Book 12 — GENERAL INDEX.

Note.—The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

Abandonment of Mines, 217

Abertham. Mines at, 74; 92; 74

Abolite, 113

Abstrich, 465; 492

Abydos. Gold mines of, 26; 27 Lead figure from, 390

Abzug, 464; 465; 475

Achates (see Agate).

Accidents To Miners, 214-218

Accounts (Mining), 96-98

Adit, 101

Aeris flos (see Copper Flowers).

Aeris squama (see Copper Scales).

Aes caldarium, 109

Aes luteum, 109

Aes nigrum, 109

Aes purum fossile (see Native Copper).

Aes rude plumbei coloris (see Copper Glance).

Aes ustum (see Roasted Copper).

Aetites, 2

Africa. Iron, 420 Tin, 412

Agate, 114

Agriculture. Mining compared with, 5

Ailments of Miners (see Maladies of Miners).

Air Currents in Mines, 121; 200

Alabaster, 114

Alchemists, XXVII-XXX; 44; 608 Agricola's opinion of, XII; XXVII. Amalgamation, 297 Assaying, 248; 219 Discovery of acids, 439; 460 Distillation, 441

Aljustrel Tablet, 83-84

Alkali, 558

Alloys, Assaying of, 247-252

Alluvial Mining, 321-348; 330-332

Alston Moor, 84

Altenberg, XXXI; VI. Collapse of mine, 216 Miners poisoned, 214 Tin working appliances, 290; 304; 318

Alum, 564-568; 564-570 A solidified juice, 1 Elizabethan Charter, 283 In roasted pyrites, 350 In Sal artificiosus, 463 Latin and German terms, 220; 221 Papal monopoly, 570 Use in making nitric acid, 439; 460

Amalgam. Parting the gold from, 298; 297

Amalgamation, 297 Of gilt objects, 461 Mills, 295-299

Amber, 34; 35

Amethyst, 114

Amiantus (see Asbestos).

Ampulla, 445-447; 220

Annaberg, VI; XXXI; 42; 75; 75 Profits, 92

Ant, venomous, 216

Antimony, 220; 428; 354 Minerals, 110 Smelting of, 400; 428 Use as type-metal, 2; 429

Antimony Sulphide, 220; 428; 451 Parting gold and silver with, 451; 451; 461 Parting gold from copper, 463 Parting silver and iron, 544

Antwerp, Scale of Weights, 263

Apex Law, 81; 83-86

Aqua regia, 439; 441; 354

Aqua valens (see also Nitric Acid), 439-443; 439; 220 Clarification with silver, 443; 443 Cleansing gold-dust with, 396 Parting precious metals with, 443-447

Arbores dissectae (Lagging), 101

Archimedes, Screw of, 149

Architecture. Knowledge necessary for miners, 4

Area fodinarum (see Meer).

Argentiferous Copper Ores, Smelting of, 404-407

Argentite, 109

Argentum purum in venis (see Native Silver).

Argentum rude plumbei coloris (see Silver Glance).

Argentum rude rubrum translucidum (see Ruby Silver).

Argol, 234; 220 As a flux, 234; 238; 243 Use in melting silver nitrate, 447 Use in smelting gold dust, 396-398

Argonauts, 330

Arithmetical Science. Knowledge necessary for miners, 4

Armenia, Stone of, 115

Arsenic (see also Orpiment and Realgar), 111; 214

Arsenicum, 111

Arsenopyrite, 111

Asbestos, 440; 440; 114

Ash-coloured Copper, 539-540; 540; 523-524; 492 From liquation, 529-530

Ashes which Wool Dyers use (see also Potash), 233; 559; 220 Use in assaying, 236-238

Ash of Lead, 237-238; 237; 220

Ash of Musk Ivy (see also Potash and Nitrum), 236-238; 220

Asphalt, 581

Asphaltites (see Dead Sea).

Assay Balances (see Balances).

Assay Fluxes (see Fluxes).

Assay Furnaces, 224-228; 220 Crucible, 226-227 Muffle, 224-228; 239

Assaying (see also Probierbüchlein), 219; 219; 220; 354 Amalgamation, 243 Bismuth, 247 Copper, 244 Cupellation, 240 Gold and silver alloys, 248 Gold ore, 242-244 Iron ore, 247 Lead, 245-246 Silver, 242-245 Silver and copper alloys, 249-250 Tin, 246 Tin and silver alloys, 251

Assay Muffles (see Muffles).

Assay Ton, 261; 242

Assyrian Copper, 402

Asthma, 214

Astronomy. Knowledge necessary for miners, 4

Atarnea. Mines near, 26; 27

Athens. Mining law, 83 Sea power and mines, 27 Silver mines (see Mt. Laurion, Mines of).

Atramentum Sutorium (see also Vitriol), 572; 110

Atramentum Sutorium candidum, 113

Atramentum Sutorium rubrum, 274; 274

Aurichalcum, 409; 404

Auripigmentum (see Orpiment).

Azure, 1; 109; 220 An indication of copper, 116 An indication of gold, 117 Colour of flame, 235

Azurite 109; 220; 402

Babel, Tower of, 582

Babylonia. Bitumen in, 582 Use of lead, 391

Babytace. Gold buried by inhabitants, 9; 15

Baebelo, 42; 42

Balances, 224; 264-265

Barite, 115

Barmaster, of High Peak, 77

Bars, for Furnace Work, 382

Baskets, for Hoisting, 153

Batea, 156

Beer, 230; 220

Bell, to call Workmen, 100

Bellows, 362-373; 419 Ancient use of, 354; 355; 362 Assay furnace, 226; 245 Mine ventilation with, 207-210

Beni Hassen, Inscriptions at, 586

Berg-geel, 111

Bergmeister, 33; 81; 95; 77; 77; 78 Deals with forfeited shares, 92-93 Jurors, 96

Bergmeister's Clerk, 95; 78

Bergzinober (see Quicksilver).

Bermius (Bermium), Mt. (see Mt. Bermius).

Bismuth, 433; 354; 220 Assaying ores of, 247 Indication of silver, 116 Minerals, 2; 111 Smelting of, 433-437; 400 The "roof of silver," 117; 433 Zaffre, 112

Bitumen. Ancient knowledge of, 220; 581-582; 354 Colour of fumes, 235 Dead Sea, 33 Distillation, 581 From springs, 582 Harmful to metals, 273 Roasting from ore, 273; 276; 351 Solidified juice, 1

Bituminosa cadmia (see Cadmia bituminosa).

Blast, Regulation of, 380; 386

Blasting, 119

Blende, 113

Bleyberg, 239

Bloodstone, 111; 2

Bloom, 420

Blütstein (see Ironstone).

