INDEX (continued 8)

—, uses of, xiii, 192; xiv, 376.

—, in Connecticut, i, 354; vi, 228; x, 12; xxxiii, 165.

—, in Maryland, v, 255; xxiv, 355; xxvii, 20.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 113, 138; vi, 228; ix, 54; xxii, 31;

–Middlefield, ii, 236; iv, 274; v, 249; viii, 50, 51; x, 19; xxvii, 382; xxxiii, 165;

–Groton, xxvii, 341.

—, in New Hampshire, at Orford, xxxiii, 165.

—, in New Jersey, at Sterling, ix, 245.

—, in New York, xix, 225; xxv, 347.

—, in Pennsylvania, viii, 236; xiv, 18.

— quarries in Rhode Island, viii, 227, 231.

—, in Vermont, v, 272; vi, 228; vii, 58; xxviii, 370; xxxiii, 165.

—, crystallized, (pseudomorphous) at Middlefield, C. Dewey, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 334 (analysis); viii, 51.

—, hornblende pseudomorphs, analysis of, L. C. Beck, xlvi, 35.

Steel, J. H., notice of a report by, on the geology of Saratoga Co., N. Y., v, 203.

—, notice of Snake Hill and Saratoga lake, and its environs, ix, 1.^f

—, description of the high rock spring, at Saratoga, xvi, 341.^f

—, iodine in the Saratoga waters, xvi, 242.

—, on swallows, xix, 356.

—, analysis of the Saratoga and Ballstown waters, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8.

—, oolite of Saratoga, and state of New York, ix, 16.^f

—, on chrysoberyl, iv, 37.

Steel, on the cutting of, by soft iron, H. Daggett, vi, 336.

—, ibid, B. Silliman, vii, 342.

—, on the cutting of, by soft iron, note on, vii, 390.

—, ibid, x, 127, 397.

—, Clarke's, xvii, 113.

—, Damascus, v, 182.

—, American, xix, 175.

—, engraving on, iii, 353.

—, on the fabrication of, at Sheffield, Yorkshire, xix, 182.^f

—, manufacture of, xvii, 111.

—, —, by cementation, xix, 182.

—, prevention of, from rusting, vi, 398; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.

—, silicium in, iv, 376.

—, tempered, action on, of soft iron in motion, ix, 324; x, 127, 397.

—, blistered, xv, 374.

— blades, P. Bradier's, vi, 395.

— plate, menstruum for biting-in on, x, 194.

— plates, colored, xvii, 376.

Stein, W., on lithia in a blowpipe test, xlviii, 193.

Steinhauer, H., remarks on trap, ii, 232.

Steinheilite, iv, 377.

Stellarota, Pettengill's, xvi, 363.

Stellite, Bergen Hill, N. J., xl, 69.

—, —, analysis of, xliv, 54; xlvi, 35.

—, —, remarks on, xlvi, 379.

Stenhouse, J., detection of kinic acid, xlix, 391.

—, on the silvering of glass, xlix, 398.

Steppes, Russian, xvii, 23.

Stereoscope, xxxv, 295.

Stereotyping, invention of, xvii, 161.

Stereotype, soft iron used for, xxvi, 192.

— printing, original document on, C. Colden, and a letter by B. Franklin, xxiv, 319.

Sternberg, Count K., notice of, xxxvii, 125.

Sternbergite, xv, 386.

Steudel, E. T., Nomenclator Botanicus, notice of, xl, 174; xli, 373; xlii, 377.

Stevelly, J., on clouds, wind and rain, xxxviii, 105.

—, on filling barometers, xxxviii, 109.

Stewart, C. S., notices of the volcano Kilauea on Hawaii, xi, 363; xx, 229.

Stickney, B. F., on native lead and cinnabar, ii, 170.

—, on the supposed discovery of cinnabar in Michigan, xxxvii, 185.

Stigmaria, generic characters of, vii, 180.

Stigmariæ and Sigillariæ, xlix, 227.

Stilbite, in Canada, viii, 65.

—, in Connecticut, i, 135; vi, 224; xxxv, 179.

—, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 115. 134; vi, 224; vii, 254.

—, in New Jersey, ii, 191, 192, 195; v, 239; xliv, 59.^f

—, in New York, v, 399; vi, 365; ix, 41, 402; xliv, 59.

—, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 346.

—, from New Holland, xxxix, 161.^f

Still for gin, of large size, xix, 394.

Stilpnomelane, xviii, 392.

Stilson, W. B., geology and mineralogy of a part of Indiana, i, 131.

Stockholm, steamboats at, v, 379.

Stones, moving, in lakes and ponds, N. Chipman, xiv, 303.

—, building, contraction and expansion of, by variations of temperature, W. H. C. Bartlett, xxii, 136.^f

—, experiments on the strength of various, E. Hodgkinson, xliv, 169.

—, of memorial and sacrifice, vii, 153.

—, lithographic, see Lithographic.

—, boulder, see Boulders.

—, meteoric, see Meteorites.

Stonesfield slate, marsupial fossils of, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228.

Stoneware of Baltimore, xxvii, 11.

Storax, oil of, xlix, 392.

Storer, D. H., report of the curators of the Boston Society of Natural History, xxxii, 364.

—, review of the "Natural History of the Fishes of Massachusetts," xxxvi, 337.

—, on the Carcharias obscurus, xxxviii, 195.

—, on the Emys Blandingii and a Syngnanthus, xxxviii, 195.

—, on the Squalus elephas, xxxviii, 197.

—, fifteen species of Ohio fishes, xxxviii, 392.

—, two species of Ray, xxxviii, 396.

—, fishes and reptiles of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379.

—, on Bell's British Reptiles, xxxix, 185.

—, account of several fishes, xxxix, 378.

—, on Indian Cyprinidæ, xli, 92.

—, a new species of torpedo, xliv, 213; xlv, 165.^f

—, notice of Dekay's report on the fishes of New York, xlv, 275.

Storm, see under Wind.

Stratford, Vermont, copperas manufactory of, iii, 326.

Strait, H., on aerial navigation, xxv, 15.^f

—, theory of the bellows, xxvii, 88.^f

—, application of the principle of the balance in milking, pumping, churning, washing, fulling, &c., xxvii, 92.^f

Stratton, T., on ground ice, xl, 407.

Straw, Leghorn, viii, 378.

—, —, on the cultivation of, xxii, 363.

Strength of stones and other materials, E. Hodgkinson, xliv, 168.

Striæ on rocks, see Scratches.

Strickland, A., on Ardea alba, xxxv, 311.

Strickland, H. E., silurian strata of Asia Minor, xxxiii, 95.

Strobilus caryophyllus, xxxi, 32.^f

Strode, T., on a siliceous petrifaction from North Carolina, vii, 249.

Strokr, account of, xxxvi, 256.

Stromeyer, analyses of several minerals, vii, 368.

Stromnite, new mineral species, ii, 177.

Strong, T., a new method of obtaining the formulæ of the sines and cosines of the sum and difference of two arcs, i, 424.^f

—, solutions of diophantine problems, i, 426; xxxi, 156.

—, mathematical problems, ii, 54^f, 266.^f

—, demonstration of the binomial theorem, xii, 132.

—, solution of problems in fluxions, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67.

—, on capillary attraction, xviii, 70.

—, on central forces, xix, 46; xx, 65. 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 342.

—, motion of a system of bodies, xxiv, 40; xxv, 281; xxvi, 44.

—, on the parallelogram of forces, xxvi, 304; xxix, 345.

—, composition and resolution of forces and statical equilibrium, xxviii, 85.

—, theory of the variations of the arbitrary constants in elliptic motion, xxx, 248.

—, integration of one kind of differential equations of the second order, xlii, 273.

—, on the principles of virtual velocities, xlii, 66; xliii, 77.^f

—, on the first principles of the differential calculus, together with a new investigation of Taylor's theorem, xlv, 269.

—, new way of obtaining exponential and logarithmic theorems, xlviii, 36.

Strontia distinguished from baryta by means of chromate of potash, J. L. Smith, xxxvi, 183.

—, on the red color of the flame from, F. H. Baddely, xviii, 261.

—, test for, iv, 372.

—, action of, on animals, xiii, 178.

—, sulphate of, (celestine) Lake Erie, ii, 241; iii, 363; iv, 279, 324.

—, —, analysis of, G. T. Bowen, iv, 324.

—, —, —, Stromeyer, vii, 369.

—, —, of Presq'ile, Ohio, vii, 46.

—, —, Detroit river, v, 40.

—, —, in Canada, viii, 72.

—, —, —, F. H. Baddely, xviii, 104.

—, —, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontianite in the United States, E. Emmons, xxvii, 182.

—, —, notices of, xxvii, 363; xxviii, 174.

—, examination of, C. U. Shepard, xxvii, 183, 363.^f

—, from Freyberg, and Scotland, vii, 369.

—, analysis by Stromeyer, vii, 369.

—, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontium, mode of obtaining from a chlorid of, R. Hare, xxxvii, 267; xxxviii, 115; xxxix, 362; xl, 296.^f

Structure of rocks, a result of elevation, W. Hopkins, xxxi, 365.

— —, schistose often a result of crystallization, J. D. Dana, xlv, 105.

Struder, B., on erratic blocks, xxxvi, 325.

Stuart, J., localities of minerals, vi, 249.

Stuart, M., exposition of the first chapter of Genesis, review of, xxx, 114.

Stucco for walls, xxiv, 206.

Sturgeon, spoonbill, of the Ohio, notice of, xii, 201.^f

Sturgeon, W., miscellaneous notices of remarkable results, in heating and decomposing by galvanism, xxxix, 28.^f

—, annals of electricity by, noticed, xxxii, 213.

—, remarks on galvanic batteries, xxxix, 35.

Sturm's auxiliary functions, on the relation of, to the roots of an algebraic equation, J. J. Sylvester, xlii, 163.

Stuttering, cured, v, 382.

Styrole, xlix, 392.

Submarine explosion, ii, 94.

Subsidence of southern part of Sweden, Nilsson, xxxiii, 102.

— of the coast of Greenland, xxx, 379.

— about Canaan Mountain, N. Y., v, 15.

— and elevation, modern, xxxiii, 97.

—, areas of, in the Pacific, J. D. Dana, xlv, 131.^f

—, evidences of, in Great Britain, xxxiii, 97.

Subsistence in continental Europe, price of, xxxvi, 176.

Substitutions, theory of, as connected with the allotropism of chlorine, xlix, 346.^f

Subterranean forests, xxi, 23.

— galleries, locust wood used in, xxx, 182.

Succinic acid, xlvii, 196.

Sugar, a means of preserving fish, viii, 391.

—, new acid from, xlvii, 196.

—, barley, crystallization of, xix, 177.

—, from beets, vi, 388.

—, — —, manufacture of, promoted in France, xi, 396.

—, — —, amount manufactured in France, xv, 394.

—, — —, Girardin, xxiii, 392.

—, diabetic, analysis of, T. Thomson, xxxv, 298.

—, —, xlix, 200.

—, from maize, xxx, 174; xxxi, 163; xliv, 215.

—, from mangle wurtzel, xxxi, 345.

—, maple, manufacture of, J. Locke, ii, 258.

—, in sweet potato, xv, 285.

—, from rags, saw-dust, ii, 347.

—, preparation of, from potato starch, xx, 195; xxi, 284; xl, 216.

—, —, — —, S. Guthrie, xxi, 284.

—, from wood sawings, &c., xl, 216.

— cane in Colombia, at great heights on the Andes, xxxvii, 16.

Sugar Loaf Mountain, Mass., scenery of, vii, 9.

Sullivan, J. L., notice of the revolving steam engine, i, 157^f; ii, 106^f; v, 144.

—, new means of producing heat and light, i, 91.^f

—, means of producing safety in steamboats, xx, 1.

—, description of a steamboat, xx, 14.

—, improvement in steam boilers, xx, 10.

Sullivant, W. S., description of three undescribed plants from Ohio, xlii, 49.

Sulphacetic acid, Melsens, xlviii, 193.

Sulphates, new series of double, xlviii, 189, 190.

—, decomposed by organic matters, xviii, 147.

Sulphur, atomic weight of, xlviii, 402; xlix, 203.

—, properties of, xv, 189.

—, experiments on the cooling of, xvi, 216.

—, density of the vapor, xxiii, 383; xxxv, 298.

— in assafetida, xv, 185.

— in granite, vii, 56.

— in volcanoes, origin of, C. Gemellaro, xxviii, 293.

— in Connecticut, vii, 56; viii, 259; x, 12.

— in Massachusetts, i, 114; viii, 53.

— in New York, iv, 250.

— in Pennsylvania, i, 237.

— in Sicily, viii, 210.

—, use of, in rheumatism, ix, 169.

—, effects of excessive use of, viii, 394.

—, piercing of hot iron with, viii, 182.

—, carburet of, decomposed by weak electric action, xviii, 153.

—, two chlorides of, xxiii, 382.

—, bichloride of, F. Chevet, xlii, 71.

—, hydruret of, L. J. Thenard, xxii, 351.

— acid, new, xlvii, 191.

— spring, see Spring.

Sulphurets of the metal, new method of precipitating, xlvii, 193.

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas in the state of New York, xv, 235.

— —, condensation of, to a liquid, M. Faraday, vii, 354.

— —, solidified, M. Faraday, xlix, 377.

— —, injurious effects of, xviii, 160.

Sulphuric acid, anhydrous, new mode of forming, xii, 200.

— —, —, Mosander's mode of preparing, xxviii, 360.

— —, on a new process for, practiced in Germany, T. G. Clemson, xx, 347.^f

— —, new process for, Provostaye, xl, 214.

— —, action of, on alcohol, xvi, 267.

— —, —, on oil of sassafras, R. Hare, xxxi, 285.

— —, crystallization of, vi, 186.

— —, crystallized hydrates of, xx, 384.

— —, decomposed and not evaporated, on an incandescent metal, xxii, 365.

— —, manufacture of, at Glasgow, x, 360; xli, 48.

— —, tension of, xlvii, 191.

