HAWAIIAN LEGENDS: GLOSSARY.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

The Hawaiian alphabet proper contains but twelve letters, five vowels and seven consonants, namely: A, E, I, O, U, H, K, L, M, N, P, W. To these are sometimes added R, T and B. No appreciable distinction, however, is observed between the sounds of R and L, T and K, and B and P.

The almost invariable sound of A is as pronounced in father; of E as in they; of I as in marine; of O as in mole; of U as in mute. The only general deviation is in giving the vowels long and short sounds. W takes the sound of V in most cases.

Every word and every syllable of the language ends in a vowel, and no two consonants occur without a vowel sound between them.

The accent of nine-tenths of the words in the language is on the penultimate.

The indefinite article is he; the definite article ka or ke; the plural takes the prefix of na.

The “O” beginning the metrical lines of chants and meles is not always employed as an interjection. It is used chiefly as a prefix to personal nouns and pronouns in the nominative case.

A.

Aa, the root of any vegetation.

Ae, the affirmative; yes.

Ao, light.

Aaakoko, a vein or artery.

Auwina la, afternoon.

Akane, an intimate friend.

Aole, the negative; no.

Ai, food of any kind.

Auhau, any tax due to a chief.

Au, a current; the gale.

Auwae, the chin.

Aumoe, midnight.

Aouli, the sky.

Aumakua, the spirit of a deceased ancestor.

Ailo, chiefs permitted to eat with the king.

Ahiahi, evening.

Aha-alii, chiefs of accepted and irrevocable rank.

Aha, a sacred tabu prayer, during which any noise was death.

Ahi, fire.

Ahinahina, the color of gray.

Aka, a shadow.

Akua, a spirit or god.

Akepaa, the liver.

Akemama, the lungs.

Aku, a mythical bird, sacred to the high priesthood.

Ala, a path, road or way.

Ala-nui, a great path.

Alaula, the red path; the dawn.

Aho, a breath.

Aha-ula, a feather cape worn by chiefs.

Alae, a sacred bird.

Alii-koa, a military leader; a general.

Aloha, love; love to you; a greeting or salutation.

Alii, a chief.

Alii-nui, a great or principal chief.

Alii-niaupio, Alii-pio, Alii-naha, Alii-wohi and Lo-alii, different grades of chiefs.

Anu, a receptacle in the inner temple from which issued the oracles.

Anaana, the process of praying another to death.

Anuenue, a rainbow.

Ana, a cave or cavern.

Apapani, a little song-bird.

Awa, a plant; an intoxicating drink made of awa; a harbor.

Awakea, noon.

E.

Ea, breath; air; a fish tabu to women.

Eleele, black, or dark blue.

Eha, pain.

I.

Ia, general name for fish.

Ie, a vine for decorating idols.

Iu, a sacred or tabued place.

Ihe, a javelin used in war.

Io, the human flesh.

Ihimanu, a fish tabu to women.

Ihu, the nose.

Iku-nuu, of the royal strain.

Iku-pau, of the priestly or sacred strain.

Ili, the smallest division of land; the bark; the skin.

Imu, an oven for cooking.

Ilio, a dog; a stingy person.

Imu-loa, an oven for baking men.

Ipu, a calabash; a vessel; a container.

Iliahi, sandal-wood.

Iwi, a small bird with yellow feathers; the bone.

O.

O, a fork, or pointed implement used in eating.

Oo, a bird with yellow feathers, used in making royal mantles.

Oa, the rafters of a house.

Oi-e, a name for the godhead.

Oala, a club thrown in battle.

Ohia, a native apple-tree; the fruit of the ohia.

Ohia-apane, a species of ohia wood used in making idols.

Oho, hair.

Ohu, fog.

Oho-kui, a bushy wig sometimes worn in battle.

Ola, life.

Omaomao, green.

One, sand.

Onionio, striped.

Olai, an earthquake.

Onini, a surf-board.

Omo, a narrow stone adze.

Oma, a space between two armies where sacrifices were made; the prime minister, or first officer under the king.

Opelu, a fish sacred to the priesthood.

Opu, the stomach.

Owili, a surf-board made of wiliwili wood.

U.

Ua, a sea-bird; rain.

Uau, a large marine bird.

Uala, a potato.

Uila, lightning.

Uha, the thigh.

Uhi, a yam.

Ulu, the bread-fruit.

Ukeke, an ancient pulsatile musical instrument.

Ulili, a bamboo flute.

