Index II. Geographical.

Ābāpūr (S.E. of Āgra), Bābur at 642-3.

Ābā-qūrūq (Kābul), Bābur at 197.

Āb-burdan (Upper Zar-afshān), description of 152; spring and pass of 152; a route through 40 n. 4.

Āb-dara (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur takes up good ground at 353.

Āb-dara (Hindū-kush), a winter-route through 205, 242, 321, 351.

Āb-i-khān (Farghāna), Taṃbal in 110, 112.

Āb-i-rahmat = Qarā-sū q.v. (Samarkand), mentioned to locate Kān-i-gil 78, 81.

Āb-istāda (S.E. of Ghaznī) described 239;

Bābur at 218, 239.

Abīward (Khurāsān), Anwārī’s birthplace 260 n. 1.

Āb-i-yār-qūrūq (Samarkand), Bābur in 66.

Abuha or Anuha (N.W.F.P. India), limits Sawād 400.

Ābūn- or Ātūn-village (Kābul), Bābur at 407.

Ādampūr or Ārampūr-pargana (U.P. India), Bābur at 650, 684, 682 n. 1; location of 650 n. 3; 684 n. 3.

Adīnapūr (Kābul), on the Surkh-rūd 209; of the name 207, App. E, xxi; a dārogha’s head-quarters 208; the Bāgh-i-wafā near 421, 443; Bābur at 229.

Adūsa-and-Mūrī (U.P. India), Bābur at 645.

Afghānistān, Bābur’s limitation of the name 200; demerits of its mountains 223.

Āgra, revenue of 521; ‘Ālam Khān plans to attack 455-6, 474; estimate of Pānīpat casualties made in 474; submits to Bābur 523; exhaustion of treasure in 617; a military rendezvous 676; supplies from 685; hot season in 524; measurement of Kābul-Āgra road 629; water-raising in 487; Bābur takes oleanders to 610; his workmen in 520, 630, 642; keeps Rāmẓān in 584; receives letters from 639; comes and goes to and from 478, 548, 581, 606, 686; others ditto 475, 526, 540, 576-8, 606, 621-4, 650; mentioned to locate places 529, 531 (2), 588, 597, 641, 650-8, 680.

Āhangarān (on the Herī-rūd, Khurāsān), 308 n.

Āhangarān-julgā2941 (S.E. of Tāshkīnt), Bābur at 90, 152, 161.

Ahār-passage (Ganges), Bābur’s troops at 528.

Aībak, mod. Hāībak, Fr. map Boukhara, Hai-bagh (Kābul-Balkh route), Bābur at 189; a rebel near 546, and for location 546, n. 2.

Aīkarī-yār (Kābul), Bābur’s scouts fight near 196.

Aīkī-sū-ārā2942 = Mīyān-dū-āb = Between-the-two-waters (Farghāna) an alternative name Rabāt̤ik-aūrchīn 88; located 88, n. 2; Mughūls in 88, 105; Bābur in 114; Taṃbal in 116.

Aīlāīsh- or Aīlāmīsh-daryā, ? Qarā-daryā (Farghāna), Bābur’s men defeated on, 105; game near 114.

Aīlāk-yīlāq (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur at 187-8, 194.

Aīlchī (E. Turkistan), of the name 50, n. 2.

Aīndīkī var. (Kābul), Bābur gathers tooth-picks near 407.

‘Aīsh-pushla (Farghāna), Taṃbal near 106; Bābur near 165.

Aītmāk-dābān (Samarkand) described 83; a boundary 84; 64 n. 1; 80 n. 2.

Āī-tūghdī (Kābul) position of 253 n. 3; Bābur at 253.

Ajar Fort (in Kāhmard, or Kahmard q.v. Fr. map Maïmènè), Bābur’s and his followers’ families left in 189; various occurrences in 197, 243, 293; a plan to defend 191; gifts to its peasantry 633 n. 5.

Akhsī, Akhsīkīt (Farghāna), described 9; book-name of 9 and n. 4; position of 13; —‘Umar Shaikh’s capital 10; exploit at 16; death at 13; —a rebel at 26; a death in 40; appointments to 32, 115; a notable of 110; a village of 171; a melon of 82; besieged 31-2, 54; threatened 44; army of, called up against Bābur 110; comings and goings from and to 87, 90, 101-3, 124, 161, 176, 180, 182, 183; river-fight below 102; Bābur at 54, 116, 170-1-2; apportioned to Jahāngīr 118-9; an army hostile to Bābur near 162; promised to Bābur 168; his attempt to defend 173-6; his flight from 176, 396; Shaibānī defeats the Chaghatāī Khāns near 18, 182, 351-6.

Akrīāda-pargana (Panj-āb), a holder of 453.

Alāī-tāgh (Farghāna), on a Ḥiṣār—E. Turkistān route 129; sub-districts of 162.

Alangār-tūmān (Kābul), described 210; a constituent of the true Lamghānāt 210; a holder of 241; Bābur in 424.

Ālā-qūrghān = Ikhtiyāru’d-dīn (Herāt), Bābur reported captive in 313; the Bāī-qarā households in 327; captured by Shaibānī 328.

Ālā-sāī-bulūk (Kābul), described 220-1; wines of 221.

Ālā-tāgh (s. of Qalāt-i-ghilzāī, Afghānistān), over-run 249.[1]

Alexander’s Iron-wall (Darband q.v. Caspian Sea), mentioned in metaphor 564; purpose of 564 n. 3.

Alexandria ad Caucasum (Kābul), site of 214 n. 7.

Alghū-tāgh var. Aūlūgh-tāgh (mid-Oxus valley), a Bāī-qarā arrival near 60.

‘Alī-ābād (Samarkand), Shaibānī in 135.

‘Alī-masjid (Khaibar-route), Bābur passes 394, 411-2, 450; description of its spring 412 n. 1.

‘Alī-shang-tūmān (Kābul), described 210; a constituent of the tune Lamghānāt 210; a holder of 241; Bābur in 342, 424.

Allāhābād (India), see Pīāg.

Almālīgh (E. Turkistān), depopulation of 1; located 2 n. 1; referred to 162 n. 2.

Almār (s. of Maïmènè, Fr. map), Bābur passes through, 296.

Ālmātū (E. Turkistān), depopulation of 1; located 2 n. 1; referred to 162 n. 2; *a battle near 349.

Altī-shahr (E. Turkistān), an occasional name of Yītī-kīnt 11 n. 6.

Alwār, Alūr (Rājpūtāna), a rebel leaves 545; an arrival from 687; mentioned to fix limits 577-8-9; gift made of its treasure 519; an appointment to 578.

Aṃbahar (N.W.F.P. India?), on a suggested route 376; pass of 376.

Aṃbāla (Panj-āb), Bābur at 465.

‘Aṃbar-koh (Qūndūz), a fight on 61.

Amla (Kābul), Bābur at 422.

Amrohā (U.P. India), revenue assigned of 685.

Amū-darya, Oxus, Bābur on 48, 189, 249, others on 57, 74, 193, 244, *359[2943; of Trans-Amū tribes 242; limits territory 49; *Bābur’s fortunes lost beyond 426; —ferries of, Aūbāj, 93, 95 (where for Aūbāj read Chār-jūī), 110, 189, Chārjūī (which read for Aūbāj), Kilīf 57, 191, Kīrkī 191, Tīrmīz 191.

Andar-āb (n. of Hindū-kush), a n. boundary of Kābul 200; mountains of 221; roads from 205; a holder of 403; comings through 51, 193 (Bābur’s), 196.

Andarābā (Panj-āb), Bābur at 391-2.

Andijān (Farghāna), description of 3-4; the capital, sport in, pure Turkī in, climate of 4 —its water 5, mountains of 15, 55, 102, 118, 125; tribes of 162; a grass of 221; its Chār-bāgh 29; celebrities of 4, 280; mentioned to locate places, etc., 4, 8, 10, 16, 113, 396; its railway 30 n. 5; given to ‘Umar Shaikh I and II, 14; people of led into captivity 20, 22; Bābur its governor 29 n. 1; succeeds in it 29; attacks on 27, 30, 54, 87-8, 106-8, 161-8, 171, 192; captures of 18, 20, 89, 90, 122, 192, 244; demanded from Bābur 87, 168, 318, 351-2; Aūzbeg chiefs wait on Bābur in 58; lost by Bābur 89-90, 122; his attempts to regain 92-7-8, 162-5; succeeds, 103-4, 115; proposed disposition of 118; the cause of his second exile from 105; he compares it with Samarkand 123; a raid near 164; its army on service, 48, 87, 101, 171-2; occupied by Sa‘īd Khān 351-7, 362; commandants of 25, 32, 44; gifts sent to 633; comings and goings to and from 32, 58, 64, 102-3-6-8-9, 113, 145, 150, 165-8, 170, *183, 399; Bābur’s comings and goings to and from 55, 66, 71, 114-9, 174; (see Farghāna).

Andikān (Farghāna), 161 see Andijān.

Andikhūd (w. of Balkh, Khurāsān), fighting near 46, 260; plan to defend 191; Sayyids of 266-7-8; a commandant of 279; a traitor in 325.

Anwār, ? Unwāra (near Āgra), Bābur at 589, 641.

Āqār-tūzī (Samarkand), a battle near 34.

Āq-būrā-rūd (Farghāna), rapid descent of 5 n. 3.

Āq-kūtal (between Soghd and Tāshkīnt), a force passes 111.

Āq-qāchghāī (Aūrā-tīpā, Samarkand), a rapid message through 25.

Āq-sū (Aūrā-tīpā, Samarkand), Aḥmad Mīrānshāhī dies on 33.

Āq-sū (Eastern Turkistān), 20 n. 5, 29 n. 5.

‘Arabia, a bird of 497.

Arāt (Kābul), App. G. xxv.

Archa-kīnt (Farghāna), a road through 116.

Archīān-qūrghān (Farghāna), Taṃbal enters 117; scene of the Chaghatāī Khāns’ defeat 117 n. 2, *182, *351 (where read Archīān for “Akhsī”), 356 (here read near Akhsī).

Argand-āb (Qandahār) irrigation off-takes of 332 n. 4, 333 n. 4.

Ārī-pargana, Arrah (Bihār, India), Bābur in 664-6.

Arind-water, Rind (U.P. India), Bābur on 684.

Arūpār (U.P. India), see Rūpār.

Arus-, Urus-, Arys-sū (W. Turkistān), a battle near 16.

Asfara (Farghāna), described 7; Persian-speaking Sārts of 7 and n. 3; a holder of 115; Bābur takes refuge in 7 and sends gifts to Highlanders of 633 and n. 4; Bābur captures 53; Bābur in a village of 123.

Asfīdūk (Samarkand), Bābur in 131-2.

Aspara or Ashpara (Mughūlistān), Abū-sa‘id Mīrān-shāhī leads an army to 20.

Astar-āb (e. of Pul-i-chiragh, Fr. map Maïmènè), tribes in 255.

Astarābād (Khurāsān), partridge-cry in 496; oranges of 510; a poet of 290 n. 3; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 46, 95, 259, 260, 261, 272; assignments of 61-9, 70, 94; commandants in 272 (Nawā’ī), 275; two Bāī-qarās put to death in 262, 266.

Atak, “Attock” (on the Indus), locates Nīl-āb 206 n. 3, and Bābā Walī Qandahārī’s shrine 332 n. 4.

Atar (Kābul), located 211; Bābur at 343, 422-3.

Aūba, Ubeh, “Obeh” (on the Herī-rūd), a holder of 274.

Aūd (U.P. India), see Oude, Oudh.

Aūlābā-tū (Ghazni), Bābur at 323.

Aūlīā-ātā (E. Turkīstān), 2 n. 1.

Aūlūgh-nūr (Kābul), located 209; a route past 209; on the “nur” of the name App. F, xxiii; Bābur at 421-5.

Aūnjū- or Ūnjū-tūpa (Farghāna), Bābur at 110.

Aurangābād (Ḥaidarābād, Dakhin, India), a grape of 77 n. 2.

Aūrā-tīpā (between Khujand and the Zarafshān, Samarkand), its names Aūrūsh and Aūrūshna 77; an alp of 25; Dikh-kat a village of 149, 154; locates Khwās 17; escapes to 124, 141, 156; transfers of, to ‘Umar ‘Shaikh 17, to Aḥmad 27, 30, 35, to Muḥ. Ḥusain Dūghlāt 97; Aḥmad dies in 33; The Khān in 92; Bābur’s family in 136; Bābur in 98-9, 124, 149 (2); enemies of Bābur in 152, 154.

Aūrganj or Ūrgenj (Khwarizm), a claim to rule in 266.

Aūrgūt (Samarkand), surrenders to Bābur, 68.

Aūsh, Ūsh (Farghāna), described 4; a trick of the ragamuffins of 6; course of its water 10; appointments to 32, 65; a raid near 25; an arrival from 112; fugitive to 168; dependencies of 109, 110; Taṃbal and 103-7, 123; Bābur’s men in 114; oppression of 172; good behaviour at 176; Bābur at 108, 161-2-4-7-9 (advice to go to).

Aūt̤rār, Ūt̤rār, “Ot̤rār” (W. Turkistān), see Yāngī.

Aūtrūlī, Atraulī (U.P. India), Bābur at 587.

Aūz-kīnt (Farghāna), refuge in planned, for the child Bābur, 29; Mughūls take refuge in 105; Jahāngīr, with Taṃbal, and 103, 114-6-8, 123; Bābur and 29, 108-9, 118, 161-2-9; Bābur’s note on 162.

Awīghūr (Farghāna), a holder of 118, 125 n. 2.

Āẕarbāījān (on the Caspian), taken by White Sheep 49; cold of 219; a comer from 280; Tīmūr’s workmen in 520.

Bābā Ḥasan Abdāl, i.e., Bābā Walī Qandahārī (Qandahār), irrigation-channels towards 332-6; shrine of the saint near Atack (Attock) 332 n. 4.

Bābā Ilāhī (Herāt), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā dies at 256; (see Fr. map Herat, Baboulei).

Bābā Khākī (Herāt), a rapid message from Farghāna to 25; an army at 326; located 25 n. 2, 326 n. 1.

Bābā Lūlī (Kābul), Bābur advances towards 315.

Bābā Qarā (Bajaur q.v.), spring of 371; ?identical with Khwāja Khiẓr 371 n. 1; valley of 367 n. 3.

Bābā Tawakkul’s Langar (Farghāna), the younger Khān halts at 168.

Bābā Walī (Atak, Attock), see Bābā Ḥasan.

Bābur-khāna (Panj-āb), 450 n. 5.

Bāburpūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 644 n. 6.

Bachrātā var. (Farghāna), a ferry crossed near 116, 170 (by Bābur).

Badakhshān, Farghāna’s s. boundary 1; Hindū-kush divides Kābul from 204; trees of 221; locates Kāfiristān 46; Kābul trade of 202; Bābur sends sugar-cane to 208; a poet of 288; Rusta Hazāra of 196; unprofitable to Bābur 480; reference to his conquest of 220; Greek descent of its Shāhs 22, 242; a series of rulers in 47-9, 208 n. 8, 243, 340, *426, *433, *697; a plan for defence of 191; Aūzbegs and 242, 294; considered as a refuge for Bābur 340; various begīms go to 21-2-4, 48; Nāṣir’s affairs in 242-3, 321-2; a letter of victory sent to 371; Bābur plans going to 412; Bābur and Māhīm visit Humāyūn in 426, 436; Sa‘īd Chaghatāī’s affairs with 412, *695-6; *Humāyūn’s desertion of 690, 707; *offered to Khalīfa 697 and n. 1; *contingent disposition of 706.

