Front matter (continued 6)

621. Northern Shrike (Lanius borealis). L. 10.2. Lores grayish. Ads. Above bluish gray; tail black, outer feathers tipped with white; below white, usually with wavy bars. Yng. Above washed with brown; below more distinctly and more heavily barred Notes. Song, not unlike that of the Brown Thrasher but more disconnected, less loud. Range.—North America; breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south, irregularly, to Virginia, Kansas, Arizona, and California. 622. Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). 9. Lores black. Ads. Underparts white without bars; above bluish gray; rump and upper tail-coverts little if any paler; tail black, outer feathers tipped with white. Yng. Underparts, head, and rump more or less narrowly barred. Notes. Call, harsh and discordant; song, a series of guttural gurgles, squeaky whistles. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds from Florida to Virginia; In Mississippi Valley, northeast to western Pennsylvania, central and northern New York, Massachusetts, western New Hampshire, Maine, and British Columbia; migrates down Atlantic States, as well as Mississippi Valley, and winters in southern States. 622a. White-rumped Shrike (L. l. excubitorides). Similar to No. 622, but paler above, rump and upper tail-coverts whiter; bill less deep. Range.—"Western North America, from eastern border of the Plains to the Pacific, except coast of California, and from Manitoba and the Plains of the Saskatchewan south over tablelands of Mexico." 622b. California Shrike (L. l. gambeli). Similar to No. 622, but rump paler, breast usually with indistinct wavy bars and tinged with brownish. Range.—Pacific coast, from Lower California to British Columbia. 622c. Island Shrike (L. l. anthonyi). Similar to No. 622b, but darker and smaller, W. 3.7. Range.—Santa Barbara Islands, California. 703. Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). L. 10.5. Ads. Above ashy gray; below soiled whitish; outer tail-feathers with white; wing-coverts narrowly tipped with white; primaries white basally. Notes. Call, a harsh, kissing note; song indescribable. Range.—Southeastern United States and Bahamas, west to northeastern Texas; breeds north to southern New Jersey (rarely Massachusetts), and southern Illinois; winters from Virginia and lower Mississippi Valley southward. 703a. Western Mockingbird (M. p. leucopterus). Similar to No. 703, but with a very slight brownish tinge below and white areas in wing averaging larger. Range.—Southwestern United States and northern Mexico from Indian Territory and eastern Texas west to California. 765. Wheatear (Saxicola œnanthe). L. 6; W. 3.7. Ad. ♂. Back gray, upper tail-coverts and base of tail white; below white more or less washed with buff. Ad. ♀. Browner above and below, no black through eye. Ads. in winter and Yng. Similar to ♀, but cinnamon brown above, cinnamon below. Range.—Asia; migrating in summer to Alaska. 765a. Greenland Wheatear (S. œ. leucorhoa). Similar to No. 765, but larger, W. 4. Range.—Western Europe; breeds in Greenland and on adjoining mainland; rarely south to St. Lawrence; casually to Louisiana.

573. Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata). L. 5.3. Ads. Throat, upper breast, and front of face black; a white stripe over eye and another at the side of the throat; above grayish brown unstreaked; outer web of outer tail-feather white, except at tip; at least half an inch of tip of inner web white. Notes. Song, simple but sweet, three ascending and three descending notes. Range.—Middle and eastern Texas (except along coast?), north to Oklahoma and western Kansas; winters from central Texas south into northeastern Mexico. 573a. Desert Sparrow (A. b. deserticola). Similar to No. 573, but above grayer, the white tip to outer tail-feather less than half an inch long. Range.—Western United States and northern Mexico, from western Texas to southeastern California; breeds north to southern Colorado, and western Nevada; winters south into Mexico. 602. Morellet Seed-eater (Sporophila morelleti). L. 4.6. Ad. ♂. Entire upperparts, cheeks, tail, wings and breast-band black; bases of wing-feathers, tips to coverts and underparts, except breast-band, whitish. Ad. ♀. Above grayish brown, below uniform buffy. Yng. ♂. Variously intermediate between Ad. ♂ and Ad. ♀. At least two years evidently required to reach mature plumage. Range.—Eastern Mexico, north to southeastern Texas. 636. Black and White Warbler (Mniotilta varia). L. 5.3. Ad. ♂. Above streaked black and white; throat black or white; belly white; sides streaked black and white. Ad. ♀. Less black; whiter below; throat always white. Notes. Song, a thin, wiry, see-see-see-see. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Virginia, Louisiana, and northern Texas, north to Hudson Bay region; winters from Gulf States south to northern South America; accidental in California. 661. Black-poll Warbler (Dendroica striata). L. 5.6. Ad. ♂. Crown black, cheeks white; back streaked, gray and black; below white streaked with black; wing-bars and tail-spots white. Ad. ♀. No black cap; above olive-green streaked with black. Yng. and Ad. in winter. Above olive-green lightly streaked with black; below yellowish white; breast obscurely streaked. Notes. Song, a slender, wiry tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree-tree, rapidly uttered. (Langille.) Range.—Eastern North America, west to the Rockies; breeds from northern New England, northern New York, northern Michigan, and Colorado, north to Labrador and Alaska; winters in West Indies and northern South America. 665. Black-throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens). L. 5. Ad. ♂. Crown, cheeks and throat black, a white stripe at sides of throat, a yellow line before eye; back gray streaked with black; wing-bars and tail-patches white. Ad. ♀. Similar, but crown not always wholly black. Yng. Above washed with brownish, black areas tipped with white. Notes. Song, zee-ee-zee-ee, ze, ze, ze, with the quality of the song of Dendroica virens or D. cærulescens. Range.—Western United States; breeds in mountains from Arizona and northern Lower California, north to Colorado and Vancouver Island; winters in Mexico.

611. Purple Martin (Progne subis). L. 7.8. Ad. ♂. Shining blue-black, all feathers with dusky bases. Ad. ♀. Above dull blue-black; breast grayish edged with white; belly whitish. Yng. ♂. Variously intermediate between ♀ and Ad. ♂. Range.—North America, except Pacific coast; breeds north to Newfoundland and the Saskatchewan; winters in tropics. 611a. Western Martin (P. s. hesperia). ♂ similar to ♂ of No. 611; ♀ belly whiter; forehead grayish. Range.—Pacific coast from northern Lower California to Washington (and British Columbia?); winters in tropics. 611.1. Cuban Martin (Progne cryptoleuca). W. 5.50. Ad. ♂. With feathers of ventral region basally marked with white. Ad. ♀ and Yng. ♂. With breast and flanks sooty grayish brown, belly pure white. Range.—Cuba, north in spring to southern Florida. 612. Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons). L. 5.5. Ads. Throat chestnut, forehead and rump cinnamon-buff; nape gray; crown and back glossy blue-black, the back streaked with white. Yng. Throat dusky, often mixed with chestnut; back blackish brown; rump cinnamon-buff, forehead usually with same. Range.—"North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding south to the valleys of the Potomac and Ohio, southern Texas, southern Arizona, and California; Central and South America in winter; not recorded from Florida or West Indies." (A. O. U.) 612.2. Mexican Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon melanogastra). Similar to No. 612, but smaller, W. 4.1, forehead deeper, usually chestnut, like throat, rump darker, more rusty. Range.—Mexico, north to southern Arizona. 613. Barn Swallow (Hirundo erythrogastra). L. ♂, 7.5; ♀, 6.5. Tail deeply forked. Ad. ♂. Above glossy blue-black, forehead chestnut; throat and upper breast chestnut, belly paler. Ad. ♀. Forehead, and underparts paler; tail less deeply forked. Notes. Song, a sweet, twittering, warbling song. (The notes of all our Swallows, while simple, are diagnostic but difficult of description.) Range.—North America, north to Greenland and Alaska; breeds through most of range; winters south to southern Brazil. 614. Tree Swallow (Iridoprocne bicolor). L. 6. Ads. Above steel-blue or steel-green; below white. Yng. Sooty gray above; white below. Range.—North America; breeds locally from Lat. 41° on Atlantic coast and Lat. 38° on Pacific coast north to Labrador and Alaska; winters from South Carolina and southern California to the tropics. 615. Northern Violet-Green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina lepida). L. 5.2; W. 4.5. Ad. ♂. Above bronze-green; upper tail-coverts greener; an indistinct nape-ring; mark above eye, cheeks and underparts white; flank-patches white, often showing from above. Ad. ♀. Much duller, the head browner, Yng. Above brownish sooty with a greenish tinge; a whitish mark above and behind eye; below white. Range.—Western United States, from eastern base of Rockies to Pacific; breeds from Mexico north to British Columbia; winters in Mexico and Central America.

615a. St. Lucas Swallow (T. t. brachyptera). Similar to No. 615, but wing shorter, ♂, 4.1, ♀, 4. (Brewster.) Range.—Lower California. 458. Black Phœbe (Sayornis nigricans). L. 7.2. Ads. Breast and head black, back grayer; outer web of outer tail-feather white; belly black, under tail-coverts white streaked with dusky. Notes. A liquid hip, a rising kee-ree, and a falling kee-wray. (Bailey.) Range.—Mexico, except Yucatan and Pacific coast from Colima northward, north into Texas, New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. 458a. Western Black Phœbe (S. n. semiatra). Similar to No. 458, but under tail-coverts white without dusky streaks. Range—Pacific coast of Mexico and United States, from Colima to Oregon, including most of Arizona. (Nelson.) 494. Bobolink; Reed bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Ad. ♂, summer. Black; nape buffy, lower back, scapulars and upper tail-coverts white. Ad. ♀. Above yellowish brown streaked with buff, and black. below yellowish white, sides streaked with black. Winter plumage, Ads and Yng. Like ♀ but yellower. Notes. Song, an irrepressible bubbling outburst of "mad music" often given on the wing; calls, a blackbird-like chuck and a metallic, far carrying, chink. Range.—Eastern North America, west to Utah; breeds from northern New Jersey, Illinois and Kansas, north to Nova Scotia, Manitoba, and Montana; migrates south through Florida and West Indies, and winters south of Amazon. 534. Snowflake (Passerina nivalis). L. 6.9. Hind toe-nail twice as long as shortest toe-nail. Ad. ♂, summer. Head, rump, secondaries, outer tail-feathers and below white; rest of plumage largely black. Ad. ♀, summer. Similar, but crown blackish, back edged with rusty or grayish. Winter. Above rusty and black, below white, breast tinged with rusty. Notes. Calls, a clearly piped whistle, and a peculiar chirr, often uttered when taking wing; song, short, simple, but rather sweet. (Minot.) Range.—Breeds in northern parts of northern hemisphere; in winter south to northern states; irregularly to Georgia, southern Indiana, Kansas, Colorado, and eastern Oregon. 534a. Pribilof Snowflake (P. n. townsendi). Similar to No. 534, but larger, with relatively longer bill; ♂, W. 4.7; B. .5. (Ridgw.). Range.—Aleutian and Commander Islands, Pribilof Islands, Shumagin Islands. (Ridgw.). 535. McKay Snowflake (Passerina hyperborea). L. 7.5; W. 4.6; B .4. Similar to No. 534, but with more white. Ad. ♂, summer. Back and scapulars entirely white. Ad. ♀, summer. Crown and hindneck white. Yng. Not certainly distinguishable from Yng. of No. 534. (Ridgw.) Range.—Breeds on Hall and St. Mathews Islands, Bering Sea; in winter west coast of Alaska.

605. Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys). L. 7.2. Ad. ♂. Black, patch in wing white, outer tail-feathers tipped, tertials margined with white. Ad. ♀. Above grayish brown streaked with blackish; below white conspicuously streaked with black; all but central tail-feathers with white tips; broad wing-bars buff. Yng. ♂. Variously intermediate between Ad. ♂ and ♀. (See page 251). Range.—Western United States, chiefly east of Rockies; breeds from western Kansas and eastern Colorado, north to western Minnesota and Assiniboia; winters in Mexico; irregular west in migrations to Idaho and southern California. 484. Canada Jay; Whiskey Jack (Perisoreus canadensis). L. 11.5. Ads. Black of hindhead reaching to back of eye; back, wings, and tail gray, belly lighter, throat white; forehead buffy white. Notes. ca-ca-ca and a number of peculiar sounds impossible to reproduce on paper. (Bendire.) Range.—Eastern North America; Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, northern New England, northern New York, northern Michigan; northern Minnesota, north to Newfoundland and Hudson Bay region, west to the Rockies in Alberta. 484a. Rocky Mountain Jay (P. c. capitalis). Similar to No. 484, but head white, black of hindhead grayer and not reaching to eye. Range.—Rocky Mountain region from New Mexico and Arizona north to Montana and Idaho. 484b. Alaskan Jay (P. c. fumifrons). Very near to No. 484, but forehead averaging more yellowish. Range.—Alaska; interior and west to Cook Inlet, north of southern coast region. 484c. Labrador Jay (P. c. nigricapillus). Similar to No. 484, but black of hindhead deeper and reaching forward as a well defined ring around the eye; below browner. Range.—Labrador. 485. Oregon Jay (Perisoreus obscurus). Similar to No. 484, but back feathers with light shaft streaks, forehead less white, underparts nearly uniform white. Range.—Pacific coast from northern California to southern British Columbia. 485a. Gray Jay (P. o. griseus). Similar to No. 485, but larger and grayer; back, etc., deep mouse gray, instead of brown; below grayish white instead of brownish white. (Ridgw.) Range.—British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California, east of Coast and Cascade Ranges. (Ridgw.) 491. Clarke Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana). L. 12. Ads. Gray; wings and middle tail-feathers black, tips of secondaries and outer tail-feathers white. Notes. A loud, harsh, car-r-car-r. Range.—Mountains of western North America, from northern Lower California, Arizona and New Mexico, north to northern Alaska: casually east to Mississippi Valley.

