of North Carolina, xiii, 201.^f

Rotting of timber in certain situations, xxxii, 380.

Rowles, evaporation of water under electrical insulation, xlvii, 190.

Royal George, state of preservation of, xl, 213.

— Society, see Society.

Rubellite of Kingsbridge, ii, 366.

Ruby, fusion of, ii, 292.

Rudder, temporary, xiii, 371.^f

Rue, W. de la, structure of electro-precipitated metals, xlix, 390.

Ruffin, E., on calcareous manures, review of, xxx, 138.

Ruggles, D., notice of the region about Fort Winnebago, xxx, 1.^f

—, on the copper mines of Lake Superior, xlix, 64.^f

—, tides in the North American lakes, xlv, 18.

—, on a large trilobite, and Iowa coralline marble, xlix, 216.

Rumford, Count, biographical memoir of, xix, 28.

—, —, sketch of the early history of, J. Johnston, xxxiii, 21.

Ruminants, follicular dentition in, xxxviii, 129.

Rumker, C., on currents in the ocean, xx, 180.

Rupert's drop, breaking of, xxv, 194.

Rural economy, v, 380; xiv, 391.

Ruschenberger, W. S. W., remarks on the barometer, and meteorological observations on board U. S. ship Peacock, xxxiii, 345.

—, translation of C. Bertero's list of the plants of Chili, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

Rush, B., on the sugar of the maple, ii, 261.

Russell, A., on Statistical Enquiries, noticed, xxxix, 395.

Russell, J. L., on the cryptogamia of Chelmsford, xxxix, 183.

Russell, J. S., on waves, xxxiii, 283; xxxiv, 1; xxxv, 290.

—, substitute for mountain barometer, xxxv, 294.

Russell's Planetarium, xlii, 400.

Russia, population of, iv, 389.

—, population and religion of, xv, 397.

—, religious toleration in, xvii, 192.

—, establishments in, v, 176.

—, extensive draining in, v, 393.

—, destruction of live-stock by wolves, xx, 177.

—, wood in, vi, 398.

—, steppes of, xvii, 23.

—, —, salt, of Orenburg, xliv, 205.

—, Irkutsk, notice of, xvii, 27.

—, Okotsk, notice of, xvii, 30.

—, St. Petersburgh Botanic Garden, xx, 175.

—, libraries of, v, 177.

—, Yakutsk, notice of, xvii, 28.

—, gypsum in, xvii, 19, 21, 24.

—, salt of, xvii, 19.

—, mines, proceeds of, from 1818 to 1823, xii, 197.

—, mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34.

—, diamond mines, xix, 199.

—, copper mines at Ekatherinenburg, xvii, 25.

—, notice of gold mines of, ix, 183; xii, 384; xiv, 204; xvii, 25; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395; xlvi, 211.

—, mines of gold and silver, yield of, xvii, 406; xx, 402; xxi, 372.

—, mass of twenty-five pounds, xii, 384.

—, platina in the Ural, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395.

—, —, large masses of, xlvi, 212.

—, iron founderies, improvements in, xxx, 181.

—, stone butter, a mineral product eaten in, xvii, 28.

Russian drinks, xi, 392.

—, leather, fabrication of, iv, 193.

—, universities, xx, 176.

Rust, preservation of iron from, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.

—, means of preserving from, by caoutchouc, vi, 398.

Ruthenium, a new metal from the Ural, xvi, 384; xlviii, 401.

Rutile, in Connecticut, iv, 55.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; v, 405; vii, 58; xii, 259; xx, 170.

—, in New Jersey, ix, 245.

—, in New York, xxi, 325.

—, in Pennsylvania, v, 41; xiv, 5, 14.

—, in Vermont, ix, 55.

Rye, ergot of, Wm. Tally, ii, 45.

S.

Sabal Adansoni, xxvi, 315.

— hystrix, v, 293.

— minima, v, 293.

Sabine, E., on the magnetism of the earth, and especially of the Arctic regions, xvii, 145.^f

Saccharic acid, Heintz, xlviii, 193.

Saccharine juices, optical properties of, Biot, xxiv, 379.

Saco river, temperature of, xxxiv, 381; xxxvii, 389.

Saddle Mountain, Mass., viii, 3.

Safe, for provisions, xxx, 169.

Safety lamp, H. Davy's, xvii, 240.

— —, of E. du Mesnil, xxxviii, 115.

— tubes, substitute for, xvii, 345.^f

Sagenaria, generic characters, vii, 180.

Sager, A., on American amphibia, xxxvi, 320.^f

Saguerus, a Sago palm, affording material for cordage, xxi, 36.

Sahlite, in Connecticut, vi, 225.

—, in New York, viii, 88.

Sailing, solution of a case in, xlvi, 79.

Sal-ammoniac, produced from the combustion of a coal bed, vi, 395.

Salamander, see under Zoology.

Salicine, xix, 204, 370; xx, 384.

—, mode of obtaining, xxi, 155.

—, properties of, xlix, 392.

Saliferous formation of the Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26.

— — in New York, xxxix, 103.

— — in Virginia, xli, 214.

Salina, salt works and springs of, xv, 6; xvi, 187; xix, 141; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103.

—, bromine in the brine of, xviii, 143.

Salines, see under Salt.

Salisbury, E. E., Dr. Lund on the occurrence of fossil human bones of the præ-historic world, xliv, 277.

—, abstract of J. Klaproth on the invention of the compass, xl, 242.

Salisbury, S., analysis of the Avon waters, xxxv, 188.

Salisbury, Connecticut, iron ores, ii, 212.

—, iron works, xix, 322.

—, geology and mineralogy of, viii, 252.

Salix ambigua, xlv, 35.

— Cutleri, xlv, 36.

— myrtilloides, xlv, 34.

— phylicifolia, xlv, 35.

Salmon, W., biographical notice of, xxxvii, 121.

Salt, J. Van Rensselaer on, vii, 360.

—, a mode of obtaining large crystals of, xvi, 397.

—, a remedy for animal poisons, xxi, 158.

—, gas in the cavities of, producing decrepitation, xix, 198.

— storms, influence of, on vegetation, J. B. Beck, i, 388.

—, ibid, on animals, i, 394.

—, quantity of, in sea-water, C. Daubeny, xxxvi, 188.

—, marine, arsenic detected in, xx, 193.

— infusoria, xli, 193.

— beds, origin of, L. Vanuxem, xii, 88.

— manufactured by evaporation on faggots, x, 180.

— in Asia, Tabriz, Lake Oroomiah, and of the great desert of Arabia, xxxvii, 350.

— in Europe, annual yield of mines, iii, 371.

— —, in Russia, xvii, 19, 20.

— —, —, steppe south of Orenburg, R. I. Murchison, xliv, 205.

— —, mines of Ischil, xxix, 225.

— —, in France, impurities of, xix, 178.

— —, mines in Cheshire, England, xxiii, 219.

— in South America, on the plains of Tarapaca, J. H. Blake, xliv, 2.

— —, New Grenada, works of Zipaquera, J. H. Gibbon, xxxii, 89.

— in North America, U. States, springs and deposits, G. W. Carpenter, xv, 1.

— —, New York, rocks and springs of, xv, 5, 6, 214; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103.

— —, —, works of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228.

— —, —, works of Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6; xix, 141.

— —, —, manufacture of, xxxvi, 2.

— —, Pennsylvania, valley of the Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 71.

— —, Ohio, region of, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46.

— —, —, of the Muskingum valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 50; xxix, 26.

— —, —, of Sundy Creek, xxix, 48.

— —, —, mode of making the salt in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 54.

— —, —, history of manufacture of, S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 117.

— —, in Virginia, and salt formation, xli, 214.

— —, —, Kenawha valleys, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 51; xxix, 84, 113.

— —, —, of the Holston, C. B. Hayden, xliv, 173.

— —, in Michigan, xxxiv, 192.

— —, in Kentucky, xxix, 140.

— —, in Texas, springs of, xxxvii, 213.

—, see farther Springs, salt.

—, theory of, xxix, 115.

— marshes of the Mediterranean, red color of, due to a crustaceous animal, xli, 193.

— radical theory, criticism on, R. Hare, xlv, 52, 247.

— —, —, criticism on, W. Gibbs, xlvi, 52.

— —, —, R. Kane, xlvi, 57.

Salts, T. Graham on the constitution of, xxxv, 300.

—, number of, xvii, 184.

—, fusibility of, xix, 379.

— of ammonia, solvent and oxidating powers of, xviii, 255.

—, efflorescence of, prevented by the vapor of turpentine, xvi, 391.

—, haloid, certain existence of, in solution, demonstrated, G. Wilson, xxxviii, 118.

—, Harrodsburg, analysis of, E. D. Smith, i, 403.

—, metallic, on the decomposition of, C. Matteucci, xx, 187.

—, new series of double, formed by the action of sulphurous and nitrous acids upon the alkaline bases, E. Fremy, xlviii, 194.

Saltness of the ocean, v, 131.

— —, remarks on, H. Humphreys, xlix, 208.

— —, at different depths, xxiii, 10.

Saltpetre, method of making by sun's heat, discovered by Baffi, vi, 400.

—, formed from beat leaves, xv, 180.

Sampson, W., notice of a cetaceous animal, xxiii, 301.^f

San Lorenzo, Peru, fossils from, xxxviii, 201.

Sand, blown from shore, viii, 392.

—, rate of flowing, and angle of a heap of, xix, 190.

—, pressure of, xix, 190.

—, of Lake George, iv, 46.

—, white siliceous, of Staten Island, xxxvi, 21.

—, lightning tubes in, xx, 396.

Sand hills, iii, 27.

Sand pipes in chalk, cause of, C. Lyell, xxxviii, 122.

Sandstone, recent, on northern coast of Cornwall, J. A. Paris, i, 234.

—, new red, some account of, in United States, xli, 244.

—, — —, of United States, dip due to oblique deposition, H. D. Rogers, xliii, 170.^f

—, new red, of Connecticut, cause of inclined position, B. Silliman, xlvii, 107.

—, — —, of the Connecticut river, vi, 39.^f

—, — —, fossil remains, including bones, in, ii, 146; vi, 43.

—, — —, junction with greenstone, vi, 47.

—, or freestone of the Sugar Loaf Mountain, Maryland, xxvii, 21.

— and breccia of the Capitol at Washington, i, 215, 216.

— of Potsdam, N. Y., xxxvi, 25.

— of Cornwall, England, i, 234.

—, footprints in, see Footprints.

Sandwich Islands, rocks and minerals of, xi, 11, 362; xvi, 345.

— —, notices of, C. S. Stewart, xi, 363; xx, 229.

— —, Hawaii, volcanic character of, xi, 1; xx, 228.

— —, —, geological features of, E. G. Kelley, xl, 117.^f

— —, —, Mauna Loa, character of, xvi, 346.

— —, Oahu, features of, J. Ball, xxviii, 15.

— —, —, remark on the structure of, J. D. Dana, xliv, 407.

— —, great agitation of the sea at, xxxvii, 358.

— —, see farther under Volcano.

Sanford, E., notice of the calcareous tufa and tree of Chitteningo, N. Y., xviii, 354.

Sang, E., relation between a machine and its model, xxiv, 264.

—, rapidity of motion of railway cars, xxxv, 197.

Sanguinaria canadensis, xlix, 130.

Sanicula marilandica, xi, 174.

Santee, high hills of, iii, 2.

Saponaceous vegetables, Bussy, xxiv, 381.

Sappar, fusion of, ii, 291.

—, see farther, Kyanite.

Sapphire in the emery of Naxos, xiv, 205.

— in Connecticut, vi, 219.

— of New Jersey, xiii, 380; xxi, 319.

