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The Works of Alexander Pope, Volume 1, Poetry - Volume 1

SPRING:

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THE FIRST PASTORAL,

OR

DAMON.

TO SIR WILLIAM TRUMBULL.[1]

First in these fields I try the sylvan strains,[2] Nor blush to sport on Windsor's blissful plains:[3] Fair Thames, flow gently from thy sacred spring,[4] While on thy banks Sicilian[5] muses sing; Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play,[6]5 And Albion's cliffs resound the rural lay.[7] You, that too wise for pride, too good for pow'r,[8] Enjoy the glory to be great no more, And carrying with you all the world can boast,[9] To all the world illustriously are lost!10 O let my muse her slender reed inspire, Till in your native shades[10] you tune the lyre: So when the nightingale to rest removes, The thrush may chant to the forsaken groves,[11] But, charmed to silence, listens while she sings,15 And all th' aërial audience clap their wings.[12] Soon as the flocks shook off the nightly dews,[13] Two swains, whom love kept wakeful, and the muse, Poured o'er the whit'ning[14] vale their fleecy care, Fresh as the morn, and as the season fair:[15]20 The dawn now blushing on the mountain's side, Thus Daphnis spoke, and Strephon thus replied.[16] DAPHNIS. Hear how the birds, on ev'ry bloomy spray,[17] With joyous music wake the dawning day![18] Why sit we mute, when early linnets sing,25 When warbling Philomel salutes the spring?[19] Why sit we sad, when Phosphor[20] shines so clear, And lavish nature paints the purple[21] year?[22] STREPHON. Sing then, and Damon shall attend the strain, While yon slow oxen turn the furrowed plain.30 Here the bright crocus and blue vi'let glow,[23] Here western winds on breathing[24] roses blow.[25] I'll stake yon lamb that near the fountain plays, And from the brink his dancing shade surveys.[26] DAPHNIS. And I this bowl, where wanton ivy twines,[27]35 And swelling clusters bend the curling vines:[28] Four figures rising from the work appear,[29] The various seasons of the rolling year;[30] And what is that, which binds the radiant sky, Where twelve fair signs in beauteous order lie?[31]40 DAMON. Then sing by turns, by turns the muses sing;[32] Now hawthorns blossom, now the daisies spring, Now leaves the trees, and flow'rs adorn the ground; Begin, the vales shall ev'ry note rebound.[33] STREPHON. Inspire me, Phœbus, in my Delia's praise,[34]45 With Waller's strains, or Granville's moving lays![35] A milk-white bull shall at your altars stand, That threats a fight, and spurns the rising sand.[36] DAPHNIS. O Love! for Sylvia let me gain the prize,[37] And make my tongue victorious as her eyes:50 No lambs or sheep for victims I'll impart, Thy victim, Love, shall be the shepherd's heart. STREPHON. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then hid in shades, eludes her eager swain;[38] But feigns a laugh to see me search around,55 And by that laugh the willing fair is found.[39] DAPHNIS. The sprightly Sylvia trips along the green, She runs, but hopes she does not run unseen,[40] While a kind glance at her pursuer flies,[41] How much at variance are her feet and eyes![42]60 STREPHON.[43] O'er golden sand let rich Pactolus flow,[44] And trees weep amber on the banks of Po;[45] Bright Thames's shores the brightest beauties yield, Feed here, my lambs, I'll seek no distant field. DAPHNIS. Celestial Venus haunts Idalia's groves;65 Diana Cynthus, Ceres Hybla loves; If Windsor-shades delight the matchless maid, Cynthus and Hybla yield to Windsor-shade.[46] STREPHON. All nature mourns, the skies relent in show'rs,[47] Hushed are the birds, and closed the drooping flow'rs;70 If Delia smile, the flow'rs begin to spring, The skies to brighten, and the birds to sing.[48] DAPHNIS. All nature laughs,[49] the groves are fresh and fair, The sun's mild lustre warms the vital air; If Sylvia smiles, new glories gild the shore,75 And vanquished nature seems to charm no more.[50] STREPHON. In spring the fields, in autumn hills I love, At morn the plains, at noon the shady grove, But Delia always; absent from her sight, Nor plains at morn, nor groves at noon delight.80 DAPHNIS. Sylvia's like autumn ripe, yet mild as May, More bright than noon, yet fresh as early day;[51] Ev'n spring displeases, when she shines not here; But blest with her, 'tis spring throughout the year. STREPHON. Say, Daphnis, say, in what glad soil appears,85 A wondrous tree that sacred monarchs bears;[52] Tell me but this, and I'll[53] disclaim the prize, And give the conquest to thy Sylvia's eyes. DAPHNIS. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields[54] The thistle springs, to which the lily yields:[55]90 And then a nobler prize I will resign; For Sylvia, charming Sylvia shall be thine. DAMON. Cease to contend; for, Daphnis, I decree The bowl to Strephon, and the lamb to thee.[56] Blest swains, whose nymphs in ev'ry grace excel;95 Blest nymphs, whose swains those graces sing so well! Now rise, and haste to yonder woodbine bow'rs, A soft retreat from sudden vernal show'rs; The turf with rural dainties shall be crowned,[57] While op'ning blooms diffuse their sweets around.100 For see! the gath'ring flocks to shelter tend, And from the Pleiads[58] fruitful show'rs descend.