Badām-chashma (Kābul), climatic change at pass of 203; Bābur at 229, 409, 445.

Badāyūn (U.P. India), appointments to 267, 582.

Bādghīs (Khurāsān, n. of Herāt), Aūzbegs defeat Bāī-qarās in 275;

Bābur in 296, 307.

Bād-i-pīch-pass, Bād-pakht? (Kābūl), a route through 209; Bābur goes through 343, 421;

places an inscription in 343.

Badr-aū-bulūk, Tag-aū (Kābul), described 221; water of 227 n. 1; a route through 209; Bābur in 421.

Badrū-ferry (Ghogrā, Sarū); 667 n. 5.

Bādshāh-nagar (U.P. India), Bābur’s visit gives the name to 678 n. 1.

Bāgar (Rājpūtāna), a holder of 573; identified 573 n. 2.

“Bāghdād,” a variant for Būghdā 40 and n. 2.

Bāghlān (Qūndūz), nomads leave Kābul for 402.

Bahār or Bihār (Kābul), seat of a tribe 413; Bābur at 414.

Bahat, Bihat, Jhelum-river (Panj-āb), course of 485; Bābur on 382, *441, 453; crossed in fear of him 382.

Bahraich (U.P. India), revenue of 521; locates Ghazrā crossings 669.

Bajaur (N.W.F.P. India), concerning its name 367 n. 4, 571 n. 3; once a Kābul dependency 207; wines and fruit of 372, 510-1; monkeys and birds of 492-3-4; beer made in 423; a test of women’s virtue in 211; Bābur and 367 to 370, 371-3, 377, *429; repopulation of 375; tribute of 400; Dost Beg’s valour at 370, 397; Khwāja Kalān and 370, 411, 422-3; Bībī Mubārika left in 376; arrivals from 401.

Bakkak-pass (between Yaka-aūlāng and the Herī-rud valley), Bābur’s perilous crossing of 309; an alternative pass (Zirrīn) 310 n. 2.

Baksar sarkār (U.P. India), revenue of 521.

Baksara (U.P. India), Bābur at *603, 660.

Balādar, Bīlādar (U.P. India), Bābur at 686.

Bālā-ḥiṣār (Kābul), present site of 198 n. 4; (see Citadel).

Bālā-jūī (Kābul), maker and name of 200 and n. 5.

Ballia (U.P. India), sub-divisions of 637 n. 1, 664 n. 8, 667 n. 2.

Balkh (Oxus valley), border-countries of 76, 261, 204; heat in 520; a melon-grower of 686; its trade with Kābul 202; holders of 18, 61-9, 257, 263, 275; exploits at 50, 93, 270; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 70, 191; Khusrau Shāh and 93-4, 110, 270; Shaibānī and 294-6, 300, *363; Kītīn-qarā and 545-6; ‘Ubaid and 622; *Ismā‘īl Ṣafawī and 359, 363; Muḥammad-i-zamān and *364, 385, *428; Bābur and 220, *359, *426-7, *442-4-5-6, 463 and n. 3, 546 n. 1, 625.

Balkh-āb, headwaters of 216; Bābur crosses 295.

Balnāth Jogī’s hill (Panj-āb), Bābur near 452.

Bāmīān (Khurāsān ? w. of Ghūr-bund, Kābul), mountains of 215; how reached from Kābul 205; Khusrau Shāh and 96 (where for “Qāsim” read Kāmal); Bābur and 189, 311, *351, 409.

Bām-valley (Herāt), a langar in 308 n. 1; Bābur in 296, 297 n. 1.

Banākat, Fanākat = Shāhrukhiya (Tāshkīnt) 2 n. 5, 76.

Banāras, Benares (U.P. India), crocodiles near 502; threatened 652-4; Bābur near 657.

Banas-river (India), course of 485.

Bāndīr, Bhander (C. India), a fruit of 507; Bābur at 590-8.

Band-i-sālār Road (Farghāna), Bābur on 55, 116.

Bangarmāwū, Bangarmau (U.P. India), Bābur near 601.

Bangash tūmān (Kābul), described 220, 209, 233, 405; a holder of 27, 252; plan of attack on 229, 231-3, 382.

Bannū plain (N.W.F.P. India), a limit of Kābul territory 200; a waterless plain near 234; date of the modern town 232 n. 5; Bābur and 218, 231-2, 382, 394.

Bānswāra (Rājpūtāna), an old name of 573 n. 1.

Banūr (Patiāla, Panj-āb), Bābur on (Ghaggar) torrent of 464.

(The) Bar (Panj-āb), 380 n. 4.

Baraich (U.P. India), see Bahraich.

Barak or Birk (?N.W.F.P. India), mentioned as between Dasht and Farmūl 235.

Barakistān, Birkistān (Zurmut, Kābul), a tomb in 220; ? tongue of 207.

Barā-koh (Farghāna) described 5; position of 5 n. 2.

Bāramūla (Kāshmir), a limit of Sawād territory 372 n. 3.

Bārān-sū,2944 Panjhīr-sū (Kābul), affluents to 210-1; the bird-migrants’ road 224; migration of fish in 225; bird-catching on 228; routes crossing 209, 342; locates various places 207 n. 5, 215, App. E, xvii; —passers along 195, 242; Bābur and 254, 420, see Koh-dāman.

Bārān wilāyat (Kohistān, Kābul), Bābur in 253, 320, 405.

Bāra (N.W.F.P. India), road of 411; Bābur fords the water of 230.

Bārī (Rajpūtāna), hills of 486; hunting-grounds in 509 n. 2; Bābur at 509, 585.

Bārīk-āb (affluent of the “Kābul-river”), Bābur on 409, 414, 446.

Bast, Bost, Bust (on the Helmand, Afghānistān), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s affairs at 94, 260.

Bast̤am (‘Irāq), a w. limit of Khurāsān 261 (where read Bast̤am); captured 622.

Bateswār (U.P. India), ferry of 643 n. 3.

Bāzār and Tāq (India), see Dasht.

Bāzārak (Hindū-kush), described 205.

Beg-tūt (Kābul), earthquake action near 247.

Benares (India), see Banāras.

Bengal, Bangala (India), particulars of the rules and customs in 482; envoys to and from 637, 640, 665; army of 663; Bābur at ease about 677, 679 n. 7; traversed by the Ganges 485; a bird of 495; fruits of 504.

Between-two-waters (Farghāna), see Aīkī-sū-ārā.

Betwī-river, Betwa (C. India) described 597.

Bhānder (C. India), see Bāndīr.

Bhīlsān (C. India), Sangā’s 483; Bābur’s plan against 598.

Bhīra (Panj-āb), history of 382; revenue of 521; tribes of 387; Balūchīs in 383; locates places 379, 380, 381; limit of Lūdī Afghān lands 481, and of Bābur’s in Hindūstān 520; servants from 616, 678; arrivals from 228, 391, 419; local soldiery 389, 539, rhinoceros in 490, Bābur and 377-8, 382-3-7, *429, 478; he stays in the fort of 384; safeguards people of 383, 478; sends prisoners into 461; summons by Māhīm of an escort from 650; a governor 386-8, 392-9.

Bhūjpūr (Bihār, India), Bābur at 662.

Bīah-sū, Beas (Panj-āb), course of 485; Bābur crosses 458.

Bīāna, Bayāna (Rājpūtāna), mountains in 486; red-stone of 532, 611; water-raising in 487; a dependency of 563; locates places 539, 613; disaffection to Bābur of 523-9; taken 530-8, 540-5; a gun made to use against it 537; praise of its soldiers 548, 550; an appointment to 579; asked for 613; Bābur at 577, 581; his workmen in 520; revenue from assigned to support his tomb *709.

Bīānwān pargana (U.P. India), assignment on 540.

Bībī Māh-rūī (Kābul), Bābur at 314.

Bīgrām, Bīkrām (Panj-āb), four ancient sites so-named 230 n. 2; Bābur at 230, 394, 450-1.

Bihār (India), a limit of Afghān lands in Hind 480-1, and of Bābur’s 520; revenue of 521; Bābur and 639, 656, 677-9; an assignment on 676; mentioned as if Bābur’s 561; Muḥammad-i-zamān and 661-3-4; an earlier Lūdī capture of 675; a dīwān of 661.

Bihiya (Bihār, India), Bābur at 662-7 n. 2.

Bih-zādī (Kābul), Bābur at 398, 416-8; wine fetched from 417; 19th century vinegar of 417 n. 2.

Bījānagar, Vījāynagar (Dakhin, Deccan, India), a ruler of 483.

Bīlādar (U.P. India), see Balādar.

Bīlah (Panj-āb), Bābur at 237.

Bilkir? (Kābul), Bābur at 420.

Bilwah ferry (Ganges), Bābur at 658.

Bīmrūkī pargana (Panj-āb), a holder of 453.

Birk and Birkistān, see Barak.

Bīshkhārān (Farghāna), good fighting at 28;

Bābur at or near 117-8, 170.

Bīsh-kīnt (on the Khujand-Tāshkīnt road), Taṃbal at 145, 154; Bābur at 151.

Bī-sūt (Kābul), Bī-sūtīs migrated to Bajaur 375.

Bolān-pass (Balūchistān), *Shah Beg’s entrance to Sind 429.

“Bottam” (? débouchement of the Zar-afshān), a word used by Ibn Hankal 76 n. 6.

Būdana-qūrūq (Samarkand), described 82;

Bābur at 131 (here Quail-reserve).

Buhlūlpūr (Panj-āb), Bābur at 454.

Bukhārā (Transoxiana), described 82; w. limit of Samarkand 76, and of Soghd 84; deficient water-supply of 77; trade with Kābul 202; wines of 83; melons of 10, 82; bullies in 7; Bābur sends sugar-cane to 208; various rulers of 35, 38, 112; governors in 40, 52, 121; taken by Shaibānī 125; various attacks on 63-5, 124, *356-7-9, *354, *359, *360; Bābur’s capture of 21, 704 n. 3; Mahdī Khwāja and 704 n. 3; various comings and goings from and to 62-3-4, 135, 534.

Būlān (Kābul), a route through 209.

Būlī (Rājpūtāna), revenues of 521.

Burhānpūr (C. India), Bābur on water of 592-8.

Burh-ganga (Old Ganges), its part in the battle of the Ghogrā 667 n. 2, 674 n. 6, 667 n. 2.

Būrka-yīlāq (Aūrā-tīpa q.v.), Bābur at the fort of 92, 124.

Busāwar (Rājpūtāna), Bābur at 548 (where read Busāwar) 581.

Bū-stān-sarāī (Kābul), Bābur at 251-4.

Bū-stān-sarāī (Samarkand), 62;

Bābur at 74, 134.

Būt-khāk (Kābul), damming of its water 647; Bābur at 409, 446 n. 4.

Buz-gala-Khāna (Samarkand), see Aītmāk-dābān.

Chāch, see Tāshkīnt.

Chachāwalī (U.P. India), Bābur at 649.

Chach-charān (on the Herī-rūd), a holder of 274; Bābur at 308.

Chaghānīān (Ḥiṣar-shādmān), located 48 n. 5; an earlier extension of the name 188 n. 4; Nūndāk dependent on 471; a meadow (aūlāng) of 129; a ruler in 47; Khusrau Shāh at 93; Bābur in 188.

Chāghān-sarāī bulūk, Chīghān-sarāī (Kābul), described 212; water of 211-2; name of 212 n. 2; a governor of 227; Bābur’s capture of 211 (where for “920” read, *366-7 n. 3.)

Chahār see Chār.

*Chak-chaq pass (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur traverses 359.

Chāldirān (Persia), cart-defence in the battle of 469 n. 1.

Chaṃbal-river (C. India), course of 485; Bābur on 509, 585-9, 607, 614; Shāh-i-jahān pours wine into 298 n. 3.

Champāran (Bihār, India), revenue of 521.

Chanārān (n.w. of Mashhad), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s victory at 260; located 260 n. 1 and Ferté q.v. p. 39 n. 2.

Chandāwal (Bajaur, N.W.F.P.), of its name 367 n. 3; torrent of 372; Bābur hunts near 372.

Chandawār, Chandwār (U.P. India), correct name of 642 n. 8; water-raising in 487; comings and goings from and to 531, 552, 582; Bābur at 589, 642-3; he loses it 557, 581.

Chandīrī (C. India), described 582-3-6; hills of 486; death of a holder of 573; mentioned to fix dates 269, 483, 605; Bābur’s capture of 589, 590-2-4-8.

Chapar-kuda (U.P. India), identity of with Chaparghatta 650 n. 1; a start from 659 n. 5; Bābur at 650.

Chār-dār col (Hindū-kush), 204 n. 4.

Chār-dih plain (w. of Kābul-town), the Kābul-river traverses 200 n. 4; *overlooked from Bābur’s tomb 710.

Chārikār, Chār-yak-kār (Kābul), altitude of 204 n. 4; name of ib. 295 n. 1; Judas-trees of 216 n. 3.

Chār-jūī ferry (Oxus), 95 (where “Aūbāj” is wrong).

Char-shaṃba = Wednesday (Oxus valley see Fr. map Maïmènè), 71 n. 2.

Chār-sū (Samarkand), an execution in 196.

Chār-yak (Fr. map Maimènè), over-run 295, 94 (where for “San-chīrīk” read San and Chār-yak).

Chashma-i-tūra pass (Kābul), Bābur at 403-4.

Chāsh-tūpa (Kābul), Bābur at 320.

Chatsū (Rājpūtāna), revenue of 521.

Chā-tū var. Jāl-tū (Kābul), Bābur at 228.

Chatur-mūk (U.P. India), a Ghogrā-crossing at 669, 677.

Chaupāra (N.W.F.P. India), an Indus ferry at 206; a limit of Bannū 233; Bābur near 234.

Chaupāra (U.P. India), ferry of 677-9.

Chausa (Bihār, India), a death at 273 n. 3; Bābur at *603, 659, 660.

Chausa or Jūsa (C. India), Bābur at 581.

Chīchīk-tū (Balkh-Herāt road), located 300; Bābur at 296.

Chihil-dukhtarān (Farghāna), 107, 162; (Herī) 296, 301; (Kābul), 107 n. 1.

Chihil-qulba (Kābul), Bābur hunts near 420.

Chīkmān-sārāī (Andikhūd, Oxus valley), a defeat at 46, 260, 268.

Chīn, Chīna, Kābul trade with 203; a Chīnī cup 407; [for “Chīna” see Khit̤āī].

Chīn-āb, Chān-āb, tract and river (Chen-āb, Panj-āb), course of 485; the Bar in 380 n. 4; a Turk possession 380-2; Bābur resolves to regain 380; he on the river *441, 453; envoys to him from 386; his family reach 659; an appointment to 386.

Chīna-qūrghān (Kābul), Bābur at 407.

Chīnīūt or Chīnīwat (Panj-āb), a Turk possession 380-2; Bābur resolves to regain 380.

Chirāgh-dān (Upper Herī-rūd), Bābur at 309; see Add. Note p. 309 for omitted passage.

Chirkh (Kābul), described 217; a mullā of 284; a soldier of 669, 678.

Chīr-sū, Chīr-chīk (Tāshkīnt lands), Aḥmad Miran-shāhī’s disaster at 17, 25, 31-4-5.

Chitr (Panj-āb), Bābur at 645.

