BOOK V. TABULATED HISTORY OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT.

ESTIMATE of VALUES of FOREIGN COINS.

Country. Monetary unit. Standard Value in United States money. Standard coin

Austria Florin Silver $0 40.6

Belgium Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.

Bolivia Boliviano Silver 82.3 Boliviano.

Brazil Milreis of 1,000 reis Gold 54.6

British Possessions in North America. Dollar do 1 00

Chili Peso Gold and silver 91.2 Condor, doubloon, and escudo.

Cuba do do 93.2 ¹⁄₁₆, ⅛, ¼, ½, and 1 doubloon.

Denmark Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.

Ecuador Peso Silver 82.3 Peso.

Egypt Piaster Gold 04.9 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 piasters.

France Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.

Great Britain Pound Sterling Gold 4 86.6½ ½ sovereign and sovereign.

Greece Drachma Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas.

German Empire Mark Gold 23.8 5, 10, and 20 marks.

Hayti Gourde Gold and silver 96.5 1, 2, 5, and 10 gourdes.

India Rupee of 16 annas Silver 39

Italy Lira Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire.

Japan Yen Silver 88.7 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen; gold and silver yen.

Liberia Dollar Gold 1 00

Mexico do Silver 89.4 Peso or dollar 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavo.

Netherlands Florin Gold and silver 40.2

Norway Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.

Peru Sol Silver 82.3 Sol.

Portugal Milreis of 1,000 reis Gold 1 08 2, 5, and 10 milreis.

Russia Rouble of 100 copecks Silver 65.8 ¼, ½, and 1 rouble.

Sandwich Islands Dollar Gold 1 00

Spain Peseta of 100 centimes Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 60, and 100 pesetas.

Sweden Crown Gold 26.8 10 and 20 crowns.

Switzerland Franc Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, and 20 francs.

Tripoli Mahbub of 20 piasters Silver 74.3

Turkey Piaster Gold 04.4 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 piasters.

United States of Colombia Peso Silver 82.3 Peso.

Venezuela Bolivar Gold and silver 19.3 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Bolivar.

5004

INTEREST LAWS OF ALL THE STATES AND TERRITORIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

STATES & TERRITORIES. PENALTY OF USURY. LEGAL. SPECIAL.

Alabama Loss of interest 8%

Arizona No penalty 10 No limit.

Arkansas Forfeiture of principal and interest 6 No limit.

California No penalty 10 No limit.

Colorado No penalty 10 No limit.

Connecticut Forfeiture of all interest 6 No limit.

Dakota Forfeiture of contract 7 18%

Delaware Forfeiture of contract 6 6

District of Columbia Forfeiture of all interest 6 10

Florida No penalty 8 No limit.

Georgia Forfeiture of excess 7 12

Idaho^[105] $300 fine, or imprisonment six months, or both 10 24

Illinois Forfeiture of all interest 6 8

Indiana Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10

Iowa Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10

Kansas Forfeiture of excess over 12% 7 12

Kentucky Forfeiture of all interest 6 8

Louisiana Forfeiture of interest 5 8

Maine No penalty 6 No limit.

Maryland Forfeiture of excess 6 6

Massachusetts No penalty; 6% on judgments 6 No limit.

Michigan Forfeiture of excess 7 10

Minnesota Forfeiture of excess over 7% 7 12

Mississippi No penalty 6 No limit.

Missouri Forfeiture of all interest 6 10

Montana No penalty 10

Nebraska Forfeiture of all interest and costs 10 12

Nevada No penalty 10 No limit.

New Hampshire Forfeit of three times interest received 6 6

New Jersey Forfeit of all interest 6 7

New Mexico No penalty 6 12

New York^[106] Forfeiture of contract 7 7

North Carolina Forfeiture of double amount of principal, and $1,000 fine 6% 8%

Ohio Forfeiture of excess 6 8

Oregon Forfeiture of principal, interest and costs 10 12

Pennsylvania Forfeiture of excess, Act of 1858 6 6

Rhode Island^[107] Forfeiture, unless by contract 6 No limit.

South Carolina No penalty 7 No limit.

Tennessee Forfeiture of over 6%, and $100 fine 6 10

Texas No penalty 8 12

Utah No penalty 10 7

Vermont Forfeit of excess on Railroad Bonds only 6

Virginia Forfeit of excess. No corporation can plead usury 6 No limit.

Washington Territory No penalty 10 6

West Virginia Forfeit of excess 6 6

Wisconsin Forfeit of all interest 7 10

Wyoming Territory No penalty 10 No limit.

AGGREGATE ISSUES OF PAPER MONEY IN WAR TIMES.

The following table exhibits the amount per capita issued of the Continental money, the French assignats, the Confederate currency, and the legal-tender greenbacks and National bank notes of the United States.

POPULATION. AMOUNT ISSUED. AMOUNT PER HEAD.

Continental money 3,000,000 in 1780. $359,546,825 $119.84

French assignats 26,500,000 (France in 1790). 9,115,600,000 343.98

Confederate currency 9,103,332 (11 Confederate States, 1860). 654,465,963 71.89

Greenbacks and National bank notes 31,443,321 (United States in 1860). 750,820,228 23.87

Highest amount in circulation, Jan. ’66 750,820,228

5005

ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS

CANDIDATES. Maine N. Hamp. Vermont Mass. R. Island Conn. N. York N. Jersey Penna. Delaware Maryland Virginia N. C. S. C. Georgia Alabama Miss. Louisiana Tenn. Kentucky Ohio Indiana Illinois Missouri Arkansas Michigan W. Va. Florida Texas Iowa Wis. Minn. Nebraska Kansas Colorado Nevada Oregon Cal. Total.

1788 Washington, Va. (Fed.) 5 10 7 6 10 3 6 10 7 5 69

John Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 5 10 5 1 8 5 34

Scattering 2 5 2 3 6 5 7 5 35

1792 Washington, Va. (Fed.) 6 4 16 4 9 12 7 15 3 8 21 12 7 4 4 132

John Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 6 4 16 4 9 7 14 3 8 6 77

George Clinton, N. Y. (Rep.) 12 1 21 12 sc 4 sc 50

1796 Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 6 4 16 4 9 12 7 1 3 7 1 1 71

Jefferson, Va. (Rep.) 14 4 20 11 8 4 3 4 68

Pinckney, S. C. (Fed) 4 13 4 12 7 2 3 4 1 1 8 59

Burr. N. Y. (Rep.) 13 3 1 6 3 4 30

Scattering 6 3 4 5 2 19 5 4 48

1800 Jefferson, Va. (Rep.) 12 6 5 21 8 8 4 5 4 73

Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 6 4 16 4 9 7 7 3 5 4 65

Burr, N.Y. (Rep.) sc 12 8 5 21 8 8 4 3 4 73

Pinckney, S. C. (Rep.) 6 4 16 3 9 7 7 3 5 4 64

1804 Pres. Jefferson, Va. (Rep.) 7 6 19 4 19 8 20 9 24 14 10 6 5 8 3 162

Pinckney, S. C. (Fed.) 9 3 2 14

Vice-Pres. Clinton, N. Y. (Rep.) 7 6 19 4 19 8 20 9 24 14 10 6 5 8 3 162

King, N. Y. (Fed.) 9 3 2 14

1808 Pres. Madison, Va. (Rep.) 6 13 8 20 9 24 11 10 6 5 7 3 122

Pinckney, S. C. (Fed.) 7 19 4 9 sc 3 2 3 47

Vice-Pres. Clinton, N. Y. (Rep.) 13 8 20 9 24 11 10 6 5 7 sc 113

King, N. Y. (Fed.) 7 sc 19 4 9 sc 3 2 3 47

1812 Pres. Madison, Va. (Rep.) 8 25 6 25 15 11 8 3 8 12 7 128

De Witt Clinton, N. Y. (Cl. Dem.) 8 22 4 9 29 8 4 5 89

Vice-Pres. Gerry, Mass. (Rep.) 1 8 2 25 6 25 15 11 8 3 8 12 7 131

Ingersoll, Pa. (Cl. Dem) 7 20 4 9 29 8 4 5 86

1816 Pres. Monroe, Va. (Dem.) 8 8 4 29 8 25 8 25 15 11 8 3 8 12 8 3 183

King, N. Y. (Fed.) 22 9 3 34

Vice-Pres. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. (Dem.) 8 8 sc 4 sc 29 8 25 sc 8 25 15 11 8 3 8 12 8 3 183

5006_

1820 Pres. James Monroe, Va. (Dem.) 9 7 sc 8 15 4 9 29 8 25 4 11 25 15 11 8 3 3 3 8 12 8 3 3 231

Vice-Pres. Daniel D. Tompkins, N. Y. (Dem.) 9 7 sc 8 7 sc 4 9 29 8 25 sc 10 s 25 15 11 8 3 3 3 8 12 8 3 3 218

1824 Pres. Jackson, Tenn. (Dem.) 1 8 28 7 15 11 5 3 3 11 5 2 99

John Q. Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 9 8 7 15 4 8 26 1 3 2 1 84

Crawford, Ga. (Dem.) 5 2 1 24 9 2 1 41

Clay, Ky. (Whig) 8 4 14 16 3 37

Vice-Pres. Calhoun, S. C. (Dem.) 9 7 7 15 3 29 8 28 1 10 15 11 5 3 5 11 7 5 3 183

Sanford, N. Y sc sc 7 sc sc sc sc 7 16 sc 30

Vote House Rep. States Adams (Fed.) 7 6 5 12 2 6 18 1 1 5 1 1 3 2 8 10 1 13

Jackson (Dem.) 2 5 25 3 1 2 9 1 1 9 4 2 3 1 7

Crawford (Dem.) 1 14 1 1 12 10 7 2 4

1828 Pres. Jackson, Tenn. (Dem.) 1 20 28 5 24 15 11 9 5 3 5 11 14 16 5 3 3 178

Adams, Mass. (Fed.) 8 8 7 15 4 8 16 8 3 6 83

Vice-Pres. J. C. Calhoun, S. C. (Dem.) 1 20 28 5 24 15 11 2 5 3 5 11 14 16 5 3 3 171

Rush, Pa. (Fed.) 8 8 7 15 4 8 16 8 3 6 83

Smith, S. C. 7

1832 Pres. Jackson, Tenn. (Dem.) 10 7 42 8 30 3 23 15 sc 11 7 4 5 15 21 9 5 4 219

Clay, Ky. (Whig.) sc 14 4 8 3 5 15 49

Vice-Pres. Van Buren, N. Y. (Dem.) 10 7 42 8 3 23 15 11 7 4 5 15 21 9 5 4 189

Sergeant, Pa. (Whig.) sc 14 4 8 sc 3 5 sc 15 49

1836 Pres. Van Buren, N. Y. (Dem.) 10 7 4 8 42 30 23 15 sc 7 4 5 sc 5 4 3 3 170

Harrison, Ohio (Whig) 7 sc 8 3 10 15 21 9 73

Vice-Pres. Johnson, Ky. (Dem.) 10 7 4 8 42 30 15 7 4 5 5 4 3 3 147

Francis Granger, N. Y. (Whig) 7 14 8 3 sc sc sc sc 15 21 9 77

1840 Pres. Harrison, Ohio (Whig) 10 7 14 4 8 42 8 30 3 10 15 11 4 5 15 15 21 9 3 234

Van Buren, N. Y. (Dem.) 7 23 11 7 5 4 3 60

Vice-Pres. Tyler, Va. (Whig) 10 7 14 4 8 42 8 30 3 10 15 11 4 5 17 15 21 9 3 234

Johnson, Ky. (Dem.) 23 sc 7 5 4 3 48

1844 Pres. Polk, Tenn. (Dem.) 9 6 36 26 17 9 10 9 6 6 12 9 7 3 5 170

Clay, Ky. (Whig) 6 12 4 6 7 3 8 11 13 12 23 105

Vice-Pres. Dallas, Pa. (Dem.) 9 6 36 26 17 9 10 9 6 6 12 9 7 3 5 170

Frelinghuysen, N. Y. (Whig) 6 12 4 6 7 3 8 11 13 12 23 105

1848 Pres. Taylor, La. (Whig) 6 12 4 6 7 26 8 11 10 6 13 12 3 163

Cass, Mich. (Dem.) 9 6 17 9 9 6 23 12 9 7 3 5 4 4 4 127

Vice-Pres. Fillmore N. Y. (Whig) 6 12 4 6 36 7 26 3 8 11 10 6 13 12 3 163

Butler, Ky. (Dem.) 9 6 17 9 9 6 23 12 9 7 3 5 4 4 4 127

1852 Pres. Pierce, N. H. (Dem.) 8 5 4 6 35 7 27 3 8 15 10 8 10 9 7 6 23 13 11 9 4 6 3 4 4 5 254

Scott, Va. (Whig) 5 13 12 12 42

Vice-Pres. King, Ala. (Dem.) 8 5 4 6 35 7 27 3 8 15 10 8 10 9 7 6 23 13 11 9 4 6 3 4 4 5 254

Graham, N. C. (Whig) 5 13 12 12 42

1856 Pres. Buchanan, Pa. (Dem.) 7 27 3 15 10 8 10 9 7 6 12 12 13 11 9 4 3 4 4 174

J. C. Fremont, N. Y. (Rep.) 8 5 5 13 4 6 35 23 6 4 5 114

Fillmore, N. Y. (Am.) 8 8

Vice-Pres. Breckinridge, Ky. (Dem.) 7 27 3 15 10 8 10 9 7 6 12 12 13 11 9 4 3 4 4 174