— — and sulphate of iron, remarks on, xii, 387.

— —, action of, on hydrocyanic acid, xviii, 146.

— —, —, with oil of hemlock, xxxvii, 246.

— — and arsenious acids, a new compound of, xli, 47.

—, —, produced by the Aix waters, xix, 176.

—, —, native, xv, 238.

—, —, in the Rio Vinagro, x, 191.

Sulphurous acid gas, a mode of obtaining, xxviii, 360.

— — decomposed by iodine in alcohol, xi, 392.

— —, reaction of the essential oils with, xxxi, 281.

— —, a mode of liquefying, ix, 195.

— —, liquid, vii, 353; xvii, 166; xxxv, 374.

— —, solid, xlix, 376.

— ether, xxxi, 275.

Sumach, bimalate of lime in, W. B. Rogers, xxvii, 294.

Summer, Indian, xii, 120; xxvii, 140.

—, —, on the cause of the peculiar aspect of the air in, xviii, 66.

—, —, L. Foot on, xxx, 8.

Sun, a blue, seen at Bermuda, xl, 323.

—, singular appearance of, xxi, 198.

—, a supposed change by the rays of, in an elementary substance, J. W. Draper, xlvi, 390.

—, first observation of the spots on, xxiv, 204.

—, connection of spots on, with the temperature, xii, 199.

—, —, November, 1837, D. Olmsted, xxxiii, 393.^f

—, heat of spots on, J. Henry, xlix, 405.

Sunderland cave, vii, 19.

Sunsets, autumnal, influence of the great lakes on, W. Gaylord, xxxiii, 335.^f

—, —, in the West, C. Dewey, xxxviii, 151; xlii, 200.

Surgical operation, extraordinary, iii, 372.

Survey of the coast of the United States, by F. R. Hassler, plans and methods in, xvi, 225.

— — ibid, under A. D. Bache, xlix, 229.

—, land, in the United States, mode of conducting, E. F. Johnson, xix, 131.

—, geological, see Geological.

—, canàl, in New York, xxiv, 19.^f

Surveying, an improvement suggested by E. Wright, xxii, 74.^f

—, field, improvement in, xxiii, 37.^f

— instruments, on their improvement, L. Lyon, xiv, 268.^f

Surveyor's compass, improvements in, T. Kendall, xix, 337.^f

Sus, species of, see Zoology.

Sussex, Duke of, notice of N. Bowditch by, xxxvi, 214.

Sussex County, England, number of fossils of, xxiii, 171.

Sussex County, N. J., minerals of, S. Fowler, xxi, 319.

— —, mineralogy and geology of, C. U. Shepard, xxi, 321.^f

Swaim, J., electro-meteorological observations, xxxii, 304.^f

Swainson, W., Zoological Miscellany of, noticed, iii, 392.

—, Naturalist's Guide of, noticed, viii, 183.

—, new Zoological illustrations, xvi, 386.

—, Exchanges in Entomology, xxvii, 386.

—, on the monocardian animals, notice of, xxxix, 389.

Swallow, barn, S. Woodruff, xix, 172.

—, —, J. N. Steel, xix, 356.

Swan, American, description of, xxii, 83.^f

Sweden, population of, in 1816, 1817, 1818, ii, 347.

—, botany of, v, 180.

—, elevation of, xxix, 363.

—, gradual elevation of, C. Lyell, xxviii, 72, 387.

—, subsidence of southern part of, xxxiii, 102.

Swedish Journals, xxix, 375.

Swift, P., on the temperature of the sea, xviii, 191.

Switzerland, jurisprudence in, iii, 379.

—, schools of, vi, 391; xii, 191; xiii, 397.

—, anniversary of the Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, vii, 381.

—, thunder-storms in, xx, 178.

Syenite and amygdaloid of Salem, Mass., iii, 232.

— of Massachusetts, along the Connecticut valley, vi, 28.

— in western Massachusetts, viii, 10.

— of Pennsylvania, viii, 236.

Sympathetic ink, xviii, 148.

Syphon, Buntem's improvement in, ix, 198.

Syphons, easy method of filling, W. Foster, xxviii, 268.

— of glass, xxiii, 387.^f

—, improved, R. Hare, xxiv, 317.^f

—, self-filling, W. B. Rogers, xxvii, 302.^f

Syringodendron, generic characters of, vii, 180.

—, Kirtlandius, xxxi, 29.^f

Syrups, bleaching of, Dumont, xxiii, 346.^f

T.

Tabasheer, analysis of, xxx, 381.

Taber, T., practical remarks on gems, xxxviii, 61.

Taberd's Anamitic and Latin Dictionary, xl, 43.

Table Mountain, iii, 228.

Tabriz, earthquakes at, xxxvii, 351.

—, salt near, xxxvii, 350.

—, marble of, xxxvii, 355.

Tabular spar from the Bannat, analysis of, vii, 370.

— — of Pargas, vii, 371.

— — of Willsboro', N. Y., analysis of, H. Seybert, v, 113.

— — in New York, v, 113; xiii, 198; xvii, 145.

— — in Pennsylvania, xiv, 13.

Taconic mountains, character of, ii, 246; viii, 2, 8.

— —, geological section from, to Troy, C. Dewey, ii, 246.

— system, remarks on, D. D. Owen, xlvi, 145.

— —, remarks on, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 150.

— —, work on, by E. Emmons, noticed, xlviii, 394.

Tagua-nut, or vegetable ivory, xlix, 400.

Tails of comets, x, 395; xxxi, 142, 325; xxxiii, 5, 11; xxxviii, 35; xl, 59; xlvi, 108.^f

Talbot, H. F., photogenic drawings, xxxvii, 169; xxxviii, 97.

—, improvement in the telescope, xliv, 166.

Talc from Chamouni, analysis of, xlvii, 216.

— in Connecticut, x, 14.

— in Maryland, xiv, 12; xviii, 79; xxiv, 355.

— in Massachusetts, i, 113; ii, 236; iv, 54; vii, 55.

— in New Jersey, v, 29.

— in New York, i, 144; v, 29; xix, 227, 228.

— in North Carolina, v, 259, 264.

— in Pennsylvania, i, 237; viii, 239; x, 219, 221; xiv, 5, 6, 17.

— in Rhode Island, vii, 254; viii, 227, 231.

— in Vermont, iii, 76; iv, 54; v, 40.

Talcose slate of the Connecticut valley, vi, 26.

— —, the gold rock of the Carolinas, A. Eaton, xviii, 50.

Tannin, memoir on, J. Pelouze, xxviii, 124.

Tanning, application of chestnut wood in, W. Sheldon, i, 312.

—, new process of, i, 439; xxxv, 303.

Tantalite, see Columbite.

Tapestries of Raphael, revival of their colors, xxxvii, 244.

Tapir, fossil, at Darmstadt, xxvi, 218.

Tappan, B., on the boulders of primitive rocks found in Ohio, xiv, 291.

—, on the cannel coal of Ohio, xviii, 376.

—, description of some new shells, xxxv, 268.^f

Tar, used to afford light, i, 92.

—, used to work steam engines, i, 165.

Tarapaca, South America, account of the minerals of the province of, J. H. Blake, xliv, 1.^f

Tarlor, observations on mining, xxxiv, 9.

Tartaric acid, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Taste, the seat of, xx, 180.

Taurus Mountains, xxxvii, 351.

Taxidermy, see Preservation.

Taxodon, R. Owen, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

Taylor, J., on Astronomy and Photography at Rome, xliv, 373.

Taylor, R. C., Indian mounds and earthworks in the form of animal effigies, principally in Wisconsin, xxxiv, 88.^f

—, model of the southern coalfield of Pennsylvania, xli, 80.^f

Taylor, Steuben, localities of minerals, vi, 245.

—, account of a rocking stone, vii, 201.

—, localities of minerals, vii, 253; viii, 225.

Taylor, Stephen, on salt in Virginia, xli, 214.

Taylor, S., ancient mounds and other remains in Iowa and Wisconsin, xliv, 21.^f

Taylor, W. C., on change of population in New Zealand, xxxv, 315.

Taylor's theorem, C. Bonnycastle on, xl, 42.

— —, new investigation of, T. Strong, xlv, 272.

Tchihatcheff, P. de, memoir on the geological constitution of the Altai, noticed, xlix, 378.

Tea, composition of, E. Peligot, xlviii, 187.

— plant of Upper Assam, W. Griffith, xl, 165.

— in Brazil, iv, 377.

—, cultivation of, in Brazil, and on its introduction into France, Guillemin, xl, 167.

—, green, of commerce, observations on, R. Warrington, xlviii, 188.

Teahills of China, excursion to, xxxi, 194.

Teale, T. P., on the vermiform filaments of Actiniæ, xxxv, 311.

Technological Institutes, xii, 197.

Technology, Elements of, xvii, 198.

Teeth, phosphate of lime in, xxviii, 386.

—, R. Owen on fossil, xxxv, 307; xxxviii, 127.

—, on the microscopic structure of, xxxviii, 134.

— of the Lepidostei, on the microscopic structure of, J. Wyman, xlv, 359.^f

— of shark, New Jersey, fossil, xxviii, 378.^f

—, see farther under Fossil.

Telegraph, Pearson's, iv, 314.^f

—, system for the United States, proposed, xxxii, 201.

—, Morse's electro-magnetic, xxxiii, 185.^f

—, — —, experiments with, xlv, 390.^f

Telescope, notice of Barlow's refracting, xvii, 367.

—, Leon Lewenberg's, xxxviii, 379.

—, Rosse's, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221.

—, achromatic, Cauchoix's, xxii, 358.

—, improvements in, by J. Frauenhofer, xvi, 307.

—, notice of Holcomb's, xxiii, 403; xxvii, 185.

—, superior, of Lerebours, xvi, 302.

—, fourteen feet reflector, xxxv, 174.

—, improvement in, H. F. Talbot, xliv, 166.

—, on determining distances by means of, xlii, 164.

Tellurium, J. J. Berzelius on, xxviii, 137.

—, in Connecticut, i, 312, 316; vi, 235.

—, an astronomical machine, E. C. Leedom, xlii, 338.^f

Temperament, musical, A. M. Fisher, i, 9^f, 176.^f

—, —, Jno. Farey, ii, 65.

Temperance, Oliver's address on, xxiv, 190.

Temperature, disinfecting powers of increased, W. Henry, xxi, 392; xxii, 111.^f

—, effect of clearing land on, xlvii, 237.

—, — of mountains on, in the winter, xlii, 159.

—, — of, on the distribution of fossils, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 239.

—, — of, on geography of plants, S. Forry, xlvii, 221.

— limiting the distribution of corals, J. D. Dana, xlv, 310.

—, ibid, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 311.

—, in different geological epochs, xxxv, 240.

— of different heights, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 52.

—, on the methods of ascertaining the mean, W. M. Carpenter, xliv, 50.

— of October, not the mean temperature of the year, xxv, 260.

—, month giving mean annual, xlvii, 223.

— of the planetary space, xix, 377; xxxii, 1.

— of the earth, and of space, Fourier, xxxii, 1.

—, ibid, S. D. Poisson, xxxiv, 157.

— of the terrestrial globe, xxvi, 10; xxxii, 1.

— of the earth at different depths, remarks on, xxiii, 14; xxxiv, 36; xxxv, 293; xliii, 176.

— —, in deep mines, xxxv, 297; xl, 333.

— — increasing with the depth, early experiments upon, by Joel Lean, xl, 332.

— — at different depths, near Madgeburg, xxxvi, 203.

— —, interior of, R. Patterson, xxxvii, 357.

— —, variations of internal, producing elevations and depressions in the earth's crust, C. Babbage, xxvii, 408.

— —, oscillations of annual, extinguished at different depths in different rocks, xxxviii, 109.

—, supposed difference of, between the air and the earth, W. M. Carpenter, xliv, 50.

— of elevation, xxv, 123; xxxiii, 52.

— of wells and springs, xxxv, 379.

— — in New York, xxxvi, 25.

— —, xv, 190; xli, 316; xlix, 272.

— of the ocean, v, 129; xxv, 130.

— of the sea at great depths, from Péron's voyage, xvii, 295.

— —, ibid, remarks on, xviii, 191.

— —, table of Forster's observations, xvii, 299.

— —, table of Irving's observations, xvii, 299.

— —, —, xxiii, 10.

— — at depths, by Scoresby and Buchan, xlv, 139, 140.

—, extreme cold, extraordinary seasons of, N. Webster, xxviii, 183.

— of the ground in Siberia, M. Erman, Jr., xxxvi, 205.

— in Europe, of wells at St. André, xxxvi, 204.

— —, of the cities of Rome, (Italy) and New York, J. Van Rensselaer, xlii, 120.

— —, of a cavern near Montpelier, xxxvii, 73.

— —, at Perth, Scotland, mean annual, xl, 342.

— —, mean, of Inverness, xliv, 158.

— —, —, of Plymouth, England, xxxiv, 20.

— —, cold, of winter of 1837, 8, in England, J. Lindley, xxxix, 18.

— —, of Malvern, in Worcestershire, Addison, xxxviii, 102.

— —, of the air in York Minster, xlii, 161.

— —, excessively hot, of July, 1825, in England and France, xi, 195.

— of the eastern and western continents compared and explained, S. Forry, xlvii, 38.

— of the United States, connection of, with the lakes and ocean, S. Forry, xlvii, 21, 23.

— —, isothermal, isotheral and isocheimal lines of, in America and Europe, S. Forry, xlvii, 18.^f

— —, on the forwardness of the spring in different parts, J. Bigelow, i, 76.

— —, cold extreme of the winter of 1825, 6, x, 399.

— —, — — of January, 1835, at different places in, xxviii, 177.

— —, heat extreme in 1824, in the Southern States, ix, 395.

— —, — — of the summer of 1825, various observations upon, x, 296, 297.

— —, mean, of the state of New York, in 1832, xxv, 259.

— —, —, ibid, xlix, 179.

— —, mean, of Albany, N. Y., xxv, 260.

— of the United States, extreme cold at Plattsburgh, N.Y., (1821) iii, 366; (1826) xi, 195.