Chītūr, Chitor (Rājpūtāna), hills of 486; Bābur’s plan against 598; Rānā Sangā’s 483, 617.

Chunār (U.P. India), advance on 652-4; arrival from 657; appointments 682-3; Bābur at 658; road measured from 659; question of identity 682 n. n.

Chūpān-ātā (Samarkand), 72 n. 3, 76 (Kohik), 76 n. 4; Bābur crosses 124; [see Kohik].

Chūtīalī (Dūkī, Qandahār), Bābur at 238-9.

Cintra (Portugal), oranges of 511 n. 4.

Citadel (arg) of Kābul, 201; Bālā-ḥiṣār 198 n. 4; —of Samarkand, 77; position of 78 n. 6; Bābur in 134, 141.

Dabūsī (Samarkand), Aūzbeg victories at 40, 124, 137.

Dahānah (see Fr. map Maimènè), corn from 295; traversed 194-7, 243, 295.

Dakka (Kābul), App. E. xx; [see note to Bārān-sū].

Dakkan, Dakhin, Deccan (India), rulers in 482;

? Daknī = Dakkanī 619, 631, Add. Note pp. 619, 631.

Dāman (N.W.F.P. India), see Dasht.

Dāmghān (Persia), a w. limit of Khurāsān 261; Bāī-qarās captured in 263; Aūzbegs defeated at 618, 622.

Dandān-shikan pass (Khurāsān), Bābur crosses 294.

Dara-i-bām (Badghīs, Khurāsān), Bābur in 296.

Dara-i-gaz (s. of Balkh), a recall from 14.

Dara-i-Ghāzī Khān (Panj-āb), 233 n. 3.

Dara-i-khẉush (Kābul), Bābur in 27, 251-3.

Dara-i-nūr (Kābul) described 210; unique character of 210, 241, App. F; wines of 210, 410, App. G, xxv; monkeys of 211, 492; name of App. F, xxiii, xxiv; a holder of 227, 344; attacked 241; Bābur in 422.

Dara-i-pūr-amīn (Kābul), Bābur at 342 (where for “anīm” read amīn).

Dara-i-ṣūf (Khurāsān), character of 222.2945

Dara-i-zang (Khurāsān), defence for planned 191.

Dara-i-zindān (Kābul-Balkh road), mountains of 222; located 189 n. 6; Bābur in 189.

Darband (Caspian Sea), 564 n. 5.

Darband-i-ahanīn (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), a limit of territory 47; a name of Qulūgha, Quhqa, 194; *Bābur at 353; Najm S̤āmī near 359.

Dar-i-gham canal (Samarkand) described 76, 84; Bābur on 124-5; (see Kohik-water).

Darūta (Kābul), Bābur at 421-2.

Darwāza (Bājaur ? N.W.F.P. India), a road through 376.

Dasht (Plain), Dāman, Bāzār and Tāq (N.W.F.P. India), names of 229 n. 1, 233 and n. 1; (Mehtar Sulaimān) mountains of 223; limits Bannū 233; a route through 206; Bābur and 229, 235-7, 394.

Dasht-i-shaikh, Kurrat-tāziyān (Kohistān, Kābul) described 215.

Dāwar (Kohistān, Kābul), Bābur at 421;

perhaps Dūr-nāma 421 n. 5.

Dhar (C. India), observatory in 79.

Dībālpūr (Panj-āb), revenue of 521; water-wheels in 486, 532; commandants in 442-3, 463; Bābur captures 208, *441, 575-8.

Dih-i-afghān (Kābul), a rebel in 345; a goer to 402.

Dih-i-ghulāmān (Kābul), Bābur at 413.

Dih-i-yaq‘ūb (Kābul), narrows of 200; water of 241; Bābur at 409, 445.

Dihlī, mountains of 485; the capital of Hindūstān 463; a Lūdī possession 481; revenue of 521; Mīwāt and 577; ‘Ālam Khān and 455-6; Ibrāhīm marches from 465; Sangā gives Bābur rendezvous near 529; Bābur takes possession of 475; appointments to 476; submissive 523; mentioned as Bābur’s 561; Khwāja Kalān’s inscription in 525; an arrival from to Bābur 526; treasure of 583, *695 n. 1, 617.

Dikh-kat (Aūrā-tīpa, Samarkand), described 149, 152; an arrival in 151; Bābur in 149, 150, 633 n. 4.

Dilmāū var. (U.P. India), comings and goings from and to 534-7, 681-4; variants of name of 681 n. 3.

Dīn-kot, Dhānkot (N.W.F.P. India), location and name of 206 n. 6; limit of Koh-i-jūd 380 and of Bannū 233; routes through 206, 399.

Dīrapūr (U.P. India), Bābur in 649.

Dīrī pass (Kābul), a route through 209.

Diyūl (Samarkand), allies of Bābur in 138.

Dīzak (Samarkand), Bābur a fugitive in 148; a governor of 26.

“Doāb,” see Miyān-dū-āb.

Dū-āba (U.P. India), Gangetic changes in 667 n. 2.

Dugdūgī (U.P. India), Bābur at 651-2.

Dūghāba river (Khurāsān), head-waters of 216.

Dūkī (Qandahār), mountains of 223, 236;

Bābur in 218, 238, 382.

Dūlpūr, “Dholpur” (Rājpūtāna), mountains of 486; Ibrāhīm Lūdī’s begs in 593; Bābur and 520, 552, 585, *603-6, 614, 634-5-9, 689; accounts of work in 606, 634, 642; a view from 610.

Dūn (Jaswān, Panj-āb); ‘Ālam Khān in 457; Bābur in 461-2.

Dungarpūr (Rājpūtāna), old name of 573 n. 1.

Dūr-nāma or -namā’ī (Kohistan, Kābul), described 215; Bābur at 420; (see Dāwar).

Dūrrin- or Dīūrrīn-tangī (Kābul), a limit of Shāh-i-Kābul 200, 417.

Dū-shaṃba (Badakhshān), Humāyun at 621.

Dūshī (n. of Hindū-kush), Khusrau Shāh submits to Bābur at 51, 191-5.

Egypt, see Miṣr.

Etāwa, Itāwa (U.P. India), hostile to Bābur 523-9, 530; appointments to 530-3, 579, 582; comings and goings from and to 541, 645, 689; Bābur at 644, 686.

Faizābād (Badakhshān), *? Bābur and Māhīn at 436.

Fakhru’d-dīn-aūlūm (Balkh-Herāt road), Bābur at 296; (see Fr. map Maïmènè).

Fanākat, Banākat = Shāhrukhiya (Tāshkīnt), passed by the Sīr-daryā 2; identity of 2 n. 5, 7 n. 5.

Fān-tāgh (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Lake Iskandar in 129; Bābur in 130.

Fārāb (W. Turkistan?), a mullā of 643.

Farāghīna (Farghāna), Bābur at 168.

Farghāna mod. Kokand, description of 1 to 12; extent of 2 n. 3; included in Trans-oxiāna 76; Alps of 223; nick-name of 289; winter-route into 2, *183; capitals of 3, 10, 162; an e. limit of Samarkand 76; Kābul trade of 202; celebrities of 4, 7, 76, 90, 289; ‘Umar Shaikh’s (I and II) 14-7, 24; Bābur succeeds in 1, 29; invasions of 13, 20-9, 54, *183; proposal to dispossess Bābur 168; an arrival in 28; an exit from 190; Bābur’s loss of 19 n. 1, *183; Bābur’s leaving 187; (see Andijān).

Far-kat (n. of Kīndīr-tau q.v.), a refugee in 149; a mullā of 343; reached from Ghawā (Farghāna, Fr. map, Gava), 179.

Farmūl tūmān (Kābul), described 220; a s. limit of Kābul 200; Ūrghūn in 206 n. 2; roads through 206, 231-3-5; Shaikh-zādas of 220, 679 n. 7.

Fatḥpūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 643, 686.

Fatḥpūr or Natḥpūr (U.P. India), a dependency of 680; lake of 681.

Fatḥpūr-Aswa (U.P. India), Bābur at 651.

Fīrūzābād (U.P. India), 643 n. 3.

Fīrūz-koh (Ghūr-Kābul road), Bābur on 365.

Fīrūzpūr (-jhirka; Gurgaon, Panj-āb), described 580 n. 1; Bābur at 580.

Fulūl (Badakhshān), Khusrau Shāh and 60; Mughūls from, join Bābur 192 (where read Fulūl).

Gagar, Ghaggar, Kakar river (Patiāla, Panj-āb), Bābur visits and describes 464-5; called rūd (torrent) of Banūr and Sanūr 464.

Gagar, Kakar (U.P. India), a constituent of the Gogrā, Ghogrā q.v.; the word Gagar or Kakar used 602.

Gamb(h)īr-water (India), Bābur crosses 606.

Gandak river (India), course of 485; defence of 663.

Gandamak (Kābul), Bābur at 394, 414, 446.

Gang-river, Ganges (India), course of 485; changed course of 667 n. 2, 674 n. 6-7 n. 2, 682 n. 1; bridged by Bābur 495, 599, 633; lands and chiefs east of 523, 628, 638, 651; various crossings made of 530, 544, 583-7, 598, 669, 681-4; Bābur on 598 to 665, 666-7; a battle-station east of 371; Bābur swims 603-5, 655, 660.

Garm-chashma (Kābul), Bābur at 229, 411, 448.

Garm-sīr (S. Afghānistān), *432; a bird of 496.

Garzawān (Khurāsān, Fr. map Maïmènè, Ghourzistan), mountains of 222; locates a place 69; a plan for defence of 191; Bābur at 296 (where mis-spelled “Gurzwān”).

Gau- or Kau-water (Kābul), Kāfiristān the source of 210.

Gawār or Kawār (Kābul), position of 210.

Ghain (Kābul), a punitive force against 253.

Ghaj-davān (Bukhārā), *besieged 360; *battle of 361, 279: a fugitive from 363.

Gharjistan, Ghurjistān (Khurāsān), mountains of 222; Bābur near 308; Muḥammad-i-zamān in 365.2946

Ghawā (Farghāna, Fr. map, Gava), Bābur seeks the road to 179, 180-1-*2.

Ghāzipūr (U.P. India), crocodiles of 502; an assignment on 527; a holder of 669; threatened 544, 680; Bābur at 659; his boats sent to 679.

Ghaznī = Kābul and Zābulistan, Ghaznīn (Kābul); describes 217, 321; a N.W. limit to Hindūstān 481; cold of 219, 526; game in 224; no honey from 203; firewood of 223; highwaymen on road to 228; wines of, taken to Hindūstān 461, 551; repairs of a dam at 219, 646; a route to 206; locates Zurmut 220; a Shāhrukhī’s 382 (here Kābul); Aūlūgh Beg and 95 n. 2; Dost Beg buried at 396; various governors of 227, 253-4, 307, 343-4, 363, 397, 525; not subjected to Bābur (912 AH.) 300; rebellion in (912 AH.) 363; Khwāja Kalān and 447, 526; Bābur and 199, 228, 239, 240, 330, 526.

Ghūr (Khurāsān), mountains of 222; w. limit to Kābul 200; road from Kābul to 214; a holder of 274.

Ghurām (Panj-āb), an assignment of 525.

Ghūr-bund tūmān (Kābul), described 214; Nīl-āb (Naulibis) in 206 n. 3; roads from 205; a tulip of 215; Bābur in 195, 294, 314.

Ghūrī (Khurāsān), position of 409; a route through 94; corn from 295; a failure in 546.

Ghurjistān, see Gharjistān.

Ghwālirī pass (on the Gūmāl q.v., India), a surmised route through 235 n. 2.

Gibrik or Kibrik (Kāfiristān), people of 207.

Gingūta (Panj-āb), described 462; an occupation of 457.

Gīrdīz (Kābul), head-quarters in Zurmut 220; tribesmen on road to 228, 403; a road for 405; locates a place 403; Khwāja Kalān’s 525; Tang-i-waghchān a name for its pass 403 n. 1.

Gogrā, Ghogrā, Gagar, Kakar river (U.P. India), see Sarū.

Gosfand-liyār (n. of Bannū-plain), a sheep-road travelled by Bābur 233.

Goshta (Kābul), 206 n. 4.

Gūālīār, Gwālior (C. India), described 607 to 612, 613-4; Bābur’s building in 520; hills of 486; revenue of 521; forms of the name 486; ruler of killed at Pānīpat 477; hostile to Bābur 523-9 (where add “Gūālīār” after Dūlpūr, l. 4 fr. foot), 539; assigned 539; gained 540; reinforced 547, 557; Bābur’s visit to 605, 552, 607 to 614; on envoy from 612; sedition in 688-9, 690, *692 n. 1.

Gūī-water, Gumtī (U.P. India), course of 485 (where for “Gumtī” read (Bābur’s) Gūī); Bābur on 601, 658, 683-4.

Gujrāt (Panj-āb), a tree of; a ruler in 481; affairs of 534-5.

Gūk-sarāī (Samarkand), described 41 n. 2, 63, 77; ascension-stone in 77 n. 5; a Mīrzā sent to 41.

Gul-i-bahār (Kohistān, Kābul), described (without name) 214-5; fish-catching in 226, Bābur at 320-1, 406-7.

Gūmāl valley and river (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur and 235-6.

Guṃbazak pass (Khurāsān; see Fr. map Maïmènè), Bābur at 294.

Guṃhaz-i-chaman (Farghāna), Bābur at 176.

Gūra-khattrī (Panj-āb), Bābur and 230, 294.

Gurgān-sū (s.e. of the Caspian), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā swims 259, 260 n. 6.

Guzar var. (Qandahār?), Bābur at 332.

Hā-darwesh waste (Farghāna), described 9, 9, 151; *birthplace of Bābur’s legendary son 358 n. 2.

Haft-bacha pass (Hindū-kush), described 205.

Ḥājī-ghāt pass (Hindū-kush), turns Hindū-kush 205 n. 2.

Ḥājipūr (Bihār, India), Bābur and 674; a governor of 663 n. 6.

Ḥājī-tarkhān = Astrakhān (on the Caspian), a chief of 258.

Haldī-guẕr (U.P. India), location of 668 n. 2, 669 n. 1, 671 n. 1; Bābur’s men cross 668-9, 675.

Ḥalwā-chashma (Khurāsān), a victory at 260.

Hamadān (Persia), a saint of 211; *a soldier of 700.

Hamtātū pass (Panj-āb), Bābur crosses 381.

Hangū (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 231-2.

Harmand-, Halmand-river (Afghānistān), source of 216; a drowning in 307.

Hārū, Kacha-kot water (Panj-āb), Bābur crosses 379, 452; an Indus-ford near 206 n. 5.

Hash(t)-nagar (N.W.F.P. India), a limit of Kābul 200; desolate 207; rhinoceros in 490; birds of 497, 500; locates a place 376; Bābur advised to raid 410-1.

Hasht-yak (W. Turkistān), Bābur near 151.

Hātya (Panj-āb), limit of a clan 452 n. 5.

Hazārasp (Khwārizm), a holder of 50.