475. American Magpie (Pica pica hudsonia). L. 20. Ads. Bill black; scapulars, belly and most of inner margins of primaries white; wings glossy blue black, tail externally greenish; back and breast velvety black. Notes. Cack, cack, also garrulous gabble intermixed with whistling notes. (Bendire.) Range.—Western North America, east to the Plains, west to Cascade and Sierra Ranges; breeds from northern New Mexico and northern Arizona north to Alaska strays farther east in winter. 476. Yellow-billed Magpie (Pica nuttalli). Similar to No. 475, but bill and eye-space yellow; smaller, L. 18. Notes. A harsh, rasping, cac-cac-cac; and a low, rich whistle, audible only at a short distance. Range.—California, west of Sierra Nevada, "north to Red Bluff and south to Santa Paula." (Grinnell.) 493. Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). L. 8.5; T. 2.5. Ad. summer, Metallic green and purple spotted above with buffy; bill yellow. Ad. winter. Similar, but above heavily spotted with brownish buff; below heavily spotted with white; bill blackish. Notes. A long-drawn, two-noted whistle, the second lower; and a chattering, metallic call when in flocks. Range.—Europe and northern Asia; accidental in Greenland; introduced into New York City in 1890; now common, extending east to New Haven, Connecticut, north to Ossining, New York, south to Staten Island and Plainfield, New Jersey. 495. Cowbird (Molothrus ater). L. 7.9; W. 4.2. Ad. ♂. Head and neck coffee-brown, body greenish black. Ad. ♀. Brownish gray, throat lighter. Yng. Like ♀. Notes. A metallic twitter, and by the male, a long-drawn, glassy kluck-tse-e-e; and watery gurgling notes uttered with spread wings and tail. Range.—United States: rare west of Rockies; breeds from Florida and Texas north to New Brunswick and Little Slave Lake; west to eastern Oregon, Nevada, and southeastern California; winters from southern New Jersey, southern Illinois, Indian Territory, northern Texas, and southeastern California, southward. 495a. Dwarf Cowbird (M. a. obscurus). Similar to No. 495, but smaller, L. 7.5; W. 4. Range.—Southwestern United States; from Gulf Coast of Texas west along Mexican boundary to Arizona and Lower California; winters south of United States. 496. Red-eyed Cowbird (Callothrus robustus). L. 9. Ad. ♂. Velvety bronze-black; wings and tail shining blue-black. Ad. ♀. Dull black, wings and tail with slight greenish reflections. Range.—Southern and eastern Mexico north, in spring, to Lower Rio Grande, Texas. 620. Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens). L. 7.5. Crested. Ad. ♂. Shining black; inner vanes of primaries largely white, showing in flight. Ad. ♀. Dark gray, tail blacker, wing-coverts and quills narrowly margined with whitish. Yng. Like ♀. Notes. Calls, commonest, like call of young Robin; male has also a scold, a Meadowlark-like note and a harsh ca-rack or ca-racack; song, a jumble of flute-like tones and weak, squeaky notes. (Bailey.) Range.—Mexico north to western Texas, southern Utah and southern California; winters from Mexican border southward.

509. Rusty Blackbird (Scolecophagus carolinus). L. 9.5. Ad. ♂. Nearly uniform greenish black, sometimes with rusty edgings. Ad. ♀. Slaty gray, generally with some rusty edgings. Winter plumage of both sexes similar to summer but widely tipped with rusty above and yellowish rusty below. Notes. More musical than those of other Blackbirds; calls, tcback or turalee repeated several times. (Bendire.) Range.—Eastern North America west to the Plains; breeds from New Brunswick, northern New England, northern New York, and Manitoba, north to Labrador and Alaska; winters from Virginia, southern Illinois, and Kansas, southward. 510. Brewer Blackbird (Scolecophagus cyanocephalus). L. 10. Ad. ♂. Whole head violet-purple, rest of plumage bright greenish black. Ad. ♀. Grayish brown, throat paler, wings and tail greenish black, no rusty. Winter plumage with light grayish brown edgings to the feathers of the anterior part of the body. Notes. Chack and a loud, shrill whistle. (Bailey.) Range.—Western North America from the Plains to the Pacific; breeds from Texas and northern Lower California north to the Saskatchewan and British Columbia; winters in the southern parts of its range; casually east to Mississippi River states. 511. Purple Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). L. ♂, 12. Ad. ♂. Head, purple, steel-green or steel-blue; back purple, brassy green or greenish; the feathers always with iridescent bars. Notes. Tchak and a short unmusical call uttered with spread wings and tail. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds in lower Mississippi Valley and east of Alleghanies, from Georgia to Massachusetts; winters from Virginia southward through its breeding range. 511a. Florida Grackle (Q. q. aglæus). Similar to 511, but slightly smaller, head always violet purple; back always bottle-green, with iridescent bars. Range.—Florida, north on the Atlantic coast to Virginia, west on the Gulf Coast to Texas. 511b. Bronzed Grackle (Q. q. æneus). Head as in No. 511, back and belly bronze, the feathers wholly without iridescent bars. Range.—Eastern United States west to the Rockies; breeds from southern Texas to Great Slave Lake, east to Alleghanies, and, in New York, east and northeast to Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Labrador; winters chiefly in lower Mississippi valley; migrates in part east of the Alleghanies. 513. Boat-tailed Grackle (Megaquiscalus major). L. ♂, 16; W. 7.5; T. 7. Ad. ♂. Head and neck glossy purple; back and belly glossy greenish blue. Ad. ♀. Much smaller, T. 5.2; above blackish brown; below soiled rusty buff. Notes. Tchack, a variety of hoarse, rather forced whistles and a gurgling roll as of a Coot pattering over the water. Range.—Florida, north along the coast to Virginia; west along coast to Texas. 513a. Great-tailed Grackle (M. m. macrourus). Similar to No. 513, but larger, ♂, L. 18; T. 9. Foreback and breast, as well as head and neck, purple, only rump and lower belly greenish blue; ♀ blacker both above and below than ♂ of 513. Notes. Tchack, and a greater variety of squeaky calls and hoarse whistles than are uttered by No. 513. Range.—Eastern Texas and south into Mexico.

486. American Raven (Corvus corax sinuatus). L. 24; W. 16; B. 2.7. Ads. Resembling No. 488, in color but glossier below and with the feathers of throat narrow and lengthened; nape feathers gray at base. Notes. A hoarse, croaking, craack-craack, sometimes a deep, grunting koeer-koeer; a clucking, and a metallic klunk. (Bendire.) Range.—Western North America, from Guatemala north to British Columbia; east to the Rockies, west to Pacific. 486a. Northern Raven (C. c. principalis). Similar to No. 486, but larger, L. 25; W. 17; B. 3. Range.—Eastern North America, from mountains of northern Georgia and coast of Maine, north to Greenland; west to the Rocky Mountains. 487. White-necked Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus). L. 18.5. Ads. Blue-black; feathers of throat narrow and lengthened and with feathers of neck all around, white at the base. Notes. Kwank-kwank, less loud and penetrating than those of No. 486. (Bendire.) Range.—Northern Mexico, north to western Kansas, eastern Colorado (rarely), and southern California; east to western Texas. 488. American Crow (Corvus americanus). L. 19.3; W. 12.1; B. 2.00. Black with steel-blue or deep, purplish reflections; below duller, neck feathers not lengthened. Notes. Caw, caw, with many variations; song, car-r-r-uck, oo-oo-oo-oo-ah. Range.—North America, north to Arctic Circle; winters from northern United States southward; local in west. 488a. Florida Crow (C. a. pascuus). Similar to No. 488, but wings and tail somewhat shorter, bill and feet slightly larger, W. 12; T. 7.3; B. 2.1. Range.—Florida. 489. Northwest Crow (Corvus caurinus). Similar to No. 488 in color but smaller; L. 16; W. 11; B. 1.7. Range.—Northwest coast, from Oregon to Kadiak Island, Alaska. 490. Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus). L. 16; W. 11; B. 1.5. Ads. Resemble No. 488, in color, but back feathers are uniform blue-black without dull margins; underparts are nearly as bright as upperparts. Notes. A hoarse, nasal, reedy car resembling the call of the young of No. 488. Range.—Atlantic coast north to Connecticut, (casually Massachusetts), west along Gulf coast to Louisiana; resident, except at northern limit of range.

SYSTEMATIC TABLE

Of the Birds of America north of Mexico, arranged according

to the American Ornithologists' Union's 'Check-List

of North American Birds', Third Edition

1910, and Supplement [B], July, 1912.

(The presence of brackets, [ ], indicates that the species is an accidental visitant).

Order PYGOPODES. Diving Birds

Family COLYMBIDÆ. Grebes.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

1 Western Grebe Æchmophorus occidentalis 44

2 Holbœll's Grebe Colymbus holbœlli 43

3 Horned Grebe " auritus 43

4 Eared Grebe " nigricollis californicus 43

5 Mexican Grebe " dominicus brachypterus 43

6 Pied-bill Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 43

Family GAVIIDÆ. Loons.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

7 Loon Gavia immer 44

8 Yellow-billed Loon " adamsi 44

9 Black-throated Loon " arctica 44

10 Pacific Loon " pacifica 44

11 Red-throated Loon " stellata 44

Family ALCIDÆ. Auks, Murres, and Puffins.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

12 Tufted Puffin Lunda cirrhata 45

13 Puffin Fratercula arctica arctica [C] 45

13a Large-billed Puffin " " naumanni 45

14 Horned Puffin " corniculata 45

15 Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata 45

16 Cassin's Auklet[D] Ptychoramphus aleuticus 46

17 Paroquet Auklet Phaleris psittacula 47

18 Crested Auklet Æthia cristatella 47

19 Whiskered Auklet " pygmæa 47

20 Least Auklet " pusilla 47

21 Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus 47

23 Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus 46

24 Kittlitz's Murrelet " brevirostris 46

25 Xantus's Murrelet " hypoleucus 46

26 Craveri's Murrelet " craverii 46

27 Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle 48

28 Mandt's Guillemot " mandti 48

29 Pigeon Guillemot " columba 48

30 Murre Uria troile troile 48

30a California Murre " " californica 48

31 Brunnich's Murre " lomvia lomvia 48

31a Pallas's Murre " " arra 48

32 Razor-billed Auk Alca torda 48

33 Great Auk Plautus impennis 48

34 Dovekie Alle alle 46

Order LONGIPENNES. Long Winged Swimmers

Family STERCORARIIDÆ. Skuas and Jaegers

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

35 Skua Megalestris skua 51

36 Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus 51

37 Parasitic Jaeger " parasiticus 51

38 Long-tailed Jaeger " longicaudus 51

Family LARIDÆ. Gulls and Terns

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

39 Ivory Gull Pagophila alba 52

40 Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla tridactyla 52

40a Pacific Kittiwake " " pollicaris 52

41 Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris 52

42 Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus 53

43 Iceland Gull " leucopterus 53

44 Glaucous-winged Gull " glaucescens 53

45 Kumlien's Gull " kumlieni 53

46 Nelson's Gull " nelsoni 53

47 Great Black-backed Gull " marinus 54

48 Slaty-backed Gull " schistisagus 54

49 Western Gull " occidentalis 54

[50] Siberian Gull " affinis A.V.

51 Herring Gull " argentatus 55

[52] Vega Gull " vegæ A.V.

53 California Gull " californicus 55

54 Ring-billed Gull " delawarensis 52

55 Short-billed Gull " brachyrhynchus 52

[56] Mew Gull " canus A.V.

57 Heermann's Gull " heermanni 54

58 Laughing Gull " atricilla 56

59 Franklin's Gull " franklini 56

60 Bonaparte's Gull " philadelphia 56

[60.1] Little Gull " minutus A.V.

61 Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea 56

62 Sabine's Gull Xema sabini 56

63 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 58

64 Caspian Tern Sterna caspia 57

65 Royal Tern " maxima 57

66 Elegant Tern " elegans 57

67 Cabot's Tern " sandvicensis acuflavida 57

[68] Trudeau's Tern " trudeaui A.V.

69 Forster's Tern " forsteri 59

70 Common Tern " hirundo 59

71 Arctic Tern " paradisæa 59

72 Roseate Tern " dougalli 59

73 Aleutian Tern " aleutica 58

74 Least Tern " antillarum 58

75 Sooty Tern " fuscata 60

[76] Bridled Tern " anætheta 58

77 Black Tern Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis 60

[78] White-winged Black Tern " leucoptera A.V.

79 Noddy Anoüs stolidus 60

Family RYNCHOPIDÆ. Skimmers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

80 Black Skimmer Rynchops nigra 60

Order TUBINARES. Tube-nosed Swimmers

Family DIOMEDEIDÆ. Albatrosses.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

81 Black-footed Albatross Diomedea nigripes 62

82 Short-tailed Albatross " albatrus 62

82.1 Laysan Albatross " immutabilis 62

[83] Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassogeron culminatus 62

[84] Sooty Albatross Phœbetria palpebrata 62

Family PROCELLARIIDÆ. Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[85] Giant Fulmar Macronectes giganteus A.V.

86 Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis glacialis 63

86b Pacific Fulmar " " glupischa 63

86.1 Rodger's Fulmar " rodgersi 63

87 Slender-billed Fulmar Priocella glacialoides 63

[102] Pintado Petrel Daption capense A.V.

88 Cory's Shearwater Puffinus borealis 64

89 Greater Shearwater " gravis 64

[90] Manx Shearwater " puffinus A.V.

91 Pink-footed Shearwater " creatopus 64

92 Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri 64

[92.1] Allied Shearwater " assimilis A.V.