— —, subterranean, in the mines of eastern Virginia, W. B. Rogers, xliii, 176.

— —, of the year 1839, as deduced from observations at Amherst College, E. S. Snell, xxxix, 36.^f

— —, mean, at Salem, Massachusetts, and Rome, in Italy, for thirty-three years ending in 1818, vi, 386.

— —, —, at Marietta, Ohio, see S. P. Hildreth's meteorological registers.

— —, extreme heat, at Cumberland, Md., July, 1838, xxxv, 190.

— —, observations at Hudson, Ohio, 1838-1840, E. Loomis, xli, 315.

— —, — —, 1841-1844, E. Loomis, xlix, 271.

— —, cold on Lake Superior, ix, 395.

— —, of Lake Ontario, C. Dewey, xxxiii, 403; xxxvii, 242.

— —, of the Saco river, J. M. Batchelder, xxxiv, 381.

— —, relative, of the water of the Saco river, and the atmosphere for the years 1837 and 1838, J. M. Batchelder, xxxvii, 389.

— —, of wells at Hudson, Ohio, E. Loomis, xli, 316; xlix, 272.

— —, —, New York state, xxxvi, 25.

— —, —, M. Field, xv, 190.

— register at Montreal, 1836-40, J. S. McCord, xli, 330.

— of Colombia, and of the Pacific coast of S. America, R. Wright, xxxvii, 1.

—, mean, at Rio Janeiro, for 1832 to 1843, J. Gardner, xlvii, 291.

— of air, see farther Meteorological.

Tempering of metallic wires and springs, xx, 393.

Temple of Jupiter Ammon, iii, 378.

— of Serapis, changes of level in, C. Babbage, xxvii, 408.

Ten Eyck, account of a large electro-magnet, xx, 201.

Tennantite, Hemming, xxvi, 386.

Tennessee, geology of eastern, &c., i, 60, 214.

— meteorite, fall of, at Nashville, xv, 358; xviii, 378.

— —, account of, xvii, 326; xviii, 200.

—, meteoric iron, G. Troost, xxxviii, 250; xlix, 336.^f

—, — —, analysis, C. U. Shepard, xliii, 354.

— gold region, xxiii, 1.^f

—, Geological Report of, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187.

—, mounds and caves in eastern, J. H. Kain, i, 428.

Tenorite, xlviii, 219.

Tephroite, xviii, 391.

Teratology, a French treatise on the elements of, noticed, xli, 374.

Terraces of the Connecticut valley, xxii, 214; xlvii, 98.

— of the river Malbay, Lower Canada, v, 221.

— of the Canadian Lakes, xlvi, 314.

— of Lake Ontario, xxxv, 89; xxxvi, 40.

— of Lake Huron, iii, 257.

— of the Bay of Funda, xli, 55.

Terrestrial meridian, length of a degree of, xxxi, 222.^f

Tertiary of the Middle Rhine, R. I. Murchison on, xlvii, 183.

— of Cephalonia, Hamilton and Strickland, xxxiii, 211.

— formations in North America, essay on, by J. Finch, vii, 31.

— of the Atlantic coast, United States, T. A. Conrad, xxviii, 104, 280.^f

— epoch, elevation during, in the United States and California, xxxv, 245.

— of Massachusetts, xxii, 36.

— —, of Martha's Vineyard, vii, 240^f; xxii, 36; xlvi, 318.

—, Hudson river formations, J. Finch, x, 227.

— of Lake Champlain, xxxvi, 27.

— of Ohio, xxxiv, 360.

— formations of Virginia, W. B. and H. D. Rogers, xxxviii, 182.

— of North Carolina, D. Olmsted, xiv, 231.

— of the southern Atlantic states, J. T. Hodge, xli, 332.

— shells of the United States, description of, T. A. Conrad, xxiii, 204, 339; xxviii, 109; xli, 344.^f

— — —, I. Lea, xxv, 413.

— — —, notice of, E. Hitchcock, xli, 246.

— — —, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 254.

— —, remarks on a list of, J. T. Hodge, xli, 332, 343.

— — of Maryland, list of, I. Lea, xxv, 422.

— — from North Carolina, xxxix, 387.

— — of Alabama, list of, I. Lea, xxv, 419.

— — of the United States, mostly from Alabama, H. C. Lea, xl, 92.^f

— infusoria, Virginia, xli, 214.

— fossils, Cuvier and Brongniart on Deshayes' work on, xxiii, 196.

Teschemacher, E. F., analyses of guano, xlviii, 181.

Teschemacher, J. E., on the identity of pyrochlore with microlite, xliii, 33.

—, reply of C. U. Shepard to, xliii, 116.

—, remarks on uranium and pyrochlore, in reply to C. U. Shepard, xlviii, 395.

—, on the Elvella esculenta, xxxviii, 194.

—, on the minerals found at Charlestown, Mass., xxxviii, 194.

—, on plants from Blackstone river, xxxviii, 195.

—, on the Andromeda mariana, xxxviii, 196.

—, on fossil coals and madrepores, xxxviii, 197.

—, address by, before the Boston Society of Natural History, xli, 370.

—, on singular crystals of galena from Rossie, N. Y., xlvii, 417.

—, on the blowpipe characters of pyrrhite, xlvii, 418.

—, on the palatal tooth of the Ptychodus polygyrus, xxxvi, 380.

—, remarks on the origin of guano, xlvi, 203.

—, on the identity of Lincolnite and Heulandite, xlviii, 65.

Test for alkalies, flowers of the common mallows, a good, vii, 194.

— liquor, the blue iris affords a good, v, 408.

— paper of purple cabbage, xxvi, 210.

Tests for arsenic, see Arsenic.

Testacea, economical notice of some species of, xxxii, 53, 235.

—, see farther under Zoology, Mollusca.

Tetracaulodon, R. Harlan, xliii, 141.

—, xlv, 210.

—, R. Owen, xliv, 342.

Texas, lignite of, xxxvii, 216.

—, silicified wood of, xxxvii, 215.

—, hog-wallow prairies, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Thebaine, from opium, xxx, 379.

Thenard, L. J., system of Chemistry of, notice of, xx, 94.

Thenard, P., on the combinations of phosphorus and hydrogen, xlviii, 184.

—, on phosphuret of lime, xlix, 193.

Theodolite, Hassler's repeating, xvi, 252.^f

Theory of the universe, P. E. Morin, xxxi, 160.

— of a resisting medium, examination of, xxxiii, 1.

Thermal spring, see Spring.

Thermo-electricity, xxv, 271; xxx, 181.

Thermo-electrical battery, J. Locke, xxvi, 214.

— experiments on metals, J. Locke, xxvi, 381.

— piles of Nobili, new, xxviii, 397.

Thermo-magnetism, a law of, regarding metals unequally heated, &c., J. P. Emmet, xxvi, 311.

Thermo-multiplier, Nobili and Melloni, xxii, 370; xxiii, 185.

—, effects of, M. Melloni, xxiii, 381.

Thermometer, when invented, ii, 359.

—, theory of the construction of, J. Adams, viii, 121.

—, a new mode of graduating, Skene, xii, 397.

—, American manufactures of, vi, 371.

—, employed in finding the heights of mountains, xliv, 12.

—, or apparatus for measuring the expansion of solid bodies, W. W. Mather, xxx, 324.^f

—, differential, W. Howard, ii, 327.^f

Thermometric observations on solar and terrestrial radiation, at Montreal, 1838, J. S. McCord, xxxvi, 180, 182.

— —, see farther under Temperature and Meteorological.

Thermopsis caroliniana, xliv, 80.

— fraxinifolia, xliv, 81.

Thermoscope, new, xxii, 370.

Thermoscopic galvanometer, xxii, 370; xxxiii, 365.

Thetford, Vermont, copperas factory near, iii, 326.

Thilorier, liquid carbonic acid, xxxi, 402.

—, solidification of carbonic acid, xxxi, 163, 404.

Thimbles, manufactory of, in France, iii, 375.

Thomaite, a new mineral, xlix, 393.

Thomas, D., dip of the rocks in western New York, xviii, 375.

—, on coal formations in New York, xix, 326.

—, on physical climate, xix, 361.

—, Chrysomela vitivora, xxvi, 113.^f

—, on the American locust, xxi, 188.

—, specific characters of two species of Corydalis, xxvi, 114.^f

—, description of a new Ulmus, xix, 170.^f

—, on a new species of Liatris, xxxvii, 338.^f

—, on frogs and toads in rocks, xix, 167.

Thomas, E., improvements in the microscope, xix, 57.^f

—, improvements in the achromatic microscope, xx, 265.^f

—, obituary notice of, xxii, 380.

Thomas, J., transmission of galvanic light through metals of different conducting powers, xxxiv, 205.^f

Thompson, W. A., facts relating to diluvial action, xxiii, 243.

—, account of marks on graywacke, xx, 124.

—, on the vitality of toads confined, xxv, 41.

Thomson, Sir Benjamin, obituary notice of, xix, 28; xxxiii, 21.

Thomson, C., grave of, xxxv, 389.

Thomson, J., elevation of rails for roads of certain curvature, xxii, 346.^f

—, on inclined planes in the construction of railroads, xxiii, 107.

—, method of describing curves for arches, xxiv, 73.^f

Thomson, J. B., Elements of Geometry, by, noticed, xlviii, 210.

Thomson, R. D., on action of emulsin on amygdalin, xxxv, 302.

—, British annual of, noticed, xxxvii, 400.

—, on Parietin, xlix, 195.

—, Records of Science, noticed, xxviii, 365; xxxii, 212.

Thomson, T., native diarseniate of lead, xxxv, 297.

—, on diabetic sugar, xxxv, 298.

—, on galactin, xxxv, 303.

—, on cast iron, xxxiv, 21.

—, foreign substances in iron, xxxv, 302.

—, First Principles of Chemistry of, noticed, x, 162.

—, on light and heat, xx, 93.

—, Chemistry of Organic Bodies, noticed, xxxvi, 202.

—, on the non-existence of zirconia in Sillimanite, xlviii, 219.

—, analysis of Sillimanite, xlix, 396.

—, analysis of anthophyllite, xix, 359.

—, scientific medals of, xviii, 198.

Thomsonite, in New Jersey, xl, 69; xliv, 54.

—, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 345.

Thorium, a new metal, xvii, 381.

Thorn fence, x, 167.

Thracia, see Zoology, Mollusca.

Thrombolite, xlii, 386.

Thunder storms, see under Wind.

Thury, H. de, on springs and fountains, xviii, 267.^f

Thylacotherium, xxxvii, 228.

Tiarks, J. L., on the northern boundary of the Lake of the Woods, xv, 41.

Ticknor, G., letter to, from Baron von Waltershausen, xlvii, 100.

Ticonderoga, walls of, iv, 49.

Tides, atmospheric, Bombay, xxxiii, 274.

— of the ocean, remarks on, v, 133.

—, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 132; xxviii, 311; xlv, 294.

—, theory of, with observations at London and Liverpool, J. W. Lubbock, xxxi, 333.

—, W. Whewell on, xxxi, 335, 362; xxxv, 290.

—, connection with the weather, G. W. Hall, xxxi, 371.

—, results mapped out by means of curves, W. Whewell, xxxv, 290.

— wave, circuit character of, W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 313.

— and tidal wave of the Atlantic and Pacific, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 294.

— of the Society Islands anomalous, W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 311.

— — —, —, xxxiv, 83.

—, observations on the coast survey, xlix, 240.

—, remarks on, D. Tomlinson, xxxiv, 81.

—, rise and fall of, vanishes at a central space in the German Ocean, xlii, 158.

— at Arbroath, remarkable, xlvi, 395.

—, of Mount's Bay, Cornwall, xlvi, 396.

— observations made at Bristol and Leith, xlii, 150.

— of London and Liverpool, xxxi, 333.

— of Cape Cod, xxxiv, 393.

—, supposed, in the North American Lakes, remarks on, H. Whiting, xx, 205.

—, —, — —, H. A. S. Dearborn, xvi, 78.^f

—, —, — —, D. Ruggles, xlv, 18.

—, —, in Lake Superior, H. R. Schoolcraft, xx, 213.

Tilgate forest, birds in the strata of, xxix, 362.

Timber, growth of, A. C. Twining, xxiv, 391.

—, seasoning of, xii, 163.

—, proper season for cutting, xxxiv, 169.

—, rotting of, in certain situations, xxxii, 380.

—, preserved by pyrolignite of iron, xl, 213.

Tin, purity of, xv, 178.

—, crystallization of, xvii, 206.

—, crystallized from solution, W. W. Mather, xxvii, 254.

—, action of metallic, on solutions of muriate of, A. A. Hayes, xxxviii, 408.

—, method of separating from antimony, xxvii, 197.

—, alloy of, with bismuth and lead, xxi, 371, 375.

—, —, with antimony, the action of muriatic and nitric acids on, xlix, 206.

— ore at Goshen, Mass., xvi, 188; xxii, 62.

— —, in New Hampshire, C. T. Jackson, xliii, 168; xlix, 34.

— —, in Virginia, xliii, 168.

Tinned lead pipes, xxvi, 210, 400.

Tioga coal, xiii, 32, 381.

Titaniferous iron ore, near Baltimore, T. G. Clemson, xvii, 42.

— — —, P. Berliner, xxiv, 375.

Titanium, metallic, vii, 192.

—, volatility of, Zinken, xxviii, 136.

—, crystals of, in the furnaces of Baden, xii, 189.

— in scoria, Wollaston's mode of detecting, xix, 188.

— in rocks, xxviii, 136.

— ores, in Connecticut, iv, 55.

— —, in Greece, xxxi, 175.

— —, of Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; vi, 24.

— —, in Vermont, iv, 276; vi, 24.

— —, in Virginia, ii, 143.

— —, in S. Carolina, iii, 228.

Tithonometer, J. W. Draper, xlvi, 217.^f

Toad, poison of the common, xiv, 373.

—, living in rocks, A. Eaton, xv, 247.

—, in stone or wood, W. Buckland, xxiii, 272.

