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The Works of Alexander Pope, Volume 1, Poetry - Volume 1

MESSIAH,

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A SACRED ECLOGUE:

IN IMITATION OF VIRGIL'S POLLIO.

Ye Nymphs of Solyma![1] begin the song: To heav'nly themes sublimer strains[2] belong. The mossy fountains, and the sylvan shades, The dreams of Pindus[3] and th' Aonian maids, Delight no more[4]—O Thou my voice inspire Who touched Isaiah's hallowed lips with fire![5] Rapt[6] into future times, the bard begun:[7] A virgin shall conceive, a virgin bear a son![8] From Jesse's[9] root behold a branch arise, Whose sacred flow'r with fragrance fills the skies:10 Th' ethereal Spirit o'er its leaves shall move, And on its top descends the mystic dove.[10] Ye heav'ns! from high the dewy nectar pour,[11] And in soft silence shed the kindly show'r![12] The sick[13] and weak the healing plant shall aid,15 From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. All crimes shall cease, and ancient fraud[14] shall fail; Returning Justice[15] lift aloft her scale; Peace o'er the world her olive wand extend, And white-robed Innocence from heaven descend.20 Swift fly the years,[16] and rise th' expected morn! Oh spring to light, auspicious babe, be born![17] See Nature hastes her earliest wreaths to bring,[18] With all the incense of the breathing spring:[19] See lofty Lebanon[20] his head advance;25 See nodding forests on the mountains dance:[21] See spicy clouds from lowly Saron rise, And Carmel's flow'ry top perfumes the skies! Hark! a glad voice the lonely desert cheers; Prepare the way![22] a God, a God appears:30 A God, a God![23] the vocal hills reply, The rocks proclaim th' approaching deity. Lo, earth receives him from the bending skies! Sink down, ye mountains, and, ye valleys, rise; With heads declined, ye cedars, homage pay;[24]35 Be smooth, ye rocks;[25] ye rapid floods, give way! The Saviour comes! by ancient bards foretold! Hear him, ye deaf, and all ye blind, behold![26] He from thick films shall purge the visual ray,[27] And on the sightless eye-ball pour the day:40 'Tis he th' obstructed paths of sound shall clear,[28] And bid new music charm th' unfolding ear: The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego, And leap exulting like the bounding roe.[29] No sigh, no murmur the wide world shall hear,[30]45 From ev'ry face he wipes off ev'ry tear,[31] In adamantine[32] chains shall Death be bound, And hell's grim tyrant feel th' eternal wound. As the good shepherd tends his fleecy care, Seeks freshest pasture and the purest air,50 Explores the lost, the wand'ring sheep directs, By day o'ersees them, and by night protects, The tender lambs he[33] raises in his arms,[34] Feeds from his hand, and in his bosom warms;[35] Thus shall mankind his guardian care engage,55 The promised Father[36] of the future age. No more shall nation[37] against nation rise, Nor ardent warriors meet with hateful eyes, Nor fields with gleaming steel be covered o'er,[38] The brazen trumpets kindle rage no more;[39]60 But useless lances into scythes shall bend, And the broad faulchion in a plow-share end. Then palaces shall rise; the joyful son[40] Shall finish what his short-lived sire begun;[41] Their vines a shadow to their race shall yield,[42]65 And the same hand that sowed, shall reap the field. The swain in barren deserts[43] with surprise Sees lilies spring, and sudden verdure rise;[44] And starts, amidst the thirsty wilds, to hear New fells of water murm'ring in his ear.[45]70 On rifted rocks, the dragon's late abodes, The green reed trembles, and the bulrush nods. Waste sandy valleys,[46] once perplexed with thorn, The spiry fir and shapely box adorn; To leafless shrubs the flow'ring palms succeed,75 And od'rous myrtle to the noisome weed. The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead,[47] And boys in flow'ry bands the tiger lead;[48] The steer and lion at one crib shall meet,[49] And harmless serpents lick the pilgrim's feet.[50]80 The smiling infant in his hand shall take The crested basilisk and speckled snake, Pleased, the green lustre of the scales survey, And with their forky tongue shall innocently play.[51] Rise, crowned with light, imperial Salem,[52] rise![53]85 Exalt thy tow'ry head,[54] and lift thy eyes![55] See, a long race[56] thy spacious courts adorn; See future sons, and daughters yet unborn, In crowding ranks on ev'ry side arise, Demanding life, impatient for the skies!90 See barb'rous nations[57] at thy gates attend, Walk in thy light, and in thy temple bend; See thy bright altars thronged with prostrate kings, And heaped with products of Sabæan[58] springs![59] For thee Idume's spicy forests blow,95 And seeds of gold in Ophir's mountains glow. See heav'n its sparkling portals wide display, And break upon thee in a flood of day.[60] No more the rising sun[61] shall gild the morn, Nor ev'ning Cynthia[62] fill her silver horn;100 But lost, dissolved in thy superior rays, One tide of glory,[63] one unclouded blaze O'erflow thy courts: the Light himself shall shine Revealed, and God's eternal day be thine![64] The seas shall waste, the skies in smoke decay,[65]105 Rocks fall to dust, and mountains melt away; But fixed his word, his saving power remains: Thy realm for ever lasts, thy own Messiah reigns!