Bohemia. Antimony sulphide, 428 Pestilential vapours, 216 Sifting ore in, 293 Smelting, 384

Bone-ash, 230; 466

Borax, 560; 221; 110 Method of manufacture, 560 Use in gold smelting, 444; 457; 464 Use in assaying, 245; 246

Bornite, 109

Boundary Stones, 87; 129

Boundaries, 77; 147

Bowls for Alluvial Washing, 322; 324; 334; 336

Brass, 410; 354; 2 Ancient methods of making, 404-405; 112

Breaking Ore, 117-119

Brick Dust. Used in cementation, 454; 454 Used in making nitric acid, 440

Brine (see also Salt). Evaporation of, 547-548

Britain. Lead-silver smelting, 392 Miners mentioned by Pliny, 83 Tin trade, 411-413

British Museum. Egyptian gold-mining, 399 Egyptian lead, 390 Egyptian steel, 402

Bromyrite, 109

Bronze. Historical notes, 411; 402; 354

Bronze Age, 355; 402; 411

Bryle (Outcrop), 101

Buckets, for Hoisting Ore, 153-154; 157

Buddle, 281; 282; 267 Divided, 302-303 Simple, 300-302; 312-315

Bullion, Pouring into Bars, 382

Burning Ore, 231; 273; 267

Burnt Alum, 233; 565; 221

Cadmia (see also Zinc, Pompholyx, and Cobalt), 542; 542; 112-113 Ancient ore of brass, 410 From dust chambers, 394 From liquation, 539; 542 From roasting matte, 349 Poisonous to miners, 214; 214 Roasting, 276 Smelting for gold and silver, 410

Cadmia bituminosa, 276; 273; 113

Cadmia fornacis (see Furnace Accretions).

Cadmia fossilis (see Calamine and Blende).

Cadmia metallica (see also Cobalt), 403; 113

Caeruleum (see Azure).

Cakes of Melted Pyrites, 379; 222 A flux, 234 Roasting of, 349-351 Use in smelting, 379

Calaëm (see also Zinc), 409

Calamine, 112; 113; 409; 410

Calcite, 114

Calcspar, 116; 114

Caldarium Copper, 512; 542; 404; 511

Caldrons, for Evaporating Salts, 548

Calmei (see Calamine).

Cameros. Zinc found at, 409

Camphor, 238; 238; 221

Cam-shaft, 282-283; 267

Canales (Ore Channels), 43; 46; 47 Ore shoots in, 117

Cannon, 11

Cardinal Points, 57; 58

Carnelian, 114

Carneol (see Carnelian).

Carni, 390 Cupellation, 483 Smelting of lead ores, 390

Carpathian Mountains. Liquation practice in, 540; 544 Sieves, 289 Stamp-milling, 319

Carthage. Mines in Spain, 27

Castulo (Cazlona), 42

Cementation (see also Parting Gold from Silver), 453-457; 453; 458

Centumpondium, 616; 242; 509 Scale of weights, 260-261

Cerargurite, 109

Cerussa (see White-lead).

Cerussite, 110

Chain Pumps, 171-175

Chalcanthite, 110

Chalcanthum (see also Vitriol), 109; 572

Chalcedony, 114

Chalcitis, 573; 109 Indication of copper, 116

Chalcocite, 109; 402

Chalcopyrite, 109

Chaldean Antimony, 429

Chemistry. Origin, XXVII; 220

Chemnitz. Agricola appointed city physician, VII. Agricola elected burgomaster, VIII; IX. Quarrel over Agricola's burial, XI.

China, Grand Canal of, 129

Chinese. Early copper smelting, 402 Early iron, 421 Early silver metallurgy, 391 Early zinc smelting, 409

Chrysocolla (see also Borax), 110; 221; 584; 1 Collection in vats, 584 Colour of fumes, 235 Indication of copper, 116 Indication of gold, 117 Mineral, 109 Smelting of, 401

Church, Share in Mines, 91

Cimolite, 31

Cinnabar (see Quicksilver and Minium).

Claim, in American Title, 77

Cloth. Lining sluices, 322 Ventilation by shaking, 210

Coal, 34

Cobalt, 354; 542; 112-113 Cobalt-blue, 112; 433 From lead smelting, 408 King Hiram's experience with, 214 Poisonous to miners, 214 Relation to cadmia, 112 Relation to bismuth, 435 Smelting ores of, 401

Cobalt-Arsenic Minerals (see Arsenic).

Cobaltite, 113

Cobaltum cineraceum (see Smallite).

Cobaltum ferri colore (see Cobaltite).

Cobaltum nigrum (see Abolite).

Coiners, 95; 78

Coins, 251-253; 457

Colchis. Alluvial gold washing, 330

Cologne. Scale of weights, 263

Companies, Mining, 89-93; 90 Fraudulent dealing, 22 Investment in, 29

Compass, 141-142; 56; 129 Divisions of the, 56; 57 Swiss, 145; 137

Concentrates. From washing liquation products, 542 Sintering of, 401 Smelting of, 394; 396-399; 401

Concentration, 267-348; 279; 354

Congius, 153; 172, 617

Constantinople, Alum Trade, 569

Consumption. Miners liable to, 214

Conterfei (see Zinc).

Contracts, Method of Setting, 96

Copiapite, 111

Copper (see also Liquation), 109; 402; 511 Assay of, 244; 249 Granulation of, 250 Indications of, 116 Parting from gold, 462-464 Parting gold from silver, 448-451; 448 Ratio in liquation cakes, 505; 506 Residues from liquation, 521 Rosette, 538

Copper-filings, 233; 233; 221

Copper flowers, 538; 110; 233; 538 Pliny's description, 404

Copper Glance, 401; 109

Copper Matte. Roasting, 350 Smelting, 404-407

Copper Ore (see also Copper Smelting, etc.), 109 Assaying, 244-245

Copper Pyrites, 117; 109

Copper Refining, 530-538; 354; 492; 535-536 Breaking cakes, 501-503 Enrichment of silver by settling, 510 Roman method, 404 Rosette copper, 535

Copper Scales, 110; 221; 233; 539 Use in assaying, 245

Copper Schists (see also Mannsfeld Copper Slates), 127 Method of smelting, 408

Copper Smelting, 388-390; 401; 404; 402 Invention of appliances, 353-354

Cornwall. Ancient tin mining, 413 Early German miners, 282 Early mining law, 85 Early ore dressing, 282 Influence on German mining, 283 "Knockers," 217 Mining terms, 77; 101; 267; 282 Royal Geol. Soc. Transactions, 84

Coticula (see Touchstone).

Counterfeht (see Zinc).

Crane. For cupellation furnaces, 476-477 For lead cakes, 500 For liquation cakes, 514

Cremnitz. Age of mines, 5 Width of veins, 52

Crinoid Stems, 115

Croppings, 37; 37

Crosscuts, 106

Crowbars, 152

Crucible. Assay, 228; 230; 241; 245; 221 Of blast furnaces, 376; 377

Crudaria, 65

Crushing Mills (see Stamp-mill and Mills).

Crushing Ore, 231; 279-287; 279

Crystal (Crystallum), 114

Cumberland. Early report on ores of, 267 Roman lead furnaces, 392

Cup-Bearer. Right to a meer, 81

Cupellation, 464-483; 465-466 Buildings and furnaces, 464-472; 492 Brightening of the silver, 241, 475 In assaying, 240 In "tests," 483 Latin and German terms, 221; 492 Litharge, 475

Cupels, 228-230; 221; 466 Drying of, 240 Moulds, 231

Cupric Oxide, 221

Cuprite, 109; 402

Cyanus (see also Azurite), 110

Cyprus. Ancient copper smelting, 402

Dach, 127

Dactylos, 617; 78

Dangers to Miners, 214-218

Darrlinge, 492

Darrofen, 492

Darrsöhle, 492

Dawling, of a Vein, 101

Dead Sea. Bitumen in, 33

Decemviral College, 96

Decumanus (see Tithe Gatherer).