—, vitality of, in rocks, W. A. Thompson, xxv, 41.

—, in sandstone at Park Gardens, Coventry, xxix, 353.

Tobacco, chemical experiments on, C. C. Conwell, xvii, 369.

—, a remedy for arsenic, xxxi, 188.

—, E. Wright's lecture on the use of, alluded to, xxiv, 190.

Toby, Mount, geology of, vi, 8.

—, —, Mass., scenery of, vii, 10.

Tolefree, R., the voice and its modifications, xxvi, 76.

Tom, Mount, Massachusetts, rests on sandstone, i, 109.

—, —, height of, and geological structure, vi, 45.

—, —, scenery of, vii, 9.

Tomatos, acid in, xvii, 115.

Tombacite, xlii, 387.

Tomlinson, D., on the tides, xxxiv, 81.

—, on preserving animal fat for soap making, xxxvii, 194.

Tongueless dog, retaining the power to bark, xxxvi, 194.

Tonsil, concretion from, vi, 165.

Topaz, powder of, used as emery, xxxiv, 381.

—, distribution of coloring matter in crystals, and optical properties of, D. Brewster, vii, 364.

— in Ireland, xxix, 374.

— of Huntington, Ct., x, 352; xi, 192; xii, 158^f; xiv, 229.

— in Connecticut, at Middletown, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 324.

— in the While Mountains, xx, 410.

— —, analysis of, x, 352.

Tornado, see under Wind.

Toronto picture gallery, xxvii, 178.

Torpedo, experiments on, Dr. Davy, xxv, 187.

—, electricity of, xxxii, 198.

—, new species of, D. H. Storer, xliv, 213; xlv, 165.^f

Torpedoes of fulminating silver, i, 169.

Torrelite, J. Renwick, viii, 192.

— of Thomson identical with Columbite, J. D. Dana, xxxii, 149.^f

Torrey, John, on the condensation of carbonic, sulphurous and chloro-chromic acid gases, xxxv, 374; xxxvi, 394.^f

—, on staurotide, i, 435.

—, on siderographite, ii, 176.

—, on an ore of zinc at Ancram, N. Y., v, 235.

—, notice of plants collected by D. B. Douglass, around the Great Lakes and the head waters of the Mississippi, iv, 56.

—, number of indigenous plants of New York state, xl, 77.

—, description of the Usnea acharius, vi, 104.^f

—, Flora, of the Northern and Middle States, notice of, vii, 178; viii, 192; xii, 179.

—, on West Point minerals, ix, 402.

—, and A. Gray, Flora of North America of, noticed, xxxv, 180; xxxix, 198; xli, 275; xliv, 420.

Torrey, Joseph, proposed reform of orthography, xxxix, 197.

Tortoise, fossil, xvii, 290.

—, a new freshwater, R. Harlan, xxxi, 382.^f

Totten, J. G., descriptions of some shells of the coast of New England, xxvi, 366^f; xxviii, 347.^f

Touchwood, xxi, 163.

Tourmaline, electricity of, xvi, 390; xviii, 301.

—, to detect boracic acid in, vi, 157.

—, analysis of, xiv, 384.

—, analyses of varieties of, xv, 389.

— in Canada, viii, 61.

— in Connecticut, i, 353; ii, 142, 205, 239, 240; vi, 220, 246; x, 206; xiv, 229; xviii, 361.

— in Delaware, xiv, 11.

— in Maine, x, 15; xviii, 293, 299.^f

— in Maryland, v, 256; xiv, 12; xviii, 78.

— in Massachusetts, i, 114, 343, 346; iv, 55; vii, 55; viii, 42, 233; ix, 42; x, 18, 214; xii, 259; xiv, 215, 219.

— in New Hampshire, xxxiv, 107, 204.

— in New Jersey, ix, 245.

— in New York, i, 237; ii, 366; iv, 37; xix, 223, 225, 227; xxv, 349.

— in North Carolina, v, 263.

— in Pennsylvania, ix, 45; x, 221, 222; xiv, 5, 8, 12, 14.

— in Rhode Island, ix, 46.

— in Vermont, i, 114; iii, 76; v, 271.

— in Virginia, v, 263.

— of Chesterfield, for sale, xiv, 400.

Tower of Babel, ruins of, xxxvii, 352.

Town, Ithiel, new mode of bridge-building, iii, 158.^f

Town's bridges, xxxviii, 276.^f

Townsend, J. K., on the ornithology of the United States, xxxvi, 201.

Townsend, P. S., titles of memoirs read before the New York Lyceum, ii, 339, 371.

Toxodon of Patagonia, R. Owen, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

Trachyte, varieties of, xiii, 249; xv, 32.

— at the Azores, iv, 259.

Tracks, see Footprints.

Tract Society of Paris, v, 383.

Tracy, C., on the rotary action of storms, xiv, 65.^f

—, on the oil of Indian corn, xliii, 403.

Trade, statistics of, between Great Britain and the United States, xxxiii, 277.

— winds, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 124; xxxiii, 61.

Traill, T. S., Russian vapor bath, xxiii, 295.

—, on the preservation of animals, xv, 167.

Transactions, notice of, see Society.

Transit of Mercury, May, 1845, D. Olmsted, xlix, 142.

Transition epoch, nature of organic life during, xxxvi, 12.

—, fossils characteristic of, T. A. Conrad, xxxv, 246.

— rocks of the Cataraqui, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f

Transpiration of half the body, xxxix, 400.

Transplanting of trees, xxii, 383.

Transylvania, volcanic character of, xiii, 251.

Trap formation of Antigua, S. Hovey, xxxv, 76.

— of New England and New Jersey, volcanic origin of, T. Cooper, iv, 239.

— —, igneous origin of, B. Silliman, xvii, 119.

— of New Jersey, connection with the sandstone, v, 240.

—, peculiar porous character of, v, 240.

—, and minerals of, in Nova Scotia, by Jackson and Alger, xiv, 305; xv, 132^f, 204.

— of the Copper Mountains, northern America, xvii, 8.

— dikes, crescent form of, first observed by J. G. Percival, xlvi, 205.

— —, — —, remarks on, xlv, 334.

— — of Maine, of four different ages, C. T. Jackson, xxxvi, 145.

— — in Vermont, at Montgomery, xxii, 189.

— — in gneiss and granite, in New Hampshire, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 105.^f

— — in the Connecticut valley, vi, 46, 47.

— — in Connecticut, xxvii, 104.^f

— — —, B. Silliman, Jr., xlvii, 107.

— — —, junction of, with sandstone, A. B. Chapin, xxvii, 104.

— — —, ibid, B. Silliman, xvii, 123.^f

— — in Massachusetts, at Lowell, Nahant, &c., xxvii, 342.

— — in New York, Essex Co., connection of, with iron ores, E. Emmons, xl, 81.

— —, —, —, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 316.

— — in Michigan, D. Houghton, xli, 184.

— — (natural walls) in North Carolina, J. Beckwith, v, 1.

— —, — ibid, xiv, 242.

— — in Pennsylvania, H. D. Rogers, xli, 173.

— —, a hundred and twenty miles long, in England, xxxviii, 127.

— — render limestone magnesian, xxix, 351.

—, and rocks altered by, xx, 170.

— minerals, origin of, J. D. Dana, xlix, 49.

— — of New Jersey and New York, xliv, 54.^f

— — of Nova Scotia, xiv, 305; xv, 132, 204.

— tufa of the Connecticut river valley, E. Hitchcock, viii, 245; xlvii, 103.

Trap, optical, for catching animals, v, 200.

Trapezium paddle-wheels, xlii, 336.

Traveller's Society, v, 175.

Travels, Stevens's, in Egypt, Arabia, &c., noticed, xxxii, 398.

Travelli, J. S., meteorological register kept at Singapore, Nov. 1839 to Feb. 1841, xliv, 151.

Travelling with dog-sleds in the northwest, xiii, 391.^f

Travertine, deposit of, xxxiv, 152.

Tree from which water drops in great quantities, xv, 170.

—, fossil, see Fossil.

Trees, beach, interlocking of, xxxii, 379.

—, fruit, propagation of, xxvii, 288.

—, a new method of grafting, ii, 358.

—, method of transplanting, xxii, 383.

—, items on the growth of, xiii, 193.

—, longevity of, xxii, 379.

—, — of yew, xxix, 353; xxxi, 358.

—, dug up from a depth of forty feet, in Ohio, xvii, 398.

—, protected from hares, by means of fat, xxi, 159.

—, how protected from insects, x, 204.

Trego, C. B., on the coal of Savage Mountain, xli, 186.

Tremolite in Canada, viii, 69.

— in Connecticut, i, 354; ii, 206, 238; v, 36; vi, 225; viii, 258.

— in Delaware, x, 224.

— in Massachusetts, i, 114; ii, 236, 237; vi, 248; vii, 53; viii, 46.

— in New Hampshire, ii, 241.

— in New Jersey, v, 30.

— in New York, vii, 57; ix, 40; xix, 227; xxv, 347.

— in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; x, 222; xiv, 7, 8, 13.

— in Rhode Island, iv, 284, 285; viii, 226; x, 10.

— in Vermont, iii, 76.

Trevelyan, W. C., on the temple of Pæstum, xxxvii, 366.

Treviranus, L. C., Physiology of Plants, noticed, xxxix, 181.

Triangles, expression of the sides of right-angled, by integral numbers, D. Wilkie, xxiv, 68.

Triarthrus, see Trilobites.

Trigonometer, Bolles's, ix, 401.^f

Trilobites, remarks on, A. Eaton, xxii, 165.

—, notice of J. Green's monograph on, xxiii, 395.

—, some new, J. Green, xxv, 334.

—, structure of, &c., J. Green, xxiii, 396; xxxvii, 25; xxxviii, 410.

—, genus Paradoxides of Brongniart, and on the genus Triarthrus, J. Green, xxxiii, 341.

—, Calymene Rowii, J. Green, xxxiii, 406.

—, Calymene Bufo, J. Green, xxxvii, 32; xxxviii, 410.

—, Asaphus polypleurus, J. Green, xxxiv, 360.

—, — diurus, J. Green, xxxvii, 40.

—, Calymene Bucklandii, J. G. Anthony, xxxvi, 106.^f

—, Ceratocephala ceralepta, J. G. Anthony, xxxiv, 379.^f

—, Ceratocephala goniata, J. A. Warder, xxxiv, 377.^f

—, Paradoxides, J. Hall, xxxiii, 139.^f

—, Calymene senaria, T. A. Conrad, xlii, 230.

—, Ceraurus crosotus, J. Locke, xliv, 346^f; xlv, 222.^f

—, Isotelus megistos, J. Locke, xlii, 366.^f

—, in Canada, J. J. Bigsby, viii, 83.

—, in Kentucky, J. Walter, xxxiv, 380.

—, in Ohio, xxxi, 72.^f

—, in New York, xlvii, 363^f, 368^f, 370^f; xlviii, 307^f, 309^f, 311.^f

—, from Staffordshire, xxiii, 203.^f

—, supposed recent, from the New South Shetlands, xxvii, 395.

Trimmer, J., on marine shells in the Cefn cave, xxxv, 306.

—, Practical Geology and Mineralogy of, noticed, xliii, 191.

Triphyline, a new mineral, xxviii, 394.

Trisection, curves of, iv, 343.^f

Troglodytes niger, xlvii, 411.

Troost, G., amber at Cape Sable, Maryland, iii, 8.

—, minerals of Missouri, xii, 376, 378, 379.

—, some remarks on the coal regions of Tennessee, xxx, 391.

—, Third Report on Tennessee, noticed, xxx, 391.

—, Fourth Report on Tennessee, notice of, xxxiv, 187.

—, Fifth Report, xli, 385.

—, analysis of a meteorite from Tennessee, xxxviii, 250.

—, meteoric iron from Tennessee and Alabama, xlix, 336.^f

—, shower of red matter in Tennessee, xli, 403.

Tropical rains, iv, 375.

Troy Lyceum, ii, 173.

Trumbull, J., Sen., Governor of Connecticut, sketch of, xxxix, 246.

Trumbull, Col. John, notice of, xxxix, 213.

—, historical paintings of, xvi, 163.

—, painting of the Declaration of Independence, i, 200.

—, — ibid, notice of, viii, 168.

—, decease of, xlvi, 216.

Trumbull Gallery of Paintings, Yale College, account of, xxxix, 213.^f

Tubes, in sand, lightning, xx, 396.

—, see farther, Fulgurites.

—, flexible, elastic, T. Skidmore, v, 153.

Tubular sandpipes in chalk, C. Lyell, xxxviii, 122.

Tuckahoe or Indian bread, ii, 369.

Tuckerman, E., on the Geaster quadrifidus, xxxvi, 380.

—, on the Lichens of New England, xxxvii, 394.

—, observations on some plants of New England, xlv, 27.

—, Enumeratio Methodica Caricum, &c., noticed, xlv, 216.

Tufa, calcareous, in New York state, iii, 236; xv, 247; xviii, 354 (Chitteningo); xxviii, 176; xxxiii, 405.

—, —, in Indiana, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 307.

—, trap, in Massachusetts, E. Hitchcock, vi, 61; viii, 245; xlvii, 103.

Tufaceous deposit in India, called Kunker, Newbold, xlix, 398.

— deposits, New York, xxxvi, 11.

Tullia pycnanthemoides, xx, 343.^f

Tully, Wm., on the Ergot of rye, ii, 45.

—, on two sorts of Datura in the United States, vi, 254.

—, on narcotine and sulphate of morphine, xxi, 39.

Tumuli, Indian, see Mounds.

Tungstate of lime, or calcareous oxide of tungsten, of Connecticut, analysis of, G. T. Bowen, v, 118.

Tungsten ores of Connecticut, i, 312, 316, 405; v, 118; vi, 210.

—, yellow oxide of, iv, 52, 187.

Tuomey, M., Nautilus in the Eocene, Virginia, xliii, 187.

—, infusorial stratum at Petersburg, Va., xliv, 339.

Turbo, see Zoology, Mollusca.

Turner, E., chemical examination of the fire-damp of the coal mines near Newcastle, xxxvii, 201.