— in North Carolina, iii, 4, 229.

Saratoga high rock spring, description of, J. N. Steel, xvi, 343.^f

— water, analysis of, J. Steel, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8.

— —, —, J. F. Dana, xxxvi, 8.

— —, iodine in, xvi, 217, 242.

— —, bromine in, xviii, 142.

— Lake, and its environs, with Snake Hill, J. H. Steele, ix, 1.^f

—, oolitic formation of, J. H. Steele, ix, 16.^f

— powders, xvi, 369.

Sarcophagus, ancient, iii, 390.

Sargasso weeds, xx, 181.

Sarracenia, remarks on the genus and species of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 316.

— pulchella, xxv, 75.

Sartwell, H. P., meteorological observations at Penn Yan, 1834, xxviii, 187.

Sassarubrin, a resin from oil of sassafras, R. Hare, xxxi, 282, 285.

Satin spar in New Jersey, ii, 197.

— — in New York, iv, 44.

Saturn, five or more rings about, xxxvii, 373.

—, ibid, approximate dimensions of, xxxvii, 374.

— ring, eccentricity of, xvii, 162.

—, observations on the rings of, L. F. Wartmann, xxv, 191.

—, micrometrical observations on, xiii, 172.

— and his rings, observations on, at Rome, P. F. de Vico, xliv, 383.

—, sixth satellite of, xxxiv, 207.

Sault St. Marie, canal around, xlvi, 213.

Saurian remains, Hawkins's collection of, xxix, 367.

— —, in the alum shale of England, xxix, 364.

— — of Tilgate Forest, G. A. Mantell's work and memoirs on, xli, 205; xliii, 189.

— — R. Owen's Report on British, xlii, 328.

Saurians in magnesian conglomerate, xxviii, 389.

—, new, S. Stutchbury, xxxi, 364.

—, see farther under Zoology.

Saurocephalus, of R. Harlan, xxvii, 353.

Saurodon, xviii, 246.

Savage, T. S., on African insects, xl, 387.

Savings Bank of Geneva, xxiv, 209.

Saw, moved by mechanism, vii, 198.

—, acceleration of, at night, viii, 393.

— machine, rotary, R. Eastman, v, 146.^f

Saxifraga Careyana, xlii, 32.

Saxton, J., electrographic gilding by, xli, 402.

Say, Thos., observations on some zoophytes, shells, &c., principally fossil, i, 381; ii, 34.

—, American Conchology of, noticed, xxi, 179.

—, notes on Herpetology, i, 256.

—, obituary notice of, xxvii, 393.

Scandinavians, early discovery of America by, xvii, 410.

Scandinavian coast, elevation of, xlvii, 184.

Scanlan, R., on commercial carbonate of ammonia, xxxv, 297.

—, nitrate of silver not blackened by light, xxxv, 298.

Scapolite, pink, of Bolton, formula of, xlvii, 418.

— in Connecticut, viii, 258; xiv, 226.

— in Massachusetts, vii, 53, 252; viii, 233; ix, 47; xiv, 226.

— in New Jersey, vi, 250.

— in New York, ix, 41, 402; xix, 225; xxi, 325; xxv, 348.

— in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; x, 220, 221, 223; xiv, 13.

Scarpa, death of, xxv, 184.

Schaeffer, G. C., on the meteors of August, 1837, and November, 1832, xxxiii, 133.

—, meteor of August, 1840, xxxix, 332.

Schaeffer, F. C., peat of Dutchess Co., N. Y., i, 139.

—, localities of minerals, i, 236.

Schænus effusus, northern limit of, H. B. Croom, xxvi, 315.

Scheerer, on aventurine feldspar, xlix, 394.

—, on polycrase and malacrone, xlix, 394.

Schenck, transit of Mercury, May, 1832, xlix, 148.

Schimpfer, theory of boulders quoted and questioned, xxxvi, 331, 332.

Schistose structure a result of crystallization, J. D. Dana, xlv, 105.

— — in some volcanic rocks, J. D. Dana, xlv, 105.

Schlechtendal, D. F. L. von, Linnæa of, noticed, xxxix, 178; xl, 392.

Schley, G., on steam as a conductor of electricity, xxvi, 206.

Schlossberger, F., on the composition of fungi, xlix, 393.

Schlotheim, E. F. von, notice of, xxxvii, 128.

Schmidt, G., notice of, iii, 79.

Schnederman, on a salt of platinum, xliv, 274.

Schoharie, mineralogy of, xxviii, 172^f; 381.

Schönbein, C. F., on ozone, xlix, 195.

—, on the deoxidation of the ferridcyanide of potassium, and the salts of the peroxide of iron, xlix, 203.

—, on ozone, a supposed cause of odor attending electrical discharges, xli, 44.

Schools for the poor in Italy, iii, 375.

—, Lancasterian, in France, iv, 199, 389.

—, see farther under Education.

Schoolcraft, H. R., native copper of Lake Superior, with a figure, iii, 201.

—, copper mine on Lake Superior, vii, 43.

—, lead mines of Missouri, with geological and miscellaneous notices, iii, 59.

—, on a petrified tree, near Lake Michigan, iv, 285.

—, memoir on a fossil tree, notices of, by John Adams, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, v, 23, 25.

—, on the prints of human feet in limestone, v, 223^f; xliii, 22.

—, localities of minerals, vii, 46.

—, notice of a discourse by, xx, 166.

—, letter on the tide of Lake Superior, xx, 213.

—, address on the North American Indians, xxiv, 190.

—, action of the North American Lakes, xliv, 368.

Schorl, see Tourmaline.

Schröder, J. F., address by, noticed, xxi, 181.

Schweigger-Seidel, general electric formula, xxxv, 356.^f

Schweinfurt green, vii, 386.

Schweinitz, L. D. de, monograph of the genus Viola, v, 48.

—, list of the rarer plants near Easton, Penn., viii, 267.

—, obituary notice of, xxvi, 218.

Schweitzer, G., analysis of seawater near Brighton, xxxviii, 12.

Science, list of men of, who have held offices under government, xx, 172.

— in the South, xxi, 188.

— in the West, xxi, 187.

Scientific publications, recent, in the United Stales, xxvi, 208, 397; xxvii, 395.

— Journals in Great Britain, xxviii, 365.

Sciuri, see under Zoology.

Sclerotic bones of the eyes of birds and reptiles, xxxiii, 289.

Scoresby, W., magnetical investigations, xlviii, 33.

—, improvements by, in magnetic apparatus, xxxiv, 398.

Scotacks, tribe of, in Hungary, v, 384.

Scotland, population of, xxiv, 211.

Scott spring, Virginia, analysis of, xliv, 409.

Scratches, diluvial, caused by ice, according to L. Agassiz's theory, xlii, 350.

—, —, theory of, E. Hitchcock, xli, 255.

—, —, in the United States, xli, 174.

—, —, —, belong to two systems, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 333.

—, — —, on rocks, a few localities of, xvii, 408.

—, —, in Maine, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 153.

—, —, in New Hampshire, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 107.

—, —, —, C. T. Jackson, xlv, 146.

—, —, —, on the rocks at Hebron, xxii, 166.

—, —, in western New York, G. E. Hayes, xxxv, 191.

—, —, —, xxxvi, 39.

—, —, ibid, C. Dewey, xliv, 146.

—, —, on the rocks near New York city, J. E. Dekay, xvi, 357.

—, —, on the rocks, in Sullivan Co., N. Y., W. A. Thompson, xxiii, 243.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, H. D. Rogers, xliii, 180.

—, —, in Ohio, (?) at Sandusky Bay, vi, 179.

—, —, in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 296.

—, —, in the rocks of the Allegany range, xx, 124.

Screws, manufacture of, in Connecticut, ii, 208.

Scrope, G. P., on Volcanoes, review of, xiii, 106.

—, letter to the editor on volcanoes in North America, xiii, 190.

—, descriptive arrangement of volcanic rocks, xv, 28.

Sculpture, by Canova, iv, 371, 389.

Sea and land, relative level of, as regards the tides, xxxi, 335.

—, waves, currents and tides, v, 131.

—, —, —, see farther under Ocean.

—, depth of, v, 130.

—, —, not determinable by the echo, C. Bonnycastle, xxxviii, 161.

—, deep soundings in, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407.

—, encroachments of, near New York, xxxvi, 16.

—, action of, xxi, 21.

— and land breezes, causes of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 65.

—, remarkable agitations of, at the Sandwich Islands, T. C. B. Rooke, xxxvii, 358.

—, Dead, level of, xl, 213; xlii, 214.

—, —, analysis of the waters of, xiii, 395; xlviii, 10.

—, —, account of, J. D. Sherwood, xlviii, 1.

Sea-serpent, remarks concerning, J. Bigelow, ii, 147.

—, xi, 196.

—, on the existence of, xii, 375.

—, xxviii, 372.

Sea-serpentism, history of, S. L. Mitchill, xv, 351.

Seal, T., on beryl, iv, 39.

Sealing wax, method of making, xxi, 150.

— —, improvement in, xxviii, 148.

— —, mode of separating from old letters, xxiii, 200.

Seawater near Brighton, analysis of, G. Schweitzer, xxxviii, 12.

—, Black Sea, analysis of, xx, 188.

—, quantity of salt in, C. Daubeny, xxxvi, 188.

—, potash in, iii, 371.

—, absorption of light by, v, 134.

—, marine animals in, v, 134.

—, color of, vi, 198; xxix, 237.

—, cause of color of, xxvi, 65.^f

—, color of, due in part to iodine and bromine, xvii, 170.

—, density at different depths in the Mediterranean, xvii, 364.

—, distillation of, iii, 381.

—, distilled, use of, i, 172.

—, luminousness or phosphorescence of, v, 133; xvii, 209; xviii, 166, 187; xxxv, 372; xxxvi, 208.

—, saltness of ocean, v, 131.

—, —, H. Humphreys, xlix, 208.

—, —, at different depths, xxiii, 10.

—, specific gravity, v, 129.

—, temperature in different parts, v, 129; xxv, 130.

—, —, at great depths, xvii, 295.

—, —, at different depths, xxiii, 10.

Seaweeds of the Atlantic, xx, 181.

Sedgwick, A., Cambrian system of, xxxvii, 220.

—, address before the Geological Society of London, xxi, 186.

—, letter to R. Elton, xlvi, 403.

Sediment from the Mersey, xxxiii, 269.

Seely, L., garnet locality, iii, 241.

Segregation theory of veins, objections to, from facts in Maine, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 148.

Seiber's Journey into Abyssinia, announced, iv, 383.

Selby, P. J., notice of, xxxvii, 164.

Selenite, see Gypsum.

Selenium, a new metal, i, 310.

Seleniuret of lead, xviii, 391; xix, 369.

— — and mercury, xviii, 391.

— of palladium, xix, 369.

Selloa nudata, v, 300.

Seminole Indians, notice of, ix, 132.

Septaria, large, xxvi, 217.

Serbian, or miloschin, xlii, 386.

Serapis, temple of, account of the changes of level in, C. Babbage, xxvii, 408.

Series, new algebraic, vii, 278; viii, 131; ix, 98, 293.

Serpent rock of Lake Huron, iii, 258.^f

Serpentine, metamorphic, through the agency of heated waters, xlv, 120.

—, crystallized, at Warwick, N. Y., ix, 242.

—, in Tenos, Grecian Archipelago, xxxi, 176.

— of the vicinity of Hudson's Bay, xvii, 12.

—, in Canada, viii, 68.

—, in Connecticut, vi, 227.

—, in Delaware, v, 240.

—, in Maryland, xviii, 80; xxiv, 349; xxvii, 25.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 137; ii, 236; iii, 238; v, 268; vi, 227; viii, 49; ix, 43; x, 213; xii, 260; xxii, 29.

