Volume 12 — INDEX. (continued 3)

Megalopolis, foundation of, ii. 448, x. 224 seq., 233 n. 6; the centre of the Pan-Arcadian confederacy, x. 232; disputes at, x. 358; and Sparta, xi. 198, 263, 290, 300 seq.

Megapenthes and Perseus, i. 90.

Megara, early history of, iii. 2, 44 seq.; Corinth and Sikyôn, analogy of, iii. 47; and Athens, iii. 90 seq., v. 321, 348, 351 n., 352, vi. 76, 370 seq.; Long Walls at, v. 322; Brasidas at, vi. 375 seq.; revolution at, vi. 378 seq.; Philippizing faction at, xi. 449.

Megara in Sicily, iii. 365, v. 215.

Megarian Sicily, iii. 365.

Megarians under Pausanias, and Persian cavalry under Masistius, v. 164; repudiate the peace of Nikias, vi. 493, vii. 2; refuse to join Argos, vii. 16; recovery of Nisea by, viii. 131.

Megarid, Athenian ravage of, in the Peloponnesian war, vi. 137.

Meidias of Skepsis, ix. 213 seq.

Meidias the Athenian, xi. 343, 343 n. 2.

Meilaniôn and Atalanta, i. 149.

Meilichios, meaning of, ix. 171 n.

Melampus, i. 33, 109, 398, v. 89.

Melannippus and Tydeus, i. 274, 279.

Melanthus, ii. 23.

Meleager, legend of, i. 143 seq.

Meleagrides, i. 145.

Melesippus, vi. 126.

Melian nymphs, i. 5.

Melissus, vi. 28, viii. 341, 343.

Melkarth, temple of, iii. 269.

Melon, x. 81 seq., 88.

Melos, settlement of, ii. 28; expedition against, under Nikias, vi. 295; capture of, vii. 109 seq.; Antisthenês at, vii. 396.

Memnôn, son of Tithônus, i. 298.

Memnôn the Rhodian, operations of, between Alexander’s accession and landing in Asia, xii. 49, 77; and Mentor, xii., 75; advice of, on Alexander’s landing in Asia, xii. 78; made commander-in-chief of the Persians, xii. 92; at Halikarnassus, xii. 95 seq.; his progress with the Persian fleet, and death, xii. 105 seq.; change in the plan of Darius after his death, xii. 107, 109.

Memphis, Alexander at, xii. 146.

Men, races of, in “Works and Days”, i. 64 seq.

Mende, and Athens, vi. 441 seq.

Menedæus, and the Ambrakiots, vi. 305 seq.

Menekleidas and Epaminondas, x. 268, 305 seq.

Menekles, viii. 203.

Menelaus, i. 162 seq., iii. 269 n. 4.

Menestheus, i. 312, ii. 22.

Menœkeus, i. 274.

Menœtius, i. 6, 8.

Menon the Thessalian, ix. 30, 71.

Menon the Athenian, x. 373.

Mentor the Rhodian, xi. 439 seq., xii. 75.

Mercenary soldiers, multiplication of, in Greece after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 281 seq.

Mermnads, Lydian dynasty of, iii. 221.

Meroe, connection of, with Egyptian institutions, iii. 313.

Messapians, iii. 391; and Tarentines, xii. 394.

Messene, foundation of, ii. 422, iii. 366; foundation of, by Epaminondas, x. 225, 233 n. 6, 261; and Sparta, x. 290, 350, xi. 198, 263, 290.

Messene, in Sicily, chorus sent to Rhegium from, iv. 53 n.; re-colonization of, by Anaxilaus, v. 213; Laches at, vii. 134; Athenian fleet near, vii. 136; Alkibiades at, vii. 193; Nikias at, vii. 223; and Dionysius, x. 474 seq., xi. 3; Imilkon at, x. 492 seq.; and Timoleon, xi. 158.

Messenia, Dorian settlements in, ii. 8, 311.

Messenian genealogy, i. 172; wars, ii. 421-438; victor proclaimed at Olympia, B. C. 368, x. 262.

Messenians and Spartans, early proceedings of, ii. 328; expelled by Sparta, ix. 229, xi. 3; plan of Epaminondas for the restoration of, x. 214.

Messenians in Sicily, defeated by Naxians and Sikels, vii. 135.

Metaneira, i. 38.

Metapontium, iii. 386.

Methana, Athenian Garrion at, vi. 451.

Methône, iv. 23; Philip at, xi. 260.

Methône in Peloponnesus, Athenian assault upon, vi. 134.

Methymna, vi. 222, 225; Kallikratidas at, viii. 164.

Metics, and the Thirty at Athens, viii. 247.

Metis and Zeus, daughter of, i. 9.

Metrodorus, i. 419, 444 n.

Metropolis, relation of a Grecian, to its colonies, vi. 60 n.

Midas, iii. 209, 217.

Middle ages, monarchy in, iii. 8 seq.

Mikythus, v. 230, 231, 238.

Milesian colonies in the Troad, i. 339.

Milesians and Lichas, viii. 98; and Kallikratidas, viii. 164.

Miletus, early history of, iii. 176 seq.; and Alyattês, iii. 255 seq.; and Crœsus, iii. 258; sieges of, by the Persians, iv. 290, 305; Histiæus of, iv. 273 seq., 277, 280, 284, 298 seq.; Phrynichus’s tragedy on the capture of, iv. 309; exiles from, at Zanklê, v. 211 seq.; and Samos, dispute between, vi. 26; revolt of, from Athens, vii. 375, 385, 387 seq.; Tissaphernes at, vii. 376, 399; Lichas at, vii. 399; Peloponnesian fleet at, viii. 25, 94, 95 seq., 99; revolution at, by the partisans of Lysander, viii. 213; capture of, by Alexander, xii. 92 seq.

Military array of legendary and historical Greece, ii. 106 seq.; divisions not distinct from civil in any Grecian cities but Sparta, ii. 456; force of early oligarchies, iii. 31; order, Egyptian, iii. 316; arrangements, Kleisthenean, iv. 136.

Miltas, xi. 88.

Miltiades the First, iv. 117.

Miltiades the Second, iv. 119; and the bridge over the Danube, iv. 271, 274 n. 2; his retirement from the Chersonese, iv. 274; capture of Lemnos and Imbros by, iv. 278; escape of, from Persian pursuit, iv. 307; adventures and character of, iv. 334 seq.; elected general, 490 B. C., iv. 341; and the battle of Marathon, iv. 343 seq.; expedition of, against Paros, iv. 363; disgrace, punishment, and death of, iv. 365 seq.

Milto, ix. 47.

Miltokythes, x. 372, 378.

Milton on the early series of British kings, i. 484; his treatment of British fabulous history, i. 487.

Mimnermus, iv. 82.

Mindarus, supersedes Astyochus, viii. 98; deceived by Tissaphernês, viii. 99; removal of, from Milêtus to Chios, viii. 181; eludes Thrasyllus and reaches the Hellespont, viii. 102, 103 n.; at the Hellespont, viii. 109; Peloponnesian fleet summoned from Eubœa by, viii. 111; siege of Kyzikus by, viii. 121; death of, viii. 121.

Mineral productions of Greece, ii. 229.

Minôa, capture of, by Nikias, vi. 285.

Minôs, i. 219 seq.

Minôtaur, the, i. 220 seq.

Minyæ, i. 130, ii. 26 seq.

Minyas, i. 128 seq.

Miraculous legends, varied interpretation of, i. 472 n. 2.

Mistake of ascribing to an unrecording age the historical sense of modern times, i. 432.

Mitford, his view of the anti-monarchical sentiment of Greece, iii. 12 seq.

Mithridates the Persian, ix. 87 seq.

Mithridates of Pontus, xii. 463.

Mithrines, xii. 90, 207.

Mitylenæan envoys, speech of, to the Peloponnesians at Olympia, vi. 226 seq.; prisoners sent to Athens by Pachês, vi. 243, 255.

Mityleneans at Sigeium, i. 339.

Mitylênê, iii. 193; political dissensions and poets of, iii. 198; revolt of, from Athens, vi. 221 seq.; blockade of, by Pachês, vi. 237 seq.; and the Athenian assembly, vi. 244, 246 seq.; loss and recovery of, by Athens, B. C. 412, vii. 383, 384; Kallikratidas at, viii. 167 seq.; removal of Kallikratidas from, viii. 170; Eteonikus at, viii. 170, 174, 189; blockade of, by Memnon, xii. 105; surrender of, by Chares, xii. 142.

Mnassippus, expedition of, to Korkyra, x. 142 seq.

Mnêmosynê, i. 5, 10.

Mnesiphilus, v. 122.

Mœræ, and Crœsus, iv. 194 seq.

Mœris, lake of, iii. 322 n. 1.

Molionids, the, i. 140.

Molossian kingdom of Epirus, xii. 395.

Molossians, iii. 413 seq.

Molossus, i. 189.

Mômus, i. 7.

Monarchy, in mediæval and modern Europe, iii. 8 seq.; aversion to, in Greece, after the expulsion of Hippias, iv. 176.

Money, coined, not known to Homeric or Hesiodic Greeks, ii. 116; coined, first introduction of, into Greece, ii. 320.

Money-lending at Florence in the middle ages, iii. 109 n.; and the Jewish law, iii. 111 n.; and ancient philosophers, iii. 113.

Money-standard, Solon’s debasement of, iii. 100; honestly maintained at Athens after Solon, iii. 114.

Monsters, offspring of the gods, i. 11.

Monstrous natures associated with the gods, i. 1.

Monts de Piété, iii. 162.

Monuments of the Argonautic expedition, i. 241 seq.

Moon, eclipse of, B. C. 413, vii. 315; eclipse of, B. C. 331, xii. 151.

Mopsus, iii. 184.

Mora, Spartan, ii. 458 seq.; destruction of a Spartan, by Iphikrates, ix. 351 seq.

Moral and social feeling in legendary Greece, ii. 79.

Moralizing Greek poets, iv. 91 seq.

Mosynæki, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 128.

Mothakes, ii. 418.

Motyê, capture of, by Dionysius, x. 485 seq.; recapture of, by Imilkon, x. 490.

Motyum, Duketius at, vii. 123.

Mountainous systems of Greece, ii. 212 seq.

Müller on Sparta as the Dorian type, ii. 342.

Multitude, sentiment of a, compared with that of individuals, ix. 279.

Munychia and Peiræus, Themistoklês’ wall round, v. 249; Menyllus in, xii. 326, 339; Nikanor in, xii. 339, 345.

Muse, inspiration and authority of the, i. 355.

Muses, the, i. 10.

Music, ethical effect of old Grecian, ii. 433; Greek, improvements in, about the middle of the seventh century B. C., iv. 77; comprehensive meaning of, among the ancient Greeks, viii. 349.

Musical modes of the Greeks, iii. 212.

Musicians, Greek, in the seventh century B. C., iv. 76 n.

Μῦθος, i. 356, 432 n., 458.

Mutilated Grecian captives at Persepolis, xii. 173.

Mutilation of dead bodies in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 92; of Bessus, xii. 206.

Mutiny at Athens immediately before Solon’s legislation, iii. 93.

Mygdonia, iii. 210.

Mykalê, Pan-Ionic festival at, iii. 177; the battle of, v. 191 seq.

Mykalêssus, massacre at, vii. 357 seq.

Myknæ, i. 90 seq.

Myriandrus, Alexander’s march from Kilikia to, xii. 114; Alexander’s return from, xii. 117.

Myrkinus, iv. 273, 296.

Myrmidons, origin of, i. 184.

Myrôn, iii. 32.

Myrônidês, v. 323, 331.

Myrtilus, i. 159.

Mysia, the Ten Thousand Greeks in, ix. 172 seq.

Mysians, iii. 196, 205 seq., 209.

Mysteries, principal Pan-Hellenic, i. 28, 38, 41, 43, v. 209 n.; and mythes, i. 496.

Mystic legends, connection of, with Egypt, i. 32; legends, contrast of, with Homeric hymns, i. 34; brotherhoods, iii. 87.

Mythe of Pandôra and Prometheus, now used in “Works and Days”, i. 71; meaning of the word, i. 356.