93 Black-vented Shearwater " opisthomelas 64

93.1 Townsend's Shearwater " auricularis 64

95 Sooty Shearwater " griseus 63

96 Slender-billed Shearwater " tenuirostris 64

96.1 Wedge-tailed Shearwater " cuneatus 63

[96.2] New Zealand Shearwater " bulleri A.V.

[97] Black-tailed Shearwater Priofinus cinereus A.V.

[98] Black-capped Petrel Æstrelata hasitata 65

[99] Scaled Petrel " scalaris A.V.

100 Fisher's Petrel " fisheri A.V.

[101] Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulweri A.V.

103 Least Petrel Halocyptena microsoma 65

104 Stormy Petrel Thalassidroma pelagica 66

105 Forked-tailed Petrel Oceanodroma furcata 65

105.2 Kaeding's Petrel Oceanodroma kaedingi 65

106 Leach's Petrel " leucorhoa 66

106.1 Guadalupe Petrel " macrodactyla 66

[106.2] Hawaiian Petrel " castro A.V.

107 Black Petrel " melania 66

108 Ashy Petrel " homochroa 65

108.1 Socorro Petrel " socorroensis 66

109 Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus 66

[110] White-bellied Petrel Fregetta grallaria A.V.

[111] White-faced Petrel Pelagodroma marina A.V.

Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers

Family PHAËTHONTIDÆ. Tropic Birds.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

112 Yellow-billed Tropic-bird Phaëthon americanus 69

113 Red-billed Tropic-bird " æthereus 69

[113.1] Red-tailed Tropic-bird " rubricaudus A.V.

Family SULIDÆ. Gannets.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[114] Blue-faced Booby Sula cyanops 70

114.1 Blue-footed Booby " nebouxi 70

115 Booby " leucogastra 70

115.1 Brewster's Booby " brewsteri 70

[116] Red-footed Booby " piscator 70

117 Gannet " bassana 69

Family ANHINGIDÆ. Darters.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

118 Water-Turkey Anhinga anhinga 73

Family PHALACROCORACIDÆ. Cormorants.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

119 Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 70

120 Double-crested Cormorant " auritus auritus 71

120a Florida Cormorant " " floridanus 71

120b White-crested Cormorant " " cincinatus 71

120c Farallon Cormorant " " albociliatus 71

121 Mexican Cormorant " vigua mexicanus 71

122 Brandt's Cormorant " penicillatus 72

123 Pelagic Cormorant " pelagicus pelagicus 72

123a Violet-green Cormorant " " robustus 72

123b Baird's Cormorant " " resplendens 72

124 Red-faced Cormorant " urile 72

Family PELECANIDÆ. Pelicans.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

125 White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 73

126 Brown Pelican " occidentalis 73

127 California Brown Pelican " californicus 73

Family FREGATIDÆ. Man-o'-War Birds.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

128 Man-o'-war-bird Fregata aquila 73

Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral Swimmers

Family ANATIDÆ. Ducks, Geese, and Swans.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

129 American Merganser Mergus americanus 76

130 Red-breasted Merganser " serrator 76

131 Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 76

[131.1] Smew Mergellus albellus A.V.

132 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 76

133 Black Duck " rubripes 77

134 Florida Duck " fulvigula fulvigula 77

134a Mottled Duck " " maculosa 77

135 Gadwall Chaulelasmus streperus 77

136 European Widgeon Mareca penelope 77

137 Baldpate " americana 77

[138] European Teal Nettion crecca A.V.

139 Green-winged Teal " carolinense 78

140 Blue-winged Teal Querquedula discors 78

141 Cinnamon Teal " cyanoptera 78

[141.1] Ruddy Sheldrake Casarca ferruginea A.V.

142 Shoveller Spatula clypeata 78

143 Pintail Dafila acuta 76

144 Wood Duck Aix sponsa 78

[145] Rufous-crested Duck Netta rufina A.V.

146 Redhead Marila americana 79

147 Canvas-back " valisineria 79

148 American Scaup Duck " marila 79

149 Lesser Scaup Duck " affinis 79

150 Ring-necked Duck " collaris 79

151 American Golden-eye Clangula clangula americana 80

152 Barrow's Golden-eye " islandica 80

153 Buffle-head Charitonetta albeola 80

154 Old-squaw Harelda hyemalis 81

155 Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus 81

156 Labrador Duck Camptorhynchus labradorius 81

157 Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri 81

158 Spectacled Eider Arctonetta fischeri 82

159 Northern Eider Somateria mollissima borealis 82

160 American Eider " dresseri 82

161 Pacific Eider " v-nigra 82

162 King Eider " spectabilis 82

163 American Scoter Oidemia americana 83

[164] Velvet Scoter " fusca A.V.

165 White-winged Scoter " deglandi 83

166 Surf Scoter " perspicillata 83

167 Ruddy Duck Erismatura jamaicensis 80

[168] Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus 80

169 Lesser Snow Goose Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus 84

169a Greater Snow Goose " " nivalis 84

169.1 Blue Goose " cærulescens 85

170 Ross's Goose " rossi 84

[171] European White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons albifrons A.V.

171a White-fronted Goose " " gambeli 85

[171.1] Bean Goose " fabalis A.V.

[171.2] Pink-footed Goose " brachyrhynchus A.V.

172 Canada Goose Branta canadensis canadensis 86

172a Hutchins's Goose " " hutchinsi 86

172b White-cheeked Goose " " occidentalis 86

172c Cackling Goose " " minima 86

173a Brant " bernicla glaucogastra 86

174 Black Brant " nigricans 86

[175] Barnacle Goose " leucopsis A.V.

176 Emperor Goose Philacte canagica 85

177 Black-bellied Tree-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 83

178 Fulvous Tree-duck " bicolor 83

[179] Whooper Swan Olor cygnus A.V.

180 Whistling Swan " columbianus 84

181 Trumpeter Swan " buccinator 84

Order ODONTOGLOSSÆ. Lamellirostral Grallatores

Family PHŒNICOPTERIDÆ. Flamingoes.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

182 Flamingo Phœnicopterus ruber 89

Order HERODIONES. Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc.

Family PLATALEIDÆ. Spoonbills.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

183 Roseate Spoonbill Ajaia ajaja 89

Family IBIDIDÆ. Ibises.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

184 White Ibis Guara alba 90

[185] Scarlet Ibis " rubra 89

186 Glossy Ibis Plegadis autumnalis 90

187 White-faced Glossy Ibis " guarauna 90

Family CICONDIIDÆ. Storks and Wood Ibises.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

188 Wood Ibis Mycteria americana 90

[189] Jabiru Jabiru mycteria A.V.

Family ARDEIDÆ. Herons, Bitterns, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

190 American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus 91

191 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 91

191.1 Cory's Least Bittern " neoxenus 91

192 Great White Heron Ardea occidentalis 92

194 Great Blue Heron " herodias herodias 93

194a Northwestern Coast Heron " " fannini 93

194b Ward's Heron " " wardi 93

[195] European Heron " cinerea A.V.

196 American Egret Herodias egretta 92

197 Snowy Egret Egretta candidissima candidissima 92

197a Brewster's Egret " " brewsteri class="text_rt">94

198 Reddish Egret Dichromanassa rufescens 94

199 Louisiana Heron Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis 94

200 Little Blue Heron Florida cærulea 94

201 Green Heron Butorides virescens virescens 94

201a Frazar's Green Heron " " frazari 94

201b Anthony's Green Heron " " anthonyi 94

202 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax nævius 93

203 Yellow-crowned Night Heron Nyctanassa violacea 93

Order PALUDICOLÆ. Cranes, Rails, etc.

Family GRUIDÆ. Cranes.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

204 Whooping Crane Grus americana 96

205 Little Brown Crane " canadensis 96

206 Sandhill Crane " mexicana 96

Family ARAMIDÆ. Courlans.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

207 Limpkin Aramus vociferus 96

Family RALLIDÆ. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

208 King Rail Rallus elegans 97

209 Belding's Rail " beldingi 97

210 California Clapper Rail " obsoletus 97

210.1 Light-footed Rail " levipes 294

211 Clapper Rail " crepitans crepitans 98

211a Louisiana Clapper Rail " " saturatus 98

211b Florida Clapper Rail " " scotti 98

211c Wayne's Clapper Rail " " waynei 98

211.2 Caribbean Clapper Rail " longirostris caribæus 98

212 Virginia Rail " virginianus 97

[213] Spotted Crake Porzana porzana A.V.

214 Sora " carolina 98

215 Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis 97

216 Black Rail Creciscus jamaicensis 98

216.1 Farallon Rail " coturniculus 294

[217] Corn Crake Crex crex A.V.

218 Purple Gallinule Ionornis martinicus 99

219 Florida Gallinule Gallinula galeata 99

[220] European Coot Fulica atra A.V.

221 Coot " americana 99

Order LIMICOLÆ. Shore Birds.

Family PHALAROPODIDÆ. Phalaropes.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

222 Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius 102

223 Northern Phalarope Lobipes lobatus 102

224 Wilson's Phalarope Steganopus tricolor 102

Family RECURVIROSTRIDÆ. Avocets and Stilts.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

225 Avocet Recurvirostra americana 103

226 Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus 105

Family SCOLOPACIDÆ. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[227] European Woodcock Scolopax rusticola A.V.

228 Woodcock Philohela minor 105

[229] European Snipe Gallinago gallinago A.V.

230 Wilson's Snipe " delicata 105

[230.1] Great Snipe " media A.V.

231 Dowitcher Macrorhamphus griseus griseus 106

232 Long-billed Dowitcher " " scolopaceus 106

233 Stilt Sandpiper Micropalama himantopus 106

234 Knot Tringa canutus 106

235 Purple Sandpiper Arquatella maritima maritima 107

235a Aleutian Sandpiper " " couesi 107

235b Pribilof Sandpiper " " ptilocnemis 108

238 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Pisobia aurita 109

239 Pectoral Sandpiper " maculata 109

240 White-rumped Sandpiper " fuscicollis 109

241 Baird's Sandpiper " bairdi 109

242 Least Sandpiper " minutilla 109

[242.1] Long-toed Stint " damacensis A.V.

[243] Dunlin Pelidna alpina alpina A.V.

243a Red-backed Sandpiper " " sakhalina 108

244 Curlew Sandpiper Erolia ferruginea 106

[245] Spoonbill Sandpiper Eurynorhynchus pygmæus A.V.

246 Semipalmated Sandpiper Ereunetes pusillus 108

247 Western Sandpiper " mauri 108

248 Sanderling Calidris leucophæa 108

249 Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa 110

250 Pacific Godwit " lapponica baueri 110

251 Hudsonian Godwit " hæmastica 110

[252] Black-tailed Godwit " limosa A.V.

[253] Green-shank Glottis nebularia A.V.

[253.1] Red-shank Totanus totanus A.V.

254 Greater Yellow-legs " melanoleucus 111

255 Yellow-legs " flavipes 111

256 Solitary Sandpiper Helodromas solitarius solitarius 107

256a Western Solitary Sandpiper " " cinnamomeus 107

[257] Green Sandpiper " ocrophus A.V.

258 Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus 111

258a Western Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 111

259 Wandering Tattler Heteractitis incanus 111

[260] Ruff Machetes pugnax A.V.

261 Upland Plover Bartramia longicauda 105

262 Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis 105

263 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia 107

264 Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus 103

265 Hudsonian Curlew Numenius hudsonicus 103

266 Eskimo Curlew " borealis 103

[267] Whimbrel " phæopus A.V.

268 Bristle-thighed Curlew " tahitiensis 295

Family CHARADRIIDÆ. Plovers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[269] Lapwing Vanellus vanellus A.V.

[269.1] Dotterel Eudromias morinellus A.V.

270 Black-bellied Plover Squatarola squatarola 110

[271] European Golden Plover Charadrius apricarius A.V.

272 Golden Plover " dominicus dominicus 110

272a Pacific Golden Plover " " fulvus 110

273 Killdeer Oxyechus vociferus 112

274 Semipalmated Plover Ægialitis semipalmata 112

275 Ringed Plover " hiaticula 112

[276] Little Ringed Plover " dubia A.V.

277 Piping Plover " meloda 112

278 Snowy Plover " nivosa 112

[279] Mongolian Plover " mongola A.V.

280 Wilson's Plover Ochthodromus wilsonius 112

281 Mountain Plover Podasocys montanus 105

Family APHRIZIDÆ. Surf Birds and Turnstones.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

282 Surf-bird Aphriza virgata 111

283 Turnstone Arenaria interpres interpres 102

283a Ruddy Turnstone " " morinella 102

284 Black Turnstone " melanocephala 107

Family HÆMATOPODIDÆ. Oyster-Catchers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[285] European Oyster-catcher Hæmatopus ostralegus A.V.