—, in New Jersey, ii, 195; iv, 16; v, 29.

—, in New York, vii, 57; ix, 39, 42; xix, 225, 228; xxv, 349.

—, in Pennsylvania, viii, 237; xiv, 3, 10, 12.

—, in Rhode Island, viii, 225, 228; ix, 51.

—, in Vermont, iii, 76; v, 40, 272; vi, 227, 249; xiii, 200; xxxv, 390; (marble) xxxviii, 198.

Serres, Marcel de, on some new bone caves, xxi, 56.

Serullas, G. S., elected a member of the French Academy, xviii, 185.

—, on iodic acid, and morphine, xx, 184.

—, obituary notice of, xxiii, 371.

Sewell Mountains, xxix, 93.

Sewers, furnace for ventilating, vii, 177.

—, cleansing of, xviii, 161.

Sexes, proportion of, viii, 376.

Seybert, A., notice of, i, 37.

Seybert, H., analysis of the chrysoberyl, of Haddam, Ct., viii, 105.

—, — of bog iron ore from New Jersey, viii, 298.

—, — of the Maclureite, v, 336.

—, — of the melanite of Franklin furnace, N. Jersey, viii, 300.

—, — of pyroxene from the Franklin iron-works, vii, 145.

—, — of sulphuret of molybdenum, iv, 320.

—, — of chromic iron, iv, 321.

—, — of a manganesian garnet, vi, 155.

—, — of the glassy actinolite of Concord, Penn., vi, 331.

—, — of tabular spar, pyroxene and colophonite, from Willsboro', N. Y., v, 113.

—, reclamation of the discovery of fluoric acid in chondrodite, vi, 168, 356.

—, analysis of a meteorite, xvii, 326.

Seybertite, a new mineral, T. G. Clemson, xxiv, 171.

Seyssel cement, xxxiv, 383.

Shad-fisheries of the Delaware, notice of, S. Howell, xxxii, 134.

Shaquaw, Cherokee, prophecy of, iii, 39.

Shark, fossil, xvii, 289.

—, see farther under Zoology.

Sharpening of razors and other cutting instruments, method of, xxi, 165.

Sharpless, J. T., description of the American wild swan, xxii, 83.^f

Sheathing of ships, H. Davy's experiments on, xvii, 244.

— for ships, of leather, xv, 365.

Sheep, relative value of different kinds of food for, xxiii, 393.

—, merino, price of, in France, v, 189.

Sheffey, H. W., ice at the bottom of a river, xxxvi, 186.

Shelburne Falls, Mass., vii, 16.

Sheldon, W., on tanning, &c., i, 312.

Shells, analyses of, W. B. Rogers, xxvi, 361.

—, fancy work from, xxxii, 257.

—, as a circulating medium, xxxii, 258.

—, recent and fossil, see under Zoology.

Shell fish in Ohio, disease among, S. P. Hildreth, xxxii, 97.

— rock, of the Florida coast, ix, 123.

— — of St. Augustine, remarks on, xxxv, 61.

— — of St. Croix, xxxv, 71.

Shepard, C. U., localities of minerals, viii, 235.

—, notice of minerals, xii, 156, 161.

—, measurement of topaz, xii, 158.^f

—, Kyanite and Sillimanite, on the identity of, xii, 159.^f

—, on native iron, xii, 155; xiv, 183; xvii, 140.

—, on phosphate of manganese, tabular spar, &c., xiii, 196.

—, measurement of crystals of zircon, xiii, 392.^f

—, Columbite, stanniferous, in Massachusetts, xvi, 220.^f

—, soda alum, of Milo, analysis of, xvi, 203; xxii, 387.

—, on ferro-silicate of manganese, xvii, 142.^f

—, on new localities of minerals, xvii, 144.

—, mineralogical journey in the northern parts of New England, xvii, 353^f; xviii, 126^f, 289.^f

—, on the Deweylite, xviii, 81.

—, spathic iron mine of New Milford, xix, 311.^f

—, letter to, on the copper ore of Strafford, Vermont, xxi, 383.

—, mineralogy and geology of Orange Co., N. Y., and Sussex Co., N. J., xxi, 321.^f

—, on brown lead ores, xxii, 307.

—, on datholite and iolite in Connecticut, xxii, 389.

—, geological observations upon Alabama, Georgia and Florida, xxv, 162.

—, thermal waters of Suannee, Georgia, producing a silicification of fossils, xxv, 165.

—, on Ball's cave, xxvii, 368.

—, analysis of the waters of the Gray Sulphur spring, Virginia, xxx, 100.

—, microlite, a new mineral, xxvii, 361.

—, —, chemical examination of, xxxii, 338.

—, — not identical with pyrochlore, xliii, 116.

—, on the strontianite of Schoharie, N. Y., xxvii, 363.^f

—, description of Edwardsite, xxxii, 162.

—, Eremite, a new mineral, xxxii, 341.^f

—, copper mines of Connecticut, xxxiii, 160.

—, iron mines and furnaces of Connecticut, xxxiii, 155.

—, second locality of topaz in Connecticut, xxxiv, 329.

—, calstronbaryte, a new mineral species, xxxiv, 161.

—, calstronbaryte, not entitled to be considered a mineralogical species, xliii, 366.

—, phenacite in New England, xxxiv, 329.

—, phenacite from Goshen, not phenacite, xliii, 366.

—, Warwickite, a new mineral, xxxiv, 313; xxxvi, 85.

—, geology of upper Illinois, xxxiv, 134.^f

—, Danburite, a new mineral, xxxv, 137.

—, note to F. Wöhler's analysis of cobalt ores, xxxvi, 332, 333.

—, identity of Edwardsite with Monazite, xxxix, 249.

—, Lederite, a supposed new mineral, xxxix, 357^f; xlviii, 176.

—, on two decomposed varieties of iolite, xli, 354.

—, euclase in Connecticut, xliii, 366.

—, Washingtonite, a new mineral, xliii, 364.^f

—, description and analysis of the meteorite of Virginia, xvi, 191.^f

—, analysis of the Texas meteoric iron, xvi, 217.

—, — of meteoric iron of Buncombe Co., North Carolina, xxxvi, 81.

—, — of a Wisconsin meteorite, xxxix, 254.

—, account of the meteoric iron of Oswego, with an analysis, xl, 366.^f

—, ibid, of Guilford Co., N. C., with an analysis, xl, 368.

—, analysis of meteoric iron from Tennessee, xliii, 354.

—, on phosphate of lime in the Virginia meteoric stone, xlv, 102.

—, meteoric (native) iron of Canaan, Ct., analysis of, xii, 155.

—, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 359.

—, experiments with Henry's magnet, xx, 201.

—, extracts from foreign Journals, xx, 197.

—, notice by, of the transactions of the Geological Society of France, for 1833, xxviii, 283.

—, notice of the report by, on the geology and mineralogy of Connecticut, xxxii, 399; xxxiii, 151.

—, notice of Travels in the Alps, xxviii, 296.

—, Mineralogy, notice of, xxi, 389; xxii, 395; xxviii, 374; xxxv, 187.

—, reply to A. Del Rio's observations on C. U. Shepard's Treatise of Mineralogy, xxvii, 312; xxxi, 131.

—, Del Rio's reply to, xxx, 384.

—, Mineralogy, second edition, review of, xlvii, 333, 346.

—, reply to a notice of his mineralogy, xlviii, 168.

—, private school of mineralogy, xxv, 431; xxvi, 215.

Shepherd, F., on the fall of a meteorite, in Missouri, xxxvii, 385.

—, experiments on the solar spectrum, xlviii, 137.

Sherwin, T., Algebra of, noticed, xliii, 190.

Sherwood, H. H., discoveries by, in magnetism, xxxiv, 210.

Sherwood, J. D., on the valley of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, xlviii, 1.

Shetland Islands, minerals of, iv, 25.

—, New South, minerals from, xii, 161.

Shillaber, J., description of a mermaid, vi, 195.

Ships, best form for, J. S. Russel, xxxv, 290.

—, sheathing for, of leather, xv, 365.

—, fastenings and sheathings for, xvi, 180.

—, —, H. Davy's experiments on, xvii, 244.

—, improvements in the keels of, O. Lang, xxxiv, 35.

—, lightning conductors for, xxi, 347.

—, steam, without masts, xxxv, 332.

Shooting stars, in the years 1768, and 686 B.C.; A.D. 7, 532, 558, 585, 611, 744 or 747, 750, 764, 765, 829, 855, 899, 901, 902, 912 or 913, 931 or 934, 935, 1029, 1060, 1090, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1106, 1122, 1199, 1202, 1243, 1366, 1398, 1399, 1635, 1636, 1743, 1799, 1803, 1832, 1833, notices of, E. C. Herrick, xl, 349 to 363.

— —, of August in the years 1800, 1815, 1819, 1822, 1836, notices of, E. C. Herrick, xxxvii, 335, 336.

— —, of December, 1692, E. C. Herrick, xlii, 400.

— —, of December, 1798, H. W. Brandes, xxxv, 361.

— —, of November, 1799, noticed by Humboldt, S. P. Hildreth, xxvi, 87.

— —, —, ibid, E. C. Herrick, xl, 363.

— —, of June, 1799, 1812, 1817, E. C. Herrick, xlii, 201.

— —, —, 1777, Messier, xxxiii, 364.

— —, of April 20, 1803, D. Olmsted, xxvi, 135.

— —, —, E. C. Herrick, xxxvi, 358; xl, 363.

— —, of November, 1803, a large meteor in England, xxvi, 137.

— —, of December, 1809, E. C. Herrick, xxxvi, 357.

— —, of December, 1824, E. C. Herrick, xxxvi, 357.

— —, of November, 1831, Berard, xxx, 374.

— —, of November, 1832, notices by D. Olmsted, xxvi, 134, 136.

— —, —, in Russia, xxxi, 189.

— —, —, off Pernambuco, G. C. Schaeffer, xxxiii, 133.

— —, —, Gautier, xxxiii, 364.

— —, —, in England, xxvi, 136.

— —, —, in the Tyrol, xxvi, 134.

— —, —, at Mocha on the Red Sea, xxvi, 136.

— —, of November, 1833, E. Hitchcock, xxv, 354.

— —, —, D. Olmsted, xxv, 363; xxvi, 132; xxix, 376.

— —, —, A. C. Twining, xxvi, 320.^f

— —, —, A. D. Bache, xxix, 383.

— —, of November, 1834, A. D. Bache, xxvii, 335; xxviii, 305; xxix, 383.

— —, —, A. C. Twining, xxvii, 339.

— —, —, D. Olmsted, xxvii, 417; xxix, 168.

— —, —, seen in California, xxxii, 195.

— —, of November, 1835, D. Olmsted, xxx, 375.

— —, —, Cape of Good Hope, J. F. W. Herschel, xxx, 374.

— —, of November, 1836, D. Olmsted, xxxi, 386.

— —, —, at Hingham, Mass., J. L. Russel, xxxii, 392.

— —, —, foreign accounts of, xxxii, 181.

— —, of August, 1837, E. C. Herrick, xxxiii, 176, 354, 401; xxxiv, 180.

— —, —, G. C. Schaeffer, xxxiii, 133.

— —, of November, 1837, D. Olmsted, xxxiii, 379.

— —, of April, 1838, E. C. Herrick, xxxiv, 398.

— —, of August, 1838, E. C. Herrick, xxxv, 167.

— —, of November, 1838, D. Olmsted, xxxv, 368.

— —, —, E. C. Herrick, xxxv, 362.

— —, —, at Cambridge, Mass., J. Lovering, xxxv, 323.

