Introductory material (continued 44)

election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH elected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 59.5%, John KAREFA-SMART (UNPP) 40.5%

Singapore: chief of state: President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990) and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held NA August 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results: Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president unopposed

Slovakia: chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections: president elected by direct popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president

election results: Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election; percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57%

note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP, KDH

Slovenia: chief of state: President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990)

head of government: Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 15 October 2000);

cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 November 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly; election last held 15 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)

election results: Milan KUCAN elected president; percent of vote - Milan KUCAN 56.3%, Janez PODOBNIK 18%; Janez DRNOVSEK elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - NA

Solomon Islands: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Father John LAPLI (since NA 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE (since 1 July 2000); Assistant Prime Minister Nathaniel WAENA (since 1 July 2000); Deputy Prime Minister Allan KEMAKEZA (since 1 July 2000); note - Prime Minister Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU was forced to resign his position in June 2000 following the armed takeover of the capital by elements supporting the opposition parties; Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE, who had been opposition leader, was then elected prime minister at a sitting of National Parliament on 30 June 2000

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of Parliament for up to five years; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament

Somalia: chief of state: ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan (since 26 August 2000); note - Interim President ABDIKASSIM was chosen for a three-year term by a 245-member National Assembly serving as a transitional government; the present political situation is still unstable, particularly in the south, with interclan fighting and random banditry

head of government: ALI Khalifa Galaydh, appointed by the president 8 October 2000

cabinet: appointed by the prime minister and sworn in on 20 October 2000

election results: ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan was elected president of an interim government at the Djibouti-sponsored Arta Peace Conference on 26 August 2000 by a broad representation of Somali clans that comprised a transitional National Assembly.

South Africa: chief of state: President Thabo MBEKI (since 16 June 1999); Executive Deputy President Jacob ZUMA (since 17 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Thabo MBEKI (since 16 June 1999); Executive Deputy President Jacob ZUMA (since 17 June 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 2 June 1999 (next scheduled for sometime between May and July 2004)

election results: Thabo MBEKI elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100% (by acclamation)

note: ANC-IFP governing coalition

Spain: chief of state: King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975); Heir Apparent Prince FELIPE, son of the monarch, born 30 January 1968

head of government: President of the Government Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (since 5 May 1996); First Vice President Juan Jose LUCAS (since 28 February 2000) and Second Vice President (and Minister of Economy) Rodrigo RATO Figaredo (since 5 May 1996)

cabinet: Council of Ministers designated by the president

note: there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government

elections: the monarch is hereditary; president proposed by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly following legislative elections; election last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); vice presidents appointed by the monarch on proposal of the president

election results: Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez (PP) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 44%

Sri Lanka: chief of state: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Ratnasiri WICKRAMANAYAKE (since 10 August 2000) is the prime minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered to be both the chief of state and the head of the government, this is in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist

head of government: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Ratnasiri WICKRAMANAYAKE (since 10 August 2000) is the prime minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered to be both the chief of state and the head of the government, this is in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 21 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2005)

election results: Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA reelected president; percent of vote - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (PA) 51%, Ranil WICKREMASINGHE (UNP) 42%, other 7%

Sudan: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates BASHIR's cabinet

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results: Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates received less than a combined 4% of the vote

note: BASHIR assumed supreme executive power in 1989 and retained it through several transitional governments in the early and mid-90s before being popularly elected for the first time in March 1996

Suriname: chief of state: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (since 12 August 2000); Vice President Jules Rattankoemar AJODHIA (since 12 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly or, if no presidential or vice presidential candidate receives a constitutional majority vote in the National Assembly after two votes, by the larger People's Assembly (869 representatives from the national, local, and regional councils), for five-year terms; election last held 6 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)

note: widespread demonstrations during the summer of 1999 led to the calling of elections a year early

election results: Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN elected president; percent of legislative vote - 72.5; National Assembly elected the president - Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN (New Front) 37 votes, Rashied DOEKHIE (NDP) 10 votes

Svalbard: chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)

head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA)

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice

Swaziland: chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)

head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996)

cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch

Sweden: chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)

head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

elections: the monarch is hereditary; prime minister elected by the Parliament; election last held NA September 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes

Switzerland: chief of state: President Moritz LEUENBERGER (since 1 January 2001); Vice President Kaspar VILLIGER (since 1 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Moritz LEUENBERGER (since 1 January 2001); Vice President Kaspar VILLIGER (since 1 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) elected by the Federal Assembly from among its own members for a four-year term

elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for one-year terms that run concurrently; election last held 6 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results: Moritz LEUENBERGER elected president; percent of Federal Assembly vote - 76%; Kaspar VILLIGER elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 72%

Syria: chief of state: President Bashar al-ASAD (since 17 July 2000); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM (since 11 March 1984) and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984)

head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Mustafa MIRU (since 13 March 2000), Deputy Prime Ministers Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since 11 March 1984), Khalid RA'D (since 13 March 2000), Muhammad NAJI 'UTRI (since 13 March 2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; referendum/election last held 10 July 2000 - after the death of President Hafez al-ASAD, father of Bashar al-ASAD - (next to be held NA 2007); vice presidents appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results: Bashar al-ASAD elected president; percent of vote - Bashar al-ASAD 97.29%

note: Hafiz al-ASAD died 10 June 2000; 20 June 2000 the Ba'th Party nominated Bashar al-ASAD for president and presented his name to the People's Council 25 June 2000

Tajikistan: chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%

Tanzania: chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000

cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%

Thailand: chief of state: King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946)

head of government: Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat (since NA January 2001)

cabinet: Council of Ministers

note: there is also a Privy Council

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following a national election for the House of Representatives, the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition usually becomes prime minister

Togo: chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

head of government: Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%

Tokelau: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT (since NA March 1993)

head of government: Aliki Faipule FALIMATEAO (since NA 1997)

cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders, one from each atoll; functions as a cabinet

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term

Tonga: chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)

head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch

note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch

Trinidad and Tobago: chief of state: President Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON (since 19 March 1997)

head of government: Prime Minister Basdeo PANDAY (since 9 November 1995)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament

elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005); prime minister appointed from among the members of Parliament; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is usually appointed prime minister

election results: Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 69%

Tunisia: chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100%

Turkey: chief of state: President Ahmed Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000)

head of government: Prime Minister Bulent ECEVIT (since 11 January 1999)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister

note: there is also a National Security Council that serves as an advisory body to the president and the cabinet

elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year term; election last held 5 May 2000 (next scheduled to be held NA May 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president on the third ballot; percent of National Assembly vote - 60%

note: president must have a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly on the first two ballots and a simple majority on the third ballot

Turkmenistan: chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

note: NIYAZOV's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 by the Assembly (Majlis) during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty)

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1992 (next scheduled to be held NA); note - President NIYAZOV was unanimously approved as president for life by the Assembly on 28 December 1999); deputy chairmen of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president

election results: Saparmurat NIYAZOV elected president without opposition; percent of vote - Saparmurat NIYAZOV 99.5%

Turks and Caicos Islands: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Mervyn JONES (since 27 January 2000)

head of government: Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995)

cabinet: Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor

Tuvalu: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA (since 26 June 1998)

head of government: Acting Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU (since 8 December 2000); note - TUILIMU took over after Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA died suddenly of a heart attack on 8 December 2000

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 27 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: results of the last election for prime minister - Ionatana IONATANA elected prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU elected deputy prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA%; note - Deputy Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU became acting prime minister following the death of Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA on 8 December 2000