286 Oyster-catcher " palliatus 104

286.1 Frazar's Oyster-catcher " frazari 104

287 Black Oyster-catcher " bachmani 104

Family JACANIDÆ. Jacanas.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[288] Mexican Jacana Jacana spinosa 102

Order GALLINÆ. Gallinaceous Birds

Family ODONTOPHORIDÆ. Bob-whites, Quails, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

289 Bob-white Colinus virginianus virginianus 115

289a Florida Bob-white " " floridanus 115

289b Texas Bob-white " " texanus 115

291 Masked Bob-white " ridgwayi 115

292 Mountain Quail Oreortyx picta picta 116

292a Plumed Quail " " plumifera 116

292b San Pedro Quail " " confinis 116

293 Scaled Quail Callipepla squamata squamata 116

293a Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail " " castanogastris 116

294 California Quail Lophortyx californica californica 116

294a Valley Quail " " vallicola 116

295 Gambel's Quail " gambeli 116

296 Mearns's Quail Cyrtonyx montezumæ mearnsi 115

Family TETRAONIDÆ. Grouse, Partridges, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

297 Dusky Grouse Dendragapus obscurus obscurus 117

297a Sooty Grouse " " fuliginosus 117

297b Richardson's Grouse " " richardsoni 117

297c Sierra Grouse " " sierræ 295

298 Hudsonian Spruce Partridge Canachites canadensis canadensis 117

298b Alaska Spruce Partridge " " osgoodi 117

298c Canada Spruce Partridge " " canace 117

299 Franklin's Grouse " franklini 117

300 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus umbellus 118

300a Canada Ruffed Grouse " " togata 118

300b Gray Ruffed Grouse " " umbelloides 118

300c Oregon Ruffed Grouse " " sabini 118

301 Willow Ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus lagopus 119

301a Allen's Ptarmigan " " alleni 119

301b Alexander's Ptarmigan " " alexandræ 295

301c Ungava Ptarmigan " " ungavus 295

302 Rock Ptarmigan " rupestris rupestris 119

302a Reinhardt's Ptarmigan " " reinhardi 119

302b Nelson's Ptarmigan " " nelsoni 119

302c Turner's Ptarmigan " " atkhensis 120

302d Townsend's Ptarmigan " " townsendi 120

302e Adak Ptarmigan " " chamberlaini 296

302f Dixon's Ptarmigan " " dixoni 296

302.1 Evermann's Ptarmigan " evermanni 120

303 Welch's Ptarmigan " welchi 120

304 White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus leucurus 118

304a Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan " " peninsularis 118

305 Prairie Chicken Tympanuchus americanus americanus 121

305a Attwater's Prairie Chicken " " attwateri 121

306 Heath Hen " cupido 121

307 Lesser Prairie Chicken " pallidicinctus 121

308 Sharp-tailed Grouse Pediœcetes phasianellus phasianellus 121

308a Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse Pediœcetes phasianellus columbianus 121

308b Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse " " campestris 121

309 Sage Hen Centrocercus urophasianus 122

Family MELEAGRIDÆ. Turkeys.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

310 Merriam's Turkey Meleagris gallopavo merriami 122

310a Wild Turkey " " silvestris 122

310b Florida Turkey " " osceola 122

310c Rio Grande Turkey " " intermedia 122

Family CRACIDÆ. Curassows and Guans.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

311 Chachalaca Ortalis vetula mccalli 122

Order COLUMBÆ. Pigeons

Family COLUMBIDÆ. Pigeons.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

312 Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata fasciata 124

312a Viosca's Pigeon " " vioscæ 124

313 Red-billed Pigeon " flavirostris 124

314 White-crowned Pigeon " leucocephala 124

[314.1] Scaled Pigeon " squamosa A.V.

315 Passenger Pigeon Ectopistes migratorius 125

316 Mourning Dove Zenaidura macroura carolinensis 125

316i Western Mourning Dove " " marginella 296

317 Zenaida Dove Zenaida zenaida 125

318 White-fronted Dove Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera 125

319 West Indian White-winged Dove Melopelia asiatica asiatica 126

319a White-winged Dove " " trudeaui 296

320 Ground Dove Chæmepelia passerina terrestris 126

320a Mexican Ground Dove " " pallescens 126

320b Bermuda Ground Dove " " bermudiana 126

321 Inca Dove Scardafella inca 126

[322] Key West Quail-dove Geotrygon chrysia 126

[322.1] Ruddy Quail-dove " montana 126

[323] Blue-headed Quail-dove Starnœnas cyanocephala 126

Order RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.

Family CATHARTIDÆ. American Vultures.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

324 California Vulture Gymnogyps californianus 129

325 Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura septentrionalis 129

326 Black Vulture Catharista urubu 129

Family BUTEONIDÆ. Hawks, Eagles, Kites, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

327 Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus 130

328 White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus 130

329 Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis 130

330 Everglade Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis 130

331 Marsh Hawk Circus hudsonius 130

332 Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter velox 131

333 Cooper's Hawk " cooperi 131

334 Goshawk " atricapillus atricapillus 131

334a Western Goshawk " " striatulus 131

335 Harris's Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi 132

337 Red-tailed Hawk Buteo borealis borealis 132

337a Krider's Hawk " " krideri 132

337b Western Red-tail " " calurus 132

337d Harlan's Hawk " " harlani 132

337e Alaska Red-tail " " alascensis 296

339 Red-shouldered Hawk " lineatus lineatus 133

339a Florida Red-shouldered Hawk " " alleni 133

339b Red-bellied Hawk " " elegans 133

340 Zone-tailed Hawk " abbreviatus 134

341 Sennett's White-tailed Hawk " albicaudatus sennetti 135

342 Swainson's Hawk " swainsoni 133

343 Broad-winged Hawk " platypterus 133

344 Short-tailed Hawk " brachyurus 135

345 Mexican Black Hawk Urubitinga anthracina 134

346 Mexican Goshawk Asturina plagiata 131

347a Rough-legged Hawk Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis 135

348 Ferruginous Rough-leg " ferrugineus 135

349 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaëtos 136

[351] Gray Sea Eagle Haliæetus albicilla A.V.

352 Bald Eagle " leucocephalus leucocephalus 136

352a Northern Bald Eagle " " alascanus 136

Family FALCONDIDÆ. Falcons, Caracaras, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

353 White Gyrfalcon Falco islandus 136

354 Gray Gyrfalcon " rusticolus rusticolus 136

354a Gyrfalcon " " gyrfalco 136

354b Black Gyrfalcon " " obsoletus 137

355 Prairie Falcon " mexicanus 135

[356] Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus peregrinus A.V.

356a Duck Hawk " " anatum 137

356b Peale's Falcon " " pealei 137

357 Pigeon Hawk Falco columbarius columbarius 137

357a Black Pigeon Hawk " " suckleyi 137

358 Richardson's Pigeon Hawk " " richardsoni 137

[358.1] Merlin " æsalon A.V.

359 Aplomado Falcon " fusco-cærulescens 137

[359.1] Kestrel " tinnunculus A.V.

360 Sparrow Hawk " sparverius sparverius 137

360a Desert Sparrow Hawk " " phalæna 138

360b San Lucas Sparrow Hawk " " peninsularis 138

360c Little Sparrow Hawk " " paulus 296

[361] Cuban Sparrow Hawk " sparveroides A.V.

362 Audubon's Caracara Polyborus cheriway 134

363 Guadalupe Caracara " lutosus 134

Family PANDIONIDÆ. Ospreys.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

364 Osprey Pandion haliaëtus carolinensis 129

Family ALUCONDIDÆ. Barn Owls.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

365 Barn Owl Aluco pratincola 138

Family STRIGIDÆ. Horned Owls, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

366 Long-eared Owl Asio wilsonianus 138

367 Short-eared Owl " flammeus 138

368 Barred Owl Strix varia varia 139

368a Florida Barred Owl " " alleni 139

368b Texas Barred Owl " " albogilva 139

369 Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis occidentalis 139

369a Northern Spotted Owl " " caurina 139

370 Great Gray Owl Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa 139

[370a] Lapp Owl " " lapponica A.V.

371 Richardson's Owl Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni 139

372 Saw-whet Owl " " acadica acadica 140

372a Northwestern Saw-whet Owl " " scotæa 140

373 Screech Owl Otus asio asio 141

373a Florida Screech Owl " " floridanus 141

373b Texas Screech Owl " " mccalli 141

373c California Screech Owl " " bendirei 141

373d Kennicott's Screech Owl " " kennicotti 141

373e Rocky Mountain Screech Owl " " maxwelliæ 141

373f Mexican Screech Owl " " cineraceus 142

373g Aiken's Screech Owl " " aikeni 142

373h MacFarlane's Screech Owl " " macfarlanei 142

373i Sahuaro Screech Owl " " gilmani 297

373.1 Spotted Screech Owl " " trichopsis 142

373.2 Xantus's Screech Owl " xantusi 142

374 Flammulated Screech Owl " flammeolus flammeolus 142

374a Dwarf Screech Owl " " idahoensis 142

375 Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus virginianus 143

375a Western Horned Owl " " pallescens 143

375b Arctic Horned Owl " " subarcticus 143

375c Dusky Horned Owl " " saturatus 143

375d Pacific Horned Owl " " pacificus 143

375e Dwarf Horned Owl " " elachistus 143

375f Labrador Horned Owl " " heterocnemis 297

375g Saint Michael Horned Owl " " algistus 297

376 Snowy Owl Nyctea nyctea 143

[377] European Hawk Owl Surnia ulula ulula A.V.

377a Hawk Owl " " caparoch 143

378 Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia hypogæa 138

378a Florida Burrowing Owl " " floridana 138

379 Rocky Mountain Pygmy Owl Glaucidium gnoma pinicola 140

379a California Pygmy Owl " " californicum 140

379.1 Hoskins's Pygmy Owl " hoskinsi 140

380 Ferruginous Pygmy Owl " phalænoides 140

381 Elf Owl Micropallas whitneyi 140

Order PSITTACI. Parrots, Macaws, Paroquets, etc.

Family PSITTACIDÆ. Parrots and Paroquets.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

382 Carolina Paroquet Conuropsis carolinensis 145

382.1 Thick-billed Parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha 145

Order COCCYGES. Cuckoos, etc.

Family CUCULIDÆ. Cuckoos, Anis, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[383] Ani Crotophaga ani 146

384 Groove-billed Ani " sulcirostris 146

385 Road-runner Geococcyx californianus 146

386 Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus minor minor 146

[386a] Maynard's Cuckoo " " maynardi 146

387 Yellow-billed Cuckoo " americanus americanus 146

387a California Cuckoo " " occidentalis 146

388 Black-billed Cuckoo " erythrophthalmus 146

[388.1] Kamchatka Cuckoo Cuculus canorus telephonus A.V.

Family TROGONIDÆ. Trogons.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

389 Coppery-tailed Trogon Trogon ambiguus 147

Family ALCEDINIDÆ. Kingfishers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

390 Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon alcyon 147

390a Northwestern Belted Kingfisher " " caurina 297

[390.1] Ringed Kingfisher " torquata A.V.

391 Texas Kingfisher " americana septentrionalis 147

Order PICI. Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc.

Family PICIDÆ. Woodpeckers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

392 Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis 149

393 Hairy Woodpecker Dryobates villosus villosus 150

393a Northern Hairy Woodpecker " " leucomelas 150

393b Southern Hairy Woodpecker " " auduboni 150

393c Harris's Woodpecker " " harrisi 150

393d Cabanis's Woodpecker " " hyloscopus 150

393e Rocky Mt. Hairy Woodpecker " " monticola 150

393f Queen Charlotte Woodpecker " " picoideus 150

393g Newfoundland Woodpecker " " terrænovæ 297

393h White-breasted Woodpecker Dryobates villosus leucothorectis 297

394 Southern Downy Woodpecker " pubescens pubescens 150

394a Gairdner's Woodpecker " " gairdneri 150

394b Batchelder's Woodpecker " " homorus 150

394c Downy Woodpecker " " medianus 150

394d Nelson's Downy Woodpecker " " nelsoni 150

394e Willow Woodpecker " " turati 151

395 Red-cockaded Woodpecker " borealis 151

396 Cactus Woodpecker " scalaris cactophilus 151

396a San Lucas Woodpecker " " lucasanus 151

396b San Fernando Woodpecker " " eremicus 297

397 Nuttall's Woodpecker " nuttalli 151

398 Arizona Woodpecker " arizonæ 141

399 White-headed Woodpecker Xenopicus albolarvatus 151

400 Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus 149

401 Amer. Three-toed Woodpecker " americanus americanus 149

401a Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker " " fasciatus 149

401b Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker " " dorsalis 149

402 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius varius 152

402a Red-naped Sapsucker " " nuchalis 152

403 Red-breasted Sapsucker " ruber ruber 152

403a Northern Red-breasted Sapsucker " " notkensis 152

404 Williamson's Sapsucker " thyroideus 152

405 Pileated Woodpecker Ceophlœus pileatus pileatus 149

405a Northern Pileated Woodpecker " " abieticola 149

406 Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus 153

407 Ant-eating Woodpecker " formicivorus formicivorus 153

407a Californian Woodpecker " " bairdi 153

407b Narrow-fronted Woodpecker " " angustifrons 153

408 Lewis's Woodpecker Asyndesmus lewisi 152

409 Red-bellied Woodpecker Centurus carolinus 153

410 Golden-fronted Woodpecker " aurifrons 153

411 Gila Woodpecker " uropygialis 153

412 Southern Flicker Colaptes auratus auratus 154

412a Northern Flicker " " luteus 154

413 Red-shafted Flicker " cafer collaris 154

413a Northwestern Flicker " " saturatior 154

414 Gilded Flicker " chrysoides chrysoides 154

414a San Fernando Flicker " " brunnescens 154

414b Mearns's Gilded Flicker " " mearnsi 298

415 Guadalupe Flicker " rufipileus 154

Order MACROCHIRES. Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc.