Dayton, Ohio (Rep.) 8 5 5 13 4 6 35 23 6 4 5 114

Donnelson, Tenn. (Am.) 8 8

1860 Pres. Lincoln, Ill. (Rep) 8 5 5 13 4 6 35 4 27 23 13 11 6 4 5 4 3 4 180

Breckinridge, Ky. (Dem.) 3 8 10 8 10 9 7 6 4 3 4 72

Bell, Tenn. (Am.) 15 12 12 39

Douglas, Ill. (Dem.) 3 9 12

Vice-Pres. Hamlin, Me. (Rep.) 8 5 5 13 4 6 35 4 27 23 13 11 6 4 5 4 3 4 180

Lane, Oregon (Dem.) 3 8 10 8 10 9 7 6 4 3 4 72

Everett, Mass. (Am.) 15 12 12 39

Johnson, Geo. (Dem.) 3 9 12

1864 Pres. Lincoln, Ill. (Rep.) 7 5 5 12 4 6 33 26 7 21 13 16 11 8 5 8 8 4 3 2 3 5 212

J McClellan, N. J. (Dem.) 7 3 11 21

Vacancies. Seceded States 10 9 6 9 8 7 7 10 5 3 6 8 1 81

Vice-Pres. Johnson, Tenn. (Rep.) 7 5 5 12 4 6 33 26 7 21 13 16 11 8 5 8 4 3 2 3 5 212

Pendleton, Ohio (Dem.) 7 3 11 21

Vacancies 10 9 6 9 8 7 7 10 5 3 6 1 81

1868 Pres. Grant, Ill. (Rep.) 7 5 5 2 4 6 26 9 6 8 10 21 13 16 11 5 8 5 3 8 8 4 3 3 3 5 214

Seymour, N. Y. (Dem.) 33 7 3 7 9 7 11 3 80

Vacancies 10 7 6 23

Vice-Pres. Colfax Ind. (Rep.) 7 5 5 12 4 6 26 9 6 8 10 21 13 16 11 5 8 5 3 8 8 4 3 3 3 5 214

Blair, Me. (Dem.) 33 7 3 7 9 7 11 3 80

Vacancies 10 7 6 23

1872 Pres. Grant, Ill. (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 6 35 9 29 3 11 10 7 10 8 22 15 21 6 11 5 4 11 10 5 3 5 3 3 286

Hendricks, Ind. (Dem.) 8 12 8 6 8 42

Brown, Mo. (Lib. Rep.) 10 6 4 8 18

Perkins, Ga. (Dem.) 2 2

Davis, Ill. (Lib. Rep.) 1 1

Not counted 3 8 6 17

Horace Greeley, N. Y. (Lib. Rep.) died before meeting of electoral college

Vice-Pres. Wilson, Mass. (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 6 35 9 29 3 11 10 7 10 8 22 15 21 6 11 5 4 11 10 5 3 5 3 3 286

Brown, Mo. (Lib. Rep.) 8 5 12 8 6 8 47

Julian, Ind. (Dem.) 5 5

Colquitt, Ga. (Dem.) 5 5 5

Palmer, Ill. (Dem.) 3 3

Bramlette, Ky. (Dem.) 3 3

Groesbeck, Ohio (Dem.) 1 1

Macken, Ky. (Dem.) 1 1

Banks, Mass. (Lib. Rep.) 1 1

Not counted 6 8 14

1876 Pres. Hayes, Ohio (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 29 7 8 22 21 11 4 11 10 5 3 5 3 3 3 6 185

Tilden, N. Y. (Dem.) 6 35 9 3 8 11 10 11 10 8 12 12 15 15 6 5 8 184

Vice-Pres. Wheeler, N. Y. (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 29 7 22 21 11 4 11 10 5 3 5 3 3 3 6 185

Hendricks, Ind. (Dem.) 6 35 9 3 8 11 10 11 10 8 12 12 15 15 6 5 8 184

1880 Pres. Garfield, Ohio (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 6 35 29 22 15 21 11 4 11 3 5 3 5 3 3 1 214

Hancock, N. Y. (Dem.) 9 3 8 11 10 7 11 10 8 8 12 12 15 5 8 10 3 5 155

Weaver, Iowa (Gr.)

Vice-Pres. Arthur, N. Y. (Rep.) 7 5 5 13 4 6 35 29 22 15 21 11 4 11 3 5 3 5 3 3 1 214

English, Ind. (Dem.) 9 3 8 11 10 7 11 10 8 8 12 12 15 5 8 10 3 155

Chambers, Tex. (Gr.)

1884 Pres. Cleveland, N. Y. (Dem.) 6 36 9 3 8 12 11 9 12 10 9 8 12 13 15 16 7 6 4 13 219

Blaine, Me. (Rep.) 6 4 4 14 4 30 23 22 13 13 11 7 5 9 3 3 3 8 182

1888 Pres. Harrison, Ind. (Rep.) 6 4 4 14 4 36 30 23 15 22 13 13 11 7 5 9 3 3 3 8 233

Cleveland, N. Y. (Dem.) 6 9 3 8 12 11 9 12 10 9 8 12 13 16 7 6 4 13 168

5009

STATES AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS.

States and Territories. Area in sq. miles. Capitals. Governor’s salary.

Alabama 50,722 Montgomery $4,000

Alaska Territory 577,380 Sitka

Arizona Territory 113,916 Tucson 2,600

Arkansas 52,198 Little Rock 5,000

California 188,981 Sacramento 7,000

Colorado 104,500 Denver

Connecticut 4,750 Hartford 2,000

Dakota, North } 15,200 Bismarck 3,000

Dakota, South } Pierre 2,500

Delaware 2,120 Dover 2,000

District of Columbia 60 Washington

Florida 59,248 Tallahassee 5,000

Georgia 58,000 Atlanta 4,000

Idaho 90,932 Boise City

Illinois 55,410 Springfield 6,000

Indian Territory 68,091 Tahlequah 1,000

Iowa 55,045 Des Moines 2,500

Kansas 88,318 Topeka 3,000

Kentucky 37,680 Frankfort 5,000

Louisiana 41,346 Baton Rouge 7,000

Maine 35,000 Augusta 2,500

Maryland 11,124 Annapolis 4,500

Massachusetts 7,800 Boston 5,000

Michigan 56,451 Lansing 1,000

Minnesota 83,531 St. Paul 3,000

Mississippi 47,156 Jackson 3,000

Missouri 65,350 Jefferson City 5,000

Montana 143,776 Helena 5,000

Nebraska 75,995 Lincoln 1,000

Nevada 81,539 Carson City 6,000

New Hampshire 9,280 Concord 1,000

New Jersey 8,320 Trenton 10,000

New Mexico Territory 121,201 Santa Fe

New York 47,000 Albany 10,000

North Carolina 50,704 Raleigh 5,000

Ohio 39,964 Columbus 4,000

Oregon 95,274 Salem 1,500

Pennsylvania 46,000 Harrisburg 10,000

Rhode Island 1,306 Newport and Providence 1,000

South Carolina 34,000 Columbia 4,000

Tennessee 45,000 Nashville 3,000

Texas 274,356 Austin 5,000

Utah Territory 88,056 Salt Lake City 2,600

Vermont 10,212 Montpelier 1,000

Virginia 38,352 Richmond 5,000

Washington 69,994 Olympia 4,000

West Virginia 23,000 Wheeling 2,700

Wisconsin 53,924 Madison 5,000

Wyoming 85,000 Cheyenne 2,600

States and Territories. Legislatures meet. Time of Election in each State.

Alabama 2d Monday November 1st Monday August

Alaska Territory

Arizona Territory January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Arkansas Tuesday after 2d Mon. November 1st Monday September

California 1st Monday December Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Colorado 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Connecticut Wednesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Dakota, North } 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Dakota, South } 1st Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Delaware 1st Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

District of Columbia

Florida Tuesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Georgia 2d Wednesday January 1st Wednesday October

Idaho

Illinois Wednesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Indiana 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Indian Territory

Iowa 2d Monday January 2d Tuesday October

Kansas 2d Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Kentucky 1st Monday December 1st Monday August

Louisiana 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Maine 1st Wednesday January 2d Monday September

Maryland 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Massachusetts 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Michigan 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Minnesota Tuesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Mississippi 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Missouri Last Monday December Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Montana 1st Monday January

Nebraska Tuesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Nevada 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

New Hampshire 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

New Jersey Monday before 3d Tues. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

New Mexico Territory

New York 1st Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

North Carolina Wednesday after 1st Mon. January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Ohio 2d Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Oregon 2d Monday September 1st Monday June

Pennsylvania 1st Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Rhode Island May and January 1st Wednesday April

South Carolina 4th Tuesday November Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Tennessee 1st Monday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Texas 2d Tuesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Utah Territory

Vermont 1st Wednesday October 1st Tuesday September

Virginia 1st Monday December Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Washington

West Virginia 1st Monday December Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Wisconsin 1st Wednesday January Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

Wyoming Tuesday after 1st Mon. November

5010

THE CUSTOMS TARIFF OF GREAT BRITAIN.

No protective duties are now levied on goods imported, Customs duties being charged solely for the sake of revenue. Formerly the articles subject to duty numbered nearly a thousand; now they are only twenty-two, the chief being tobacco, spirits, tea, and wine. The following is a complete list:

Articles. Duty.

£ s. d.

Ale or beer, spec. gravity not exceeding 1065°, per bbl. 0 8 0

Ale or beer, spec. gravity not exceeding 1090°, per bbl. 0 11 0

Ale or beer, spec. gravity exceeding 1090°, per bbl. 0 16 0

Beer, Mum, per bbl. 1 1 0

Beer, spruce, spec. gravity not exceeding 1190°, per bbl. 1 1 0

Beer, spruce, exceeding 1190°, per barrel 1 4 0

Cards, playing, per doz. packs 0 3 9

Chicory (raw or kiln-dried), cwt. 0 13 3

Chicory (roasted or ground), lb. 0 0 2

Chloral hydrate, pound 0 1 3

Chloroform, pound 0 3 0

Cocoa, pound 0 0 1

Cocoa, cwt., husks and shells 0 2 0

Cocoa paste and chocolate, pound 0 0 2

Coffee, raw, cwt. 0 14 0

Coffee, kiln-dried, roasted or ground, per pound 0 0 2

Collodion, gallon 0 1 4

Essence of spruce, 10 per cent. ad valorem Ethyl, iodide of, gallon 0 13 0

Ether, gallon 0 1 5

Fruit, dried, cwt. 0 7 0

Malt, per quarter 1 4 9

Naphtha, purified, gallon 0 10 5

Pickles, in vinegar, gallon 0 0 1

Plate, gold, ounce 0 17 0

Plate, silver, ounce 0 1 6

Spirits, brandy, Geneva, rum, etc., gallon 0 10 5

Spirits, rum, from British Colonies, gallon 0 10 2

Spirits, cologne water, gallon 0 16 6

Tea, pound 0 0 6

Tobacco, unmanufactured, lb. 0 3 1¾

Tobacco, containing less than ten per ct. of moisture, lb. 0 3 6

Cavendish or Negro head 0 4 6

Other manufactured tobacco 0 4 0

Snuff, containing more than 13 per cent. of moisture, lb. 0 3 9

Snuff, less than 13 per cent. of moisture, lb. 0 4 6

Tobacco, cigars, pound 0 5 0

Varnish, containing alcohol, gallon 0 12 0

Vinegar, gallon 0 0 3

Wine, containing less than 26° proof spirit, gallon 0 1 0

Wine, containing more than 26° and less than 42 spirit, gallon 0 2 6

Wine, for each additional degree of strength beyond 42°, gallon 0 0 3

PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.

PRESIDENTS. VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Term Name. Qualified. Name. Qualified.

^[108]1 George Washington April 30, 1789 John Adams June 3, 1789

2 „ „ March 4, 1793 „ „ Dec. 2, 1793

3 John Adams March 4, 1797 Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1797

4 Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1801 Aaron Burr March 4, 1801

5 „ „ March 4, 1805 George Clinton March 4, 1805

6 James Madison March 4, 1809 „ „ March 4, 1809

7 „ „ March 4, 1813 Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813

John Gaillard Nov. 25, 1814

8 James Monroe March 4, 1817 Daniel D. Tompkins March 4, 1817

9 „ „ March 5, 1821 „ „ March 5, 1821

10 John Q. Adams March 4, 1825 John C. Calhoun March 4, 1825

11 Andrew Jackson March 4, 1829 „ „ March 4, 1829

12 „ „ March 4, 1833 Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833

13 Martin Van Buren March 4, 1837 Richard M. Johnson March 4, 1837

14 Wm. H. Harrison March 4, 1841 John Tyler March 4, 1841

14a John Tyler April 6, 1841 ^[109]Samuel L. Southard Apr. 6, 1841

^[109]Willie P. Mangum May 31, 1842

15 James K. Polk March 4, 1845 George M. Dallas March 4, 1845

16 Zachary Taylor March 5, 1849 Millard Fillmore March 5, 1849

16a Millard Fillmore July 10, 1850 ^[109]William R. King July 11, 1850

17 Franklin Pierce March 4, 1853 William R. King March 4, 1853

^[109]David R. Atchison Apr. 18, 1853

^[109]Jesse D. Bright Dec. 5, 1854

18 James Buchanan March 4, 1857 John C. Breckinridge Mar. 4, 1857

19 Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861 Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861

20 „ „ March 4, 1865 Andrew Johnson March 4, 1865

20a Andrew Johnson April 15, 1865 ^[109]Lafayette S. Foster Apr. 15, 1865

^[109]Benjamin F. Wade March 2, 1867

21 Ulysses S. Grant March 4, 1869 Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869

22 „ „ March 4, 1873 Henry Wilson March 4, 1873

^[109]Thomas W. Ferry Nov. 22, 1875

23 Rutherford B. Hayes Mar. 5, 1877 William A. Wheeler March 5, 1877

24 James A. Garfield March 4, 1881 Chester A. Arthur March 4, 1881

24a Chester A. Arthur Oct. 20, 1881 ^[109]Thomas F. Bayard Oct. 12, 1881

^[109]David Davis Oct. 13, 1881

25 Grover Cleveland March 4, 1885 Thomas A. Hendricks March 4, 1885

^[109]John Sherman Dec. 1885

26 Benjamin Harrison March 4, 1889 Levi P. Morton March 4, 1889

5011

SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, 1789–1888.