Uganda: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators

elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8%

Ukraine: chief of state: President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994)

head of government: Prime Minister Anatoliy KINAKH (since 29 May 2001), First Deputy Prime Minister Oleh DUBYNA (since 29 May 2001)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council

note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council, but significantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president; a Presidential Administration that helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president; and a Council of Regions that serves as an advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994 that includes chairmen of the Kyyiv (Kiev) and Sevastopol' municipalities and chairmen of the oblasti

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 31 October and 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council

election results: Leonid D. KUCHMA elected president; percent of vote - Leonid KUCHMA 57.7%, Petro SYMONENKO 38.8%

United Arab Emirates: chief of state: President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 6 August 1966) and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai)

head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) which is composed of the seven emirate rulers; the council is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation, Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power; meets four times a year

elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC (a group of seven electors) for five-year terms; election last held NA October 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president

election results: ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan reelected president; percent of FSC vote - NA, but believed to be unanimous; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum elected vice president; percent of FSC vote - NA%, but believed to be unanimous

United Kingdom: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948)

head of government: Prime Minister Anthony C. L. (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 May 1997)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons (assuming there is no majority party, a prime minister would have a majority coalition or at least a coalition that was not rejected by the majority)

United States: chief of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: George W. BUSH elected president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH (Republican Party) 48%, Albert A. GORE, Jr. (Democratic Party) 48%, Ralph NADER (Green Party) 3%, other 1%

Uruguay: chief of state: President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999 with run-off election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Jorge BATLLE elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%

Uzbekistan: chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)

head of government: Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV (since 21 December 1995)

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held NA January 2005); note - extension of President KARIMOV's original term for an additional five years overwhelmingly approved - 99.6% of total vote in favor - by national referendum held 27 March 1995; prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president

election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz DZHALALOV 4.2%

Vanuatu: chief of state: President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)

head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 16 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR (since 16 April 2001)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament

elections: president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term; election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2003); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 16 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: Father John BANI elected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA%; Edward NATAPEI elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 27 out of 52 votes

note: the government of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister by Parliament

Venezuela: chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Adina BASTIDAS Castillo; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Adina BASTIDAS Castillo; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias elected president; percent of vote - 60%

note: government coalition - Patriotic Pole or Polo Patriotico consists of MVR, MAS, and PPT

Vietnam: chief of state: President Tran Duc LUONG (since 24 September 1997) and Vice President Nguyen Thi BINH (since NA October 1992)

head of government: Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 25 September 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 29 September 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Nguyen Cong TAN (since 29 September 1997), Nguyen Manh CAM (since 29 September 1997), and Pham Gia KHIEM (since 29 September 1997)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the National Assembly

elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 25 September 1997 (next to be held when National Assembly meets following legislative elections in NA 2002); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister

election results: Tran Duc LUONG elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA%

Virgin Islands: chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (Since 20 January 2001)

head of government: Governor Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (since 5 January 1999) and Lieutenant Governor Gererd LUZ James II (since 5 January 1999)

cabinet: NA

elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 3 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2002)

election results: Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL elected governor; percent of vote - Dr. Charles W. TURNBULL (Democrat) 58.9%, former Governor Roy L. SCHNEIDER (ICM) 41.1%

Wallis and Futuna: chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Administrator Christian DORS (since NA)

head of government: President of the Territorial Assembly Soane UHILA (since NA)

cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of three kings and three members appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly

note: there are three traditional kings with limited powers

elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high administrator appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly

Western Sahara: none

Yemen: chief of state: President Field Marshall Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994)

head of government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir BA JAMAL (since 4 April 2001)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term (a new constitution amendment extends the term by two years to a seven-year term); election last held 23 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote: Ali Abdallah SALIH 96.3%, Najeeb Qahtan AL-SHAABI 3.7%

Yugoslavia: chief of state: President Vojislav KOSTUNICA (since 7 October 2000)

head of government: Prime Minister Dragisa PESIC (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Miroljub LABUS (since 25 January 2001)

cabinet: Federal Executive Council

elections: president elected by direct popular vote for up to two, four-year terms; election last held 24 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president

election results: Vojislav KOSTUNICA elected president; percent of vote - Vojislav KOSTUNICA 55%, Slobodan MILOSEVIC 35%

Zambia: chief of state: President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results: Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%

Zimbabwe: chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly

elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice presidents appointed by the president

election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%

Taiwan: chief of state: President CHEN Shui-bien (20 May 2000) and Vice President Annette LU (since 20 May 2000)

head of government: Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) CHANG Chun-hsiung (since NA October 2000) and Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) LAI In-jaw (since NA October 2000)

cabinet: Executive Yuan appointed by the president

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 18 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004); premier appointed by the president; vice premiers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the premier

election results: CHEN Shui-bien elected president; percent of vote - CHEN Shui-bien (DPP) 39.3%, James SOONG (independent) 36.84%, LIEN Chan (KMT) 23.1%, HSU Hsin-liang (independent) 0.63%, LEE Ao (CNP) 0.13%

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@Exports

Afghanistan: $80 million (does not include opium) (1996 est.)

Albania: $310 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Algeria: $19.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

American Samoa: $500 million (1998)

Andorra: $58 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Angola: $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Anguilla: $4.5 million (1998)

Antigua and Barbuda: $38 million (1998)

Argentina: $26.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Armenia: $284 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Aruba: $2.2 billion (including oil reexports) (2000 est.)

Australia: $69 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Austria: $63.2 billion (2000 est.)

Azerbaijan: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Bahamas, The: $376.8 million (2000 est.)

Bahrain: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Bangladesh: $5.9 billion (2000)

Barbados: $260 million (2000 est.)

Belarus: $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Belgium: $181.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Belize: $235.7 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Benin: $396 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Bermuda: $56 million (2000 est.)

Bhutan: $154 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Bolivia: $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: $950 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Botswana: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Brazil: $55.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

British Virgin Islands: $6.2 million (2000 est.)

Brunei: $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Bulgaria: $4.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Burkina Faso: $220 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Burma: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Burundi: $32 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Cambodia: $942 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cameroon: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Canada: $272.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cape Verde: $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cayman Islands: $1.5 million (1998)

Central African Republic: $166 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Chad: $172 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Chile: $18 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

China: $232 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Christmas Island: $NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: $NA

Colombia: $14.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Comoros: $7.9 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: $960 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Congo, Republic of the: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Cook Islands: $3 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Costa Rica: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire: $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Croatia: $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Cuba: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: $51.1 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Czech Republic: $28.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Denmark: $50.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Djibouti: $260 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Dominica: $60.7 million (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Ecuador: $5.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Egypt: $7.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

El Salvador: $2.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Equatorial Guinea: $860 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Eritrea: $26 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Estonia: $3.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Ethiopia: $460 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): $7.6 million (1995)

Faroe Islands: $471 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Fiji: $537 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Finland: $44.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

France: $325 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

French Guiana: $155 million (f.o.b., 1997)

French Polynesia: $205 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Gabon: $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Gambia, The: $125.8 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Gaza Strip: $682 million (f.o.b., 1998 est.) (includes West Bank)

Georgia: $372 million (2000 est.)

Germany: $578 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Ghana: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Gibraltar: $81.1 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Greece: $15.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Greenland: $276 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Grenada: $62.3 million (2000 est.)

Guadeloupe: $140 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Guam: $75.7 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Guatemala: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Guernsey: $NA

Guinea: $820 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Guinea-Bissau: $80 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Guyana: $570 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Haiti: $186 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Honduras: $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Hong Kong: $204 billion (including reexports; f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Hungary: $25.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Iceland: $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

India: $43.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Indonesia: $64.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Iran: $25 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Iraq: $21.8 billion (2000 est.)