—, on ores of manganese, xxi, 364.

—, obituary notice of, xxxii, 213.

—, Elements of Chemistry of, noticed, xx, 88.

—, ibid, seventh edition, xliv, 189.

Turner's Falls, Mass., vii, 13.

—, fossil footprints at, xlvi, 73.^f

Turnerite, xviii, 392.

Turpentine, purified spirits of, S. Guthrie, xxi, 93, 291.

—, Hare's method of purifying, xxxvii, 399.

—, used for destroying worms and insects, xxvii, 197.

Turpin, on the analogy of the red globules of the blood to Protococcus, xxxvi, 206.

—, on the red color of agates, xxxvi, 207.

Turquois, vi, 382.

Turtle, stony concretions in the ovary of, xxvii, 163.

—, fossil, in the chalk of Kent, xli, 205.

Turton, W., notice of the works of, xxxvii, 161.

Tuscany, boracic acid of, xxviii, 143.

—, — — lagoons of, J. Bowring, xxxvii, 270.

Tweedie, A., Practical Medicine of, noticed, xxxix, 398.

Twilight bow, account of, S. F. B. Morse, xxxviii, 389.

Twin crystals, formation of, J. D. Dana, xxx, 275.^f

— — of Columbite, C. U. Shepard, xvii, 358.^f

Twine, see Cordage.

Twining, A. C., method of resolving equations of the third and fourth degrees, ix, 86.

—, observations on meteors, xi, 184.

—, on the growth of timber, xxiv, 391.

—, on the position and height of some Auroral arches and streamers, xxxii, 217.

—, on the Aurora of September, 1839, xxxviii, 376.

—, supernumerary rainbows, xxxii, 227.

—, halos in January, 1835, xxxii, 229.

—, on the appearance, nature and cause of the meteors of November 13, 1833, in reply to D. Olmsted, xxvi, 320.^f

—, ibid, Nov. 1834, xxvii, 339.

—, suggestions on the solar eclipse of July, 1842, xlii, 395.

—, on the parallelogram of forces, xlvi, 324.^f

Twinkling of fixed stars, v, 156.

— — —, remarks on, B. Hallowell, xv, 360.

Tyfoons of the China Sea, xxxv, 209; xxxvi, 59.

— at Balasore, xxxv, 220.

— at Canton, xxxv, 217, 218.

— at Manilla, xxxv, 220.

—, Raleigh's, xxxv, 210^f; xxxvi, 59.

—, method of escaping, xxxv, 216.

—, see farther under Winds.

Tyler, J. W., solar halo, seen at Cazenovia, N. Y., xxi, 189.

Tyrannula, see under Zoology.

Tyrian dye, xxxviii, 126.

Tyson, P. T., on the minerals of Baltimore and Harford Cos., Maryland, xviii, 78.

U.

Ulcers cured by chloride of lime, xiii, 179.

Ultramarine, artificial, xv, 392; xxii, 368; xxiv, 373; xxvii, 195; xxviii, 144.

Unger, on xanthic oxide in guano, xlix, 200, 391.

Unicorn, on the existence of, J. F. Laterrade, xxi, 123.

Unio, see under Zoology, Mollusca.

Unionidæ of the country of the Iguanodon, G. A. Mantell, xlvii, 402.^f

Unit, linear, proposed by Davy, xvii, 164.

United States, earliest census of, xxxiii, 278.

—, magnetic chart of, E. Loomis, xxxiv, 290; xxxix, 41.

—, plan for the survey of the coast, xvi, 225.

—, architecture in, xvii, 99, 249^f; xviii, 11, 212.

—, culture of silk in, xviii, 278.

—, statistics of iron in, xxii, 179.

—, Medical and Surgical Journal, noticed, xxvii, 180.

—, Naval Lyceum, xxvii, 390.

—, distribution of plants in, S. Forry, xlvii, 221.

—, amelioration of climate in, D. Thomas, xix, 361.

—, climate of, S. Forry, xlvii, 18^f, 221.

Universal terms, Emma Willard, xxiii, 18.

Universe, on the formation of, I. Orr, vi, 128.^f

University of the State of New York, Report of the Regents of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258^f; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176.

—, see Education.

Upas, analysis of the juice of, xxxix, 206.

Upham, C. W., memoirs of J. Prince, xxxi, 201.^f

Ural, mines of, see under Russia.

Uranite, R. Phillips, vii, 380.

— in Massachusetts, xxviii, 382.

— at Chesterfield, Mass., C. U. Shepard, xlviii, 179.

— of Chesterfield, J. E. Teschemacher, xlviii, 395.

Uranium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189.

—, ore of, vii, 194.

Ure, A., Dictionary of Chemistry of, noticed, xx, 93.

—, on the composition of gunpowder, xx, 190.

—, analysis of guano, xlviii, 60.

Urea, on the preëxistence of, in uric acid, xli, 46.

— and uric acid, J. Liebig, xxxiv, 40.

Urinary calculi, iv, 149; xvii, 190.

Urine, rosaic acid in, xvii, 385.

—, diabetic, detection of sugar in, xlix, 200.

Usher, F. C., on the elevation of the banks of the Mississippi in 1811, xxxi, 294.^f

Uvularia, used for poisoned wounds, xxxv, 270.

V.

Vaccination, a remedy for the plague, iv, 196.

Vacuum, heat of, ii, 343.

Val di Noto, C. Gemellaro on, xxx, 382.

Vallot, on living animals in solid bodies, xii, 395.

Van Dieman's Land, notice of, iii, 377.

Vanadiate of lead, xxvi, 386.

Vanadium, a new metal, xx, 386.

Vancouver, Fort, meteorological observations at, in 1832 and 1833, xxviii, 9.

Vanden Heuvel, J. C., on honey bees, iii, 79.

Vanilla in Europe, xxxv, 310.

Vanuxem, L., experiments on anthracite and plumbago, with reference to the fusion of carbon, viii, 292; x, 102.

—, proofs from Geology of the abstraction of nitrogen from the atmosphere by organization, xii, 84.

—, on the pressure of water at great depths, xiv, 194.

—, on the classification and characters of American rock formations, xvi, 254.

—, Atlantic coast, ancient oyster shell deposits of, xli, 168.

—, Report on Ornithichnites, xli, 165.

Vapor, effects of, on flame, i, 401.

—, force of, at different temperatures, xix, 182, 201.

—, law with reference to the relation between the elastic force of, and temperature, xxviii, 363.

—, new phenomena of, on placing a disk upon an orifice, xiii, 161.

— and heat, inquiries respecting, W. R. Johnson, xxi, 304.

—, of mercury, elastic force of, Avogadro, xxiv, 286.

— of carbon, sulphur, arsenic and phosphorus, specific gravity of, xxxv, 298.

—, of sulphur and phosphorus, density of, xxiii, 383.

— bath, Russian, T. S. Traill, xxiii, 295.

—, the basis of the Aurora Borealis, xix, 240.

Vapors, latent heat of, ii, 361.

Vaporization of spirits, iii, 376.

— of mercury, in fumes of nitric ether, S. Guthrie, xxi, 90.

—, limits of, M. Faraday, xx, 189; xxi, 151.

—, mechanical, of earths, W. Gaylord, xxxvii, 398.

—, of liquid carbonic acid, xxxi, 402.

Variation, magnetic, see Magnetic.

Varnish, for articles of cast iron, xxvii, 199.

—, copal, J. J. Berzelius, xvii, 175.

—, seedlac, receipt for, ix, 169.

Varrentrapp and Will, new mode of determining the quantity of nitrogen in organic compounds, xlii, 263^f; xlv, 267.

Vase, Warwick, notice of, xxvi, 244.^f

—, Portland, xxvi, 243.^f

—, terra cotta, from Pompeii, xxvi, 238.^f

—, Murrhine, xxvi, 336.

Vatican, museum of, iv, 380.

Vaucher, death of, xliii, 215.

Vaughan, B., obituary of, xxix, 395.

Vauquelin, process by, for obtaining metallic chromium, xxi, 375.

—, analysis of guano, xlviii, 60.

Vauquelin, a new alkali, i, 310.

Vaux, G., on iron conduit pipes, vi, 173.

Vegetables, saponaceous, remarks on, Bussy, xxiv, 381.

—, action of poisons on, xii, 196.

—, influence of chemical solutions on, xvii, 388.

—, effect of arsenic on, C. Daubeny, xxxi, 346.

—, injurious action of gases on, Macaire, xxiii, 193.

Vegetable fecundation, remarks on, A. Gray, xxxi, 303;

– A. J. C. Corda's views on, 317.^f

— impregnation, Aldridge, xli, 62.

— life, tenacity of, as shown by a root taken from a mummy, xxi, 158.

— —, functions of, G. T. Burnett, xxi, 153.

— kingdom, rapid growth in, xxviii, 399.

— membrane and fibre, chemical composition of, xxxiii, 289.

— organography and physiology, H. Green, xxxviii, 49.

— physiology, xix, 393.

— —, experiments in, Niven, xxxiii, 290.

— —, in relation to rotation of crops, Macaire, xxiii, 138.

— productions of the earth at different periods in its early history, Ad. Brongniart, xxxiv, 315.

— tissue, elementary composition of, Payen, xlii, 212.

— tissue, development of, xxxix, 205.

— crystallizations, xix, 177.

— monstrosities, xxxv, 310.

Vegetation of the first period of an ancient world, H. Witham, xviii, 110.^f

— of the Andes of Columbia, distribution of, xxxvii, 15.

—, progress of, near Philadelphia, C. S. Rafinesque, i, 77.

—, —, see farther, Floral Calendar.

—, supported by air and water, iii, 372.

—, manures as stimulants to, C. Daubeny, xlii, 319.

—, see farther under Botany, and Plants.

—, metallic, ii, 349.

Veins of granite and syenite in Massachusetts, E. Hitchcock, vi, 10, 29.

— —, in Massachusetts, C. Dewey, viii, 4.

— —, —, E. Emmons, viii, 5^f, 250.^f

— —, —, A. Nash, xii, 261.^f

— —, in New Hampshire, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 123.^f

— of feldspar or granite, in Hampshire Co., Mass., xii, 244^f, 261.^f

—, metalliferous, electro-magnetic properties of, R. Were Fox, xx, 136; xxxi, 374.

—, —, electrical currents in, Reich, xxxviii, 120.

—, mineral, formed artificially by voltaic action, R. W. Fox, xxxv, 308; xxxvii, 199.

—, —, questions relative to, R. W. Fox, xxxiii, 135.

—, —, remarks on, C. Lyell, with the views of R. W. Fox, xxxiii, 93.

—, —, J. Fournet's views on, xxxiii, 93.

—, segregation theory of, objections by C. T. Jackson, from facts in Maine, xxxvi, 148.

Velocity of the Mississippi, vii, 174.

— of sound, vi, 394.

Velocities, virtual, principle of, xlii, 66; xliii, 77.^f

Venetz, on boulders, xxxvi, 327.

Venice bead manufactory, xxvii, 78.

Ventilating sewers, furnace for, vii, 177.

Ventilation, effect of, on the mortality of infants, xxviii, 79.

Ventilator, marine, description of, S. Whiting, xviii, 75.^f

Ventriloquism, remarks on, R. Tolefree, xxvi, 76.

Venus, appearances of, as seen at Rome, P. F. de Vico, xliv, 377.

—, results of observations on, P. F. de Vico, xliv, 383.

—, rotation of the planet, xxiv, 204.

Veratria, xxx, 190.

Verd antique marble in Connecticut, ii, 165; vi, 38, 227.

Vermiculite, T. H. Webb, vii, 55.

—, the species objected to, C. Dewey, viii, 50.

—, T. H. Webb's vindication, viii, 230.

—, in Maryland, xxiv, 356.

Vermin, destruction of, by steam, xvii, 390.

Vermont, geological survey of, xlviii, 404.

Vernier, application of, to the subdividing of time, F. Osler, xliv, 161.

Vespertilio, see under Zoology, Articulata.

Vessels, best form for sailing, J. S. Russell, xxxv, 290.

—, propulsion of, by paddle-wheel and screw, xlii, 336.

—, steam, see Steam.

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, xlviii, 395; xlix, 191.

Vesuvian, see Idocrase.

Vesuvius, notice of, v, 193; vi, 385; xiii, 262; xxiv, 343; xxvii, 281.

—, mineralogy of, xii, 185.

—, connection of the Solfatara with, xix, 387.

—, eruption of, August, 1834, xxviii, 199.

—, —, April, 1835, xxviii, 340.

— and the Solfatara, xlvii, 182.

Vibrating dams, E. Loomis, xlv, 363.^f

— —, time of vibration calculated from the dimensions of, E. Loomis, xlv, 373.

Vibration, effect of, on the colors of the light from different stars, x, 188.

— of glass, movements in water produced by, xxx, 192.

— of railways, xxx, 382.

— of a mercurial pendulum, G. Baker, xlviii, 156.

Vico, P. F. de, comet of, xlviii, 402.

Vienna, temple at, iv, 197.

Vinci, L. da, on the motion of water, xix, 397.

Vines, diseases of, xxix, 367.

—, on the propagation of, xxvii, 288.

—, to prevent the bleeding of, when cut, xxiv, 205.

Vinegar, new process for obtaining from alcohol, xxviii, 359.

—, expeditious mode of manufacturing, L. Feuchtwanger, xxxi, 272.^f

—, impurities in, xix, 86.

Vinification, treatise on, noticed, xi, 396.

Violan, xlii, 387.

Virginia meteorite, see Meteorites and Meteoric iron.

— gold mines, see Gold.

— salt formation, xxiv, 51; xxix, 84, 113; xli, 214; xliv, 173.

—, geological remarks on, i, 60, 214, 317.

— tertiary formation, xi, 54; xxxviii, 183.

—, coal of, see under Coal.

—, geological report of W. B. Rogers, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

Virtual velocities, principles of, T. Strong, xlii, 66; xliii, 77.^f

Virus, vaccine, liable to lose virtue, xxxviii, 175.