Year. Number of States. Total Elect Vote. Party. Candidates. States. Popular Vote. Elect. Vote.

1789 10 73 George Washington 63

John Adams 24

John Jay 9

R. R. Harrison 6

John Rutledge 6

John Hancock 4

George Clinton 3

Samuel Huntington 2

John Milton 2

Benjamin Lincoln 1

James Armstrong 1

Edward Telfair 1

Vacancies 4

1792 15 135 Federalist George Washington 132

Federalist John Adams 77

Republican George Clinton 50

Republican Thomas Jefferson 4

Republican Aaron Burr 1

Vacancies 3

1796 16 138 Federalist John Adams 71

Republican Thomas Jefferson 68

Federalist Thomas Pinckney 59

Republican Aaron Burr 30

Samuel Adams 15

Oliver Ellsworth 11

George Clinton 7

John Jay 5

James Iredell 3

George Washington 2

John Henry 2

S. Johnson 2

Charles C. Pinckney 1

1800 16 138 Republican Thomas Jefferson 73

Republican Aaron Burr 73

Federalist John Adams 65

Federalist Charles C. Pinckney 64

Federalist John Jay 1

Year. Number of States. Total Elect. Vote. Party. For President. States. Popular Vote. Elect. Vote. For Vice-President. Elect. Vote.

1804 21 176 Republican Thomas Jefferson 15 162 George Clinton 162

Federalist Chas. C. Pinckney 2 14 Rufus King 14

1808 17 176 Republican James Madison 12 122 George Clinton 113

Republican George Clinton 6 James Madison 3

Federalist Chas. C. Pinckney 5 47 Rufus King 47

John Langdon 9

James Monroe 3

Vacancy 1 1

1812 18 218 Republican James Madison 11 128 Elbridge Gerry 131

Federalist De Witt Clinton 7 89 Jared Ingersoll 86

Vacancy 1 1

1816 19 221 Republican James Monroe 16 183 D. D. Tompkins 183

Federalist Rufus King 3 34 John E. Howard 22

James Ross 5

John Marshall 4

Robt. G. Harper 3

Vacancies 4 4

1820 24 235 Republican James Monroe 24 231 D. D. Tompkins 218

John Q. Adams 1 Rich. Stockton 8

Daniel Rodney 4

Robt. G. Harper 1

Richard Rush 1

Vacancies 3 3

1824 24 261 Republican Andrew Jackson 10 155,872 99 John C. Calhoun 182

Republican John Q. Adams 8 105,321 84 Nathan Sanford 30

Republican Wm. H. Crawford 3 44,282 41 Nathaniel Macon 24

Republican Henry Clay 3 46,587 27 Andrew Jackson 13

M. Van Buren 9

Henry Clay 2

Vacancy 1

5012

1828 24 261 Democratic Andrew Jackson 15 647,231 178 John C. Calhoun 171

Nat. John Q. Adams 9 509,097 83 Richard Rush 83

Republican

William Smith 7

1832 24 288 Democratic Andrew Jackson 15 687,502 219 M. Van Buren 189

Nat. Henry Clay 7 530,189 49 John Sergeant 49

Republican

Anti-Mason William Wirt 1 33,108 7 Amos Ellmaker 7

John Floyd 1 11 Henry Lee 11

William Wilkins 30

Vacancies 2 2

1836 26 294 Democratic Martin Van Buren 15 761,549 170 R. M. Johnson 147

Whig Wm. H. Harrison 7 736,656 73 Francis Granger 77

Hugh L. White 2 26 John Tyler 47

Daniel Webster 1 14 William Smith 23

W. P. Mangum 1 11

1840 26 294 Whig Wm. H. Harrison 19 1,275,017 234 John Tyler 234

Democratic Martin Van Buren 7 1,128,702 60 R. M. Johnson 48

Liberty James G. Birney 7,059

L. W. Tazewell 11

James K. Polk 1

1844 26 275 Democratic James K. Polk 15 1,337,243 170 Geo. M. Dallas 170

Whig Henry Clay 11 1,299,068 105 T. Frelinghuysen 105

Liberty James G. Birney 62,300

1848 30 290 Whig Zachary Taylor 15 1,360,101 163 Millard Fillmore 163

Democratic Lewis Cass 15 1,220,544 127 Wm. O. Butler 127

Free Soil Martin Van Buren 291,263 Chas. F. Adams

1852 31 296 Democratic Franklin Pierce 27 1,601,474 254 Wm. R. King 254

Whig Winfield Scott 4 1,386,578 42 Wm. A. Graham 42

Free Democracy John P. Hale 156,149 Geo. W. Julian

1856 31 296 Democratic James Buchanan 19 1,838,169 174 J. C. Breckinridge 174

Republican John C. Fremont 11 1,341,264 114 Wm. L. Dayton 114

American Millard Fillmore 1 874,534 8 A. J. Donelson 8

1860 33 303 Republican Abraham Lincoln 17 1,866,352 180 Hannibal Hamlin 180

Democratic J. C. Breckinridge 11 845,763 72 Joseph Lane 72

Democratic S. A. Douglas 2 1,375,157 12 H. V. Johnson 12

“Const. Union” John Bell 3 589,581 39 Edward Everett 39

1864 36 314 Republican Abraham Lincoln 22 2,216,067 212 Andrew Johnson 212

Democratic Geo. B. McClellan 3 1,808,725 21 Geo. H. Pendleton 21

Vacancies^[110] 11 81 81

1868 37 317 Republican Ulysses S. Grant 26 3,015,071 214 Schuyler Colfax 214

Democratic Horatio Seymour 8 2,709,613 80 F. P. Blair, Jr 80

Vacancies^[111] 3 23 23

1872 37 366 Republican Ulysses S. Grant 31 3,597,070 286 Henry Wilson 286

Dem. and Lib. Rep. Horace Greeley 6 2,834,079 B. Gratz Brown 47

Democratic Chas. O’Conor 29,408 John Q. Adams

Temperance James Black 5,608 A. H. Colquite 5

T. A. Hendricks 42 Iohn M. Palmer 3

B. Gratz Brown 18 Geo. W. Julian 5

David Davis 1 W. S. Groesbeck 1

Willis B. Machen 1

N. P. Banks 1

Not counted^[112] 17 14

1876 38 369 Republican R. B. Hayes 21 4,033,950 185 Wm. A. Wheeler 185

Democratic S. J. Tilden 17 4,284,885 184 T. A. Hendricks 184

“Greenback” Peter Cooper 81,740 S. F. Cary

“Prohibition” Green C. Smith 9,522 R. T. Stewart

1880 38 369 Republican James A. Garfield 19 4,442,950 214 Chester A. Arthur 214

Democratic W. S. Hancock 19 4,442,035 155 Wm. H. English 155

“Greenback” James B. Weaver 306,867 B. J. Chambers

Scattering 12,576

1884 38 401 Democratic Grover Cleveland 20 4,911,017 219 T. A. Hendricks 219

Republican James G. Blaine 18 4,848,334 182 John A. Logan 182

Prohibition John P. St. John 151,809 William Daniel

Greenback Benj. F. Butler 133,825 A. M. West

Scattering 11,362

1888 38 401 Republican Benjamin Harrison 20 5,438,157 233 Levi P. Morton 233

Democratic Grover Cleveland 18 5,535,626 168 Allan G. Thurman 168

Prohibition Clinton B. Fisk 250,157 John A. Brooks

Labor R. H. Cowdrey 150,624 W. Wakefield

5013

CABINET OFFICERS OF THE ADMINISTRATIONS.

George Washington, President.

I. and II.; 1789–1797.

Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, September 26th, 1789; Edmund Randolph, Virginia, January 2d, 1794; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, December 10th, 1795. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, New York, September 11th, 1789; Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut February 2d, 1795. Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Massachusetts, September 12th, 1789; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, January 2d, 1795; James McHenry, Maryland, January 27th, 1796. Attorney-General, Edmund Randolph, Virginia, September 26th, 1789; William Bradford, Pennsylvania, January 27th, 1794; Charles Lee, Virginia, December 10th, 1795. Postmaster-General,^[113] Samuel Osgood, Massachusetts, September 26th, 1789; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, August 12th, 1791; Joseph Habersham, Georgia, February 25th, 1795.

John Adams, President.

III.; 1797–1801.

Secretary of State, Timothy Pickering, continued; John Marshall, Virginia, May 13th, 1800. Secretary of Treasury, Oliver Wolcott, continued; Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, January 1st, 1801. Secretary of War, James McHenry, continued; Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, May 13th, 1800; Roger Griswold, Connecticut, February 3d, 1801. Secretary of Navy,^[114] George Cabot, Massachusetts, May 3d, 1798; Benjamin Stoddert, Maryland, May 21st, 1798. Attorney-General, Charles Lee, continued; Theophilus Parsons, Massachusetts, February 20th, 1801. Postmaster-General, Joseph Habersham, continued.

Thomas Jefferson, President.

IV. and V.; 1801–1809.

Secretary of State, James Madison, Virginia, March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel Dexter, continued; Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, May 14th, 1801. Secretary of War, Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Navy, Benjamin Stoddert, continued; Robert Smith, Maryland, July 15th, 1801; Jacob Crowninshield, Massachusetts, May, 3d, 1805. Attorney-General, Levi Lincoln, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1801; Robert Smith, Maryland, March 3d, 1805; John Breckinridge, Kentucky, August 7th, 1805; Cæsar A. Rodney, Pennsylvania, January 20th, 1807. Postmaster-General, Joseph Habersham, continued; Gideon Granger, Connecticut, November 28th, 1801.

James Madison, President.

VI. and VII.; 1809–1817.

Secretary of State, Robert Smith, Maryland, March 6th, 1809; James Monroe, Virginia, April 2d, 1811. Secretary of Treasury, Albert Gallatin, continued; George W. Campbell, Tennessee, February 9th, 1814; A. J. Dallas, Pennsylvania, October 6th, 1814; William H. Crawford, Georgia, October 22d, 1816. Secretary of War, William Eustis, Massachusetts, March 7th, 1809; John Armstrong, New York, January 13th, 1813; James Monroe, Virginia, September 27th, 1814; William H. Crawford, Georgia, August 1st, 1815. Secretary of Navy, Paul Hamilton, South Carolina, March 7th. 1809; William Jones, Pennsylvania, January 12th, 1813; B. W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts, December 19th, 1814. Attorney-General, C. A. Rodney, continued; William Pinckney, Maryland, December 11th, 1811; Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, February 10th, 1814. Postmaster-General, Gideon Granger, continued; Return J. Meigs, Ohio, March 17th, 1814.

James Monroe, President.

VIII. and IX.; 1817–1825.

Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1817. Secretary of Treasury, William H. Crawford, continued. Secretary of War, George Graham, Virginia, April 7th, 1817; John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, October 8th, 1817. Secretary of Navy, B. W. Crowninshield, continued; Smith Thompson, New York, November 9th, 1818; John Rogers, Massachusetts, September 1st, 1823; Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, September 16th, 1823. Attorney-General, Richard Rush, continued; William Wirt, Virginia, November 13th, 1817. Postmaster-General, R. J. Meigs, continued; John McLean, Ohio, June 26th, 1823.

John Quincy Adams, President.

X.; 1825–1829.

Secretary of State, Henry Clay, Kentucky, March 7th, 1825. Secretary of Treasury, Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, March 7th, 1825. Secretary of War, James Barbour, Virginia, March 7th, 1825; Peter B. Porter, New York, May 26th 1828. Secretary of Navy, S. L. Southard, continued. Attorney-General, William Wirt, continued. Postmaster-General, John McLean, continued.

Andrew Jackson, President.

XI. and XII.; 1829–1837.

Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren, New York, March 6th, 1829; Edward Livingston, Louisiana, May 24th, 1831; Louis McLane, Delaware, May 29th, 1833; John Forsyth, Georgia, June 27th, 1834. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1829; Louis McLane, Delaware, August 8th, 1831; William J. Duane, Pennsylvania, May 29th, 1833; Roger B. Taney, Maryland, September 23d, 1833; Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, June 27th, 1834. Secretary of War, John H. Eaton, Tennessee, March 9th, 1829; Lewis Cass, Michigan, August 1st, 1831; Benjamin F. Butler, New York, March 3d, 1837. Secretary of Navy, John Branch, North Carolina, March 9th, 1829; Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, May 23d, 1831; Mahlon Dickerson, New Jersey, June 30th, 1834. Attorney-General, John M. Berrien, Georgia, March 9th, 1829; Roger B. Taney, Maryland, July 20th, 1831; Benjamin F. Butler, New York, November 15th, 1833. Postmaster-General, William T. Barry, Kentucky, March 9th, 1829; Amos Kendall, Kentucky, May 1st, 1835.

Martin Van Buren, President.

XIII.; 1837–1841.

Secretary of State, John Forsyth, continued. Secretary of Treasury, Levi Woodbury, continued. Secretary of War, Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina, March 7th, 1837. Secretary of Navy, Mahlon Dickerson, continued; James K. Paulding, New York, June 25th, 1838. Attorney-General, Benjamin F. Butler; Felix Grundy, Tennessee, July 5th, 1838; Henry D. Gilpin, Pennsylvania, January 11th, 1810. Postmaster-General, Amos Kendall, continued; John M. Niles, Connecticut, May 19th, 1840.

Wm. H. Harrison and John Tyler, Presidents.

XIV.; 1841–1845.

Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1841; Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, May 9th, 1843; A. P. Upshur, Virginia, July 24th, 1843; John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 6th, 1844. Secretary of Treasury, Thomas Ewing, Ohio, March 5th, 1841; Walter Forward, Pennsylvania, September 13th, 1841; John C. Spencer, New York, March 3d, 1843; George M. Bibb, Kentucky, June 15th, 1844. Secretary of War, John Bell, Tennessee, March 5th, 1841; John McLean, Ohio, September 13th, 1841; John C. Spencer, New York, October 12th, 1841; James M. Porter, Pennsylvania, March 8th, 1843; William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, February 15th, 1844. Secretary of Navy, G. E. Badger, North Carolina, March 5th, 1841; A. P. Upshur, Virginia, September 13th, 1841; David Henshaw, Massachusetts, July 24th, 1843; T. W. Gilmer, Virginia, February 15th, 1844; John Y. Mason, Virginia, March 14th, 1844. Attorney-General, John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, March 5th, 1841; Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, September 13th, 1841; John Nelson, Maryland, July 1st, 1843. Postmaster-General, Francis Granger, Now York, March 6th, 1841; Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky, September 13th, 1841.