Uliuia, a beer made of cane-juice or the ti root.

Ulu-maika, a game of rolling round stone disks.

Ulaula, red; the sacred color.

Uliuli, blue.

Ulunu, a pillow or head-rest.

Unauna, a tabu mark.

Unihipili, the spirit of a deceased person.

Umiumi, the beard or whiskers.

H.

Hanai, a foster-child.

Haiao, a day sacrifice.

Haole, a foreigner.

Hanuhanu, an ancient pastime.

Hala, the pandanus-tree.

Hakaolelo, a chief’s spy; informer; reporter of events.

Haa, a singing dance.

Haipo, a night sacrifice.

Haku, a lord; a master.

Hakoko, wrestling, with a variety of holds.

Hailima, the elbow.

Hanauna, a relative.

Hale, a house or dwelling.

Hale-alii, the house of the chief; the royal mansion.

Hale-lole, a tent or cloth house.

Hale-koa, a fort or house of war.

Hale-lua, a grave or sepulchre.

Haili, a ghost; a name for a temple.

Hawane, the cocoa palm.

Hau, a lascivious dance, or hula.

Hekili, thunder.

Heenalu, surf-riding.

Heihei, foot-racing; a large drum.

Heie, the servant of a seer who reported his prophecies.

Heiau, a temple or place of worship.

Hikiee-moe, the stand for a bed.

Hia, fire made by friction.

Hika-po-loa, a name for the godhead.

Hiua, a game played on a board with four squares.

Hiiaka, a general name for volcanic deities.

Hikini, sunrise; the east.

Hili, a dye, made of barks, for coloring kapa.

Hoa, a companion.

Hoalii, a companion of the chief.

Hoku, a star.

Hoku-paa, the north star.

Hoku-hele, a planet or “wandering star.”

Hoku-lele, a meteor.

Hoku-welowelo, a comet.

Honua, the earth.

Holua, the pastime of sliding down precipitous hills on sledges.

Hoao, the ancient marriage contract among the chiefs.

Hoalauna, a friendly companion.

Hoe, a paddle.

Hoeuli, a rudder or steering-oar.

Hoewaa, an oarsman.

Hooilo, the rainy season.

Hookama, an adopted child.

Hokio, a musical instrument.

Honu, a turtle.

Hookupu, gifts to chiefs by their subjects.

Hoopalau, a single combat in battle.

Hua, an egg.

Hue, a water-calabash or container.

Hula, a dance, of which there were many varieties.

Hulu, a feather.

Hulumanu, aids of a chief or king wearing plumes.

K.

Kaai, a girdle put around the loins of a god by a chief.

Kao, the star Antares.

Kaunoa, a pointed, poisonous shell, making a dangerous wound.

Kapu, or Tabu, a command, or interdict, of which there were several kinds; a prerogative pertaining to chiefs, priests and temples.

Kane, a husband; the name of one of the godhead.

Kauwa, a servant.

Kai, the sea.

Kaa-i, the neck.

Kanaka, a man; a male.

Kanaka-wale, a private citizen.

Kanaka-maoli, an actual slave.

Kaikamahine, a girl or daughter.

Kaiki-kane, a male child.

Kaikunane, a brother.

Kaikuahine, a sister.

Kaliko, spotted.

Kaioloa, the ceremony of putting a maro on a god by the women of a chief.

Kaumaha, a sacrifice to the gods.

Kaumihau, a tabu by the high-priest, when a hog was baked, and men were temporarily separated from their wives.

Kakuai, an offering to the gods at daily meals, generally of bananas.

Kahoaka, the spirit of a living person, claimed to be visible to certain classes of priests.

Kamakini, a tabu worship for the chief alone.

Kaula, a prophet.

Kaula-wahine, a prophetess.

Kao, a tradition; a dart or javelin.

Kaua, war; a battle; an army marching to battle.

Kaualau, a plantain.

Kakaka, a bow for shooting arrows, not used in war.

Kaukaualii, inferior chiefs with titled fathers and untitled mothers.

Kanikau, a funeral dirge; a mournful song.

Kapa, a native cloth.

Kalo, or Taro, a bulbous root from which poi is made.

Kahili, a standard of feathers; an emblem of high rank.

Kani, music.

Kahuna, a priest, doctor or sorcerer.

Kahu, a nurse or guardian of a child.

Kahu-alii, chiefs of the lesser nobility acting as personal attendants to the king.

Kapua, a wizard.

Kaike, a large sacrificial drum.