Demensum (see Measure).

Demons (see also Gnomes), 217; 217

Derbyshire (see also High Peak). Early ore washing, 281 Introduction jigging sieve, 283 Mining law, 77; 84-85

Descent into Mines, 212

Devon. Mining law, 85

Dilleugher, 267

Dioptra, 129

Diphrygum, 404

Dip of Veins, 65-75

Dippas, 101

Dippers, 157 Of pumps, 172

Discretores (see Sorters).

Distillation, 441 For making nitric acid, 441 Of amalgam, 244 Of quicksilver, 426-432

Distributor, 78

Divining Rod, 38-40; 38; 40

Divisions of the Compass, 56; 57

Drainage of Mines, 121; 171-198 With buckets, 171 With chain pumps, 172 With rag and chain pumps, 188 With suction pumps, 172 With water bags, 198

Drawing. Knowledge necessary for miners, 4

Drifts, 104; 105; 101 Timbering of, 125

Drusy Veins, 107; 107

"Drying" Liquation Residues (see also Liquation), 527-529; 491; 492 Furnaces for, 521; 526; 492 Silver extracted by, 529 Slags from, 523

Dumps, Working of, 30

Dust Chambers, 394; 416; 354

Dutins, (Timbers), 101

Dynamite, 119

"Earths." Agricola's view of, 1; 46; 48 Extraordinary, 115 Peripatetic view of, 46; 47

Egyptians. Alluvial mining, 330 Antimony, 428 Bronze, 402; 411 Copper smelting, 402 Crushing and concentration, 279 Furnaces, 355 Glass making, 586 Gold mining, 399 Iron, 421 Maps, 129 Mining law, 83 Silver and lead metallurgy, 390 Tin, 411; 412

Egyptian Screw (see Archimedes, Screw of).

Eifel. Spalling ore, 272

Eisenertz (see Ironstone).

Eisenglantz (see Ironstone).

Eisleben. Heap roasting, 279; 274

Electrum, 458; 2; 35

Elements, Peripatetic Theory of, 44

Emery, 115

Erbisdorff. Tin strakes, 304

Excoctores (see Smelters).

Exhalations. From veins, 38; 44

Exhausted Liquation Cakes (see Liquation Cakes, Exhausted).

Fans, Ventilation, 203-207

Fathom, 616; 77; 78

Federwis, (see also Asbestos), 114; 274

Feldspar, 114

Ferrugo (see Iron-rust).

Ferrum purum (see Native Iron).

Fibrae (see Stringers).

Fineness, Scales of, 253; 617

Fire-setting, 118-120; 118-119

Firstum Mines (see Fürst).

Fissure Vein (see Vena profunda).

Flame. Determination of metal by, 235 Determination of required flux by, 235

Flint, as a Flux, 380

Float, from Veins, 37

Flookan, 101

Flue-dust, 394-396

Fluores (see Fluorspar).

Fluorspar, 115; 380; 381 Indication of ore, 116

Flüsse (see Fluorspar).

Fluxes (see also Argol, Saltpetre, Limestone, Stones which easily melt, etc.), 232-239; 232; 237; 380; 221 Basic, 237 De-sulphurizing, 236; 237 For smelting, 379; 380; 386; 390 Reducing, 236; 237 Stock fluxes for assaying, 236 Sulphurizing, 236; 237

Footwall, 68; 117

Forehearth, 356; 375-378; 386; 355 For tin furnaces, 411; 413

Foreman (see Mining Foreman).

Forest-Fires, 36; 36

Forest of Dean, 84

Forest of Mendip, 84

Formae, 101

Fossa latens (see also Drifts), 101

Fossa latens transversa (see also Crosscuts), 101

Fossores (see Miners).

Founders' Hoards, 355; 402

Fractional Meers, 80

France. Mediæval mining law, 84

Free Mining Cities, 84

Freiberg, XXXI. Age of the mines, 5 Bergmeister, 95 Division of shares, 81; 90; 91 First discovery of veins, 35; 36 Flooding of mines, 218 Method of cupellation, 482

Fullers' Earth, 115

Fumes. From heated ore, 235 Poisonous, 215-216

Fundamentum (see also Footwall), 101

Fundgrube (see also Meer), 77

Furnaces, 374-378; 386; 388; 355; 492 Assaying (see Assay Furnaces). Bismuth smelting, 433-437 Burning tin concentrates, 349 Cementation, 455 Copper smelting, 401-408 Cupellation, 467-468; 482-483 "Drying" liquated copper, 522-526 Enriching copper bottoms, 510 Gold and silver ores, 382-384 Heating copper cakes, 503 Iron smelting, 420-421; 420 Latin and German terms, 220 Lead ores, 408-410 Liquation of silver, 515 Melting lead cakes, 498 Nitric acid making, 441 Parting precious metals with antimony, 452-453 Quicksilver distillation, 426-432 Refining copper, 531-533 Refining silver, 483; 489 Refining tin, 418 Roasting, 276-277 Smelting liquation slags, 507 Tin smelting, 411-413; 419

Furnace Accretions, 113; 221; 492 Removal of, 376

Furnace Hoods, 494

Fürst. Mines of, 24; 24

Gaarherd (see Refining-hearth).

Gaarmachen (see Copper Refining).

Gad, 150

Galena, 51; 109; 110; 221 Bismuth distinguished from, 3 Smelting of, 400-401

Gangue Minerals, 48

Garlic. Magnet weakened by, 39

Garnets, 334

Gases (see also Fumes) From fire-setting, 120

Gedigen eisen, silber, etc. (see Native Iron, Silver, etc.).

Gel atrament (see Misy).

Gems, 115; 1

Geology. Agricola's views, 595

Germans. English mining influenced by, 283 Mining men imported into England, 282 Ore-dressing methods, 281-282

Geschwornen (in Saxon mines), 77

Geyer, XXXI; 42; VI. Shafts, 102 Tin-strakes, 304

Gilding, 460 Removal from objects, 460; 464

Gips (see Gypsum).

Gittelde. Smelting of lead ore, 391

Glantz (see Galena).

Glasertz (see Silver Glance).

Glasköpfe (see Ironstone).

Glass, 584-592 Blowing, 592 Furnaces, 586-590 From sand, 380

Glass-galls, 235; 221 As a flux, 235; 238; 243; 246 Use in parting gold from copper, 464 Use in smelting gold concentrates, 397; 398

Glette (see Litharge).

Glimmer (see Mica).

Gnomes. In mines, 217; 112; 214; 217

Goblins (see Gnomes).

God's Gift Mine (see Gottsgaab Mine).