Mythes, how to be told, i. 2; Hesiodic, traceable to Krête and Delphi, i. 15; Grecian, origin of, i. 4, 52, 61 seq., 340 seq.; of the gods, discrepancies in, i. 53 n., 54; contain gods, heroes and men, i. 64; formed the entire mental stock of the early Greeks, i. 340, 359; difficulty of regarding them in the same light as the ancients did, i. 341; Grecian, adapted to the personifying and patriotic tendencies of the Greeks, i. 344 seq.; Grecian, beauty of, i. 351; Grecian, how to understand properly, i. 351 seq.; how regarded by superior men in the age of Thucydides, i. 375; accommodated to a more advanced age, i. 376 seq.; treatment of, by poets and logographers, i. 377 seq.; treatment of, by historians, i. 391 seq.; historicised, i. 409 seq.; treatment of, by philosophers, i. 418 seq.; allegorized, i. 419 seq.; semi-historical interpretation of, i. 433; allegorical theory of, i. 436; connection of, with mysteries, i, 436; supposed ancient meaning of, i. 438; Plato on, i. 441 seq., 420; recapitulation of remarks on, i. 450 seq.; familiarity of the Greeks with, i. 456 seq.; bearing of, on Grecian art, i. 459 seq.; German, i. 363; Grecian, proper treatment of, i. 487 seq.; Asiatic, iii. 221.

Mythical world, opening of, i. 1; sentiment in “Works and Days”, i. 68 seq.; geography, i. 246 seq.; faith in the Homeric age, i. 357; genealogies, i. 445 seq.; age, gods and men undistinguishable in, i. 449; events, relics of, i. 457; account of the alliance between the Hêrakleids and Dorians, ii. 2; races of Greece, ii. 19.

Mythology, Grecian, sources of our information on, i. 106; German, Celtic, and Grecian, i. 462, 463; Grecian, how it would have been affected by the introduction of Christianity, B. C. 500, i. 467.

Mythopæic faculty, stimulus to, i. 351; age, the, i. 361; tendencies, by what causes enfeebled, i. 361 seq.; tendencies in modern Europe, i. 469 seq.

Myûs, iii. 172.

N.

Napoleon, analogy between his relation to the confederation of the Rhine, and that of Alexander to the Greeks, xii. 51.

Nature, first regarded as impersonal, i. 368.

Naukraries, iii. 52, 65.

Naukratis, iii. 327, 335 seq.

Naupaktus, origin of the name, ii. 3; Pharmio’s victory near, vi. 206 seq.; Eurylochus’s attack upon, vi. 301; Demosthenês at, vi. 301; naval battle at, B. C. 413, vii. 358 seq.

Nausinikus, census in the archonship of, x. 115 seq.

Naval attack, Athenian, vi. 63.

Naxians and Sikels, defeat of Messenians by, vii. 135.

Naxos, early power of, iii. 165; expedition of Aristagoras against, iv. 282 seq.; Datis at, iv. 330; revolt and reconquest of, v. 307.

Naxos in Sicily, iii. 363, vii. 193, x. 468.

Nearchus, voyages of, xii. 233, 235, 237, 238.

Nebuchadnezzar, iii. 333.

Necklaces of Eriphylê and Helen, i. 287 seq.

Nectanebus, xi. 440.

Negative side of Grecian philosophy, viii. 345.

Neileus, or Nêleus, i. 109, ii. 24, iii. 173.

Nekôs, iii. 329 seq.

Nektanebis, x. 362, 366.

Nêleids down to Kodrus, i. 111.

Nêleus and Pelias, i. 107 seq.

Nemean lion, the, i. 7; games, ii. 461, iv. 65 seq.

Nemesis, i. 7.

Neobulê and Archilochus, iv. 81.

Neon the Cyreian, ix. 136 seq., 147.

Neon the Corinthian, xi. 156 seq.

Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, i. 188, 300, 305.

Neoptolemus the actor, xi. 373.

Nephelê, i. 123 seq.

Nereas, i. 7.

Nereids, i. 7.

Nessus, the centaur, i. 150.

Nestor, i. 110.

Niebelungen Lied, i. 479.

Nikæa on the Hydaspes, xii. 229, 233.

Nikanor, xii. 339, 354 seq.

Nikias, at Minôa, vi. 285; position and character of, vi. 285 seq.; and Kleon, vi. 287 seq., 457 seq.; at Mêlos, vi. 295; in the Corinthian territory, vi. 355 seq.; at Mendê and Skiônê, vi. 441 seq.; peace of, vi. 490 seq. vii. 1 seq.; and the Spartans taken at Sphakteria, vii. 6 seq.; embassy of, to Sparta, vii. 44; and Alkibiadês, vii. 104 seq., viii. 158; appointed commander of the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 148; speeches and influence of, on the Sicilian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 148 seq., 155, 159; his plan of action in Sicily, vii. 191; dilatory proceedings of, in Sicily, vii. 219, 225, 258 seq.; stratagem of, for approaching Syracuse, vii. 221; at the battle near the Olympeion at Syracuse, vii. 220; measures of, after his victory near the Olympeion at Syracuse, vii. 223; at Messênê in Sicily, vii. 223; forbearance of the Athenians towards, vii. 225 seq.; at Katana, vii. 234; in Sicily in the spring of B. C. 414, vii. 243; his neglect in not preventing Gylippus’s approach to Sicily and Syracuse, vii. 263 seq., 266 seq.; fortification of Cape Plenimyrium by, vii. 270; at Epipolæ, vii. 272; despatch of, to Athens for reinforcements, vii. 275 seq., 281 seq.; opposition of, to Demosthenês’s proposals for leaving Syracuse, vii. 308 seq.; consent of, to retreat from Syracuse, vii. 313; exhortations of, before the final defeat of the Athenians in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 321 seq.; and Demosthenês, resolution of, after the final defeat in the harbor of Syracuse, vii. 330; exhortations of, to the Athenians on their retreat from Syracuse, vii. 333 seq.; and his division, surrender of, to Gylippus, vii. 343 seq., 347 n. 2; and Demosthenês, treatment of, by their Syracusan conquerors, vii. 346; disgrace of, at Athens after his death, vii. 348; opinion of Thucydidês about, vii. 349; opinion and mistake of the Athenians about, vii. 351 seq.

Nikodromus, v. 47.

Nikoklês, x. 26.

Nikomachus the Athenian, viii. 307 seq.

Nikomachus the Macedonian, xii. 191, 194.

Nikostratus, vi. 271 seq., 440 seq.

Nikoteles, x. 466.

Nile, the, iii. 309.

Nineveh, or Ninus, siege of, iii. 233; capture of, iii. 255; and Babylon, iii. 290; site of, iii. 294 n. 2; and its remains, iii. 305.

Nine Ways, nine defeats of the Athenians at the, x. 302 n. 1.

Ninon and Kylon, iv. 409.

Niobê, i. 158.

Nisæa, alleged capture of, by Peisistratus, iii. 154 n.; connected with Megara by “Long Walls”, v. 324; surrender of, to the Athenians, vi. 375 seq.; recovery of, by the Megarians, viii. 131.

Nisus, i. 205, 221.

Nobles, Athenian, early violence of, iv. 152.

Nomads, Libyan, iv. 35 seq.

Nomios Apollo, i. 61.

Nomophylakes, v. 371.

Nomothetæ, iii. 123, 125, v. 372, viii. 296.

Non-Amphiktyonic races, ii. 270.

Non-Hellenic practices, ii. 256.

Non-Olympiads, ii. 435.

Notium, iii. 183; Pachês at, vi. 242; recolonized from Athens, vi. 243; battle of, viii. 153.

Notus, i. 6.

Numidia, Agathokles and the Carthaginians in, xii. 427.

Nymphæum, xi. 264, n. 1, xii. 480.

Nymphs, i. 5, 7.

Nypsius, xi. 107, 109, 111.

Nyx, i. 4, 6.

O.

Oarus, fortresses near, iv. 266.

Oath of mutual harmony at Athens, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 225.

Obæ ar Obês, ii. 361.

Ocean, ancient belief about, iii. 286 n.

Oceanic nymphs, i. 6.

Oceanus, i. 5, 6, 8.

Ochus, x. 367, xi. 437 seq., xii. 75 seq.

Odeon, building of, vi. 31.

Odes at festivals in honor of gods, i. 52.

Odin and other gods degraded into men, i. 466.

Odrysian kings, vi. 215 seq.

Odysseus, i. 290; and Palamêdês, i. 294; and Ajax, i. 299; steals away the Palladium, i. 302; return of, from Troy, i. 309; final adventures and death of, i. 314 seq.; at the agora in the second book of the Iliad, ii. 70 seq.

Odyssey and Iliad, date, structure, authorship and character of, ii. 118-209.

Œchalia, capture of, i. 151.

Œdipus, i. 265 seq.

Œneus and his offspring, i. 143 seq.

Œnoê, vi. 127, viii. 83, ix. 353.

Œnomaus and Pelops, i. 158.

Œnônê, i. 301 n. 3.

Œnophyta, Athenian victory at, v. 331.

Œnotria, iii. 350 seq.

Œnotrians, iii. 351, 375, 393.

Œta, path over Mount, v. 78.

Œtæi, ii. 213.

Office, admissibility of Athenians citizens to, iv. 113.

Ogygês, i. 194.

Okypetê, i. 7.

Olbia, xii. 474 seq.

Oligarchical government, change from monarchical to, in Greece, iii. 15 seq.; party at Athens, v. 365, viii. 235 seq., 300 seq.; Greeks, corruption of, vii. 401; conspiracy at Samos, viii. 6 seq., 26 seq.; conspiracy at Athens, viii. 15, 31 seq.; exiles, return of, to Athens, viii. 232.

Oligarchies in Greece, iii. 17, 29, 30, 31.

Oligarchy, conflict of, with despotism, iii. 28; vote of the Athenian assembly in favor of, viii. 14; establishment of, in Athenian allied cities, viii. 34; of the Four Hundred, viii. 36 seq., 45 seq., viii. 75, 88 seq.

Olive trees, sacred, near Athens, iii. 135 n. 2, vi. 267 n. 3.

Olpæ, Demosthenes’s victory at, vi. 303 seq.

Olympia, Agesipolis, and the oracle at, ix. 356; Lysias at, x. 73 seq.; panegyrical oration of Isokrates at, x. 77; occupation of, by the Arcadians, x. 315, 322; topography of, x. 319 n. 2; plunder of, by the Arcadians, x. 322 seq.

Olympias, xi. 262, 512, 516, 519; and Antipater, xii. 68, 254, 256 n. 2; intrigues of, after Alexander’s death, xii. 333; return of, from Epirus to Macedonia, xii. 340 seq., 366; death of, xii. 366; Epirus governed by, xii. 395 n. 2.

Olympic games, and Aëthlius, i. 100; origin of, i. 140; presidency of, ii. 10, 317 seq.; nature and importance of, ii. 241, 242; the early point of union between Spartans, Messenians, and Eleians, ii. 334; and the Delian festival, iv. 54; celebrity, history and duration of, iv. 55 seq.; interference of, with the defence of Thermopylæ, v. 77; and the Karneia, v. 77 n.; conversation of Xerxes on, v. 113; of the 90th Olympiad, vii. 52 seq.; celebration of, by the Arcadians and Pisatans, x. 318 seq.; legation of Dionysius to, xi. 28 seq.

Olympieion near Syracuse, battle of, vii. 219 seq.

Olympus, ii. 211.

Olympus, the Phrygian, iii. 213 n., iv. 75.

Olynthiac, the earliest, of Demosthenês, xi. 327 seq.; the second, of Demosthenês, xi. 331 seq.; the third, of Demosthenês, xi. 335 seq.

Olynthiacs of Demosthenês, order of, xi. 358 seq.

Olynthian confederacy, x. 50 seq., 68, 381, xi. 324; war, xi. 325-363.