5014

James K. Polk, President.

XV.; 1845–1849.

Secretary of State, James Buchanan, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of Treasury, Robert J. Walker, Mississippi, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of War, William L. Marcy, New York, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of Navy, George Bancroft, Massachusetts, March 10th, 1845; John Y. Mason, September 9th, 1846. Attorney-General, John Y. Mason, Virginia, March 5th, 1845; Nathan Clifford, Maine, October 17th, 1846. Postmaster-General, Cave Johnson, Tennessee, March 6th, 1845.

Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore, Presidents.

XVI.; 1849–1853.

Secretary of State, John M. Clayton, Delaware, March 7th, 1840; Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, July 22d, 1850; Edward Everett, Massachusetts, December 6th, 1852. Secretary of Treasury, W. M. Meredith, Pennsylvania, March 8th, 1849; Thomas Corwin, Ohio, July 23d, 1850. Secretary of War, George W. Crawford, Georgia, March 8th, 1849; Winfield Scott (ad interim), July 23d, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, Louisiana, August 15th, 1850. Secretary of Navy, William B. Preston, Virginia, March 8th, 1849; William A. Graham, North Carolina, July 22d, 1850; J. P. Kennedy, Maryland, July 22d, 1852. Secretary of Interior, Thomas H. Ewing, Ohio, March 8th, 1849; A. H. H. Stuart, Virginia, September 12th, 1850. Attorney-General, Reverdy Johnson, Maryland, March 8th, 1849; John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, July 22d, 1850. Postmaster-General, Jacob Collamer, Vermont, March 8th, 1849; Nathan K. Hall, New York, July 23d, 1850; S. D. Hubbard, Connecticut, August 31st, 1852.

Franklin Pierce, President.

XVII.; 1853–1857.

Secretary of State, William L. Marcy, New York, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Treasury, James Guthrie, Kentucky, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, Mississippi, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Navy, James C. Dobbin, North Carolina, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Interior, Robert McClelland, Michigan, March 7th, 1853; Jacob Thompson, Mississippi, March 6th, 1856. Attorney-General, Caleb Cushing, Massachusetts, March 7th, 1853. Postmaster-General, James Campbell, Pennsylvania, March 7th, 1853.

James Buchanan, President.

XVIII.; 1857–1861.

Secretary of State, Lewis Cass, Michigan, March 6th, 1857; J. S. Black, Pennsylvania, December 17th, 1860. Secretary of Treasury, Howell Cobb, Georgia, March 6th, 1857; Philip F. Thomas, Maryland, December 12th, 1860; John A. Dix, New York, January 11th, 1861. Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, Virginia, March 6th, 1857; Joseph Holt, Kentucky, January 18th, 1861. Secretary of Navy, Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, March 6th, 1857. Secretary of Interior, Jacob Thompson, continued. Attorney-General, J. S. Black, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1857; E. M. Stanton, Pennsylvania, December 20th, 1860. Postmaster-General, Aaron V. Brown, Tennessee, March 6th, 1857; Joseph Holt, Kentucky, March 14th, 1859; Horatio King, Maine, February 12th, 1861.

Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, Presidents.

XIX. and XX.: 1861–1869.

Secretary of State, William H. Seward, New York, March 5th, 1861. Secretary of Treasury, S. P. Chase, Ohio, March 5th, 1861; W. P. Fessenden, Maine, July 1st, 1864; Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, March 7th, 1865. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1861; Edwin M. Stanton, Pennsylvania, January 15th, 1862; U. S. Grant (ad interim), August 12th, 1867; Edwin M. Stanton (reinstated), January 14th, 1868; J. M. Schofield, Illinois, May 28th, 1868. Secretary of Navy, Gideon Welles, Connecticut, March 5th, 1861. Secretary of Interior, Caleb P. Smith, March 5th, 1861; John P. Usher, Indiana, January 8th, 1863; James Harlan, Iowa, May 15th, 1865; O. H. Browning, Illinois, July 27th, 1866. Attorney-General, Edward Bates, Missouri, March 5th, 1861; Titian J. Coffee, June 22d, 1863; James Speed, Kentucky, December 2d, 1864; Henry Stanbery, Ohio, July 23d, 1866; William M. Evarts, New York, July 15th, 1868. Postmaster-General, Montgomery Blair, Maryland, March 5th, 1861; William Dennison, Ohio, September 24th, 1864; Alexander W. Randall, Wisconsin, July 25th, 1866.

Ulysses S. Grant, President.

XXI. and XXII.; 1869–1877.

Secretary of State, E. B. Washburne, Illinois, March 5th, 1869; Hamilton Fish, New York, March 11th, 1869. Secretary of Treasury, George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts, March 11th, 1869; William A. Richardson, Massachusetts, March 17th, 1873; Benjamin H. Bristow, Kentucky, June 2d, 1874; Lot M. Morrill, Maine, June 21st, 1876. Secretary of War, John A. Rawlins, Illinois, March 11th, 1869; William T. Sherman, Ohio, September 9th, 1869; William W. Belknap, Iowa, October 25th, 1869; Alphonso Taft, Ohio, March 8th, 1876; J. D. Cameron, Pennsylvania, May 22d, 1876. Secretary of Navy, Adolph E. Borie, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1869; George M. Robeson, New Jersey, June 25th, 1869. Secretary of Interior, Jacob D. Cox, Ohio, March 5th, 1869; Columbus Delano, Ohio, November 1st, 1870; Zachariah Chandler, Michigan, October 19th, 1875. Attorney-General, E. R. Hoar, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1869; Amos T. Akerman, Georgia, June 23d, 1870; George H. Williams, Oregon, December 14th, 1871; Edwards Pierrepont, New York, April 26th, 1875; Alphonso Taft, Ohio, May 22d, 1876. Postmaster-General, J. A. J. Creswell, Maryland, March 5th, 1869; Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, August 24th, 1874; James M. Tyner, Indiana, July 12th, 1876.

Rutherford B. Hayes, President.

XXIII.; 1877–1881.

Secretary of State, William M. Evarts, New York, March 12th, 1877. Secretary of Treasury, John Sherman, Ohio, March 8th, 1877. Secretary of War, George W. McCrary, Iowa, March 12th, 1877; Alexander Ramsey, Minnesota, December 12th, 1879. Secretary of Navy, Richard W. Thompson, Indiana, March 12th, 1877; Nathan Goff, Jr., West Virginia, January 6th, 1881. Secretary of Interior, Carl Schurz, Missouri, March 12th, 1877. Attorney-General, Charles Devens, Massachusetts, March 12th, 1877. Postmaster-General, David M. Key, Tennessee, March 12th, 1877; Horace Maynard, Tennessee, August 25th, 1880.

James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur.

Presidents.

XXIV.; 1881–1885.

Secretary of State, James G. Blaine, Maine, March 5th, 1881; Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey, December 12th, 1881. Secretary of Treasury, William H. Windom, Minnesota, March 5th, 1881; Charles J. Folger, New York, October 27th, 1881; Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, September 24th, 1884; Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, October 28th, 1884. Secretary of War, Robert T. Lincoln, Illinois, March 5th, 1881. Secretary of Navy, W. H. Hunt, Louisiana, March 5th, 1881; William E. Chandler, New Hampshire, April 1st, 1882. Secretary of Interior, S. J. Kirkwood, Iowa, March 5th, 1881; Henry M. Teller, Colorado, Attorney-General, Wayne McVeagh, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1881; Benjamin H. Brewster, Pennsylvania, December 16th, 1881. Postmaster-General, Thomas L. James, New York, March 5th, 1881; Timothy O. Howe, Wisconsin, December 20th, 1881; Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, April 3d, 1883; Frank Hatton, Wisconsin, October 14th, 1884.

Grover Cleveland, President.

XXV.; 1885–1889.

Secretary of State, James A. Bayard, Delaware, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Treasury, Daniel J. Manning, New York, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of War, W. C. Endicott, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Navy, William C. Whitney, New York, March 5th, 1885. Postmaster-General, William H. Vilas, Wisconsin, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Interior, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Mississippi, March 5th, 1885. Attorney-General, Augustus H. Garland, Arkansas, March 5th, 1885.

Benjamin Harrison, President.

XXVI.; 1889–1893.

Secretary of State, James G. Blaine, Maine, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Treasury, William Windom, Minnesota, March 5th, 1889.^[115] Secretary of War, Redfield Proctor, Vermont, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Navy, Benjamin Tracy, New York, March 5th, 1889. Postmaster-General, John Wanamaker, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Interior, John W. Noble, Missouri, March 5th, 1889. Attorney-General, W. H. H. Miller, Indiana, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Agriculture, Jeremiah Rusk, Wisconsin, March 5th, 1889.

5015

SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED JULY 4th, 1776.

The following list of members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Independence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1778), is given separately for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth, and the times of their respective deaths, for convenient reference:

Names of the Signers. Born at Delegated From Died.

Adams, John Braintree, Mass., 19 Oct. 1735 Massachusetts 4 July, 1826.

Adams, Samuel Boston, Mass., 27 Sept. 1722 Massachusetts 2 Oct. 1803.

Bartlett, Josiah Amesbury, Mass., in Nov. 1729 New Hampshire 19 May 1795.

Braxton, Carter. Newington, Va., 10 Sept. 1736 Virginia 10 Oct. 1797.

Carroll, Chas of Carrollton Annapolis, Md., 20 Sept. 1737 Maryland 14 Nov. 1832.

Chase, Samuel Somerset Co., Md., 17 Apr. 1741 Maryland 19 June, 1811.

Clark, Abraham Elizabethtown, N. J., 15 Feb. 1726 New Jersey — Sept. 1794.

Clymer, George Philadelphia, Pa., in 1739 Pennsylvania 23 Jan. 1813.

Ellery, William Newport, R. I., 22 Dec. 1727 R. I. & Prov. Pl. 15 Feb., 1820.

Floyd, William Suffolk Co., N. Y., 17 Dec. 1734 New York 4 Aug., 1821.

Franklin, Benjamin Boston, Mass., 17 Jan. 1706 Pennsylvania 17 Apr. 1790.

Gerry, Elbridge Marblehead, Mass., 1 July 1744 Massachusetts 23 Nov. 1814.

Gwinnet, Button England, in 1732 Georgia 27 May, 1777.

Hall, Lyman Connecticut, in 1731 Georgia — Feb. 1790.

Hancock, John Braintree, Mass., in 1737 Massachusetts 8 Oct. 1793.

Harrison, Benjamin Berkley, Va., —— —— Virginia — Apr. 1791.

Hart, John Hopewell, N. J., in 1715 New Jersey 1880.

Heyward, Thomas, Jr. St. Luke’s, S. C., in 1746 S. Carolina — Mar. 1809.

Hewes, Joseph Kingston, N. J., in 1730 N. Carolina 10 Oct. 1779.

Hooper, William Boston, Mass., 17 June, 1742 N. Carolina — Oct. 1790.

Hopkins, Stephen Scituate, Mass., 7 Mar., 1707 R. I. & Prov. Pl. 13 July, 1785.

Huntington, Samuel Windham, Conn., 3 July 1732 Connecticut 5 Jan. 1796.

Hopkinson, Francis Philadelphia, Pa., in 1737 New Jersey 9 May, 1790.

Jefferson, Thomas Shadwell, Va., 13 Apr. 1734 Virginia 4 July, 1826.

Lee, Richard Henry Stratford, Va., 20 Jan. 1732 Virginia 19 June, 1794.

Lee, Francis Lightfoot Stratford, Va., 14 Oct. 1734 Virginia — Apr. 1797.

Lewis, Francis F Landaff, Wales, in Mar. 1713 New York 30 Dec. 1803.

Livingston, Philip Albany, N. Y., 15 Jan. 1716 New York 12 June, 1778.

Lynch, Thomas, Jr St. George’s, S. C., 5 Aug. 1749 S. Carolina Lost at sea, 1779.

McKean, Thomas Chester Co., Pa., 19 Mar. 1734 Delaware 24 June, 1817.

Middleton, Arthur Middleton Place, S. C., in 1743 S. Carolina 1 Jan. 1787.

Morris, Lewis Morrissianna, N. Y., in 1726 New York 22 Jan. 1798.

Morris, Robert Lancashire, Eng., Jan. 1733–4 Pennsylvania 8 May, 1806.

Morton, John Ridley, Pa., in 1724 Pennsylvania — Apr. 1777.

Nelson, Thomas, Jr York, Va., 26 Dec. 1738 Virginia 4 Jan. 1789.

Paca, Wm. Wye-Hill, Md., 31 Oct. 1740 Maryland — ——, 1799.

Paine, Robert Treat Boston, Mass., in 1731 Massachusetts 11 May, 1804.

Penn, John Caroline Co., Va., 17 May 1741 N. Carolina 26 Oct. 1809.

Read, George Cecil Co., Md., in 1734 Delaware — ——, 1798.

Rodney, Cæsar Dover, Del., in 1730 Delaware — ——, 1783.

Ross, George New Castle, Del., in 1730 Pennsylvania — July, 1779.

Rush, Benjamin, M. D. Byberry, Pa., 24 Dec. 1745 Pennsylvania 19 Apr. 1813.

Rutledge, Edward Charleston, S. C., in Nov. 1749 S. Carolina 23 Jan. 1800.

Sherman, Roger Newton, Mass., 19 Apr. 1721 Connecticut 23 July, 1793.