— —, —, in Europe, xxxvi, 179.

— —, of December, 1838, E. C. Herrick, xxxv, 361; xxxvi, 355; xlii, 398.

— —, —, in Europe, xli, 403; xlii, 398.

— —, of April, 1839, E. C. Herrick, xxxvi, 361.

— —, of August, 1839, E. C. Herrick, xxxvii, 325; xxxviii, 203.

— —, —, at Canton, China, P. Parker, xxxviii, 301.

— —, of October, 1839, E. C. Herrick, xxxviii, 377.

— —, of November and December, 1839, E. C. Herrick, xxxviii, 377.

— —, of November, 1839, D. Olmsted, xl, 202.

— —, of August, 1840, E. C. Herrick, xxxix, 328, 332; xl, 201.

— —, of November, 1840, nothing unusual, D. Olmsted, xl, 202.

— —, of October and December, 1840, E. C. Herrick, xl, 203.

— —, of April, 1841, E. C. Herrick, xlii, 397.

— —, of August, 1841, E. C. Herrick, xli, 399; xlii, 202.

— —, of August and November, abstract of S. C. Walker's paper on, xlii, 401.

— —, of November, 1841, xliii, 399.

— —, of April, 1842, E. C. Herrick, xliii, 212.

— —, of August, 1842, E. C. Herrick, xliii, 377; xliv, 208.

— —, of August 22, 1842, seen in the day time, at Winchester, Va., C. Chase, xliv, 418.

— —, of November, 1842, E. C. Herrick, xliv, 209.

— —, of December, 1842, E. C. Herrick, xliv, 210.

— —, of April, 1843, E. C. Herrick, xlv, 230.

— —, of August, 1844, E. C. Herrick, xlviii, 316.

— —, —, S. R. Williams, xlviii, 320.

— —, see farther under Meteor.

— —, attributed to Auroral vapor, xx, 153.

— —, Arago, hypothesis of a zone of asteroids revolving about the sun, xxxiii, 363.

— —, —, origin of, beyond the atmosphere, xxx, 373.

— —, Bache, A. D., on the non-occurrence of a shower of meteors, Nov. 13, 1834, xxvii, 335; xxviii, 305; xxix, 383.

— —, Benzenberg, J. F., and Brandes, H. W., made the first observations relative to the distances, velocities, &c., xxxv, 366.

— —, Brandes, H. W., investigation of, xv, 168; xxviii, 97; xxxv, 231, 232, 366.

— —, —, number, duration, course of, &c., xv, 168; xxviii, 97; xxxiii, 361.

— —, —, mode of calculation respecting, xxviii, 98.^f

— —, —, table of, calculated, xxviii, 101.

— —, Clarke, W. A., on the origin of, xxx, 369.

— —, Erman, origin of, cosmical, xl, 53.

— —, —, motion and mode of revolution, xl, 53.

— —, —, velocity, perihelion distances, position, xl, 53, 54.

— —, Fisher, F. G., origin of, atmospheric, and connected with electricity, xxviii, 289.

— —, Gruithuisen, origin of, beyond the earth's atmosphere, from metallic vapors, xxviii, 290.

— —, Halley, E., suggested the determination of longitude by means of, xlii, 399.

— —, Herrick, E. C., on the number of showers of, in a year, xxxiii, 360; xxxv, 366; xxxix, 334.

— —, —, facts establishing the August period, xxxiii, 177, 354.

— —, —, observations on the August period, in early times, xxxvii, 337;

–in 1800, 1815, 1819, 1822, 1836, xxxvii, 335, 336;

–in 1837, xxxiii, 176, 354, 401; xxxiv, 180;

–1838, xxxv, 167;

–1839, xxxvii, 325; xxxviii, 203;

–1840, xxxix, 328, 332; xl, 201;

–1841, xli, 399; xlii, 202;

–1842, xliii, 377; xliv, 208;

–1844, xlviii, 316.

— —, —, characteristics of the August shower, xxxiii, 359; xxxix, 330.

— —, —, cycle of the November shower, xxxv, 367; xl, 365.

— —, —, return of the November shower probable in 1867, xl, 365.

— —, —, observations on the November showers, of former periods, xl, 363;

–in 1838, xxxv, 362;

–in 1839, xxxviii, 377;

–1842, xliv, 209.

— —, —, notices of observations in December, 1692, xlii, 400;

–1809, xxxvi, 357;

–1824, xxxvi, 357;

–in 1838, xxxv, 361, 365; xxxvi, 355; xlii, 398;

–in 1839, xxxviii, 377;

–in 1840, xl, 203;

–1842, xliv, 210.

— —, —, cycle of the April shower, xxxv, 367; xl, 365.

— —, —, observations on April showers, of former periods, xxxvi, 361;

–in 1803, xxxvi, 358;

–1838, xxxiv, 398;

–1839, xxxvi, 361;

–1841, xlii, 397;

–1842, xliii, 212;

–1843, xlv, 230.

— —, —, notices of observations in June, xxxix, 334; xlii, 201.

— —, —, notices of observations in October, 1839, xxxviii, 377;

–1840, xl, 203.

— —, —, notices of observations in January, xxxix, 334.

— —, —, remarks on the zone-theory of, xxxiii, 363; xxxv, 367.

— —, —, on the supposed connexion of, with the Zodiacal light, xxxiii, 364; xxxv, 368; xxxix, 331.

— —, —, nature, motions and distance of, xxxiii, 360; xxxv, 366.

— —, —, average daily number, xxxiii, 362.

— —, —, average hourly number, xxxiii, 362; xxxv, 365.

— —, —, apparent sizes, colors, &c., xxxiii, 360; xxxix, 330.

— —, —, hour of maximum in August, xxxix, 330.

— —, —, radiant point, xxxvii, 328; xxxix, 330.

— —, Hitchcock, E., magnetic or Auroral origin of, suggested, xxv, 355.

— —, —, observations in November, 1833, xxv, 354.

— —, Ideler, J. L., conclusions as to the atmospheric origin (vegetable and animal) of, xxviii, 289.

— —, Laplace, P. S., remark as to the prevailing ignorance on, xxviii, 59.

— —, Loomis, E., on the sizes, heights, paths, course and velocities of, xxviii, 95; xxxv, 231.

— —, —, apparent direction of, dependent on the motion of the earth, xxviii, 104.

— —, —, on the course, velocity, height and size of the meteor of May 18, 1838, mathematically calculated, xxxv, 223.

— —, Lynn, G., first laid down a method for determining longitude by, xlii, 399.

— —, Maskelyne, N., on determining longitude by, xlii, 399; xliv, 374.

— —, Messier, on some meteors seen crossing the sun's disk, June, 1777, xxxiii, 364.

— —, Olmsted, D., on the November shower of 1833, xxv, 363; xxvi, 132^f; xxix, 376.

— —, —, notices of observations on, in November, 1832, xxvi, 136;

–1834, xxvii, 417, xxix, 168;

–1835, xxx, 374;

–1836, xxxi, 386;

–1837, xxxiii, 379;

–1838, xxxv, 368;

–1840, xl, 202.

— —, —, November period continued in 1837, xxxiii, 379.

— —, —, November period passed, in 1838, xl, 202.

— —, —, ibid, length of, and cycle, xl, 203.

— —, —, ibid, time of maximum number and duration of shower in, xxv, 386, 402; xxvi, 141; xxxiii, 381.

— —, —, ibid, whole number, xxv, 389.

— —, —, ibid, height, course of, and direction, xxv, 392, 393; xxvi, 144; xxxiii, 381.

— —, —, ibid, sound from, xxv, 392, 404.

— —, —, ibid, apparent origin and radiation, xxv, 394, 405; xxxiii, 386, 390.

— —, —, ibid, velocity, xxvi, 147^f, 149; xxxiii, 383.

— —, —, ibid, size, xxv, 408; xxvi, 155; xxxiii, 382.

— —, —, ibid, matter supposed to have come from, xxv, 396, 408.

— —, —, ibid, Auroral appearances attending, xxv, 397, 410.

— —, —, ibid, concurrent phenomena, xxv, 398, 401; xxvi, 160.

— —, —, ibid, electrical and magnetic phenomena accompanying, xxv, 396, 409.

— —, —, origin of, beyond the atmosphere, xxvi, 140; xxix, 377.

— —, —, combustible nature of, and other characters, xxvi, 151, 161; xxix, 377.

— —, —, relation to the solar system, and orbital motion of supposed shooting star nebula, xxvi, 163^f; xxix, 377.

— —, —, connection with Zodiacal light, xxvi, 172; xxix, 378; xxxiii, 390.^f

— —, —, remarks in reply to objections to his theory of, xxix, 380; xxx, 370.^f

— —, Quetelet, report of desultory remarks at the British Association of 1833, xxviii, 59.

— —, —, general average per hour, xxxv, 365.

— —, Twining, A. C., on the meteors of November, 1833, xxvi, 320^f;

–1834, xxvii, 339.

— —, —, examination of D. Olmsted's views on, xxvi, 321.

— —, —, time and maximum of shower, November, 1833, xxvi, 323.

— —, —, the radiant point fixed independent of the earth's rotation, xxvi, 325, 347; xxvii, 339.

— —, —, nature and cause of, xxvi, 335.

— —, —, height of several calculated, xxvi, 337.^f

— —, —, velocity of, xxvi, 346.

— —, —, character of orbital motion and period of, xxvi, 348, 349.

— —, —, Walker, S. C., on the showers of, in August, xl, 51; xlii, 401.

— —, —, ibid, radiant point and other observations, xl, 51.

Shortrede, R., logarithmic tables of, noticed, xlviii, 208.

Shower of red matter like blood in Tennessee, a hoax, xliv, 216, (see xli, 403.)

Siamese twins, an account of, J. C. Warren, xvii, 212.^f

Sibbald, R., notice of, with an enumeration of his works, xxxvii, 138.

Siberia, steppes, xvii, 23.

—, depth of the frozen ground in, xxxvi, 210.

—, temperature of the ground in, xxxvi, 205.

—, notice of Humboldt's expedition to, xvii, 405.

Siberian elm, notice of, xx, 377.

Sibley, J., fact from a letter by, relating to the Texas meteoric iron, viii, 221.

Sicily, earthquakes of 1823, ix, 216.

—, geological structure of, F. Ferrara, viii, 201.

—, marbles of, viii, 203.

—, minerals of, viii, 203.

—, geology of, C. Daubeny, x, 230.^f

—, volcanic character of, xiii, 272.

—, fountain of Cyana in, xxvii, 82.

Sida abutilon, affording a material for cordage, xxi, 37.

Sidero-graphite, J. Torrey, ii, 176, 370.

Sideroscope, xv, 177.

Siebold's Flora Japonica, noticed, xxxix, 175.

Sienite, see Syenite.

Sigillaria, generic characters, vii, 180.

— marineria, xxxi, 30.^f

— in the coal fields near Liverpool, xlv, 403.

—, remarks on the relation of, to Stigmariæ, xlix, 227.

Signals, iii, 382.

—, telegraphic, by rockets, v, 189.

Signs, observations on the language of, viii, 348.

Silene axillaris, vii, 62.

— regia, xi, 182.

Silex, fusion of, ii, 292.

—, solubility of, xiv, 385; xli, 60.

—, gelatinous, Guillemin, xiv, 391.

—, in solution, in geodes, viii, 282.

—, —, ibid, G. Bischof, xlix, 396.

—, hydrate of, xv, 390.

— in plants, xxxiv, 27.

Siliceous buhr millstone deposits of Ohio, xxix, 142.

— —, hot water origin, xxix, 45.

— minerals, on the treatment of, by carbonated alkalies, xviii, 404.