Olynthus, iv. 24; capture and re-population of, by Artabazus, v. 149; increase of, by Perdikkas, vi. 69; expedition of Eudamidas against, x. 58; Teleutias at, x. 65 seq.; Agesipolis at, x. 67; submission of, to Sparta, x. 68; alliance of, rejected by the Athenians, xi. 236; alliance of, with Philip, xi. 236 seq.; secedes from the alliance of Philip, and makes peace with Athens, xi. 319; hostility of Philip to, xi. 320; Philip’s half-brothers flee to, xi. 321; intrigues of Philip in, xi. 321; attack of Philip upon, xi. 325, 381; alliance of, with Athens, xi. 326; renewed application of, to Athens, against Philip, xi. 331; assistance from Athens to, B. C. 350, xi. 334; three expeditions from Athens to, B. C. 349-348, xi. 334 n., 349; expedition of Athenians to, B. C. 349, xi. 346, 347; capture of, by Philip, xi. 350 seq., 364, 365, 372.

Oneirus, i. 7, ii. 185.

Oneium, Mount, Epaminondas at, x. 254.

Onesilus, iv. 292 seq.

Onomakles, viii. 84 seq.

Onamakritus, v. 3.

Onomarchus, and the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 255; successes of, 256, 293; at Chæroneia, xi. 257; power of the Phokians under, xi. 261; aid to Lykophron by, xi. 293; death of, xi. 294.

Ophellas, xii. 428, 431 seq.

Ophis, the, x. 36.

Opici, iii. 353.

Opis, Alexander’s voyage to, xii. 243.

Oracle at Delphi, legend of, i. 41; and the Krêtans, i. 226 n. 2; and the Battiad dynasty, iv. 43; answers of, on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 60 seq.

Oracles, consultation and authority of, among the Greeks, ii. 255; in Bœotia consulted by Mardonius, v. 149.

Orations, funeral, of Periklês, vi. 31, 144 seq.

Orchomenians, i. 313.

Orchomenus, ante-historical, i. 130 seq.; and Thêbes, i. 135, v. 159 n. 4, x. 194.

Orchomenus, early historical, ii. 273; capitulation of, B. C. 418, vii. 75; revolt of, from Thebes to Sparta, ix. 293; and the Pan-Arcadian union, x. 209, 210; destruction of, x. 311.

Oreithyia, i. 199.

Orestês, i. 163 seq.; and Agamemnôn transferred to Sparta, i. 165.

Orestês, bones of, ii. 447.

Oreus, xi. 449, 452.

Orgies, post-Homeric, i. 27.

Orœtês, iv. 226, 245.

Orontês the Persian nobleman, ix. 36, 40 n. 2.

Orontês, the Persian satrap, x. 22, 24.

Orôpus, vi. 383 n. 2, viii. 25, x. 286.

Orphans in legendary and historical Greece, ii. 91.

Orpheotelestæ, iii. 87.

Orpheus, i. 21, 22.

Orphic Theogony, i. 16 seq.; egg, i. 18; life, the, i. 23; brotherhood, i. 34.

Orsines, xii. 237.

Orthagoridæ, iii. 33 seq.

Orthros, i. 7.

Ortygês, iii. 187.

Ortygia, iii. 363; fortification and occupation of, by Dionysius, x. 458 seq.; Dionysius besieged in, x. 462 seq.; blockade of, by Dion, xi. 95, 98, 114; sallies of Nypsius from, xi. 107, 109, 111; Dion’s entry into, xi. 117; surrender of, to Timoleon, xi. 150 seq.; advantage of, to Timoleon, xi. 155; siege of, by Hiketas and Magon, xi. 156 seq.; Timoleon’s demolition of the Dionysian works in, xi. 165; Timoleon erects courts of justice in, xi. 165.

Oscan, Latin and Greek languages, iii. 354.

Oscans, iii. 353.

Ossa and Pelion, ii. 214.

Ostracism, similarity of, to Solon’s condemnation of neutrality in sedition, iii. 145, 147 seq., vii. 108 seq.; of Hyperbolus, iv. 151, vii. 101 seq.; of Kimon, v. 366; of Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 19; projected contention of, between Nikias and Alkibiadês, vii. 106 seq.; at Syracuse, vii. 122.

Otanês, iv. 223, 249 seq., 277.

Othryadês, ii. 449.

Othrys, ii. 213 seq.

Otos and Ephialtês, i. 136.

Ovid at Tomi, xii. 474 n.

Oxus crossed by Alexander, xii. 201.

Oxylus, i. 153, ii. 4, 9.

Oxythemis Korônæus, ii. 332 n. 2.

P.

Pachês, at Mitylênê, vi. 226, 237 seq.; at Notium, vi. 242; pursues the fleet of Alkidas to Patmos, vi. 241; sends Mitylenæan prisoners to Athens, vi. 243; crimes and death of, vi. 258.

Pæonians, iv. 15; conquest of, by Megabazus, iv. 276; victory of Philip over, xi. 214.

Pagasæ, conquest of, by Philip, xi. 295; importance of the Gulf of, to Philip, xi. 303.

Pagondas, vi. 384 seq.

Paktyas, the Lydian, iv. 200 seq.

Palæmon and Inô, i. 124.

Palæphatus, his treatment of mythes, i. 415 seq.

Palamêdês, i. 294.

Palikê, foundation of, vii. 123.

Palladium, capture of, i. 302.

Pallakopas, xii. 250.

Pallas, i. 6, 8.

Pallas, son of Pandiôn, i. 205.

Pallênê, i. 318, iv. 24.

Palus Mæotis, tribes east of, iii. 242.

Pammenes, expedition of, to Megalopolis, x. 359, xi. 257, 299.

Pamphyli, Hylleis, and Dymanes, ii. 360.

Pamphylia, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 99.

Panaktum, vii. 24, 29.

Pan-Arcadian Ten Thousand, x. 232, 322.

Pan-Arcadian union, x. 208 seq., 321 seq.

Pandiôn, i. 196.

Pandiôn, son of Phineus, i. 199.

Pandiôn II., i. 204.

Pandôra, i. 71, 76 seq.

Pan-Hellenic proceeding, the earliest approach to, iv. 50; feeling, growth of, between B. C. 776-560, iv. 51; character of the four great games, iv. 67; congress at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 57 seq.; patriotism of the Athenians on Xerxes’s invasion, v. 62; union under Sparta after the repulse of Xerxes, v. 260; schemes and sentiment of Periklês, vi. 18; pretences of Alexander, xii. 51.

Pan-Ionic festival and Amphiktyony in Asia, iii. 177.

Panoptês, Argos, i. 84.

Pantaleôn, ii. 434.

Pantikapæum, xii. 479 seq., 487.

Pantitês, story of, v. 94 n. 1.

Paphlagonia, submission of, to Alexander, xii. 111.

Paphlagonians, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 144.

Paragraphê, viii. 299.

Parali, at Samos, viii. 29.

Paralus, arrival of, at Athens from Samos, viii. 30.

Paranomôn, Graphê, v. 375 seq., viii. 36.

Parasang, length of, ix. 14 n. 3.

Paris, i. 286 seq., 301.

Parisades I., xii. 482.

Parmenidês, viii. 343, 344 n.

Parmenio, embassy of, from Philip to Athens, xi. 386, 388, 389, 398, 401; operations of, in Asia Minor against Memnon, xii. 49; debate of, with Alexander at Milêtus, xii. 92; captures Damascus, xii. 128; at the battle of Arbela, xii. 158, 159, 164, 165; invested with the chief command at Ekbatana, xii. 181; family of, xii. 190; alleged conspiracy and assassination of, xii. 196 seq.

Paropamisadæ, subjugation of, by Alexander, xii. 200.

Paros, Theramenês at, viii. 118.

Partheniæ, iii. 387.

Parthenon, vi. 21, 22; records of offerings in, xi. 249 n., 252 n. 3.

Parthia, Darius pursued by Alexander into, xii. 182 seq.

Partition of lands ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 380, 393 seq., 401 seq.; proposed by Agis, iii. 399, 401.

Parysatis, wife of Darius Nothus, ix. 61, 72.

Parysatis, daughter of Darius Nothus, xii. 241.

Pasimêlus, ix. 331 seq.

Pasion, and Xenias, ix. 28.

Pasiphaë and the Minôtaur, i. 220.

Pasippidas, banishment of, viii. 128.

Patizeithês, conspiracy of, iv. 223.

Patrokleidês, amnesty proposed by, viii. 224.

Patroklus, treatment of, in the Iliad, ii. 177.

Patronymic names of demes, iii. 63 n. 2.

Patrôus Apollo, i. 50.

Pattala, xii. 235 n. 4.

Pausanias, the historian, on the Achæans, i. 104; his view of mythes, i. 414; his history of the Bœotians between the siege of Troy and the Return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 16; his account of the Messenian wars, ii. 425 seq., 428 seq.; on Iphikrates at Corinth, B. C. 369, x. 238 n.

Pausanias, the Spartan regent, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 165; at Platæa, v. 168 seq., 177 seq.; misconduct of, after the battle of Platæa, v. 178 seq., 181; conduct of, after losing the command of the Greeks, v. 269; detection and death of, v. 272 seq.; and Themistoklês, v. 273, 282.

Pausanias the Spartan king, and Lysander, viii. 262; his expedition to Attica, viii. 275 seq.; his attack upon Peiræus, viii. 276; his pacification between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus, viii. 277 seq.; in Bœotia, ix. 295 seq.; condemnation of, ix. 297 seq.; and the democratical leaders of Mantinea, x. 37.

Pausanias the Macedonian, x. 249, xi. 515 seq.

Pedaritus, vii. 399, 391, viii. 19.

Pedieis, iii. 93.

Pedigrees, mythical, connect gentes, i. 193.

Pegasus, i. 4, 122.

Peiræum, Athenian victory near, vii. 369; defeat of the Athenian fleet near, vii. 381; capture of, by Agesilaus, ix. 343, 345 seq.; recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.

Peiræus, fortification of, by Themistoklês, v. 249 seq.; and Athens, Long Walls between, v. 324 seq., viii. 229, ix. 333 seq.; improvements at, under Periklês, vi. 20; departure of the armament for Sicily from, vii. 181; walls built at, by the Four Hundred, viii. 63; approach of the Lacedæmonian fleet under Agesandridas to, viii. 66, 71; Thrasybulus at, viii. 272 seq.; king Pausanias’s attack upon, viii. 276; attack of Teleutias on, ix. 377 seq.; attempt of Sphodrias to surprise, x. 98 seq.; seizure of, by Nikanor, xii. 346.

Peisander, and the mutilation of the Hermæ, vii. 200; and the conspiracy of the Four Hundred, viii. 8, 12, 13 seq., 21, 26, 33 seq.; statements respecting, viii. 32 n.; punishment of, viii. 88.

Peisander, the Lacedæmonian admiral, ix. 274, 283.

Peisistratids, and Thucydidês iv. 112 n. 2; fall of the dynasty of, iv. 122; with Xerxes in Athens, v. 115 seq.

Peisistratus, iii. 153 seq., iv. 102 seq., 117.

Peithias, the Korkyræan, vi. 268 seq.

Pelasgi, ii. 261 seq.; in Italy, iii. 351; of Lemnos and Imbros, iv. 277.

Pelasgikon, oracle about the, vi. 129 n. 2.

Pelasgus, i. 173.

Pêleus, i. 114, 187 seq.

Pelias, i. 108 seq., 114 seq.

Pelion and Ossa, ii. 214.

Pella, embassies from Grecian states at, B. C. 346, xi. 404 seq.; under Philip, xii. 66.

Pellênê, i. 318; and Phlius, x. 271.

Pelopidas, escape of, to Athens, x. 61; conspiracy of, against the philo-Laconian rulers at Thebes, x. 81 seq.; slaughter of Leontiades by, x. 86; and Epaminondas, x. 121; victory of, at Tegyra, x. 134; in Thessaly, x. 249, 263, 283 seq., 303, 307 seq.; and Philip, x. 249 n. 2, 264; and Alexander of Pheræ, x. 282 seq.; death of, x. 308.

Pelopidas, i. 153 seq., 160.

Peloponnesian war, its injurious effects upon the Athenian empire, vi. 46; war, commencement of, vi. 103-153; fleet, Phormio’s victories over, vi. 196 seq., 203 seq.; war, agreement of the Peloponnesian confederacy at the commencement of, vii. 19 n.; allies, synod of, at Corinth, B. C. 412, vii. 368; fleet of under Theramenês, vii. 387 seq.; fleet at Rhodes, vii. 400 seq., viii. 94; fleet, return of, from Rhodes to Milêtus, viii. 25; fleet discontent in, Milêtus, viii. 95, 97 seq.; fleet, capture of, at Kyzikus, viii. 121; fleet, pay of, by Cyrus, viii. 143; confederacy, assembly of, at Sparta, B. C. 404, viii. 228; confederacy, Athens at the head of, B. C. 371, x. 201; allies of Sparta after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280.