Kamaa, sandals.

Kapuna, a grandparent.

Kapuna-kah’ko, ancestors.

Kau, the dry season.

Keiki, a child.

Keena, a room or apartment.

Keokeo, white.

Kekuielua, a war implement.

Kino, the body.

Kilo, a prophet.

Kihi, the native sweet potato.

Kilu, an indoor game of amusement.

Kihei, a cloth worn over the shoulders.

Konane, a game resembling draughts.

Koa, coral; a species of wood; a warrior.

Koilipi, an axe for cutting stone.

Ko, sugar-cane.

Koelo, a garden of a chief, cultivated by his people.

Koheoheo, a poisonous mixture producing speedy death.

Koipohaku, a stone axe.

Koloa, a duck.

Kona, a south wind; the south side of an island.

Koolau, a windward district or division.

Kua, the back of a person.

Kuli, the knee.

Kuekue, the heel.

Kumu, a fish tabu to women.

Kuoha, a prayer to incite sexual love in another.

Kupua, a sorcerer.

Kuai, a war implement.

Kuleana, a small landed possession within the boundaries of an estate belonging to another.

Kupee, a string of shells; a bracelet; an ornament.

Kuahive, high lands.

Kumu, a teacher.

Kuahana, a war messenger despatched when a general call to arms was made.

Kukui, a light; a torch made from the nuts of the kukui tree.

L.

Laau, a tree; wood.

Lau, a leaf.

Lala, a limb.

Lae, the forehead.

La, the sun.

Lani, the heavens.

Laau-palau, a knife used in husbandry, sometimes in war.

Lanahu, coals.

Lanai, a veranda, or house with open sides.

Lehelehe, the lips.

Lenalena, yellow, the royal color.

Lei, a wreath of flowers or feathers.

Lepa, a flag or ensign.

Lehua, an aromatic shrub.

Liliha, the fat of hogs.

Loko, a lake or pond.

Lima, the hand.

Lou, a hook; a fish-hook.

Loulu, a cocoanut.

Luawai, a well.

Luakina, the house of sacrifice in a temple.

Luau, a feast.

Lua, an ancient practice of killing by breaking bones.

Luna, an overseer.

Lunapai, a war messenger of a king or chief.

M.

Maa, a sling for throwing stones.

Mahu, steam.

Maiuu, the finger-nails.

Mahioli, a feather helmet worn by chiefs.

Maili, a fragrant and greatly esteemed plant.

Mauka, toward the hills or mountains.

Malama, a month; a purveyor in traveling.

Mapuna, a spring.

Maka, the eye.

Manamana-lima, a finger.

Manamana-wawae, a toe.

Manu, general name for birds.

Makuakane, a father or uncle.

Makuahine, a mother or aunt.

Mahini, the moon.

Mahini-hou, the new moon.

Mahini-peopeo, the full moon.

Makani, the wind.

Makani-ino, a storm.

Makalii, the beginning of the Hawaiian new year.

Maliu, a deified deceased chief.

Maia, a general name for plantains and bananas, tabu to women.

Malaolao, evening twilight.

Mano, the shark; every species was tabu to women.

Makaainani, the common people.

Maro, a cloth worn around the loins of males.

Mamo, a bird; a royal feather mantle; descendants.

Manele, a palanquin for chiefs, with four bearers.

Mahele, circumcision.

Mahana, chiefs near the throne.

Mele, an historical chant or song.

Mele-inoa, a personal chant or song.

Moa, a fowl.

Moo, a lizard.

Maikai, toward the sea.

Mooolelo, a narrative of past events.

Mookaao, an historical legend.

Moko, boxing.

Moko-moko, a boxer.

Momi, a pearl.

Moae, the trade winds.

Moi, a king, or principal chief.

Mu, the person who procured men for sacrifice.

Muliwai, a stream, or river.

Mumuku, a violent gust of wind.

N.

Naua, a pedigree.

Nene, a goose.

Niu, the cocoanut tree and fruit.

Ninalo, the fruit of the hala tree.

Noho, a seat.

P.

Pa, a dish or platter; a fence or wall.

Pau, a short skirt worn by women; completed, finished.

Pahale, a lawn or other enclosure.

Pahu, a general name for a drum.

Papa, a board; a sledge used in the pastime of holua.

Papalina, the cheek.

Paliuli, paradise.

Pahi, general term for a knife or cutting instrument.

Pakiko, an ancient war implement.

Palala, any tax paid to a chief.