— —, solution of, by steam, xlviii, 397.

— glass from burning hay, xix, 395; xxiv, 174.

— corals, i, 141.

— shells, corals and wood of Antigua, S. Hovey, xxxv, 79;

–due to siliceous solutions, 82.

— Sinter of the Azores, J. W. Webster, iii, 391.

— springs and deposits in India, Newbold, xlix, 398.

— substances, porosity of, vii, 192.

— —, containing siliceous infusoria and minute organic remains, Turpin, xxxii, 400.

Silicic acid, see Silex.

— ether, Ebelman, xlix, 192.

Silicification of fossils, proceeding from thermal springs in Florida, C. U. Shepard, xxv, 165.

— of wood, xxxiii, 108.

—, remarks on, J. D. Dana, xlviii, 88, 397; xlix, 227.

Silicified wood, see Fossil.

Silicon, how obtained, ix, 377.

—, a process for obtaining, R. Hare, xxii, 189; xxiv, 247^f; xl, 28.

—, production of, from paracyanogen, S. M. Brown, xli, 208.

—, on the alleged conversion of carbon into, xlii, 193.

Silk, on the manufacture of, in America, xviii, 382; xix, 175.

—, review of F. Pascalis on the culture of, xvii, 202; xviii, 278.

—, practical instruction concerning, xviii, 207, 278.

—, on the culture of, in India, xl, 39.

—, grown at Nottingham, England, xxxviii, 130.

Silk-worm, amount of silk from one, viii, 391.

—, new, xxxiii, 206.

Silliman, B., geological notices of New Haven and Litchfield Cos., Conn., ii, 201.

—, on prussic acid, ii, 81.

—, experiments with the gas blowpipe, ii, 282; iii, 89; vi, 349.

—, on an argentiferous galena from Huntington, Ct., and miscellaneous observations on lead ores, iii, 173.

—, circumstances connected with the formation of ice on still waters, iii, 179.

—, progress of American science, v, 197; xliii, 224.

—, tempest of Sept. 3, 1821, iv, 171.

—, natural ice-houses, iv, 174.

—, conversion of cannon balls into plumbago, iv, 179.

—, yellow oxide of tungsten, iv, 187.

—, fusion of charcoal, graphite, anthracite, &c. with the deflagrator, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 378; x, 109, 119.

—, — ibid, with the compound blowpipe, vi, 349.

—, relations between the calorimotor and deflagrator, and other galvanic batteries, vi, 337.

—, application of fluor to etching glass, vi, 354.

—, on the cutting of steel by soft iron, vii, 342.

—, on the economical use of the anthracite of Pennsylvania, x, 331.

—, — — of R. Island, xi, 78.

—, on the igneous origin of some trap rocks, xvii, 119.

—, on the anthracite region in the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys, xviii, 308.^f

—, notes on Mauch Chunk and other anthracite regions of Pennsylvania, xix, 1.

—, on the safety of steamboats, xix, 143.

—, notice of a fountain of petrolium, or oil spring, of Allegany Co., N. Y., xxiii, 97.

—, on the gold mines and region of Virginia, xxxii, 98.

—, experiments on different varieties of gold rock, xxxii, 105.

—, chemical examination of the coal of Chesterfield Co., Va., xlii, 369.

—, remarks on Phrenology, xxxix, 67.

—, remarks on ancient mounds, xliii, 152.

—, Address before the Assoc. Amer. Geol., 1841, xli, 187;

–1842, xliii, 217.

—, review of Mantell's Medals of Creation, xlviii, 105.

—, work on Chemistry by, noticed, xix, 343; xx, 96.

—, comparison of British and American Journals of Science in 1834, xxvi, 174.

Silliman, B., Jr., on the electrotype, xl, 157.^f

—, analysis of the alluvium of the Nile, xl, 190.

—, rhombic structure of Connecticut sandstone, xli, 173.

—, soil of the Nile, xli, 160.

—, a daguerrotype experiment by galvanic light, xliii, 185.

—, use of carbon in Grove's battery, xliii, 393.

—, account of a carbon battery, xliv, 180.^f

—, scratches on rocks of Connecticut, xlv, 333.

—, review of Dana's Mineralogy, xlvi, 362.^f

—, analysis of Haydenite, xlvi, 379.

—, on meteoric iron from Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 401.

—, on the trap and sandstone of Connecticut, xlvii, 107.

—, natural polariscope, xlvii, 418.

—, analysis of waters of the Dead Sea, xlviii, 10.

—, analysis of the mud of New Haven harbor, xlviii, 337.

—, reply to C. U. Shepard on a notice of his Mineralogy, xlviii, 179.

—, notice of meteoric iron from Cambria, near Lockport, N. Y., xlviii, 388.^f

Silliman, B. D., experiments on topaz, x, 352.

—, notice of an Aurora, xiv, 91.

Sillimanite, named, described and analyzed by G. T. Bowen, viii, 113.

—, notice of, viii, 195.

—, compared crystallographically with Kyanite, C. U. Shepard, xii, 59.^f

—, crystal of, with analyses, xlvi, 381.^f

—, analysis of, xlviii, 219.

—, analysis by T. Thomson, xlix, 396.

—, locality of, and of monazite, in Westchester Co., N. Y., xlvi, 207.

Silphium, v, 301.

Silurian or transition system, xxxv, 243.

— — —, R. I. Murchison on, noticed, xxxvi, 399; xxxvii, 219; xliv, 193.

— system of England and Europe, xxxvii, 219.

— rocks of Denbigshire, J. E. Bowman, xlii, 325.

— — of New York, xl, 77.

— system, and its characteristic fossils, T. A. Conrad, xxxviii, 86.

— —, ibid, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 145.

— fossils, in Indiana, xlvi, 296.

Silver, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189.

—, effect of terrestrial magnetism on the precipitation of, xvi, 262.

—, Gregory's method of obtaining, from the chloride, xlvi, 201.

—, reduction of the chloride of, xxviii, 145.

—, production of the discolored chloride of, Cavalier, xx, 193; xxi, 369.

—, chloride of, on the change of color, xx, 193; xxi, 369.

—, fulminating, accidents from, i, 169; xxii, 185.

—, —, xviii, 335.

—, —, of Berthollet, xviii, 155.

—, —, Mitscherlich's mode of preparation, xix, 379.

—, on some of the substances which may be used in forming a metallic mirror by the precipitation of the oxide of, xlix, 398.

—, hyperoxide of, xlix, 194, 391.

—, purple precipitate of, xxii, 198.

—, German, made by Frick, xiii, 172.

—, imitation, xxiii, 195.

—, preparation of pure nitrate of, v, 348; xxiv, 370.

—, nitrate of, reduced by remaining in a pasteboard box, xviii, 400.

—, —, pure, not blackened by sun's rays, xxxv, 298.

—, native, at Huntington, Conn., vi, 230.

—, —, in New Jersey, v, 401.

—, —, of Davidson Co., N. C., xli, 183, 349.

—, —, in Michigan, Lake Superior, xli, 185; xlix, 81.

— of Lane's mine, analysis of, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 256.

—, in the Southampton lead mines, Mass., xxii, 63.

—, fruitless search for, in Ohio, xxv, 224.

— ores, reduction of, W. W. Mather, xxiv, 218.

—, yield of Russian mines of, xxi, 372.

— mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34.

— — of the Hartz, xix, 113.

— — of Peru and Chili, xvii, 43.

— —, —, Pasco, S. America, sketch of, De Rivero, xvii, 43.^f

— — —, Tarapaca, xliv, 8.

— — of Mexico and South America, xxiv, 213, 226.

— — of Davidson Co., North Carolina, xli, 183, 348.

—, sulphuret of, in New York, i, 237.

— ore, red, analysis of, v, 377.

— paper, mode of imitating, xix, 189.

Silvering copper, xxiii, 386.

— glass, Drayton's method, xlix, 198.

— iron, xxx, 169.

Simond, L., notice of, xxiii, 371.

Sines and cosines of the sum and difference of two arcs, formulæ for, T. Strong, i, 424.^f

—, rational expression for, D. Gould, xxii, 392.

Singapore, climate and productions of, J. S. Travelli, xliv, 151.

Siren, notice of genus and species, D. H. Barnes, xi, 281.

Sismondine, analysis and description of, A. Delesse, xlvii, 217.

Sium tricuspidatum, xi, 175.

Sivatherium, xxxi, 170; xxxiii, 104.

Size for artists, receipt for, xxi, 168.

—, new, for the chain of woven cloth, xxii, 366.

— for cotton or linen, preparation of, xxii, 367.

Skeleton, human, of Guadaloupe, J. Moultrie, xxxii, 361.

—, —, ancient in Ohio, ii, 242.

—, preservation of, xix, 57.

Skene, J., on the emigration of a colony of caterpillars, ix, 284.^f

—, graduation of thermometers, xii, 397.

Skidmore, T., formation of flexible elastic lubes, v, 153.

Skins, preservation of, xi, 397.

—, —, see farther under Preservation.

Skugisan, xxvi, 388.

Skull found in a tree, iv, 377.

—, of Guadaloupe human skeleton, J. Moultrie, xxxii, 361.

Skulls, singular variety of, from Peru and Bolivia, xxviii, 78.

—, American, observations on, J. C. Warren, xxxiv, 47.

—, —, S. G. Morton on, xxxviii, 341.^f

—, S. G. Morton's collection of, xxi, 197.

—, proposed new work on, by S. G. Morton, xxxii, 207.

—, — —, reviewed, xxxviii, 341.^f

Skunk, American, iv, 391.

Sky, on the cause of the blue appearance of, B. Hallowell, xv, 360.

—, ibid, xxvi, 65.

Slates, artificial, in Russia, vii, 191.

Slate, roof, in western Massachusetts, viii, 19, 20.

—, —, in Worcester Co., Mass., xxii, 34.

—, fused to hornstone, xxxiv, 73.

Sleep of plants, xxii, 375.

Slide of Alpnach, xxiv, 124.

— in Essex Mountains, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 313.

— from Mount Pilatus to the Lake of Lucerne, iii, 368.

— and avalanches in the White and Green Mountains, xv, 217.

Small pox, nature of the virus of, xix, 389.

— —, F. Pascalis's theory of its origin, x, 208.

— —, on the increase, xxxviii, 134.

— —, power of new virus, xxxviii, 134.

Smilax grandifolia, xlv, 171.

Smith, Al., Connecticut valley, water courses and geology of, xxii, 205.^f

—, — —, terraces of, xxii, 214.

—, — —, ancient lakes, xxii, 216.

—, — —, greenstone, xxii, 224.

Smith, Az., electricity in machines, xxxix, 134.

—, ruins of Nineveh, xlix, 113.

Smith, D. B., Principle of Chemistry, by, noticed, xlvii, 414.

Smith, E. D., effects of earthquakes of 1811-12, i, 93.

—, Warm springs in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, iii, 117.

—, analysis of the Harrodsburg salt, i, 403.

—, application of medico-chemistry to calculous affections, iii, 300.

Smith, F. L., on the gold deposits of a portion of North Carolina, xxxii, 130.

Smith, H., letter to B. Silliman, xxxv, 336.

Smith, H. L., on some nebulæ, xl, 37.

—, discovery of a comet, xlvii, 419.

Smith, J., on Atlantic steam navigation, xxxv, 160, 332; xxxvi, 133.

Smith, J. D., analyses of guano, xlviii, 183.

Smith, J. L., on the means of detecting arsenic, xl, 278; xlii, 75.^f

—, action of some alkaline salts on the sulphate of lead, xlvii, 81.

—, instrument for estimating the carbonate of lime in calcareous substances, xlv, 262.^f

—, action of phosphates of alkalies on carbonate of lime, &c., xlviii, 97.