Smith, James ——, Ireland, —— —— Pennsylvania 11 July, 1806.

Stockton, Richard Princeton, N. J., 1 Oct. 1730 New Jersey 28 Feb. 1781.

Stone, Thomas Charles Co., Md., in 1742 Maryland 5 Oct. 1787.

Taylor, George ——, Ireland, in 1716 Pennsylvania 23 Feb. 1781.

Thornton, Matthew ——, Ireland, in 1714 New Hampshire 24 June, 1803.

Walton, George Frederick Co., Va., in 1740 Georgia 2 Feb. 1804.

Whipple, Wm. Kittery, Maine, in 1730 New Hampshire 28 Nov. 1785.

Williams, Wm Lebanon, Conn., 8 Apr. 1731 Connecticut 2 Aug. 1811.

Wilson, James Scotland, about 1742 Pennsylvania 28 Aug. 1798.

Witherspoon, John Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722 New Jersey 15 Nov. 1794.

Wolcott, Oliver Windsor, Conn., 26 Nov. 1726 Connecticut 1 Dec. 1797.

Wythe, George Elizabeth City Co., Va., in 1726 Virginia 8 June, 1806.

ANTE-WAR DEBTS OF THE SEVERAL STATES.

Table showing the Debts of the several States before the war (1860–61).

STATES. In 1860–61.

Maine $699,500

New Hampshire 31,669

Vermont none.

Massachusetts 7,132,627

Rhode Island none.

Connecticut none.

New York 34,182,976

New Jersey 104,000

Pennsylvania 37,964,602

Delaware none.

Maryland

Ohio 14,250,173

Indiana 7,770,233

Michigan 2,388,843

Illinois 10,277,161

Wisconsin 100,000

Minnesota 250,000

Iowa 200,000

Missouri 24,734,000

Kansas 150,000

Kentucky 4,729,234

California

Oregon 55,372

Virginia 33,248,141

North Carolina 9,129,505

South Carolina 3,691,574

Georgia 2,670,750

Florida 383,000

Alabama 5,048,000

Mississippi none.

Louisiana 10,023,903

Texas

Arkansas 3,092,622

Tennessee 16,643,666

CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT,

Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, March 1st, 1789.

The following is a list of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States, as well as those who were candidates for each office, since the organization of the Government: (vide pp. 21–25, 62.)

1789—George Washington^[116] and John Adams, two terms, no opposition.

1797—John Adams, opposed by Thomas Jefferson^[116] who, having the next highest electoral vote, became Vice-President.

1801—Thomas Jefferson^[116] and Aaron Burr; beating John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney.^[116]

1805—Thomas Jefferson^[116] and George Clinton; beating Charles C. Pinckney^[116] and Rufus King.

1809—James Madison^[116] and George Clinton; beating Charles C. Pinckney.^[116]

1813—James Madison^[116] and Eldridge Gerry; beating De Witt Clinton.

1817—James Monroe^[116] and Daniel D. Tompkins; beating Rufus King.

1821—James Monroe^[116] and Daniel D. Tompkins; beating John Quincy Adams.

1825—John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun;^[116] beating Andrew Jackson,^[116] Henry Clay,^[116] and William H. Crawford;^[116] there being four candidates for President, and Albert Gallatin for Vice-President.

1829—Andrew Jackson^[116] and John C. Calhoun^[116]; beating John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush.

1833—Andrew Jackson^[116] and Martin Van Buren; beating Henry Clay,^[116] John Floyd,^[116] and William Wirt for President; and William Wilkins, John Sergeant, and Henry Lee^[116] for Vice-President.

1837—Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson^[116]; beating William H. Harrison, Hugh L. White, and Daniel Webster for President, and John Tyler^[116] for Vice-President.

1841—William H. Harrison and John Tyler^[116]; beating Martin Van Buren and Littleton W. Tazewell.^[116] Harrison died one month after his inauguration, and John Tyler^[116] became President for the rest of the term.

1845—James K. Polk^[116] and George M. Dallas; beating Henry Clay^[116] and Theodore Frelinghuysen.

1849—Zachary Taylor^[116] and Millard Fillmore; beating Lewis Cass and Martin Van Buren for President, and William O. Butler^[116] and C. F. Adams, for Vice-President.

1853—Franklin Pierce and William R. King^[116]; beating Winfield Scott and William A. Graham.^[116]

1857—James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge^[116]; beating John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore for President, and William L. Dayton and A. J. Donaldson^[116] for Vice-President.

1861—Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin; beating John Bell, Stephen A. Douglas, and J. C. Breckinridge^[116] for President.

1865—Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson,^[116] Union candidates; beating G. B. McClellan and G. H. Pendleton.

1869—Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax; beating Horatio Seymour and Frank P. Blair, jr.

1873—Ulysses S. Grant and Henry Wilson; beating Horace Greeley and B. Gratz Brown, for President and Vice-President.

1877—Rutherford B. Hayes and Wm. A. Wheeler; beating Samuel Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks.

1881—James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; beating General W. S. Hancock and W. H. English. Arthur succeeded Garfield, after his death from assassination, Sept. 19, 1881, and David Davis is now Acting Vice-President.

1885—Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, who defeated James G. Blaine and John A. Logan.

1889—Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton, who defeated Grover Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman.

NUMBER OF ELECTORAL VOTES TO WHICH EACH STATE HAS BEEN ENTITLED, AT EACH ELECTION, 1789–1880.

States. 1789 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880

Alabama 3 5 5 7 7 7 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 10 10 12

Arkansas 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7

California 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 8

Colorado 3 3

Connecticut 7 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Delaware 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Florida 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4

Georgia 5 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 11 11 12

Illinois 3 3 3 5 5 5 9 9 11 11 11 16 16 21 21 22

Indiana 3 3 5 5 9 9 9 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15

Iowa 4 4 4 4 8 8 11 11 13

Kansas 3 3 5 5 9

Kentucky 4 4 4 8 8 12 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 12 12 13

Louisiana 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8

Maine 9 9 9 10 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6

Maryland 8 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 8 8 8

Massachusetts 10 16 16 16 19 19 22 22 15 15 15 14 14 14 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 13 13 14

Michigan 3 3 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 11 11 13

Minnesota 4 4 4 5 5 7

Mississippi 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9

Missouri 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 7 9 9 9 11 11 15 15 16

Nebraska 3 3 3 5

Nevada 3 3 3 3 3

New Hampshire 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4

New Jersey 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 9 9

New York 8 12 12 12 19 19 29 29 29 36 36 42 42 42 36 36 35 35 35 33 33 35 35 36

North Carolina 7 12 12 12 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 11

Ohio 3 3 8 8 8 16 16 21 21 21 23 23 23 23 23 21 21 22 22 23

Oregon 3 3 3 3 3 3

Pennsylvania 10 15 15 15 20 20 25 25 25 28 28 30 30 30 26 26 27 27 27 26 26 29 29 30

Rhode Island 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

South Carolina 7 8 8 8 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 9 9 8 8 8 6 6 7 7 9

Tennessee 3 3 5 5 8 8 8 11 11 15 15 15 13 13 12 12 12 10 10 12 12 12

Texas 4 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 13

Vermont 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4

Virginia 12 21 21 21 24 24 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 23 17 17 15 15 15 10 10 11 11 12

West Virginia 5 5 5 5 6

Wisconsin 4 5 5 5 8 8 10 10 11

Total 91 135 138 138 176 176 218 221 235 261 261 288 294 294 275 290 296 296 303 314 317 366 369 401

Number of States 13 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 30 31 31 33 36 37 37 38 38

5016

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

Chief Justices. Associate Justices. State Whence Appointed. Term of Service. Years of Service. Born. Died.

1 John Jay^[117] New York 1789–1795 6 1745 1829

John Rutledge^[117] South Carolina 1789–1791 2 1739 1800

William Cushing Massachusetts 1789–1810 21 1733 1810

James Wilson Pennsylvania 1789–1798 9 1742 1798

John Blair^[117] Virginia 1789–1796 7 1732 1800

Robert H. Harrison^[117] Maryland 1789–1790 1 1745 1790

James Iredell North Carolina 1790–1799 9 1751 1799

Thomas Johnson^[117] Maryland 1791–1793 2 1732 1819

William Patterson New Jersey 1793–1806 13 1745 1806

2 John Rutledge^[118] South Carolina 1795–1795 1739 1800

Samuel Chase Maryland 1796–1811 15 1741 1811

3 Oliver Ellsworth^[117] Connecticut 1796–1801 5 1745 1807

Bushr’d Washington Virginia 1798–1829 31 1762 1829

Alfred Moore^[117] North Carolina 1799–1804 5 1755 1810

4 John Marshall Virginia 1801–1835 34 1755 1835

William Johnson South Carolina 1804–1834 30 1771 1834

Brockh’t Livingston New York 1806–1823 17 1757 1823

Thomas Todd Kentucky 1807–1826 19 1765 1826

Joseph Story Massachusetts 1811–1845 34 1779 1845

Gabriel Duval^[117] Maryland 1811–1836 25 1752 1844

Smith Thompson New York 1823–1845 22 1767 1845

Robert Trimble Kentucky 1826–1828 2 1777 1828

John McLean Ohio 1829–1861 32 1785 1861

Henry Baldwin Pennsylvania 1830–1846 16 1779 1846

James M. Wayne^[119] Georgia 1835–1867 32 1790 1867

5 Roger B. Taney Maryland 1836–1864 28 1777 1864

Philip P. Barbour Virginia 1836–1841 5 1783 1841

John Catron Tennessee 1837–1865 28 1778 1865

John McKinley Alabama 1837–1852 15 1780 1852

Peter V. Daniel Virginia 1841–1860 19 1785 1860

Samuel Nelson^[117] New York 1845–1872 27 1792 1873

Levi Woodbury New Hampshire 1845–1851 6 1789 1851

Robert C. Grier^[117] Pennsylvania 1846–1869 23 1794 1870

Benjamin R. Curtis^[117] Massachusetts 1851–1857 6 1809 1874

John A. Campbell^[117] Alabama 1853–1861 8 1811

Nathan Clifford Maine 1858– 1803 1881

Noah H. Swayne^[117] Ohio 1861– 1805 1881

Samuel F. Miller Iowa 1862– 1816

David Davis^[117] Illinois 1862–1877 15 1815

Stephen J. Field California 1866– 1816

6 Salmon P. Chase Ohio 1864–1873 9 1808 1873

William Strong^[117] Pennsylvania 1870–1880 10 1808

Joseph P. Bradley New Jersey 1870– 1813

Ward Hunt^[117] New York 1872– 1811

7 Morrison R. Waite Ohio 1874–1887 13 1816 1887

John M. Harlan Kentucky 1877– 1833

William B. Woods Georgia 1880– 1826

Horace Gray Massachusetts 1881–

Roscoe Conkling^[117] New York 1882– .

Samuel Blatchford New York 1882–

8 Melville W. Fuller Illinois 1887–

Lucius Q. C. Lamar Mississippi 1887–

David J. Brewer Kansas 1890–

TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE DURING THE REBELLION.^[120]

The various calls of the President for men were as follows:

1861—3 months’ men 75,000

1861—3 years’ men 500,000

1862—3 years’ men 300,000

1862—9 months’ men 300,000

1864—3 years’ men, February 500,000

1864—3 years’ men, March 200,000

1864—3 years’ men, July 500,000

1864—3 years’ men, December 300,000

Total 2,675,000

5017

LENGTH OF SESSIONS OF CONGRESS, 1789–1891.

No. of Congress. No. of Session. Time of Session.