Vision, notice of a peculiarity in C. E. Goodrich, xiv, 264.^f

— with the head inverted, D. Brewster, xl, 343.

Vitality of matter, xv, 54.

Vœlkel, analysis of guano, xlviii, 60.

Vogel, obituary of, xliii, 215.

Vogt, C., Embryologie des Salmones, noticed, xlv, 211.^f

Voice and its modification, R. Tolefree, xxvi, 76.

Volatile oils, adulteration of, xix 77.

— —, see farther under Oils.

Volborthite, xlii, 387.

Volcanoes, remarks on, ii, 351.

—, and volcanic substances, T. Cooper, iv, 205.

—, some account of, in a review of Scrope's work, xiii, 106.

—, remarks on, in a notice of Daubeny's work, xiii, 235;

– theories of, xiv, 70, 87.

—, remarks on, from J. Phillips's Geology of Yorkshire, xxi, 24.

—, hypothesis on, J. du Commun, xv, 12.^f

—, ibid, objections to, xv, 25.

—, ibid, strictures on, B. Bell, xvi, 51.

—, phenomena of, explained by L. Cordier, by the theory of central fluidity, xv, 123.

—, H. Davy's theory of, xvii, 239; xxxvi, 231.

—, Gay Lussac's views on, xxxvi, 233, 236.

—, G. Bischof on, xxxvi, 230, 239^f; xxxvii, 41.^f

—, —, theory of central heat satisfactory, xxxvi, 239; xxxvii, 52.

—, —, freshwater rivers contribute to the action of, xxxvi, 262.

—, C. Daubeny, in reply to G. Bischof, on the chemical theory of, xxxvii, 78.

—, L. von Buch, on certain volcanoes and volcanic phenomena, xxxvi, 260-273.

—, geographical distribution and phenomena of, J. L. Hayes, xlvii, 127.

—, mud, iv, 216.

—, African, at the Canaries, &c., xiii, 283; xxxvi, 260, 273.

—, —, Azores, iv, 259; xiii, 289.

—, —, supposed, at sea, in lat. 7° N., and long. 99° W., xxxii, 195.

—, American, of Cosiguina, eruption of, xxviii, 332.

—, —, of Peru and Chili, xiii, 308, 309.

—, —, of Mexico, Jorullo, Popocatepetl, &c., xiii, 304.

—, —, of the West Indies, xiii, 302.

—, —, of Greenland, xiii, 279.

—, —, of Upper Missouri, only pseudo-volcanoes, J. N. Nicollet, xlv, 154.

—, —, supposed, of West River Mountain, Vermont, J. A. Allen, iii, 73.

—, —, —, in Canada, xxx, 238.

—, Asiatic, and Asiatic Islands, general review of, xiii, 290.

—, —, near Mount Ararat, extinct, xxxvii, 349.

—, —, in the Kourdish country, xxxvii, 350.

—, —, region of, or Catacecaumene, of Asia Minor, xxxiii, 95; xxxviii, 206.

—, —, of Gunong-Api, iv, 375; xiii, 299.

—, —, Palambang, eruption of, 1833, xxix, 364.

—, European, of France, xiii, 237.

—, —, of Germany, xiii, 242.

—, —, Grecian Archipelago, xiii, 279.

—, —, of Greece, Santorino, xxxvi, 267.

—, —, of Hungary, xiii, 245.

—, —, of Iceland, xiii, 276.

—, —, of Italy, xii, 252.

—, —, —, Vesuvius, v, 193; vi, 385; xii, 185; xiii, 262; xix, 387; xxiv, 243.

—, —, —, ibid, notice of, J. D. Dana, xxvii, 281.

—, —, —, ibid, eruption in 1834, xxviii, 199.

—, —, —, ibid, eruption of April, 1835, xxviii, 340.

—, —, phenomena at the Lipari islands–fumeroles–forming minerals, &c., xiii, 270; xxxiii, 77.

—, —, of Sicily, xiii, 272.

—, —, —, Mount Etna, observations on, E. de Beaumont, xxxi, 168.

—, —, —, —, luminous flames, E. de Beaumont, xxxi, 169.

—, —, —, —, formation of, E. de Beaumont, xxxi, 170.

—, —, —, —, some account of, S. L. Johnson, xxvi, 1.

—, —, —, island thrown up off Sicily, account of, W. Ainsworth, xxi, 399.^f

—, —, of Transylvania, xiii, 251.

—, of Pacific ocean, New Zealand, xx, 381.

—, —, Hawaii, Kilauea, xi, 1, 362; xvi, 345; xx, 228, 229.

—, —, —, ibid, C. S. Stewart, xx, 229.

—, —, —, ibid, J. Goodrich, xxv, 199.

—, —, —, ibid, E. G. Kelley, xl, 117.^f

—, —, —, ibid, J. P. Couthouy, xli, 200.

—, lunar, v, 176; xxxv, 305.

Volcanic ashes of Etna, analysis of, xii, 194.

— —, on some showers of, xxv, 129.

— —, at sea, west of the Philippines, P. Parker, xl, 198.

— —, carried by upper atmospheric currents, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 128.

— character of Transylvania, xiii, 251.

— eruptions and earthquakes, J. Galindo, xxviii, 332.

— formation of islands, xxxvi, 267.

— — of iron glance, Mitscherlich's theory of, xxxvi, 237.

— rocks, descriptive arrangement of, G. P. Scrope, xv, 28.

— — or lavas, South America, why not crystalline, xxxi, 176.

— —, nature of, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 252.

— —, scoria of Hawaii, xvi, 348.

— —, fusibility of, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 240.

— —, still soft after crystals have formed, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 266.

— —, force required to raise, xv, 125.

— —, raised by steam, and force required, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 241.

— —, eruptions of, xxxvi, 261.

— —, spun glass of Hawaii, xvi, 349.

Volney, theories of temperature, xlvii, 232.

—, death of, ii, 345.

Volta, A., discoveries of, noticed, xv, 67.

—, biography of, xv, 67.

Voltaic pile, calorific effects of, xviii, 173.

—, see farther under Galvanism.

Volume, changes in, on mixing alcohol and water, xxiv, 373.

Volumeter, R. Hare, xii, 36^f, 38.^f

Volumescope, R. Hare, xii, 39^f; xv, 275^f; xxviii, 264.^f

Von Buch, L., on the nature of volcanic phenomena, xxxvi, 268.

—, on volcanic eruptions in Lancerote, xxxvi, 260, 264.

—, on Palma and Grand Canary, xxxvi, 273.

—, on the formation of volcanic cones, xxxvi, 273.

—, on the formation of certain conglomerates, xxxvi, 266.

Voorhies, J., fall of meteoric iron in Tennessee, xlix, 338.

Voyage of discovery, French, by Capt. Freycenet, in the Uranie, notice of, iv, 391.

— around the world, projected by the French, under the command of D. d'Urville, xxxiii, 206.

— of Bonite around the world, xxxiv, 219.

— of the French to the Antarctic regions, xxxix, 201.

— of the Chanticleer, xviii, 188.

— of J. C. Ross to the Antarctic, xxxvii, 397; xxxviii, 204; xlii, 152.

— of exploration under Lieut. C. Wilkes, U. S. N., around the world, xxxv, 192.

— — ibid, progress of, xxxvi, 195; xxxvii, 19, 398; xxxviii, 387; xxxix, 193; xliii, 208.

— — ibid, results of, xl, 394; xliv, 393; xlix, 149.

Vulcano, boracic acid in the waters of, ii, 349.

Vulpinite, Vauquelin, vii, 368.

W.

Wachitta, cove of, iii, 26, 28.

—, —, hot springs, iii, 29.

Wacke, aqueous origin of, J. W. Webster, i, 230.

—, analysis of, i, 296.

Wadsworth, D., remarks on the upper falls of the Genesee river, with a view, xviii, 209.

Wages for labor in England, France and the United States, xxiii, 216.

Wagner, S., on the acceleration of the saw at night, viii, 393.

Wailes, on rare insects, xxxv, 310.

Walferdin, on subterranean temperatures, xxxvi, 204.

Walker, C. V., galvanic experiments by, xxxix, 32.^f

—, reclamation against W. Sturgeon, xlii, 383.

Walker, S. C., on the great comet of 1843, xlv, 188.^f

—, on the meteors of August, 1840, xl, 51;

–on the meteors of August and November, xlii, 401.

Walkly, N., on hydrogen gas in a lead water-pipe, xxxiv, 393.

Walks and alleys, valuable material for, xxiv, 206.

Walls or dikes in North Carolina, J. Beckwith, v, 1.

—, how preserved from dampness, xii, 193.

Wallace, J., on certain Algebraic series, vii, 278.

—, reply to remarks on, ix, 98.

—, numerical faculties, vii, 285.

Wallace, W. C., dissection of the eye of a halibut, xxvi, 393.^f

—, discovery of a muscle in the eye of fishes, xxvi, 394.

—, dissection of the eye of the streaked bass, with observations on the accommodation of the eye to different distances, xxvii, 216.^f

—, on the retina, xxviii, 278.

—, on a Bramah press attached to the eyes of fishes, xxxiv, 376.

—, denial of a charge of plagiarism made by J. Dalrymple, xxxiv, 396.

—, discovery of a muscle attached to the crystalline lens, xxxv, 291.

Wallestein, J. de, meteorological tables of, ix, 394.

Walper, G. G., Repertorium, noticed, xlvii, 200.

Waltershausen, W. S. von, letter on Etna, xlvii, 100.

Ward, M., alternating steam engine of, iv, 90.^f

Ward, N., on fresh and salt water fountains, xviii, 379.

Ward, N. B., on the growth of plants in closely glazed cases, xxxiv, 11; xliii, 383.

Warder, M. A., reclamation of, relative to a species of trilobite, xxxvi, 187.

Ware, H., notice of an Aurora in 1789, xxxiv, 204.

Ware, N. A., note on drift wood, iii, 19.

Warm air, mode of heating apartments by, xxv, 290; xxxiv, 84.

— springs, see Springs.

Warren, J. C., on the Siamese twins, xvii, 212.^f

—, on North American crania, xxxiv, 47.

Warrington, R., on the adulteration of the green teas of commerce, xlviii, 188.

—, bones from guano, xlix, 391.

—, action of animal charcoal, xlix, 393.

Wartmann, L. F., on Saturn's ring and the comet of Biela, xxv, 191.

Warwick rocking stone, vii, 201.^f

Warwickite, C. U. Shepard, xxxiv, 313; xxxvi, 85.

Washington, G., Trumbull's portrait of, xxxix, 245.

—, — painting of his resignation of office, xxxix, 239.

Washington, Capt., account of a Mandingo, xxxv, 305.

—, of recent expeditions to Antarctic seas, xxxv, 306.

—, account of trigonometrical surveys, xxxv, 308.

Washington, Mount, excursion up, viii, 176.

—, —, popular notice of, G. W. Nichols, xxxiv, 73.

—, —, remarks on, B. Silliman, xxxiv, 76.

—, —, —, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 120.

—, —, height of, xxxiii, 322; xxxiv, 120; xxxv, 378; xxxvii, 87; xli, 384.

Washingtonite, a supposed new mineral, xliii, 364.^f

Watch, remarkable, made by Rebiller, xviii, 180.

Watchmakers' oil, ix, 202.

Water, action of, on lead, xxxiv, 25; xlvi, 398.

—, analysis of, from Black Sea, xx, 188.

—, —, from Dead Sea, B. Silliman, Jr., xlviii, 10.

—, —, from sea, near Brighton, G. Schweitzer, xxxviii, 12.

—, —, from the spouting fountain near Naples, xxv, 195.

—, —, from the Rio Vinagre, Boussingault xxiv, 149.

—, boiling point of, different in vessels of different materials, xlvii, 190.

—, —, used in measuring heights, xxxvii, 19.

—, boring for, xix, 203; xxvii, 399.

—, —, in the United States, xii, 136.

—, —, in New York, xxiii, 206.

—, —, see Wells, artesian.

— of cities, contaminated, xxvi, 294.

—, for the city of Boston, notice of L. Baldwin's report on the introduction of, xxxi, 179.

—, — — Glasgow, iii, 372.

—, color of deep, X. de Maistre, xxvi, 65.

—, compressibility of, J. Perkins, iii, 347.^f

—, —, H. C. Œrsted, ix, 189; xv, 186.

—, —, xiii, 189.

—, —, instrument for measuring, vii, 195.

—, non-conducting power in relation to heat, W. W. Mather, xiii, 368.^f

—, conduction of heat by, C. Dewey, xxviii, 151; xxxi, 266.

—, currents in, A. W. Carson on, xxix, 340.^f

—, decomposition of, C. Despretz, xx, 186.

—, —, see Oceanic.

—, —, by galvanism, xix, 383.

—, —, by magnetic electrical machines, xxxiii, 217.^f

—, —, by atmospheric electricity, xx, 179.

—, —, —, and common electricity, xxi, 368.

—, —, by chlorine in the sun's rays, xlix, 348.^f

—, apparatus for illustrating decomposition and recomposition of, R. Hare, xxxviii, 336.^f

—, density of, maximum, xvi, 265; xxiii, 391; xxviii, 357.

—, discharge of a jet of, in water, xxi, 379.

—, evaporation of, xv, 180.

—, —, under electric insulation, xlvii, 190.

—, filtering for domestic purposes, xxx, 172.^f

—, freezing, sparks emitted by, xxvi, 178.

—, —, apparatus for, with sulphuric acid, R. Hare, xxvii, 132.^f

—, formation of, by compound blowpipe, iii, 91.

—, hard, solvent power of, xxi, 150.

—, heating of, E. Emmons, xviii, 371.

—, impurities of, how precipitated, xxviii, 150.

—, —, in rain, xv, 185.

—, medicinal, on the preparation of, W. Meade, xxii, 126, 330.

—, mineral, see Springs.

—, oxygenized, iii, 369.

—, —, preparation by L. J. Thenard, xxiii, 382.

—, pressure of, at great depths, L. Vanuxem, xiv, 194.

—, purification of, xxviii, 150.

—, rain, nitric acid in, xv, 181.