—, chromate of potash, a reagent for distinguishing the salts of baryta and strontia, xxxvi, 183.

—, action of potash in cholesterine, xliv, 60.

—, notice of V. Regnault on the dilatation of gases, xliv, 63.

—, on Varrentrapp and Will's mode of determining the nitrogen in organic compounds, xlii, 253^f; xlv, 267.

—, composition and products of distillation of spermaceti, and its oxidation by nitric acid, xliii, 301.

—, composition of marl from Ashley river, S. Carolina, xlviii, 101.

—, on fluorine in bones, xlvii, 131; xlviii, 99.

—, oxide of cobalt at Silver Bluff, S. Carolina, xlvii, 131; xlviii, 103.

—, a new method of making permanent magnets, by galvanism, xxxvi, 335.^f

Smith, J. P., lectures on geology, xli, 387.

Smith, J. V. C., remarks on his "Fishes of Massachusetts," xxxvi, 337.

Smith, L. W., suspended animation from drowning, v, 125.

Smith, N., obituary notice of, xvi, 211.

Smith, S., on the salt springs and manufacture of salt at Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6.

Smith, W., labors of, in English geology, xl, 219; xliii, 226.

Smithson, notice of, xx, 306.

Smoke, production and prevention of, H. Dircks, xlvi, 400.

— disperser, Millet's, xvii, 164.

Snail, edible, economical notice of, xxxii, 254.

Snails, habits of, J. T. Plummer, xlviii, 93.

—, see farther under Zoology, Mollusca.

Snake, copper-head, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 84.

Snakes, fascination of, xii, 368.

—, ibid, objected to, xiii, 388.

—, preserving of, xii, 288.

—, two headed, S. L. Mitchill, x, 48.^f

—, remarks on, S. Woodruff, xxix, 304.

—, suspended by spiders, xxvii, 307.^f

Snake Hill, Saratoga lake, ix, 1.^f

Snake-root, Turman's, a supposed antidote for the bite of rattlesnake, N. Carolina, xlii, 43.

Snell, E. S., instrument for exhibiting a certain optical deception, xxvii, 310.

—, facts relative to the temperature of the year 1839, from observations at Amherst College, xxxix, 36.^f

—, a singular case of parhelion, and the theory of halos, xlix, 73.^f

—, on some new articles of philosophical apparatus, xlix, 20.^f

Snow, animalcules in, xviii, 56.

—, balls of, at Brunswick, Me., vi, 162.

—, clearing of, from the Baltimore railway, xx, 166.^f

—, crystallization of, J. Green, ii, 337.^f

—, —, C. Dewey, iii, 367.

—, cylinders of, ii, 375.

—, at New Fane, Vt., 1823-4, depth of, M. Field, viii, 306.

—, at Marietta, Ohio, see S. P. Hildreth's meteorological registers from 1829 to 1844.

—, inflammable, on a substance so called, Hermann, xxviii, 361.

—, red, x, 192.

—, —, an animal production, xli, 64.

—, —, near Boston, in 1688, xliii, 399.

—, —, of Baffin's Bay, ii, 356.

— and hail, singular appearances of, D. A. Clark, ii, 132.

Soap, notice of Chevreul's observations on, ix, 189.

—, economical mode of making, xxxvii, 194.

—, from the Caraibes insects in Africa, iv, 195.

— bubbles, illustration of cohesive force with, J. Henry, xlviii, 215.

—, making, preservation of animal fat for, xxxvii, 194.

Soapstone, and its uses, xiv, 376.

—, used for diminishing friction in machines, xiii, 192.

— and mica slate, connection of, near Lowell, Mass., xxvii, 341.

—, of Maryland, xxvii, 17, 20.

—, in Virginia, i, 62.

—, see farther under Steatite.

Societies, admission fees to various foreign, xx, 165.

—, number of members of a few prominent, xx, 173.

Society, (in England,) of Arts Manufactures and Commerce, of London, xviii, 390; xxxix, 397.

—, —, Astronomical, of London, ii, 364.

—, —, Egyptian, of London, ii, 345.

—, —, Electrical, xxxiv, 401.

—, —, Geological, number of fellows of, in 1837, xxxiii, 76.

—, —, —, xli, 190.

—, —, Geographical, of London, xxxii, 383.

—, —, Meteorological, of London, xxxiv, 400.

—, —, Microscopic, of London, xxxix, 203; xliii, 391.

—, —, Royal, iii, 373.

—, —, Traveller's, v, 175.

—, —, Yorkshire Philosophical, xxi, 168.

—, (in Scotland,) Royal, xli, 382.

—, (in Ireland,) Belfast Natural History, ix, 381; xxviii, 369.

—, —, Geological, of Dublin, xxviii, 368.

—, (in Europe,) for the encouragement of Agriculture, Industry and the Arts, in Switzerland, vii, 381.

—, —, for the amelioration of Prisons in Russia, iii, 374.

—, —, for the advancement of the Arts at Geneva, v, 379; vi, 392.

—, —, Bible, of Athens, iii, 381.

—, —, for the encouragement of National Industry in France, expenditure of, for 1821, vii, 198, 371.

—, —, of Christian Morals in France, v, 194.

—, —, Geographical, at Paris, viii, 384.

—, —, Geological, of France, xxiv, 192; xxviii, 283.

—, —, Helvetic, of Natural Sciences, x, 377; xviii, 168.

—, —, Horticultural, of Paris, xv, 378.

—, —, Linnæan, of Paris, v, 382; x, 195; xi, 380.

—, —, —, of Bordeaux, x, 173.

—, —, Literary, of Antwerp, iv, 380.

—, —, Medical, (Royal) in France, iv, 378.

—, —, of Northern Antiquaries, xl, 212, 403; xlii, 214.

—, —, Polytechnic, of Paris, xxiv, 191.

—, (in Canada,) Literary and Scientific, xx, 168.

—, —, Historical and Literary, of Quebec, transactions of, xvii, 412; xx, 168; xxv, 211; xxviii, 368.

—, (in United States,) enunciation of scientific, x, 369.

—, —, American Antiquarian, iii, 357; xviii, 136.

—, —, American Geological, notice of, i, 442; ii, 139; v, 403; vi, 377.

—, —, ibid, proceedings of, iii, 360; iv, 191; ix, 178; x, 201.

—, —, American Philosophical, notice of transactions of, xxxvii, 188.

—, —, ibid, proceedings of, xxxviii, 153; xxxix, 361; xl, 27, 374.

—, —, ibid, proceedings at the centennial anniversary of, in 1843, xlv, 231.

—, —, Albany Institute, transactions of, xvii, 208, 415; xix, 173, 360.

—, —, Boston Natural History, annual report of, giving some account of the cabinet of, xxxii, 364;

proceedings of, xxxiii, 180.

—, —, ibid, notice of Journal of, xxvi, 397;

–proceedings of, xxviii, 373; xxxi, 185; xxxiii, 180; xxxvi, 379; xxxvii, 391; xxxviii, 193; xxxix, 182; xl, 196, 386; xlii, 379; xliv, 193; xlvii, 411.

—, —, Cincinnati Natural History, address from, on collecting specimens and information, i, 203.

—, —, Delaware Chemical and Geological, notice of, v, 198.

—, —, Essex County Natural History, notice of Journal of, xxxvii, 187.

—, —, Entomological, of Pennsylvania, xliv, 199.

—, —, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, established, ix, 391.

—, —, Franklin, of Providence, xviii, 195.

—, —, Hartford Natural History, xxxii, 392.

—, —, Yale Natural History, xxx, 187; xxxiv, 397.

—, —, Indiana Historical, notice of, xx, 163; xxiv, 181.

—, —, New York State Horticultural, formed, viii, 398.

—, —, Statistical, of New York, notice of, xxxii, 202.

—, see farther under Academy, Association, Lyceum and Institute.

Soda, crude, of commerce, remarks on, J. Revere, xiv, 41.

—, prepared from the sulphate of soda, xiii, 176.

—, impurities in, xix, 83.

—, carbonate of, on the manufacture, xxviii, 143.

—, supercarbonate of, new mode of preparing, xxx, 189.

—, —, xix, 198.

—, nitrate of, in Atacama, Peru, xii, 385.

—, —, in Tarapaca, xxxviii, 410; xxxix, 375; xliv, 5.

—, anhydrous sulphate of, xiii, 185.

—, hyposulphite of, Plessy, xlix, 200.

— and magnesia sulphate, xlviii, 189.

— alum, at Milo, analysis of, xvi, 203; xxii, 387.

Sodium, preparation of, viii, 372.

—, a property of, xvii, 182.

—, price of, in 1825, ix, 387.

—, experiments on, J. T. Ducatel, xxv, 90.

—, chloride of, see Salt.

Soils, analysis of, remarks on, A. Eaton, xii, 370.

—, —, new mode of, S. L. Dana, xxxvi, 366.

—, —, in C. T. Jackson's geological report, xl, 189.

—, on the chemical examination of, xli, 262.

—, organic matter of, C. T. Jackson, xlv, 337.

—, on the importance of determining the organic constituents of, and the mode, C. Daubeny, xliv, 352.

—, state of iron in, xlix, 394.

—, action of manures on, Boutigny d'Evreux, xxvi, 179.

—, action of gypsum on, xxvi, 181.

—, effect of magnesia on, xli, 159.

—, effect of hydrated-peroxide of iron on, xli, 159.

—, effect of sulphuret of iron on, xli, 159.

—, potash in, xli, 160.

—, in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xl, 198; xliv, 310.

—, of Illinois prairie, xxxiv, 160.

—, of Maryland, J. T. Ducatel, xxvii, 316.

—, of Massachusetts, analyses, E. Hitchcock, xxxvi, 363, 366.

—, of New York, Kings, Queens and Richmond Cos., xxxvi, 21.

—, of Rhode Island, C. T. Jackson, xl, 188.

— of the West, analyses of, xxxvi, 373.

Solar eclipse, see Eclipse.

— spectrum, chemical action of, Hessler, xxxi, 160.

— —, dark lines of, rendered distinct, D. Brewster, xxxi, 379.

— —, new observations on, J. F. W. Herschel, xxxviii, 110.

— —, with light from nitre, &c., peculiarities of, D. Brewster, xliv, 163.

— —, action of gaseous and other media on, xlii, 157.

— —, photographic impression of, and phenomena of, J. W. Draper, xliv, 204.

— —, new experiments on, D. Olmsted, xlviii, 137.

— rays, magnetic influence of, xiii, 188.

— —, electricity of, xvii, 391.

— —, see farther under Light.

— spots, first observations on, xxiv, 204.

— —, in 1825, connection of, with temperature, xii, 199.

— —, in Nov., 1837, D. Olmsted, xxxiii, 393.^f

— —, heat of, J. Henry, xlix, 405.

— halos, at New Lebanon, T. Kendall, vii, 337.^f

— —, in Tennessee, at Jackson, x, 368.^f

— —, in Massachusetts, at Millbury, x, 369.^f

— —, in Kentucky, xi, 325.^f

— —, in Rhode Island, September, 1816, xi, 328.^f

— —, in Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb., 1823, xx, 297.

— —, at Cazenovia, N. Y., J. W. Tyler, xxi, 189.

— —, at Kingston, U. C., R. H. Bonnycastle, xxx, 136.

— —, at West Point, A. C. Twining, xxxii, 229.

— —, theory of, E. S. Snell, xlix, 73.^f

— heat, effect of, in raising a balloon, xxxiii, 196.

— and terrestrial radiation, observed at Montreal, xxxvi, 182.

— index, xlix, 301.^f

— phosphori, xvii, 170.

— system, on the elements of, E. H. Burritt, xxvi, 129.