1st 1st March 4, 1789—September 29, 1789

2d January 4, 1790—August 12, 1790

3d December 6, 1790—March 3, 1791

2d 1st October 24, 1791—May 8, 1792

2d November 5, 1792—March 2, 1793

3d 1st December 2, 1793—June 9, 1794

2d November 3, 1794—March 3, 1795

4th 1st December 7, 1795—June 1, 1796

2d December 5, 1796—March 3, 1797

5th 1st May 15, 1797—July 10, 1797

2d November 13, 1797—July 16, 1798

3d December 3, 1798—March 3, 1799

6th 1st December 2, 1799—May 14, 1800

2d November 17, 1880—March 3, 1801

7th 1st December 7, 1801—May 3, 1802

2d December 6, 1802—March 3, 1803

8th 1st October 17, 1803—March 27, 1804

2d November 5, 1804—March 3, 1805

9th 1st December 2, 1805—April 21, 1806

2d December 1, 1806—March 3, 1807

10th 1st October 26, 1807—April 25, 1808

2d November 7, 1808—March 3, 1809

11th 1st May 22, 1809—June 28, 1809

2d November 27, 1809—May 1, 1810

3d December 3, 1810—March 3, 1811

12th 1st November 4, 1811—July 6, 1812

2d November 2, 1812—March 3, 1813

13th 1st May 24, 1813—August 2, 1813

2d December 6, 1813—April 18, 1814

3d September 19, 1814—March 3, 1815

14th 1st December 4, 1815—April 30, 1816

2d December 2, 1816—March 3, 1817

15th 1st December 1, 1817—April 20, 1818

2d November 16, 1818—March 3, 1819

16th 1st December 6, 1819—May 15, 1820

2d November 13, 1820—March 3, 1821

17th 1st December 3, 1821—May 8, 1822

2d December 2, 1822—March 3, 1823

18th 1st December 1, 1823—May 27, 1824

2d December 6, 1824—March 3, 1825

19th 1st December 5, 1825—May 22, 1826

2d December 4, 1826—March 3, 1827

20th 1st December 3, 1827—May 26, 1828

2d December 1, 1828—March 3, 1829

21st 1st December 7, 1829—May 31, 1830

2d December 6, 1830—March 3, 1831

22d 1st December 5, 1831—July 16, 1832

2d December 3, 1832—March 3, 1833

23d 1st December 2, 1833—June 30, 1834

2d December 1, 1834—March 3, 1835

24th 1st December 7, 1835—July 4, 1836

2d December 5, 1836—March 3, 1837

25th 1st September 4, 1837—October 16, 1837

2d December 4, 1837—July 9, 1838

3d December 3, 1838—March 3, 1839

26th 1st December 2, 1839—July 21, 1840

2d December 7, 1840—March 3, 1841

27th 1st May 31, 1841—September 13, 1841

2d December 6, 1841—August 31, 1842

3d December 5, 1842—March 8, 1843

28th 1st December 4, 1843—June 17, 1844

2d December 2, 1844—March 3, 1845

29th 1st December 1, 1845—August 10, 1846

2d December 7, 1846—March 3, 1847

30th 1st December 6, 1847—August 14, 1848

2d December 4, 1848—March 3, 1849

31st 1st December 3, 1849—September 30, 1850

2d December 2, 1850—March 3, 1851

32d 1st December 1, 1851—August 31, 1852

2d December 6, 1852—March 3, 1853

33d 1st December 2, 1853—August 7, 1854

2d December 4, 1854—March 3, 1855

34th 1st December 5, 1855—August 18, 1856

2d August 21, 1856—August 30, 1856

3d December 1, 1856—March 3, 1857

35th 1st December 7, 1857—June 14, 1858

2d December 6, 1858—March 3, 1859

36th 1st December 5, 1859—June 25, 1860

2d December 3, 1860—March 4, 1861

37th 1st July 4, 1861—August 6, 1861

2d December 2, 1861—July 17, 1862

3d December 1, 1862—March 4, 1863

38th 1st December 7, 1863—July 4, 1864

2d December 5, 1864—March 4, 1865

39th 1st December 4, 1865—July 28, 1866

2d December 3, 1866—March 4, 1867

40th 1st March 4, 1867—March 30, 1867

„ July 3, 1867—July 20, 1867

„ November 21, 1867—December 2, 1867

2d December 2, 1867—July 27, 1868

3d December 7, 1868—March 4, 1869

41st 1st March 4, 1869—April 23, 1869

2d December 6, 1869—July 15, 1870

3d December 5, 1870—March 4, 1871

42d 1st March 4, 1871—April 20, 1871

2d December 4, 1871—June 10, 1872

3d December 2, 1872—March 4, 1873

43d 1st December 1, 1873—June 23, 1874

2d December 7, 1874—March 4, 1875

44th 1st December 6, 1875—August 15, 1876

2d December 4, 1876—March 4, 1877

45th 1st October 15, 1877—December 3, 1877

2d December 3, 1877—June 20, 1878

3d December 2, 1878—March 4, 1879

46th 1st March 18, 1879—July 1, 1879

2d December 1, 1879—June 16, 1880

3d December 6, 1880—March 4, 1881

47th 1st December 5, 1881—August 8, 1882

2d December 4, 1882—March 4, 1883

48th 1st December 3, 1883—July 7, 1884

2d December 1, 1884—March 4, 1885

49th 1st December 7, 1885—August 5, 1886

2d December 6, 1886—March 4, 1887

50th 1st December 5, 1887—October 20, 1888

2d December 3, 1888—March 4, 1889

51st 1st December 2, 1889—October, 1890

2d December 1, 1890—March 4, 1891

CIVIL OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES

Number Employed in the several Departments of the Government, July 1st, 1882.

Executive Office 7

Congress 280

State Department 419

Treasury Department 12,130

War Department 1,861

Post-Office Department 52,672

Navy Department 128

Interior Department 2,813

Department of Justice 2,876

Department of Agriculture 77

Government Printing Office 1,168

Total 74,431

5018

THE STATES AND TERRITORIES—when Admitted or Organized—with Area and Population.

STATES. [First thirteen admitted on ratifying Constitution—all others admitted by Acts of Congress.] Date when Admitted. Area in square miles at time of admission. Population nearest census to date of admission.

Population. Year.

Delaware December 7, 1787 2,050 59,096 1790

Pennsylvania December 12, 1787 45,215 434,373 1790

New Jersey December 18, 1787 7,815 184,139 1790

Georgia January 2, 1788 59,475 82,548 1790

Connecticut January 9, 1788 4,990 237,496 1790

Massachusetts February 6, 1788 8,315 378,787 1790

Maryland April 28, 1788 12,210 319,728 1790

South Carolina May 23, 1788 30,570 249,033 1790

New Hampshire June 21, 1788 9,305 141,885 1790

Virginia June 25, 1788 42,450 747,610 1790

New York July 26, 1788 49,170 340,120 1790

North Carolina November 21, 1789 52,250 393,751 1790

Rhode Island May 29, 1790 1,250 68,825 1790

Vermont March 4, 1791 9,565 85,339 1791

Kentucky June 1, 1792 40,400 73,077 1892

Tennessee June 1, 1796 42,050 77,202 1796

Ohio November 29, 1802 41,060 41,915 1802

Louisiana April 30, 1812 48,720 76,556 1812

Indiana December 11, 1816 36,350 63,805 1816

Mississippi December 10, 1817 46,810 75,512 1817

Illinois December 3, 1818 56,650 34,620 1818

Alabama December 14, 1819 52,250 127,901 1820

Maine March 15, 1820 33,040 298,269 1820

Missouri August 19, 1821 69,415 66,586 1821

Arkansas June 15, 1836 53,850 52,240 1836

Michigan January 26, 1837 58,915 212,267 1840

Florida March 3, 1845 58,680 54,477 1845

Iowa December 28, 1846 56,025 81,920 1846

Texas December 29, 1845 265,780 212,592 1850

Wisconsin May 29, 1848 56,040 305,391 1850

California September 9, 1850 158,360 92,597 1850

Minnesota May 11, 1858 83,365 172,023 1860

Oregon February 14, 1859 96,030 52,465 1859

Kansas January 29, 1861 82,080 107,206 1860

West Virginia June 19, 1863 24,780 442,014 1870

Nevada October 31, 1864 110,700 40,000 1864

Nebraska March 1, 1867 76,855 60,000 1867

Colorado August 1, 1876 103,926 150,000 1876

District of Columbia March 3, 1791 60

North Dakota July 4, 1889 149,100 135,177 1880

South Dakota July 4, 1889

Montana July 4, 1889 146,080 39,159 1880

Washington July 4, 1889 69,180 75,116

Idaho 84,800 32,610 1880

Wyoming 97,890 20,789 1880

TERRITORIES. Dates of organization. Present area, square miles. Population. Census of

Utah September 9, 1850 82,090 143,963 1880

New Mexico September 9, 1850 122,580 119,565 1880

Arizona February 24, 1863 113,020 40,440 1880

Indian 64,690

Alaska Unsurveyed

5019

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Name. State. Congress. Term of Service.

F. A Muhlenberg Pennsylvania 1st Congress. April 1, 1789, to March 4, 1791

Jonathan Trumbull Connecticut 2d „ Oct. 24, 1791, to March 4, 1793

F. A. Muhlenberg Pennsylvania 3d „ Dec. 2, 1793, to March 4, 1795

Jonathan Dayton New Jersey 4th „ Dec. 7, 1795, to March 4, 1797

„ „ „ 5th „ May 15, 1797, to March 3, 1799

Theodore Sedgwick Massachusetts 6th „ Dec. 2, 1799, to March 4, 1801

Nathaniel Macon North Carolina 7th „ Dec. 7, 1801, to March 4, 1803

„ „ „ 8th „ Oct. 17, 1803, to March 4, 1805

„ „ „ 9th „ Dec. 2, 1805, to March 4, 1807

Joseph B. Varnum Massachusetts 10th „ Oct. 26, 1807, to March 4, 1809

„ „ „ 11th „ May 22, 1809, to March 4, 1811

Henry Clay Kentucky 12th „ Nov. 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813

„ „ „ 13th „ May 24, 1813, to Jan. 19, 1814

Langdon Cheves S C., 2d Sess. 13th „ Jan. 19, 1814, to March 4, 1815

Henry Clay Kentucky 14th „ Dec. 4, 1815, to March 4, 1817

„ „ „ 15th „ Dec. 1, 1817, to March 4, 1819

„ „ „ 16th „ Dec. 6, 1819, to May 15, 1820

John W. Taylor New York, 2d Sess. 16th „ Nov. 15, 1820, to March 4, 1821

Philip P. Barbour Virginia 17th „ Dec. 4, 1821, to March 4, 1823

Henry Clay Kentucky 18th „ Dec. 1, 1823, to March 4, 1825

John W. Taylor New York 19th „ Dec. 5, 1825, to March 4, 1827

Andrew Stephenson Virginia 20th „ Dec. 3, 1827, to March 4, 1829

„ „ „ 21st „ Dec. 7, 1829, to March 4, 1831

„ „ „ 22d „ Dec. 5, 1831, to March 4, 1833

„ „ „ 23d „ Dec. 2, 1833, to June 2, 1834

John Bell Tennessee, 2d Sess. 23d „ June 2, 1834, to March 4, 1835

James K. Polk „ „ 24th „ Dec. 7, 1835, to March 4, 1837

„ „ „ „ 25th „ Sept. 5, 1837, to March 4, 1839

Robert M. T. Hunter Virginia 26th „ Dec. 16, 1839, to March 4, 1841

John White Kentucky 27th „ May 31, 1841, to March 4, 1843

John W. Jones Virginia 28th „ Dec. 4, 1843, to March 4, 1845

John W. Davis Indiana 29th „ Dec. 1, 1845, to March 4, 1847

Robert C. Winthrop Massachusetts 30th „ Dec. 6, 1847, to March 4, 1849

Howell Cobb Georgia 31st „ Dec. 22, 1849, to March 4, 1851

Linn Boyd Kentucky 32d „ Dec. 1, 1851, to March 4, 1853

„ „ „ 33d „ Dec. 5, 1853, to March 4, 1855

Nathaniel P. Banks Massachusetts 34th „ Feb. 2, 1856, to March 4, 1857

James L. Orr South Carolina 35th „ Dec. 7, 1857, to March 4, 1859

William Pennington New Jersey 36th „ Feb. 1, 1860, to March 4, 1861

Galusha A. Grow Pennsylvania 37th „ July 4, 1861, to March 4, 1863

Schuyler Colfax Indiana 38th „ Dec. 7, 1863, to March 4, 1865

„ „ „ 39th „ Dec. 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867

„ „ „ 40th „ March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869

James G. Blaine Maine 41st „ March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871

„ „ „ 42d „ March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873

„ „ „ 43d „ Dec. 1, 1873, to March 4, 1875

Michael C. Kerr Indiana 44th „ Dec. 6, 1875, to Aug. 20, 1876

Samuel J. Randall Penna., 2d Sess. 44th „ Dec. 4, 1876, to March 4, 1877

„ „ „ „ 45th „ Oct. 15, 1877, to March 4, 1879

„ „ „ „ 46th „ March 18, 1879, to March 4, 1881

Warren B. Keifer Ohio 47th „ Dec. 5, 1881, to March 4, 1883

John G. Carlisle Kentucky 48th „ Dec. 3, 1883, to March 4, 1885

„ „ „ 49th „ Dec. 7, 1885, to March 4, 1887

„ „ „ 50th „ Dec. 5, 1888, to March 4, 1889

Thomas B. Reed Maine 51st „ Dec. 2, 1889, to March 4, 1891

Table, exhibiting, by States, the Aggregate Troops called for by the President, and furnished to the Union Army, from April 15th, 1861, to close of War of Rebellion

States and Territories Aggregate Aggregate reduced to a 3 years’ standard

Quota Men furnished Paid commutation Total

Maine 73,587 70,107 2,007 72,114 56,776

New Hampshire 35,897 33,937 692 34,629 30,849

Vermont 32,074 33,288 1,974 35,262 29,068

Massachusetts 139,095 146,730 5,318 152,048 124,104

Rhode Island 18,898 23,236 463 23,699 17,866

Connecticut 44,797 55,864 1,515 57,379 50,623

New York 507,148 448,850 18,197 467,047 392,270

New Jersey 92,820 76,814 4,196 81,010 57,908

Pennsylvania 385,369 337,936 28,171 366,107 265,517

Delaware 13,935 12,284 1,386 13,670 10,322

Maryland 70,965 46,638 3,678 50,316 41,275

West Virginia 34,463 32,068 32,068 27,714

District of Columbia 13,973 16,534 338 16,872 11,506

Ohio 306,322 313,180 6,479 319,659 240,514

Indiana 199,788 196,363 784 197,147 153,576

Illinois 244,496 259,092 55 259,147 214,133

Michigan 95,007 87,364 2,008 89,372 80,111

Wisconsin 109,080 91,327 5,097 96,424 79,260

Minnesota 26,326 24,020 1,032 25,052 10,693

Iowa 79,521 76,242 67 76,309 68,630

Missouri 122,496 109,111 109,111 86,530

Kentucky 100,782 75,760 3,265 79,025 70,832

5020Kansas 12,931 20,149 2 20,151 18,706

Tennessee 1,560 31,092 31,092 26,394

Arkansas 780 8,289 8,289 7,835

North Carolina 1,500 3,156 3,156 3,156

California 15,725 15,725 15,725

Nevada 1,080 1,080 1,080

Oregon 1,810 1,810 1,773

Washington 964 964 964

Nebraska Territory 3,157 3,157 2,175

Colorado Territory 4,903 4,903 3,697

Dakota 206 205 206

New Mexico Territory 6,561 6,561 4,432

Alabama 2,576 2,576 1,611

Florida 1,290 1,290 1,290

Louisiana 5,224 5,224 4,634

Mississippi 545 545 545

Texas 1,965 1,965 1,632

Indian Nation 3,530 3,530 3,530

Colored Troops^[121] 93,441 93,441 91,789

Total 2,763,670 2,772,408 86,724 2,859,132 2,320,272

STATEMENT SHOWING THE EXPENDITURES,

As far as ascertained, necessarily growing out of the War of the Rebellion, from July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1870, inclusive.

APPROPRIATION. Gross Expenditure. Expenditure other than for the war. Expenditure growing out of the war.