Peloponnesians, immigrant, ii. 303; conduct of, after the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 106; and Mardonius’s approach, v. 154 seq.; and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 seq., 247; five years’ truce of, with Athens, v. 334; position and views of, in commencing the Peloponnesian war, vi. 94 seq., 113, 124 seq.; invasions of Attica, by, under Archidamus, vi. 126 seq., 154; slaughter of neutral prisoners by, vi. 182; and Ambrakiots attack Akarnania, vi. 194 seq.; application of revolted Mitylenæans to, vi. 226 seq.; and Ætolians attack Naupaktus, vi. 301; and Tissaphernês, vii. 387, 395 seq., viii. 4, 21 seq., 113 seq.; defeat of, at Kynossêma, viii. 109 seq.; at Abydos, viii. 117; aid of Pharnabazus to, viii. 126; letters of Philip to, xi. 492.

Peloponnesus, eponym of, i. 154; invasion and division of, by the Hêrakleids, ii. 4; mythical tide of the Dorians to, ii. 6; extension of Pindus through, ii. 212; distribution of, about B. C. 450, ii. 299 seq.; difference between the distribution, B. C. 450 and 776, ii. 302; population of, which was believed to be indigenous, ii. 303; southern inhabitants of, before the Dorian invasion, ii. 337; events in, during the first twenty years of the Athenian hegemony, v. 315 seq.; voyage of Tolmidês round, v. 331; ravages of, by the Athenians, vi. 135, 164; political relations in, B. C. 421, vii. 23; expedition of Alkibiadês into the interior of, vii. 63; expedition of Konon and Pharnabazus to, ix. 322; circumnavigation of, by Timotheus, x. 132; proceedings in, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 198, 242; expedition of Epaminondas to, x. 215 seq., 254 seq., 266 seq., 328 seq.; state of, B. C. 362, x. 313 seq.; visits of Dion to, xi. 61; disunion of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 199; affairs of, B. C. 354-352, xi. 290 seq.; war in, B. C. 352-351, xi. 299; intervention of Philip in, after B. C. 346, xi. 443; expedition of Philip to, xi. 511; Kassander and Polysperchon in, xii. 360, 365; Kassander and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, in, xii. 368, 369.

Pelops, i. 154 seq.

Pelusium, Alexander at, xii. 146.

Penal procedure at Athens, iv. 366 n.

Penestæ, Thessalian, ii. 279 seq.

Pentakosiomedimni, iii. 117.

Pentapolis on the south-west coast of the Euxine, xii. 458, 472.

Pentekontêrs, Spartan, ii. 459.

Pentekostys, i. 458.

Penthesileia, ii. 209, 298.

Pentheus and Agavê, i. 262 seq.

Perdikkas I., iv. 17.

Perdikkas II., relations and proceedings of, towards Athens, vi. 67 seq., 71, 141, 370, 448 seq., vii. 96, 104; and Sitalkês, xi. 217, 220; application of, to Sparta, vi. 398; and Brasidas, relations between, vi. 369, 448, 450 seq.; joins Sparta and Argos, vii. 96; death of, x. 46.

Perdikkas, brother of Philip, x. 300, 301, 370, 382, xi. 205 seq.

Perdikkas, Alexander’s general, xii. 256, 319, 333 seq., 337.

Pergamum, i. 286 n. 5, 324.

Pergamus, custom in the temple of Asklêpius at, i. 301 n. 4.

Pergamus in Mysia, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 172 seq.

Periander, the Corinthian despot, power and character of, iii. 41 seq.

Perikles, difference between the democracy after, and the constitution of Kleisthenês, iv. 148; effect of, on constitutional morality, iv. 163; at the battle of Tanagra, v. 328; expeditions of, to Sikyon and Akarnania, v. 332; policy of, B. C. 450, v. 342; reconquest of Eubœa by, v. 349; and Ephialtês, constitution of dikasteries by, v. 355 seq.; and Kimon, v. 362 seq.; public life and character of, v. 362 seq.; and Ephialtês, judicial reform of, v. 355 seq., 366 seq.; real nature of the constitutional changes effected by, v. 367 seq.; commencement of the ascendancy of, v. 370; and Kimon, compromise between, v. 329, 371; his conception of the relation between Athens and her allies, vi. 4; and Athenian kleruchs by, vi. 10; and Thucydidês, son of Melêsias, vi. 15 seq.; Pan-Hellenic schemes and sentiment of, vi. 18; city-improvements at Athens under, vi. 20 seq., 23 seq.; sculpture at Athens under, vi. 22; attempt of, to convene a Grecian congress at Athens, vi. 25; Sophoklês, etc., Athenian armament under, vi. 27 seq.; funeral orations of, vi. 31, 143 seq.; demand of the Spartans for his banishment, vi. 97, 105; indirect attacks of his political opponents upon, vi. 98 seq.; his family relations, and connection with Aspasia, vi. 101, 102; charge of peculation against, vi. 103 seq.; stories of his having caused the Peloponnesian war, vi. 104 n.; speech of, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 107 seq.; and the ravages of Attica by Archidamus, vi. 128 seq.; last speech of, xii. 165 seq.; accusation and punishment of, vi. 168 seq.; old age and death of, vi. 170 seq.; life and character of, vi. 172 seq.; new class of politicians at Athens after, vi. 171 seq.; and Nikias compared, vi. 287.

Perriklymenos, i. 112 seq.

Perinthus, iv. 27; and Athens, viii. 126, xi. 461; siege of, by Philip, xi. 454, 458.

Periœki, ii. 364 seq., 369, 371 n. 2; Libyan, iv. 40, 42, 45.

Pêrô, Bias and Melampus, i. 110 seq.

Perseid dynasty, i. 91.

Persephonê, i. 10; mysteries of, v. 208 n. 2.

Persepolis, Alexander’s march from Susa to, xii. 170 seq.; Alexander at, xii. 172 seq., 237; Alexander’s return from India to, xii. 237.

Persês, i. 6.

Perseus, exploits of, i. 89 seq.

Persia, application of Athens for alliance with, iv. 165; state of, on the formation of the confederacy of Delos, v. 267; treatment of Themistoklês in, v. 284 seq.; operations of Athens and the Delian confederacy against, v. 303 seq.; and Athens, treaty between, B. C. 450, v. 335 seq.; Asiatic Greeks not tributary to, between B. C. 477-412, v. 337 n. 2; surrender of the Asiatic Greeks by Sparta to, ix. 205; and the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 385 seq., x. 2 seq., 158; applications of Sparta and Athens to, x. 5 seq.; hostility of, to Sparta after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8; unavailing efforts of, to reconquer Egypt, x. 13; and Evagoras, x. 20 seq.; Spartan project against, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44; application of Thebes to, x. 277 seq.; embassy from Athens to, B. C. 366, x. 293; state of, B. C. 362, x. 360, 366; alarm at Athens about, B. C. 354, xi. 285; projected invasion of, by Philip, xi. 511 seq.; correspondence of Demosthenes with, xii. 20 seq.; accumulation of royal treasures in, xii. 175 n. 3; roads in, xii. 180 n.

Persian version of the legend of Io, i. 86; noblemen, conspiracy of, against the false Smerdis, iv. 223 seq.; empire, organization of, by Darius Hystaspês, iv. 233 seq.; envoys to Macedonia, iv. 276; armament against Cyprus, iv. 292; force against Milêtus, iv. 299; fleet at Ladê, iv. 304; fleet and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 307; armament under Datis, iv. 329 seq., 345; fleet before the battle of Salamis, v. 85 seq., 99 seq., 113, 119, 125, 127 nn.; army, march of, from Thermopylæ to Attica, v. 114 seq.; fleet at Salamis, v. 130 seq.; fleet after the battle of Salamis, v. 137, 147; army under Mardonius, v. 154 seq.; fleet at Mykalê, v. 191; army at Mykalê, v. 193; army, after the defeat at Mykalê, v. 198; war effect of, upon Athenian political sentiment, v. 274; kings, from Xerxes to Artaxerxes Mnemon, vi. 362 seq.; cavalry, and the retreating Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 89 seq.; empire, distribution of, into satrapies and subsatrapies, ix. 209; preparations for maritime war against Sparta, B. C. 397, ix. 255, 268; king, Thebans obtain money from, xi. 302; forces in Phrygia on Alexander’s landing, xii. 75, 78; Gates, Alexander at, xii. 171; fleet and armies, hopes raised in Greece by, B. C. 334-331, xii. 276.

Persians, condition of, at the rise of Cyrus the Great, iv. 187; conquests of, under Cyrus the Great, iv. 209, 216 seq.; the first who visited Greece, iv. 257 seq.; conquest of Thrace by, under Darius Hystaspês, iv. 273; successes of, against the revolted coast of Asia Minor, iv. 289; attempts of, to disunite the Ionians at Ladê, iv. 300; narrow escape of Miltiadês from, iv. 307; cruelties of, at Milêtus, iv. 308; attempted revolt of Thasos from, iv. 314; at Marathon, iv. 333, 345 seq.; after the battle of Marathon, iv. 351, 352; change of Grecian feeling towards, after the battle of Marathon, iv. 355; their religious conception of history, v. 10; at Thermopylæ, v. 83, 85 seq.; in Psyttaleia, v. 128, 136; at Salamis, v. 131 seq.; at Platæa, v. 163 seq.; at Mykalê, v. 197; between Xerxes and Darius Codomannus, v. 241; necessity of Grecian activity against, after the battles of Platæa and Mykalê, v. 296; mutilation inflicted by, ix. 9; heralds from, to the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 52; impotence and timidity of, ix. 75; imprudence of, in letting Alexander cross the Hellespont, xii. 78; defeat of, at the Granikus, xii. 80 seq.; defeat of, at Issus, xii. 118 seq.; incorporation of, in the Macedonian phalanx, xii. 251.

Persis, subjugation of, by Alexander, xii. 177; Alexander’s return from India to, xii. 237.

Personages, quasi-human, in Grecian mythology, i. 342 seq.

Personal ascendency of the king in legendary Greece, ii. 61; feeling towards the gods, the king, or individuals in legendary Greece, ii. 80 seq.; sympathies the earliest form of social existence, ii. 84.

Personalities, great predominance of, in Grecian legend, ii. 74.

Personality of divine agents in mythes, i. 2.

Personification, tendency of the ancient Greeks to, i. 342 seq.; of the heavenly bodies by Boiocalus, the German chief, i. 345 n.

Pestilence and suffering at Athens after the Kylonian massacre, iii. 84.

Petalism at Syracuse, iv. 163, vii. 122.

Peuke, xii. 23, 25 n. 2.

Peukestes, xii. 234, 238.

Pezetæri, xii. 59.

Phæax, expedition of, to Sicily, vii. 143.

Phalækus succeeds to the command of the Phokians, xi. 301; decline of the Phokians under, xi. 374, 418; opposition to, in Phokis, xi. 375; opposition of, to aid from Athens to Thermopylæ, xi. 376; position of, at Thermopylæ, xi. 375, 418 seq.; death of, xi. 434.

Phalanthus, œkist of Tarentum, iii. 387 seq.

Phalanx, Macedonian, xi. 501, xii. 57 seq., 251.

Phalaris, iv. 378, v. 204.

Phalerium, Xerxes at, v. 118.

Phalinus, ix. 52.

Phanes, and Zeus, i. 18.

Phanosthenes, viii. 159.

Pharakidas, x. 504 seq.

Pharax, ix. 270, 271 n. 3.

Pharax the officer of Dionysius, xi. 115, 116, 133.

Pharis, conquest of, ii. 420.

