INDEX.

Aberdevine, 127

Acanthyllis caudacuta, 179

Accentor collaris, 86

—— modularis, 84

Accipiter nisus, 206

Acredula caudata, 92

—— rosea, 90

Acrocephalus aquaticus, 82

—— palustris, 82

—— phragmitis, 80

—— streperus, 79

—— turdoïdes, 82

Aëdon galectodes, 79

Ægialitis cantiana, 287

—— curonica, 288

—— hiaticula, 287

—— vocifera, 288

Alauda arborea, 176

—— arvensis, 174

—— cristata, 178

Alca torda, 345

Alcedo ispida, 188

Alpine accentor, 86

American bittern, 226

—— goshawk, 216

—— hawk-owl, 199

—— stint, 317

—— wigeon, 238

Ampelis garrulus, 114

Anas boscas, 239

Anser albifrons, 230

—— brachyrhynchus, 229

—— cinereus, 227

—— segetum, 228

Anthus campestris, 113

—— obscurus, 112

—— pratensis, 108

—— richardii, 115

—— spipoletta, 113

—— trivialis, 110

Aquatic warbler, 82

Aquila chrysaëtus, 204

—— clanga, 216

Archibuteo lagopus, 216

Arctic tern, 317

Ardea alba, 226

—— bubulcus, 226

—— cinerea, 223

—— gazetta, 226

—— purpurea, 226

—— ralloïdes, 226

Ardetta minuta, 226

Asio brachyotus, 197

—— otus, 196

Astur palumbarius, 216

Athene noctua, 199

Avocet, 316

Auk, little, 351

Baillon’s crake, 278

Barnacle goose, 232

Barn-owl, 193

Barred warbler, 70

—— woodpecker, 183

Barrow’s goldeneye, 246

Bar-tailed godwit, 316

Bartram’s sandpiper, 317

Bean-goose, 228

Bearded titmouse, 89

Bee-eater, 190

Belted kingfisher, 189

Bernicla brenta, 230

—— leucopsis, 232

Bernicla ruficollis, 227

Bewick’s swan, 234

Big plover, 282

Bittern, American, 226

—— common, 224

—— little, 226

Black-bellied dipper, 88

Black-billed cuckoo, 193

Blackbird, 47

Blackcap, 67

Black crow, 167

—— eagle, 204

—— grouse, 273

—— guillemot, 350

Black-headed bunting, 154

—— gull, 328

Black kite, 216

—— redstart, 59

—— scoter, 253

—— stork, 226

—— swift, 179

Black-tailed godwit, 316

Black tern, 323

Black-throated diver, 341

—— thrush, 51

—— wheatear, 54

Black-winged stilt, 316

Blue rock, 262

Bluethroat, 59

Blue titmouse, 97

Blue-winged teal, 244

Bonaparte’s sandpiper, 317

Bonxie, 331

Botaurus lentiginosus, 226

—— stellaris, 224

Brambling, 137

Brent goose, 230

Broad-billed sandpiper, 317

Brown owl, 198

Brünnich’s guillemot, 351

Bubo ignavus, 199

Buff-backed heron, 226

Buff-breasted sandpiper, 317

Buffel-headed duck, 246

Buffon’s skua, 333

Bullfinch, 142

Bulweria columbina, 339

Bulwer’s petrel, 339

Bunting, black-headed, 154

—— cirl, 150

—— corn, 146

—— Lapland, 154

—— little, 154

—— ortolan, 154

—— reed, 151

—— snow, 152

—— yellow, 148

Bustard, great, 281

—— little, 281

—— Macqueen’s, 281

Butcher-bird, 114

Buteo vulgaris, 202

Buzzard, 202

—— honey, 217

—— moor, 216

Caccabis rufa, 265

Calcarius lapponica, 154

Calendrella brachydactyla, 178

Calidris arenaria, 308

Capercaillie, 275

Capped petrel, 339

Caprimulgus ægyptius, 181

—— europæus, 179

—— ruficollis, 181

Carduelis elegans, 126

Carpodacus erythrinus, 144

Carrion crow, 166

Caspian tern, 323

Certhia familiaris, 124

Ceryle alcyon, 189

Chack-bird, 54

Chaffinch, 134