Ireland: $73.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Israel: $31.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Italy: $241.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Jamaica: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Japan: $450 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Jersey: $NA

Jordan: $2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kazakhstan: $8.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kenya: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kiribati: $6 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Korea, North: $520 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Korea, South: $172.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Kuwait: $23.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Kyrgyzstan: $482 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Laos: $323 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Latvia: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Lebanon: $700 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Lesotho: $175 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Liberia: $55 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Libya: $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Liechtenstein: $2.47 billion (1996)

Lithuania: $3.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Luxembourg: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Macau: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Madagascar: $538 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Malawi: $416 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Malaysia: $97.9 billion (2000 est.)

Maldives: $88 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Mali: $480 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Malta: $2 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Man, Isle of: $NA

Marshall Islands: $28 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)

Martinique: $250 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Mauritania: $333 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Mauritius: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Mayotte: $3.44 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Mexico: $168 billion (f.o.b., 2000), includes in-bond industries (assembly plant operations)

Micronesia, Federated States of: $73 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)

Moldova: $500 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Monaco: $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia: $454.3 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Montserrat: $1.5 million (1998)

Morocco: $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Mozambique: $390 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Namibia: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Nauru: $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)

Nepal: $485 million (f.o.b., 1998), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India

Netherlands: $210.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Netherlands Antilles: $276 million (f.o.b., 2000)

New Caledonia: $411 million (f.o.b., 1999)

New Zealand: $14.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Nicaragua: $631 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Niger: $385 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Nigeria: $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Niue: $117,500 (f.o.b., 1989)

Norfolk Island: $1.5 million (f.o.b., FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands: $NA

Norway: $59.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Oman: $11.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Pakistan: $8.6 billion (f.o.b., FY99/00)

Palau: $14.3 million (f.o.b., 1996)

Panama: $5.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Paraguay: $3.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Peru: $7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Philippines: $38 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Pitcairn Islands: $NA

Poland: $28.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Portugal: $26.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Puerto Rico: $38.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Qatar: $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Reunion: $214 million (f.o.b., 1997)

Romania: $11.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Russia: $105.1 billion (2000 est.)

Rwanda: $68.4 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Saint Helena: $704,000 (f.o.b., 1995)

Saint Kitts and Nevis: $53.2 million (2000 est.)

Saint Lucia: $68.3 million (2000 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: $12 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: $53.7 million (2000 est.)

Samoa: $17 million (f.o.b., 2000)

San Marino: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe: $3.2 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Saudi Arabia: $81.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Senegal: $959 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Seychelles: $111 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Sierra Leone: $65 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Singapore: $137 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Slovakia: $12 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Slovenia: $8.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Solomon Islands: $165 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Somalia: $186 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

South Africa: $30.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Spain: $120.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Sri Lanka: $5.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Sudan: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Suriname: $443 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Svalbard: $NA

Swaziland: $881 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Sweden: $95.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Switzerland: $91.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Syria: $4.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Tajikistan: $761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Tanzania: $937 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Thailand: $68.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Togo: $336 million (f.o.b., 2000)

Tokelau: $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983)

Tonga: $8 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Trinidad and Tobago: $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Tunisia: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Turkey: $26.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Turkmenistan: $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands: $4.7 million (1993)

Tuvalu: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)

Uganda: $500.1 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Ukraine: $14.6 billion (2000 est.)

United Arab Emirates: $46 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

United Kingdom: $282 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

United States: $776 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Uruguay: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Uzbekistan: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Vanuatu: $25.3 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Venezuela: $32.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

Vietnam: $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Virgin Islands: $NA

Wallis and Futuna: $250,000 (f.o.b., 1999)

West Bank: $682 million (includes Gaza Strip) (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

Western Sahara: $NA

World: $6 trillion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Yemen: $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Yugoslavia: $1.5 billion (1999)

Zambia: $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Zimbabwe: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Taiwan: $148.38 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

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@Exports - commodities

Afghanistan: opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems

Albania: textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco

Algeria: petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%

American Samoa: canned tuna 93%

Andorra: tobacco products, furniture

Angola: crude oil 90%, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Anguilla: lobster, fish, livestock, salt

Antigua and Barbuda: petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%

Argentina: edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles

Armenia: diamonds, scrap metal, machinery and equipment, brandy, copper ore

Aruba: live animals and animal products, art and collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment

Australia: coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment

Austria: machinery and equipment, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles, foodstuffs

Azerbaijan: oil and gas 75%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs

Bahamas, The: pharmaceuticals, cement, rum, crawfish, refined petroleum products

Bahrain: petroleum and petroleum products 61%, aluminum 7%

Bangladesh: garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood

Barbados: sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components, clothing

Belarus: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs

Belgium: machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products

Belize: sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood

Benin: cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa

Bermuda: reexports of pharmaceuticals

Bhutan: cardamom, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity (to India), precious stones, spices

Bolivia: soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood

Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA

Botswana: diamonds 72%, vehicles, copper, nickel, meat (1998)

Brazil: manufactures, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee

British Virgin Islands: rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand

Brunei: crude oil, natural gas, refined products

Bulgaria: clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels

Burkina Faso: cotton, animal products, gold

Burma: apparel 36%, foodstuffs 22%, wood products 21%, precious stones 5% (1999)

Burundi: coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Cambodia: timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish

Cameroon: crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton

Canada: motor vehicles and parts, newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, telecommunications equipment, electricity

Cape Verde: fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides

Cayman Islands: turtle products, manufactured consumer goods

Central African Republic: diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco

Chad: cotton, cattle, textiles

Chile: copper, fish, fruits, paper and pulp, chemicals

China: machinery and equipment; textiles and clothing, footwear, toys and sporting goods; mineral fuels

Christmas Island: phosphate

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: copra

Colombia: petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers

Comoros: vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: diamonds, copper, coffee, cobalt, crude oil

Congo, Republic of the: petroleum 50%, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds

Cook Islands: copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing

Costa Rica: coffee, bananas, sugar; pineapples; textiles, electronic components, medical equipment

Cote d'Ivoire: cocoa 33%, coffee, tropical woods, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton, fish (1999)

Croatia: transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Cuba: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee

Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes; Turkish Cypriot area: citrus, potatoes, textiles

Czech Republic: machinery and transport equipment 44%, other manufactured goods 40%, chemicals 7%, raw materials and fuel 7% (1999)

Denmark: machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills

Djibouti: reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)

Dominica: bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges

Dominican Republic: ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats

Ecuador: petroleum, bananas, shrimp, coffee, cocoa, cut flowers, fish

Egypt: crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals

El Salvador: offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity

Equatorial Guinea: petroleum, timber, cocoa

Eritrea: livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures

Estonia: machinery and equipment 24%, wood products 20%, textiles 17%, food products 9%, metals, chemical products (1999)

Ethiopia: coffee, gold, leather products, oilseeds, qat

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): wool, hides, meat

Faroe Islands: fish and fish products 94%, stamps, ships (1999)

Fiji: sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish

Finland: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp

France: machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages

French Guiana: shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing

French Polynesia: cultured pearls 50%, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat (1997)

Gabon: crude oil 75%, timber, manganese, uranium (1998)

Gambia, The: peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels

Gaza Strip: citrus, flowers

Georgia: citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products; diverse types of machinery and metals; chemicals; fuel reexports; textiles