Gold (see also Gold Ores, Parting, Smelting, Stamp-Mill, etc.). Alluvial mining, 321-336; 330 Alluvial streams, 75 Amalgamation, 297 Gold-dust, 396 Historical notes, 399; 354 Indications of, 108; 116 Lust for, not the fault of the metal, 16 Minerals, 108 Minerals associated with, 108-109 Smelting of ores, 381-382; 386; 388; 390; 396 Wickedness caused by, 9-10

Gold Concentrates, 396-399; 398

Golden Fleece, 330; 330

Gold Ores, 107-108 Amalgamation, 295-299; 297 Assay by amalgamation, 243-244 Assay by fire, 242-243 Flux used in assaying, 235 Flux used in smelting, 398 Smelting in blast furnace, 398-400 Smelting cupriferous ores, 404-407 Smelting in lead bath, 399 Smelting pyritiferous ore, 398-401 Stamp-milling, 321

Goldstein (see Touchstone).

Goslar, 5; 37; 37 Lead smelting, 408 Native zinc vitriol, 572 Roasting ores, 274; 274 Spalling hard ore, 271

Goslarite, 113; 572

Gottsgaab Mine, VI; VII; 74; 74

Gounce, 267

Grand Canal of China, 129

Granulation Methods for Bullion, 444

Granulation of Copper, 250

Greeks. Antimony, 428 Brass making, 410 Copper smelting, 403 Iron and steel making, 421 Metallurgy from Egypt, 402 Mining law, 83 Ore dressing, 281 Quicksilver, 432 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Smelting appliances, 355

Grey Antimony (see also Stibium), 110; 221; 428

Griffins, 331

Groom of the Chamber. Right to a meer, 81

Groove (see also Shafts), 101

Ground Sluices, 336-337

Ground Waters, 46-48

Grünspan (see Verdigris).

Gulden, 92; 419

Gunpowder. First use for blasting in mines, 119 Invention of, 562

Gypsum, 114

Hade, 101

Haematites (see Ironstone).

Halinitrum (see Saltpetre).

Halle, Salt Industry, 552

Hammers, 151 With water power, 423

Hangingwall, 68; 117

Harz Miners. Agricola consulted, VII. Antimony sulphide, 428 First mining charter, 84 First stamp-mill, 282 Pumps, 194

Hauling Appliances (see also Whims and Windlasses), 160-168; 149

Heap Roasting, 274-276

Hearth-lead (see also Molybdaena), 475; 476; 110; 221 As a flux, 232 Use in smelting, 379; 398; 400

Hearths. For bismuth smelting, 433-437 For melting lead, 390; 498

Heavenly Host Mine (see Himmelisch Höz Mine).

Heavy Spar, 115

Hebrews. Knowledge of antimony, 428 Silver-lead smelting, 391 Term for tin, 412

Hematite, 111

Hemicycle (Hemicyclium), 137-138

Heraclion (see Lodestone).

Herdplei (see Hearth-Lead).

Hiero, King, 247; 247

High Peak (Derbyshire). Mining law, 84 Nomenclature in mines, 77 Saxon customs, connection with, 77; 85

Himmelisch Höz mine, 74; 92; 75

Hoe, 152

Holidays of Miners, 99

Horn Silver, 109

Horns of Deer, 230

Hornstone, 116; 114

Hungary. Cupellation, 483

Hüttenrauch (see Pompholyx).

Iglau, Charter of, 84

Incense in Cupellation Furnaces, 472

Indications of Ore, 106; 107; 116

Ingestores (see Shovellers).

India. Steel, 423 Zinc, 409

Intervenium, 51; 50

Investment in Mines, 26-29

Iron, 420; 354; 111 Cast, 420 Censure of, 11 Indications of, 116 Malleable, 420 Smelting, 420-426 Sulphur harmful to, 273

Iron Age, 420

Iron Filings (see also Iron-Scales), 221 Use in assaying, 234; 238; 246

Iron Ore. Assaying of, 247 Smelting of, 420-426

Iron-rust, 116; 474; 1; 111

Iron-scales, 221 Flux, 234 Use in smelting gold, 398 Use in smelting silver, 400 Use in making nitric acid, 440 Use in parting gold from copper, 464

Iron-slag, 221 As a flux, 234; 235

Ironstone, 390; 111

Italians. Alluvial mining in Germany, 334

Italy. Mining formerly forbidden, 8

Jade, 114

Japan. Steel, 423

Jasper, 111; 2

Jaspis, 114

Jet, 34

Jigging Sieve, 310; 267; 283

Joachimsthal, VI. First stamp-mill, 281 Mining shares and profits, 91; 92

Jüdenstein (see Lapis Judaicus).

Juices, 1; 47 Agricola's theory, 46; 52 From springs and streams, 33 Stone juice, 46; 49 Tastes of, 34

Juices, Solidified. Agricola's view of, 1; 49 Extraction of metals from, 350 Preparation of, 545

Julian Alps. Stamp-milling in, 319

Junctions (see Veins, Intersections of).

Jurati (see Jurors).

Jurors, 22; 92; 96; 78 In English mining custom, 85 Relations to Bergmeister, 95; 77

Justinian Code. Mines, 84

Kalchstein (see Limestone).

Kammschale, 127

Kaolinite (see Porcelain Clay).

Katzensilber (see Mica).

King. Deputy, 94 Right to a meer, 81

Kinstock (see Liquation Cakes, Exhausted).

Kis (see Pyrites).

Knockers (see Gnomes).

Kobelt (see Cobalt).

Kölergang Vein, 42

Königsberg. Fire-setting, 119

Kupferglas ertz (see Copper Glance).

Kupferschiefer (see Copper Schists).

Kuttenberg. Depths of shafts, 102

Labour Condition in Mining Title, 92; 83-85

Lacedaemonians (see Spartans).

Lachter (see Fathom).

Ladderways in Shafts, 124; 212

Ladle for Bullion, 382

Lapis aerarius (see Copper Ore).

Lapis alabandicus, 380

Lapis Judaicus, 115; 115

Lapis specularis (see Gypsum).

Laths (Lagging), 101

La Tolfa. Alum manufacture, 565 Discovery of, 570

Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (see Mt. Laurion, Mines of).

Lautental, Liquation at, 491

Law (see Mining Law).

Law-suits over Shares in Mines, 94

Lead, 354; 390; 110 Censure of, 11 Cupellation, 464-483 Melting prior to liquation, 500 In liquation cakes, 505-506; 505; 506 Refining silver, 483-490 Smelting of ores, 388-392; 400 Use in assaying, 232; 239; 242; 244; 249; 251 Washing in sluices, 347

Lead-ash, 237; 237; 221 As a flux, 234 Use in parting gold from copper, 463

Lead Bath, 381

Lead-glass, 236

Lead Granules, 239; 463; 221

Leading (in liquation), 304; 507; 513; 491; 492; 504 Components of the charge, 505-509

Lead Ochre, 232; 110; 221

Lead Ore. Assay methods, 245-246 Roasting, 275 Smelting in blast furnace, 390; 408

Lease, in Australian Title, 77

Leaves, Preparation of Bullion into, 444

Leberthal, 24

Lees of aqua which separates Gold from Silver, 234; 443; 221 As a flux, 234; 238

Lees of Vinegar (see also Argol), 221 As a flux, 234; 236; 243; 234

Lees of Wine (see Argol).