Herī, Herāt (Khurāsān), description of 304 to 306; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s birthplace 256, conquest of 134, splendid rule in 273, ease in 261, feast in 264, delay of a pilgrim in 284, reception of fugitives 243, burial in 293; —joint-rule in 293, 326; weakness before Aūzbeg attack on 296-9, 326; —Shaibānī’s capture of 207, 326-8-9; —Ismā‘īl Ṣafawī’s capture of *350-5; —‘Ubaidu’l-lāh Aūzbeg and *434; —‘Ali-sher Nawā’ī in 4, 271, 286-7; Banā’ī and 286-7; *Shāh Beg and 365, 429, 430; Khwānd-amīr and *432, 605; fugitives from 331; governors of 24, 37, 274 (Koh-dāman), 275, *633; envoys to Bābur from *436; a Begīm comes from 267; Maṣ‘ūma brought from 330; Bābur at 300-1-2, 302 to 307; his marriage with Māhīm in *704; —locates a place 25; fixes a date 258.

Ḥimār or Khimār (? Khurāsān), a passer through 260.

Hind, Hindūstān, Hindustānāt—a northern limit of Kābul 200; routes between it and Kābul 206; a journey to Makka made from Kābul through 26; trade and traders 202, 331, 416; Jats and Gujūrs in 454; a saint honoured in 238; a rāja of 219; comings and goings to and from 250, 265, 267, 368; Khwānd-amīr in *432, 605 and n. 6; —Astronomical Tables in 79; names for outside places used in 202; gold from 446; titles in 537; building style in 609; greetings in 640; mentioned by Bābur in a verse 584; Hind-āl named from 385; of Bīānā in 529; of the Betwa 597; —a seemingly limited use of the name Hindūstān 386; of its three names used by Bābur, Hind 26, 219, 385, 525, 532, 577, 577 n. 6, 578, Hindūstānāt 485, Hindūstān usually; —Hindūstān the Less (?) 46 and 46 n. 4; —Lūdī rise in 383; Lūdī possessions in 463, 480; Ibrāhīm’s accession in 385; *torn by faction 439; envoys to Bābur from *426, *436; Bābur’s comments on its chiefs 219, 385, 459; Farmūlī ascendancy in 220; begs in 387; armies in 547; —Tīmūr’s conquest of 382; his employment in Samarkand of workmen from 77; pictures of his victories in 78; tradition of a soldier in his army of 150; —Bābur’s persistent wish to regain Turk possessions in 340, 377, 380-1-2, 478-9; working-out of his desire for *426; varied opposition to his aims 478; *his five expeditions to:— 910 AH.—39, 229, 382; 925 AH.—378 et seq., 478, 480; 926 AH.—*428, *429; its frustration *429, *430, *441; 930 AH.—575, *442; its frustration 442; 932 AH.—*444, 445, 479; —one start frustrated in Kābul 913, AH. 341-3; ‘Ālam Khān asks and obtains help in *439, *441, 455; Daulat Khān proffers allegiance *440; *Bābur’s prayer for a sign of victory *440; his fifth expedition fixes dates 269, 545; indications that only the fifth aimed at Dihlī *429, *444, 480; his decisive victories, at Pānīpat 475, at Kānwa 574; references to his conquest 220, 561; some of his Begs wish to leave 524-5, 579, 584; his Hindūstān poems 642, App. Q; his ease in and hints at leaving 617, 645, 686; his family brought to 646, 686; —the *Akbar-nāma chronicles no public events of 936-937 AH. in 682; *Bābur’s journey to Lāhor (936 AH.) may point to his leaving Hindūstān 707; *Humāyūn’s arrival in 696, 707; *on Bābur’s intended disposal of Hindūstān 702 to 708; *burial of his body in 709 and later removal from 709-710; —Bābur’s description of Hindūstān 478 to 531, viz.:—Introduction, on earlier Tramontane expeditions into 478 to 480, boundaries and capital of 480, rulers in 932 AH. 481, varied climate, character of and northern mountains 484; rivers and Arāvallī range 485; irrigation 486, other particulars 487, —mammals 488, birds 493, aquatic animals 501, fruits 503, flowers 513; —seasons of the year 515, days of the week 516, division of time 516, weights and measures 517, modes of reckoning 518; —Hindūs in 518; —defects and advantages of 518-9, 531, 532, revenues 520-1.

Hindū-kush mountains, n. boundary of Kābul 200-4; connected ranges 210, 380; called Hindū-kush in Kābul 485; account of their prolongation in Hind (i.e. Himālayas), 485; roads and passes of 204-5; the clouds a hindrance to bird-migration 224; limits of territory fixed by 47-9, 194; an episode on 270 *Bābur’s crossing 930 AH. 442.

Ḥiṣār-fīrūza (Panj-āb), revenue of 521; given to Humāyūn 465, 466, 528; opposition near 540.

Ḥiṣār (-shādmān; Transoxiana), mountains of 222; clans from 228; Kābul trade with 202; —Abā-bikr and 51; Maḥmūd and 47-9; Mas‘ūd and 52, 64, 71, 93-5, 261; Bāī-sunghar and 52, 61, 96, 110-2; Ḥusain and 48, 57-8-9, 61, 130, 191, 260-3, 275; Bābur traverses 128, 130, 187-8, moves for *352, takes 37, 262, *352-3, defends *358, 471, attacked in 345, *361-2, leaves 362-3; —Mughūls leave 58 and rebel 105; goers to 104, 141; Shaibānī and 192, 244, *362; abandoned by the Aūzbegs 622-4; Khusrau Shāh and see s.n.; *threefold catastrophe in 362; Humāyūn ordered to attack 625; Qāsim qūchīn and 66; a governor in 46-7; occupied for Bābur 640.

Hormuz (Persia), Farghāna almonds imported to 9.

Hūnī (Kābul), Bābur at 405.

Hūpīān pass, Ūpīān (Kābul), Bābur crosses 195; locates a place 647 n. 3.

Hurūr (Panj-āb), taken from Bābur 464.

Hushīār (Farghāna), a subdivision of Asfara 7; Bābur a refugee in 7, *181; his gifts to envoys from 633.

Ilyāk-sū, Kāfirnighān (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), locates a place 48 n. 5.

Indrī (U. P. India), an arrival at 456.

Indus, see Sind-daryā.

‘Irāq (Persia), Kābul trade with 202; various captures of 49, 51, 280, 336; envoys to and from 540, 583, 666; other comings and goings from and to 20, 46, 260-2-8, 275, 282-7, 291-4 n. 3, 622; Bābur’s gifts to kinsfolk in 522.

‘Iraqain, i.e. ‘Irāq-i-‘ajam and ‘Irāq-i-‘arabī, places noted for cold in 219.

‘Iraq-pass (n. w. of Kābul), a presumed crossing of 294 n. 3.

Īrij or Īrich (C. India), Bābur at 590.

Ishkīmīsh (Qūndūz?), not in Badakhshān 288; on a named route 321; military action at 60, 192, 243.

Ispahān (Persia), a governor of 635 n. 6.

Istālif (Kābul), described 216; a garden at 246; fishing at 226; Bābur at 246, 406, 416-8.

Jagdālik pass (Kābul), Bābur crosses 229, 341, 414.

Jahān-namā fort (Bhīra, Panj-āb), Bābur in 384 (where for “nūma” read namā).

Jahān-namā hill (Dihlī district), 485.

Jahān-namā’ī (Kābul), Bābur at 421; see Jūī-shāhī.

Jajmāū or Jajmāwa (U. P. India), rebels in 533; a submission near 534.

Jakīn pargana (U. P. India), Bābur in 644.

Jālandhar (Panj-āb), an appointment to 442.

Jalīsar, Jalesar (on the Jumna, U. P. India), Humāyūn at 531; Bābur at 589, 640 (in both places read Jalīsar).

Jalīsar, Jalesar (on the Ghogrā, U. P. India), Bābur at 681; perhaps Chaksar 681 n. 4.

Jālmīsh (w. frontier, Kābul), 205 n. 2.

Jāl-tū var. Chā-tū (Kābul), Bābur at 228.

Jām, mod. Jām-rūd (N. W. F. P. India), Bābur at 229, 230, 412.

Jām (Khurāsān), Hātifī’s birthplace 288; how marked in maps 623 n. 8, *714;

Jāmī the cognomen of Maulānā ‘Abdu’r-raḥman q.v.;

Aūzbeg defeat near 622 n.1, 625 n. 4, 635, 636 n. 2, details as to location of the battle 623 n. 8, 635 n. 4.

Janāra or Chanāra (U. P. India), rebels take refuge in 682; not identified 682 n. 1.

Janglīk (Kābul), Bābur at 251-3, 311-4 n. 1.

Jaswān-dūn (Panj-āb), described 462; Bābur in 461-3.

Jaunpūr (U. P. India), see Jūnpūr.

Jauz-wilāyat (Khurāsān), 46 n. 3.

Jīhlam, Jīlam, Jhelum (Panj-āb), Bābur near 453; see Bahat for Jhelum river.

Jūd mountains (Panj-āb), see Koh-i-jud.

Jūduk (Samarkand), Bābur at 147.

Jūī-shāhī (Kābul), Bābur at 229, 394, 410, 422; (see Jahān-namā’ī).

Jumandnā, mod. “Jumoheen” ? (U. P. India), Bābur at 649.

Jūn-river, Jumna (India), course of 485; locates a place 532; a drowning in 582; Bābur on or crossing 467, 475, 531, 605, 616, 638-9, 640, 650-5, 684-6; he bathes in 644; orders his officers to cross 684; in flood 685.

Jūnahpūr, Jūnapūr (U. P. India), an old form of Jūnpūr or Jaunpūr 676 n. 4; used by Bābur 276 (where read it for “Jaunpur”), 544, 636, 676, 682; see infra Jūnpūr.

Jūnpūr, Jaunpūr (U. P. India), water of 658; formerly a Sharqī possession 481; revenue of 521; taken by Humāyūn 544; an assignment on 527; appointments to 276, 538, 544, 676, 682; arrivals from 636, 667.

Jūrgha-tū (Kābul), see Qūrgha-tū.

Jūsa or Chausa (C. P. India), Bābur at 581.

Kābul town and country, description of 199 to 227, —position and boundaries 199, 481, town and environs 200, fort 201, 344, bridges 198, 314, 417, trade 202, climate 77, 201-3, 223, 314, 584, snow in 208-9, 223, 314, dividing line between hot and cold climates 208, 220, 229, fruits 202, 510, cultivated lands 243, meadows 204, Hindū-kush roads 204, Lamghānāt roads 201, Khurāsān road 205, Hindūstān roads 205, 206 n. 3, 231, 308, 629; highwaymen 205, 341, peoples 207, 221, subdivisions 207 to 221, dependencies 214-5, revenue 221, mountain-tracts 221, firewood 223, fauna 223, 496-8, bird-catching 224, fishing 225; —rivers of, Bārān q.v.—Kābul, Luhūgur (Logar); garm-sīl 208, 484; unfitness for nomads 228, 402; use “Hindū-kush” in 485; use of “Kābul” in Āgra 532; a mullā of 284; —given to ‘Umar Shaikh 14; Aūlūgh Beg Kābulī and 95 and n. 2 (where “2” should follow “Mīrzā” and not “son”), *185; Abā-bikr and 260; ‘Abdu-r-razzāq and 195; Muqīm Arghūn and 195, 198-9, 227; Khusrau Shāh and 192; —Bābur’s move to win it 7, 189, 191-7; his capture of 198-9; dates fixed, by the capture of, 19 n. 1, 21, 26, 39, 48, 227, 251, 274, 282, 377, 383, 394, and by his possession of 27, 529; a sequel of its capture 243; reserved by him for himself 227, 227 n. 5, 627, 645-6; —his comings and goings to and from 27, 229, 241, 248-9, 294, 323, 325, 330, 339, *350, *363-4-5, 389, 395, 403-4-5-7-8, 415-18-19, 441-2-3; other comings and goings 51, 196, 228, 321, 349, 364-5, 385, 399, 531, 539, 544, *696, 687, 699; men sent to 343, 413, 466, 476; various Begims arrive in or leave 36, 306, 339—265, 397—21—264—267—269—606, 616; family journey from 646-7, 650-5-7-8, 686-7-9 n. 5; followers delay to go to 307; *landless men in 706; excess levy of grain on 228; its sir (weight) 632; officers in 250, 270, 273, 382, 646 n. 3; newly-made begs of 458, 524; —anxiety for 300, 307; disloyalty in 313-320, 331, 345; *tranquil 349; *Mughūls of 357; of its troops 375, 550, 579, 625; —Bābur in it the last ruling Tīmūrid 340, *427; envoys to him in *439-440, *441, 529; his poverty in 525; learns the word sangur in 232; family affairs in *603-4; —letters of victory sent to 371, 466, 580; other letters to and from 374, 541, 618, 639, 644-5, 6; gifts 463, 523, 642; Bābur’s seeming intention of return to 698 n. 5, *705-6-7; his chosen centre *705; the taking of his body to *709-10; his burial-garden and grave *710-11.

Kābul-water, Nīl-āb a name of 206 n. 3; fords of 206, 345, 411; App. E xvii, xix, xx; Bābur on 451.

Kābud (Soghd, Samarkand), 73, 98.

Kacha-kot (Panj-āb), a holder of 250; Bābur crosses water of (Hārū) 379, 403, 452.

Kachwa (C. India), described 590; Bābur at 590-2.

Kāfiristān, mountains connecting with its own 480; former extent of 212 n. 3; borderlands of 210-1-2; wines of 211-2, 372; highwaymen of 205, 214; a ghāzī raid into 46.

Kahadstān (Herī), Bābur at 305; Shaibānī at 329.

Kāhān (Sind, India), Shāh Beg’s capture of 398, *430-5.

Kahlūr (Simla Hill-state, India), taken for Bābur 464; *its Rāja visits him, 692-9.

Kāhmard or Kalmard (Kābul-Balkh route, Fr. map Maïmènè), a plan for defence of 191; a governor in 409, 546 n. 2; exposed to Aūzbeg attack 409; various occurrences in it 239, 250, 295; Bābur in 48, 189; households left in 189, 194-7; Bābur loyal to Jahāngīr in 190, 239; he sends gifts to peasants of 633; (see Ajar).

Kahrāj (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 373-4.

Kakar river (N. India), see Gagar, Ghaggar.

Kālābāgh (Panj-āb), locates Dīnkot 206, n. 5.

Kalānjar (Panj-āb), perverted allegiance of 387 (where in n. 3 delete the second sentence).

Kalānjar (U.P. India), revenue of 521; Mahuba a dependency of 685 n. 3.

Kalānūr (Panj-āb), a governor of 442; Bābur and 451-8.

Kalda-kahār (Panj-āb), described 381; Bābur at 381-9, 391.

Kalpī (U.P. India), revenue of 521; elephants in 488; dependencies of 649, 686; locates places 544, 590, 659; hostile to Bābur 523; Bābur in 590; boats from 598, 684.

Kālpūsh (Khurāsān), 622 n. 3.

Kāma bulūk (Kābul), described 213; water of 211.

Kamarī (Kābul), meadow of 204; Bābur at 244; (on the Indus), Bābur at 230.

Kām-rūd valley (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), a flight through 58; Bābur in 129-30.

Kanār ferry (Jumna U.P. India), Bābur at 589, 590-8.

Kān-bāī (Samarkand), locates places 52, 64; Maḥmūd (Khān) at 53, 111.

Kandār, Kuhandār (Rājpūtāna), besieged by Sangā, surrenders 530-9.

Kand-i-badām (Farghāna), described 8, locates a place 20; a governor of 115; passers through 44, 172; Bābur at 92, *358 n. 2 (a legendary visit).

Kandla or Kūndla (U.P. India), revenue of 521; an assignment on 679.

Kāngra (Panj-āb), a “Bajaur” north of 511 n. 3.

Kānhpūr, “Cawnpore” (U.P. India), 649 n. 7.