Charadrius fulvus, 286

—— pluvialis, 284

Chat, river, 80

Chaulelasmus streperus, 241

Chelidon urbica, 121

Chen albatus, 227

Chiffchaff, 74

Chit-perle, 322

Chough, 157

Chrysometris spinus, 127

Churn-owl, 181

Ciconia alba, 226

—— nigra, 226

Cinclus aquaticus, 86

—— melanogaster, 88

Circus æruginosus, 216

—— cineraceus, 201

—— cyaneus, 199

Cirl bunting, 150

Clangula albeola, 246

—— glaucion, 249

—— islandica, 246

Clod-hopper, 54

Coal-mouse, 95

Coal-titmouse, 94

Coccothraustes vulgaris, 130

Coccystes glandarius, 193

Coccyzus americanus, 193

—— erythrophthalmus, 193

Collared pratincole, 284

Columba œnas, 261

—— livia, 261

—— palumbus, 259

Colymbus arcticus, 341

—— glacialis, 340

—— septentrionalis, 342

Common bittern, 224

—— curlew, 314

—— guillemot, 347

—— gull, 326

—— sandpiper, 309

—— scoter, 253

—— sheldrake, 235

—— skua, 330

—— snipe, 299

—— tern, 319

Coot, 280

Coracius garrula, 190

Cormorant, 218

—— green, 220

Corn-bunting, 146

Corncrake, 278

Cornish chough, 157

Corvus corax, 172

—— cornix, 167

—— corone, 166

—— frugilegus, 168

—— monedula, 163

Cosmonetta histrionica, 246

Cotile riparia, 122

Coturnix communis, 269

Crake, Baillon’s, 278

—— corn, 278

—— spotted, 277

Crane, 281

Cream-coloured courser, 284

Creeper, 124

Crested lark, 178

—— titmouse, 98

Crex pratensis, 278

Cricket teal, 243

Crossbill, 144

Crow, black, 167

—— carrion, 166

—— grey, 167

—— hooded, 167

—— Royston, 167

Cuckoo, 190

—— black billed, 193

—— great spotted, 193

—— yellow-billed, 193

Cuculus canorus, 190

Curlew, common, 314

—— Esquimaux, 317

—— stone, 282

Curlew-sandpiper, 303

Cursorius gallicus, 284

Cushat, 258

Cyanecula suecica, 59

—— wolfi, 59

Cygnus bewickii, 234

—— immutabilis, 233

—— musicus, 234

—— olor, 233

Cypselus apus, 178

—— melba, 179

Dabchick, 344

Dafila acuta, 238

Dartford warbler, 70

Daulias luscinia, 62

Dendrocopus major, 181

—— minor, 183

Desert wheatear, 54

Develing, 179

Dipper, 86

—— black-bellied, 88

Diver, black-throated, 341

—— great northern, 340

—— red-throated, 342

Dotterel, 289

Dove, ring, 258

—— rock, 261

—— stock, 261

—— turtle, 262

Double snipe, 298

Duck, buffel-headed, 216

—— eider, 251

—— harlequin, 246

—— long-tailed, 250

—— tufted, 246

—— white-eyed, 346

—— wild, 239

Dunlin, 300

Dunnock, 85

Dusky shearwater, 337

Eagle, black, 204

—— golden, 204

—— spotted, 216

—— white-tailed, 205

Eagle-owl, 199

Eared grebe, 345

Eastern plover, 286

Ectopistes migratorius, 264

Egyptian nightjar, 181

—— vulture, 216

Eider duck, 251

Elanoides furcatus, 217

Emberiza cirlus, 150

—— citrinella, 148

—— hortulana, 154

—— melanocephala, 154

—— miliaria, 146

—— pusilla, 154

—— rustica, 154

—— schœniclus, 151

Endromias morinellus, 289

Esquimaux curlew, 317

Erithacus rubecula, 59

Erne, 205

European hawk-owl, 199

Falco æsalon, 211

—— peregrinus, 208

—— subbuteo, 210

Falcon, Greenland, 217

—— Iceland, 217

—— peregrine, 208

—— red-crested, 217

—— red-footed, 217

Fallowchat, 54

Fieldfare, 46