Expenses of national loans and currency $51,522,730 77 $51,522,730 77

Premiums 59,738,167 73 59,738,167 73

Interest on public debt 1,809,301,485 19 $45,045,286 74 1,764,256,198 45

Expenses of collecting revenue from customs 99,690,808 31 57,151,550 44 42,539,257 87

Judgment of Court of Claims 5,516,260 75 551,626 07 4,964,634 68

Payments of judgments Court of Alabama Claims 9,315,753 19 9,315,753 19

Salaries and expenses of Southern Claims Commission 371,321 82 371,321 82

Salaries and expenses of American and British Claims Commission 295,878 54 295,878 54

Award to British claimants 1,929,819 00 1,929,819 00

Tribunal of arbitration at Geneva 244,815 40 244,815 40

Salaries and expenses of Alabama Claims Commission 253,231 12 253,231 12

Salaries and contingent expenses of Pension Office 7,095,968 05 1,870,180 00 5,225,788 05

Salaries and contingent expenses of War Department 15,381,956 58 2,712,693 79 12,619,262 79

Salaries and contingent expenses of Executive Departm’nt (exclusive of Pension office and War Department) 33,944,017 67 10,110,745 70 23,833,271 97

Expenses of assessing and collecting internal revenue 112,803,841 31 112,803,841 31

Miscellaneous accounts 2,664,199 82 456,714 21 2,207,485 61

Subsistence of the Army 420,041,037 75 38,623,489 17 381,417,548 58

Quartermaster’s Department 357,518,966 61 58,037,048 95 299,481,917 63

Incidental expenses of Quartermaster’s Department 101,528,573 37 16,185,839 74 85,342,733 63

Transportation of the Army 407,463,324 81 70,669,439 25 336,793,885 56

Transportation of officers and their baggage 4,626,219 66 1,601,000 00 3,025,219 66

Clothing of the Army 356,651,466 31 11,107,586 11 345,543,880 20

Purchase of horses for cavalry and artillery 130,990,762 95 4,318,339 51 126,672,423 24

Barracks, quarters, etc. 49,872,669 40 18,801,822 89 31,070,846 59

Heating and cooking stoves 487,881 45 39,150 00 448,731 45

Pay, mileage, general expenses, etc., of the Army 184,473,721 26 106,388,991 79 78,084,729 47

Pay of two and three years’ volunteers 1,041,102,702 58 1,041,102,702 58

Pay of three months’ volunteers 886,305 41 886,305 41

Pay, etc., of one hundred days’ volunteers 14,386,778 29 14,386,778 29

Pay of militia and volunteers 6,126,952 65 6,126,952 65

Pay, etc., to officers and men in the Department of the Missouri 844,150 55 844,150 55

Pay and supplies of one hundred days’ volunteers 4,824,877 68 4,824,877 68

Bounty to volunteers and regulars on enlistment 38,522,046 20 38,522,046 20

Bounty to volunteers and their widows and legal heirs 31,760,345 95 31,760,345 95

Additional bounty act of July 28, 1866 69,998,786 71 69,998,786 61

5021Collect’n and payment of bounty, etc., to color’d soldiers, etc. $268,158 11 $268,158 11

Reimbursing States for moneys expended for payment of military service of the United States 9,635,512 85 9,635,512 85

Defraying expenses of minute-men and volunteers in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky 597,178 30 597,178 30

Refunding to States expenses incurred on account of volunteers 31,297,242 60 31,297,242 60

Reimbursements to Baltimore for aid in construction of defensive works in 1863 96,152 00 96,152 00

Payment to members of certain military organizations in Kansas 296,097 28 296,097 28

Expenses of recruiting 2,568,639 91 1,270,673 56 1,297,966 35

Draft and substitute fund 9,713,873 13 9,713,873 13

Medical and Hospital Department 46,954,146 83 1,845,376 47 45,108,770 36

Medical and Surgical History and Statistics 196,048 32 196,048 32

Medical Museum and Library 55,000 00 55,000 00

Providing for comfort of sick, wounded and discharged soldiers 2,232,785 12 2,232,785 12

Freedmen’s Hospital and Asylum 123,487 49 123,487 49

Artificial limbs and appliances 509,283 21 509,283 21

Ordnance service 6,114,533 38 1,561,001 67 4,553,531 71

Ordnance, ordnance stores and supplies 59,798,079 70 3,834,146 87 55,933,932 83

Armament of fortifications 12,336,710 88 2,118,238 79 10,218,472 09

National armories, arsenals, &c. 29,730,717 53 $6,127,228 21 23,603,489 32

Purchase of arms for volunteers and regulars 76,378,935 13 76,378,935 13

Traveling expenses First Michigan Cavalry and California and Nevada Volunteers 84,131 50 84,131 50

Payment of expenses under reconstruction acts 3,128,905 94 3,128,905 94

Secret Service 681,587 42 681,587 42

Books of tactics 172,568 15 172,568 15

Medals of Honor 29,890 00 29,890 00

Support of National Home for disabled volunteer soldiers 8,546,184 76 8,546,184 76

Publication of official records of war of the rebellion 170,998 98 170,998 98

Contingencies of the Army and Adjutant General’s Department 3,291,835 14 565,136 39 2,726,698 75

Payments under special acts of relief 1,088,406 83 1,088,406 83

Copying official reports 5,000 00 5,000 00

Expenses of court of inquiry in 1858 and 1869 5,000 00 5,000 00

United States police for Baltimore 100,000 00 100,000 00

Preparing register of volunteers 1,015 45 1,015 45

Army pensions 437,744,192 80 30,315,000 00 407,429,192 80

Telegraph for military purposes 2,500,085 80 2,500,085 80

Maintenance of gunboat fleet proper 5,244,684 32 5,244,684 32

Keeping, transporting, and supplying prisoners of war 7,659,411 60 7,659,411 60

Permanent forts and fortifications; surveys for military defenses; contingencies of fortifications; platform for cannon of large calibre, &c., from 1862 to 1868 20,887,756 96 7,483,765 87 13,4O3,991 09

Construction and maintenance of steam rams 1,370,730 42 1,370,730 42

Signal service 222,269 79 78,472 23 143,797 56

Gunboats on the Western rivers 3,239,314 18 3,239,314 18

Supplying, transporting, and delivering arms and munitions of war to loyal citizens in States in rebellion against the Government of the United States 1,649,596 57 1,649,596 57

Collecting, organizing, and drilling volunteers 29,091,666 57 29,091,666 57

Bridge-trains and equipage 1,413,701 75 1,413,701 75

Tool and siege trains 702,250 00 702,250 00

Completing the defenses of Washington 912,283 01 912,283 01

Commutation of rations to prisoners of war in rebel States 320,636 62 320,636 62

National cemeteries 4,162,848 39 4,162,848 39

Purchase of Ford’s Theatre 88,000 00 88,000 00

Temporary relief to destitute people in District of Columbia 57,000 00 57,000 00

Headstones, erection of headstones, pay of superintendents, and removing the remains of officers to national cemeteries 1,080,185 54 1,080,185 54

State of Tennessee for keeping and maintaining United States military prisoners 22,749 49 22,749 49

Capture of Jeff. Davis 97,031 62 97,031 62

Removing wreck of gunboat Oregon in Chefunct River, Louisiana 5,500 00 5,500 00

Support of Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen 11,454,237 30 11,454,237 30

Claims for quartermaster’s stores and commissary supplies 850,220 91 850,220 91

Miscellaneous claims audited by Third Auditor 94,223 11 47,112 11 47,111 00

Claims of loyal citizens for supplies furnished during the rebellion 4,170,304 54 4,170,304 54

Payment for use of Corcoran Art Gallery 125,000 00 125,000 00

Expenses of sales of stores and material 5,842 43 5,842 43

Transportation of insane volunteer soldiers 1,000 00 1,000 00

Horses and other property lost in military service 4,281,724 91 4,281,724 91

Purchase of cemetery grounds near Columbus, Ohio 500 00 500 00

Fortifications on the Northern Frontier 683,748 12 683,748 12

Pay of the Navy 144,549,073 96 70,086,769 62 74,462,304 34

Provisions of the Navy 32,771,931 16 16,403,307 34 16,368,623 82

Clothing of the Navy 2,709,491 98 1,114,701 00 1,594,790 98

Construction and repair 170,007,781 25 35,829,684 80 134,178,096 65

5022Equipment of vessels $25,174,614 53 $25,174,614 53

Ordnance 38,063,357 67 $6,641,263 30 31,422,094 37

Surgeons’ necessaries 2,178,769 74 241,025 68 1,937,744 06

Yards and docks 33,638,156 59 3,337,854 52 30,300,302 07

Fuel for the Navy 19,952,754 36 8,612,521 68 11,340,232 68

Hemp for the Navy 2,836,916 69 1,938,664 42 898,252 27

Steam machinery 49,297,318 57 49,297,318 57

Navigation 2,526,247 00 2,526,247 00

Naval hospitals 875,452 34 375,789 40 499,662 94

Magazines 753,822 13 349,290 48 404,531 65

Marine corps, pay, clothing, &c. 16,726,906 00 8,969,290 82 7,757,615 18

Naval Academy 2,640,440 87 778,308 86 1,862,132 01

Naval Asylum, Philadelphia 652,049 89 65,394 00 586,655 89

Temporary increase of the Navy 8,123,766 21 8,123,766 21

Miscellaneous appropriations 2,614,044 77 2,614,044 77

Naval pensions 7,540,043 00 950,000 00 6,590,043 00

Bounties to seamen 2,821,530 10 2,821,530 10

Bounty for destruction of enemy’s vessels 271,309 28 271,309 28

Indemnity for lost clothing 389,025 33 389,025 33

Total expenditures $6,844,571,431 03 $654,641,522 45 $6,189,929,908 58

Note.—Only the appropriations from which war expenditures were made are included in the above.

NATIONAL DEBTS, EXPENDITURE AND COMMERCE, PER CAPITA.

Country. Debt per head. Annual expenditure per head. Annual imports per head. Annual exports per head.

Argentine Republic $39.07 $12.04 $20.31 $25.66

Austria-Hungary 5.73 1.63 7.19 5.70

Austria proper 65.26 9.29

Hungary proper 17.68 7.53

Belgium 48.08 10.13 53.41 46.06

Bolivia 10.04 2.58 3.30 2.08

Brazil 36.43 6.70 8.71 10.31

Canada 31.16 6.69 25.87 24.94

Chili 24.49 10.66 18.21 17.95

Colombia 5.22 .94 2.35 3.38

Denmark 27.19 6.83 26.31 17.95

Ecuador 20.20 24.36 8.77 4.51

Egypt 85.82 10.42 5.52 12.94

France 127.23 14.07 24.17 26.05

German Empire .70 3.15 21.54 14.21

Prussia 10.55 6.33

Great Britain and Ireland 114.62 12.35 59.11 40.59

Greece 27.50 5.35 16.49 10.30

India, British 3.01 1.42 .93 1.48

Italy 71.94 10.12 9.67 8.85

Mexico 42.63 2.68 3.13 3.41

Netherlands 101.21 11.37 71.27 67.70

Norway 7.48 5.91 28.77 18.77

Paraguay 54.72 3.39 2.55 2.74

Peru 79.82 12.62 14.02

Portugal 96.84 6.70 8.60 5.97

Roumania 11.82 3.85 3.19 5.60

Russia 26.33 4.83 4.22 3.23

Servia 3.61 1.43 4.58 4.06

Spain 142.71 7.83 3.96 4.48

Sweden 8.86 4.93 19.39 14.11

Switzerland 2.25 3.08

Turkey 31.70 4.38 2.23 1.59

United States 52.56 6.13 12.64 15.40

Uruguay 98.00 15.28 40.25 38.09

Venezuela 35.11 2.04 6.72 9.52

5023

STATEMENT

Average Values of Gold in United States Paper Currency in the New York Market from the Suspension to the Resumption of Specie Payments, during the period of Seventeen Years, from 1862 to 1878, both inclusive—Prepared for the U. S. Treasury Department by E. B. Elliott.

Currency Value of Gold.

Table showing the Average Value in Currency of One Hundred Dollars in Gold in the New York Market, by Months, Quarter-years, Half-years, Calendar Years, and Fiscal Years, from January 1, 1862, to December 31, 1878, both inclusive.

PERIODS. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869.

January 102.5 145.1 155.5 216.2 140.1 134.6 138.5 135.6

February 103.5 160.5 158.6 205.5 138.4 137.4 141.4 134.4

March 101.8 154.5 162.9 173.8 130.5 135. 139.5 131.3

April 101.5 151.5 172.7 148.5 127.3 135.6 138.7 132.9

May 103.3 148.9 176.3 135.6 131.8 137. 139.6 139.2

June 106.5 144.5 210.7 140.1 148.7 137.5 140.1 138.1

July 115.5 130.6 258.1 142.1 151.6 139.4 142.7 136.1

August 114.5 125.8 254.1 143.5 148.7 109.8 145.5 134.2

September 118.5 134.2 222.5 143.9 145.5 143.4 143.6 136.8

October 128.5 147.7 207.2 145.5 148.3 143.5 137.1 130.2

November 131.1 148. 233.5 147. 143.8 139.6 134.4 126.2

December 132.3 151.1 227.5 146.2 136.7 134.8 135.2 121.5

First quarter-year 102.6 153.4 159. 198.5 136.3 135.7 139.8 133.8

Second quarter-year 103.8 148.3 186.6 141.4 135.9 136.7 139.5 136.7

Third quarter-year 116.2 130.2 244.9 143.2 148.6 141.2 143.9 135.7

Fourth quarter-year 130.6 148.9 222.7 146.2 142.9 139.3 135.6 126.

First half-year 103.2 150.8 172.8 169.9 136.1 136.2 139.6 135.3

Second half-year 123.4 139.6 233.8 144.7 145.8 140.3 139.8 130.8

Calendar year 113.3 145.2 203.3 157.3 140.9 138.2 139.7 133.