Kanigūram (Dasht-Kābul route), 235 n. 2.

Kanwā, Kanwāha (Rājpūtāna), Bābur’s victory of 549, 557 to 574, 523 n. 3.

Kanwāhīn (Panj-āb), Bābur at 458.

Karal (Panj-āb), Bābur at 464.

Karā-sū, Qarā-sū? (Kābul), a tribe on 413.

Karg-khāna, see Sawād.

Kark ? (Kābul), Bābur at 395.

Karmān (‘Irāq), surrenders 51; an intruder in 260.

Karmā-nāśā river (Bihār, India), ill-repute of 659; Bābur on 659-60.

Kar-māsh mountain (Kābul), located 403; Bābur near 403-5.

Karmīna (Samarkand), mentioned as a wilāyat 84.

Karnāl (U.P. India), *Bābur at 701.

Karnān (Farghāna), a village of 161; locates place 162, 168 (where in section heading for “Kāsān” read Karnān); a darogha of 179-80; Bābur and 179, *182.

Karrah (U.P.I.), a dependency of 651; Bābur at 652.

Karrah-Mānikpūr (U.P. India), revenue of 521; elephants in 488; Humāyūn near 544.

Kāsān (Farghāna), described 10; fixes a date 28; a raid near 26; a departure to 32; a holder of hostile to Bābur 170; Bābur at 104, 116.

Kāshghar (E. Turkistān), an e. limit of Farghāna 1, of Samarkand 76; a border tribe of 55; *Kāshghar-Farghāna road 183; trade with Kābul 202, Andijānī captives in 20 n. 3; rulers in 21, 29 n. 5, 32-7, 318, 415, 427, 695-6; Mughūls in *184, 351, 364; arrivals from 399, 415-6; Bābur’s kinsfolk in 21-4, 318, 409, 522; a devious journey through 399; a return from 408, and to 590.

Kashmīr, mountains of 380-7, 481; a bird of 494; lost dependencies of 484; Bābur on name of 484, *sends an expedition to 692-3-8 n. 5, 701. Additional Note p. 693.

Kātlāng (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 377.

Kattawāz-plain (Ghaznī ?), torrent of 240; Bābur in 323-5.

Kawārī-water (C. India), Bābur crosses 607, 614.

Kechef-dara (Khurāsān), leads down to Mashhad 622 n. 3.

Kesh = Shahr-i-sabz (Samarkand), described 3, 83; a blinded refugee in 95; Banā’ī dismissed to 136; an arrival from 137; Bābur and 125-8, 138.

Keshtūd (Ḥiṣār-shādmān tract), Bābur at 130.

Khaibar-mountains (Kābul), route through 206; crossings of 250, 260, 492; Bābur’s crossings of 229, 382, 411-3.

Khairābād (U.P. India), revenue of 521; Bābur’s army at 583.

Khākān-ārīq (Farghāna), Bābur on 165-7.

Khalīla (Soghd, Samarkand), Bābur at 148.

Khalishak (Qandahār), a water-head 332; Bābur at 333.

Khamalangān (Badakhshān), a holder of 242.

Khamchān (Badakhshān), military move to 321.

Khān-yūrtī (Samarkand), described 82; Bābur at 67-8, 82, 124, 131.

Kharābūk (Farghāna), Bābur near 163-8.

Kharbīn (s.e. of Ghaznī), 323 n. 3.

Kharī (U.P. India), Bābur at 580.

Kharīd pargana (on the Sarū = Ghogrā), formerly on both banks of the river 561 n. 2, 664 n. 8, 674 n. 6; present limits 637, n. 1; position of town of 679 and n. 1; a (now) Bihār pargana of 674; Humāyūn plunders 544; capture of mentioned 561; Bābur’s man in 637; position of its army opposing Bābur 664, 676 n. 5.

Khartank (Samarkand), a celebrity of 76.

Khasbān plain (Farghāna), Bābur crosses 124.

Khaṣlar (W. Turkistān), Bābur at 151.

Kawāk road (Hindū-kush), 205; height of its pass 204, n. 4.

Khawāl-i-qūtī (see Zirrīn pass), Bābur in 309.

Khinjan (n. of Hindū-kush), roads to 205.

Khirgird or Khirjard (Khurāsān), Jāmī’sbirthplace 623, n. 8; battle of Jām fought near 623, 635.

Khirs-khāna (Kābul), Bābur passes 417.

Khit̤āī = N. China, a caravan from 15; porcelain, etc. from 80, 157-9, 160; trade profits in 202. [N. B.—For all instances Bābur’s word is Khitāī and not “China”.]

Khozār or Khūzār (Samarkand), mentioned as a wilāyat 84; lost by Aūzbegs, 135, 359.

Khūbān or Khūnān (Farghāna), approx. site of Bābur’s first ranged battle 113.

Khujand var. (Farghāna), described 7; not counted by all as in Farghāna 17; locates a place 55; holders of 35, 115; Aḥmad Mīrān-shāhī takes 30; surrender to Bābur of 53; Bābur’s first marriage made in it 35, 120; he in it 89, 90-1-2; a “poor place” 97-8; he halts in a village of 100; his legendary transit of 358 n. 2; a follower’s compulsory journey to 124.

Khujand-water, Saiḥūn, Sīr-daryā see Saiḥūn.

Khūlm (Kābul-Balkh road, Fr. map Bokhara), vine-culture in 210 n. 6; places on its river 546 n. 2.

Khūqān (Farghāna), an arrival at 44; Bābur at 161.

Khurāsān, Khurāsānāt (219), Hindustānī use of the name 202; Kābul roads from 205, 300; Kābul trade with 202, 225; melons and oranges of 203, 510, compared with Kābul Koh-dāman 216; ḥammāms in 79; medical practice in 246; refined manners of Khurāsānīs 303; nomads of 221; *enforced migration of Mughūls to 351; —Maḥmūd Ghaznawī and 479; Abū-sa‘īd’s Cadet Corps of 28, 50, App. H, xxvi, xxvii; Yūnas Khān in 20; Abā-bikr defeated in 260; Maḥmūd expelled from 46; Mas‘ūd “did not stay in” 95 (where add the quoted words, l. 12, after “service”); Badī‘u’z-zamān returns to 70; Ḥusain Bāī.qarā and 57, 94, 259-60-80-83; Bābur and 185-7-8, 255, 285-6, 295, 300, 330-2; Ma‘sūma in 36, 339; —troops of 61, 296; dismissals to 98, 128, 194-7, 319, 320; comings and goings from and to 15, 194, 197, *243, 264, 270, 331, 363; distinguished men of 280-2-4, 291; Bābur’s kinsfolk in 246, 253, 522, 617; a verse well known in 328.

Khūrd (Khẉurd)-Kābul (Kābul), wild asses in 224; river-dam of 647; Bābur in 341.

Khurram (Kābul-Balkh route), traitors to Bābur near 546 (Fr. map Maïmènè, Khouram).

Khūsh-āb (Panj-āb), Abā-bikr in 260; Bābur regards it as his own 380-2; Balūchīs in 383; an enemy to 383-4, 388; a governor of 388; a fugitive through 399.

Khutan, Khotin (E. Turkistān), Aīlchī the capital of 50 n. 2; Gūrkhān a title of rulers in 84 n. 2; a ruler in 32.

Khutlān (Ḥiṣār-shādmān territory), river and alps of 60, 222; a saint’s burial in 211; a ruler and holders of 47, 58, 93, 191-6; Bābur’s victory in 18.

Khwāja ‘Abdu’ṣ-ṣamad (Kābul), 201.

Khwāja Basta (Kābul), a water-course near 647.

Khwāja Bikargān (Farghāna), water of 99 n. 4.

Khwāja Changal (Tāhqān), 61; located 60 n. 4.

Khwāja Chār-tāq (Qūndūz) 244.

Khwāja Dīdār (Samarkand), Bābur’s winters in 73-4; Shaibānī near 130-1-5; Bābur passes 147.

Khwāja Ḥasan (Kābul), Bābur passes 398, 418.

Khwāja ‘Imād (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur at 188.

Khwāja Ismā‘īl Sirītī (s.e. of the Kābul territory), mountains of 223; Bābur at 323-4.

Khwāja Kafshīr (Samarkand), escapes by 62, 144.

Khwāja Kārdzan var. Kardzīn (Samarkand), 65, 128; Shaibānī at 138.

Khwāja Khāwand Sa‘īd (Kābul), wines of 203, 215.

Khwāja Kitta (Farghāna), Bābur at 165.

Khwāja Khiẓr (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 372-6.

Khwāja Khiẓr’s Qadam-gāh (Kābul), 201, 407.

Khwāja Khiẓr’s Mosque (Samarkand), 142.

Khwāja-rabāt̤ (Samarkand), 73, 97, 127-8, 130-1.

Khwāja Raushānā’ī’s Chashma (Kābul), 201.

Khwāja Reg-i-rawān (Kohistān, Kābul), described 215; Bābur at 420.

Khwāja Riwāj (Kābul), rebels go to 245, 345.

Khwāja Rustam (Kābul), Bābur near 447.

Khwāja Shabāb (Kābul), Bābur at 418.

Khwāja Shamū’s tomb (Kābul), 201.

Khwāja Sih-yārān (Kābul), described 216; names of the “three friends” 216, n. 4; Bābur at 398, 405-6-20.

Khwāja Zaid (n. of Hindū-kūsh), Bābur at 195.

Khwāṣ (Samarkand border?), ‘Umar Shaikh defeated at 17, 34; located 17 and n. 1.

Khwārizm = Khiva, w. limit of Samarkand 76; and northern of Khurāsān 261; cold in 219; Maḥmūd Ghaznawī’s over-rule in 479; Chīn Ṣufī defends 242, 255-6; Khusrau Shāh’s head sent to 244; a Bāī-qarā refugee in 397; governors of 256, 274; Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ of it 289 n. 4.

Khwāst, “Khost” (n. of Hindū-kush), mountains of 221; name and character of 221 n. 4; a mullā of 368; Mīr-zādas of 412; comers and goers from and to 399, 403, 196 n. 5; piety of Khwāstīs 523 n. 1; *Māhīm Begīm’s connection with 714; Bābur at *363, 408.

Kīlā-gāhī (n. of Hindū-kush), a fugitive through 321.

Kilirah? (U.P. India), Bābur at 680.

Kilīf ferry (Oxus), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 57, 191.

Kīndīr-tau, Kurāma (Farghāna’s n.w. border-mountains), 8n. 5, 11 n. 6; —Kīndīrlīk pass, when open 2 n. 4, *183; distinguished 116 n. 2; The Khāns and 90, 161, 172; Bābur crosses 54, 90, 161.

Kind-kir (Kābul), described 424; (see Masson, iii, 193).

Kintit (U.P. India), identified 657 n. 2; Bābur at 657.

Kīrkī ferry (Oxus), 191.

Kishm (Badakhsḥān), Aūzbeg defeat at 295; Humāyūn near 621, 624 n. 1; ? *Bābur winters in (919 AH.), 362.

Kisrī-tāq (below Bāghdād), height of 83.

Kītib or Kīb (Panj-āb), an appointment to 393.

Koel, Kūl, Kūīl (U.P. India), see Kūl.

Kohāt (Panj-āb), Bābur in 218-31-33-50, 382-94.

Koh-bacha (var. ? a common noun; Kābul), tooth-picks gathered on 407.

Koh-dāman (Herāt), an appointment to 274.

Koh-dāman (Kābul), described 215 to 217; Bābur on 320, 405, 416, 420.

Koh-i-jūd, Salt-range (Panj-āb), described 379; places connecting with 381, 452; a note of Erskine’s on 380 n. 2.

Koh-khirāj (U.P. India), Bābur at 653.

Kohik, Chūpān-ātā q.v. (Samarkand), described 76 n. 4; gardens on 78, 80; bounds a meadow 82; Bābur near 72.

Kohik-sū = Zar-afshān (Samarkand), course and name 76, 76 n. 4; bounds a meadow 82, and a tūmān 84; suggested drowning in 128 n. 2; Bābur and 64, 130-1; swims it in flood 140.

Koh-i-nūr, Rocky-mountain (Kābul), see Kūnār.

Koh-i-safed, Spīn-ghur (Kābul), described 209; Pushtū name of 209 n. 2; App. E, xvii, xix, xx.

Kohistan (Badakhshān), begs of 296; —(Kābul), villages of described 214 and n. 7; a tūmān of 213; rara avis of 213 n. 7.

Kohtin mountains (s. of Samarkand), limits possessions of territory 47.

Kūfīn (Samarkand), 65.

Kūkcha-sū (Badakhshān), 321.

Kūl, Kūīl, Koel (U.P. India), a governor of 176; Bābur’s building-work in 520 (here Kūīl), his envoy to 526, loss of 557, 576, visit to 586-7.

Kūl-āb (Badakhshān), a chief of 627 n. 2, *696.

Kula-grām (Kūnār, Kābul), Bābur at 423.

Kuldja (E. Turkistān), Ālmalīgh the former capital of 2 n. 1; *The Khāns escape after defeat by its road 183 (where read Kuldja).

Kul-kīna or Gul-kīnā (Kābul), a place of revel 200-1, 395.

Kūl-i-malik (Bukhārā), Bābur defeated at 40, *357.

Kūnār with Nūr-gal (Kābul), described 211; is Koh-i-nūr (Rocky-mountain), the true name of, App. F, xxiii, xxiv; torrent of 212; beer made in 423; peacocks in 493; a test of woman’s virtue in 212, governors in 227, 344; Bābur in 343, 376, 423.

Kundī (Lamghānāt, Kābul), see Multa-kundī.

Kūndih or Kūndbah (Bihār, India), Bābur at 674-7, 687 n. 5 (where read the name as above).

Kūra pass (Kābul), divides the hot and cold climates 220; Bābur at 421.

Kūrarah (U.P. India), Bābur at 651.

Kūrdūm-dabān (Farghāna), 5 n. 3.

Kūrīa (U.P. India), Bābur at 651.

Kurrat-tāziyān (Kābul), see Dasht-i-shaikh.

Kusār (U.P. India), Bābur at 652.

Kushan (Persia), locates Rādagān 622 n. 4.

Kūtila (Panj-āb), Bābur gains 462; strength of 463.

Kūtila-lake, mod. Kotila-jhil (Gurgaon, Panj-āb), Bābur at 580 and n. 1.

Kūy-pāyān, Low-lane (Samarkand), 146.

Lāhūr, Lahor (Panj-āb), revenues of 446, 521; snows seen from 485; water-wheels of 486, 532; locates Sīālkot 429; Daulat Khān and 382-3, *428, *441-2-3, 451; Bābur’s envoy detained in 385; ‘Ālam Khān and 444, 455-8; Bābur’s begs in 443, 453-4; sedition in 688; *Bābur’s visit to (936 AH.) 604 n. 1, *692-3-7-8-9, 707; Māhīm and 650-9; *taken by Kāmrān (where for “935” read 938).

Lak-lakān (s. of Tāshkīnt), a hostile meeting at 145.

Laknau, Lakhnau, Luknau, “Lucknow” (U.P. India), a bird of 495; abandoned by Bābur’s men 594; Bābur at 601; ? Bīban and Bāyazīd approach it 677; ? news of capture of 679 and n. 2, 681; variants in name of 677 n. 3, 678 n. 1, 582 n. 6, App. T; see Luknūr.