Germany: machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles

Ghana: gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds

Gibraltar: (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%

Greece: manufactured goods, food and beverages, petroleum products

Greenland: fish and fish products 94%

Grenada: bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace

Guadeloupe: bananas, sugar, rum

Guam: mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products; construction materials, fish, food and beverage products

Guatemala: coffee, sugar, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, meat, apparel, petroleum, electricity

Guernsey: tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables

Guinea: bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products

Guinea-Bissau: cashew nuts 70%, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber (1996)

Guyana: sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber

Haiti: manufactures, coffee, oils, mangoes

Honduras: coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber

Hong Kong: clothing, textiles, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks, toys

Hungary: machinery and equipment 59.5%, other manufactures 29.4%, food products 6.9%, raw materials 2.4%, fuels and electricity 1.8% (2000)

Iceland: fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum, diatomite, ferrosilicon

India: textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures

Indonesia: oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber

Iran: petroleum 85%, carpets, fruits and nuts, iron and steel, chemicals

Iraq: crude oil

Ireland: machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products

Israel: machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel

Italy: engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals

Jamaica: alumina, bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum

Japan: motor vehicles, semiconductors, office machinery, chemicals

Jersey: light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Jordan: phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural products, manufactures

Kazakhstan: oil 40%, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery, chemicals, grain, wool, meat, coal

Kenya: tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, fish, cement

Kiribati: copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish

Korea, North: minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); agricultural and fishery products

Korea, South: electronic products, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, steel, ships; textiles, clothing, footwear; fish

Kuwait: oil and refined products, fertilizers

Kyrgyzstan: cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes

Laos: wood products, garments, electricity, coffee, tin

Latvia: wood and wood products, machinery and equipment, metals, textiles, foodstuffs

Lebanon: foodstuffs and tobacco, textiles, chemicals, precious stones, metal and metal products, electrical equipment and products, jewelry, paper and paper products

Lesotho: manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals (1998)

Liberia: diamonds, iron ore, rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa

Libya: crude oil, refined petroleum products

Liechtenstein: small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery

Lithuania: machinery and equipment 22%, mineral products 15%, chemicals 12%, textiles and clothing, foodstuffs (1999)

Luxembourg: machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass

Macau: textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel

Madagascar: coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth, chromite, petroleum products

Malawi: tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products

Malaysia: electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, chemicals, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles

Maldives: fish, clothing

Mali: cotton 50%, gold, livestock (1999 est.)

Malta: machinery and transport equipment, manufactures

Man, Isle of: tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb

Marshall Islands: fish, coconut oil, trochus shells

Martinique: refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples

Mauritania: iron ore, fish and fish products, gold

Mauritius: clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses

Mayotte: ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon

Mexico: manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton

Micronesia, Federated States of: fish, garments, bananas, black pepper

Moldova: foodstuffs 57%, wine, tobacco; textiles and footwear, machinery (1999)

Mongolia: copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals

Montserrat: electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle

Morocco: phosphates and fertilizers, food and beverages, minerals

Mozambique: prawns 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity (2000)

Namibia: diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins

Nauru: phosphates

Nepal: carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain

Netherlands: machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs

Netherlands Antilles: petroleum products

New Caledonia: ferronickels, nickel ore, fish

New Zealand: dairy products, meat, fish, wool, forestry products, manufactures

Nicaragua: coffee, shrimp and lobster, cotton, tobacco, beef, sugar, bananas; gold

Niger: uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)

Nigeria: petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Niue: canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts

Norfolk Island: postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados

Northern Mariana Islands: garments

Norway: petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish

Oman: petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles

Pakistan: textiles (garments, cotton cloth, and yarn), rice, other agricultural products

Palau: trochus (type of shellfish), tuna, copra, handicrafts

Panama: bananas, shrimp, sugar, coffee, clothing

Papua New Guinea: oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns

Paraguay: electricity, soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils

Peru: fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton

Philippines: electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment, garments, coconut products

Pitcairn Islands: fruits, vegetables, curios, stamps

Poland: machinery and transport equipment 30.2%, intermediate manufactured goods 25.5%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 20.9%, food and live animals 8.5% (1999)

Portugal: clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides

Puerto Rico: pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment

Qatar: petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel

Reunion: sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)

Romania: textiles and footwear 26%, metals and metal products 15%, machinery and equipment 11%, minerals and fuels 6% (1999)

Russia: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures

Rwanda: coffee, tea, hides, tin ore

Saint Helena: fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts

Saint Kitts and Nevis: machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco

Saint Lucia: bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: bananas 39%, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch, tennis racquets

Samoa: coconut oil and cream, copra, fish, beer

San Marino: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Sao Tome and Principe: cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil

Saudi Arabia: petroleum and petroleum products 90%

Senegal: fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton

Seychelles: fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)

Sierra Leone: diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish

Singapore: machinery and equipment (including electronics), chemicals, mineral fuels

Slovakia: machinery and transport equipment 39.4%, intermediate manufactured goods 27.5%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 13%, chemicals 8% (1999)

Slovenia: manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Solomon Islands: timber, fish, palm oil, cocoa, copra

Somalia: livestock, bananas, hides, fish (1999)

South Africa: gold, diamonds, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment

Spain: machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods

Sri Lanka: textiles and apparel, tea, diamonds, coconut products, petroleum products

Sudan: oil and petroleum products, cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar

Suriname: alumina, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas

Swaziland: soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit

Sweden: machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals

Switzerland: machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products

Syria: petroleum 65%, textiles 10%, manufactured goods 10%, fruits and vegetables 7%, raw cotton 5%, live sheep 2%, phosphates 1% (1998 est.)

Tajikistan: aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Tanzania: coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)

Thailand: computers and parts, textiles, integrated circuits, rice

Togo: cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa

Tokelau: stamps, copra, handicrafts

Tonga: squash, fish, vanilla beans

Trinidad and Tobago: petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers

Tunisia: textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons

Turkey: apparel 25.6%, foodstuffs 15.4%, textiles 12.3%, metal manufactures 8.6%, transport equipment 8.1% (1998)

Turkmenistan: gas 33%, oil 30%, cotton fiber 18%, textiles 8% (1999)

Turks and Caicos Islands: lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells

Tuvalu: copra

Uganda: coffee, fish and fish products, tea; electrical products, iron and steel

Ukraine: ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products

United Arab Emirates: crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates

United Kingdom: manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco

United States: capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products

Uruguay: meat, rice, leather products, vehicles, dairy products, wool, electricity

Uzbekistan: cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles

Vanuatu: copra, kava, beef, cocoa, timber, coffee

Venezuela: petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures

Vietnam: crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes

Virgin Islands: refined petroleum products

Wallis and Futuna: copra, chemicals, construction materials

West Bank: olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone

Western Sahara: phosphates 62%

World: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services

Yemen: crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish

Yugoslavia: manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials

Zambia: copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco

Zimbabwe: tobacco 29%, gold 7%, ferroalloys 7%, cotton 5% (1999 est.)

Taiwan: machinery and electrical equipment 51%, metals, textiles, plastics, chemicals

======================================================================

@Exports - partners

Afghanistan: FSU, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, India, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czech Republic

Albania: Italy 67%, Greece 15%, Germany 5%, Austria 2%, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2% (2000)

Algeria: Italy 22%, US 15%, France 12%, Spain 11%, Brazil 8%, Netherlands 5% (1999)

American Samoa: US 99.6%

Andorra: France 34%, Spain 58% (1998)

Angola: US 54%, South Korea 14%, Benelux 11%, China 7%, Taiwan 6% (1999)

Anguilla: NA

Antigua and Barbuda: OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%

Argentina: Brazil 24%, EU 21%, US 11% (1999 est.)