Pharnabazus and Tissaphernês, embassy from, to Sparta, vii. 366; and Derkyllidas, viii. 94; and Athens, viii. 114, 125; Athenian victory over, viii. 130; convention of, about Chalkêdon, viii. 132; and Alkibiades, viii. 133, 311 seq.; and Greek envoys, viii. 135, 137; after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 311; and Anaxibius, ix. 154, 166; and Lysander, ix. 204; and the subsatrapy of Æolis, ix. 210 seq.; and Agesilaus, ix. 269, 279 seq.; and Konon, ix. 283, 322, 325 seq.; and Abydos, ix. 324; and the anti-Spartan allies at Corinth, ix. 327; and the Syracusans, x. 386; anti-Macedonian efforts of, xii. 127; capture of, with his force, at Chios, xii. 142.

Pharsalus, Polydamas of, x. 137 seq.; and Halus, xi. 411.

Phaselis, Alexander at, xii. 100.

Phayllus, xi. 293, 297 seq., 301.

Pheidias, vi. 23, 102.

Pheidôn the Temenid, ii. 314; claims and projects of, as representative of Hêraklês, ii. 316; and the Olympic games, ii. 316 seq.; coinage and scale of, ii. 318 seq., 323 seq.; various descriptions of, ii. 320.

Pheidôn, one of the Thirty, viii. 271, 293.

Phenicia, ante-Hellenic colonies from, to Greece not probable, ii. 262 seq.; situation and cities of, iii. 267; reconquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438, 440 n. 3; Alexander in, xii. 130 seq., 150.

Phenician version of the legend of Io, i. 86; colonies, iii. 271 seq.; fleet at Aspendus, viii. 99, 100, 114; towns, surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130, 132.

Phenicians in Homeric times, ii. 103 seq.; historical, iii. 204, 289, 303, 308, 342 seq.; and Persians, subjugation of Cyprus by, iv. 293; and Persians at Milêtus, iv. 300 seq.; and Persians, reconquest of Asiatic Greeks by, iv. 307; and the cutting through Athos, v. 24; and Greeks in Sicily, v. 207; in Cyprus, x. 14 seq.

Pheræ, Jason of, x. 138 seq., x. 147 n., 153, 189 seq., 195 seq.

Pheræ, Alexander of, x. 248, xi. 202 seq.; despots of, xi. 202 seq.; Philip and the despots of, xi. 261, 292, 294 seq.; Philip takes the oath of alliance with Athens at, xi. 417; Alexander of, and Pelopidas, 256, 277 seq., 297, 301 seq.; Alexander of, subdued by the Thebans, x. 309 seq.; hostilities of Alexander of, against Athens, x. 369.

Pherekydes, i. 390, iv. 390.

Phretime, iv. 45 seq.

Philæus, eponym of an Attic dême, i. 189.

Philaidæ, origin of, i. 189.

Philip of Macedon, detained as a hostage at Thebes, x. 249 n. 1, 263, xi. 207 seq.; accession of, x. 382, xi. 212 seq.; as subordinate governor in Macedonia, xi. 207, 208; position of, on the death of Perdikkas, xi. 209; capture of Amphipolis by, xi. 232 seq.; his alliance with Olynthus and hostilities against Athens, xi. 236 seq.; capture of Pydna and Potidæa by, xi. 237 seq.; increased power of, B. C. 358-356, xi. 239; marriage of, with Olympias, xi. 240; intrigue of, with Kersobleptes against Athens, xi. 158; his activity, and conquest of Methônê, xi. 259 seq.; and the despots of Pheræ, xi. 261, 292 seq.; development of Macedonian military force under, xi. 282 seq.; and Onomarchus, xi. 293; conquest of Pheræ and Pagasæ by, xi. 295; checked at Thermopylæ by the Athenians, xi. 296; power and attitude of, B. C. 352-351, xi. 322; naval power and operations of, B. C. 351, xi. 297 seq.; in Thrace, B. C. 351, xi. 301; hostility of, to Olynthus, B. C. 351-350, xi. 320; flight of his half-brothers to Olynthus, xi. 321; intrigues of, in Olynthus, xi. 322; destruction of the Olynthian confederacy by, xi. 324, 325, 331, 350 seq., 364; Athenian expedition to Olynthus against, xi. 334; intrigues of, in Eubœa, xi. 339; and Athens, overtures for peace between, B. C. 348, xi. 369 seq.; Thebans invoke the aid of, against the Phokians, xi. 375; and Thermopylæ, xi. 377, 407, 410, 416, 421, 424; embassies from Athens to, xi. 375 seq., 401 seq., 422; envoys to Athens from, xi. 386, 387, 390, 398, 401; synod of allies at Athens about, xi. 388; peace and alliance between Athens, and, xi. 390 seq., 409, 429 seq., 442, 446 seq.; fabrications of Æschines and Philokrates about, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412 seq.; in Thrace, xi. 402, 404, 450 seq.; letter of, taken by Æschines to Athens, xi. 410, 416; surrender of Phokis to, xi. 421; declared sympathy of, with the Thebans, B. C. 346, xi. 421; visit of Æschines to, in Phokis, xi. 423; admitted into the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 425; ascendancy of, B. C. 346, xi. 428 seq.; named president of the Pythian festival, xi. 428; position of, after the Sacred War, xi. 434; letter of Isokrates to, xi. 436; movements of, after B. C. 346, xi. 443 seq.; warnings of Demosthenês against, after B. C. 346, xi. 444; mission of Python from, to Athens, xi. 446; and Athens, dispute between about Halonnesus, xi. 448 seq.; and Kardia, xi. 450; and Athens, disputes between, about the Bosporus and Hellespont, xi. 450; at Perinthus and the Chersonese, xi. 454, 458 seq.; and Athens, declaration of war between, xi. 454 seq.; makes peace with Byzantium, Chios, and other islands, attacks the Scythians, and is defeated by the Triballi, xi. 461; and the Amphissians, xi. 480 seq., 497; re-fortification of Elateia by, xi. 482, 484 seq.; application of, to Thebes for aid in attacking the Athenians, xi. 483 seq., 489; alliance of Athens and Thebes against, xi. 490 seq., 593 seq.; letters of, to the Peloponnesians for aid, xi. 492; victory of, at Chæroneia, xi. 497 seq., 505; military organization of, xi. 501, xii. 56 seq.; and the Athenians, peace of Demades between, xi. 507 seq.; honorary votes at Athens in favor of, xi. 509; expedition of, into Peloponnesus, xi. 510; at the congress at Corinth, xi. 511; preparations of, for the invasion of Persia, xi. 512; repudiates Olympias, and marries Kleopatra, xi. 512; and Alexander, dissensions between, xi. 513; assassination of, xi. 514 seq., xii. 6 seq.; character of, xi. 519 seq.; discord in the family of, xii. 4; military condition of Macedonia before, xii. 55.

Philip Aridæus, xii. 319, 334.

Philippi, foundation of, xi. 241.

Philippics of Demosthenes, xi. 309 seq., 445, 451.

Philippizing factions in Megara and Eubœa, xi. 448.

Philippus, the Theban polemarch, x. 82, 85.

Philippus, Alexander’s physician, xii. 113.

Philiskus, x. 261.

Philistides, xi. 449, 452.

Philistus, his treatment of mythes, i. 410; banishment of, xi. 33; recall of, xi. 67; intrigues of, against Plato and Dion, xi. 76; tries to intercept Dion in the Gulf of Tarentum, xi. 89; at Leontini, xi. 99; defeat and death of, xi. 100.

Philokrates, motion of, to allow Philip to send envoys to Athens, xi. 371; motion of, to send envoys to Philip, xi. 379; motion of, for peace and alliance with Philip, xi. 390 seq., 416; fabrications of, about Philip, xi. 398, 408, 409, 412; impeachment and condemnation of, xi. 433.

Philoktetes, i. 301, 310.

Philolaus and Dioklês, ii. 297.

Philomela, i. 196 seq.

Philomelus, xi. 245; seizes the temple at Delphi, xi. 248; and Archidamus, xi. 247; and the Pythia at Delphi, xi. 250; successful battles of, with the Lokrians, xi. 251; defeat and death of, xi. 255; takes part of the treasures in the temple at Delphi, xi. 252.

Philonomus and the Spartan Dorians, ii. 327.

Philosophers, mythes allegorized by, i. 418 seq.

Philosophy, Homeric and Hesiodic, i. 368; Ionic, i. 372 n. 2; ethical and social among the Greeks, iv. 76.

Philotas, alleged conspiracy, and execution of, xii. 190 seq., 197 n. 2.

Philoxenus and Dionysius, xi. 26.

Phineus, i. 199, 235.

Phlegyæ, the, i. 128.

Phlius, return of philo-Laconian exiles to, x. 42; intervention of Sparta with, x. 70; surrender of, to Agesilaus, x. 70 seq.; application of, to Athens, x. 234 seq.; fidelity of, to Sparta, x. 257, 270; invasion of, by Euphron, x. 270; and Pellênê, x. 271; assistance of Chares to, x. 272; and Thebes, x. 290 seq.

Phœbe, i. 5, 6.

Phœbidas, at Thebes, x. 58 seq., 62, 63, 128.

Phœnissæ of Phrynichus, v. 138 n. 1.

Phœnix, i. 257.

Phôkæa, foundation of, iii. 188; surrender of, to Harpagus, iv. 203; Alkibiadês at, viii. 152.

Phôkæan colonies at Atalia and Elea, iv. 206.

Phôkæans, exploring voyages of, iii. 281; effects of their exploring voyages upon Grecian knowledge and fancy, iii. 282; emigration of, iv. 205 seq.

Phokian defensive wall at Thermopylæ, ii. 283; townships, ravage of, by Xerxes’s army, v. 114.

Phokians, ii. 288; application of Leonidas to, v. 76; at Leuktra, x. 181, 182; and the presidency of the temple at Delphi, xi. 245 seq.; Thebans strive to form a confederacy against, xi. 251; take the treasures of the temple at Delphi, xi. 252, 255, 297, 374; war of, with the Lokrians, Thebans, and Thessalians, xi. 254; under Onomarchus, xi. 261, 293; under Phayllus, xi. 297 seq.; under Phalækus, xi. 374, 418; Thebans invoke the aid of Philip against, xi. 375; application of, to Athens, xi. 376; exclusion of, from the peace and alliance between Philip and Athens, xi. 396 seq., 411; envoys from, to Philip, xi. 404, 406; motion of Philokrates about, xi. 416; at Thermopylæ, xi. 418 seq.; treatment of, after their surrender to Philip, xi. 425 seq.; restoration of, by the Thebans and Athenians, xi. 493.

Phokion, first exploits of, x. 131; character and policy of, xi. 273 seq., 308, xii. 278, 311, 357 seq.; in Eubœa, xi. 340 seq., 452; at Megara, xi. 449; in the Propontis, xi. 460; and Alexander’s demand that the anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens should be surrendered, xii. 46, 47; and Demades, embassy of, to Antipater, xii. 322; at Athens under Antipater, xii. 324; and Nikanor, xii. 339, 346 seq.; and Alexander, son of Polysperchon, xii. 348; condemnation and death of, xii. 349 seq.; altered sentiment of the Athenians towards, after his death, xii. 357.

Phokis, acquisition of, by Athens, v. 331; loss of, by Athens, v. 348; invasion of, by the Thebans, B. C. 374, x. 136; accusation of Thebes against, before the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 243; resistance of, to the Amphiktyonic assembly, xi. 246 seq.; Philip in, xi. 421, 482, 492 seq.

Phôkus, i. 185.

Phokylidês, iv. 92.

Phorkys and Kêtô, progeny of, i. 7.

Phormio at Potidæa, vi. 74; at Amphilochian Argos, vi. 121; at Naupaktus, vi. 180; his victories over the Peloponnesian fleet, vi. 199 seq., 206 seq.; in Akarnania, vi. 213; his later history, vi. 277 n.

Phormisius, disfranchising proposition of, viii. 294.

Phorôneus, i. 82, 83.

Phraortês, iii. 228.

Phratries, iii. 52 seq., 63; and gentes, non-members of, iii. 133.

Phrikônis, iii. 192.

Phrygia, Persian forces in, on Alexander’s landing, xii. 75, 78; submission of, to Alexander, xii. 89.

Phrygian influence on the religion of the Greeks, i. 26, 28; music and worship, iii. 213 seq.

Phrygians and Trojans, i. 335; and Thracians, iii. 210, 213; ethnical affinities and early distribution of, iii. 209 seq.