Finch, mountain, 137

Firecrest, 74

Firetail, 58

Flycatcher, pied, 118

—— spotted, 116

Fork-tailed petrel, 335

Fratercula arctica, 351

French partridge, 265

Fringilla cœlebs, 134

—— montifringilla, 137

Fulica atra, 280

Fuligula cristata, 246

—— ferina, 248

—— marila, 247

—— rufina, 246

Fulmar, 337

Fulmarus glacialis, 337

Furze-wren, 70

Gadwell, 241

Gallinago cælestis, 299

—— major, 298

Gallinula chloropus, 279

Gannet, 221

Garden warbler, 69

Garganey, 243

Garrulus glandarius, 158

Gecinus viridis, 184

Glareola pratincola, 284

Glaucous gull, 329

Glead, 207

Glossy ibis, 226

Goatsucker, 179

Goldcrest, 72

Golden-crested wren, 72

Golden eagle, 204

Goldeneye, 249

Golden oriole, 114

Golden plover, 284

Goldfinch, 126

Goosander, 255

Goose, barnacle, 232

—— bean, 228

—— brent, 230

—— grey lag, 227

—— pink-footed, 229

—— solan, 221

—— white-fronted, 230

Goshawk, 216

Grasshopper warbler, 82

Great black-backed gull, 327

—— black-headed gull, 330

—— bustard, 281

—— crested grebe, 342

—— grey shrike, 116

—— northern diver, 340

—— reed-warbler, 82

—— skua, 330

—— snipe, 298

—— spotted cuckoo, 193

—— spotted woodpecker, 181

—— titmouse, 92

—— white heron, 226

Greater shearwater, 337

—— whitethroat, 65

Grebe, eared, 345

—— great crested, 342

—— little, 344

—— red-necked, 345

Green cormorant, 220

Greenfinch, 128

Greenland falcon, 217

—— redpole, 140

Green plover, 290

—— sandpiper, 310

Greenshank, 312

Green-winged teal, 244

Green woodpecker, 184

Grey-backed crow, 167

Grey crow, 167

—— lag-goose, 227

—— phalarope, 295

—— plover, 286

—— wagtail, 105

Griffon vulture, 215

Grouse, black, 273

—— red, 272

Grus communis, 281

Guillemot, black, 350

—— Brünnick’s, 351

—— common, 347

Gull-billed tern, 323

Gull, black-headed, 330

—— common, 326

—— glaucous, 329

—— great black-backed, 327

—— great black-headed, 330

—— herring, 324

—— Iceland, 217

—— ivory, 329

—— laughing, 329

—— lesser black-backed, 325

—— Sabine’s, 330

Gyps fulvus, 216

Gyrfalcon, 217

Hæmatopus ostralegus, 293

Half-curlew, 313

Haliaëtus albicilla, 205

Harelda glacialis, 250

Harlequin duck, 246

Harrier, Montagu’s, 201

Hawfinch, 130

Hawk-owl, American, 199

—— European, 199

Hawk, sparrow, 206

Heather-bleater, 299

Hedge-sparrow, 84

Helodromus ochropus, 310

Hen-harrier, 199

Heniconetta Stelleri, 246

Heron, 223

—— buff-backed, 226

—— great white, 226

—— night, 223

—— purple, 226

—— Squacco, 226

Herring-gull, 324

Hierofalco candicans, 217

—— gyrfalco, 217

—— islandicus, 217

Hirundo rustica, 118

Hobby, 210

Honey buzzard, 217

Hooded crow, 167

—— merganser, 246

Hoodie, 167

Hoopoe, 190

House-martin, 121

House-sparrow, 132

Hydrochelidon nigra, 323

Hypolaïs icterina, 79

Ibis, glossy, 226

Iceland falcon, 217

—— gull, 329

Icterine warbler, 79

Ivory gull, 329

Iÿnx torquilla, 186

Jack-curlew, 313

Jackdaw, 163

Jack-snipe, 300

Jay, 158

Kentish plover, 287

Kestrel, 212

—— lesser, 217

Killdeer plover, 288

King eider, 246

Kingfisher, 188

—— belted, 189

Kite, 207