Armenia: Belgium 36%, Iran 15%, Russia 14%, US 7%, Turkmenistan, Georgia (1999)

Aruba: US 42%, Colombia 20%, Netherlands 12% (1999)

Australia: Japan 19%, EU 14%, ASEAN 12%, US 9%, South Korea, NZ, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China (1999)

Austria: EU 64.2% (Germany 35.7%, Italy 8.7%, France 4.5%), Switzerland 5.9%, US 4.5%, Hungary 3.9% (1999)

Azerbaijan: Italy, Turkey, Russia, Georgia, Iran

Bahamas, The: US 22.3%, Switzerland 15.6%, UK 15%, Denmark 7.4% (1998)

Bahrain: India 14%, Saudi Arabia 5%, US 5%, UAE 5%, Japan 4%, South Korea 4% (1999)

Bangladesh: US 31.2%, Germany 9.95%, UK 8.06%, France 5.82%, Italy 4.42% (1999)

Barbados: UK 14.8%, US 11.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.6%, Venezuela 6.1%, Jamaica 5.8% (1998)

Belarus: Russia 66%, Ukraine, Poland, Germany, Lithuania (1998)

Belgium: EU 76% (Germany 18%, France 18%, Netherlands 12%, UK 10%) (1999)

Belize: US 42%, UK 33%, EU 12%, Caricom 4.8%, Canada 2%, Mexico 1% (1999)

Benin: Brazil 14%, Libya 5%, Indonesia 4%, Italy 4% (1999)

Bermuda: UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997)

Bhutan: India 94%, Bangladesh

Bolivia: UK 16%, US 12%, Peru 11%, Argentina 10%, Colombia 7% (1998)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Croatia, Switzerland, Italy, Germany

Botswana: EU 77%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 18%, Zimbabwe 3% (1998)

Brazil: US 23%, Argentina 11%, Germany 5%, Netherlands 5%, Japan 5% (1999)

British Virgin Islands: Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US

Brunei: Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)

Bulgaria: Italy 14%, Turkey 10%, Germany 9%, Greece 8%, Yugoslavia 8%, Belgium 6%, France 5%, US 4% (2000)

Burkina Faso: Italy 13%, France 10%, Indonesia 8%, Thailand 7% (1999)

Burma: India 13%, Singapore 11%, China 11%, US 8% (1999 est.)

note: official trade statistics do not include trade in illicit goods - such as narcotics, teak, and gems - or the largely unrecorded border trade with China and Thailand

Burundi: Germany 17%, Belgium 14%, US 8%, France 6%, Switzerland 4% (1999)

Cambodia: Vietnam 18%, Thailand 15%, US 10%, Singapore 8%, China 5% (1997)

Cameroon: Italy 24%, France 18%, Netherlands 10% (2000 est.)

Canada: US 86%, Japan 3%, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China (1999)

Cape Verde: Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia

Cayman Islands: mostly US

Central African Republic: Benelux 64%, Cote d'Ivoire, Spain, China, Egypt, France (1999)

Chad: Portugal 38%, Germany 12%, Thailand, Costa Rica, South Africa, France (1999)

Chile: EU 27%, US 16%, Japan 14%, Brazil 6%, Argentina 5% (1998)

China: US 21%, Hong Kong 18%, Japan 17%, South Korea, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Singapore, Taiwan (2000)

Christmas Island: Australia, NZ

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: Australia

Colombia: US 50%, EU 14%, Andean Community of Nations 16%, Japan 2% (2000 est.)

Comoros: France 50%, Germany 25% (1998)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: Benelux 62%, US 18%, South Africa, Finland, Italy (1999)

Congo, Republic of the: US 23%, Benelux 14%, Germany, Italy, Taiwan, China (1998)

Cook Islands: Japan 42%, New Zealand 25%, US 9%, Australia 9% (1999)

Costa Rica: US 54.1%, EU 21.3%, Central America 8.6% (1999)

Cote d'Ivoire: France 15%, US 8%, Netherlands 7%, Germany 6%, Italy 6% (1999)

Croatia: Italy 18%, Germany 15.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.8%, Slovenia 10.6%, Austria 6.2% (1999)

Cuba: Russia 23%, Netherlands 23%, Canada 13% (1999)

Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: UK 17.3%, Greece 9.7%, Russia 7.0%, Lebanon 5.2% (1999); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkey 51%, UK 31%, other EU 16.5% (1999)

Czech Republic: Germany 43%, Slovakia 8.4%, Austria 6.6%, Poland 5.6%, France 4% (1999)

Denmark: EU 66.5% (Germany 20.1%, Sweden 11.7%, UK 9.6%, France 5.3%, Netherlands 4.7%), Norway 5.8%, US 5.4% (1999)

Djibouti: Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5%, (1998)

Dominica: Caricom countries 47%, UK 36%, US 7% (1996 est.)

Dominican Republic: US 66.1%, Netherlands 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Russia 7.4%, UK 4.5% (1999 est.)

Ecuador: US 37%, Colombia 5%, Italy 5%, Chile 5%, Peru 4% (1999)

Egypt: EU 35%, Middle East 17%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, US 12% (1999)

El Salvador: US 63%, Guatemala 11%, Honduras 7%, Costa Rica 4% (1999)

Equatorial Guinea: US 62%, Spain 17%, China 9%, France 3%, Japan 3%, (1997)

Eritrea: Sudan 27.2%, Ethiopia 26.5%, Japan 13.2%, UAE 7.3%, Italy 5.3% (1998)

Estonia: Finland 19.4%, Sweden 18.8%, Russia 9.2%, Latvia 8.7%, Germany 7.5%, US 2.5% (1999)

Ethiopia: Germany 16%, Japan 13%, Djibouti 10%, Saudi Arabia 7% (1999 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): UK, Japan, Chile, NZ

Faroe Islands: Denmark 32%, UK 21%, France 9%, Germany 7%, Iceland 5%, US 5% (1996)

Fiji: Australia 33.1%, US 14.8%, UK 13.8%, other Pacific island countries 8.8%, NZ 4.5%, Japan 4.5% (1999)

Finland: EU 58% (Germany 13%, Sweden 10%, UK 9%, France 5%, Netherlands 4%), US 8%, Russia, Japan (1999)

France: EU 63% (Germany 16%, UK 10%, Spain 9%, Italy 9%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8%), US 8% (1999)

French Guiana: France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (1997)

French Polynesia: Japan 62%, US 21% (1999)

Gabon: US 47%, France 19%, China 8%, Japan 1.3% (1999)

Gambia, The: Benelux 59%, Japan 20%, UK 7%, Spain 2% (1999)

Gaza Strip: Israel, Egypt, West Bank

Georgia: Russia 19%, Turkey 16%, Azerbaijan 8%, Armenia 6% (1999)

Germany: EU 55.3% (France 11.3%, UK 8.3%, Italy 7.3%, Netherlands 6.3%, Belgium/Luxembourg 5.1%), US 10.1%, Japan 2.0% (1999)

Ghana: Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998)

Gibraltar: UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, Germany

Greece: EU 49% (Germany 15%, Italy 13%, UK 6%), US 6% (1999)

Greenland: EU (mainly Denmark) 85%, Japan 8%, US 2% (1999)

Grenada: Caricom 32.3%, UK 20%, US 13%, Netherlands 8.8% (1991)

Guadeloupe: France 60%, Martinique 18%, US 4% (1997)