Family CAPRIMULGIDÆ. Goatsuckers, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

416 Chuck-will's-widow Antrostomus carolinensis 156

417 Whip-poor-will " vociferus vociferus 156

417a Stephen's Whip-poor-will " " macromystax 156

418 Poor-will Phalænoptilus nuttalli nuttalli 156

418a Frosted Poor-will " " nitidus 156

418b Dusky Poor-will " " californicus 156

419 Merrill's Parauque Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli 157

420 Nighthawk Chordeiles virginianus virginianus 157

420a Western Nighthawk " " henryi 157

420b Florida Nighthawk " " chapmani 157

420c Sennett's Nighthawk " " sennetti 157

421 Texas Nighthawk " acutipennis texensis 157

Family MICROPODIDÆ. Swifts.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

422 Black Swift Cypseloides niger borealis 158

423 Chimney Swift Chætura pelagica 158

424 Vaux's Swift " vauxi 158

425 White-throated Swift Aëronautes melanoleucus 158

Family TROCHILIDÆ. Hummingbirds.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

426 Rivoli's Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens 159

427 Blue-throated Hummingbird Cyanolæmus clemenciæ 160

428 Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris 160

429 Black-chinned Hummingbird " alexandri 159

430 Costa's Hummingbird Calypte costæ 159

431 Anna's Hummingbird " anna 161

432 Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus 161

433 Rufous Hummingbird " rufus 161

434 Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus alleni 161

435 Morcom's Hummingbird Atthis morcomi 161

436 Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope 161

437 Lucifer Hummingbird Calothorax lucifer 159

438 Rieffer's Hummingbird Amizilis tzacatl 169

439 Buff-bellied Hummingbird " cerviniventris chalconota 160

439.1 Salvin's Hummingbird Uranomitra salvini 298

440 Xantus's Hummingbird Basilinna xantusi 159

440.1 White-eared Hummingbird " leucotis 160

441 Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris 160

Order PASSERES. Perching Birds

Family COTINGIDÆ. Cotingas.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[441.1] Xantus's Becard Platypsaris aglaiæ albiventris A.V.

Family TYRANNIDÆ. Tyrant Flycatchers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[442] Fork-tailed Flycatcher Muscivora tyrannus A.V.

443 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher " forficata 177

444 Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus 247

445 Gray Kingbird " dominicensis 247

446 Couch's Kingbird " melancholicus couchi 202

447 Arkansas Kingbird " verticalis 202

448 Cassin's Kingbird " vociferans 202

449 Derby Flycatcher Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus 202

451 Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris 203

452 Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus 203

453 Arizona Crested Flycatcher " magister magister 203

453a Mexican Crested Flycatcher " " nelsoni 203

454 Ash-throated Flycatcher " cinerascens cinerascens 203

454b Lower California Flycatcher " " pertinax 203

455a Olivaceous Flycatcher " lawrencei olivascens 203

456 Phœbe Sayornis phœbe 208

457 Say's Phœbe " sayus 205

458 Black Phœbe " nigricans 251

459 Olive-sided Flycatcher Nuttallornis borealis 208

460 Coues's Flycatcher Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris 208

461 Wood Pewee " virens 208

462 Western Wood Pewee " richardsoni richardsoni 208

462a Large-billed Wood Pewee " richardsoni peninsulæ 208

463 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris 211

464 Western Flycatcher " difficilis difficilis 210

464.1 San Lucas Flycatcher " " cineritius 210

465 Acadian Flycatcher " virescens 210

466 Traill's Flycatcher " trailli trailli 209

466a Alder Flycatcher " " alnorum 209

467 Least Flycatcher " minimus 209

468 Hammond's Flycatcher " hammondi 209

469 Wright's Flycatcher " wrighti 209

469.1 Gray Flycatcher " griseus 209

470a Buff-breasted Flycatcher " fulvifrons pygmæus 215

471 Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus 177

472 Beardless Flycatcher Camptostoma imberbe 211

Family ALAUDIDÆ. Larks.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[473] Skylark Alauda arvensis A.V.

474 Horned Lark Octocoris alpestris alpestris 200

474a Pallid Horned Lark " " articola 200

474b Prairie Horned Lark " " praticola 200

474c Desert Horned Lark " " leucolæma 201

474d Texas Horned Lark " " giraudi 200

474e California Horned Lark " " actia 201

474f Ruddy Horned Lark " " rubea 201

474g Streaked Horned Lark " " strigata 201

474h Scorched Horned Lark " " adusta 201

474i Dusky Horned Lark " " merrilli 201

474j Sonora Horned Lark " " pallida 201

474k Hoyt's Horned Lark " " hoyti 200

474l Montezuma Horned Lark " " occidentalis 201

474m Island Horned Lark " " insularis 201

Family CORVIDÆ. Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

475 Magpie Pica pica hudsonia 253

476 Yellow-billed Magpie " nuttalli 253

477 Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata cristata 183

477a Florida Blue Jay " " florincola 183

478 Steller's Jay " stelleri stelleri 185

478a Blue-fronted Jay " " frontalis 185

478b Long-crested Jay " " diademata 185

478c Black-headed Jay " " annectens 185

478d Queen Charlotte Jay " " carlottæ 185

478e Coast Jay " " carbonacea 298

479 Florida Jay Aphelocoma cyanea 184

480 Woodhouse's Jay " woodhousei 184

480.1 Blue-eared Jay " cyanotis 184

480.2 Texas Jay " texana 184

481 California Jay " californica californica 184

481a Xantus's Jay " " hypoleuca 184

481b Belding's Jay " " obscura 184

481.1 Santa Cruz Jay " insularis 184

482 Arizona Jay " sieberi arizonæ 183

482a Couch's Jay " " couchi 183

483 Green Jay Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens 185

484 Canada Jay Perisoreus canadensis canadensis 252

484a Rocky Mountain Jay " " capitalis 252

484b Alaska Jay " " fumifrons 252

484c Labrador Jay " " nigricapillus 252

485 Oregon Jay " " obscurus obscurus 252

485a Gray Jay " " griseus 252

486 American Raven Corvus corax sinuatus 255

486a Northern Raven " " principalis 255

487 White-necked Raven " cryptoleucus 255

488 American Crow " brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos 255

488a Florida Crow " brachyrhnchos pascuus 255

488b Western Crow " " hesperis 304

489 Northwestern Crow " caurinus 255

490 Fish Crow " ossifragus 255

[490.1] Rook " frugilegus A.V.

[490.2] Hooded Crow " cornix A.V.

491 Clarke's Crow Nucifraga columbiana 252

492 Piñon Jay Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus 183

Family STURNIDÆ. Starlings.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[493] Starling Sturnus vulgaris 253

Family ICTERIDÆ. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

494 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 251

495 Cowbird Molothrus ater ater 253

495a Dwarf Cowbird " " obscurus 253

496 Red-eyed Cowbird Tangavius æneus involucratus 253

496a Bronzed Cowbird " " æneus 304

497 Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 199

498 Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phœniceus phœniceus 178

498a Sonora Red-wing " " sonoriensis 178

498b Bahama Red-wing " " bryanti 178

498c Florida Red-wing " " floridanus 178

498d Thick-billed Red-wing " " fortis 178

498e San Diego Red-wing " " neutralis 178

498f Northwestern Red-wing " " caurinus 178

498g Vera Cruz Red-wing " " richmondi 298

499 Bicolored Blackbird " gubernator californicus 179

500 Tricolored Blackbird " tricolor 179

501 Meadowlark Sturnella magna magna 199

501a Rio Grande Meadowlark " " hoopesi 199

501c Southern Meadowlark " " argutula 199

501.1 Western Meadowlark " neglecta 199

503 Audubon's Oriole Icterus melanocephalus auduboni 180

504 Scott's Oriole " parisorum 186

505 Sennett's Oriole " cucullatus sennetti 186

505a Arizona Hooded Oriole " " nelsoni 186

506 Orchard Oriole " spurius 206

507 Baltimore Oriole " galbula 186

508 Bullock's Oriole " bullocki 186

509 Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus 254

510 Brewer's Blackbird " cyanocephalus 254

511 Purple Grackle Quiscalus quiscula quiscula 254

511a Florida Grackle " " aglæus 254

511b Bronzed Grackle " " æneus 254

513 Boat-tailed Grackle Megaquiscalus major major 254

513a Great-tailed Grackle " " macrourus 254

Family FRINGILLIDÆ. Finches, Sparrows, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

514 Evening Grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina 199

514a Western Evening Grosbeak " " montana 199

515 Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator leucura 171

515a Rocky Mt. Pine Grosbeak " " montana 171

515b California Pine Grosbeak " " californica 171

515c Alaska Pine Grosbeak " " alascensis 171

515d Kadiak Pine Grosbeak " " flammula 171

[516] Cassin's Bullfinch Pyrrhula cassini A.V.

517 Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus purpureus 171

517a California Purple Finch " " californicus 171

518 Cassin's Purple Finch " cassini 175

519 House Finch " mexicanus frontalis 175

519b San Lucas House Finch " " ruberrimus 175

519c San Clemente House Finch " " clementis 175

520 Guadalupe House Finch " amplus 175

520.1 McGregor's House Finch " mcgregori 175

521 American Crossbill Loxia curvirostra minor 173

521a Mexican Crossbill " " stricklandi 173

522 White-winged Crossbill " leucoptera 171

523 Aleutian Rosy Finch Leucosticte griseonucha 179

524 Gray-crowned Rosy Finch " tephrocotis tephrocotis 179

524a Hepburn's Rosy Finch " " littoralis 179

525 Black Rosy Finch " atrata 179

526 Brown-capped Rosy Finch " australis 179

527 Greenland Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni 176

527a Hoary Redpoll " " exilipes 176

528 Redpoll " linaria linaria 176

528a Holbœll's Redpoll " " holbœlli 176

528b Greater Redpoll " " rostrata 176

529 Goldfinch Astragalinus tristis tristis 192

529a Pale Goldfinch " " pallidus 192

529b Willow Goldfinch " " salicamans 192

530 Arkansas Goldfinch " psaltria psaltria 192

530a Green-backed Goldfinch " " hesperophilus 299

531 Lawrence's Goldfinch " lawrencei 189

[532] Black-headed Goldfinch Spinus notatus A.V.

533 Pine Siskin " pinus pinus 225

534 Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis 211

534a Pribilof Snow Bunting " " townsendi 211

535 McKay's Snow Bunting " hyperboreus 211

536 Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus 219

536a Alaska Longspur " " alascensis 219

537 Smith's Longspur " pictus 220

538 Chestnut-collared Longspur " ornatus 218

539 McCown's Longspur Rhynchophanes mccowni 218

540 Vesper Sparrow Poœcetes gramineus gramineus 221

540a Western Vesper Sparrow " " confinis 221

540b Oregon Vesper Sparrow " " affinis 221

541 Ipswich Sparrow Passerculus princeps 225

542 Aleutian Savannah Sparrow " sandwichensis sandwichensis 223

542a Savannah Sparrow " sandwichensis savanna 223

542b Western Savannah Sparrow " " alaudinus 223

542c Bryant's Sparrow " " bryanti 223

542d Nevada Savannah Sparrow " " nevadensis 300

543 Belding's Sparrow " beldingi 223

544 Large-billed Sparrow " rostratus rostratus 223

544a San Lucas Sparrow " " guttatus 223

544c San Benito Sparrow " " sanctorum 224

545 Baird's Sparrow Ammodramus bairdi 224

546 Grasshopper Sparrow " savannarum australis 224

546a Western Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus 224

546b Florida Grasshopper Sparrow " " floridanus 224

547 Henslow's Sparrow Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi 224

547a Western Henslow's Sparrow " " occidentalis 224

548 Leconte's Sparrow " lecontei 225

549 Sharp-tailed Sparrow " caudacutus 225

549.1 Nelson's Sparrow " nelsoni nelsoni 225

549.1a Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow " " subvirgatus 225