—— black, 216

Kittiwake, 323

Knot, 304

Lag-goose, grey, 227

Lagopus mutus, 270

—— scoticus, 272

Landrail, 278

Lanius collurio, 114

—— excubitor, 116

—— major, 116

—— minor, 116

—— pomeranus, 116

Lapland bunting, 154

Lapwing, 290

Lark, crested, 178

—— sky, 174

—— white-winged, 178

—— wood, 176

Larus argentatus, 324

—— canus, 326

—— fuscus, 325

—— glaucus, 329

—— ichthyaëtus, 330

—— leucopterus, 329

—— marinus, 327

—— minutus, 330

—— ridibundus, 328

Laughing gull, 329

Leach’s petrel, 335

Lesser black-backed gull, 325

—— golden plover, 286

—— grey shrike, 116

—— kestrel, 217

—— redpoll, 139

—— ringed plover, 288

—— spotted woodpecker, 183

Lesser tern, 320

—— whitethroat, 66

Ligurinus chloris, 128

Limnocryptes galliluna, 300

Limosa melanura, 316

Linnet, 138

—— mountain, 141

Linota cannabina, 138

—— flavirostris, 141

—— hornemanni, 140

—— linaria, 140

—— rufescens, 139

Little auk, 351

—— bittern, 226

—— bunting, 154

—— bustard, 281

—— crake, 278

—— egret, 226

—— grebe, 344

—— gull, 330

—— owl, 199

—— stint, 302

—— tern, 320

Locustella luscinioïdes, 84

—— nævia, 82

Lomvia bruennichi, 351

—— troile, 347

Long-eared owl, 196

Long-tailed duck, 250

—— titmouse, 90

Loon, 340

Loxia bifasciata, 145

—— curvirostra, 144

—— leucoptera, 145

—— pittyopsittacus, 145

Machetes pugnax, 306

Macqueen’s bustard, 281

Magpie, 160

Mallard, 239

Manx shearwater, 336

Mareca americana, 238

—— penelope, 237

Margulus alle, 351

Marsh-harrier, 216

Marsh-hen, 280

Marsh-titmouse, 96

Marsh warbler, 82

Martin, 121

—— house, 121

—— sand, 122

May bird, 313

Meadow-pipit, 108

Mealy redpoll, 140

Melanocorypha sibirica, 178

Melizophilus undatus, 70

Merganser, hooded, 246

—— red-breasted, 256

Mergus albellus, 258

—— cucullatus, 246

—— merganser, 255

—— serrator, 256

Merlin, 211

Merops apiaster, 190

Milvus ictinus, 207

—— nigrans, 216

Missel-thrush, 39

Montagu’s harrier, 201

Monticola saxatilis, 52

Moor buzzard, 216

Moorhen, 279

Moor-lamb, 299

Motacilla alba, 108

—— flava, 108

—— lugubris, 104

—— melanope, 105

—— rayii, 107

Mother Carey’s chicken, 334

Mountain-blackbird, 50

Mountain-finch, 137

Mountain-linnet, 141

Muscicapa atricapilla, 118

—— grisola, 116

—— parva, 118

Mute swan, 233

Needle-tailed swift, 179

Neophron percnopterus, 216

Night-churn, 181

Night heron, 226

Nightingale, 62

Nightjar, 179

—— Egyptian, 181

Noddy, 323

Norfolk plover, 282

North American killdeer-plover, 288

Nucifraga caryocatactes, 174

Numenius arquata, 314

—— phæopus, 313

Nun, 258

Nutcracker, 174

Nuthatch, 99

Nyctala tengmalmi, 199

Nyctea scandiaca, 199

Nycticorax griseus, 226

Nyroca ferruginea, 246

Oceanites oceanicus, 336

Œdemia fusca, 254

—— nigra, 253

—— perspicillata, 246

Œdicnemus scolopax, 282

Œstrelata hæsitata, 339

Oriole, golden, 114

Oriolus galbulus, 114

Orphean warbler, 70

Ortolan bunting, 154

Osprey, 215

Otis macqueeni, 281

—— tarda, 281

—— tetrax, 281

Otocorys alpestris, 178

Ouzel, water, 86

Owl, American hawk, 199