Lamghānāt tūmāns (Kābul), described 207-13; true use of the name 210; classification of 200; a tūmān of 318; mountains of 222; tribes in 229, 242; fruits of 203, 424, 510-1; birds of 494-5, 500; fishing in 226; routes into 206-9; locates 208, 211; Bābur in 414-19-21-*29; (see Lamghān).

Lamghān tūmān (Kābul), the name of 200 n. 1, 210; a fruit and tree of 508; limits a tribe 341; Bābur’s retreat to 21, 340; Bābur in 407-14-19-21-*29.

Lār (Persia) a native of 284.

Laswaree, Battle of (1803 AD.) 578 n. 1.

Lāt-kīnt (Farghāna), Bābur at 108.

Lawāīn (U.P. India), Bābur at 656.

Lombardy (Italy), wine culture in 210 n. 5.

Luhūgur, mod. Logar (Kābul), described 217;

Chirkh its one village 217; a celebrity of 184, 217; vine-culture in 210 n. 6.

Luknūr (Rāmpūr, U.P. India), revenue of 521; besieged by Bīban 582; ? approached by Bīban and Bāyazīd 677; ? news of its capture 679 and n. 2, 681.

Macha (Upper Zar-afshān), located 149, 152;

‘Alī Mīrān-sḥāhī takes refuge in 55; Bābur in 27, 67, 152-3.

Macham (Farghāna), a foot-hill 118, 125 n. 2.

Madan-Banāras, Zamania (U.P. India), Bābur at 658.

Madīna (Arābia), Bābur sends gifts to 523.

Māḏu, Māzū (Farghāna), Bābur takes 109.

Madhākūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 548, 616 (where read as here).

Maghāk-pul (Samarkand), Bābur at 68, 132.

Mahan (Farghāna), Bābur at 123.

Mahāwīn (Muttra; U.P. India), not submissive to Bābur 523.

Mahūba (U.P. India), rebels take flight to 685, 682 n. 1.

Māhūrā-sangur (N.W.F.P. India), locates a tribe 376.

Mahyar (N.W.F.P. India), 373 n. 6.

Maidān (Kābul), the road to 228; earthquake action near 247; white marble of 710.

Maidan-i-Rustam (Kābul), Bābur at 405.

Māīng (U.P. India), Bābur near 683.

Makka (Arabia), Bābur sends money gifts to 522, and a Qorān in his script 228 n. 3; pilgrims to 26, 267 n. 2, etc.

Malabar, a succession-custom in 482 n. 5.

Malarna (Rājpūtāna), revenue of 521.

Malot, see Milwat.

Mālwa (C. India), an observatory at 79; known in Bābur’s day as Mandāū q.v. 79.

Māmā Khātūn (Kābul), 405.

Mānas-nī (nai; Rājpūtāna), other names of 578 n. 1; reputed outfall of 580; Bābur on 578-9.

Mandaghān (Khurāsān), Bābur at 295.

Mandāū, Mandū (C. India), capital of Mālwa 482 n. 2; Mālwa known as 79, 482; hills of 486; a ruler of 482; a holder of 593, 688 n. 2, downfall of sult̤āns of 483; [Elphinstone Codex passim and Ḥaidarabad Codex, except on p. 79 where “Mandu” occurs, write Mandāū].

Mandīsh, Mandesh (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 375.

Mandrāwar tūmān (Kābul), described 210; one of the three constituents of the true Lamghānāt 210; a village of 424; holders of 229, 344; Bābur in 321, 421.

Mānikpūr (U.P. India), revenue, of 521; elephants in 489.

Maqām (N.W.F.P. India), perhaps mod. Mardān 377 n. 2; Bābur near 377-8.

Marāgha (Āẕar-bāyigān, Caspian Sea), astronomical Tables constructed at 79.

Marghīnān (Farghāna), described 6; bullies of 72947; a celebrity of 7, 76; locates a place 7; comings and goings from and to 30, 97 n. 2, 173; lost to Bābur 30; recovered by him 99-100; rebel attack on 101-2; Bābur in 103, 123, 162-9, 172.

Marūchāq (on the Murgh-āb, Khurāsān), Āūzbeg raiders defeated at 296.

Marwār (Rājpūtāna), Sangā’s approach from 544 n. 5.

Mashhad (Khurāsān), a celebrity of 285; a Bāī-qarā holder of 263, 296, 329-30; held by Aūzbegs 534, 623; T̤ahmāsp’s route to 622 n. 3.

Masht (Ghaznī?), a tribe in 323.

Masjid-i-jauza (Farghāna), described 5.

Masjid-i-laqlaqa (Samarkand), described 80.

Masjid-i-maqut̤a‘ (Samarkand), described 79.

Mastūng, Quetta (Balūchistān), Shāh Beg and 337, *427 (where read Mastūng).

Mātarīd (Samarkand), a celebrity of 75.

Māwarā’u’n-nahr, Transoxiana, name of the country of Samarkand 74; name includes Farghāna 76; melons and wines of 82-3; bullies in 7 (see s.n. Marghīnān for an omission); Leaders of Islām born in 7, 75-6; three strong forts in 3; an appointment in its interests 61, 85; in Aūzbeg hands 427, 480, 618; *Bābur’s desire to regain 697 n. 1 (and s.n. Bābur).

Mehtar-Sulaimān range (Afghān border), a shrine on 238; Bābur and 236-8.

Merv, Marv (Khurāsān), comings and goings from and to 135-7, 296, 301, *357, 623; chiefs of 261, 244; ‘Alī-sher winters in 287; Bābur’s sister in 18, *352; Shaibānī defeated and killed near 318, *350; ‘Ubaid and 534, 618, 622.

Mewāt, Mīwāt (Rājpūtāna), revenue of 521; hills of 486; account of 577-8-9; holders of 523, 551; Bābur orders a raid on 551; Kānwa casualties on the road to 577; Bābur at 578.

Mīān-dū-āb, “Doab” (between Ganges and Jumna), revenue of 521; archers of 526-8, 551-7; a pargana bestowed in 539; ‘Ālam Khān goes to 457; Ibrāhīm advances into 467; Bābur puts down a rebel in 576.

Mīān-kāl, Miyān-kāl (Samarkand), returns to Bābur 135; Aūzbegs in 622.

Mīān-kalāī (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur in 373; ? a dū-āb 373 n. 6.

Mīān-wilāyat, Miyān-wilāyat (U.P. India), revenue of 521.

Mīch-grām (Kābul), a tribe in 413; Bābur at 414.

Mīl (Kāfiristān), position of 210.

Milwat, Malot (Panj-āb), prisoners sent to 461.

Milwat, Malot (U.P. India), Bābur’s capture of 457-8, 461.

Minār-hill (Kābul), Bābur crosses 314.

Mīr Ghiyaṣ-langar (Khurāsān), Bābur at 307-8.

Mīrzā-rabāt̤, (Farghāna), w. wind over 9 n. 2, *183.

Misr, Egypt, compared with a Samarkand tūmān 84; *Napoleon’s task in 356.

Mīta-kacha (Kohistān, Kābul), described 214.

Mughūlistān, mountains of 222; game in 325; Aspara in 20; Yūnas Khān in 12; a Mughūl tūmān enters 20; *Mughūls forced to go far from 351; a dweller in 114; Bābur thinks of going to 158, *184.

Muḥammad Āghā’s village (Kābul), Bābur at 405.

Muḥammad Chap’s Bridge (Samarkand), 72.

Muḥammad-fajj (N.W.F.P. India), meaning of the name 229 n. 5; Bābur at 231.

Multā-kundī (Kābul), defined 211.

Multān (Panj-āb), the Five-rivers meet near 485; a dependency of 237; fowlers migrated from 225; Abā-bikr at 260; Daulat Khān and 441-2; ‘Askarī recalled from *603, 605; Kāmrān and 645, 699.

Mungīr (Bengal), Bābur’s envoy to 676.

Munīr (Bihār, India), Bābur at 666-7, 670.

Munūghul-tāgh (Farghāna), variants in name of 8 n. 5; mines and malarial influence of 8; surmised action on wind of (here Mogol-tau) 9 n. 2; (see Abū’l-ghāzī, Désmaisons p. 12).

Muqur (Afghānistān), Bābur at 345.

Mūra-pass (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), 58 n. 1; Bābur crosses 129 (not named).

Murgh-āb river and fort (Khurāsān), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 191, 260; Bābur on 285, 297-9, 300; Shaibānī at 327.

Murghān-koh (Qandahār), position of 332 n. 4; Bābur at 336.

Mūrī and Adūsa, Bāburpūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 644.

Muttra (U.P. India), see Mahāwīn.

Naghr or Naghz (Kābul), a s. limit of Kābul 200; position of 206, 231-3.

Nagūr, Nagor (Rājpūtāna), revenue of 521.

Nakhshab (Samarkand), see Qarshī.

Namangān (Farghāna), new canal of App. A, ii, n. 1; Bābur near 117.

Nānāpūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 657.

Nānī (Ghaznī), Bābur at 240; old Nānī plundered 254. Napoleon’s* task in Egypt compared 356.

Nardak* (U.P. India), a hunting-ground 701.

Nārīn (n. of Hindū-kush), a fugitive through 321.

Nārīn-river (n. arm of Saiḥūn), 88 n. 2, App. A, ii.

Nārnūl (U.P. India), an assignment on 677.

Nasūkh (Farghāna), Bābur at 92.

Natḥpūr or Fatḥpūr (U.P. India), Bābur near 680-1.

Naugrām (U.P. India), Bābur meets his sister at 689 n. 3.

Nijr-aū tūmān (Kābul), described 213; mountains of 222; products of 203, 213; boiled wine in 213; a dependency of 220; locates Ālā-sāī 220; Bābur in 253, 420-1, his frontier-post of 213 n. 2.

Nīl-āb (Indus), various instances of the name 206 n. 3; a tribal limit 378, 387; routes to Kābul from 206; old Nīl-āb located 392; comings and goings from and to 250, 265, 399, 419, 422, 647, 659; given to Humāyūn 391; Bābur at 392, counts his army at 451.

Nile (The),* used as an illustration 9 n. 2; Alexander takes the Indus for 206 n. 3.

Nīng-nahār tūmān (Kābul) described 207-9; its book-name Nagarahār 207; meaning of the name 208, App. E; not included in the Lamghānāt 210; a dependency of 213; waters of 209, App. E; wintering tribes 242; a bird of 493; division of hot and cold climates n 229; Bāgh-i-wafā laid out in 208; holders of 227, 317, 344, 421; an arrival from 345; Bābur at 342.

Nīrah-tū or Tīrah-tū, Kalīūn (Herī), Shaibānī’s family in 343.

Nirhun (Bihār, India), Bābur at 674.

Nirkh-pass, Takht-pass (Kābul), Bābur crosses 228.

Nīshāpūr (Khurāsān), mentioned as on a route 622 n. 3.

Nīshīn-meadow (Herī), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 95, 261.

Nū-kīnt (Farghāna), locates an enemy 116; threatened 170.

Nulibā (U.P. India), Bābur at 657.

Nūndāk, Ḥ.S. Nawāndāk (Chaghānīān q.v.), located 471; Barlās family of 51 (where “Badakhshān” is wrong); Bābur near 129; Aūzbegs retire to 471.

Nūr-gal (Kābul), described 211; meaning of its name, App. F, xxiii; holders of 227, 334; Bābur at 343, 423.

Nūr-lām (Kābul), see App. F, xxiii.

Nūr-valley (Kābul), see Dara-i-nūr.

Nūsh-āb (Farghāna), Bābur near 114.

Otrār (W. Turkistān), see Aūtrār.

Oude, Oudh, Aūd, Adjodhya (U.P. India), revenue of 521; river-crossings to 669; locates places 601-2, 679 n. 2; army of 684-5; a bird of 495; appointment to 544; ? Bābur at 680 and n. 2; his Mosque in App. U.

Paklī, Pakhlī (Panj-āb), formerly part of Kashmīr 484.

Palghar (Samarkand), limit of Samarkand on upper Zar-afshān 152.

Pamghān range and village, Paghmān (Kābul), described 215-6; village destroyed by earthquake 247; Shāh Begīm’s 318; *snows seen from Bābur’s burial-garden 710.

Pāmīr routes, *spring re-opening of 695.

Pānī-mālī or -mānī (N.W.F.P. India), the road to 376.

Pānīpat (Panj-āb), battles at 472 n. 1;

Bābur’s victory at 457, 469, 470-1-2, 534.

Panj-āb (India), of the name App. E, xx; *Bābur’s power in 426, 430; *Daulat Khān’s strength in 412, 443; Bābur’s journey to (937 AH.), 604 n. 1, *698.

Panj-dih, Pand-dih (Khurāsān), Aūzbeg raiders beaten at 296.

Panjhīr, Panj-sher tūmān (Kābul), described 214; pass-roads of 195-6, 205; highway-men of 214; river of 407; a dārogha in 250.

Panj-kūra (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 373-4.

Pāp (Farghāna), holds fast for Bābur 91, 101; affairs in 171-4-6 n. 3.

Pārandī-pass (Hindū-kush), described 205; height of 204 n. 4.

Parashāwar, Peshāwar (N.W.F.P. India), a limit of Kābul 200; beauty of flowers near 393; rhinoceros of 490; partridges in 496; Bigrām near 230 n. 2; Bābur and 382, 393, 410-2.

Parhāla (Panj-āb), a Kakar stronghold 387-9; described and taken by Bābur 396-7.

Parsarū-river (U.P. India), Bābur on 682-3.

Parsrūr, Parsarūr (Panj-āb), an assignment on 684; Bābur at 458; G. of India form of name Pasrūr 684 n. 1.

Pārwān (Kohistān, Kābul), described 214-5; wind of 201, 224; road and pass of 205; fishing in 226, 406; wines and flowers of 215.

Pashāghar (Samarkand), described 97; a native of 188; Bābur at 97-8, 148.

Pātakh-i-āb-i-shakna (Kābul), meaning of the name 403 n. 2; Bābur at 403.

Pawat-pass (Mehtar Sulaimān range), Bābur crosses 238.

Pehlūr, Phillaur (Panj-āb), Bābur at 458.

Pesh-grām (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 373.

Pīāg, Allāhābād (U.P. India), Bābur at 654-5; incident of his march from 657.

Pīchghān (Kābul), bird-catching in 220; punitive attack on 253.

Pīch-i-Kāfiristān (n. of Kābul country), wines of 212; hostile to Bābur 212.

Pīr Kānū, see Sakhī-sarwār.

Pul-i-chirāgh, Bīl-i-chirāgh (Balkh-Herāt road), located 69; a victory at 69, 260.

Pul-i-sālār (Herāt), 329-30.

Pul-i-sangīn (Ḥiṣār-shadmān), *Tīmūr’s and Bābur’s victories at 353-4.

Pushta-i-‘aīsh (Farghāna), forces near 106, 165.

Qabā (Farghāna), swamp of 31; invaded 30; Bābur at 123, 162.

Qa‘bādīān (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur at 188; taken for him 640.

Qabil’s tomb, i.e. Cain’s (Kābul), Bābur at 415.

Qāīn (Khurāsān), held by a Bāī-qarā 296, 301.

Qaiṣār (s.w. of Maïmènè, see Fr. map), Bābur at 296.

Qalāt-i-ghilzāī (Qandahār), Bābur takes 248-9, 339; road south from 333; a governor of 340; fugitives join Bābur near 331; Hindūstān traders at 331.

Qalāt-i-nādirī (n. of Mashhad, Khurāsān), birthplace of Nādir Shāh 263 n. 4, 329 n. 4; Bāī-qarā holders of 263, 329.