Soldering sheet iron, vii, 379.

Solfatara, connection of, with Vesuvius, xix, 387.

Solid bodies, instrument for measuring the expansion of, xxx, 324.^f

Solidification of carbonic acid, xxxi, 163, 404; xxxv, 301, 346; xxxviii, 297^f; xlii, 203; xlix, 206.^f

— of gases, M. Faraday, xlix, 373.

Solorina saccata, xlv, 49.

Solubility of magnesia, v, 378.

Songs of birds, xxi, 164.

Soot, analysis of, xi, 386.

Sophora affinis, xlix, 130.

Sopwith's mode of constructing secretaries, xxxv, 317.

Sordawalite, x, 186.

Sorex, see under Zoology.

Soubeiran, E., action of chloride of lime on alcohol, xxiii, 134.

—, on the pulverization of calomel, xlvii, 193.

Sound, concentration of, xix, 190.

—, limits to the audibility of, xxii, 374.

—, effect of, on the barometer, xxx, 377.

—, reverberation of, and best buildings for hearing, xxix, 350.

—, velocity of, vi, 394; xvi, 390.

—, waves of, apparatus for illustrating, xlix, 20.^f

—, subterranean, x, 377.

—, —, at East Haddam, Ct., xxxix, 336.

—, influence of, on the elephant and lion, x, 186.

Soundings, deep, in the ocean, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407.

Soups from bones, in France, x, 388.

South America, extracts from travels in, xxiv, 382.

South Carolina, Medical Institution and Journal, xii, 382.

—, geological notices of, iii, 1, 227.

South Seas, icebergs in, xxii, 200.

Southampton lead mine, Massachusetts, i, 136; vi, 201; ix, 166; xii, 238^f; xxii, 57.

Southern Review, notice of, xiii, 383; xiv, 199.

— Agriculturalist, xviii, 203; xxi, 182.

Space, planetary, Fourier on the temperature of, xxxii, 1.

—, —, S. D. Poisson ibid, xxxiv, 57.

—, —, idea of ether in, when introduced, xxxiii, 1.

—, —, ibid, R. W. Haskins on, xxxiii, 1.

—, resistance in, to the motion of the heavenly bodies, xvii, 389.

Spadiate, a new mineral, xlix, 394.

Spafford, H. G., on groves of evergreens, as screens for the garden, orchard, &c., xxii, 158.

—, on spontaneous combustion, xxii, 161.

Spain, difficulty of mineralogical excursions in, viii, 187.

—, yield of Rio Tinto mine of copper, xxviii, 144.

—, mines of Almaden, xxviii, 21.

—, extracts from a journal, on the mining industry of, F. Le Play, xxviii, 17.

—, Madrid, science in, xix, 194.

Spark extinguisher, xlii, 209.^f

—, electric, see Electric.

Sparks in the freezing of water by ether, Pontus, xxvi, 178.

Sparrows, number of caterpillars taken by, ix, 200.

Spatangus, see Zoology, Radiata.

Spathic iron, see Iron, carbonate of.

Specific gravity, considered as a mineralogical character, xvi, 260.

— —, on the means of taking, R. Hare, xi, 121.^f

— —, a new instrument for, F. H. Baddely, xviii, 263.^f

— — of gases, a modification of the method for ascertaining, R. Hare, xvi, 293.

— — —, T. Thomson's method of taking, ii, 362.

— — of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and of the vapors of carbon, sulphur, arsenic and phosphorus, xxxv, 298.

— — of various minerals, A. Breithaupt, xxxi, 268.

— — of seawater, v, 129.

— heat of the gases, notice of de la Rive's and Marcet's memoir on, xiii, 394.

— — of certain solids, method of determining, xxvii, 267.

Spectacle glasses, manufactory of, xxvii, 80.

Spectrum, solar, see Solar.

Specula for telescopes, improvement in, xliv, 166.

Speculum, Nasmyth's pneumatic, xxxviii, 107.

Spencer, A., vindication of claims, relating to the graphic art, xliv, Appendix.

Spencer, T., on the electrotype and its use, xl, 157.^f

Spermaceti, composition of, products of distillation of, and oxidation of, by nitric acid, J. Lawrence Smith, xliii, 301.

—, moving particles in, when burning, xl, 148.

Sphene in Canada, viii, 76.

— in Massachusetts, vii, 53, 254; xxiv, 397.

— in New Jersey, v, 243, 244.

— in New York, ix, 40, 41, 251, 402; xxi, 326.

— in Pennsylvania, x, 220; xiv, 7, 18.

— in Vermont, iv, 276.

Sphenophyllites, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Spherical trigonometry, elements of, xvii, 415.

Sphinges, North American, xxxvi, 282.

Spiders, mode of forming the web of, xviii, 165.

— and spider-webs, J. Edwards, xxi, 109.^f

—, gossamer, xvi, 399.

—, snake suspended by, xxvii, 307.^f

—, see farther, Zoology, Articulata.

Spinel in New York, viii, 92; ix, 242, 251; xxi, 326.

— in New Jersey, v, 244; ix, 245.

Spinning frame, Brewster's, x, 130.

— machine, worked by mice, in Scotland, viii, 371.

Spiral of Archimedes, A. B. Quinby, ix, 316.^f

— conductor, on the action of, J. Henry, xxviii, 329.

Spirits, evaporation of, iii, 376.

Spitzbergen, some account of, xvi, 144.

Spix and Martius, reception of, at Munich, iv, 383.

Spodumene in Massachusetts, vi, 225 and vii, 30 (called white Augite); viii, 120, 243; ix, 20; xiv, 220; xx, 170.

— from Sweden, vii, 371.

Sponges on the shores of Long Island, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 149.

Spongia patera, or Neptune's goblet, A. A. Gould, xxxvi, 386.

Spongy platina, Döbereiner's discovery and researches, vii, 387; xviii, 151.

— —, J. Liebig on, xviii, 398.

— —, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348.

— —, —, Kuhlmann, xxxvii, 198.

Spontaneous combustion, instance of, iii, 383; v, 201; xxii, 161; xxvii, 178; xxxiii, 147.

— — in wood ashes, O. P. Hubbard, xlii, 165.

— —, remarks on, J. Mease, xxxiii, 147, 199.

— — of coal, xxxiii, 147.

— — of linen, cotton, &c. with linseed oil, xxxiii, 148.

— — of oatmeal, xxxiii, 150.

— — of lampblack, xxxiii, 150.

— — of horse-manure, xxxiii, 151.

— — of coal, xxxiii, 200.

— — of wood, xxxv, 144.

— generation, remarks on the theory of, C. A. Lee, xxxix, 289.

Spots on the sun, first observations on, xxiv, 204.

— —, in 1825, connection of, with the temperature, xii, 199.

— —, in 1837, observations on, D. Olmsted, xxxiii, 393.^f

— —, heat of, J. Henry, xlix, 405.

Spring, monograph by, on the Lycopodiaceæ, xliv, 196.

Springs and fountains, on the origin of, G. W. Long, xvii, 336.

—, remarks on Mr. G. W. Long's paper on, xviii, 379.

—, geographical, geological and physical considerations on, H. de Thury, xviii, 267.^f

—, freshwater, J. du Commun, xiv, 174.^f

—, spouting fountain near Uncino, Naples, xxv, 194.

—, ibid, analysis of water of, xxv, 195.

—, acidulous or carbonated, New York, xxxvi, 8.

—, burning, Ohio, xlix, 406.

—, carburetted hydrogen, New York, xxxvi, 6.

—, — —, in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 61.

—, chalybeate, at Litchfield, Ct., iii, 235.

—, —, at Catskill, N. Y., iii, 236.

—, —, remarkable, in Scotland, xx, 384.

—, hot, see Springs, thermal.

—, intermittent, near Pittsburgh, Pa., cause of, xlviii, 400.

—, mineral, J. Anglada's deductions respecting, v, 187.

—, — water from Azores, analysis of, C. T. Jackson, xxxi, 94, 96.

—, —, near Albany, W. Meade, xiii, 145.

—, —, of Carlsbad, vii, 185.

—, —, of Florida, xxxv, 51.

—, —, in Illinois, xxxiv, 157.

—, —, in Massachusetts, viii, 31; xxii, 47.

—, —, of Cliff street, New York city, analysis of, G. Chilton, xviii, 346.

—, —, of Saratoga and Ballstown, analysis of, J. Steel, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8.

—, —, —, iodine in, xvi, 216, 242.

—, —, —, high rock, description of, J. N. Steel, xvi, 341.^f

—, —, — springs, bromine in, xviii, 142.

—, —, —, remarks on, with analyses, J. F. Dana and J. Steel, xxxvi, 8.

—, —, in Pennsylvania, Bedford, xix, 97, 204.

—, —, —, Pittsburgh, analysis of, W. Meade, xiv, 124.

—, —, in Tennessee, i, 66.

—, —, in Texas, J. L. Riddell, xxxvii, 214.

—, in Scott, Scott Co., Va., analysis of, C. B. Hayden, xliv, 409.

—, naphtha, in Old Assyria, xxxvii, 353.

—, in Persia, xxxvii, 354.

—, nitrogen, locality of, at Hoosick, viii, 31; xv, 234.

—, —, Lebanon, viii, 21 xxxvi, 7.

—, on the formation of nitrogen in warm, C. Daubeny, xx, 383.

—, petrifying, in New York, xxxvi, 11.

—, pretroleum, in Kentucky, xxxix, 195.

—, — in the salt springs of the Ohio valley, xxiv, 63.

—, salt, origin of, A. Eaton, vi, 242.

—, —, in Europe, Bavaria, emitting carbonic acid gas, J. D. Forbes, xxxv, 293.

—, —, —, of Montiers, in the Alps, and a peculiar mode of evaporation, R. Bakewell, xx, 219.^f

—, —, —, changes in, in Prussia, x, 193.

—, —, in America, of Bear Lake and Northern America, xvii, 3, 5.

—, —, —, in Canada, viii, 73.

—, —, of the United States, account of, G. W. Carpenter, xv, 1.

—, —, —, of New York, xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103.

—, —, —, —, analyses of, G. Chilton, vii, 344.

—, —, —, —, of Salina and Syracuse, S. Smith, xv, 6.

—, —, —, —, of Salina, contain iron, xvi, 187.

—, —, —, —, of Salina, bromine contained in, xviii, 143.

—, —, —, —, of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228.

—, —, —, of Pennsylvania, Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, xxix, 71.

—, —, —, of Ohio, x, 5.

—, —, —, of Ohio valley, S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26, 48.

—, —, —, of Indiana, xl, 135.

—, —, —, of upper Illinois, xxxiv, 157.

—, —, —, of Kentucky, xxix, 140.

—, —, —, of Michigan, xxxiv, 192.

—, —, —, of Virginia, i, 66.

—, —, —, —, Holston, C. B. Hayden, xliv, 173.

—, —, —, —, Kenawha, bromine and iodine in, xviii, 260.

—, —, —, —, Kenawha, analysis of, xxiv, 66.

—, —, —, west of the Mississippi, iii, 27, 33.

—, —, —, of Texas, J. L. Riddell, xxxvii, 213.

—, sulphur, in New York, ii, 15; xv, 235; xxxvi, 9.

—, —, of New York state, L. C. Beck, xli, 162.

—, —, of Avon, analysis of, S. Salisbury, xxxv, 188.

—, —, near Massena, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., xix, 226.

—, —, Buffalo, chemical examination of, xx, 156.

—, —, along the Hudson, allusion to, viii, 31.

—, —, Delaware Co., Ohio, xxxi, 73;

–analysis of, 74.

—, —, in Maryland, xxvii, 28.