FOOTNOTES:

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · Solyma is the latter part of the Greek name for Jerusalem, Ἱεροσολυμα.Note 2 · Dryden's Virg. Ecl. iv. 1. Sicilian muse, begin a loftier strain—Wakefield.Note 3 · The poets of antiquity were thought to receive inspired dreams by sleeping on the poetic mountains.—Wakefield.Note 4 · The pause and words are evidently from Dryden, a greater harmonist, if I may say so, than Pope: The lovely shrubs and trees that shade the pNote 5 · Alluding to Isaiah vi. 6, 7. "Then flew one of the Seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he had taken with the tongs fromNote 6 · Rapt, that is, carried forwards from the present scene of things into a distant period, from the Latin rapio.—Wakefield.Note 7 · The poet wrongly uses "begun," instead of the past, began.—Wakefield.Note 8 · Virg. Ecl. iv. 6: Jam redit et Virge, redeunt Saturnia regna; Jam nova progenies cœlo demittitur alto.— Te duce, si qua manent sceleris vestNote 9 · Isaiah xi. i.—Pope. "And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots."Note 10 · Pope lowers the comparison when he follows it out into details, and likens the endowments of the Messiah to leaves, and his head to the top Note 11 · Isaiah xlv. 8.—Pope. "Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness."Note 12 · Dryden's Don Sebastian: But shed from nature like a kindly show'r.—Steevens.Note 13 · Isaiah xxv. 4,—Pope. "For thou hast been a strength to the poor, a strength to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow Note 14 · Warburton says that Pope referred to the fraud of the serpent, but the allusion is more general, and the poet had probably in his mind the "Note 15 · Isaiah ix. 7.—Pope. For Justice was fabled by the poets to quit the earth at the conclusion of the golden age.—Wakefield.Note 16 · This animated apostrophe is grounded on that of Virg. Ecl. iv. 46: Talia sæcla . . . currite . . .—Wakefield.Note 17 · This seems a palpable imitation of Callimachus, Hymn. Del. 214, but where our poet fell upon it I cannot discover.—Wakefield.Note 18 · Virg. Ecl. iv. 18: At tibi prima, puer, nullo munuscula cultu, Errantes hederas passim cum baccare tellus, Mixtaque ridenti colocasia fundetNote 19 · This couplet has too much prettiness, and too modern an air.—Warton.Note 20 · Isaiah xxxv. 2.—Pope. "It shall blossom abundantly, and rejoice even with joy and singing: the glory of Lebanon shall be given unto it, the Note 21 · An improper and burlesque image.—Warton. The line is too particular; it brings the image too close, and by exhibiting the action stronger thNote 22 · Virg. Ecl. iv. 46: Aggredere, ô magnos, aderit jam tempus, honores, Cara deum soboles, magnum Jovis incrementum. Ecl. v. 62: Ipsi lætitia voNote 23 · The repetition is in the true spirit of poetry, "Deus, deus ipse." The whole passage indeed is finely worked up from "lofty Lebanon" to the Note 24 · This line is faulty, for the same reason as given in the remark on "nodding forests." The action is brought too near, and for that reason thNote 25 · He seems to have had in his eye Cromwell's translation of Ovid, Amor, ii. 16: Then, as you pass, let mountains homage pay And bow their tow'Note 26 · Isaiah xlii. 18.—Pope. "Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see."Note 27 · The sense and language show, that by "visual ray," the poet meant the sight, or, as Milton calls it, indeed, something less boldly, "the visNote 28 · Isaiah xxxv. 5.—Pope. "The ears of the deaf shall be unstopped."Note 29 · Isaiah xxxv. 6.—Pope. "Then shall the lame man leap as an hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing."Note 30 · I wonder Dr. Warton had not here pointed out the force and the beauty of this most comprehensive and striking line.—Bowles.Note 31 · The verse, as first published, stood He wipes the tears for ever from our eyes, which was from Milton's Lycidas, ver. 181: And wipe the tearNote 32 · Isaiah xxv. 8.