Lemnos, Island of, 31

Lemnian Earth, 31

Leprosy of House Walls (see Saltpetre).

Level (see also Drift), 101

Level, Plummet (see Plummet Level).

Limestone, 114; 221 As a flux, 236; 390

Limonite, 111

Limp, 267

Linares. Hannibal's mines near, 42

Lipari Islands. Alum from, 566

Liquated Silver-lead (see Stannum and Silver-lead).

Liquation, 519-521; 491; 519 Ash-coloured copper from, 529 Buildings for, 491 Furnace, 515-518; 492 Historical note on, 494 Losses, 491; 539 Nomenclature, 492

Liquation Cakes, 505-509; 492; 505; 506 Enrichment of the lead, 512; 512 Extraction of silver from, 512 From bye-products of liquation, 539-540 From copper bottoms, 512; 512 Proportion of lead in rich silver copper, 509

Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, 521-526; 406; 492; 520

Liquation Slags, 509; 492; 541 Furnaces for, 507 Treatment of, 541

Liquation Thorns, 522; 539; 492; 539; 540 From cupellation, 543; 543 From "drying" copper residues, 529

Litharge (see also Cupellation), 475; 232-238; 466; 476; 110; 222 Use in reducing silver nitrate, 447 Use in smelting, 379; 398; 400

Lithargyrum (see Litharge).

Lodestone, 115; 111; 115; 2 Compass, 57

Los Pozos de Anibal, 42

Lotores (see Washers).

Lusitania. Gold alluvial, 347 Sluices for gold washing, 325 Tin smelting, 419

Lute, 1 Preparation of for furnace linings, 375-376

Lydia. Mining law, 83 The King's mines, 27

Lye, 558; 221; 233 Use in making fluxes, 236 Use in parting, 463

Magister Metallicorum (see Bergmeister).

Magister Monetariorum (see Master of the Mint).

Magnes (see also Lodestone and Manganese), 585; 111; 115; 585

Magnet, 247 Garlic, 39

Magnetis (see Mica).

Magnetite, 111

Malachite, 109; 221

Maladies of Miners, 214-217

Maltha, 581

Manager (see Mine Manager).

Manganese, 586; 354

Mannsfeld Copper Slates, 126-127; 279; 127; 273

Map-making, 129

Marble, 115; 2; 114

Marcasite, 111; 112; 409

Marga (see Marl).

Marienberg, XXXI; VI.

Marl, 114

Marmelstein (see Marble).

Marmor (see Marble).

Marmor alabastrites (see Alabaster).

Marmor glarea, 114

Massicot (see also Lead Ochre), 110; 221; 232

Master of the Horse, 81

Master of the Mint, 95; 78

Matte (see Cakes of Melted Pyrites).

Matte Smelting, 404-407

Measure (unit of mining area), 78; 78

Measures, 616-617; 78; 550

Medicine. Knowledge necessary for miners, 3

Medulla saxorum (see Porcelain Clay).

Meer, 77-89 Boundary stones, 87 On vena cumulata, 87 On vena dilatata, 86

Meissen. Dumps from mines, 312

Melanteria, 117; 112; 573 Indication of copper, 116

Melanterite, 111

Melos, Island of, 566

Menning (see Red-lead).

Mergel (see Marl).

Metals, 2; 44; 51 Advantages and uses, 19; 20 Necessity to man, XXV; 12-13 Not responsible for evil passions, 15

Metreta, 153

Mexico. Patio process, 297

Mica, 114

Middle Ages, Mining Law of, 84

Mills for Grinding Ore, 294-299; 280

Mimes (see also Gnomes), 217

Mine Captain, 26; 77

Mine Manager, 97; 98; 77; 78

Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of, 1

Minerals, 594; 108; 48; 51 Compound, 2; 51 Mixed, 2; 51

Miners, 1-4; 25; 78 Duties and punishments, 100; 22 Law (see Mining Law). Litigation among, 21 Slaves as, 23

Mines. Abandonment of, 217 Conditions desirable, 30-33 Investments in, 26-29 Management of, 25; 26 Names of, 42

Mines Royal, Company of, 283

Mining (see also Sett, Lease, Claim, Meer, etc.). Criticisms of, 4-12 Harmless and honourable, 14; 20; 23 Methods of breaking ore, 117-118 Stoping, 125

Mining Clerk, 93; 95; 96; 78

Mining Companies (see Companies, Mining).

Mining Foreman, 98-99; 78 Frauds by, 21-22

Mining Law, 82-86 Boundary stones, 87 Drainage requirements, 92-93 England, 84-86 Europe, 84 Forfeiture of title, 92-93 France, 84 Greek and Roman, 83 Middle Ages, 84-85 Right of Overlord, Landowner, State and Miner, 82 Tunnels, 88-89

Mining Prefect, 26; 94; 78

Mining Rights (see Mining Law and Meer).

Mining Terms, Old English, 77; 101

Mining Tools, 149-153 Buckets for ore, 153-154 Buckets for water, 157 Trucks, 156 Wheelbarrows, 155

Minium, 111 Quicksilver from, 433 Red-lead, 232

Minium secundarium (see Red-lead).

Mispickel (Mistpuckel), 111

Misy (the mineral), 573; 111; 403 An indication of copper, 116 Use in parting gold and silver, 459

Mitlere und obere offenbrüche (see Furnace Accretions).

Modius, 617; 405

Moglitz. Tin working, 318

Moil, 150

Molybdaena, 110; 221; 476; 400; 408 Term for lead carbonates, 400; 408

Molybdenite, 477

Monetarius (see Coiners).

Money, Assaying of, 251-252

Morano Glass Factories, 592

Moravia. Cupellation, 483 Stamp-milling, 321 Washing gold ore, 324

Mordants, 569

Mortar-box, 279-280; 312; 319; 267

Mountains. Formation of, 595

Mt. Bermius. Gold Mines of, 26; 27

Mt. Laurion, Mines of, 27; 27-29; 391 Crushing and concentration of ores, 281 Cupellation, 465 Mining law, 83 Smelting appliances, 355 Xenophon on, 6

Mt. Sinai. Ancient copper smelting, 355; 402

Muffle Furnaces, 224-228; 239

Muffles, 227; 239; 222 Refining silver, 489-490

Mühlberg, Battle of, X.

Murrhina (see Chalcedony).

Muskets, 11

Mycenae. Copper, 402 Silver-lead smelting, 391

Names of Mines, 42

Naphtha, 581

Native Copper, 109

Native Iron, 111

Native Minerals, 107

Native Silver, 269; 109

Natron (see Nitrum).

Neolithic Furnaces, 355

Neusohl, Method of Screening Ore, 290

Newbottle Abbey, 35

Nitocris, Bridge of, 391

Nitric Acid (see also Aqua valens), 439-443; 460; 439; 354 Assay parting gold and silver, 248 Testing silver regulus with, 449 Use in cleaning gold dust, 396

Nitrum (see also Soda), 558; 110

Nomenclature, I; 267 Mining law, 77; 78 Mining officials, 77; 78

Norici, 388 Conveyance of ore, 169

Normans. Mining Law in England, 85

Notary, 94; 78

Nubia. Early gold-mining, 399

Nuremberg, Scale of Weights, 263

Obolus, 25

Ochra nativa, 111

Ochre Yellow, 111

Offenbrüche (see Furnace Accretions).