550 Seaside Sparrow " maritimus maritimus 226

550a Scott's Seaside Sparrow " " peninsulæ 226

550b Texas Seaside Sparrow " " sennetti 226

550c Fisher's Seaside Sparrow " " fisheri 226

550d Macgillivray's Seaside Sparrow " " macgillivraii 226

551 Dusky Seaside Sparrow " nigrescens 226

552 Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus grammacus 228

552a Western Lark Sparrow " " strigatus 228

553 Harris's Sparrow Zonotrichia querula 229

554 White-crowned Sparrow " leucophrys leucophrys 227

554a Gambel's Sparrow " " gambeli 227

554b Nuttall's Sparrow " " nuttalli 227

557 Golden-crowned Sparrow " coronata 227

558 White-throated Sparrow " albicollis 227

559 Tree Sparrow Spizella monticola monticola 222

559a Western Tree Sparrow " " ochracea 222

560 Chipping Sparrow " passerina passerina 222

560a Western Chipping Sparrow " " arizonæ 222

561 Clay-colored Sparrow " pallida 228

562 Brewer's Sparrow " breweri 228

563 Field Sparrow " pusilla pusilla 222

563a Western Field Sparrow " " arenacea 222

564 Worthen's Sparrow " wortheni 228

565 Black-chinned Sparrow " atrogularis 219

566 White-winged Junco Junco aikeni 240

567 Slate-Colored Junco " hyemalis hyemalis 240

567a Oregon Junco " " oreganus 241

567b Shufeldt's Junco " " connectens 241

567c Thurber's Junco " " thurberi 241

567d Point Pinos Junco " " pinosus 241

567e Carolina Junco " " carolinensis 240

567f Montana Junco " " montanus 240

567g Pink-sided Junco Junco hyemalis mearnsi 240

567h Ridgway's Junco " " annectens 303

567i Townsend's Junco " " townsendi 240

570 Arizona Junco " phæonotus palliatus 241

570a Red-backed Junco " " dorsalis 241

570b Gray-headed Junco " " caniceps 241

571 Baird's Junco " bairdi 240

572 Guadalupe Junco " insularis 240

573 Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata bilineata 249

573a Desert Black-throated Sparrow " " deserticola 249

574 Bell's Sparrow " belli 228

574.1 Sage Sparrow " nevadensis nevadensis 228

574.1a Gray Sage Sparrow " " cinerea 228

574.1b California Sage Sparrow " " canescens 300

575 Pine-woods Sparrow Peucæa æstivalis 221

575a Bachman's Sparrow " " bachmani 221

576 Botteri's Sparrow " botterii 221

578 Cassin's Sparrow " cassini 221

579 Rufous-winged Sparrow Aimophila carpalis 220

580 Rufous-crowned Sparrow " ruficeps ruficeps 220

580a Scott's Sparrow " " scotti 220

580b Rock Sparrow " " eremœca 220

580c Laguna Sparrow " " sororia 220

581 Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia melodia 229

581a Desert Song Sparrow " " fallax 229

581b Mountain Song Sparrow " " montana 229

581c Heermann's Song Sparrow " " heermanni 229

581d Samuel's Song Sparrow " " samuelis 230

581e Rusty Song Sparrow " " morphna 230

581f Sooty Song Sparrow " " rufina 230

581g Brown's Song Sparrow " " rivularis 229

581h Santa Barbara Song Sparrow " " graminea 230

581i San Clemente Song Sparrow " " clementæ 230

581j Dakota Song Sparrow " " juddi 229

581k Merrill's Song Sparrow " " merrilli 229

581l Alameda Song Sparrow " " pusillula 230

581m San Diego Song Sparrow " " cooperi 230

581n Yakutat Song Sparrow " " caurina 230

581o Kenai Song Sparrow " " kenaiensis 230

581p Mendocino Song Sparrow " " cleonensis 301

581q Kadiak Song Sparrow " " insignis 230

581r Aleutian Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia sanaka 230

581s Suisun Song Sparrow " " maxillaris 300

583 Lincoln's Sparrow " lincolni lincolni 226

583a Forbush's Sparrow " " striata 226

584 Swamp Sparrow " georgiana 222

585 Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca iliaca 231

585a Shumagin Sparrow " " unalaschcensis 231

585b Thick-billed Sparrow " " megarhyncha 231

585c Slate-colored Sparrow " " schistacea 231

585d Stephen's Sparrow " " stephensi 231

585e Sooty Fox Sparrow " " fuliginosa 301

585f Kadiak Fox Sparrow " " insularis 301

586 Texas Sparrow Arremonops rufivirgatus 215

587 Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus 204

587a White-eyed Towhee " erythrophthalmus alleni 204

588 Arctic Towhee " maculatus arcticus 204

588a Spurred Towhee " " montanus 204

588b Oregon Towhee " " oregonus 204

588c San Clemente Towhee " " clementæ 204

588d San Diego Towhee " " megalonyx 204

588e Large-billed Towhee " " magnirostris 204

589 Guadalupe Towhee " consobrinus 204

591 Cañon Towhee " fuscus mesoleucus 205

591a San Lucas Towhee " " albigula 205

591.1 California Towhee " crissalis crissalis 205

591.1a Anthony's Towhee " " senicula 205

592 Abert's Towhee " aberti 205

592.1 Green-tailed Towhee Oreospiza chlorura 206

593 Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis 177

593a Arizona Cardinal " " superbus 172

593b San Lucas Cardinal " " igneus 172

593c Gray-tailed Cardinal " " canicaudus 172

593d Florida Cardinal " " floridanus 172

594 Arizona Pyrrhuloxia Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata 172

594a Texas Pyrrhuloxia " " texana 172

594b San Lucas Pyrrhuloxia " " peninsulæ 172

595 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Zamelodia ludoviciana 174

596 Black-headed Grosbeak " melanocephala 207

597 Blue Grosbeak Guiraca cærulea cærulea 181

597a Western Blue Grosbeak Guiraca cærulea lazula 181

598 Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 181

599 Lazuli Bunting " amœna 180

600 Varied Bunting " versicolor versicolor 180

600a Beautiful Bunting " " pulchra 180

601 Painted Bunting " ciris 180

602 Sharpe's Seed-eater Sporophila morelleti sharpei 249

[603] Grassquit Tiaris bicolor A.V.

[603.1] Melodious Grassquit " canora A.V.

604 Dickcissel Spiza americana 198

605 Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys 252

Family TANGARIDÆ. Tanagers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

607 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana 171

608 Scarlet Tanager " erythromelas 171

609 Hepatic Tanager " hepatica 171

610 Summer Tanager " rubra rubra 171

610a Cooper's Tanager " " cooperi 171

Family HIRUNDINIDÆ. Swallows.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

611 Purple Martin Progne subis subis 250

611a Western Martin " " hesperia 250

611.1 Cuban Martin " cryptoleuca 250

611.2 Gray-breasted Martin " chalybea 304

612 Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons 250

612a Lesser Cliff Swallow " " tachina 304

612b Mexican Cliff Swallow " " melanogastra 250

[612.1] Cuban Cliff Swallow " fulva A.V.

613 Barn Swallow Hirundo erythrogastra 250

[613.1] European Swallow " rustica A.V.

614 Tree Swallow Iridoprocne bicolor 250

615 Northern Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina lepida 250

615a San Lucas Swallow " " brachyptera 250

[615.1] Bahama Swallow Callichelidon cyanoviridis A.V.

[615.2] European Martin Chelidonaria urbica A.V.

616 Bank Swallow Riparia riparia A.V.

617 Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis 211

Family BOMBYCILLIDÆ. Waxwings.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

618 Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrula 198

619 Cedar Waxwing " cedrorum 198

Family PTILOGONATIDÆ. Silky Flycatchers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

620 Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens 253

Family LANIIDÆ. Shrikes.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

621 Northern Shrike Lanius borealis 248

622 Loggerhead Shrike " ludovicianus ludovicianus 248

622a White-rumped Shrike " " excubitorides 248

622b California Shrike " " gambeli 248

622c Island Shrike " " anthonyi 248

622e Migrant Shrike " " migrans 304

Family VIREONIDÆ. Vireos.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

623 Black-whiskered Vireo Vireosylva calidris barbatula 212

624 Red-eyed Vireo " olivacea 212

[625] Yellow-green Vireo " viridis 233

626 Philadelphia Vireo " philadelphica 213

627 Warbling Vireo " gilva gilva 213

627a Western Warbling Vireo " " swainsoni 213

628 Yellow-throated Vireo Lanivireo flavifrons 198

629 Blue-headed Vireo " solitarius solitarius 213

629a Cassin's Vireo " " cassini 213

629b Plumbeous Vireo " " plumbeus 213

629c Mountain Solitary Vireo " " alticola 213

629d San Lucas Solitary Vireo " " lucasanus 213

630 Black-capped Vireo Vireo atricapillus 245

631 White-eyed Vireo " griseus griseus 213

631a Key West Vireo " " griseus maynardi 213

631b Bermuda Vireo " " bermudianus 213

631c Small White-eyed Vireo " " micrus 213

632 Hutton's Vireo " huttoni huttoni 212

632a Stephens's Vireo " " stephensi 212

632c Anthony's Vireo " " obscurus 212

632d Frazar's Vireo " " cognatus 299

633 Bell's Vireo " " belli belli 214

633a Least Vireo " " pusillus 214

633b Texas Vireo " " medius 299

634 Gray Vireo " vicinior 214

Family CŒREBIDÆ. Honey Creepers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[635] Bahama Honey Creeper Cœreba bahamensis A.V.

Family MNIOTILTIDÆ. Wood Warblers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

636 Black and White Warbler Mniotilta varia 249

637 Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea 187

638 Swainson's Warbler Helinaia swainsoni 215

639 Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorus 215

640 Bachman's Warbler Vermivora bachmani 191

641 Blue-winged Warbler " pinus 191

642 Golden-winged Warbler " chrysoptera 189

643 Lucy's Warbler " luciæ 206

644 Virginia's Warbler " virginiæ 197

645 Nashville Warbler " rubricapilla rubricapilla 195

645a Calaveras Warbler " " gutturalis 195

646 Orange-crowned Warbler " celata celata 219

646a Lutescent Warbler " " lutescens 210

646b Dusky Warbler " " sordida 212

647 Tennessee Warbler " peregrina 212

648 Parula Warbler Compsothlypis americana americana 195

648a Northern Parula Warbler " americana usneæ 195

649 Sennett's Warbler " pitiayumi nigrilora 195

651 Olive Warbler Peucedramus olivaceus 187

650 Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina 196

652 Yellow Warbler " æstiva æstiva 196

652a Sonora Yellow Warbler Dendroica æstiva sonorana 196

652b Alaska Yellow Warbler " " rubiginosa 196

652c California Yellow Warbler " " brewsteri 299

653 Mangrove Warbler " bryanti castaneiceps 196

654 Black-throated Blue Warbler " cærulescens cærulescens 180

654a Cairns's Warbler " " cairnsi 180

655 Myrtle Warbler " coronata 197

656 Audubon's Warbler " auduboni auduboni 190

656a Black-fronted Warbler " " nigrifrons 190

657 Magnolia Warbler " magnolia 190

658 Cerulean Warbler " cerulea 181

659 Chestnut-sided Warbler " pensylvania 198

660 Bay-breasted Warbler " castanea 206

661 Black-poll Warbler " striata 249

662 Blackburnian Warbler " fusca 187

663 Yellow-throated Warbler " dominica dominica 190

663a Sycamore Warbler " " albilora 190

664 Grace's Warbler Dendroica graciæ 190

665 Black-throated Gray Warbler " nigrescens 249

666 Golden-cheeked Warbler " chrysoparia 188

667 Black-throated Green Warbler " virens 188

668 Townsend's Warbler " townsendi 188

669 Hermit Warbler " occidentalis 188

670 Kirtland's Warbler " kirtlandi 191

671 Pine Warbler " vigorsi vigorsi 191

672 Palm Warbler " palmarum palmarum 196

672a Yellow Palm Warbler " " hypochrysea 197

673 Prairie Warbler " discolor 197

674 Oven-bird Seiurus aurocapillus 232

675 Water-Thrush " noveboracensis noveboracensis 232

675a Grinnell's Water-Thrush " noveboracensis notabilis 232

676 Louisiana Water-Thrush " motacilla 232

677 Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus 193

678 Connecticut Warbler " agilis 189

679 Mourning Warbler " philadelphia 189

680 Macgillivray's Warbler " tolmiei 189

681 Maryland Yellow-throat Geothlypis trichas trichas 193

681a Western Yellow-throat " " occidentalis 193

681b Florida Yellow-throat " " ignota 194

681c Pacific Yellow-throat " " arizela 194

681e Salt Marsh Yellow-throat " " sinuosa 194

682 Belding's Yellow-throat " beldingi 194

682.1 Rio Grande Yellow-throat Chamæthlypis poliocephala 194

683 Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens virens 198

683a Long-tailed Chat " " longicauda 198

684 Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina 188

685 Wilson's Warbler " pusilla pusilla 193

685a Pileolated Warbler " " pileolata 193

685b Golden Pileolated Warbler " " chryseola 193

686 Canadian Warbler " canadensis 191

687 American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 187

688 Painted Redstart " picta 177

690 Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons 177

Family MOTACILLIDÆ. Wagtails and Pipits.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

[694] White Wagtail Motacilla alba A.V.

[695] Swinhoe Wagtail " ocularis A.V.

696 Alaska Yellow Wagtail Budytes flavus alascensis 192

697 Pipit Anthus rubescens 232

[698] Meadow Pipit " pratensis A.V.

[699] Red-throated Pipit " cervinus A.V.

700 Sprague's Pipit " spraguei 232

Family CINCLIDÆ. Dippers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

701 Dipper Cinclus mexicanus unicolor 247

Family MIMIDÆ. Thrashers, Mockingbirds, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