Fiscal year ended June 30 137.1 156.2 201.9 140.4 141. 139.9 137.5

PERIODS. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878.

January 121.3 110.7 109.1 112.7 111.4 112.5 112.8 106.3 102.1

February 119.5 111.5 110.3 114.1 112.3 114.5 113.4 105.4 102.

March 112.6 111. 110.1 115.5 112.1 115.5 114.3 104.8 101.2

April 113.1 110.6 111.1 117.8 113.4 114.8 113. 106.2 100.6

May 114.7 111.5 113.7 117.7 112.4 115.8 112.6 106.9 100.7

June 112.9 112.4 113.9 116.5 111.3 117. 112.5 105.4 100.8

July 116.8 112.4 114.3 115.7 110. 114.8 111.9 105.4 100.5

August 117.9 112.4 114.4 115.4 109.7 113.5 111.2 105. 100.6

September 114.8 114.5 113.5 112.7 109.7 115.8 110. 103.3 100.4

October 112.8 113.2 113.2 108.9 110. 116.4 109.7 102.8 100.6

November 111.4 111.2 112.9 108.6 110.9 114.7 109.1 102.8 100.2

December 110.7 109.3 112.2 110. 111.7 113.9 109.8 102.8 100.1

First quarter-year 117.8 111.1 109.8 114.1 111.9 114.2 113.5 105.5 101.7

Second quarter-year 113.6 111.5 112.9 117.3 112.4 115.9 112.7 106.2 100.7

Third quarter-year 116.5 113.1 114.1 114.6 109.8 114.7 111. 104.6 101.5

Fourth quarter-year 111.6 111.2 112.8 109.2 110.9 115. 108.9 102.8 101.3

First half-year 115.7 111.3 111.4 115.7 112.2 115.1 113.1 105.9 101.2

Second half-year 114. 121.1 113.4 111.9 110.3 114.8 109.9 103.7 100.4

Calendar year 114.9 111.7 112.4 113.8 111.2 114.9 111.5 104.8 100.8

Fiscal year ended June 30 123.3 112.7 111.8 114.6 112. 112.7 113.9 107.9 102.8

5024

CHRONOLOGICAL POLITICS.

1765.—March 8.—Parliament passes the Stamp Act. Oct. 7.—Colonial Congress met at New York.

1766.—Stamp Act repealed, Mar. 18.

1767.—June 29.—Bill passed taxing tea, glass, paper, etc., in the American colonies.

1768.—Massachusetts assembly petition the King against the late tax.

1773.—The inhabitants of Boston throw 342 chests of the taxed tea into the sea.

1774.—Mar. 31.—The Boston Port Bill passed by Parliament. Sept. 5.—The first Continental Congress meets at Philadelphia.

1775.—April 19.—The war for American Independence commences with the Battle of Lexington.

1776.—July 4.—America is declared “Free, sovereign, and independent”—a declaration which is signed by the following States: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.

1777.—Dec. 16.—France acknowledges the independence of the United States.

1778.—Feb. 6.—Treaties of Amity and Commerce adopted between the United States and France.

1781.—Feb.—Articles of Confederation ratified by the States.

1782.—Oct. 8.—Independence of United States acknowledged by Holland. Nov. 3.—Temporary Treaty of Peace signed at Paris.

1783.—Sept. 3.—Treaty of Peace signed at Paris. Nov. 3.—American army disbanded. Nov. 25.—New York evacuated by the British. Dec. 19.—Charleston evacuated by British. Dec. 23.—Washington resigns his commission to Congress.

1785.—June 1.—John Adams, first minister from U. S. to London.

1786.—Nov.—Shay’s insurrection broke out in Massachusetts.

1787.—Sept. 17.—Constitution of the United States adopted by all the States, except Rhode Island.

1788.—Cotton planted in Georgia.

1789.—First Congress. Ten Amendments to the Constitution passed. Departments of Government organized. Washington appoints a National Thanksgiving. April 14.—George Washington declared the first President of the United States. Ratio of Representatives, 30,000; Members of Congress 65.

1789.—Many Treaties with the Indians. Hamilton recommends the first Tariff; passed and approved.

1790.—The territory south of the Ohio river ceded to the United States. Naturalization Law passed. Treason defined and penalty determined. First Census, 3,929,326. System of Finance adopted; Government assumes State Debts; Public Debt funded; Seat of government removed from New York to Philadelphia.

1791.—First United States bank established at Philadelphia; Capital, $10,000,000. First Tax on Distilled Spirits.

1792.—U. S. Mint established. Apportionment Bill passed, fixing ratio of Representation at, 33,000; 103 members in Congress. Uniform system of Militia established. Post Office department organized anew.

1793.—Washington again inaugurated President. Neutrality declared in regard to France. First Fugitive Slave Law passed. French Minister Gernet recalled by request of Government; returns to organize Democratic or Jacobin Societies.

1794.—Commercial Treaty concluded with Great Britain. The Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania. Regulation of Slave Trade by law. A sixty days Embargo as a retaliation on British “Order in Council.”

1795.—Second Naturalization Law passed. Jay’s Commercial Treaty with Great Britain. Treaty of Madrid. Disagreement of the United States with Algeria.

1796.—Washington’s Farewell Address. Contest between the President and House over the British Treaty. John Adams elected President.

1797.—Congress declares the treaties with France annulled. Privateering against friendly nations forbidden.

1798.—Congress passes an Act for raising a regular army. Washington appointed Lieutenant-General and Commander-in-Chief. Congress authorizes Naval Warfare with France; Commercial Intercourse with France suspended; Navy Department organized.

1799.—Congress votes to raise an army of 40,000 men. American Navy consists of 42 vessels with 950 guns. Pennsylvania seat of government removed to Lancaster. Washington dies at Mount Vernon, Va.

1800.—Treaty of Peace with France. General Law of Bankruptcy approved. Second official census—population 5,308,483. Removal of the Capitol from Philadelphia to Washington. Election of Thomas Jefferson President.

1801.—War against Tripoli declared. The Republican party under Thomas Jefferson, comes into power with Jefferson President.

1802.—Louisiana ceded to France by Spain. Naturalization Laws made more liberal. Representatives, 141.

1803.—Louisiana purchased of France for $15,000,000. Congress gives the President extraordinary authority to maintain Free Navigation of the Mississippi. A brief war with the Barbary States.

1804.—Re-election of Jefferson as a Republican. Treaty of Peace concluded with Tripoli.

1805.—Troubles with Great Britain begin.

1806.—Congress provides the importation of certain goods. Disputes with England and France respecting Neutral Rights. England plainly claims the right to search American vessels for deserting seamen; Jefferson disputes it.

50251807.—Congress lays an embargo. United States Coast Survey authorized. Conspiracy of Aaron Burr to divide the Union. English ships of war ordered to leave American waters. The first boat goes by steam.

1808.—The Slave Trade abolished by act of Congress. Madison elected President as a Republican.

1809.—Proclamation forbidding all intercourse with Great Britain and France. Embargo repealed. Madison inaugurated.

1810.—Third official census.

1811.—Population of United States 7,239,903. Ratio of Representation fixed at 35,000. Continued troubles with England. War with Tecumseh.

1812.—Congress lays an embargo on American shipping. General Land Office established. More than 6,000 cases of impressment recorded. War declared on the 18th of June against Great Britain. Madison re-elected President, as a Republican.

1813.—Congress authorizes an issue of $5,000,000 and a loan of $16,000,000. Entire American coast blockaded by British ships. Several battles on land and sea.

1814.—Treaty of peace between the United States and England signed at Ghent. A loan of $25,000,000 authorized.

1815.—A loan of $18,400,000 and an issue of $25,000,000 authorized. Government ratifies Treaty of Ghent, and President proclaims peace 18th Feb. Government ceases to pay tribute to Algiers. Battle of New Orleans. Peace followed, though treaty of peace preceded the battle.

1816.—First high Protective Tariff enacted. Second United States Bank chartered for twenty years; Capital, $35,000,000. Monroe elected President as Republican or Democrat.

1817.—Internal Taxes abolished. DeWitt Clinton causes the Erie canal to be commenced. The Era of Peace. United States Bank opened at Philadelphia. Commencement of the Seminole war.

1818.—Pension Law enacted. National Flag re-arranged, so that the Stripes represent the Original Thirteen Colonies and the Stars the present number of States. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with England. Seminole war in Florida and Georgia.

1819.—Congress ratifies the Treaty for the Cession of Florida. Beginning of the discussion between the North and South in regard to the Slavery Question. The “Savannah”—the first steamer from New York to Liverpool.

1820.—Missouri Compromise passed. Navigation Act restricting importation to United States vessels. Country agitated over the Slavery question. Fourth official census, 9,633,822.

1822.—Florida made a territory. Ratio of Representation fixed at 40,000; Members, 213. Commercial treaty with France. Federal party disbands. Clintonian Democratic party organized in New York.

1823.—Independence of South American Republics acknowledged. Treaty with Great Britain for mutual suppression of the Slave Traffic. The “Monroe Doctrine” advanced. Party politics quiet.

1824.—John Quincy Adams, Whig, elected by the House. Second high Protective Tariff.

1825.—Panama Mission discussed. John Quincy Adams inaugurated.

1826.—Extensive Internal Improvements under the leadership of Clay. The Fiftieth Anniversary of American Independence. Death of Adams and Jefferson. Webster delivers his celebrated eulogy on them.

1827.—Experimenting on the construction of a railroad.

1828.—Tariff amended and Duties increased. Jackson elected President.

1829.—Webster’s great speech against Nullification. Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Brazil. Jackson inaugurated. “To the victor belongs the spoils.”

1830.—Treaty with Turkey, securing for the United States freedom of the Black Sea. Treaty between the United States and Ottoman Porte. Fifth official census: population 12,866,020.

1831.—Building railroads actively.

1832.—Treaty of Commerce with Russia. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with Mexico. Bill for re-chartering United States Bank vetoed by President Jackson. His proclamation against Nullifiers. Resignation of John C. Calhoun. Black Hawk War commences. South Carolina declares the doctrine of nullification. Representatives 240.

1833.—Andrew Jackson commences his second administration. Gen. Santa Anna elected President of Mexico. Public deposits removed from the United States Bank by the President, and distributed among certain State banks. Secretary of Treasury, W. P. Duane, refusing to carry out the policy, is removed. Lucifer, or Locofoco matches introduced, and the Democrats called “Locofocos.”

1834.—President Jackson censured by Congress for removing Government deposits.—France and Portugal, slow in paying for injuries done United States commerce, are brought to terms by the President.

1835.—War with Seminoles.

1836.—Office of Commissioner of Patents created. Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with Venezuela. Charter for United States Bank expires. Not renewed. Financial trouble brewing. Martin VanBuren, Democrat, elected President.

1837.—The Independence of Texas acknowledged. Issue of $10,000,000 Treasury notes authorized. President refuses to remit the regulation regarding the “Specie Circular.” Financial panic follows, banks suspend Specie Payments in March, and resume in July. VanBuren inaugurated.

1838.—National debt paid—surplus revenue divided among the States. President enjoins neutrality during Canadian Rebellion.

1839.—United States Bank suspends payment. Disturbances on the Northeastern boundaries of Maine.

1840.—Sub-Treasury bill passed. Sixth official census; population 17,069,453. Gen’l Harrison, Whig, elected President. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” campaign. 1826.—Extensive Internal Improvements under the leadership of Clay. The Fiftieth Anniversary of American Independence. Death of Adams and Jefferson. Webster delivers his celebrated eulogy on them.

1827.—Experimenting on the construction of a railroad.

1828.—Tariff amended and Duties increased. Jackson elected President.

1829.—Webster’s great speech against Nullification. Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Brazil. Jackson inaugurated. “To the victor belongs the spoils.”

1830.—Treaty with Turkey, securing for the United States freedom of the Black Sea. Treaty between the United States and Ottoman Porte. Fifth official census: population 12,866,020.

1831.—Building railroads actively.

1832.—Treaty of Commerce with Russia. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with Mexico. Bill for re-chartering United States Bank vetoed by President Jackson. His proclamation against Nullifiers. Resignation of John C. Calhoun. Black Hawk War commences. South Carolina declares the doctrine of nullification. Representatives 240.

1833.—Andrew Jackson commences his second administration. Gen. Santa Anna elected President of Mexico. Public deposits removed from the United States Bank by the President, and distributed among certain State banks. Secretary of Treasury, W. P. Duane, refusing to carry out the policy, is removed. Lucifer, or Locofoco matches introduced, and the Democrats called “Locofocos.”

1834.—President Jackson censured by Congress for removing Government deposits.—France and Portugal, slow in paying for injuries done United States commerce, are brought to terms by the President.

1835.—War with Seminoles.

1836.—Office of Commissioner of Patents created. Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with Venezuela. Charter for United States Bank expires. Not renewed. Financial trouble brewing. Martin VanBuren, Democrat, elected President.

1837.—The Independence of Texas acknowledged. Issue of $10,000,000 Treasury notes authorized. President refuses to remit the regulation regarding the “Specie Circular.” Financial panic follows, banks suspend Specie Payments in March, and resume in July. VanBuren inaugurated.

1838.—National debt paid—surplus revenue divided among the States. President enjoins neutrality during Canadian Rebellion.

1839.—United States Bank suspends payment. Disturbances on the Northeastern boundaries of Maine.

1840.—Sub-Treasury bill passed. Sixth official census; population 17,069,453. Gen’l Harrison, Whig, elected President. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” campaign.

50261841.—Congress meets in extra session. Imprisonment for debts due the United States abolished. Central Bankrupt Law passed. A loan of $12,000,000 authorized. Sub-Treasury Act repealed. Revenues received from public lands ordered to be distributed among the States. Two bills for re-chartering the United States Bank vetoed. All members of the Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, resign. Failure of United States Bank under Pennsylvania charter. Harrison dies; Tyler succeeds him.