Olynthus. Betrayal to Philip of Macedon, 9

Operculum, 441; 222

Orbis, 141; 137

Ore (see various metals, Assaying, Mining, etc.).

Ore Channels (see Canales).

Ore Deposits, Theory of, XIII; 43-53

Ore Dressing, 267-351 Burning, 273 Hand spalling, 271-272 Sorting, 268-271

Orguia, 78; 78; 617

Orichalcum (see Aurichalcum).

Orpiment, 111; 1; 222 Colour of fumes, 235 Harmful to metals, 273 Indication of gold, etc., 116 Roasted from ore, 273 Use in assaying, 237

Outcrops, 68; 43

Ox-blood in Salt Making, 552

Pactolus, Gold Sands of, 27

Park's Process, 465

Parting Gold from Copper, 462-464

Parting Gold from Silver, 443-460; 458-463 Antimony sulphide, 451-452; 451-452; 461 Cementation, 453-457; 453-454; 458 Chlorine gas, 458; 462 Electrolysis, 458; 462 Nitric acid, 443-447; 443; 447; 460 Nitric acid (in assaying), 247-249 Sulphur and copper, 448-451; 448; 461 Sulphuric acid, 458; 462

Partitions, 493

Passau, Peace of, IX.

Passus, 616; 78

Patio Process, 297-298

Pattinson's Process, 465

Peak, The (see High Peak).

Pentremites, 115

Pergamum. Brazen ox of, 11 Mines near, 26; 27

Peripatetics, XII. Theory of ore deposits, 47; 44 View of wealth, 18

Persians. Ancient mining law, 83

Pes, 616; 78

Pestles, 231; 483

Petroleum, 581-582

Phalaris, Brazen Bull of, 11

Philosophy. Knowledge necessary for miners, 3

Phoenicians. Copper and bronze, 402 In Thasos, 24 Tin, 411-412

Picks, 152-153

Pickschiefer (see Ash-coloured Copper).

Placer Mining, 321-348

Pleigeel (see Lead Ochre).

Pleiweis (see White-lead).

Pleygang Vein, 42

Plumbago, 110

Plumbum candidum, 110; 3; 473

Plumbum cinereum, 111; 3

Plumbum nigrum lutei coloris, 110; 3

Plummet Level. Standing, 143; 137 Suspended, 145; 146; 137

Pockets in Alluvial Sluices, 322-330

Poisonous Fumes (see Fumes).

Poland. Cupellation, 483 Lead ore washing, 347 Lead smelting, 392

Poletae, Tablets of the, 83

Poling Copper, 531-538; 535-536

Pompeiopolis. Arsenic mine at, 111

Pompholyx, 394; 113-114; 403 From copper refinings, 538 From cupellation, 476 From dust-chambers, 394 From roasting ore, 278 Poisonous, 214; 215 Used for brass making, 410

Porcelain Clay, 115

Potash, 558-559; 558; 233; 220 In Sal artificiosus, 463

Pottery, Egyptian, 391

Potosi, 298

Pozos de Anibal, Los, 42

Pous, 617; 78

Praefectus cuniculi, 78

Praefectus fodinae (see Mine Manager).

Praefectus metallorum (see Mining Prefect).

Praeses cuniculi, 78

Praeses fodinae (see Mining Foreman).

Precious and Base Metals, 439

Primgap, 80

Procurator metallorum, 83

Prospecting, 35

Proustite, 108

Pumps, 171-200; 149 Chain, 171-175 Rag and chain, 188-200 Suction, 175-188

Purgator argenti (see Silver Refiner).

Purser, 77

Puteoli, 501

Pyrargyrite, 108

Pyriten argentum, 408

Pyrites (see also Cakes of Melted Pyrites), 51; 111; 112; 1 As a flux, 234 Assay for gold, 243 In tin concentrates, 348 Latin and German terms, 222 Roasting, 273-274 Roasting cakes of, 349-351 Smelting for gold and silver, 399; 401 Used in making vitriol, 578

Pyrites aerosus (see Copper Pyrites).

Pyrites aurei coloris (see Copper Pyrites).

Quartz (see also Stones which easily melt), 114 As a flux, 380 An indication of ore, 116 Material of glass, 380 Silver ore, 113 Smelting of, 401

Quarzum (see Quartz).

Quertze, 380

Quicksilver, 432; 2; 354; 110 Amalgamation of gilt objects, 461 Amalgamation of gold dust, 396 Amalgamation of gold ores, 297; 297 Assaying methods, 247 Ore, 426-432 Use in assaying gold ore, 243

Rag and Chain Pumps, 188-200

Rake Veins, 101

Rammelsberg. Collapse of mines, 216 Discovery, 37 Early vitriol making, 572

Rauchstein, 127

Realgar, 1; 111; 222 Colour of fumes, 235 Harmful to metals, 273 Indication of ore, 116 Roasted from ore, 273

Rederstein (see Trochitis).

Red-lead, 232; 110; 222 Use in parting gold from copper, 463 Use in parting gold from silver, 459

Refined Salt, 454; 463; 233

Refinery for Silver and Copper, 491-498

Refining Gold from Copper, 462-464

Refining Gold from Silver, 443-458

Refining-hearth, 492

Refining Silver, 483-490; 465; 484

Refining Silver from Lead, 464

Reformation, The, V; VIII.

Re-opening of Old Mines, 217

Revival of Learning. Agricola's position in, XIII.

Reward Lease, in Australian Law, 77

Rhaetia, 388

Rhaetian Alps. Stamp milling in, 319

Ring-fire, 448

Rio Tinto Mines. Roman methods of smelting, 405 Roman water-wheels, 149

Risks of Mining, 28-29

Rither (a horse), 101

Roasted Copper, 233; 233; 222

Roasting, 273-279; 267 Heap roasting, 274-275 In furnaces, 276 Mattes, 349-351 Prior to assaying, 231

Rocks, 119; 2

Rock-salt, 548; 222 Use in cementation, 454

Roman Alum, 565

Romans. Amalgamation, 297 Antimony, 428 Brass making, 410 Companies, 90 Copper smelting, 404-405 Mining law, 83 Minium Company, 232 Quicksilver, 433 Roasting, 267 Silver-lead smelting, 392 Washing of ore, 281

Rosette Copper, 538; 535

Rosgeel (see Realgar).

Ruby Copper, 109; 402

Ruby Silver, 51; 108 Assaying of, 244 Cupellation, 473

Rudis Ores, 108

Rust (see Iron-rust).

Sabines, 9

Saigerdörner (see Liquation Thorns).

Saigerwerk (see Stannum).

Salamander har (see Asbestos).

