A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE FOREGOING MATTER, ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. (continued 2)

WORMS

Are of four kinds: the Tænia, the Lumbrici, the Strongulus, and the Ascarides.

The Tænia mostly affect the young.

Cause.—Starving the mare when with foal, and breeding from old animals.

Symptoms.—Checked development; large head; low crest; long legs, and swollen abdomen. Appetite ravenous; body thin; coat unhealthy; breath fetid. The colt rubs its nose against a wall, or strains it violently upward; picks and bites its own hair.

Treatment.—Give spirits of turpentine. To a foal, two drachms; to a three months' old, half an ounce; six months, one ounce; one year, one ounce and a half; two years, two ounces; three years, three ounces; four years and upwards, four ounces. Procure one pound of quassia chips; pour on them three quarts of boiling water. Cause to blend with the turpentine a proportionate quantity of the quassia infusion, by means of yolks of eggs; add one scruple of powdered camphor, and give first thing in the morning. Good food is essential afterward. Subsequently give every morning, till the coat is glossy, liquor arsenicalis, from one to eight drachms; muriated tincture of iron, from one and a half to twelve drachms; extract of belladonna, from ten grains to two drachms; ale or stout, from half a pint to a quart.

The Lumbrici prey upon the old and the weakly.

Treatment.—Tartarized antimony, two drachms; common mass, a sufficiency to make one ball. Give one every morning.

The Strongulus, during life, is generally not known to be present.

The Ascarides cause great itching posteriorly, which provokes the horse to rub its hair off against the wall.

Treatment.—Try injections of train oil for one week. Then use infusion of catechu, one ounce to one quart of water. On the eighth morning, give aloes, four drachms; calomel, one drachm. Tobacco-smoke enemas are sometimes useful, and the following ointment may be placed up the rectum night and morning: Glycerin, half an ounce; spermaceti, one ounce; melt the spermaceti, and blend; when cold, add strong mercurial ointment, three drachms; powdered camphor, three drachms.

WOUNDS.

A lacerated wound is generally accompanied by contusion, but with little hemorrhage. Shock to the system is the worst of its primary effects. The danger springs from collapse. A slough may probably follow. The slough is dangerous in proportion as it is tardy. The horse may bleed to death if the body is much debilitated.

Treatment.—Attend first to the system. Give a drink composed of sulphuric ether and laudanum, of each one ounce; water, half a pint. Repeat the medicine every quarter of an hour if necessary, or till shivering has ceased and the pulse is healthy. A poultice, made of one-fourth brewer's yeast, three-fourths of any coarse meal; or a lotion, consisting of tincture of cantharides, one ounce; chloride of zinc, two drachms; water, three pints, may be employed. When the slough has fallen, apply frequently a solution of chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce of water; and regulate the food by the pulse.

An incised wound produces little shock. The danger is immediate, as the horse may bleed to death.

Treatment.—Do not move the horse. Dash the part with cold water, or direct upon the bleeding surface a current of wind from the bellows. When the bleeding has ceased and the surfaces are sticky, draw the edges together with divided sutures. When the sutures begin to drag, cut them across. After copious suppuration has been established, bathe frequently with the solution of chloride of zinc, one grain to the ounce of water.

An abraded wound generally is accompanied by grit or dirt forced into the denuded surface. The pain is so great, the animal may sink from irritation.

Treatment.—Cleanse, by squeezing water from a large sponge above the wound, as was directed for broken knees, and allow suppuration to remove any grit that is fixed in the flesh. Support the body, and use the chloride of zinc lotion.

A punctured wound is dangerous, as the parts injured are liable to motion. On this account those above the stifle are very hazardous. Sinuses form from the torn fascia opposing the exit of the pus; also because the small hole in the skin generally bears no proportion to the internal damage.

Treatment.—Always enlarge the external opening to afford egress to all sloughs and pus. Regulate the food by the symptoms, and use the chloride of zinc lotion.

A contused wound, when large, causes more congealed blood than can be absorbed. This corrupts, and a slough must occur or an abscess must form. Either generates weakness, produces irritation, and may lead to fatal hemorrhage. Or sinuses may form. Wherefore, such accidents are not to be judged of hastily.

Treatment.—When the contusion is slight, rub the part with iodide of lead, one drachm of the salt to an ounce of lard. When large, divide the skin, every eighth inch, the entire length of the swelling. Bathe the injury with the chloride of zinc lotion, and support the body, as the symptoms demand liberality in the matter of food.

In all wounds, gain, if possible, a large depending orifice, and cover the denuded surfaces with a rag saturated with oil of, or in solution of, tar.

The author, having now concluded his labors, cannot forbear from repeating the advice which was given to the reader at the commencement of the present Summary—always appeal to the body of the work so soon as the first danger has subsided. Many hints are therein contained which could not be embodied in anything deserving to be entitled an abbreviation. Ampler space there enables the writer to describe certain precautions and to suggest various stratagems which, of course, would be out of place in the pages where condensation was the professed characteristic. For these reasons the reader is most earnestly recommended never to depend longer upon the contents of the Summary, than the pressure of immediate danger shall render imperative.