Panalaau, a distant possession of lands.

Papapaina, a table of any kind.

Pahoa, a dagger, generally of wood.

Palaoa, a carved ivory talisman worn around the neck by chiefs.

Pali, a precipice.

Paiai, pounded taro for making poi.

Pahoehoe, lava.

Pawa, a garden; a small cultivated field.

Pea, an elevated cross before a heiau, signifying sacred.

Peleleu, a large double war canoe.

Pepeiao, the ear.

Pipi, an oyster; clam; shell-fish.

Poi, the paste of taro.

Po’i, a cover or lid.

Poo, the head.

Poohiwi, the shoulder.

Poni, purple.

Pokahu, a stone.

Pouli ka la, an eclipse.

Po, night; darkness; the realms of death; chaos.

Pola, a raised platform over double canoes.

Pololu, a long war spear.

Pua, a flower.

Puka, a door.

Puuwai, the heart.

Puaa, a hog.

Puaa-keiki, a pig.

Puahiohio, a whirlwind.

Puhenehene, an indoor pastime.

Punipeki, a child’s game.

Pueo, an owl.

Puana, a leader in meles; a starter of words.

Pukaua, an officer in the army; a captain; a champion.

Pule, a prayer.

Pulelelua, a butterfly.

Punahele, a friend or companion.

Puloulou, a tabu staff, crowned with balls of kapa.

Puuku, inferior chiefs, personal attendants of the king.

W.

Waa, a general name for canoe.

Wai, a general name for water.

Waiali, the platform from which chiefs addressed the people.

Wahine, a woman; females generally.

Wahi-moe, a bed.

Wahie, wood for burning.

Wanaao, the dawn.

Wawae, a leg or foot.

Waipuilani, a waterspout.

Wauti, the inner bark of a tree from which cloth is made.

Wahine-hoao, the real wife.

Wili, lightning.

Wiliwili, a light wood from which surf-boards were made.

CARDINAL NUMBERS.

One, Akahi.

Two, Alua.

Three, Akolu.

Four, Aha.

Five, Alima.

Six, Aono.

Seven, Ahiku.

Eight, Awalu.

Nine, Aiwa.

Ten, Umi.

Eleven, Umikumamakahi.

Twelve, Umikumamalua.

Thirteen, Umikumamakolu.

Fourteen, Umikumamaha.

Fifteen, Umikumamalima.

Sixteen, Umikumamaono.

Seventeen, Umikumamahiku.

Eighteen, Umikumamawalu.

Nineteen, Umikumamaiwa.

Twenty, Iwakalua.

Twenty-one, Iwakaluakumamakahi.

Twenty-two, Iwakaluakumamalua.

Twenty-three, Iwakaluakumamakolo.

Twenty-four, Iwakaluakumamaha.

Twenty-five, Iwakaluakumamalima.

Twenty-six, Iwakaluakumamaono.

Twenty-seven, Iwakaluakumamahiku.

Twenty-eight, Iwakaluakumamawalu.

Twenty-nine, Iwakaluakumamaiwa.

Thirty, Kanakolu.

Forty, Kanaha.

Fifty, Kanalima.

Sixty, Kanaono.

Seventy, Kanahiku.

Eighty, Kanawalu.

Ninety, Kanaiwa.

One hundred, Hookahi haneri (modern).

One thousand, Hookahi tausani (modern).

NAMES OF THE MONTHS.

January, Makalii.

February, Kaelo.

March, Kaulua.

April, Nana.

May, Welo.

June, Ikiiki.

July, Kaaona.

August, Hinaieleele.

September, Hilinehu.

October, Hilinama.

November, Ikuwa.

December, Welehu.

NAMES OF THE DAYS OF THE MONTH.

1st, Hilo.

2d, Hoaka.

3d, Kukahi.

4th, Kulua.

5th, Kukolo.

6th, Kupau.

7th, Olekukahi.

8th, Olekulua.

9th, Olekukolu.

10th, Olekupau.

11th, Huna.

12th, Mohalu.

13th, Hua.

14th, Akua.

15th, Hoku.

16th, Mahealani.

17th, Kulu.

18th, Laaukukahi.

19th, Laaukulua.

20th, Laaupau.

21st, Olekukahi.

22d, Olekulua.

23d, Olepau.

24th, Kaloakukahi.

25th, Kaloakulua.

26th, Kaloapau.

27th, Kane.

28th, Lono.

29th, Mauli.

30th, Muku.