Salamis, Battle of, 27

Sal-ammoniac, 560; 560; 222 In cements for parting gold and silver, 454-457 In making aqua valens, 441 Uses in cupellation, 474 Uses in making aqua regia, 460 Uses in parting gold from copper, 463

Sal artificiosus, 236; 463; 236 In assaying, 242 As a flux, 234

Salt, 545; 556; 546; 233; 222 As a flux, 234-238 Pans, 545; 546 Solidified juice, 1 Use in cementation, 454; 454 Use in parting gold from copper, 463; 464 Use in smelting ores, 396; 400 Wells, 546-547

Salt made from Ashes of Musk Ivy, 560; 233

Sal torrefactus, 242; 222; 233

Sal tostus, 233; 233; 222

Saltpetre, 561-564; 561; 562; 222 As a flux, 233; 236-238; 245; 247 In smelting gold concentrates, 398 Uses in cementation, 454; 454 Uses in making nitric acid, 439; 440; 447; 454 Uses in melting silver nitrate, 447

Sampling Copper Bullion, 249

Sand, 117

Sandaraca (see Realgar).

Sandiver (see Glass-galls).

Sarda (see Carnelian).

Saxony. High Peak customs from, 77; 85 Political state in Agricola's time, VIII; IX. Reformation, IX.

Saxum calcis (see Limestone).

Scales of Fineness, 253; 617

Scapte-Hyle, Mines of, 23

Schemnitz. Age of mines, 5 Gunpowder for blasting, 119 Pumps, 194

Schist, 222

Schistos (see Ironstone).

Schlackenwald. Ore washing, 304

Schmalkalden League, IX.

Schmalkalden War, IX; X.

Schneeberg, XXXI; VI. Cobalt, 435 Depth of shafts, 102 Ore stamping, 281 Shares, 91 St. George mine, 91; 74; 75

Schwartz-atrament (see Melanteria and Sory).

Scorification Assay, 239

Scorifier, 228; 230; 222 Assays in, 238; 239

Screening Ore (see Sifting Ore).

Screens (see also Screening), 267 In stamp-mill, 315

Scriba fodinarum (see Mining Clerk).

Scriba magistri metallicorum (see Bergmeister's Clerk).

Scriba partium (see Share Clerk).

Scum of Lead from Cupellation, 475

Scythians. Wealth condemned, 9; 15

Seams in the Rocks, 72; 43; 47 Indications of ore, 67; 107

Sea-Water, Salt from, 545-546

Sesterce, 448

Sett, 77

Settling Pits, 316; 267

Shaft-houses, 102

Shafts, 102-107; 122-124 Surveys of, 129-135 Venae cumulatae, 128

Shakes, 101

Share Clerk, 97; 93; 78

Share in Mines (see Companies, Mining).

Shears for Cutting Native Silver, 269

Shift, 99; 92

Shoes (stamp), 285-286; 267

Shovellers, 153; 169; 78

Sideritis (see Lodestone).

Siegelstein (see Lodestone).

Sieves. For charcoal, 375 For crushed ore, 287-293; 341

Sifting Ore, 287-293

Signator publicus (see Notary).

Silberweis (see Mica).

Silex, 114; 118

Silver (see also Assaying, Liquation, Parting, Refining, etc.), 390; 354; 108 Amalgamation, 297; 300 Assaying, 248-251 Cupellation, 464-483; 241 "Drying" copper residues from liquation, 529 Enrichment in copper bottoms, 510; 510 Exhausted liquation cakes, 524 Indicated by bismuth, etc., 116 Liquation, 505-507; 506; 509; 512 Parting from gold (see Parting Gold and Silver). Parting from iron, 544; 544 Precipitation from solution in copper bowl, 444 Refining, 483-490; 465; 484 Smelting of ores, 381-382; 386; 388; 390; 400; 402 Use in clarification of nitric acid, 443; 443

Silver, Ruby (see Ruby Silver).

Silver Glance, 108 Assaying, 244 Cupellation, 473 Dressing, 269

Silver-Lead Alloy (see Stannum, etc.).

Silver Ores, 108; 108 Assaying, 242-244 Assaying cupriferous ores, 245 Fluxes required in assaying, 235 Smelting cupriferous ores, 404-407

Silver-Plating, 460

Silver Refiner, 95; 78

Silver Refining (see Refining).

Silver Veins, 117

Singing by Miners, 118

Sintering Concentrates, 401

Slags (see also Liquation Slags), 222 From blast furnace, 379; 381 From liquation, 491; 492; 523

Slaves as Miners, 23; 83 In Greek mines, 25; 25; 28

Slough (tunnel), 101

Sluices, 319; 322-348

Smallite, 113

Smalt, 112

Smega, 404

Smelters, 78

Smelting (see also various metals), 379-390; 353-355 Assaying compared, 220 Building for, 355-361 Objects of, 353

Smirgel (see Emery).

Smiris (see Emery).

Smyrna. Mines near, 27

Snake-Bites, 31

Soda (see also Nitrum), 558; 559; 233; 222 As a flux, 233; 234 Historical notes, 558; 354 Solidified juice, 1

Sole, 101

Solidified Juices (see Juices, Solidified).

Solifuga, 216; 216

Sorters, 78

Sorting Ore, 268-271

Sory, 112; 403; 573

Sows, 376; 386; 376

Spain (see also Lusitania). Ancient silver-lead mines, 149; 392 Ancient silver mines of Carthage, 27 Ancient tin mines, 411-412

Spalling Ore, 271-272

Spangen (see Trochitis).

Spanschgrün (see Verdigris).

Spartans. Gold and silver forbidden, 9; 15 Interference with Athenian mines, 27

Spat (see Heavy Spar).

Spelter, 409

Sphalerite, 113

Spiauter, 409

Spiesglas (see Stibium).

Spines of Fishes for Cupels, 230

Spodos, 538; 394; 113; 114

Spuma argenti (see Litharge).

Staffordshire. First pumping engine, 149

Stalagmites, 114

Stall Roasting, 350-351

Stamp, 267 For breaking copper cakes, 501-503 For crushing crucible lining, 373-375

Stamping Refined Silver, 489

Stamp-mill, 279-287; 281-282; 267 Wet ore, 312-314; 319-321

Standing Plummet Level (see Plummet Level).

Stannaries, 85

Stannum, 473; 2; 384; 492

Steel, 423-426; 422-423; 354

Steiger, 77

Steinmarck (see Porcelain Clay).

Stemple (stull), 101

Stephanite, 109

Sternen Mine, 92; 75

Steward (of High Peak mines), 77

St. George Mine (Schneeberg), 91; 74; 75

Stibium (see also Antimony and Antimony Sulphide), 110; 428; 2; 221 Flux to be added to, 235 In assaying, 237-239 In cementation, 458-460 Indication of silver, 116 In making nitric acid, 440 In parting gold and silver, 451-452; 459 In parting gold from copper, 464 In treatment of gold concentrates, 396; 397

Stibnite, 428; 451

St. Lorentz Mine, 74; 92

Stockwerke (see Vena cumulata).