—, solvent power of hard, xxi, 150.

—, temperature of, low in red hot vessels or surfaces highly heated, xix, 381.

—, —, low and non-ebullition of, ibid, xv, 180.

—, —, — ibid, remarks on, Le Chevalier, xxii, 384.

—, transporting power of, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 275.

— and air support vegetation, iii, 372.

—, vibration of glass producing a movement in, xxx, 192.

—, mode of access to volcanic fires, G. Bischof, xxxvi, 243, 262.

— in Indiana, character of, J. T. Plummer, xliv, 306.

— of Mediterranean, density at different depths, xvii, 364.

— of the British Channel, analysis of, xxxviii, 12.

— of the spouting fountain of Uncino, kingdom of Naples, with analysis, xxv, 194.

— of the Black Sea, analysis of, xx, 188.

— of the Dead Sea, analysis of, B. Silliman, Jr., xlviii, 10.

—, sea, near Brighton, analysis of, G. Schweitzer, xxxviii, 12.

— of the Rio Vinagre, analysis of, Boussingault, xxiv, 149.

— in wells, temperature of, see under Temperature.

—, ocean, see Ocean and Seawater.

Water-burner, patent, vii, 141.

Water-cement in N. York, iii, 230; xxxvi, 45; xxxix, 96; xlvi, 29.

— of Southington, Ct., xiii, 382.

— in the Appalachian chain, xxxvii, 381.

—, rock for, near Quebec, F. H. Baddely, xxviii, 113, 367.

Water-cresses, dangerous plant among, xix, 191.

Water-fall, see Falls.

Water-spouts, remarks on, v, 135.

—, causes of, X. de Maistre, xxv, 47.^f

—, —, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 126, 127; xxxiii, 58; xliii, 265.

—, —, H. E. Œrsted, xxxvii, 250.^f

—, —, R. Hare, xxxii, 153.^f

—, account and theory of, H. W. Ogden, xxix, 254.

—, illustration of a theory of, W. Gaylord, xl, 399.

—, rotation of, xl, 324, 332.

—, in France in 1823, x, 183.

—, on the Lake of Geneva, xxiv, 377.

—, off Florida in 1826, notice of, B. Lincoln, xiv, 171.^f

—, at New Brunswick in 1835, xxxvi, 115.^f

Water-wheels, on the asserted acceleration during night and in winter, ix, 104; x, 129; xii, 163.

—, on the overshot, A. B. Quinby, ix, 304.^f

—, pitchback and breast, A. B. Quinby, xi, 333.

Water-works, in Philadelphia, vi, 375; viii, 193.

Waterhouse, B., notice of, i, 37.

Watkins's galvanic battery, xvii, 162.

Watson, J. T., on the heat produced by friction, viii, 276.

Wave lines and mud furrows in rocks, J. Hall, xlv, 148.

Waves, v, 131.

—, J. S. Russell on the laws of, xxxviii, 100; xl, 323; xliv, 159.

—, mechanism of, in reference to steam navigation, J. S. Russell, xxxiii, 283.

— of translation, J. S. Russell, xxxiv, 1.

—, report of the committee of the British Association on, xxxv, 290.

—, remarkable, at the Sandwich Islands, 1837, T. C. B. Rooke, xxxvii, 358.

—, transporting effect, remarks on, H. D. Rogers, xlvii, 274.

— of sea, and sound, instruments for illustrating, xlix, 20.^f

Wavellite from Richmond, Mass., C. Dewey, ii, 249.

Wax, fossil, Meyer, xxx, 185.

— of the Myrica cerifera, i, 294.

—, sealing, xxi, 150; xxiii, 200; xxviii, 148.

— tablet, used for instructing the blind, xxxviii, 186.

Weasel, habits of, xlvi, 241.

Weather, influence of the moon on, F. Marcet, xxvii, 192.

—, see Meteorology.

Weather-glass, zoological, xvii, 187.

Webb, on lunar volcanoes, xxxv, 305.

Webb, T. H., on fluor spar, iv, 50; vii, 54.

—, minerals near Providence, iv, 284.

—, mineral localities, v, 402; viii, 225, 228.

—, localities of talc and tourmaline, vii, 55.

Webber, S., on the alluvial banks of the Connecticut, xlvii, 98.

Webster, J. W., notice of the lectures of, i, 304.

—, — of the cabinet of, i, 305.

—, structure of Calton Hill, near Edinburgh, Scotland, and on the aqueous origin of wacke, i, 230.^f

—, analysis of wacke, i, 296.

—, localities of minerals, principally at Haddam, Ct., ii, 239.

—, sinter at St. Michael's, iii, 391.

—, on prussic acid, iii, 189.

—, epidote at Nahant, iii, 364.

—, on the island of St. Michael, iv, 251.

—, foreign notices in Mineralogy, iv, 25.

—, communication of Boué's notices of European Geology, vi, 188.

—, discovery of green feldspar, xxxv, 192.

—, claim to blowpipe mouth, xxxv, 187.

—, explosion of hydrogen and oxygen, with remarks on Hemming's safety tube, xxxvii, 104.

—, notice of work on the Azores by, iv, 251.

—, work of, on Chemistry, noticed, xi, 377; xx, 89; xxxvi, 195; xxxviii, 329.

—, proposed biography of scientific men, xxxvii, 193.

Webster, N., notice of the seasoning of timber, and of the acceleration of water-wheels during the night, xii, 163.

—, critical interpretation of bara and asah, xxxv, 375.

—, winters of uncommon severity, xxviii, 183.

—, opinions on temperature, xlvii, 228.

—, on luminous appearance in the atmosphere, xii, 380.

—, dictionary of, noticed, xv, 399.

Wedgewood ware, notice of, xxvi, 242.

Weed, W. B., on scenery in Pennsylvania, xxi, 197.

Weeds, destruction of, xxii, 381.

Weekes, W. H., experiments with reference to the Acarus Crossii, xliii, 395.

Weight, apparent diminution of, in some instances of lifting, W. E. A. Aikin, xxvii, 224;

–J. Nickalls, xxviii, 198.

—, atomic, of elementary bodies, xxxviii, 119; xlvii, 187.

Weights and measures, notice of F. R. Hassler's report on, xxiii, 405.

Welland canal, xiv, 159.^f

Wells, R. W., origin of prairies, i, 331.

Wells, artesian, xx, 392.

—, —, notice of, xxvii, 399.

—, —, at St. André, xxxvi, 204.

—, —, at Grenelle, Paris, xli, 209.

—, —, uses arising from the uniform temperature of the water, xxii, 373.

—, —, Ohio, xlix, 406.

—, frozen, xxxvi, 184.

—, of Columbia, S. C., affected by earthquakes, i, 93.

—, temperature of, see Temperature.

Wellsted, J. R., on the province of Omán, on the eastern coast of Arabia, xxxii, 383.

Welther's tube of safety, substitute for, xvii, 345.^f

West, C. E., siliceous tubes in the earth, Rome, N. Y., xlv, 220.

West, on the corrosion of lead tubes by spring water, xlvi, 398.

West Indies, geology of, i, 140.

— —, coral limestone, raised, in Dominica, iv, 218;

–St. Christopher's, iv, 218;

St. Eustatia, iv, 219;

Saba, iv, 219.

— —, Antigua, i, 56, 140; xii, 378; xxxv, 75.

— —, Barbadoes, v, 406.

— —, St. Croix, S. Hovey, xxxv, 64.

West of England Journal, notice of, xxviii, 365.

Westchester, Pa., geology and mineralogy of, xiv, 15.

— County Cabinet of Natural Science, xxii, 402.

Western country, natural resources of, xxii, 122.

Western Museum Society, i, 203.

Wetzel, L., adventure of, xxxi, 14.

Whale, suspension of respiration in, xxix, 348.

—, fossil, xvii, 289.

—, remains of, at Durham, England, xxxviii, 130.

Wheat, manures for, xii, 165.

—, soil for, xii, 372.

—, growth of, on accelerating, G. W. Hall, xxxi, 345; xxxviii, 129.

—, —, effects of an earthquake on, ix, 208.

Wheatstone, C., on binocular vision, xxxv, 295.

Wheels, water, on pitchback or breast, A. B. Quinby, xi, 333.

—, —, on the asserted acceleration of, during night and in winter, ix, 104; x, 129; xii, 163.

Wheeler, A. D., solution of a diophantine problem, xx, 295.

Wheeler, H., on sea-serpent, ii, 161.

Wheeling, Virginia, notice of, xxiv, 186.

—, —, Indian attacks, xxxi, 3.

Wheelright, W., efforts of, for steam navigation, xli, 358.

—, on steam navigation in the Pacific, xliii, 107.

Whelk, economical notice of, xxxii, 248.

Whelpley, J. D., two species of hydrachna, xxx, 354.^f

—, idea of an atom, xlviii, 352.

Whetstone, in R. Island, viii, 232.

—, see farther, Novaculite.

Whewell, W., anniversary address by, before the Geological Society of London, xxxvii, 218.

—, address before the eleventh meeting of the British Association, xli, 391.

—, chemical symbols, xxi, 369.

—, relative level of land and sea, as connected with the tides, xxxi, 335; xxxv, 287.

—, on mineralogical systems, xliv, 214.

—, heat from the sun, central heat, of space, &c., xxix, 349.

—, tides mapped out by curves, with a discussion on, xxxv, 290.

—, demonstration that all matter is heavy, xlii, 264.

—, —, reply to, by R. Hare, xlii, 260.

Whirlpools, course of, A. W. Carson, xxix, 341.^f

Whirlwind, see Winds.

White, C., obtained a patent for hydraulic lime, iii, 230.

White, G., notice of the works of, xxxvii, 155.

White, D. A., eulogium on Dr. Bowditch, xxxv, 386.

White Mountains, old man of the mountain, xiv, 64^f; xxxiv, 122.

— —, slides in, and miscellaneous notices of, xv, 217.

— —, excursion among, J. Pierce, viii, 172.

— —, excursion to, O. P. Hubbard, xxxiv, 105.^f

White race of Atlas, xxxii, 400.

Whiting, H., on the supposed tides of the North American lakes, xx, 205.

—, remarks on East Florida, 1838, xxxv, 47.

Whiting, S., description of a marine ventilator, xviii, 75.^f

Whitlock, G. C., on the measure of polygons, xlvii, 380.^f

Whitney, E., on a fluid contained in stones, viii, 285.

—, invention of the cotton gin, xxi, 209.

—, manufacture of fire-arms, xxi, 237.

—, memoir of, D. Olmsted, xxi, 201.^f

—, reminiscences of, B. Silliman, xxi, 255.^f

—, monumental stone of, xxi, 264.^f

Whitney, J. D., translation by, of Berzelius on the blowpipe, noticed, xlix, 379.

Whittlesey, C., heights of places in Ohio, and elsewhere, xlv, 12.

Wiegman, on the inorganic elements of plants, xlvii, 194.

Wier's cave, Virginia, i, 59, 64.

Wikström's Report on Botany, xl, 393.

Wilcox, C., letters on the White Mountains, xv, 217.

Wilcox, P. B., on adjusting lightning rods, xviii, 361.

Wilcox, W. W., on oil from white fish, xxxv, 391.

Wilder, C., algebraic solution by, xvi, 271.

—, on the rectification of the ellipse, xviii, 38.^f

—, on the resolution of equations of the fourth degree, xviii, 276.

—, on analytical geometry, xx, 285.^f

Wilkes, C., notice of Hassler's repeating theodolite, xvi, 252.^f

—, on the formation of Antarctic ice, xlvii, 114.

—, Narrative of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, noticed, xlviii, 211; xlix, 149.

Wilkesbarre, on the rocks and coal, &c., of, iv, 1^f; vii, 260; xii, 66; xviii, 309.^f

— fossil plants, ix, 165.

Wilkie, Daniel, sides of right angled triangles expressed by integral numbers, xxiv, 68.

—, on definitions, xxx, 28, 266; xxxi, 88, 236.

Wilkie, David, death of, xlii, 215.

Willard, Emma, on the universal terms, xxiii, 18.

Williams, S. C., notice of mineral localities, x, 206.

Williams, S. R., on the shooting stars, of August, 1844, xlviii, 320.

Williams, S. W., floral calendar kept at Deerfield, Massachusetts, i, 359.

Williams, W. H., meteorological journal kept at Savannah, xxv, 211; xxvii, 173.

Williamstown, Mass., geology of, &c., i, 337.^f

Willis's lute, vii, 392.

Willoughby, some notice of, C. Fox, xxxvi, 229.

Wilmington Island, fossils of, xxxv, 380.

Wilmsen, F. P., death of, xxii, 380.

Winch, N. J., notice of, xxxvii, 120.

Winds and storms, proximate causes of, E. Mitchell, xix, 248.^f

—, general, and on atmospheric phenomena, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 125; xlv, 302.

—, —, and on the stratification and elevation of currents in the atmosphere, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 128; xxxiii, 52.

—, names and characters of different, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 126.

—, average velocity near the surface of the ocean, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 52.

—, great circuits of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 61; xlv, 302.

—, causes of the great system of, W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 316; xlv, 307.

—, system of, in the Atlantic, W. C. Redfield, xx, 50.

—, direction indicated by the ashes of volcanoes, xxv, 128; xxxiii, 53.

—, curve representing the comparative force of, almost identical with the curve of temperature, xl, 322.

—, curve of calms reverse of the curve of temperature, xl, 322.

—, monsoons, characters of, W. C. Redfield, xxv, 124.

—, —, character and causes of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 63.

—, —, time of changes in the N. E. and S. W., at Canton, xxxv, 220.

—, sea and land, causes of, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 65.

—, trade, attributed to accumulation of air in the Gulf of Mexico, v, 355.

—, —, course and causes of, W. C. Redfield, xx, 30; xxv, 124; xxxiii, 61.

—, —, ibid, J. P. Espy, xxxix, 120, 129.

—, —, relation of, to the westerly, of higher latitudes, xx, 30.

—, —, semi-annual change in, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 304.

—, —, objections to common theories of, W. C. Redfield, xlv, 303.