Guam: US 25%

Guatemala: US 51.4%, El Salvador 8.7%, Honduras 5%, Costa Rica 3.4%, Germany 2.7% (1998)

Guernsey: UK (regarded as internal trade)

Guinea: US, Benelux, Ukraine, Ireland (1999)

Guinea-Bissau: India 59%, Singapore 12%, Italy 10% (1998)

Guyana: US 22%, Canada 22%, UK 18%, Netherlands Antilles 11%, Jamaica (1999)

Haiti: US 89%, EU 8% (1999)

Honduras: US 35.4%, Germany 7.5%, El Salvador 6.4%, Guatemala 5.8%, Nicaragua 4.8% (1999)

Hong Kong: China 33%, US 24%, Japan 5%, UK 4%, Germany, Singapore (1999)

Hungary: Germany 37%, Austria 9%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5% (2000)

Iceland: EU 64% (UK 20%, Germany 13%, France 5%, Denmark 5%), US 15%, Japan 5% (1999)

India: US 22%, UK 6%, Germany 5%, Japan 5%, Hong Kong 5%, UAE 4% (1999)

Indonesia: Japan 21%, US 14%, Singapore 10%, South Korea 7%, Netherlands 3%, Australia 3%, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (1999 est.)

Iran: Japan, Italy, UAE, South Korea, France, China

Iraq: Russia, France, Switzerland, China (2000)

Ireland: EU 59% (UK 19%, Germany 9%, France 7%), US 20% (2000)

Israel: US 36%, UK 6%, Benelux 5%, Hong Kong 4%, Netherlands 4% (1999)

Italy: EU 56.8% (Germany 16.4%, France 12.9%, Netherlands 7.1%, Spain 6.3%, Netherlands 2.9%), US 9.5% (1999)

Jamaica: US 35.7%, EU (excluding UK) 15.8%, UK 13%, Canada 10.5% (1999)

Japan: US 30%, Taiwan 7%, South Korea 6.4%, China 6.2%, Hong Kong 5.6% (2000 est.)

Jersey: UK

Jordan: India, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, EU, Indonesia, UAE, Lebanon, Kuwait, Syria, Ethiopia

Kazakhstan: EU 23%, Russia 20%, China 8% (1999)

Kenya: Uganda 18%, UK 15%, Tanzania 12%, Pakistan 8% (1999)

Kiribati: Bangladesh, Australia, US, Hong Kong (1999)

Korea, North: Japan 28%, South Korea 21%, China 5%, Germany 4%, Russia 1% (1995)

Korea, South: US 20.5%, Japan 11%, China 9.5%, Hong Kong 6.3%, Taiwan 4.4% (1999)

Kuwait: Japan 23%, US 12%, Singapore 8%, Netherlands 7% (1999)

Kyrgyzstan: Germany 33%, Russia 16%, Kazakhstan 10%, Uzbekistan 10%, China 6% (1999)

Laos: Vietnam, Thailand, Germany, France, Belgium

Latvia: Germany 16%, UK 11%, Sweden 11%, Russia 7% (1999)

Lebanon: UAE 9%, Saudi Arabia 8%, Syria 6%, US 6%, Kuwait 6%, France 5%, Belgium 5%, Jordan 4% (1999)

Lesotho: South African Customs Union 65%, North America 34% (1998)

Liberia: Belgium 53%, Switzerland 9%, US 6%, France 4% (1999)

Libya: Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)

Liechtenstein: EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995)

Lithuania: Germany 15.8%, Latvia 12.6%, Russia 6.9%, Belarus 5.8%, Denmark (1999)

Luxembourg: EU 75% (Germany 25%, France 21%, Belgium 13%, UK 8%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 5%), US 4% (1999)

Macau: US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: Germany 22%, Yugoslavia 22%, US 12%, Greece 7%, Italy 6% (2000)

Madagascar: France 41%, US 19%, Germany 13%, UK 8%, Japan 6% (1999)

Malawi: South Africa 16%, Germany 16%, US 15%, Netherlands 7%, Japan (1999)

Malaysia: US 21%, Singapore 18%, Japan 13%, Hong Kong 5%, Netherlands 4%, Taiwan 4%, Thailand 3% (2000 est.)

Maldives: US, UK, Sri Lanka, Japan

Mali: Italy 18%, Thailand 15%, Germany 7%, Portugal 4% (1999)

Malta: US 21.4%, France 15.2%, Germany 12.6%, UK 9.3%, Italy 4.9% (1999)

Man, Isle of: UK

Marshall Islands: US, Japan, Australia

Martinique: France 45%, Guadeloupe 28% (1997)

Mauritania: Japan 18%, France 17%, Italy 16%, Spain 11% (1998)

Mauritius: UK 32%, France 19%, US 15%, Germany 6%, Italy 4% (1999 est.)

Mayotte: France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion

Mexico: US 88.6%, Canada 2%, Spain 0.9%, Germany 0.9%, Japan 0.6%, UK 0.6%, Netherlands Antilles 0.5%, Switzerland 0.3% Venezuela 0.3%, Chile 0.3% (2000 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of: Japan, US, Guam

Moldova: Russia 41%, Romania 9%, Germany 8%, Ukraine 7%, Italy, Belarus (1999)

Mongolia: China 60%, US 20%, Russia 9%, Japan 2% (2000 est.)

Montserrat: US, Antigua and Barbuda (1993)

Morocco: France 35%, Spain 9%, UK 8%, Germany 7%, US 5% (1999)

Mozambique: EU 27%, South Africa 26%, Zimbabwe 15%, India 12%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1999 est.)

Namibia: UK 43%, South Africa 26%, Spain 14%, France 8%, Japan (1998 est.)

Nauru: Australia, NZ

Nepal: India 33%, US 26%, Germany 25% (FY97/98)

Netherlands: EU 78% (Germany 26%, Belgium-Luxembourg 12%, France 12%, UK 11%, Italy 6%), Central and Eastern Europe, US (2000)

Netherlands Antilles: US 17.5%, Guatemala 8%, Costa Rica 6.5%, The Bahamas 4.6%, Jamaica 4.1%, Chile 3.4% (1998)

New Caledonia: Japan 27%, France 17%, Taiwan 12%, South Korea 9% (1999)

New Zealand: Australia 22%, US 14%, Japan 13%, UK 7% (1999)

Nicaragua: US 37.7%, El Salvador 12.5%, Germany 9.8%, Costa Rica 5.1%, Spain 2.5%, France 2.1% (1999)

Niger: France 45%, Nigeria 27%, UK 11% (1999)

Nigeria: US 36%, India 9%, Spain 8%, Brazil 6%, France 6%, (1999)

Niue: NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia

Norfolk Island: Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe

Northern Mariana Islands: US

Norway: EU 73% (UK 17%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 10%, Sweden 9%), US 5% (1999)

Oman: Japan 27%, China 12%, Thailand 18%, UAE 12%, South Korea 12%, US (1999)

Pakistan: US 24%, Hong Kong 7%, UK 7%, Germany 6%, UAE 6% (FY99/00)

Palau: US, Japan

Panama: US 42%, Germany 11%, Costa Rica 5%, Benelux 4%, Italy 4% (1999)

Papua New Guinea: Australia 30%, Japan 12%, Germany 7%, South Korea 4%, Philippines 3%, UK 3% (1999)

Paraguay: Brazil, Argentina, EU

Peru: US 29%, EU 25%, Andean Community 6%, Japan 4%, Mercosur 3% (1999)

Philippines: US 34%, Japan 14%, Netherlands 8%, Singapore 6%, UK 6%, Hong Kong 4% (1998)

Pitcairn Islands: NA

Poland: Germany 36.1%, Italy 6.5%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.8%, UK 4.0%, Czech Republic 3.8% (1999)

Portugal: EU 83% (Germany 20%, Spain 18%, France 14%, UK 12%, Netherlands 5%, Benelux 5%, Italy), US 5% (1999)

Puerto Rico: US 88% (2000)

Qatar: Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998)

Reunion: France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)

Romania: Italy 23%, Germany 18%, France 6%, Turkey 5%, US (1999)

Russia: US 8.8%, Germany 8.5%, Ukraine 6.5%, Belarus 5.1%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4.8% (1999)

Rwanda: Germany, Belgium, Pakistan, Italy, Kenya

Saint Helena: South Africa, UK

Saint Kitts and Nevis: US 68.5%, UK 22.3%, Caricom countries 5.5% (1995 est.)