—— barn, 193

—— brown, 198

—— churn, 181

—— eagle, 199

—— European hawk, 199

—— little, 199

—— long-eared, 196

—— scops, 199

—— short-eared, 197

—— snowy, 199

—— tawny, 198

—— Tengmalm’s, 199

—— wood, 198

Oxeye, 92

Oyster-catcher, 293

Pagophila eburnea, 329

Pallas’s great grey shrike, 116

—— sand-grouse, 264

Pandion haliaëtus, 213

Panurus biamicus, 89

Parrot crossbill, 145

Partridge, 267

—— French, 265

—— red-legged, 265

Parus ater, 94

—— britannicus, 94

—— cæruleus, 97

—— cristatus, 98

—— major, 92

—— palustris, 96

Passenger pigeon, 264

Passer domesticus, 132

—— montanus, 133

Pastor roseus, 156

Pectoral sandpiper, 317

Perdix cinerea, 267

Peregrine falcon, 208

Pernis apivorus, 217

Petrel, Bulwer’s, 339

—— capped, 339

—— fork-tailed, 335

—— Leach’s, 335

—— stormy, 333

—— Wilson’s, 336

Pewit, 290

Phalacrocorax carbo, 218

—— graculus, 220

Phalarope, grey, 295

—— red-necked, 294

Phalaropus fulicarius, 295

—— hyperboreus, 294

Phasianus colchicus, 264

Pheasant, 264

—— ring-necked, 265

—— sea, 238

Phylloscopus rufus, 74

—— sibilatrix, 78

—— superciliosus, 79

—— trochilus, 76

Pica rustica, 160

Pied flycatcher, 118

—— wagtail, 104

Pigeon, passenger, 264

Pigmy curlew, 303

Pine grossbeak, 144

Pinicola enucleator, 144

Pink-footed goose, 229

Pintail, 238

Pipit, meadow, 108

—— Richard’s, 113

—— rock, 112

—— tawny, 113

—— tree, 110

—— water, 113

Platalea leucorodia, 226

Plectrophanes nivalis, 152

Plegadis falcinellus, 226

Plover, big, 282

—— golden, 284

—— green, 290

—— grey, 286

—— Kentish, 287

—— killdeer, 289

—— lesser golden, 286

—— lesser ringed, 288

—— Norfolk, 282

—— ringed, 287

Pochard, 248

—— red-crested, 246

Podiceps auritus, 345

—— cristatus, 342

—— griseigena, 345

—— nigrocollis, 345

Polish swan, 233

Pomatorhine skua, 333

Porzana bailloni, 278

—— maruetta, 277

—— parva, 278

Pratincola rubetra, 54

Pratincola rubicola, 56

Prettichaps, 69

Procellaria leucorrhoa, 335

—— pelagica, 333

Ptarmigan, 270

Puffin, 351

Puffinus anglorum, 336

—— griseus, 337

—— major, 337

—— obscurus, 337

Purple heron, 226

—— sandpiper, 304

Pyrrhocorax graculus, 157

Pyrrhula europæa, 142

Quail, 269

Querquedula carolinensis, 244

—— circia, 243

—— crecca, 244

—— discors, 244

Quest, 258

Rallus aquaticus, 277

Raven, 172

Razorbill, 345

Recurvirostra avocetta, 316

Red-backed shrike, 114

Redbreast, 59

Red-breasted flycatcher, 118

—— goose, 227

—— merganser, 256

—— snipe, 317

Red-craking night-wren, 84

Red-crested pochard, 246

Red-footed falcon, 217

Red grouse, 272

Red-legged partridge, 265

Red-necked grebe, 345

—— nightjar, 181

—— phalarope, 294

Red night-reeler, 84

Redpoll, Greenland, 140

—— lesser, 139

—— mealy, 140

Redshank, 310

Red-spotted bluethroat, 59

Redstart, 57

—— black, 59

Red-throated diver, 342

Redwing, 45

Reed-bunting, 151

Reed-sparrow, 152

Reed-warbler, 79

—— great, 82

Reelbird, 84

Reeve, 306

Regulus cristatus, 72

—— ignicapillus, 74

Richard’s pipit, 113

Richardson’s skua, 333

Ringdove, 258