—, of the summit of the Andes and other high peaks, W. C. Redfield, xxviii, 314.

—, at Canton, xxxviii, 272.

—, at Montreal, J. S. McCord, xli, 331.

— in U. States, of several years, at different forts, xxx, 10.

—, in the U. States; causes of the coldness and dryness of the west and northwest winds of New England, T. Dwight, viii, 307.

—, —, prevailing, in New York state, 1833, xxv, 259.

—, —, of New York state, xlix, 179.

—, —, at New York city, westerly more prevalent than easterly, W. C. Redfield, xxxiii, 62.

—, —, observations on, at N. York for five years, to 1837, inclusive, W. C. Redfield, xxxiv, 373.

—, —, as indicated by the higher clouds, at Otisco, N. Y., W. Gaylord, xxxix, 63.

—, —, prevailing, of Ohio and the West, C. Atwater, i, 276.

—, —, register of, at Hudson, Ohio, E. Loomis, xli, 319; xlix, 279, 280.

—, at New Orleans, 1833-36, Prof. Barton, xxxi, 401.

Storms or Tornadoes.

— of the Atlantic, v, 352.

— —, W. C. Redfield, xx, 17^f; xxv, 114; xxxi, 115^f; xlii, 112.^f

— —, —, September, 1804, xxxi, 124.^f

— —, —, September, 1821, xx, 20, 24; xxxi, 126.^f

— —, —, August, 1827, xxxi, 123.^f

— —, —, August, 1830, xx, 34^f, 39; xxxi, 125^f, 136.^f

— —, —, September, 1830, xx, 41; xxxi, 125.^f

— —, —, December, 1830, xxxi, 126.^f

— —, —, June, 1831, xxxi, 123.^f

— —, —, August, 1831, xxi, 191; xxv, 119; xxxi, 123.^f

— —, —, August, 1835, xxxi, 124.^f

— of the Atlantic, W. C. Redfield, Dec. 15, 1839, xlii, 112.^f

— in United States, December, 1836, E. Loomis, xl, 34.

— —, list of, from 1823 to 1842, E. Loomis, xliii, 298.

— in New England, September, 1815, N. Darling, xlii, 243.

— —, in N. Hampshire, Sept. 1821, J. Woods, xxxv, 233.

— —, in Connecticut, at New Haven, July, 1839, D. Olmsted, xxxvii, 340.^f

— —, —, at Northford, June, 1794, xxxix, 384.

— —, in Rhode Island, August, 1838, R. Hare, xxxviii, 73.

— —, —, ibid, W. C. Redfield, xliii, 263.^f

— —, in New York, at Catskill, July, 1819, B. W. Dwight, iv, 124.

— —, —, in Onondaga Co., July, 1838, W. Gaylord, xxxvii, 90.

— —, —, central N. York, September, 1840, xlii, 210.

— —, —, over lakes Erie and Ontario, November, 1835, W. C. Redfield, xxxi, 126.^f

— —, in New Jersey, New Brunswick, June, 1835, J. P. Espy cited by R. Hare, xxxii, 158.

— —, —, ibid, W. C. Redfield, xxxv, 206; xli, 69.^f

— —, —, ibid, L. C. Beck, xxxvi, 115.^f

— —, in Ohio, at Stowe, October, 1837, E. Loomis, xxxiii, 368.^f

— —, —, at Marietta, April 23, 1840, S. P. Hildreth, xl, 346.

— —, —, at Mayfield, February, 1842, E. Loomis, xliii, 278.^f

— —, in Tennessee, at Shelbyville, June, 1830, J. H. Kain, xxxi, 252.

— of Europe, remarks on, W. C. Redfield, xxxv, 222.

— —, England, January, 1838, F. Osler, xxxviii, 103.

— —, France, xix, 191; xx, 395; xxxviii, 77.

— —, Switzerland, xx, 178.

— of Asia, near Calcutta, April 8, 1838, J. Floyd, xxxvi, 71.

— —, China seas, (tyfoons) W. C. Redfield, xxv, 121; xxxv, 209^f; xxxvi, 59.

— —, —, September, 1831, W. C. Redfield, xxxv, 218.

— —, —, October, 1831, Manilla, W. C. Redfield, xxxv, 220.

— —, —, August, 1832, W. C. Redfield, xxxv, 217.

— —, —, Raleigh's, of 1835, xxxv, 210^f; xxxvi, 59.

—, barometric effects attending, W. C. Redfield, xx, 45; xxv, 117; xxxi, 127; xxxiii, 262.

—, —, ibid, during storm of December, 1836, in the U. States, E. Loomis, xl, 34.

—, — ibid, J. P. Espy, xxxix, 123.

—, — ibid, H. W. Dové, xliv, 315.

—, E. Mitchell, on causes and nature of storms, xix, 248^f; xx, 361.

—, W. C. Redfield, characters of Atlantic and others, gyratory, xx, 21; xxi, 191; xxv, 117; xxxi, 115; xxxiii, 57; xxxv, 214^f; xli, 70; xlii, 301; xlv, 307.

—, —, direction of gyration, xx, 32; xxv, 117, 121; xxxi, 115; xxxv, 215, 222; xli, 70; xlii, 115.

—, —, principles respecting the gyratory action of, xli, 70.

—, —, gyratory storm moves with the main currents, xx, 22; xxi, 191; xxv, 114.

—, —, velocity of the wind, not the velocity of the movement of a gale, xx, 23; xxxiii, 57; xxxv, 215.

—, —, rate of progress, course, extent, xxv, 114, 117; xxxv, 215, 221.

—, —, duration of, xxv, 115.

—, —, on the changes of wind during, xxv, 116; xliii, 268.

—, —, direction of wind and course of storm different, xxv, 115.

—, —, oscillations of the axis of rotation, xxv, 118.

—, —, centre of, a region of calms, xxxiii, 61.

—, —, opposite sides of a whirlwind often unequal in breadth, xliii, 275.

—, —, fluctuations of barometer accompanying the passage of, xx, 45; xxv, 117.

—, —, fall of barometer a result of the gyration, xx, 45; xxxi, 127.

—, —, barometric indications extend beyond the limits of the action, xlii, 114.

—, —, causes of some irregularities, xxxv, 203.

—, —, two sometimes mingled, xlii, 114.

—, —, a transference sometimes from the lower to the higher currents, xxxi, 128.

—, —, transfer of volcanic ashes by upper currents, xxv, 129.

—, —, directions to navigators with regard to escaping the violence of, xxv, 119; xxxv, 216.

—, —, in relation to system of ocean currents in the Atlantic, xx, 50; xxv, 130.

—, —, elliptical circuit of storms in the Atlantic, xxv, 114; xxxi, 128.

—, —, Atlantic storms originate in the tropics, xxv, 114.

—, —, the northeasters and southeasters of the United States coast, part of the same storm, xx, 29.

—, —, Pacific system of storms, same as Atlantic, xxxi, 128, 129.

—, —, causes of thunder-storms, gusts, squalls and water-spouts, xxxiii, 56, 58, 60.

—, —, winds not a result of the condensation producing rain, xxxiii, 58.

—, —, effects of gales on trees and fences, xliii, 263.^f

—, —, gyratory action from circular fires, xxxvi, 50.

—, —, Herschel on the views of, xxxv, 281.

—, —, R. Hare on the views of, xlii, 140; xliii, 122; xliv, 384.

—, —, in reply to R. Hare, xlii, 299; xliii, 250.

—, R. Hare, causes of, xxxii, 153^f; xxxviii, 81, 82; xlii, 143; xliii, 136.

—, —, effect of an electrified current of air, xxxii, 154; xlii, 143.

—, —, objections to Redfield's views, xlii, 140; xliii, 122.

—, —, — to Dové's essay, xliv, 137.

—, E. Loomis, on the gyratory motion, xliii, 287, 291.

—, —, different character of the two sides, in the tornado of Mayfield, Feb. 1842, xliii, 285.

—, —, force of wind, ibid, xliii, 284.

—, —, effect of, in picking feathers of geese, xliii, 293.

—, —, character of gyration in small whirlwinds, xliii, 296.

—, —, causes of the storm of Dec. 1836, xl, 36.

—, —, limits, ibid, xl, 35.

—, —, effect on barometer, ibid, xl, 34.

—, J. P. Espy, on the nature of, xxxix, 120.

—, —, effect of heat in producing, xxxix, 120.

—, —, effect of tornado on trees, xxxix, 127.

—, —, views of, presented to the British Association, xl, 327.

—, —, —, notice of, A. D. Bache, xxxv, 280.

—, —, —, remarks on, J. Stevelly, xl, 329.

—, —, —, remarks on, F. Osler, xl, 330.

—, W. Gaylord, illustrations of a theory of water-spouts, tornadoes, &c., xl, 399.

—, C. Tracy, on the rotary character and action of, xlv, 65.^f

—, W. Reid, on the laws of, xxxv, 276.^f

—, —, gyratory character of, xxxv, 183, 277.^f

—, —, force of, in accordance with the law of magnetic intensity, xxxv, 280.

—, H. W. Dové, on the law of, xliv, 315.^f

—, —, gyratory character of, xliv, 321.

—, —, barometric indications, xliv, 315.

—, —, causes of West Indian, xliv, 329.

—, —, general causes of, xliv, 337.

—, —, direction to navigators, xliv, 338.

Windows of wire gauze, a protection against malaria, xviii, 370.

Windsor, East, fossil bones of, ii, 146.

Wines of Madeira, xxiv, 240.

— of Palestine, xxviii, 51.

— —, analysis of, E. Hitchcock, xlvi, 249.

—, on the alcoholic strength of, xxxvii, 363.

— and other fermented liquors, researches on ingredients of, L. C. Beck, xxviii, 42.

—, ibid, specific gravity of, xxviii, 45.

—, ibid, proportion of alcohol in, xxviii, 48.

—, grease of, xxii, 192.

—, mode of improving, iv, 394.

—, odor of, due to a peculiar ether, Liebig and Pelouze, xxxii, 381.

—, tests of coloring material of, Jacob, xlix, 198.

Winnebago, Fort, some account of the region around, D. Ruggles, xxx, 1.^f

Winslow, M., on the minerals of Ceylon, vi, 192.

—, notices from Ceylon, viii, 186.

Winthrop, J., ancient catalogue of objects of Natural History, xlvii, 282.

—, meteorological observations during; the years 1741 to 1757, xl, 204.

Wire drawing, vi, 393.

— gauze windows, a protection against malaria, xviii, 370.

— rope for deep mines, xxxv, 319.

—, covering for, xx, 409.

—, conducting power of, xlv, 392.

Wirtemberg University, viii, 183.

—, kingdom of, xx, 176.

Wisconsin Indian mounds, xxxiv, 88.^f

—, copper ores in, xliii, 38.

— lead region, remarks upon, xliii, 35.^f

—, earthworks, S. Taylor, xliv, 21.^f

—, elevations in, xlvi, 258.

Wiseman, N., Connection of Science and Revealed Religion by, noticed, xxxii, 209.

Witham, H., on the vegetation of the first period of an ancient world, xviii, 110.^f

—, investigations on fossil vegetables, xxv, 108.

—, sections of fossil wood, xxvii, 415.

Witherite in the state of Missouri, iii, 63.

Withers, R. W., geological notices of Greene Co., Alabama, xxiv, 187.

Wöhler, F., method of obtaining osmium and iridium from the platinum residue, xxvi, 371.

—, products of the decomposition of narcotine, xlix, 205.

— and Liebig, on the radical of benzoic acid, xxvi, 261^f;

–analysis, 267.

—, bitter almond oil, xxvi, 263.

—, on compact aluminium, xlix, 390.

Wolchonskoite, Kammerer, xxvi, 387.

Wolf, anecdote of, iv, 310.

Wolves, destruction to stock in Russia by, xx, 177.

Wollaston, H. W., remarks on the Cryophorus of, vii, 140.

—, scale of chemical equivalents, xii, 4; xvi, 371.

—, obituary notice of, xvi, 216; xvii, 159.

Wollaston Medal, awarded to G. A. Mantell, xxviii, 391.

— —, — to L. Agassiz, xxx, 382.

— —, — to Richard Owen, xxxv, 197.

Wolle, J., catalogue of plants, xxxvii, 310.

Wonders of Geology, G. A. Mantell, xxxiv, 387; xxxv, 384; xxxix, 1.

Wood, A., Class Book of Botany by, noticed, xlix, 190.

Wood, charring of, xvii, 395^f; xx, 189.

—, bituminization of, in human era, xxxv, 345; xxxvi, 118.^f

—, coating for, xxiii, 199.

—, decay and mouldering of, Hermann, xlix, 204.

—, attacked by the Limnoria terebrans, xxxiv, 27.

—, fossil, see under Fossil.

—, eatable food from, xxviii, 399.

—, rendered incombustible, xiv, 379.

—, spontaneous combustion of, xxvii, 178; xxxiii, 150; xxxv, 144.

—, process for drying, xvii, 163.

—, inhumed, xvii, 398.

—, preservation of, by pyrolignite of iron, Boucherie, xl, 213.

—, —, xxxiv, 28.

—, set on fire by the direct rays of the sun, xxvii, 179.

—, silicified, see Fossil and Silicification.

— of different kinds, experiments to determine the strength of, xix, 228.^f

—, locust, for subterranean works, xxx, 182.

Wood's inking machine, xxiii, 103.^f

Wood, G. B., United States Dispensatory of, noticed, xxxi, 406.

Wood, J., rocks moved by ice, ix, 144.

Woodbridge's Geography, notice of, xii, 373.

Woodbridge, W. C., American Annals of Education by, notice of, xix, 174, 357.

—, Italian engravings, xv, 401.

Woodbury basin, ii, 231.

Woodhull, S., on the heat of 1825, x, 296.

Woodruff, S., on the barn swallow, xix, 172.

—, rattlesnake disarmed by leaves of white ash, xxiii, 337.

—, on snakes, xxix, 304.

—, on hybernation and other topics in Natural History, xxiv, 363.

—, the mole carnivorous, xxviii, 168.