Saint Lucia: UK 50%, US 24%, Caricom countries 16% (1995)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Caricom countries 49%, UK 16%, US 10% (1995)

Samoa: American Samoa 59%, US 18%, Germany 9%, New Zealand 8% (2000 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe: Netherlands 18%, Germany 9%, Portugal 9% (1998)

Saudi Arabia: Japan 18%, US 18%, France 4%, South Korea, Singapore, India (1999)

Senegal: France 17%, India 17%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Mali 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4% (1999)

Seychelles: France, UK, Netherlands, Italy, China, Germany, Japan

Sierra Leone: Belgium 38%, US 6%, Italy 4%, UK 4% (1999)

Singapore: US 19%, Malaysia 17%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 7%, Taiwan 5%, Thailand 4%, UK 4%, Netherlands 3.8%, China 3%, South Korea 3%, Germany 3% (1999)

Slovakia: EU 59.7% (Germany 27.8%, Austria 8%, Italy 8.9%), Czech Republic 18.1% (1999)

Slovenia: Germany 31%, Italy 14%, Croatia 8%, Austria 7%, France 6% (1999)

Solomon Islands: Japan 35.5%, other Asian countries 47.3% (1999)

Somalia: Saudi Arabia 53%, Yemen 19%, UAE 14%, Italy 5%, Pakistan 2% (1999)

South Africa: UK, Italy, Japan, US, Germany

Spain: EU 71% (France 20%, Germany 12%, Italy 9%, Portugal 9%, UK 8%), Latin America 6%, US 5% (2000)

Sri Lanka: US 39%, UK 13%, Middle East 8%, Germany 5%, Japan 4% (1999)

Sudan: Saudi Arabia 16%, Italy 10%, Germany 5%, France 3%, Thailand 3% (1999)

Suriname: US 23%, Norway 19%, Netherlands 11%, France, Japan, UK (1999)

Swaziland: South Africa 65%, EU 12%, Mozambique 11%, US 5% (1998)

Sweden: EU 55% (Germany 11%, UK 10%, Denmark 6%, Finland 5%, France 5%), US 9%, Norway 8% (1999)

Switzerland: EU 65.8% (Germany 22.6%, France 9.2%, Italy 8.0%, UK 5.5%, Austria 3.2%), US 12.4%, Japan 4.0% (1999)

Syria: Germany 21%, Italy 12%, France 10%, Saudi Arabia 9%, Turkey 8% (1999 est.)

Tajikistan: Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998)

Tanzania: India 20%, UK 10%, Germany 8%, Japan 8%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 4% (1998)

Thailand: US 22%, Japan 14%, Singapore 9%, Hong Kong 5%, Netherlands 4%, Malaysia 4%, UK 4% (1999)

Togo: Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Philippines (1999)

Tokelau: NZ

Tonga: Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago: US 39.3%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999)

Tunisia: Germany 28%, France 22%, Italy 17%, Belgium 5%, Libya 4% (1999)

Turkey: Germany 18.7%, US 11.4%, UK 7.4%, Italy 6.3%, France 6.0% (2000 est.)

Turkmenistan: Ukraine, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan

Turks and Caicos Islands: US, UK

Tuvalu: Fiji, Australia, NZ

Uganda: Spain, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Kenya (1999)

Ukraine: Russia 24%, Europe 30%, US 5% (2000 est.)

United Arab Emirates: Japan 30%, India 7%, Singapore 6%, South Korea 4%, Oman, Iran (1999)

United Kingdom: EU 58% (Germany 12%, France 10%, Netherlands 8%), US 15% (1999)

United States: Canada 23%, Mexico 14%, Japan 8%, UK 5%, Germany 4%, France, Netherlands (2000)

Uruguay: MERCOSUR partners 45%, EU 20%, US 7% (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan: Russia 13%, Switzerland 10%, UK 10%, Belgium 3%, Kazakhstan 4%, Tajikistan 4% (1999)

Vanuatu: Japan 32%, Germany 14%, Spain 8%, New Caledonia 7%, Australia 2% (1997 est.)

Venezuela: US and Puerto Rico 57%, Colombia, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, Italy (1999)

Vietnam: China, Japan, Germany, Australia, US, France, Singapore, UK, Taiwan

Virgin Islands: US, Puerto Rico

Wallis and Futuna: Italy 40%, Croatia 15%, US 14%, Denmark 13%

West Bank: Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip

Western Sahara: Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts

World: in value, about 75% of exports from the developed countries

Yemen: Thailand 34%, China 26%, South Korea 14%, Japan 3% (1999)

Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany (1998)

Zambia: Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997)

Zimbabwe: South Africa 10%, UK 9%, Malawi 8%, Botswana 8%, Japan 7%, (1999 est.)

Taiwan: US 23.5%, Hong Kong 21.1%, Europe 16%, ASEAN 12.2%, Japan 11.2% (2000)