Phrynichus the tragedian, his capture of Milêtus, iv. 309; his Phœnissæ, v. 138, n. 1.

Phrynichus the commander, at Milêtus, vii. 388; and Amorgês, vii. 389 n. 1; and Alkibiadês, viii. 10 seq.; deposition of, viii. 15; and the Four Hundred, viii. 11, 58 seq.; assassination of, viii. 66, 85, n.; decree respecting the memory of, viii. 85.

Phrynon, xi. 370.

Phryxus and Hellê, i. 123 seq.

Phthiôtis and Deukalion, i. 96.

Φύσις, first use of, in the sense of nature, i. 368.

Phyê-Athênê, iv. 104.

Phylarch, Athenian, ii. 461.

Phylê, occupation of, by Thrasybulus, viii. 265.

Phyllidas and the conspiracy against the philo-Laconian oligarchy at Thebes, x. 81 seq.

Physical astronomy thought impious by ancient Greeks, i. 346 n.; science, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 368.

Phytalids, their tale of Dêmêtêr, i. 44.

Phyton, xi. 18 seq.

Pierians, original seat of, iv. 14.

Piété, Monts de, iii. 162.

Πῖλοι of the Lacedæmonians in Sphakteria, vi. 344 n.

Pinarus, Alexander and Darius on the, xii. 118 seq.

Pindar, his treatment of mythes, i. 378 seq.

Pindus, ii. 211 seq.

Piracy in early Greece, ii. 90, 113.

Pisa and Ellis, relations of, ii. 439.

Pisatans and the Olympic games, ii. 318, 434, ix. 228, x. 318 seq.; and Eloians, ii. 434, 439.

Pisatic sovereignty of Pelops, i. 157.

Pisidia, conquest of, by Alexander, xii. 99.

Pissuthnes, vi. 26, 28, ix. 8.

Pitane, iii. 190.

Pittakus, power and merit of, iii. 198 seq.

Plague at Athens, vi. 154 seq.; revival of, vi. 293.

Platæa, and Thebes, disputes between, iv. 166; and Athens, first connection of, iv. 165; battle of, v. 164 seq.; revelation of the victory of, at Mykalê the same day, v. 194; night-surprise of, by the Thebans, vi. 114 seq.; siege of, by Archidamus, vi. 188 seq.; surrender of, to the Lacedæmonians, vi. 264 seq.; restoration of, by Sparta, x. 30 seq.; capture of, by the Thebans, x. 159 seq.

Platæans at Marathon, iv. 248.

Plato, his treatment of mythes, i. 441; on the return of the Hêrakleids, ii. 6; on homicide, ii. 96 n.; his Republic and the Lykurgean institutions, ii. 390; and the Sophists, viii. 345-399; and Xenophon, evidence of, about Sokratês, viii. 403 seq., 444 n., 450 n.; his extension and improvement of the formal logic founded by Sokratês, viii. 429; purpose of his dialogues, viii. 453; incorrect assertions in the Menexenus of, ix. 360 n.; the letters of, x. 435 n. 1; and Dionysius the Elder, xi. 38, 60; and Dion, xi. 39, 57 seq., 69, 84; and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 52, 69-80; Dion, and the Pythagoreans, xi. 56 seq.; statements and advice of, on the condition of Syracuse, xi. 130 seq.; and the kings of Macedonia, xi. 206.

Plausible fiction, i. 435, ii. 51.

Pleistoanax, v. 349, 429 seq.

Plemmyrium, vii. 270, 290 seq.

Plutarch and Lykurgus, ii. 337, 343, 403 seq.; on the ephor Epitadeus, ii. 405; and Herodotus, iv. 202 n., v. 6 n. 2; on Periklês, vi. 172.

Plutarch of Eretria, xi. 340 seq.

Plyntêria, viii. 144.

Podaleirus and Machaôn, i. 180.

Podarkês, birth of, i. 110.

Poems, lost epic, ii. 120; epic, recited in public, not read in private, ii. 135.

Poetry, Greek, transition of, from the mythical past to the positive present, i. 349; epic, ii. 117 seq.; epic, Homeric and Hesiodic, ii. 118; didactic and mystic hexameter, ii. 119; lyric and choric, intended for the ear, ii. 137; Greek, advances of, within a century and a half after Terpander, iv. 77.

Poets inspired by the Muse, i. 355; iambic, elegiac, and lyric, predominance of the present in, i. 363; and logographers, their treatment of mythes, i. 377 seq.; early, chronological evidence of, ii. 45 seq.; epic, and their probable dates, ii. 122; cyclic, ii. 123 seq.; gnomic or moralizing, iv. 91 seq.

Polemarch, Athenian, iii. 74.

Polemarchs, Spartan, ii. 459.

Polemarchus, viii. 248.

Political clubs at Athens, viii. 15.

Politicians, new class of, at Athens, after Periklês, vi. 245 seq.

Pollis, defeat of, by Chabrias, x. 130.

Pollux and Castor, i. 171 seq.

Polyarchus, xi. 154.

Polybiades, x. 68.

Polybius, his transformation of mythes to history, i. 412; perplexing statement of, respecting the war between Sybaris and Kroton, iv. 416; the Greece of, xii. 318.

Polychares, and Euæphnus, ii. 426.

Polydamas of Pharsalus, x. 137 seq.

Polydamas the Macedonian, xii. 197.

Polydamidas, at Mendê, vi. 440 seq.

Polykrates of Samos, iv. 241 seq.

Polykrates the Sophist, harangue of, on the accusation against Sokratês, viii. 478 n.

Polynikes, i. 267, 269 seq., 273, 280.

Polyphron, x. 248.

Polysperchon, appointed by Antipater as his successor, xii. 339; plans of, xii. 340; edict of, at Pella, xii. 343 seq.; Phokion and Agnonides heard before, xii. 351 seq.; and Kassander, xii. 360, 372, 382; flight of, Ætalia, xii. 367.

Polystratus, one of the Four Hundred, viii. 68 n. 1, 69 n., 78, 88.

Polyxena, death of, i. 305.

Polyzelus and Hiero, v. 228.

Pompey in Colchis, i. 243.

Pontic Greeks, xii. 458 seq.

Pontic Herakleia, xii. 460-471.

Pontus and Gæa, children of, i. 7.

Popular belief in ancient mythes, i. 424, 427.

Porus, xii. 227 seq.

Poseidôn, i. 6, 9, 56; prominence of, in Æolid legends, i. 110; Erechtheus, i. 192, 193; and Athênê, i. 195; and Laomedôn, i. 285.

Positive evidence indispensable to historical proof, i. 429.

Positive tendencies of the Greek mind in the time of Herodotus, iv. 105 n.

Post-Homeric poems on the Trojan war, i. 297.

Potidæa and Artabazus, v. 149; relations of, with Corinth and Athens, vi. 67; designs of Perdikkas and the Corinthians upon, vi. 68; revolt of, from Athens, vi. 69 seq.; Athenian victory near, vi. 73; blockade of, by the Athenians, vi. 74, 140, 164, 182; Brasidas’s attempt upon, vi. 150; capture of, by Philip and the Olynthians, xi. 238.

Prasiæ, expedition of Pythodôrus to, vii. 285.

Praxitas, ix. 327 n. 1, 333 seq.

Priam, i. 285, 292 n. 5, 304.

Priene, iii. 172, 178, vi. 26.

Priests, Egyptian, iii. 314.

Primitive and historical Greece, ii. 57-118.

Private property, rights of, at Athens, viii. 304.

Probability alone not sufficient for historical proof, i. 429.

Pro-Bouleutic Senate, Solon’s, iii. 121.

Probûli, board of, vii. 362.

Prodikus, viii. 370, 380 seq.

Prœtos and his daughters, i. 88 seq.

Proknê, i. 197 seq.

Prokris, i. 198.

Promêtheus, i. 6; and Zeus, i. 63, 76, 79 seq.; and Pandora, i. 75; and Epimêtheus, i. 75; Æschylus’s, i. 382 n. 3.

Property, rights of, at Athens, iii. 106, 114 seq.

Prophecies, Sibylline, i. 338.

Propontis, Phokion in, xi. 460.

Propylæa, building of, vi. 21, 23 n. 4.

Prose writing among the Greeks, iv. 97.

Protagoras, viii. 376, 379 seq., 389 seq., 392 n.

Protesilaus, i. 290, v. 201.

Prothoüs, x. 176.

Proxenus of Tegea, x. 209.

Prytaneium, Solon’s regulations about, iii. 143.

Prytanes, iv. 138.

Prytanies, iv. 138.

Prytanis, xii. 485.

Psammenitus, iv. 219.

Psammetichus I., iii. 325 seq.

Psammetichus and Tamos, x. 13.

Psammis, iii. 333.

Psephism, Demophantus’s democratical, viii. 81.

Psephisms and laws, distinction between, v. 373.

Psyttaleia, Persian troops in, v. 128, 136.

Ptolemy of Alôrus, x. 249, 250; and Pelopidas, x. 263; assassination of, x. 300.

Ptolemy of Egypt, attack of Perdikkas on, xii. 335; alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus and Seleukus against Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387; proclamations of, to the Greeks, xii. 369; Lysimachus and Kassander, pacification of, with Antigonus, xii. 371; in Greece, xii. 373.

Ptolemy, nephew of Antigonus, xii. 370.

Public speaking, its early origin and intellectual effects, ii. 77 seq.

Punjab, Alexander’s conquests in the, xii. 227 seq.

Purification for homicide, i. 25, 26.

Pydna, siege of, by Archestratus, vi. 70; siege of, by Archelaus, viii. 118; and Philip, xi. 236, 237.

Pylæ, in Babylonia, ix. 36 n. 2., 43 n.

Pylagoræ, ii. 247.

Pylians, ii. 12, 335.

Pylus, attack of Hêraklês on, i. 110; long independence of, ii. 331 n. 2; occupation and fortification of, by the Athenians, vi. 317 seq.; armistice concluded at, vi. 324, 332; Kleon’s expedition to, vi. 365 seq.; cession of, demanded by the Lacedæmonians, vii. 29; helots brought back to, by the Athenians, vii. 70; recapture of, by the Lacedæmonians, viii. 131.

Pyramids, Egyptian, iii. 321.

Pyrrha and Deukaliôn, i. 96.

Pyrrho and Sokratês, viii. 489 n.

Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, i. 188.

Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, and Antipater, son of Kassander, xii. 389.

Pythagoras, the philosopher, i. 367 seq., iv. 390-411, 416.

Pythagoras, the Ephesian despot, iii. 182.

Pythagorean order, iv. 395, 403 seq., 416.

Pythagoreans, logical distinction of genera and species unknown to, viii. 427 n. 2; Plato, and Dion, xi. 57 seq.

Pytheas, xii. 457.

Pythia, the, at Delphi, and Philomelus, xi. 250.

Pythian Apollo, i. 47.

Pythian games, ii. 240, 243, iv. 58, 63 seq., iv. 65, x. 137 n. 1, 195, xi. 428.

Pythius, the Phrygian, v. 27.

Pythodôrus, vii. 133, 139, 285.

Python, mission of, to Athens, xi. 446.

Pythonikus, vii. 175, 197.

Q.

Quadriremes, x. 479.

Quinqueremes, v. 47 n. 2, x. 479.

R.

Races of men in “Works and Days”, i. 64 seq.

Religious ceremonies a source of mythes, i. 62, 63, 451 seq.; views paramount in the Homeric age, i. 357; views, opposition of, to scientific, among the Greeks, i. 358, 370 seq.; festivals, Grecian, iv. 53, 67 seq., xi. 353; associations, effect of, on early Grecian art, iv. 99.

Reply to criticisms on the first two volumes of this history, i. 408 n.

Rhadamanthus and Minôs, i. 219.

Rhapsodes, ii. 129, 137 seq.

Rhea, i. 5, 6.

Rhegians and Tarentines, expedition of, against the Iapygians, v. 238.