FOOTNOTES:

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · Our author's friendship with this gentleman commenced at very unequal years; he was under sixteen, but Sir William above sixty, and had lateNote 2 · Prima Syracusio dignata est ludere versu, Nostra nec erubuit sylvas habitare Thalia. Ecl. vi. 1. This is the general exordium and opening oNote 3 · Pope not only imitated the lines he quotes from Virgil, but, as Wakefield points out, was also indebted to Dryden's translation of them. I fNote 4 · Evidently imitated from Spenser's Prothalamion: Sweet Thames run softly till I end my song.—Wakefield.Note 5 · Because Theocritus, the father of Pastoral Poetry, was a Sicilian.—Professor Martyn.Note 6 · Paradise Regained, ii. 27: Where winds with reeds and osiers whisp'ring play. Dryden, Theodore and Honoria: The winds within the quiv'ring bNote 7 · Roscommon's Essay on Translated Verse: And Albion's rocks repeat his rural song.—Wakefield. The term "Albion's cliffs," which is usually appNote 8 · The expression in this verse is philosophically just. True wisdom is the knowledge of ourselves, which terminates in a conviction of our absNote 9 · Waller, The Maid's Tragedy Altered: Happy is she that from the world retires, And carries with her what the world admires.—Wilkes.Note 10 · Sir W. Trumbull was born in Windsor-forest, to which he retreated after he had resigned the post of secretary of state of King William III.—Note 11 · Warton observes that the nightingale does not sing till the other birds are at rest. This is a mistake; the nightingale sings by day as wellNote 12 · Concanen, in a pamphlet called A Supplement to the Profound, objected to the use of an image borrowed from the theatre, and Pope, in vindicaNote 13 · The scene of this Pastoral a valley, the time the morning. It stood originally thus, Daphnis and Strephon to the shades retired, Both warmedNote 14 · The epithet "whitening" most happily describes the progressive effect of the light.—Wakefield.Note 15 · Dryden's Palamon and Arcite: Fresh as the month, and as the morning fair.—Wakefield.Note 16 · From Virgil, Ecl. vii. 20: Hos Corydon, illos referebat in ordine Thyrsis.—Wakefield.Note 17 · Milton's first sonnet: O! nightingale, that on yon bloomy spray Warblest at eve!—Wakefield.Note 18 · Congreve's Tears of Amaryllis for Amyntas: When grateful birds prepare their thanks to pay, And warble hymns to hail the dawning day.—WakefiNote 19 · Waller's Chloris and Hylas: Hylas, oh Hylas! why sit we mute Now that each bird saluteth the spring.—Wakefield. Concanen having commented inNote 20 · Phosphor was the Greek name for the planet Venus when she appeared as a morning star.Note 21 · Purple is here used in the Latin sense of the brightest, most vivid colouring in general, not of that specific tint so called.—Warburton.Note 22 · Dryden in his Cock and Fox: See, my dear! How lavish nature has adorned the year.—Wakefield.Note 23 · In the manuscript this verse ran There the pale primrose and the vi'let glow, which was evidently borrowed from a line in Dryden's Cock and Note 24 · "Breathing" means breathing odours, and Wakefield quotes Paradise Lost, ii. 244: his altar breathes Ambrosial odours and ambrosial flowers.Note 25 · Pope rarely mentions flowers without being guilty of some mistake as to the seasons they blow in. Who ever saw roses, crocuses, and violets Note 26 · The first reading was, And his own image from the bank surveys.—Pope. Pope submitted the reading in the note, and that in the text to Walsh,Note 27 · Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis, Diffusos edera vestit pallente corymbos. Virg.—Pope.Note 28 · Variation: And clusters lurk beneath the curling vines.—Pope. Dryden's Virgil, Eclogues: The grapes in clusters lurk beneath the vines.—BowlNote 29 · Dryden, Æn. viii. 830: And Roman triumphs rising on the gold.