702 Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus 233

703 Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos polyglottos 248

703a Western Mockingbird " " leucopterus 248

704 Catbird Dumtella carolinensis 247

705 Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum 233

706 Sennett's Thrasher " longirostre sennetti 233

707 Curve-billed Thrasher " curvirostre curvirostre 216

707a Palmer's Thrasher " " palmeri 216

708 Bendire's Thrasher " bendirei 216

709 San Lucas Thrasher " cinereum cinereum 216

709a Mearns's Thrasher " " mearnsi 216

710 California Thrasher " " redivivum redivivum 217

711 Leconte's Thrasher " lecontei lecontei 217

711a Desert Thrasher " " arenicola 217

712 Crissal Thrasher " crissale 217

Family TROGLODYTIDÆ. Wrens.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

713 Cactus Wren Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi 233

713a Bryant's Cactus Wren " " bryanti 233

713b San Lucas Cactus Wren " " affinis 233

715 Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus 234

715a San Nicolas Rock Wren " " pulverius 301

716 Guadalupe Rock Wren " " guadeloupensis 234

717 White-throated Wren Catherpes mexicanus albifrons 234

717a Cañon Wren " " conspersus 234

717b Dotted Cañon Wren " " punctulatus 234

718 Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus 234

718a Florida Wren " " miamensis 234

718b Lomita Wren " " lomitensis 234

719 Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewicki bewicki 235

719a Vigor's Wren " spilurus 235

719b Baird's Wren " " bairdi 235

719c Texas Bewick's Wren " " cryptus 235

719d San Diego Bewick's Wren " " charienturus 235

719e Seattle Bewick's Wren " calophonus 235

719.1 San Clemente Wren " leucophrys 235

720 Guadalupe Wren " brevicauda 235

721 House Wren Troglodytes aëdon aëdon 236

721a Western House Wren " " parkmani 236

722 Winter Wren Nannus hiemalis hiemalis 236

722a Western Winter Wren " pacificus 236

722b Kadiak Winter Wren " " helleri 236

723 Alaska Wren " alascensis 236

723.1 Aleutian Wren " meliger 236

724 Short-billed Marsh Wren Cistothorus stellaris 236

725 Long-billed Marsh Wren Telmatodytes palustris palustris 237

725 Tulé Wren " paludicola 237

725b Worthington's Marsh Wren " " griseus 237

725c Western Tule Wren " plesius 237

725d Prairie Marsh Wren " iliacus 301

725e Marian's Marsh Wren " " mariannæ 237

Family CERTHIIDÆ. Creepers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

726 Brown Creeper Certhia familiaris americana 237

726a Mexican Creeper " " albescens 237

726b Rocky Mountain Creeper " " montana 237

726c California Creeper " " occidentalis 237

726d Sierra Creeper " " zelotes 237

Family SITTIDÆ. Nuthatches.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

727 White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis carolinensis 246

727a Slender-billed Nuthatch " " aculeata 246

727b Florida White-breasted Nuthatch " " atkinsi 246

727c Rocky Mountain Nuthatch " " nelsoni 246

727d San Lucas Nuthatch " " lagunæ 246

728 Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis 246

729 Brown-headed Nuthatch " pusilla 246

730 Pygmy Nuthatch " pygmæa pygmæa 246

730a White-naped Nuthatch " " leuconucha 247

Family PARIDÆ. Titmice.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

731 Tufted Titmouse Bæolophus bicolor 243

732 Black-crested Titmouse " atricristatus atricristatus 242

732a Sennett's Titmouse " " sennetti 303

733 Plain Titmouse Bæolophus inornatus inornatus 242

733a Gray Titmouse " " griseus 242

733b Ashy Titmouse " " cineraceus 242

734 Bridled Titmouse " wollweberi 244

735 Chickadee Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus 245

735a Long-tailed Chickadee " " septentrionalis 245

735b Oregon Chickadee " " occidentalis 245

735c Yukon Chickadee " " turneri 303

736 Carolina Chickadee " carolinensis carolinensis 245

736a Plumbeous Chickadee " " agilis 245

736b Florida Chickadee " " impiger 303

737 Mexican Chickadee " sclateri 245

738 Mountain Chickadee " gambeli gambeli 244

738a Bailey's Mountain Chickadee " " baileyæ 303

739 Alaska Chickadee " cinctus alascensis 244

740 Hudsonian Chickadee " hudsonicus hudsonicus 244

740a Acadian Chickadee " " littoralis 244

741 Chestnut-backed Chickadee " rufescens rufescens 244

741a California Chickadee " " neglectus 244

741b Barlow's Chickadee " " barlowi 244

741c Valdez Chestnut-sided Chickadee " " vivax 303

743 Bush-Tit Psaltriparus minimus minimus 242

743a California Bush-Tit " " californicus 242

743b Grinda's Bush-Tit " " grindæ 242

744 Lead-colored Bush-Tit " plumbeus 242

745 Lloyd's Bush-Tit " melanotis lloydi 242

746 Verdin Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps 195

746a Cape Verdin " " lamprocephalus 195

Family CHAMÆIDÆ. Wren-Tits.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

742 Wren-Tit Chamæa fasciata fasciata 215

742a Pallid Wren-Tit " " henshawi 215

742b Coast Wren-Tit " " phæa 300

742c Ruddy Wren-Tit " " rufula 300

Family SYLVIIDÆ. Warblers, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

747 Kennicott's Willow Warbler Acanthopneuste borealis 212

748 Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa satrapa 187

748a Western Golden-crowned Kinglet " " olivaceus 187

749 Ruby-crowned Kinglet " calendula calendula 176

749a Sitkan Kinglet " " grinnelli 176

750 Dusky Kinglet " " obscurus 177

751 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila cærulea cærulea 243

751a Western Gnatcatcher " " obscura 243

752 Plumbeous Gnatcatcher " plumbea 243

753 Black-tailed Gnatcatcher " californica 243

Family TURDIDÆ. Thrushes, Solitaires, Stonechats, Bluebirds, etc.

A.O.U. No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Page

754 Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi 247

755 Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 233

756 Veery " fuscescens fuscescens 238

756a Willow Thrush " " salicicola 238

757 Gray-cheeked Thrush " aliciæ aliciæ 239

757a Bicknell's Thrush " " bicknelli 239

758 Russet-backed Thrush " ustulata ustulata 239

758a Olive-backed Thrush " " swainsoni 239

759 Alaska Hermit Thrush " guttata guttata 238

759a Audubon's Hermit Thrush " " auduboni 238

759b Hermit Thrush " " pallasi 238

759c Dwarf Hermit Thrush " " nana 238

759d Monterey Hermit Thrush " " slevini 302

759e Sierra Hermit Thrush " " sequoiensis 302

[760] Red-winged Thrush Turdus musicus A.V.

761 Robin Planesticus migratorius migratorius 207

761a Western Robin " " propinquus 207

761b Southern Robin " " achrusterus 207

762 San Lucas Robin " confinis 207

763 Varied Thrush Ixoreus nævius nævius 207

763a Northern Varied Thrush " " meruloides 207

[764] Siberian Red-spotted Bluethroat Cyanosylvia suecica robusta A.V.

[764.1] Greater Kamchatkan Nightingale Calliope calliope camtschatkensis A.V.

765 Wheatear Saxicola œnanthe œnanthe 248

765a Greenland Wheatear " " leucorhoa 248

766 Bluebird Sialia sialis sialis 182

766a Azure Bluebird " " fulva 182

767 Western Bluebird " mexicana occidentalis 182

767a Chestnut-backed Bluebird " " bairdi 182

767b San Pedro Bluebird " " annabelæ 182

768 Mountain Bluebird " currucoides 182

APPENDIX I

ADDITIONS, SUBTRACTIONS, AND EMENDATIONS.

Since the publication of the first edition of the 'Color Key' in 1903, the American Ornithologists' Union has issued the Third Edition (1910) of its 'Check-List of North American Birds.' This includes all approved additions to and changes in the preceding edition made since 1903 as well as rulings on a number of cases which were in abeyance at the time the first edition of the 'Color Key' appeared.

Mere changes in nomenclature not affecting the status of a species are given without comment in the preceding Systematic Table, which has been fully revised and brought up to date. To ascertain the correct, current name of any species or subspecies of North American bird the student, after determining its identity in the 'Color Key,' has only to refer to its number in the Systematic Table to learn whether any change has been made in nomenclature. In addition to actual changes in nomenclature due to the detection of errors in earlier names, it should be noted that a third name or trinomial is now employed for each race of a species, and also that an apostrophe is used in connection with the names of birds named for individuals. Throughout the 'Color Key,' therefore, alterations should be made when required by these two changes in method.

All other changes than these simple ones of names are included, with explanations, in this appendix, and the student is urged to make manuscript cross-references on the pages where such changes occur to avoid their being overlooked.

As far as possible the language of the original describer of the new subspecies of birds is here quoted, while the Ranges are mainly from the A. O. U. Check-List.

References to original sources of publication are given only with cases included in the first supplement to the Third Edition (1910) of the Check List. In all other instances reference to the original place of description, etc., is contained in the 'Check-List.'

Pages 29, 127. The North American Kites, Hawks, Falcons, Eagles, etc., are now placed in three families instead of one, as follows: BUTEONIDÆ, containing the Kites, Hawks and Eagles (Nos. 327-352a); FALCONIDÆ containing the Falcons and Caracaras (Nos. 353-363), and PANDIONIDÆ, containing the Osprey (No. 364).

Pages 39, 162, 168. The subfamilies Troglodytinæ and Miminæ are now elevated to full family rank. The Mockingbirds and Thrashers (Nos. 702-712) are therefore the North American members of the Family MIMIDÆ; and the Wrens (Nos. 713-725e) the North American members of the Family TROGLODYTIDÆ.

Pages 39, 162, 168. The subfamilies Sittinæ and Parinæ are now elevated to full family rank. The Nuthatches (Nos. 727 to 730a) are therefore the North American members of the Family SITTIDÆ; and the Titmice (Nos. 732 to 746a, except Nos. 742 to 742c now placed in the Family CHAMÆIDÆ, see beyond) the North American members of the Family PARIDÆ.

Page 63. Cancel No. 94, Puffinus fuliginosus, which proves to be the same as No. 95, Puffinus griseus. The common name, however, is retained and the species stands 95, Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus). Characters as given.

Range—Oceans of Southern Hemisphere; occurs in summer on the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to Lower California, and on the Atlantic coast from Gulf of St. Lawrence to South Carolina.

Page 77. But one form of the Black Duck is recognized by the A. O. U. It stands as No. 133. Black Duck (Anas rubripes), which name, therefore, includes both Nos. 133 and 133a.

Page 92. After No. 197 add: 197a. Brewster's Egret (Egretta candidissima brewsteri). Similar to No. 197 "but larger, bill longer, tarsus longer, and whole leg very much heavier or thicker." ♂. Tar. 4.36; B. 3.60. ♀. Tar. 4.00; B. 3.42. (Thayer and Bangs).

Range—"Southern Lower California." (A. O. U.).

Page 97. After No. 210 add: 210.1. Light-footed rail. (Rallus levipes) "Much smaller than either R. obsoletus or R. beldingi, bill much more slender, tarsus and foot smaller than in either; superciliary white instead of rusty…." W. 5.70; T. 2.24; Tar. 1.81; B. 2.24. (Bangs).

Range—"Marshes of southern California, from Santa Barbara south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California; accidental in Arizona." (A. O. U.)

Page 98. After No. 216 add: 216.1. Farallon Rail (Creciscus coturniculus). "Smaller [than No. 216] with much slenderer bill; the plumbeous of the under parts deeper, the chestnut-brown of the upper parts brighter and more extended, forming a broader patch on the nape and tinging more or less strongly and generally much of the top of the head where there is often no pure unmixed plumbeous or slaty save on the forehead." (Brewster).

Range—"Pacific coast of United States. Breeds in coast marshes of California; casual in Washington, Oregon and Lower California." (A. O. U.)

Page 103. After 266 add: 268. Bristle-thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis). Somewhat like N. hudsonicus, but thighs with long bristle-like feathers; tail pale rusty, barred with black; markings of back and wings pale rusty.

Range—"Alaska and Pacific Islands. Breeding range unknown; has been taken in summer in western Alaska from Kowak River to Kenai Peninsula; also on Laysan and Phoenix Islands; winters in islands of the South Pacific from Hawaii to New Caledonia" (A. O. U.). Classed with Accidental Visitants in first edition of 'Color Key.'

Page 112. Cancel No. 277a, Belted Piping Plover, which proves to be the same as No. 277, Piping Plover.

Page 117. After No. 297b add: 297c. Sierra Grouse (D. o. sierræ). Male resembles male of No. 297, but back less black and more heavily vermiculated with brown and gray; terminal tail-band narrower and more speckled with blackish; medium tail-feathers more heavily marked with gray or brownish; white neck-tufts practically absent; feathers of sides, flanks and under tail-coverts with less white. Much paler and more heavily vermiculated above than No. 297b.

Range—Ft. Klamath, Oregon south through the Sierras to Mount Pinos in South California.

Page 117. The ranges of the races of this bird (now known as Spruce Partridge, rather than Spruce Grouse) are given in the A. O. U. 'Check-List' as follows:

298. Hudsonian Spruce Partridge (Canachites canadensis canadensis).

Range—"Boreal forest region from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains west of Edmonton, Alberta, east to Labrador Peninsula; also a disconnected area in Alaska from Bristol Bay to Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound."

298b. Alaska Spruce Partridge (C. c. osgoodi).

Range—"Mt. McKinley and the Yukon region east to Great Slave and Athabasca lakes."

298c. Canada Spruce Partridge (C. c. canace).

Range—"Manitoba, southern Ontario, and New Brunswick south to northern parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and New England."

Page 119. After No. 301a add: 301b. Alexander's Ptarmigan (L. l. alexandræ). Similar to L. l. lagopus in corresponding plumage, "but coloration darker throughout, especially dorsally; bill smaller and relatively much narrower." (Grinnell).

Range—Baranof and adjacent islands west to Shumagin Islands (A. O. U.).

Page 119. After No. 301b. add; 301c. Ungava Ptarmigan (L. l. ungavus). Like No. 301 but with a heavier bill. Culmen, .82; depth of bill at base, .57 (Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIV, 1911, p. 233).

Range—Ungava and probably the eastern shore of Hudson Bay.

Page 120. Remove the interrogation points from before Nos. 304 and 304a, the distinctions between which there presented having been accepted by the A. O. U., and amend Range of No. 304a. to read: "Alpine summits from central Alaska, northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie south to Cook Inlet region, Kenai Peninsula and southern Yukon." (A. O. U.).

Page 120. After No. 302e. add: 302f. Dixon's Ptarmigan (L. r. dixoni). Resembling L. r. nelsoni in corresponding plumage, "but much darker; in extreme blackness of coloration nearly like Lagopus evermanni, but feathers of chest and back more or less finely vermiculated with hazel." (Grinnell).

Range—Islands near Sitka.

Page 120. After No. 302d. add: 302e. Adak Ptarmigan (L. r. chamberlaini). Nearest L. r. towsendi but with finer vermiculations above, and with black bars on neck and upper back reduced to very narrow bars or vermiculations. Grayest of the Aleutian Ptarmigan. (Clark).

Range—Island of Adak, Aleutian Chain.

Page 122. A change here in enumeration makes Merriam's Turkey No. 310, while the Wild Turkey (M. g. silvestris) becomes 310a.

Page 125. After No. 316 add: 316a. Western Mourning Dove (Z. m. marginella). Similar to Z. m. carolinensis but paler. (Mearns, Auk, 1911, p. 490).

Range—"Pacific Coast and San Clemente Island east to Mississippi Valley" (A. O. U.). The range of No. 316 should be correspondingly restricted.

Page 126. After No. 319 add: 319a. White-winged Dove (M. a. trudeaui). Similar to M. a. asiatica but "slightly larger, with a much longer bill and much paler coloration" (Mearns, Auk. 1911, p. 489).

Range—"Lower California, southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and southern Texas, south to Costa Rica. Casual in southeastern California and Colorado; accidental in Washington" (A. O. U.).