======================================================================

@Fiscal year

Afghanistan: 21 March - 20 March

Albania: calendar year

Algeria: calendar year

American Samoa: 1 October - 30 September

Andorra: calendar year

Angola: calendar year

Anguilla: 1 April - 31 March

Antigua and Barbuda: 1 April - 31 March

Argentina: calendar year

Armenia: calendar year

Aruba: calendar year

Australia: 1 July - 30 June

Austria: calendar year

Azerbaijan: calendar year

Bahamas, The: 1 July - 30 June

Bahrain: calendar year

Bangladesh: 1 July - 30 June

Barbados: 1 April - 31 March

Belarus: calendar year

Belgium: calendar year

Belize: 1 April - 31 March

Benin: calendar year

Bermuda: 1 April - 31 March

Bhutan: 1 July - 30 June

Bolivia: calendar year

Bosnia and Herzegovina: calendar year

Botswana: 1 April - 31 March

Brazil: calendar year

British Virgin Islands: 1 April - 31 March

Brunei: calendar year

Bulgaria: calendar year

Burkina Faso: calendar year

Burma: 1 April - 31 March

Burundi: calendar year

Cambodia: calendar year

Cameroon: 1 July - 30 June

Canada: 1 April - 31 March

Cape Verde: calendar year

Cayman Islands: 1 April - 31 March

Central African Republic: calendar year

Chad: calendar year

Chile: calendar year

China: calendar year

Christmas Island: 1 July - 30 June

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 1 July - 30 June

Colombia: calendar year

Comoros: calendar year

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: calendar year

Congo, Republic of the: calendar year

Cook Islands: 1 April - 31 March

Costa Rica: calendar year

Cote d'Ivoire: calendar year

Croatia: calendar year

Cuba: calendar year

Cyprus: calendar year

Czech Republic: calendar year

Denmark: calendar year

Djibouti: calendar year

Dominica: 1 July - 30 June

Dominican Republic: calendar year

Ecuador: calendar year

Egypt: 1 July - 30 June

El Salvador: calendar year

Equatorial Guinea: 1 April - 31 March

Eritrea: calendar year

Estonia: calendar year

Ethiopia: 8 July - 7 July

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 1 April - 31 March

Faroe Islands: calendar year

Fiji: calendar year

Finland: calendar year

France: calendar year

French Guiana: calendar year

French Polynesia: calendar year

Gabon: calendar year

Gambia, The: calendar year

Gaza Strip: calendar year

Georgia: calendar year

Germany: calendar year

Ghana: calendar year

Gibraltar: 1 July - 30 June

Greece: calendar year

Greenland: calendar year

Grenada: calendar year

Guadeloupe: calendar year

Guam: 1 October - 30 September

Guatemala: calendar year

Guernsey: calendar year

Guinea: calendar year

Guinea-Bissau: calendar year

Guyana: calendar year

Haiti: 1 October - 30 September

Holy See (Vatican City): calendar year

Honduras: calendar year

Hong Kong: 1 April - 31 March

Hungary: calendar year

Iceland: calendar year

India: 1 April - 31 March

Indonesia: calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year

Iran: 21 March - 20 March

Iraq: calendar year

Ireland: calendar year

Israel: calendar year

Italy: calendar year

Jamaica: 1 April - 31 March

Japan: 1 April - 31 March

Jersey: 1 April - 31 March

Jordan: calendar year

Kazakhstan: calendar year

Kenya: 1 July - 30 June

Kiribati: NA

Korea, North: calendar year

Korea, South: calendar year

Kuwait: 1 April - 31 March

Kyrgyzstan: calendar year

Laos: 1 October - 30 September

Latvia: calendar year

Lebanon: calendar year

Lesotho: 1 April - 31 March

Liberia: calendar year

Libya: calendar year

Liechtenstein: calendar year

Lithuania: calendar year

Luxembourg: calendar year

Macau: calendar year

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: calendar year

Madagascar: calendar year

Malawi: 1 July - 30 June

Malaysia: calendar year

Maldives: calendar year

Mali: calendar year

Malta: 1 April - 31 March

Man, Isle of: 1 April - 31 March

Marshall Islands: 1 October - 30 September

Martinique: calendar year

Mauritania: calendar year

Mauritius: 1 July - 30 June

Mayotte: calendar year

Mexico: calendar year

Micronesia, Federated States of: 1 October - 30 September

Moldova: calendar year

Monaco: calendar year

Mongolia: calendar year

Montserrat: 1 April - 31 March

Morocco: calendar year

Mozambique: calendar year

Namibia: 1 April - 31 March

Nauru: 1 July - 30 June

Nepal: 16 July - 15 July

Netherlands: calendar year

Netherlands Antilles: calendar year

New Caledonia: calendar year

New Zealand: 1 July - 30 June

Nicaragua: calendar year

Niger: calendar year

Nigeria: calendar year

Niue: 1 April - 31 March

Norfolk Island: 1 July - 30 June

Northern Mariana Islands: 1 October - 30 September

Norway: calendar year

Oman: calendar year

Pakistan: 1 July - 30 June

Palau: 1 October - 30 September

Panama: calendar year

Papua New Guinea: calendar year

Paraguay: calendar year

Peru: calendar year

Philippines: calendar year

Pitcairn Islands: 1 April - 31 March

Poland: calendar year

Portugal: calendar year

Puerto Rico: 1 July - 30 June

Qatar: 1 April - 31 March

Reunion: calendar year

Romania: calendar year

Russia: calendar year

Rwanda: calendar year

Saint Helena: 1 April - 31 March

Saint Kitts and Nevis: calendar year

Saint Lucia: 1 April - 31 March

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: calendar year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: calendar year

Samoa: calendar year

San Marino: calendar year

Sao Tome and Principe: calendar year

Saudi Arabia: calendar year

Senegal: calendar year

Seychelles: calendar year

Sierra Leone: calendar year

Singapore: 1 April - 31 March

Slovakia: calendar year

Slovenia: calendar year

Solomon Islands: calendar year

Somalia: NA

South Africa: 1 April - 31 March

Spain: calendar year

Sri Lanka: calendar year

Sudan: calendar year

Suriname: calendar year

Swaziland: 1 April - 31 March

Sweden: calendar year

Switzerland: calendar year

Syria: calendar year

Tajikistan: calendar year

Tanzania: 1 July - 30 June

Thailand: 1 October - 30 September

Togo: calendar year

Tokelau: 1 April - 31 March

Tonga: 1 July - 30 June

Trinidad and Tobago: 1 October - 30 September

Tunisia: calendar year

Turkey: calendar year

Turkmenistan: calendar year

Turks and Caicos Islands: calendar year

Tuvalu: calendar year

Uganda: 1 July - 30 June

Ukraine: calendar year

United Arab Emirates: calendar year

United Kingdom: 1 April - 31 March

United States: 1 October - 30 September

Uruguay: calendar year

Uzbekistan: calendar year

Vanuatu: calendar year

Venezuela: calendar year

Vietnam: calendar year

Virgin Islands: 1 October - 30 September

Wallis and Futuna: calendar year

West Bank: calendar year (since 1 January 1992)

Western Sahara: calendar year

Yemen: calendar year

Yugoslavia: calendar year

Zambia: calendar year

Zimbabwe: 1 July - 30 June

Taiwan: 1 July - 30 June (up to FY98/99); 1 July 1999 - 31 December 2000 for FY00; calendar year (after FY00)

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@Flag description

Afghanistan: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a gold emblem centered on the three bands; the emblem features a temple-like structure with Islamic inscriptions above and below, encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bolder Islamic inscription above, all of which are encircled by two crossed scimitars

note: the Taliban uses a plain white flag

Albania: red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

Algeria: two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)

American Samoa: blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club

Andorra: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Angola: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Anguilla: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Antigua and Barbuda: red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band

Argentina: three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

Armenia: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

Aruba: blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

Ashmore and Cartier Islands: the flag of Australia is used

Australia: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars

Austria: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

Azerbaijan: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band

Bahamas, The: three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side

Bahrain: red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side

Baker Island: the flag of the US is used

Bangladesh: green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam

Barbados: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Bassas da India: the flag of France is used

Belarus: red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears the Belarusian national ornament in red

Belgium: three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France

Belize: blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Benin: two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side

Bermuda: red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

Bhutan: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side

Bolivia: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

Bosnia and Herzegovina: a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle

Botswana: light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

Bouvet Island: the flag of Norway is used

Brazil: green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

British Indian Ocean Territory: white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag

British Virgin Islands: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)

Brunei: yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

Bulgaria: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)

Burkina Faso: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Burma: red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions

Burundi: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Cambodia: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band

Cameroon: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Canada: three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

Cape Verde: three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

Cayman Islands: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

Central African Republic: four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band

Chad: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Chile: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag

China: red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner

Christmas Island: the flag of Australia is used

Clipperton Island: the flag of France is used

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: the flag of Australia is used

Colombia: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center

Comoros: green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing downward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: light blue with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center and a columnar arrangement of six small yellow five-pointed stars along the hoist side

Congo, Republic of the: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Cook Islands: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag

Coral Sea Islands: the flag of Australia is used

Costa Rica: five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band

Cote d'Ivoire: three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Croatia: red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Cuba: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag

Cyprus: white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

note: the Turkish Cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field

Czech Republic: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)

Denmark: red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Djibouti: two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center

Dominica: green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)

Dominican Republic: a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross

Ecuador: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

Egypt: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band

El Salvador: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Equatorial Guinea: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Eritrea: red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle

Estonia: pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white