Ringed plover, 287

Ring-necked pheasant, 265

Ring-ouzel, 50

Rissa tridactyla, 323

River-chat, 80

Robin, 59

Rock, blue, 262

Rock-dove, 261

Rock-pipit, 112

Rock-thrush, 52

Roller, 190

Rook, 168

Roseate tern, 320

Rose-coloured pastor, 156

Rosy bullfinch, 144

Rough-legged buzzard, 216

Royston crow, 167

Ruddy sheldrake, 236

Ruff, 306

Rufous warbler, 79

Rustic bunting, 154

Ruticilla phœnicurus, 57

—— titys, 59

Sabine’s gull, 330

Sanderling, 308

Sand-martin, 122

Sandpiper, Bartram’s, 317

—— Bonaparte’s, 317

—— broad-billed, 317

—— buff-breasted, 317

—— common, 309

—— curlew, 303

—— green, 310

—— pectoral, 317

—— purple, 304

—— wood, 316

Sandwich tern, 322

Savi’s warbler, 84

Saw-sharpener, 93

Saxicola deserti, 54

—— œnanthe, 52

—— strapazina, 54

Scaup, 247

Sclavonian grebe, 345

Scolopax rusticula, 296

Scopoli’s sooty tern, 323

Scops giu, 199

Scops owl, 199

Scoter, black, 253

Scoter, common, 253

—— surf, 246

—— velvet, 254

Screecher, 179

Sea-eagle, 205

Sea-magpie, 293

Sea-pheasant, 238

Sedge-bird, 80

Sedge-warbler, 80

Serin, 128

Serinus hortulanus, 128

Shag, 220

Shearwater, dusky, 337

—— greater, 337

—— Manx, 336

—— sooty, 337

Sheld-duck, 235

Sheldrake, common, 235

—— ruddy, 236

Shore-lark, 178

Short-eared owl, 197

Short-toed lark, 178

Shoveler, 245

Shrike, great grey, 116

—— lesser grey, 116

—— red-backed, 114

Siskin, 127

Sitta cæsia, 99

Skua, Buffon’s, 333

—— common or great, 330

—— Richardson’s, 333

Skylark, 174

Smew, 258

Snipe, common, 299

—— double, 298

—— great, 298

—— jack, 300

—— solitary, 298

—— summer, 309

Snow-bunting, 153

Snowflake, 152

Snow goose, 227

Snowy owl, 199

Solan goose, 221

Solitary snipe, 298

Somateria mollissima, 251

—— spectabilis, 246

Song-thrush, 41

Sooty shearwater, 337

—— tern, 323

Sparrow-hawk, 206

Sparrow, hedge, 84

—— house, 132

—— tree, 133

Spatula clypeata, 245

Spinner, 181

Spoonbill, 226

Spotted crake, 277

—— eagle, 216

—— flycatcher, 116

—— redshank, 316

—— woodpecker, 181

Squacco heron, 226

Squatarola helvetica, 286

Starling, 154

Steller’s duck, 246

Stercorarius catarrhactes, 330

—— crepidatus, 333

—— parasiticus, 333

—— pomatorhinus, 333

Sterna cantiaca, 322

—— dougalli, 320

—— fluviatilis, 319

—— macrura, 317

—— minuta, 320

Stilt, black-winged, 316

Stint, American, 317

—— little, 302

—— Temminck’s, 303

Stock-dove, 261

Stonechat, 56

Stone-cracker, 54

Stone-curlew, 282

Stork, black, 226

—— white, 226

Stormcock, 39

Storm petrel, 334

Stormy petrel, 333

Strepsilus interpres, 292

Strix flammea, 193

Sturnus vulgaris, 154

Sula bassana, 221

Summer snipe, 309

—— teal, 243

Surf-scoter, 246

Surnia funeria, 199

—— ulula, 199

Swallow, 118

Swallow-tailed kite, 217

Swan, Bewick’s, 234

—— mute, 233

—— Polish, 233

—— whooper, 234

—— wild, 234

Swift, 178

—— black, 179

—— needle-tailed, 179

—— white-bellied, 179

Sylvia atricapilla, 67

—— cinerea, 64

—— curruca, 66

—— hortensis, 69

—— nisoria, 70

—— orphea, 70

Syrnium aluco, 198

Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 264

Tachybaptes fluviatilis, 344

Tadorna casarca, 236

—— cornuta, 235

Tangle-picker, 293

Tawny owl, 198

—— pipit, 113

Teal, 244

—— blue-winged, 244

—— cricket, 243

—— green-winged, 244

—— summer, 243

Temminck’s stint, 303

Tengmalm’s owl, 199

Tern, arctic, 317

—— black, 323

—— Caspian, 323

—— common, 319

—— gull-billed, 323

—— little, 320

—— roseate, 320

—— Sandwich, 322

—— sooty, 323

—— whiskered, 323

—— white-winged black, 323

Tetrao tetrix, 273

—— urogallus, 275

Thick-knee, 282

Throstle, 41

Thrush, black-throated, 51

—— missel, 39

—— rock, 52

—— song, 41

—— White’s, 52

Tinnunculus alaudarius, 212

—— cenchris, 217

—— vespertinus, 247

Titmouse, bearded, 89

—— blue, 97

—— coal, 94

—— crested, 98

—— great, 92

—— long-tailed, 90

—— marsh, 96

Totanus calidris, 310

—— canescens, 312

—— glareola, 316

Tree-creeper, 124

Tree-pipit, 110

Tree-sparrow, 133

Tringa alpina, 300

—— canutus, 304

—— minuta, 302

—— striata, 304

—— subarquata, 303

—— Temmincki, 303

Tringoïdes hypoleucus, 309

Troglodytes parvulus, 101

Tufted duck, 246

Turdus atrigularis, 52

—— iliacus, 45

—— merula, 47

—— musicus, 41

—— pilaris, 46

—— torquatus, 50

—— varius, 52

—— viscivorus, 39

Turnstone, 292

Turtle-dove, 262

Turtur communis, 262

Twite, 141

Two-barred crossbill, 145

Upupa epops, 190

Uria grylle, 350

Vanellus vulgaris, 290

Velvet scoter, 246, 254

Vulture, Egyptian, 216

—— griffon, 216

Wagtail, blue-headed yellow, 108

—— grey, 105

—— pied, 104

—— white, 108

—— yellow, 107

Warbler, aquatic, 82

—— barred, 70

—— Dartford, 70

—— garden, 69

—— grasshopper, 82

—— icterine, 79

—— marsh, 82

—— orphean, 70

—— reed, 79

—— Savi’s, 84

—— sedge, 79

—— willow, 76

—— yellow-browed, 79

Water-hen, 280

Water-ouzel, 86

Water-pipit, 113

Water-rail, 277

Waxwing, 114

Whaup, 315

Wheatear, 52

—— black-throated, 54

—— desert, 54

Wheelbird, 181

Whimbrel, 313

Whinchat, 54

Whiskered tern, 323

White-bellied swift, 179

White-eyed duck, 246

White-fronted goose, 230

White-spotted bluethroat, 59

White’s thrush, 52

White stork, 226

Whitetail, 54

White-tailed eagle, 205

Whitethroat, 64

—— greater, 65

—— lesser, 66

White wagtail, 108

White-winged black tern, 323

—— crossbill, 145

—— lark, 178

Whooper swan, 234

Wigeon, 237

—— American, 238

Wild duck, 239

—— swan, 234

Willow-warbler, 76

Willow-wren, 76

Wilson’s petrel, 336

Windhover, 212

Woodchat, 116

Woodcock, 296

Woodlark, 176

Wood-owl, 198

Woodpecker, barred, 183

—— green, 184

—— lesser spotted, 183

—— spotted, 181

Wood-pigeon, 258

Wood-sandpiper, 316

Wood-wren, 78

Wren, 101

—— furze, 70

—— golden-crested, 72

—— red-craking night, 84

—— willow, 76

—— wood, 78

Wryneck, 186

Xema sabinii, 330

Yaffle, 185

Yellow-billed cuckoo, 193

Yellow-browed warbler, 79

Yellow bunting, 148

Yellowhammer, 148

Yellow wagtail, 107

—— yoldring, 149

Printed at The Ballantyne Press Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. Ltd. Colchester, London & Eton, England