Rhegium, iii. 383; the chorus sent from Messênê to, iv. 53 n. 1; and Athens, vii. 128 n. 3; the Athenian fleet near, B. C. 425, vii. 134; progress of the Athenian armament for Sicily to, vii. 181; discouragement of the Athenians at, vii. 190; relations of, with Dionysius, B. C. 399, x. 474 seq.; and Dionysius, xi. 5, 71, 11, 16 seq.; and Dionysius the Younger, xi. 133; Timoleon at, xi. 144 seq.

Rhetoric, v. 402, viii. 335, 339, 346 seq.

Rhetors and sophists, v. 402 seq.

Rhetra, the primitive constitutional, ii. 344 n. 2, 345 n. 2.

Rhetræ, the Three Lykurgean, ii. 355 n. 3.

Rhienus and the second Messenian war, ii. 430.

Rhium, Phormio in the Gulf at, vi. 196 seq.

Rhodes, founder of, ii. 30; dikasteries at, v. 384 n. 2; and the Olympic games, vii. 52 n. 4; the Peloponnesian fleet at, vii. 399, 400 seq., viii. 94, ix. 368, 373; Dorieus at, viii. 116; revolt of, from Sparta, ix. 271; revolt of, from Athens, xi. 220 seq.; siege of, by Demetrius Poliorketes, xii. 381.

Rhodians and the battle of Chæroneia, xi. 504.

Rhodôpis, iii. 337 n. 2.

Rhœkus of Samos, iv. 100.

Rhœsakes, xii. 84.

Rites, post-Homeric, i. 27, 28; ecstatic, i. 30 seq.

Rivers, mythical personages identified with, i. 342 n. 2; of Greece, ii. 217.

Robbery, violent, how regarded in Greece and Europe, ii. 111 n. 2.

Romances of chivalry, i. 475, ii. 156 n. 2.

Roman kings, authority of, ii. 68 n. 3.

Roman law of debtor and creditor, iii. 159 seq.

Romans, respect of, for Illium, i. 327; belief of, with regard to earthquakesi. 400 n.; dislike of, to paijudicial pleading, viii. 361 n. 2; embassy from, to Alexander, xii. 248 n. 2; Livy’s opinion as to the chances of Alexander, if he had attacked the, xii. 260.

Rome, reduction of the rate of interest at, iii. 112 n. 1; debasement of coin at, iii. 114; new tables at, iii. 115 n. 2; law of debtor and creditor at, iii. 159 seq.; political associations at, viii, 16 n. 2; and Carthage, treaties between, x. 392 n.

Roxana, xii. 214, 215, 319, 333, 367, 371.

S.

Sacred games, Solon’s rewards to victors at, iii. 141; objects, Greek view of material connection with, iii. 84 n. 1., 260.

Sacred War, the first, iv. 63 seq., v. 346; the second, xi. 241 seq., 374, 421 seq.; position of Philip after the second, xi. 434; the third, xi. 467.

Sacrifices, i. 62; human, in Greece, i. 126 seq.

Sacrilege, French legislation upon, vii. 212 n.

Sadyattês, iii. 253.

Saga, the, Ampère on, i. 357 n.

Sage, a universal manifestation of the human mind, i. 461.

Sagen-poesie, applied as a standard to the Iliad and Odyssey, ii. 162.

Sagra, date of the battle at, iv. 411 n. 2.

Saints, legends of, i. 469 seq.

Sakadas, iv. 89.

Salæthus, vi. 237 seq.

Salamis, the serpent of, i. 186; war between Athens and Megara about, iii. 98 seq.; retreat of the Greek fleet from Artemisium to, v. 102, 107; the battle of, v. 104-147; Persian and Greek fleets after the battle of, v. 147; migration of Athenians to, on Mardonius’s approach, v. 154; seizure of prisoners at, by the Thirty Tyrants at Athens, viii. 267.

Salamis in Cyprus, i. 189, x. 14 seq.

Salmoneus, i. 108.

Samian exiles, application of, to Sparta, iv. 242; attack of, on Siphnos, iv. 244; at Zanklê, v. 211.

Samians and Athenians, contrast between, iv. 247; slaughter of, by Otanês, iv. 249; at Ladê, iv. 304; migration of, to Sicily, iv. 305; transfer of the fund of the confederacy from Delos to Athens proposed by, v. 343; application of, to Sparta for aid against Athens, vi. 29.

Samnites, xi. 8.

Samos, foundation of, iii. 173; condition of, on the accession of Darius Hystaspês, iv. 240; Lacedæmonians and Polykratês at, iv. 243; Persian armament under Datis at, iv. 329; Persian fleet at, after the battle of Salamis, v. 147, 192; Greek fleet moves to the rescue of, from the Persians, v. 192; an autonomous ally of Athens, vi. 2; revolt of, from the Athenians, vi. 25 seq., 29; and Milêtus, dispute between, about Priênê, vi. 26; Athenian armament against, under Periklês, Sophoklês, etc., vi. 27 seq.; blockaded, vi. 28; government of, after its capture by Periklês, vi. 30; democratical revolution at, vii. 377 seq.; powerful Athenian fleet at, B. C. 412, vii. 386; oligarchical conspiracy at, viii. 7 seq., 25 seq.; embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 44, 52 seq., 55; Athenian democracy reconstituted at, viii. 46 seq.; the Athenian democracy at, and Alkibiadês, viii. 49 seq.; eagerness of the Athenian democracy at, to sail to Peiræus, viii. 52, 54; envoys from Argosto the Athenian Demos at, viii. 57; Athenian democracy at, contrasted with the oligarchy of the Four Hundred, viii. 92 seq.; Strombichidês’s arrival at, from the Hellespont, viii. 96; Alkibiadês’s return from Aspendus to, viii. 115; Alkibiadês sails from, to the Hellespont, viii. 116; Alkibiadês at, B. C. 407, viii. 155; Alkibiadês leaves Antiochus in command at, viii. 153; dissatisfaction of the armament at, with Alkibiadês, viii. 154; Konon at, viii. 160; Lysander at, viii. 223, 237; conquest of, by Timotheus, x. 294, 297 n. 2.

Samothracians, exploit of, at Salamis, v. 135.

Sangala, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 231.

Sapphô, i. 363, iv. 90 seq.

Sardinia, proposition of Bias for a Pan-Ionic emigration to, iv. 207.

Sardis, iii. 220; capture of, by Cyrus, iv. 192; march of Aristagoras to, and burning of, iv. 290; march of Xerxes to, and collection of his forces at, v. 14; march of Xerxes from, v. 27; retirement of the Persian army to, after their defeat at Mykalê, v. 198; Alkibiadês’s imprisonment at, and escape from, viii. 119, 120; forces of Cyrus the Younger collected at, ix. 8; march of Cyrus the Younger from, to Kunaxa, ix. 11 seq.; victory of Agesilaus near, ix. 267; surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 89.

Sarissa, xii. 57, 101 seq.

Sarmatians, iii. 243.

Sarpêdôn, i. 219.

Sataspes, iii. 285, 288 n.

Satrapies of Darius Hystaspes, iv. 235 seq.

Satraps under Darius Hystaspes, discontents of, iv. 226 seq.; of Alexander, xii. 239 seq.

Satyrus of Herakleia, xii. 564.

Satyrus I. of Bosporus, xi. 264 n. 1, xii. 481.

Satyrus the actor, xi. 270, 364.

Satyrus II. of Bosporus, xii. 484.

Saxo Grammaticus and Snorro Sturleson contrasted with Pherekydes and Hellanikus, i. 468.

Scales Æginæan and Euboic, ii. 319 seq., 325; Æginæan, Euboic and Attic, iii. 171.

Scandinavian mythical genealogies, i. 465 n. 3; and Teutonic epic, i. 479 seq.

Scardus, ii. 212.

Science, physical, commencement of, among the Greeks, i. 367.

Scientific views, opposition of, to religions, among the Greeks, i. 359-370 seq.

Scission between the superior men and the multitude among the Greeks, i. 375.

Sculpture at Athens, under Periklês, vi. 22.

Scurrility at festivals, iv. 80 n. 2.

Scylla, i. 1, 221.

Scythia, iii. 235; Darius’s invasion of, iv. 263 seq.

Scythians, iii. 233 seq., xii. 475; invasion of Asia Minor and Upper Asia by, iii. 245 seq.; strong impression produced by, upon Herodotus’s imagination, iv. 268; attack of Philip on, xi. 462; and Alexander, xii. 206, 214.

Secession of the mythical races of Greece, ii. 19.

Seisachtheia, or debtors’ relief-law of Solon, iii. 99 seq.

Selene, i. 6, 346 n.

Seleukus, alliance of, with Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy against Antigonus, xii. 367, 372, 383, 387; Kassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, pacification of, with Antigonus, xii. 371; and the Pontic Hêrakleia, xii. 470; death of, xii. 470.

Selinuntines, defeat of, by the Egestæans and Carthaginians, x. 404.

Selinus, iii. 367; and Egesta, vii. 145, x. 401, 404; application of, to Syracuse, x. 404; capture of, by Hannibal, x. 405 seq.; abandonment of, by the rest of Sicily, x. 408; Hermokrates at, x. 417.

Selli, ii. 268.

Selymbria, viii. 126, 133, xi. 455 n. 3.

Selymbris, iv. 27.

Semele, i. 259.

Semi-historical interpretation of ancient mythes, i. 433.

Senate and Agora subordinate in legendary, paramount in historical Greece, ii. 76; Spartan, ii. 345, 357; of Areopagus, iii. 73; powers of, enlarged by Solon, iii. 122; of Four Hundred, Solon’s, iii. 121; of Five Hundred, iv. 137; at Athens, expulsion of, by the Four Hundred, viii. 39.

Senators, addition to the oath of Athenian, viii. 298.

Sentiment, mingled ethical and mythical, in “Works and Days”, i. 69 seq.

Sepias Akte, Xerxes’s fleet at, v. 83 seq.

Servitude, temporary, of the gods, i. 57, 113 n. 2.

Sestos, capture of, B. C. 479, v. 202 seq.; escape of the Athenian squadron from, to Elæus, viii. 105; Derkyllidas at, ix. 320; capture of, by Kotys, x. 373; surrender of, to Athens, B. C. 358, x. 379 n.; conquest of, by Chares, xi. 257.

Seuthes, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 154, 169 seq.

Seven chiefs against Thebes, the, i. 274.

Seven wise men of Greece, iv. 95 seq.

Sibyl, the Erythræan, i. 28.

Sibylline prophecies, i. 28, 338.

Sicilian Greeks, prosperity of, between B. C. 735 and 485, iii. 367 seq.; Greeks, peculiarity of their monetary and statical scale, iii. 369; comedy, iii. 373; Greeks, early governments of, v. 206; Greeks, and Phenicians, v. 207; cities, B. C. 431, vii. 127, 131; and Italian Dorians, aid expected from, by Sparta, vii. 129; cities, general peace between, B. C. 424, vii. 138; aid to Syracuse, B. C. 413, vii. 295.

Sicily, Phenicians and Greeks in, iii. 276; ante-Hellenic population of, iii. 350, 361, 372; and Italy, early languages and history of, iii. 354 n.; and Italy, date of earliest Grecian colony in, iii. 356; rapid multiplication of Grecian colonies in, after B. C. 735, iii. 360; the voyage from Greece to, iii. 361; spot where the Greeks first landed in, iii. 361; Megarian, iii. 365; subcolonies from, iii. 366; Sikel or Sikan caverns in, iii. 368 n.; mixed population of, iii. 369; difference between Greeks in, and those in Greece Proper, iii. 372; despots in, about B. C. 500, v. 204; Carthaginian invasion of, B. C. 480, v. 220; expulsion of despots from, B. C. 465, v. 233; after the expulsion of the despots, B. C. 465, v. 234, 236 seq., vii. 118; return of Duketius to, vii. 122; intellectual movement in, between B. C. 461-416, vii. 127; relations of, to Athens and Sparta, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129; Dorians attack the Ionians in, about B. C. 427, vii. 131; Ionic cities in, solicit aid from Athens, against the Dorians, B. C. 427, vii. 132; Athenian expedition to, B. C. 427, vii. 133; Athenian expedition to, B. C. 425, vii. 133; Athenian expedition to, B. C. 422, vii. 142; Athenian expedition to, B. C. 415, vii. 148-162, 179-191, 217-278; Athenian expedition to, B. C. 413, vii. 279-287, 288-353; effect of the Athenian disaster in, upon all Greeks, vii. 363; intervention of Carthage in, B. C. 410, x. 401 seq.; invasion of, by Hannibal, B. C. 409, x. 405 seq.; abandonment of Selinus by the Hellenic cities of, B. C. 409, x. 408; Hannibal’s return from, B. C. 409, x. 415; return of Hermokrates to, x. 415; invasion of, by Hannibal and Imilkon, x. 422 seq.; southern, depressed condition of, B. C. 405, x. 457; expedition of Dionysius against the Carthaginians in, x. 483 seq.; frequency of pestilence among the Carthaginians in, xi. 1; Dionysius’s conquests in the interior of, B. C. 394, xi. 4; condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 130; voyage of Timoleon to, xi. 143 seq.; invasion of, by the Carthaginians, B. C. 340, xi. 170; Timoleon in, xi. 170-195; expedition to, under Giskon, xi. 180; Agathokles in, xii. 439 seq.; ceases to be under Hellenic agency after Agathokles, xii. 451.