Qanauj (U.P. India), revenue of 521; appointments in 265, 582; hostile both to Ibrāhīm and to Bābur 523-9; military occurrences at 530, 557, 582-9, 594-8.

Qandahār (Afghānistān), sometimes reckoned as part of Ghaznī 217; a s. limit of Khurāsān 261; irrigation-waters of 332-6; heat of compared 520; Kābul trade with 202; routes to 206, 308; —governors in 264, 274; Arghūns in 71, 227, 326, 336, 429; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s failure at 94; —Bābur’s campaigns against 220, 246-8, 330-9, *365, *426-28-36-39; unremunerative to him 480; his rock-residence (Chihil-zīna) near 333-5, App. J; Shaibānī’s siege of 21, 331-9, 340-3; Nāṣir in 338; Kāmrān in 583, *694-9, *706; —Khwānd-amīr leaves 605; a rapid journey to 621, *705; Lord Roberts on his first view of 333 n. 1; ruins of in 1879 AD. 430.

Qarā-bāgh (Kābul), Bābur at 196; ? a rebel of 687.

Qarā-bāgh-meadow (Qandahār), flood-waters of 240; spoils shared out at 339; ? a rebel of 687.

Qarā-būgh (Samarkand), Bābur at 147.

Qarā-būlāq (Samarkand), Bābur at 66-7; a punishment at 66, 153.

Qarā-daryā (s. arm of Saiḥūn), now supplies Andijān 3 n. 6; 88 n. 2; App. A, ii.

Qarā-kūl (Samarkand), mentioned 84; irrigation of 76-7; a governor of 40; lost and regained by Aūzbegs 135-7.

Qarā-kūpa pass, ? Malakand (N.W.F.P. India), Bābur on 376.

Qarā-nakarīq ? (Kābul), a route through 209.

Qārlūq wilāyat (Panj-āb), a governor of 403.

Qarshī, Nashaf, Nakhshāb (Samarkand), described 84; Tarkhāns in 62, 88, 135 (here ? Kesh, p. 135); Aūzbegs and 135, *353-4; Bābur’s wish to spare and Najm S̤ānī’s massacre 359-60, 361.

Qarā-rabāt̤ (n. of Herāt), Bāī-qarā defeat at 327.

Qarā-sū, Siyāh-āb (Kābul), Bābur fords 396; (N.W.F.P. India), he crosses 450; (s. arm of Zar-afshān, Samarkand) 78; course of 82; a meadow on 81; known as Āb-i-raḥmat 78.

Qarā-tīgīn (n. of Ḥiṣār-shādmān), passers through 58, 112, *349; Bābur plans to go through to Kāshghar 129; *his Mughūl assailants retire to 362.

Qarā-tū (Kābul), located 208-9; Bābur at 395, 409, 425.

Qarghā-yīlāq (Kābul), low hills of 320.

Qīāq-tū (Ghaznī ?), Bābur at 323.

Qībchāq road and pass (Hindū-kush), described 205; Bābur on 197.

Qīlaghū (Kābul), Bābur at 413.

Qīrīq-arīq (Kābul), Bābur at 410, 448.

Qila‘-i-Ikhtiyāru’d-dīn, Ālā-qūrghān (Herāt), Bābur rumoured captive in 313; Bāī-qarā families abandoned in 327.

Qila‘-i-z̤afar, Shāf-tiwār (Badakhshān), former name Shāf-tiwār 242; sends an envoy to Bābur 618; a rapid journey from 621; offered to Mīrzā Khān 21, *349; a Chaghatāī fugitive through 349; opposes the Aūzbegs 242; —Humāyūn’s departures from (932 AH.) 545, *(935 AH.) 694-5; *Hind-āl in charge 696-7; *beleaguered by Sa‘īd 697; *made over to Sulaimān 699.

Qīzīl-sū, Surkh-āb, q.v. (n. of Hindū-kush), locates a road 205; a fugitive on 321; Bābur near 192-3.

Quhlugha, Quhqa (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), see Dar-band-i-ahanīn.

Qulba meadow (Samarkand), described 80, 82; a murder in 128; Bābur in 72, 141.

Qūndūz (Badakhshān), n. limit of Kābul 200; pass-roads 204-5; head-waters of 216; tribes of 228, 402; Mughūls of 345, 361; a ruler in 47; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 48, 50-7, 61, 94, 191, 260, 275; Khusrau Shāh and 57, 60, 70-4, 93, 110, 141, 196, 244; Shaibānī and 192, 242-4; goings to 270, 546; Bābur and 51, 318, *352-3, *362-3, *427-80; letters of victory sent to 371; his sister sent to 18, *352.

Qurgha-tū (Kābul), a route through 376.

Qurūq-sāī (Kābul), located by context 208-9, 341, 395; Bābur at 341, 395, 414.

Qūsh-khāna (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), an encounter at 71.

Qūsh-khāna meadow (Qandahār), Bābur in 338.

Qūsh-guṃbaẕ (Kābul), Bābur at 229, 241, 447.

Qūsh-nādir or nāwar (Kābul), Bābur at 247, 417.

Qūtlūq-qadam’s tomb and bridge (Kābul), position of 208; Bābur at 198, 395.

Rabāt̤-i-duzd or -dūdur (n. of Herāt), a Bāī-qarā defeat at 263.

Rabāt̤-i-khwāja (Samarkand), head-quarters of Shavdār 97; Bābur’s men in 73; Bābur in 97, 130-1, 127-8.

Rabāt̤-i-sarhang (Farghāna), Taṃbal in 108, 110.

Rabāt̤-i-Soghd (Samarkand), a battle near 111.

Rabāt̤-i-surkh (Kābul), Bābur at 341.

Rabāt̤-i-zauraq or -rūzaq (Farghāna), Bābur at 165, 396.

Rabāt̤ik-aūrchīn (Farghāna), see Aīkī-sū-ārā.

Rādagān (n.w. of Mashhad), T̤ahmāsp at 622; name and location of 622 nn. 4, 5, 623 nn. 4, 7.

Rāgh (Badakhshān), uprisings in 242, 321.

Rahap river, ? Raptī (India), course of 485.

Rāīsīng (C. India), Bābur’s intention against 598.

Rant(h)ambūr (Rājpūtāna), revenue of 521; hills of 486; Sangā’s 483.

Rāprī (U.P. India), a pargana of 644; a dependency of 686; military vicissitudes at 523-30-57-81-82-98; Bābur at 643.

Rashdān (Farghāna), birthplace of the author of the Hidāyat 7, 76.

Rāvī river (Panj-āb) 458; source of 485.

Rechna dū-āb (Panj-āb), *Bābur in 429.

Rivers of Hindūstān 485.

Rohtās (Panj-āb), a tribal limit 452 n. 5.

Rūm (Turkey-in-Asia), Kābul trade with 202; a medical remedy of 657; Rūmī defence of connected carts 469, 550, 564, 635.

Rūpar (Panj-āb), Bābur at 464.

Rūstā-hazāra, ? a tribe name (Badakhshān), men of join Bābur 196; (Elph. and Ḥai. MSS. Rūstā, Ilminskī, p. 153, Rūstākh; is it Rūstāq infra ?).

Rustam-maidān (Kābul), described 405; Bābur at 405.

Rūstāq (Badakhshān), revolts against Aūzbegs 242; see Rūstā-hazāra supra.

Sabzawār (Khurāsān), a return from 261; on a route 622 n. 3.

Ṣāf-koh (Kābul-Herāt route), Bābur on 295-6.

Safed-koh (Kābul), see Koh-i-safed.

Saighān (Khurāsān; see Fr. map Maïmènè), on the summer-road by Shibr-tū 205; Bābur in 294.

Saiḥūn-daryā, Sīr-darya, Khujand-water (Transoxiana), course of 2, 84 n. 5, App. A, ii; the Khāns and 13, 31, 156, 172; various crossings of 101-16; a proposed limit of lands 118-62; Bābur’s crossings of 151 (on ice), 161, 170-9, *183; his men’s success on 102; his father’s defeat on 16; see Nārīn and Qarā-daryā for constituents of.

Sāī-kal (Kābul), Bābur at 342.

Sairām (n. of Tāshkīnt), locates Yagha 159; holders of 17, 35; name of used as a password 164; *withstands the Aūzbegs 358.

Sajāwand (Kābul), celebrities of 217; Bābur at 241.

Sakān (Farghāna), a ferry near 161.

Sakhan (Ghaznī), ruined dam of 219.

Sakhī-sawār (Dara-i-Ghāzī Khān, India), Pīr Kānū’s tomb at 238; Bābur at 238.

Salt-range (Panj-āb), see Koh-i-jūd.

Sāmāna (Panj-āb), river of 465; fixes a limit 638; an appointment to 528; *a surmised source of historic information 693; *a complaint from to Bābur and punitive results 700.

Samarkand (mod. Asiatic Russia), description of 74-86; names of 74, 75 and n. 4; sub-divisions, see Bukhārā, Karmīna, Kesh, Khozār, Qarā-kūl, Qarshī = Nashaf and Nakhshab, Shāvdār or Shādwār, Soghd; meadows of 67-8, 70-77, 81-2, 128, 131; buildings and constructions in:— (1) Tīmūr’s 77-8 and s.n. Gardens, (2) Aūlūgh Beg’s 78-9, 80, 133, 142-4, (3) others 75-7 nn. 6-8; — Alps of 222; cold in 202-4; a comparison of 216; fruits 8, 510; bullies 7; Aimāqs 221; trade with Kābul 202; name locates places or fixes dates 1, 2, 25, 44-9, 136, 150-1-2, 244, 284, 289; Corps of Braves 28, App. H, xxvii; tūghchīs 28; rulers of 13, 35, 41-6, 52, 65, 74, 90, 111, 121-7, 147, 152, 479, 622; governors of 37, 131; comings and goings to and from 15, 20-2-4, 64, 88, 136-7, 148-9, 256, 300, 402-3; refugees to 46, 51, 58, 95 (plan for), 271; an execution in 51, 196; a raid near 16; ‘Umar Shaikh and 12, 15; Tarkhān revolt in 61-3; besieged for a bride 64; Abū-sa‘īd takes 20-8; Maḥmūd Chaghatāī and 23, 88, 122; — Bābur æt. 5, taken to 35-7; his desire for 97-8, *706; desired by others 64, 111-2; his attempts on 64-6-8, 72-4, 92-3-7, 112-5-9, 131-2, *354; invited to 122-3-4; captures of 18, 35-9, 40, 74, 88, 132-4, 266, 277-9, *355, 471; his surprise capture compared 134-52948; rule in 86-7, 135, 147; leaves it to help Andijān 88-9, 190; defeated at 133-141; besieged in and surrenders 141-7, 168, 24; leaves it 147, 358, 471; — Shaibānī receives it in gift 125; loss and gain of 74, 147, 168; occupation of 125-8, *183, 256, 300, 325-8, 360; — *Ḥaidar Dūghlāt in 357; Merv Mughūls near 357; Humāyūn attempts to recover 625, 639; — envoys from to Bābur 438, 630-1, 642; gifts to 522; Bābur’s 1st Dīwān and the Mūbīn sent to 402, App. Q, viii, *438.

Samnān (Persia), a fruit of 6.

Saṃbhal (U.P. India), revenue of 521; snows seen from 485; hostile to Bābur 523; Bābur’s 528, 547; abandoned by his men 557; Bābur at 586-7; deaths of officers in 675, 683 n. 4, 687; Humāyūn’s fief 697, *700-2.

Sām-sīrak (s. of Tāshkīnt), The Khān’s army counted near 154; hunting near 156; Bābur at 152.

Sān (Balkh territory ?), plundered 94, 295 (p. 94 for “Sān-chīrīk”, read Sān and Chār-yak).

Sanām (C. India), river of 465.

Sang (Farghāna), Bābur at 176, *183.

Sang-i-āīna (Farghāna), described 7.

Sang-i-barīda (Kābul), Bābur passes 407.

Sang-i-lakhshak (Qandahār), Bābur at 333.

Sang-i-sūrākh (Kābul), Bābur passes 228;

and (Dasht-Farmūl road) do. 235.

Sangdakī pass (Panj-āb), Bābur crosses 379, 392.

Sangzār (Samarkand), Bābur and 92, 124, 131; (p. 92, l. 9, read “to Sangzār by way of Yār-yīlāq”).

Sanjī-tāq (Kābul), a pleasure resort 200 n. 6.

Sanjid-dara (Kābul), Bābur at 196, 406.

Sanūr (C. India), torrent of 464.

Sapān (Farghāna), a hostile force at 101.

Saqā (Farghāna), Bābur’s victory near 113.

Sarāī Munda (U.P. India), Bābur at 651.

Sarāī Bāburpūr (U.P. India), see Mūrī and Adusa.

Sarakhs (on the Herī-rūd), Aūzbeg capture of 534.

Saran (Bihār, India), revenue of 521; held by a Farmulī *602, 675; an assignment on 679; locates troops 672 n. 4.

Sarangpūr (C. India), Sangā’s 483; Bābur’s intention against it 598.

Sara-tāq pass (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), described 129; mentioned on routes 40 n. 4, 58, 129; Bābur crosses 129.

Sār-bāgh (Kābul-Balkh route), traitors to Bābur near 546; (see Fr. map Maïmènè).

Sar-i-dih (Ghaznī), dam of 218; Bābur at 240, 323.

Sārīgh-chūpām (Badakhshan), *annexed to Kāshghar 695; *Ḥaidar Dūghlāt at 697.

Sar-i-pul, Bridge-head (Kābul), Bābur at 314; (Samarkand), an army at 65; Bābur defeated at 18, 137-8 to 141, 188.

Sarjū affluent of the Gogrā, q.v. 602 n. 1.

Sarsāwa spring (U.P. India), Bābur at 467.

Sarū-daryā, Gagar, Gogra, Ghogrā (India), two constituent rivers Sīrd (Sarda) and Gagar (or Kakar) 602, 677 n. 2; course of (Gagar) 485; confluence and dū-āb with Gang (Ganges) 665-6-7, 677 n. 2; narrowed below and above the confluence 668 n. 1, 674 nn. 1, 2; rhinoceros and water-hogs of 490, 502; — various crossings of 544, 668, 671-4-5-7, 685; Bābur crosses after his victory on 674-7-9; leaves it 682; Battle of the Gogrā 671-7.

Sārū-qamsh (Khurāsān), an ascribed site of the battle of Jām 635 n. 4.

Sarwār (U.P. India), revenue of 521; Bībān and Bāyazīd sent towards 642; an assignment on 679; 682 n. 1; Bābur at ease about 679.

Sawād (N.W.F.P. India), a limit fixed 400; trees of 222; various products of 492-4, 510-11; brewing in 422; desolate 207; a test of women’s virtue in 211; chiefs of 372-4; Yūsuf-zāī in 410, App. K, xxxvii, an arrival from 399; Bābur and 373-6-7, 411-2.

Sawā-sang (Qandahār), Bābur over-runs 249.

Sawātī, ? an adjective=of Sawād, q.v. kargkhāna and Bābur’s rhino-hunting in 378, 450.

Sayyidpūr ? or Sidhpūr (Panj-āb), Bābur takes 429.

Sehonda, Seondhā (C. India), revenue of 521.

Shāf-tiwār (Badakhshān), see Qila‘-i-z̤afar.

Shāhābād (Panj-āb), Bābur at 466.