—, —, in Virginia, gray sulphur, analysis of the water of, C. U. Shepard, xxx, 100.

—, —, —, white sulphur, xxix, 94.

—, —, —, red sulphur, xxix, 96.

—, —, in Indiana, i, 133.

—, —, on the St. John, Florida, xxv, 170.

—, —, of Florida, xxxv, 51.

—, —, of Texas, xxxvii, 215.

—, sulphuric acid or sour, in New York state, xv, 238; xxxvi, 10.

—, thermal, K. von Nidda's classification of, xxxvi, 255.

—, —, of volcanic regions, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 254.

—, —, deposits from, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 259.

—, —, causes of, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 253.

—, —, connection of, with volcanoes, xxxvii, 53.

—, —, of the Azores, iv, 261.

—, —, boiling, near the Akhoor river, xxxvii, 349.

—, —, —, of Iceland, iv 370; xxxvi, 255.

—, —, in Asia Minor, xxxvii 372.

—, —, baths of Tiflis, Georgia, xxxvii, 349.

—, —, of the Pyrenees and Alps, xxxvi, 253; xxxvii, 58, 61.

—, —, in the bed of the Rhone, xxiv, 201.

—, —, of North America, notice of, C. Daubeny, xxxvi, 88.

—, —, of United States, Arkansas, xxxiii, 202.

—, —, —, in Maryland, xxvii, 28.

—, —, —, in Virginia, i, 66.

—, —, —, in North Carolina, iii, 117.

—, —, —, in Missouri, iii, 29.

—, —, —, of Suannee and elsewhere, Florida, C. U. Shepard, xxv, 165.

—, —, —, of Georgia and Florida, remarkable, C. U. Shepard, xxv, 168.

Sproat, A. D., proposed reform of orthography, xxxix, 197.

Spruce timber, strength of, xix, 228.

Spurzheim, G., memoir of, xxiii, 356.

—, works of, xxiii, 406.

Squamaria rubina, notice of, xxxix, 183.

Square numbers, analysis of, A. D. Wheeler, xxv, 87.

Squirrels of North America, description of, xxxvii, 290.

—, larvæ of Estrus in, xlvi, 244.

St. Lawrence, geology of the valley of, xlvi, 314.

St. Croix, geological character of, xxxv, 64.

St. Fond, F. de, obituary notice of, ii, 352.

St. Gall, society for encouragement of industry, vii, 381.

St. Michael, geological structure of, iv, 251.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., minerals of, xix, 220; xxv, 346.

—, geology of the valley of, C. Lyell, xlvii 314.

St. Petersburgh Academy, xxii, 203.

St. John's river, xxxv, 48.

Stachys aspera, iv, 65.

Staining of wood, iii, 166.

Stalactites, artificial, in a brewery, Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 307.

—, in New York, xxv, 347.

—, in Ohio, i, 133.

—, lava, of Hawaii, xvi, 350.

Stanleya amplexifolia, v, 297.

Stars in Lacaille's Cœlum Australe Stelliferum, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 310; xliii, 368.

— in Lalande's Histoire Céleste, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 312; xliii, 367.

—, catalogue by the Royal Astronomical Society of London, in progress, xl, 312.

—, on the revision of the nomenclature of, F. Baily, xl, 310.

—, nomenclature of, to be revised by a committee of the British Association, xxxviii, 94.

—, extension of the Astronomical Society's catalogue, xxxviii, 95; xl, 312.

—, report of a committee from the British Association for revising the nomenclature of the stars, xl, 310; xlii, 147; xliv, 158; xlvi, 389.

—, — ibid, on catalogue, &c., xl, 310; xliii, 368.

—, British Association, catalogue of, completed, xlvi, 389.

—, number and order of, xv, 76.

—, missing, xxxvii, 373; xl, 406.

—, double, remarks on, xv, 76.

—, —, motion of, xxxvii, 373.

—, twinkling of, remarks on, v, 156; xv, 360.

—, sixty-one Cygni, parallax of, xxxvi, 200.

—, aberration of, F. G. W. Struve, xlvii, 91.

—, —, B. Hallowell, xv, 360.

—, observations on the lunar occultations of certain, xxxviii, 177.

—, shooting, see Shooting Stars.

Starch, chemical researches on, J. B. Caventon, xiii, 393.

—, notice of a memoir on, by Guibourt, xxiv, 371.

—, preparation of sugar from, xx, 195.

Starved rock, Illinois, xxxiv, 145.

State's Prison of Connecticut, in an old copper mine, iii, 222.

Statical electricity, generation of, G. W. Raines, xlix, 93.^f

Statistics, in Asia, of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274.

—, in Europe, price of labor and subsistence in, xxxvi, 176.

—, —, value of mineral productions of, xxxi, 369.

—, —, France, books published in, xviii, 185.

—, —, —, of crimes, xxviii, 80.

—, —, —, — of infants, xix, 192.

—, —, —, for Paris, 1819, iv, 376.

—, —, —, population, number of clergy, &c., xv, 397.

—, —, Wirtemberg, xx, 176.

—, —, Netherlands, University of, xviii, 182.

—, —, Great Britain and Ireland, xxxv, 315.

—, —, —, of population, xxiv, 211; xxviii, 80.

—, —, —, of crimes, xxxviii, 135.

—, —, —, of crime in Liverpool, xxxiv, 33.

—, —, —, of fires in London, xxxv, 316.

—, in Russia, population, iv, 389; xv, 397.

—, in Africa, Egypt, vi, 389.

—, in America, West Indies, of deaths in the white troops, xxxvii, 197.

—, —, of trade between U. States and Great Britain, xxxiii, 277.

—, —, United States, of iron, xxii, 179.

—, —, —, New York, of population, manufactures, &c., xx, 147.

—, in New Zealand, of changes of population, xxxv, 315.

—, books of memoirs of 1833, xxviii, 295.

—, list of communications presented to British Association, at the tenth meeting, xli, 65.

—, of agriculture, importance of collecting information on, xxxviii, 135.

—, points of enquiry suggested by Malthus, xxviii, 66.

Statistical tables of Massachusetts, xxxiv, 213.

— Society of London, number of members, xxviii, 80.

— — —, notice of Journal of, xxxvii, 189.

— —, of New York, xxxii, 202.

— —, of Boston, xxxix, 395.

— societies in the United States, on the establishment of, xxxi, 186.

Statue of Luther, v, 181.

— of Cuvier, xxx, 184.

Stature, human, law of increase in, M. Quetelet, xxii, 376.

Staurotide macle, C. T. Jackson, xlvi, 368.^f

—, in Canada, viii, 62.

—, in Connecticut, i, 353; ii, 205; v, 36.

—, in Maine, x, 17.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 436; v, 268; vi, 24, 219; viii, 40.

—, in New Hampshire, v, 40, 271; vi, 219, 245; (Mink pond) xviii, 127, 128.

—, in New York, i, 435.

—, in Pennsylvania, ix, 45.

—, in Rhode Island, ix, 49.

—, in Vermont, vi, 219.

Steam, a conductor of electricity, remarks on, xxvi, 206.

—, table of the elastic forces of, Dulong, xix, 181.

—, ratio between the elastic force and temperature of, xxviii, 363.

—, maximum elasticity of, xxxvi, 242.

—, power of, xiii, 180.

—, production of, from heated iron, W. R. Johnson, xxi, 71^f

—, properties of, xx, 326, 329.

—, specific gravity of, at different temperatures, xxxviii, 137.

—, electricity from, xl, 383.

—, rapid production of, in contact with highly heated metals, W. R. Johnson, xix, 292; xx, 308, 418.

—, agent in volcanic action, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 241.

—, destruction of vermin in ships by, xvii, 390.

— pyrometer, W. R. Johnson on, xxii, 96.^f

— navigation, ii, 342, 347.

— —, letters on, J. Smith, xxxv, 332; xxxvi, 133.

— —, Atlantic, J. Smith, xxxv, 160.

— —, to the Pacific, by the isthmus of Panama and the western coast of South America, xli, 358.

— —, in the Pacific, on the coast of Chili, xliii, 207.

— —, mechanism of waves, in reference to, J. S. Russel, xxxiii, 283.

— —, Journal, xxxviii, 205.

Steamboats, American, notices of, W. C. Redfield, xxiii, 311.

—, the first, on the western waters, xxxi, 1.

—, Burden's, in France, xxx, 174.

— Babcock, J. H. Patten, xii, 115.^f

— in 1819, between Stockholm and St. Petersburg, ii, 347.

—, at Stockholm, v, 379.

—, at Bordeaux, v, 381.

—, first on the Swiss lakes, vi, 385.

Steamboat, between Trieste and Venice, iv, 377.

—, on fuel for, xx, 133.

—, of iron, v, 396.

—, advantages of iron compared with wood, xxxix, 206.

—, protection of, from lightning, A. Jones, xxii, 106.

—, on extinguishing fire in, xli, 66.

—, propulsion of, by the trapezium paddle-wheel and screw, xlii, 336.

—, an economical, xx, 14.

— explosions, list of, W. C. Redfield, xx, 336.

—, cause of explosion, and a safety apparatus, A. D. Bache, xx, 317.^f

—, safety of, B. Silliman, xix, 143.

—, means of safety in, J. L. Sullivan, xx, 1.

—, safety of, xxxiv, 35.

—, causes of explosion, in a review of J. Renwick on the steam engine, xx, 329.

—, precautions to be used against explosion, J. Renwick, xx, 329.

Steamboilers, on the explosion of, J. Perkins, xiii, 52.

—, ibid, E. Hazard, xiii, 56.

—, on the supposed collapse of, and mode of preventing explosions, W. C. Redfield, xxi, 190.

—, loss of life by explosions of, xx, 415.

—, explosions due to defective material, xxxv, 317.

—, premium for protection against explosions, xx, 178.

—, rules regarding, in France, ix, 203.

—, safety of, in France, xix, 202.

—, feeding of, vii, 378.

—, on fuel for, B. Silliman, xx, 133.

—, use of American coal for, xlix, 310.

—, the galvanoscope, a means of detecting a deficiency of water in, C. G. Page, xxxvi, 141.^f

—, on high and low pressure, A. B. Quinby, ix, 313.

—, hydrostat for supplying water to, I. Doolittle, xiii, 64.^f

—, incrustations within, prevented by potatoes, vii, 193.

—, protection of, by timber, xix, 176.

—, strength of cylindrical, W. R. Johnson, xxiii, 68.

Steam-engines, large, x, 170.

—, spark extinguisher for, xlii, 209.^f

—, in Great Britain, xv, 185.

—, the first at Glasgow, xii, 385.

—, economy of using highly elastic steam expansively, J. Perkins, xiii, 59.^f

—, J. Perkins's method of applying his mode of generating steam to ordinary, vii, 332.^f

—, Perkins's new, vii, 111.^f

—, remarks on J. Perkins's high pressure, xiii, 40.

—, power of Perkins's, ix, 206.

—, revolving, invented by Samuel Morey, i, 157.^f

—, on the revolving, of Morey, I. Doolittle, ii, 101.^f

—, J. L. Sullivan, ii, 106^f; v, 144.

—, Ward's alternating, iv, 90.^f

—, review of a treatise on, by J. Renwick, xx, 322.

Steamship, the Savannah, under Captain Moses Rogers, the first Atlantic, 1819, xxxviii, 155.

—, —, log-book deposited with the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34.

Steam generators of the steamboat Babcock, xii, 115.^f

Steam pump, Long's, xiv, 169.^f

—, some experiments with, xvi, 181.

Stearine, a compound body, Lecanu, xxviii, 361.

— and elaine, vi, 377.

Stearoptine, of oil of roses, xxviii, 383.

Steatite, best in New England, xxxiii, 165.