Stoics. Views on wealth, 18

Stomoma, 423

Stone Juice, 46; 49

Stones. Agricola's view of, 2; 46; 49 Various orders of fusibility, 380

"Stones which Easily Melt" (see also Quartz), 380; 222 As a flux, 233; 236; 233 In making nitric acid, 440 In smelting, 379; 380; 390 Smelting of, 401

Stool (of a drift), 101

Stope, 126

Stoping, 125 Venae cumulatae, 128 Venae dilatatae, 126; 127

Strake, 303-310; 267; 282 Canvas, 307-310; 314; 316; 267 Egyptians, 280 Greeks, 281 Short, 306-307; 267 Washing tin concentrates, 341-343

Strata, 126

Streaming, 316-318

Stringers, 70; 43; 47; 70 Indication of ore, 106 Mining method, 128

Styria, 388

Subterranean Heat, 46; 595

Suction Pumps, 175-188

Sulphides, 267; 355

Sulphur, 578-581; 579; 222 Colour of fumes, 235 Harmful to metals, 273 In assaying, 235-238 In parting gold from copper, 463; 462 In parting gold from silver, 448-451; 448; 461 In smelting gold dust, 396 Roasted from ores, 273; 276 Solidified juice, 1

Sulphur "not exposed to the fire," 458; 463; 579

Surveyor's Field, 137; 144; 142

Surveying, 128-148; 129 Necessary for miners, 4 Rod, 137-138

Suspended Plummet Level (see Plummet Level).

Swiss Compass, 145; 137

Swiss Surveyors, 145

Symposium, 91

Tap-hole, 378; 386

Tappets, 282; 319; 267

Tapping-bar, 381

Tarshish, Tin Trade, 412

Tartar (Cream of), 220; 234

Tectum (Hangingwall), 101

Terra sigillata (see Lemnian Earth).

"Tests", refining silver in, 483-490; 465; 484

Thaler, 92

Thasos, Mines of, 23; 95; 23

Theamedes, 115

Theodosian Code. Mines, 84

Thorns (see Liquation Thorns).

Thuringia. Roasting pyrites, 276 Sluices of gold washing, 327

Tigna (Wall plate), 101

Timbering. Of ladderways and shafts, 122; 123; 124 Of stopes, 126 Of tunnels and drifts, 124-125

Tin, 411-413; 354; 110 Alluvial mining, 336-340 Assaying ore, 246 Assaying for silver, 251 Colour of fumes, 235 Concentrates, 340-342; 348-349 Cornish treatment, 282 Refining, 418-419 Smelting, 411-420 Stamp-milling, 312-317 Streaming, 316-318 Washing, 298; 302; 304

Tincar or Tincal (see Borax).

Tithe Gatherer, 81; 95; 98; 78

Tithe on Metals, 81; 82

Toden Kopff, 235

Tofstein (see Tophus).

Tolfa, La (see La Tolfa).

Tools, 149-153

Topfstein (see Tophus).

Tophus, 233; 114; 222 As a flux, 233; 237; 390

Tortures. With metals, 11 Without metals, 17

Touch-needles, 253-260; 253

Touchstone, 252-253; 252; 354; 458; 222 Mineral, 114 Uses, 243; 248; 447

Trade-routes. Salt-deposits influence on, 546

Transport of Ore, 168-169

Trent, Bishop of. Charter (1185), 84

Triangles in Surveying, 129-137

Tripoli, 115

Trochitis, 115; 115

Trolley, 480; 500; 514

Troy. Lead found in, 391

Troy Weights, 616; 617; 242

Trucks, 156

Tunnels, 102; 101 Law, 88-93 Surveys of, 130-141 Timbering, 124

Turin Papyrus, 129; 399

Turn (winze), 101

Tuteneque, 409

Tuttanego, 409

Tutty, 394

Twitches of the Vein, 101

Twyer, 376

Tye, 267

Type. Stibium used for, 2; 429

Tyrants. Inimical to miners, 32

Tyrolese. Smelting, 388; 404

Ulcers, 214; 31

Uncia (length), 78; 616; 78

Uncia (weight), 616; 242

Undercurrents (see Sluices).

United States. Apex law, 82

Vectiarii (see Windlass Men).

Veins, 43; 64-69; 106-107; 47 Barren, 72; 107 Direction of, 54-58 Drusy, 72; 73; 107 Hardness variable, 117 Indications, 35-38 Intersections of, 65; 66; 67; 106; 107

Vena. Use of term, 43; 47

Vena cumulata, 46; 49; 70; 43; 47 Mining method, 128 Mining rights, 87

Vena dilatata, 41; 45; 53; 60-61; 43; 47 Junctions with vena profunda, 67; 68 Mining method, 126-127 Mining rights, 83-86 Washing lead ore from, 347

Vena profunda, 44; 51; 60; 62; 63; 68; 69; 43; 47 Cross veins, 65 Functions, 65; 66; 67; 68 Mining rights, 79-83

Venetian Glass, 222 Factories, 592 In assaying, 238; 245; 246 In cupellation, 474

Venice. Glass-factories, 592 Parting with nitric acid, 461 Scale of weights, 263

Ventilation, 200-212; 121 With bellows, 207-210 With fans, 203-207 With linen cloths, 210 With windsails, 200-203

Verdigris, 440; 1; 110; 222 In cementation, 454; 457 Indication of ore, 116 In making nitric acid, 440 In parting gold from copper, 464

Vermilion. Adulteration with red-lead, 232 Poisonous, 215

Villacense Lead, 239; 239

Vinegar. Use in breaking rocks, 119; 118 Use in cleansing quicksilver, 426 Use in roasting matte, 349 Use in softening ore, 231

Virgula divina (see Divining Rod).

Vitriol, 571; 572; 403; 222; 1 In assaying, 237-238 In cementation, 454; 454 Indication of copper, 116 In making nitric acid, 439-440 In roasted ores, 350 In sal artificiosus, 463 Native, 111 Native blue, 109 Native white, 113 Red, 274 White, 454

Volcanic Eruptions, 595

Washers, 78

Washing Ore (see also Concentration, Screening Ore, etc.), 300-310

Water-Bags, 157-159; 198

Water-Buckets, 157-158

Water-Wheels, 187; 283; 286; 319

Water-Tank, under Blast Furnaces, 356-357

Wealth, 7-20

Wedges, 150

Weights, 260-264; 616-617; 242; 253

Weisser Kis, 111

Werckschuh, 617; 78

Westphalia. Smelting lead ore, 391 Spalling ore, 272

Wheelbarrows, 154

Whims, 164-167

White-Lead, 440; 354; 110; 232

White Schist, 234; 390; 234; 222

Winding Appliances (see Hauling Appliances).

Windlasses, 160; 171; 149

Windlass Men, 160; 78

Winds. Greek and Roman names, 58 Sailors' names, 59; 60

Winds (winze), 101

Windsails, 200-203

Winzes, 102

Wittenberg, Capitulation of, IX.

Wizards. Divining rods, 40

Workmen, 98; 100

Woughs, 101

Zaffre, 112

Zeitz, XI.

Zinc (see also Cadmia and Cobalt). Historical notes, 408-410; 354 Minerals, 112-113

Zinck (see Zinc).

Zinc Oxides, 113; 354

Zinc Sulphate (see Vitriol).

Zincum (see Zinc).

Zoll, 617; 78

Zwickau, VI.

Zwitter, 110