—Pope. "He will swallow up death in victory." The meaning of the original has been missed by Pope. The promise was not that meNote 33 · "He" is redundant.—Warton.Note 34 · Isaiah xl. 11.—Pope. "He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom."Note 35 · He was betrayed into a little impropriety here, by not being aware that the "bosom," in classic use, commonly means the capacious flow of thNote 36 · Isaiah ix. 6.—Pope. "His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the mighty God, the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace."Note 37 · Isaiah ii. 4.—Pope. "They shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword agaNote 38 · The words "covered o'er" form an insipid termination of this verse.—Wakefield.Note 39 · Mr. Steevens aptly quotes Virg. Æn. vi. 165: Ære ciere viros. With breathing brass to kindle fierce alarms. Dryden.—Wakefield.Note 40 · Isaiah lxv. 21, 22.—Pope. "And they shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. They shNote 41 · A line almost wholly borrowed from Dryden's Britannica Rediviva: And finish what thy god-like sire begins—Wakefield.Note 42 · St. John iv. 37. "One soweth, and another reapeth."—Wakefield.Note 43 · Isaiah xxxv. 1.—Pope. "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose."Note 44 · Virg. Ecl. iv. 28: Molli paulatim flavescet campus arista, Incultisque rubens pendebit sentibus uva, Et duræ quercus sudabunt roscida mella.Note 45 · Pope has been happy in introducing this circumstance.—Warton.Note 46 · Isaiah xli. 19, and chap. lv. 13.—Pope. "I will set in the desert the fir-tree, and the pine, and the box-tree together."Note 47 · Virg. Ecl. iv. 21: Ipsæ lacte domum referent distenta capelæ Ubera, nec magnos metuent armeuta leones.— Occidet et serpens, et fallax herba Note 48 · The similarity of the rhymes in this couplet to those of the preceding is a blemish to this passage.—Wakefield.Note 49 · Isaiah lxv. 25.—Pope. "The lion shall eat straw like the bullock: and dust shall be the serpent's meat."Note 50 · Pope's line may have been suggested by Ovid's description of the transformation of Cadmus and his wife into snakes. Of Cadmus it is said, MeNote 51 · Originally, And with their forky tongue and pointless sting shall play. Wakefield conjectures that Pope altered the line from having learnt Note 52 · Salem is used for Jerusalem in Psalm lxxvi. 2.Note 53 · Isaiah lx. 1.—Pope. "Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee."Note 54 · The thoughts of Isaiah, which compose the latter part of the poem, are wonderfully elevated, and much above those general exclamations of ViNote 55 · The open vowel thy eyes is particularly offensive.—Wakefield.Note 56 · Isaiah lx. 4.—Pope. "Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come frNote 57 · Isaiah lx. 3.—Pope. "And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising."Note 58 · Dryden in his Aureng-Zebe: What sweet soe'er Sabæan springs disclose.—Steevens. Saba, in Arabia, was noted for its aromatic products. Thus MNote 59 · Isaiah lx. 6.—Pope. "All they from Sheba shall come; they shall bring gold and incense; and they shall show forth the praises of the Lord."Note 60 · Broome, in Pope's Miscellanies, p. 104: A stream of glory, and a flood of day.—Wakefield.Note 61 · Isaiah lx. 19, 20.—Pope. "The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee; but the LorNote 62 · Cynthia is an improper, because a classical word.—Warton. Sandys' Ovid: Now waxing Phœbe filled her wained horns.—Wakefield.Note 63 · Here is a remarkably fine effect of versification. The poet rises with his subject, and the correspondent periods seem to flow more copious Note 64 · This fine expression is borrowed from Dryden's Ode on Mrs. Killegrew: Thou wilt have time enough for hymns divine, Since heaven's eternal yeNote 65 · Isaiah li. 6, and chap. liv. 10.—Pope. "The heavens shall vanish away like smoke, and the earth shall wax old like a garment, but my salvati
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