—Wakefield.Note 30 · The subject of these Pastorals engraven on the bowl is not without its propriety. The Shepherd's hesitation at the name of the zodiac imitatNote 31 · Dryden, Georg. i. 328. And cross their limits cut a sloping way, Which the twelve signs in beauteous order sway.—Wakefield.Note 32 · Literally from Virgil, Ecl. iii. 59: Alternis dicetis: amant alterna Camœnæ, Et nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbos, Nunc frondent syNote 33 · Dryden, Ecl. x. 11. And echo, from the vales, the tuneful voice rebound.—Wakefield.Note 34 · In place of this couplet the original manuscript read, Ye fountain nymphs, propitious to the swain, Now grant me Phœbus', or Alexis' strain.Note 35 · George Granville, afterwards Lord Lansdowne, known for his poems, most of which he composed very young, and proposed Waller as his model.—PoNote 36 · Virgil, Ecl. iii. 86: Pascite taurum, Qui cornu petat, et pedibus jam spargat arenam.—Pope. Dryden, Æn. ix. 859: A snow-white steer before tNote 37 · Originally thus in the manuscript: Pan, let my numbers equal Strephon's lays, Of Parian stone thy statue will I raise; But if I conquer and Note 38 · Pope had at first written, The lovely Chloris beckons from the plain, Then hides in shades from her deluded swain. "Objection," he says, in Note 39 · He owes this thought to Horace, Ode i. 9, 21.—Wakefield. Or rather to the version of Dryden, since the lines of Pope have a closer resemblanNote 40 · Imitation of Virgil, Ecl. iii. 64: Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella, Et fugit ad salices, et se cupit ante videri.—Pope. He probably coNote 41 · Dryden's Don Sebastian; A brisk Arabian girl came tripping by; Passing, she cast at him a sidelong glance, And looked behind, in hopes to beNote 42 · A very trifling and false conceit.—Warton.Note 43 · In place of the next speech of Strephon, and the reply of Daphnis, the dialogue continued thus in the original manuscript: STREPHON. Go, floNote 44 · It stood thus at first: Let rich Iberia golden fleeces boast, Her purple wool the proud Assyrian coast, Blest Thames's shores, &c.—Pope.Note 45 · It is evident from the mention of the "golden sands" of Pactolus, and the "amber" of the poplars in connection with the Thames, that he had Note 46 · This couplet is a palpable imitation of Virgil, Ecl. vii. 67: Sæpius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas, Fraxinus in silvis cedet tibi, pinusNote 47 · Virg. Ecl. vii. 57: Aret ager, vitio moriens sitit aëris herba [&c.] Phyllidis adventu nostræ nemus omne virebit.—Pope.Note 48 · These verses were thus at first: All nature mourns, the birds their songs deny, Nor wasted brooks the thirsty flow'rs supply; If Delia smileNote 49 · Dryden, Ecl. vii. 76: And lavish nature laughs.Note 50 · Pope had at first written, If Sylvia smiles she brightens all the shore, The sun's outshined, and nature charms no more. This he submitted tNote 51 · Cowley, Davideis, iii. 553: Hot as ripe noon, sweet as the blooming day, Like July furious, but more fair than May.—Wakefield.Note 52 · An allusion to the royal oak, in which Charles II. had been hid from the pursuit after the battle of Worcester.—Pope. This wretched pun on tNote 53 · The contraction "I'll," which often occurs in these pastorals, is familiar and undignified.—Wakefield.Note 54 · It was thus in the manuscript: Nay, tell me first what region canst thou find In which by thistles lilies are outshined? If all thy skill caNote 55 · Alludes to the device of the Scots' monarchs, the thistle, worn by Queen Anne; and to the arms of France, the fleur de lys. The two riddles Note 56 · This is from Virg. Ecl. iii. 109: Et vitula tu dignus, et hic.—Wakefield.Note 57 · Originally: The turf with country dainties shall be spread, And trees with twining branches shade your head.—Pope.Note 58 · The Pleiades rose with the sun in April, and the poet ascribes the April showers to their influence.
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