Shāh-i-Kābul mountain, Sher-darwāza (Kābul), located 200-1; *Bābur buried on 710.

Shahmang ? (Panj-āb), once part of Kashmīr 484.

Shahr-i-sabz (Samarkand), see Kesh.

Shahr-i-ṣafā (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), a holder of 188; (Qandahār), Bābur at 332-3.

Shāhrukhiya = Fanākat q.v. (Tāshkīnt), a limit of Samarkand 76; names of 2 n. 5, 7 n. 5, 13, 76; holders of 13, 17; various military occurrences at 21-4, 16, 54, 7, 23, 151; Champion’s-portion taken at 53.

Shakdān (Badakhshān), a force at 295.

Shāl = Quetta (Balūchistān), Shāh Beg goes to 337, *427.

Shām, Syria, a Samarkand tūmān compared with 84.

Shamsābād (U.P. India), exchanges of 477, 594-8, 613; an assignment on 677.

Sham-tū (n. of Hindū-kush), on a route 192.

Shāsh (W. Turkistān), see Tāshkīnt.

Shatlut river, ? Sutlej (Panj-āb), Bābur crosses 457.

Shāvdār or Shādwār tūmān (Samarkand), described 84; a fort of 68; head-quarters in 97; a Tarkhān in 122; joins Bābur 125.

Sherkot (Bhīra, Panj-āb), a holder of 382.

Sherūkān ? (Ghaznī?), a fight near 397.

Sherwān (n.e. of Mashhad, Persia), a native of 284; (see Fr. map Maïmènè).

Shibarghān (Khurāsān), besieged 94; defence planned 191; battle near 260.

Shibr-tū pass (Hindū-kush), described 205; height of 204 n. 4; meaning of name 205 n. 2; crossed 242, 321; Bābur crosses 294, 311; (for an omission on p. 205, see Add. Note p. 205).

Shīrāz (Persia), Yūnas Khān in 20; (Samarkand), a Commandant of 130; Bābur near 64-6, 73; raided by Shaibānī 92; 98.

Shīwa (Kābul-river), Bābur at 343.

Sniz (Kābul-Ghaznī road), Bābur near 248.

Shorkach (Ghaznī ?), locates a place 323 n. 3.

Shulut (Kābul), App. F, xxiv.

Shunqār-khāna mountains (n.w. rampart of Zar-afshān valley), Bābur crosses 130.

Shutur-gardan (Samarkand), described 142 n. 1, 143.

Sīālkot (Panj-āb), revenue of 521; officers of 98, *442-3; *attacked 443; Bābur and *429-52-54-58.

Sidhpūr (Panj-āb), see Sayyidpūr.

Sihkāna (Afghānistān), a tribe in 323.

Sihrind, Sahrind, Sirhind (Panj-āb), revenue of 521; names of 383 n. 1; rivers rising n. of 485; fixes a limit 638; fixes a date 457; snows seen from 485; a holder of 383; an assignment on 582; Bābur and *441-64, *693-9, *700-1.

Sikandar’s dam (C.P. India), described 606; Bābur at 585.

Sikandara (U.P. India), Bābur at 587.

Sikandaräbād (U.P. India), Bābur passes 588.

Sikandarpūr (U.P. India), a ferry station of 677; an official of 668; Bābur at 679.

Sikrī (U.P. India), hills of 485; *Bābur keeps Rāmẓān at 351, changes name of 548 n. 2; selects it for his camp (933 AH.) 548; Bābur at 549, 581-5-8, 600, 615-6; revenues of support his tomb *709.

Sind (India), *Shāh Beg and 427-9.

Sind-daryā, Indus, of “Nīl-āb” as a name of 206 n. 3; fords and ferries of 206; tributaries of 216, 485; rhinoceros of 490; limits lands 206 n. 6, 231-3, 380, 392, 484, 525; — *Shāh Beg and 431; — *Bābur’s compulsion to seek territory across 706; Bābur on 230-7-8, 378-92, *452-3; mentions it in verse 525-6.

Singar-water, Sengar (U.P. India), Bābur bathes in 649.

Sinjid-dara (Kābul), Bābur in 196, 406.

Sīr-āb or Sar-i-āb (n. of Hindū-kush), a pass-route to 205; a defeat near 51, 196.

Sīr-auliya (U.P. India), Bābur at 654.

Sīrd, Sīrda, Sarda (U.P. India), a constituent of the Gagar, Gogrā, Ghogrā 602.

Sirhind (Panj-āb), see Sihrind.

Sīrkāī, ? Sirakhs (Khurāsān), Shaibānī near 327.

Sīstān (Khurāsān), a s. limit of Khurāsān 261; plan of defence for 326.

Siwālik-hills, or Sawālak (N. India), Bābur on the name 485.

Sīwī, Sībī (Balūchistān), an official in 238; an incursion into 260;

Sīwīstān, *427.

Siyāh-āb, see Qarā-sū.

Siyāh-koh (Kābul), located (unnamed) 209; various names of 209 n. 3.

Siyāh-sang (Kābul), meadow of 201; *scene of an Afghān massacre, App. K, xxvi.

Soghd tūmān (Samarkand), described 84, 147; Bābur and 64, 135, 147.

Son-water (Bihār, India), an enemy near 658; crossed for Bābur 662; Bābur on 666.

Spīn-ghur (Afghānistān), see Safed-koh.

Sūf-valley (Khurāsān), see Dara-i-ṣūf.

Sūgandpūr (U.P. India), Bābur at 686.

Sūhān-nūrī, or Sūhār-nūrī (Kābul), App. G, xxv.

Sūhān-sū (Panj-āb), a tribe on 380; Bābur on 379, 391.

Sūkh (Farghāna), Bābur’s refuge in 7, 130 n. 1, 176 n. 1, *184-5; gifts to envoys from 633.

Sukhjāna (C.P. India), Bābur near 614.

Sulaimān-range (Afghān border), see Mehtar Sulaimān.

Sult̤ānīa (Persia), cold of 219.

Sult̤ānpūr (Kābul), Bābur at 409-13-47.

Sult̤ānpūr (Panj-āb), founder of 442-61; a return to 457; *taken from Bābur 443.

Sūnkār (Rājpūtāna), Bābur at 581.

Sūrkh-āb (n. of Hindū-kūsh), see Qīzīl-sū.

Surkh-āb, Qizil-sū (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Bābur’s victory on 352-3.

Surkh-āb and rūd, Qīzīl-sū (Kābul), 207 n. 5;

Bāgh-i-wafā on 208, Adīnapūr-fort on 209; wild-ass near 224; Bābur crosses 395; ruins near App. E, xvii.

Surkh-rabāt̤ (Kābul), see Rabāt̤-i-surkh.

Sūsān-village (Kābul), Bābur at 422.

Sutluj and Shutlūt (sic Ḥai. MS.), Sutlej-river (Panj-āb), limits lands 383; course of 485; crossed 457; Trans-Sutluj revenues 521.

Syria, see Shām.

Tabrīz (Persia), cold of 204-19; Yūnas Khān in 20.

Tag-aū (Kābul), see Badr-aū.

Tahangar (Rājpūtāna), hostile to Bābur 538.

Takāna (? Khurāsān), a fight at 260.

“Takhta Qarachi” (Samarkand), 83 n. 2; see Aītmāk-dābān.

Takht-i-sulaimān (Farghāna) 5 n. 2.

T̤āliqān, T̤āīkhān (Oxus), a Bāī-qarā at 60; Mughūls from 192.

Tal Ratoi (Nathpūr, U.P. India), 681 n. 1.

Tang-āb (Farghāna), Bābur at 100; located 99 n. 4.

Tang-i-wāghchān pass (Kābul), see Gīrdīz.

Tank, Tāq (N.W.F. Province), see Dasht.

T̤arāz or T̤arar (E. Turkistān), see Yāngī.

Tarnak river (Qandahār), see Turnūk.

Tarshīz (Khurāsān), Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s victory at 259 and n. 5 (where read p. 524).

Tāshkīnt, Tāshkend (Russia-in-Asia), of its names 2 n. 5, 7 and n. 5, *184; its book-names Shāsh and Chāch 13, 76; ravines of App. A, ii; holders of 32-5, 115, 154, 161; a rebel at 36; Khalīfa sent to 90; name of used as a pass-word 164; Shaibānī’s capture of (908 AH.) 23-4, *184; holds out for Bābur (918 AH.) 356-8, 396; its Aūzbeg Sult̤āns at Jām 622.

Tāsh-rabāt̤ (n. of Herī), Bābur at 301.

Tatta (Sind, India), course of the Indus through 485; playing cards sent to 584.

Tāzī var. Yārī (Ghaznī-Qalāt road), Bābur at 248.

Tibet, Bābur locates 485.

Tijāra (Rājpūtāna), a chief town in Mīwāt 578; given to Chīn-tīmūr 578-9, 688.

Tīka-sīkrītkū, Goat-leap (Farghāna), ‘Umar Shaikh defeated at 16.

Tīl, Thāl (Kohāt, N.W.F.P. India), Bābur at 232.

Tīimūr Beg’s Langar (Kābul), Bābur at 313.

Tīpa (Kābul), assigned for a camp 199; earthquake damage in 247; an exit from 254.

Tirāk-pass (Farghāna), 15 n. 5.

Tirhut (Bihār, India), revenue of 521.

Tīrmīẕ (Ḥiṣār-shādmān territory), a s. limit of Samarkand 76, Begīms of 37, 47-8; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā and 5, 191; a governor of 74; Bāqī Chaghānīānī’s 188, 249; a sayyid of *704-5; Najm S̤ānī at 359; entered for Bābur 640.

Tīr-mūhānī (Bihār, India), mentioned 679, 675 n. 1, 687 and n. 2; the Ḥabību’s-siyar finished at 687 n. 2.

Tīzīn-dara (Kābul), 208 n. 4.

Tochī-valley (N.W.F.P. India), ? to be traversed by Bābur 231.

Toda-bhīm (Rājpūtāna), Bābur at 581; Sangā at 545 (where “Āgra district” is wrong).

Tons-river, Tūs-sū (U.P. India), Bābur on 656, 683.

Tramontana (between the Oxus and Hindū-kush), army of 447; *706.

Tūghlūqābād (Dihlī), Bābur at 476.

T̤ūl-pass and road (Hindū-kush), account of 205; height of 204 n. 4.

Tūn (Khurāsān), a Bāī-qarā holder of 296, 301.

Tūp (Kābul-Herāt road), Bābur at 295.

Tūqūz-aūlūm (Oxus), a defence question 191.

T̤urfān (Chinese Turkistān), Bābur plans going to 158.

Turkistān, course of the Saiḥūn in 2-3; trade with Kābul 202; gold-cloth of 641 n. 5; Shaibānī and 65 n. 3, 73-4, 135; his vow in Ḥaẓrat Turkistān 356; *‘Ubaid in 354.

Turnūk, Tarnak (Qandahār), 332 n. 3; a holder of 340.

Tūs-sū (U.P. India), see Tons.

T̤ūs (‘Irāq), an astronomer of 79; Shaibānī attacks 534.

Tūta (U.P. India), Begims from Kābul pass 616.

Tūtlūq-yūl, Mulberry-road (Farghāna), Bābur on 165.

Tūtūn-dara (Kābul), water taken from 647.

Udyānapūra (Kābul), App. E, xxi; see Adīnapūr.

Ujjain (Mālwa, C. India), an observatory in 79.

‘Umān-sea, receives the Indus 485.

‘Umarābād (Khurāsān), an ascribed site of the battle of Jām 635 n. 4.

Ūnjū-tūpā (Farghāna), see Aūnjū-tūpā.

‘Uqābain (Kābul), site of the Bālā-ḥiṣār 201.

Ūrgenj (Khwārizm), see Aūrgānj.

Ūrghūn (Kābul), see Aūrghūn.

Urūs-sū (W. Turkistān), see Arūs.

Ūsh (Farghāna), see Aūsh.

Ushtur-shahr (Kābul), Bābur in 195, 294, 314.

‘Ut̤rār, Otrār, Aūt̤rār (W. Turkistān), see Yāngī.

Varsak (Badakhshān), position of 523 n. 1, Bābur’s gifts to 523.

Vierney, Vernoe (E. Turkistān), position on site of old Ālmātū 2 n. 1.

Wakhsh (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), Aūzbegs at 352, 362.

Walīān pass (Hindū-kush), account of 205; height of 204 n. 4.

Warūkh (Farghāna), account of 7.

Wasmand fort (Samarkand), Bābur at 132.

Wazr-āb (Ḥiṣār-shādmān), 58 n. 1.

Yada-bīr (Kābul), Bābūr at 394, 411, 448.

Yaftal (Badakhshān), a force at 321.

Yagha or Yaghma (n. of Tāshkīnt), tombs at 139; Bābur at 139.

Yāī (Khurāsān), tribes in 255.

Yaka-aulang (w. of Bāmīān, see Fr. map Maïmènè), Jahāngīr goes to 294; passes from Herī-rūd valley to 310 n. 2; Bābur in 311.

Yak-langa (Kābul), Bābur crosses 445.

Yām (Samarkand), Bābur at 67; 84 n. 3.

Yān-bulāgh (Kābul), Bābur on road of 425.

Yāngī-ḥiṣār (Kāshghar), *a death-bed repentance at 362.

Yāngī = Tarāz (E. Turkistān), depopulated 2; book-name of 2 and n. 1; an army at 20.

Yāngī = Ūt̤rar, Otrar (W. Turkistān), a mistaken entry of in some MSS. 2 n. 1.

Yāngī-yūl pass (Hindū-kush), described 205.

Yārī (Ghaznī-Qalāt road), see Tazī.

Yārī (Zar-afshān), Bābur crosses the bridge to 130.

Yārkand (E. Turkistān), *696.

Yār-yīlāq (Samarkand), Tīmūr’s “head” of Soghd 84; fights near 35, 122; villages of 97-8; submits to Bābur 98; Bābur in 64, 92, 125, 130-1.

Yasān (Farghāna), see Khasbān.

Yāsī-kījīt (Farghāna), Bābur’s men defeated at 27, 105.

Yīlān-aūtī or Yīlān-aūt (Samarkand), Bābur at 147.

Yīlān-chaq (n. of Hindū-kush), a tribe of 196.

Yītī-kīnt (Farghāna), mandrake in 11; of its position 11 n. 6; Yūnas Khān’s headquarters 20 n. 5.

Zābul, Zābulistān, a name of Ghaznī q.v.

Ẓaḥāq fort, “Zohak” (s. of Bāmīān), Bābur at 294; (see Fr. map Maïmènè).

Zamānia (U.P. India), see Madan-Banaras.

Zamīn (Samarkand), locates places 34, 64; Bābur at 97.

Zamīn-dāwar (Qandahār), Arghūn chiefs in 71, 337-9;

Zū’n-nūn’s 274; taken by Bābur 27; plan to defend 326.

Zar-afshān river, Kohik-sū q.v. (Samarkand), described 76 and nn. 4, 5; Macha village on 149 n. 4; Bābur crosses 67, 130; *Najm S̤ānī crosses 360.

Zardak-chūl (w. of Balkh), over-run 94.

Zarqān or Zabarqān (Farghāna), Bābur at 161.

Zindān valley (Kābul-Balkh road), see Dara-i-zindān.

Zirrīn-pass (between Herī-rūd valley and Yaka-aūlāng), Bābur misses it 309-10.

Zurmut tūmān (Kābul), described 220; floods in 240; Gīrdīz head-quarters in 220.