Page 126. No. 319 becomes West Indian White-winged Dove (Melopelia asiatica asiatica). Its Range includes Cuba and Jamaica, and it is of casual occurrence in the Bahamas and Florida.

Page 132. After No. 337d. add 337e. Alaska Red-tail (B. b. alascensis). Resembling B. b. calurus "but smaller throughout, and, keeping in consideration the stage of plumage, dark areas blacker and more extended." ♂ W. 13.5; T. 7.67; ♀ W. 14.44; T. 8.69 (Grinnell).

Range—"Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to Admiralty Island and the Sitka Islands" (A. O. U.).

Page 138. After No. 360b. add: 360c. Little Sparrow Hawk (F. S. paulus). Similar to No. 360 but smaller. ♂ W. 6.80; T. 4.12 ♀ W. 6.96; T. 4.00 (Howe).

Range—Southern half of Florida.

Page 140. No. 379 proves to be separable into southern and northern races. The former retains the name Glaucidium gnoma gnoma, while the race of northern Mexico and Western United States, heretofore known by that name, becomes G. g. pinicola, the Rocky Mountain Pygmy Owl. (Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXIII, 1910, p. 103).

Page 142. After No. 373h. add: 373i. Sahauro Screech Owl (O. a. gilmani). Nearest No. 373f but smaller and paler and with black markings more restricted (Swarth, Univ. Cal. Pub. Zool., VII, 1910, p. 1).

Range—"Lower Sonoran Life zone of southeastern California, Arizona, and probably New Mexico; and northwestern Mexico" (A. O. U.).

Page 143. After No. 375f. add: 375g. Saint Michael Horned Owl (B. v. algistus). Similar to No. 375d. but larger; face less ochraceous, upper surface paler ochraceous. W. 14.60 (Oberholser).

Range—"Coast Region of northern Alaska from Bristol Bay and the Yukon northward" (A. O. U.).

Page 143. After No. 275e. add: 375f. Labrador Horned Owl (B. v. heterocnemis). Similar to No. 375c. "but bill larger; posterior lower parts paler; feet lighter colored and less heavily spotted; upper parts with usually less ochraceous." (Oberholser).

Range—"Northern Ungava and Labrador" (A. O. U.).

Page 147. After No. 390 add: 390a. Northwestern Belted Kingfisher (C. a. caurina). Similar to No. 370 "but size greater, especially measurements of flight-feathers." W. 6.54 (Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V. 1910, p. 388).

Range—Northwestern America, south along the Pacific coast in winter. Status of California breeding birds still undetermined. (Grinnell, Univ. Cal. Pub. Zool., V, 1910, p. 289).

Page 150. After No. 393f. add: 393g. Newfoundland Woodpecker (D. v. terrænoræ). Similar to D. V. villosus, "but slightly larger, the black areas of the upperparts increased, the white areas reduced both in number and in size, especially in the remiges and wing-coverts," (Batchelder).

Range—Newfoundland.

Page 150. After No. 393e. add: 393h. White-breasted Woodpecker (D. v. leucothorectis). "Much like No. 393e. but decidedly smaller; wing-coverts practically always without white spots." W. 4.83; T. 3.07; B. 1.10 (Oberholser, Proc. U. S. N. M. 40, 1908, p. 608).

Range—"Canadian and Transition Zones, from southern Utah, northwestern and central New Mexico and extreme southwestern Texas, south to the mountains of western Zacatecas, Mexico." (A. O. U.).

Page 151. After No. 396a. add: 396b. San Fernando Woodpecker (D. s. eremicus). Similar to No. 396a, but larger; lower surface darker; upperparts darker, the white bars on back averaging narrower and less regular, the neck bars wider; black bars on posterior lower parts averaging somewhat wider." ♂ W. 4.16; T. 2.67; B. 1.02. (Oberholser, Proc. U. S. N. M. 41, 1911, P. 151).

Range—Lower California, north of Ukai and Plaia Maria Bay, except extreme northeastern portion" (A. O. U.). The Range of No. 396a is thus restricted to the southern half of Lower California.

Page 151. Dryobates scalaris bairdi proves to be restricted to Mexico; No. 396, its representative in the southwestern United States, has been named Cactus Woodpecker (D. s. cactophilus). (Oberholser, Proc. U. S. N. M., 41, 1911, p. 152).

Page 154. After No. 414a. add: 414b. Mearns's Gilded Flicker (C. c. mearnsi). Similar to C. c. chrysoides but decidedly larger and paler, with pileum more strongly cinnamomeus, black bars on back, etc., narrower, spots on outer web of primaries more conspicuous primary coverts also sometimes spotted, gray of throat, etc. lighter, and spots on underparts usually smaller. W. 5.74; T. 3.77; B. 1.39 (Ridgway).

Range.—"Extreme southwestern California, northern Lower California, and southern Arizona south to southern Sonora" (A. O. U.). The Range of No. 414 is now restricted to "southern Lower California," that of No. 414 to "middle Lower California."

Page 160. After No. 439 add: 391.1 Salvin's Hummingbird (Uranomitra salvini). Ad. ♂. Head glittering blue; back dark shining green; tail dark glossy green, outer pair of feathers broadly tipped with drab; below soiled white; throat tinged with clayey white, sides of throat spotted with blue; sides of breast greenish blue; sides of body brilliant green. W. 2.07; T. 1.27; B. 1.02 (Brewster). Yng ♀. Similar but duller, rump edged with rusty; sides of body brownish gray (Bishop).

Range.—"Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona, and eastern Sonora (only two specimens known)" (A. O. U.).

Pages 162 and 166. The Waxwings alone now compose the Family BOMBYCILLIDÆ (formerly AMPELIDÆ) while the Phainopepla is placed in the Family PTILOGONATIDÆ.

Pages 162 and 169. The subfamily Chamæinæ is now elevated to full family rank and stands as Family CHAMÆIDÆ, Wren-Tits. It contains solely the Wren-Tits, (Nos. 742 to 742c) the only family of birds restricted to North America.

Page 178. After No. 498f. add: 498g. Vera Cruz Red-wing (A. p. richmondi). Similar to A. p. floridanus but slightly smaller; adult female much lighter colored (resembling female of A. p. sonoriensis), about intermediate in color between females of A. p. floridanus and A. p. bryanti. ♂ W. 4.40; T. 3.22; B. 90; depth of B. at base, .44. ♀. W. 3.61; T. 2.67; B. .77; depth of B. at base, 39.

Range.—"Southern coast and Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas south through eastern Mexico to Yucatan and eastern Guatemala; winters south to eastern Nicaragua and Costa Rica." (A. O. U.).

Page 185. After No. 478d. add: 478e. Coast Jay (C. s. carbonacea). "Intermediate in size and coloration between C. s. stelleri and C. stelleri frontalis. Dorsal surface sooty black as in stelleri, but with blue on forehead nearly as extended as in frontalis. Tint of blue of posterior lower parts paler than in stelleri, and extending further forward into pectoral region as in frontalis" (Grinnell).

Range.—"Breeds in the humid Pacific coast strip from southern Oregon to the Santa Lucia mountains, California and east to the mountains on the west side of Napa Valley; in winter east to the Gabilan and Mt. Diablo ranges" (A. O. U).

Page 192. Cancel No. 530b, United States specimens of which prove to be merely adults of No. 530. Further west, however, black-backed birds are not found, and this western bird has been described as new. (Consequently after No. 530, add: 530a). Green-backed Goldfinch (A. p. hesperophilus). Similar to A. p. psaltria "but ear-coverts, sides of neck with back, nape, and rump, in fully adult plumage, olive-green instead of black" (Oberholser). Fig. 530 represents this area.

Range.—"Southwestern United States. Breeds from southern Oregon and Utah to southern Lower California, Sonora and extreme southwestern New Mexico; winters from central California to Cape San Lucas" (A. O. U.).

The Range of A. g. psaltria is therefore restricted to "northern Colorado to central northern Texas and south throughout Mexico, except in northwestern and extreme southern portions; casual in Wyoming." (A. O. U.).

Page 194. Cancel No. 618d, Northern Yellow-throat, which proves to be the same as No. 681, Maryland Yellow-throat.

Page 196. After No. 652b. add: 652c. California Yellow Warbler (D. æ. brewsteri). Differs from D. æ. æstiva in smaller size, paler (or less brightly yellow) coloration and, in the male, narrower streaking on under surface." Differs from D. æ. rubiginosa "in much smaller size and yellower coloration," and "from D. æ. sonorana in smaller size and darker coloration." ♂ W. 2.45; T. 1.96. ♀. W. 2.33; T. 1.93 (Grinnell).

Range.—Pacific Coast, west of the Cascades, and the Sierra Nevada from Washington to southern California. (The range of D. æ. æstiva is correspondingly restricted).

Page 210. Cancel No. 464.2, Santa Barbara Flycatcher, which proves to be the same as No. 464, Western Flycatcher.

Page 211. Cancel No. 472a, Ridgway's Flycatcher, which proves to be the same as No. 472, Beardless Flycatcher.

Page 212. After No. 632c. add: 632a. Fraser's Vireo (V. h. cognatus). Similar to V. h. stephensi, but wing averaging decidedly shorter, tarsus longer, and coloration paler. Wing, 2.48; Tar. .74 (Ridgway).

Range.—"Cape San Lucas district of Lower California (Sierra de la Laguna; Victoria Mountains); resident" (Ridgway).

Page 214. After No. 633a. add: 633b. Texas Vireo (V. b. medius). "Similar to V. b. belli, but coloration paler and tail averaging longer; pileum and hindneck brownish gray instead of grayish brown; olive of back, etc. grayer; underparts whiter with olive-yellow of sides and flanks much paler; under tail-coverts and axillars white, yellowish white, or very pale sulphur yellow" (Ridgway).

Range.—"Southwestern Texas (Presidio, Brewster and Kinney Counties) south to Coahuila and Guanajuato, central Mexico" (A. O. U.).

Pages 215, 216. The Wren-Tits have been revised and their ranges more correctly defined, and to the two forms given two more have been added. The four races now recognized stand as follows: 742. Wren-Tit (Chamæa fasciata fasciata). Characters as described and figured.

Range.—"Upper Sonoran zone on the eastern and southern shores of San Francisco Bay and adjacent Santa Clara Valley" (A. O. U.).

742a. Pallid Wren-Tit (C. f. henshawi). Similar to C. f. fasciata, "but decidedly paler, the back, scapulars, rump, etc. grayish brown (deep hair-brown), the pileum and hindneck brownish gray (nearly mouse-gray or deep smoke-gray), and general color of underparts varying from very pale grayish buff to buffy ecru-drab, or pale, vinaceous-buff, fading to nearly white on lower abdomen" (Ridgway).

Range.—"Upper Sonoran Zone of foothills and valleys of interior and southern California from Shasta County south to northern Lower California, and along the coast from Monterey Bay southward" (A. O. U.).

742b. Coast Wren-Tit (C. f. phæa). Characters as stated on page 216.

Range.—"Humid Transition Zone of Pacific Coast of Oregon and northern California (from Columbia River to Humboldt Bay)" (A. O. U.).

742c. Ruddy Wren-Tit (C. f. rufula). Intermediate in color between No. 742 and No. 742b. More richly colored than the former, but not so dark as the latter.

Range.—"Humid Transition coast strip of California from southern Humboldt County to Santa Cruz" (A. O. U.).

Page 217. Cancel No. 710a. Pasadena Thrasher, which proves to be the same as No. 710 California Thrasher.

Page 223. After No. 542b, add: 542d. Nevada Savannah Sparrow (P. s. nevadensis). Resembles P. s. alaudinus "but much paler throughout in all plumages; white replacing buff, black streaks thus more conspicuously contrasted, there being a minimum amount of hazel marginings; size slightly less." Differs from P. s. savanna "as above, but in greater degree" (Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool. V, 1910, p. 312).

Range.—"Humboldt and Washoe Counties, Nevada, and probably throughout Great Basin, south in winter to the Colorado Desert and Los Angeles Co., California" (A. O. U.).

Page 228, after No. 574b (which, as shown in the Systematic Table, now becomes 574.1a) add: 574.1b. California Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza nevadensis canescens). Similar to Amphispiza belli but size somewhat greater, and coloration throughout very much paler; resembles Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis, but size very much less, and coloration slightly darker. ♂ W. 2.79; T. 3.03. ♀ W. 2.63; T. 2.87 (Grinnell).

Range.—"Upper Sonoran Zone in Owens Valley and adjacent areas in eastern California and extreme western Nevada" (A. O. U.).

Page 229. After No. 581c. add 581s. Suisun Song Sparrow (M. m. maxillaris). Size of M. m. heermanni; but black streakings everywhere broader, and the general tone of coloration darker; larger than M. m. samuelis and with brown more extended and deeper in tone (bay rather than hazel); unique in having the base of the maxilla inflated or swollen with "lateral bulbosities" (Grinnell).

Range.—Marshes bordering Suisun Bay, Solano Co., California.

Page 230. After No. 581d. add: 581p. Mendocino Song Sparrow (M. m. cleonsis). Size of M. m. samuelis but lighter and more rusty; black markings of back more restricted; spots of breast broadly edged with rusty; black on side of head and neck almost entirely replaced by rusty or reddish brown" (McGregor).

Range.—"Coast strip of southern Oregon and northern California from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, to Tomales Bay, California" (A. O. U.).

Page 231. After No. 585d. add: 585e. Sooty Fox Sparrow (P. i. fuliginosa). "Similar to P. i. townsendi but darker and less rufescent, the upperparts, sides of head and neck and lateral underparts sepia or sooty brown, the upper tail-coverts and tail slightly more castaneous; spots on underparts dark sooty brown, larger and more confluent than in other forms" (Ridgway).