Sidon, iii. 265; conquest of, by Darius Nothus, xi. 438; surrender of, to Alexander, xii. 130.

Sidus, capture of, by the Lacedæmonians, ix. 335; recovery of, by Iphikrates, ix. 353.

Siege of Troy, i. 284-306.

Sigeium, Mitylenæan at, i. 339; and Peisistratus, iv. 117.

Sikans, iii. 349, 351 n. 3, 369.

Sikel prince, Duketius, iii. 374.

Sikels, iii. 349; in Italy, iii. 351, 375; migration of, from Italy to Sicily, iii. 353 n. 2; in Sicily, iii. 367, x. 494, xi. 5, 6.

Sikinnus, v. 126, 140, 313 n. 2.

Sikyôn, origin of, i. 120 seq.; early condition of, iii. 4; despots at, iii. 32 seq., 38; classes of people at, iii. 35; names of Dorion and non-Dorion tribes at, iii. 34, 37; Corinth, and Megara, analogy of, iii. 47; Athenian attacks upon, v. 332; Spartan and Argeian expedition against, vii. 97; desertion of, from Sparta to Thebes, x. 257; intestine dissensions at, B. C. 367-366, x. 269 seq.; Euphron at, x. 269 seq., 272, 273.

Silanus the prophet, ix. 40, 133 seq.

Silphium, iv. 33.

Silver race, the, i. 65.

Simon, i. 304.

Simonidês of Keôs, epigram of, on the battle of Thermopylæ, v. 104; mediation of, between Hiero and Thero, v. 227.

Simonidês of Amorgus, poetry of, i. 463, iv. 73, 82.

Sinôpe and the Amazons, i. 212 n. 3; date of the foundation of, iii. 249 n. 3; Perikles’s expedition to, vi. 10; and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 129 seq., 144; long independence of, xii. 459; envoys from with Darius, xii. 459.

Siphnus, iii. 166; attack of Samian exiles on, iv. 244.

Sirens, the, i. 1.

Siris, or Herakleia, iii. 384.

Sisygambis, xii. 124, 164, 171.

Sisyphus, i. 118 seq.

Sitalkes, vi. 141, 215 seq.

Sithonia, iv. 24, 25.

Sittake, the Ten Thousand Greeks at, ix. 65.

Skalds, Icelandic, songs of, ii. 150 n. 2, ii. 157 n.

Skedasus, x. 178.

Skepsis, Derkyllidas at, ix. 213.

Skillus, Xenophon at, ix. 176 seq.

Skiône, revolt of, from Athens to Brasidas, vi. 435 seq.; dispute about, after the One year’s truce between Athens and Sparta, vi. 437; blockade of, by the Athenians, B. C. 423, vi. 442; capture of, by the Athenians, B. C. 421, vii. 22.

Skiritæ, vii. 80, 84, x. 233.

Skylax, iv. 237, 283, x. 227 n. 6.

Skyllêtium, iii. 384.

Skyros, conquest of, by Kimon, v. 303.

Skytalism at Argos, x. 200 seq.

Skythês of Zanklê, v. 211 seq.

Skythini, and the Ten Thousand Greeks, ix. 110.

Slavery of debtors in Attica before Solon, iii. 94.

Slaves in legendary Greece, ii. 97 seq.

Smerdis, iv. 221 seq.

Sminthian Apollo, i. 50, 337.

Smyrna, iii. 182, 189.

Social War, xi. 220, 231.

Socratic philosophers, their unjust condemnation of rhapsodes, ii. 139.

Socratici viri, viii. 403 n.

Sogdian rock, capture of, by Alexander, xii. 214.

Sogdiana, Alexander in, xii. 202 seq., 207.

Sôkratês, his treatment of the discrepancy between scientific and religious views, i. 370; treatment of, by the Athenians, i. 374 seq.; alleged impiety of, attacked by Aristophanês, i. 401 n.; and the sophists, v. 404, vii. 35 n. 2; viii. 387 n., 400, 441 n.; at the battle of Delium, vi. 396; and Alkibiadês, vii. 35 seq.; and Kritias, vii. 35 seq.; at the Athenian assembly, on the generals at Arginusæ, vii. 200; and the Thirty, viii. 244, 257; and Parmenidês, viii. 346 n.; dislike of, to teaching for pay, viii. 342; life, character, philosophy, teaching, and death of, viii. 400-496.

Solemnities and games, i. 106.

Soli in Cyprus, iii. 148.

Sollium, Athenian capture of, vi. 135.

Soloeis, Cape, iii. 272 n. 2.

Solon and the Iliad, ii. 152 n. 2; civil condition of Attica before, iii. 48; life, character, laws, and constitution of, iii. 88-159.

Sophokles, his Œdipus, i. 270; his treatment of mythes, i. 379 seq., 385; Periklês, etc., Athenian armament under, against Samos, vi. 27 seq.; number of tragedies by, viii. 319 n.; Æschylus and Euripidês, viii. 332; and Herodotus, viii. 323 n. 2.

Sophokles and Eurymedon, expeditions of, to Sicily and Korkyra, vi. 313 seq., 357 seq., vii. 133, 136, 139.

Sôsis, xi. 104.

Sosistratus, xii. 394, 388, 405.

Sothiac period and Manetho, iii. 340 seq.

Sparta and Mykênæ, i. 165 seq.; occupation of, by the Dorians, ii. 311, 326 seq., 360; and the disunion of Greek towns, ii. 259; not strictly a city, ii. 261; inferior to Argos and neighboring Dorians, B. C. 776, ii. 307, 312; first historical view of, ii. 323; not the perfect Dorian type, ii. 341; pair of kings at, ii. 349; classification of the population at, ii. 348 seq.; syssitia and public training at, ii. 380 seq.; partition of lands at, ascribed to Lykurgus, ii. 393-415; progressive increase of, ii. 417; and Lepreum, ii. 440; Argos, and Arcadia, relations of, ii. 443 n. 2; and Mantinea, ii. 444; and Arcadia, ii. 445 seq.; and Tegea, ii. 446 seq.; bones of Orestês taken to, ii. 447; acquisitions of, towards Argos, ii. 450 seq.; extensive possessions and power of by, B. C. 540, ii. 453 seq.; military institutions of, ii. 456 seq.; recognized superiority of, ii. 461, iv. 242, 318; peculiar government of, iii. 6; alleged intervention of, with the Nemean and Isthmian games, iv. 66 n.; exclusive character of her festivals, iv. 69; musical and poetical tendencies at, iv. 83 seq., 86 n. 1; choric training at, iv. 84 seq.; first appearance of, as head of Peloponnesian allies, iv. 169, 174 seq.; preparations at, for attacking Athens, after the failure of Kleomenês, iv. 173 seq.; and Crœsus, iv. 190; and Asiatic Greeks, iv. 199, iv. 207, 208; and Samian exiles, iv. 242; and Aristagoras, iv. 287 seq.; treatment of Darius’s herald at, iv. 317; appeal of Athenians to, against the Medism of Ægina, iv. 318; war of, against Argos, B. C. 496-5, iv. 320 seq.; no heralds sent from Xerxes to, v. 57; Pan-Hellenic congress convened by, at the Isthmus of Corinth, v. 57 seq.; leaves Athens undefended against Mardonius, v. 153 seq.; headship of the allied Greeks transferred from, to Athens, v. 261 seq.; and Athens, first open separation between, v. 263, 265 seq., 290; secret promise of, to the Thasians, to invade Attica, v. 312; restores the supremacy of Thebes in Bœotia, v. 313, 331; and the rest of Peloponnesus, between B. C. 477-457, v. 314; earthquake and revolt of Helots at, B. C. 464, v. 315 seq.; Athenian auxiliaries to, against the Helots, v. 316 seq.; Athenians renounce the alliance of, B. C. 464, v. 319; and Athens, five years’ truce between, v. 334; and Delphi, B. C. 452-447, v. 346; and Athens, thirty years’ truce between, v. 350; application of Samians to, vi. 29; imperial, compared with imperial Athens, vi. 39, ix. 187 seq.; and her subject-allies, vi. 41; and Athens, confederacies of, vi. 46; promise of, to the Potidæans, to invade Attica, vi. 69; application of the Lesbians to, vi. 76; assembly at, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 78 seq.; relations of, with her allies, vi. 79; congress of allies at, B. C. 432, vi. 92 seq.; requisitions addressed to Athens by, B. C. 431, vi. 97 seq., 105 seq.; efforts of, to raise a naval force on commencing the Peloponnesian war, vi. 125; and the Mitylenæans, vi. 226 seq.; despatches from Artaxerxes to, vi. 360 seq.; and Athens one year’s truce between, B. C. 423, vi. 437 seq., 453, 457 seq.; and the Peace of Nikias, vii. 2, 9; and Argos, uncertain relations between, B. C. 421, vii. 3; and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 421, vii. 5; revolt of Elis from, vii. 17 seq.; congress at, B. C. 421, vii. 24; and Bœotia, alliance between, B. C. 420, vii. 26; and Argos, fifty years’ peace between, vii. 28 seq.; embassy of Nikias to, vii. 44; and Athens, relations between, B. C. 419, vii. 70; and the battle of Mantinea, B. C. 418, vii. 86; and Argos, peace and alliance between, B. C. 418, vii. 92 seq.; submission of Mantinea to, vii. 95; and Athens, relations between, B. C. 416, vii. 103; and Sicily, relations of, altered by the quarrel between Corinth and Korkyra, vii. 129; aid expected from the Sicilian Dorians by, B. C. 431, vii. 130; embassy from Syracuse and Corinth to, B. C. 415, vii. 235 seq.; Alkibiadês at, vii. 236 seq., viii. 2; and Athens, violation of the peace between, B. C. 414, vii. 285; resolution of, to fortify Dekeleia and send a force to Syracuse, B. C. 414, vii. 286; application from Chios to, vii. 365; embassy from Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus to, vii. 366; embassy from the Four Hundred to, viii. 63, 84; proposals of peace from, to Athens, B. C. 410, viii. 122 seq.; alleged proposals of peace from, to Athens, after the battle of Argenusæ, viii. 210; first proposals of Athens to, after the battle of Ægospotami, viii. 226; embassies of Theramenês to, viii. 227, 228; assembly of the Peloponnesian confederacy at, B. C. 404, viii. 228; terms of peace granted to Athens by, B. C. 404, viii. 229; triumphant return of Lysander to, viii. 238; and her allies, after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 259; oppressive dominion of after the capture of Athens by Lysander, viii. 260; opposition to Lysander at, viii. 262; pacification by, between the Ten at Athens and the exiles at Peiræus, viii. 278; empire of, contrasted with her promises of liberty, ix. 191 seq.; change in the language and plans of, towards the close of the Peloponnesian war, ix. 194; and the Thirty at Athens, ix. 197; opportunity lost by, for organizing a stable confederacy throughout Greece, ix. 199 seq.; alienation of the allies of, after the battle of Ægospotami, ix. 223 seq.; and Elis, war between, ix. 225 seq.; refuses to restore the Olympic presidency to the Pisatans, ix. 229; expels the Messenians from Peloponnesus, ix. 229; introduction of gold and silver to, by Lysander, ix. 230 seq.; in B. C. 432 and after B. C. 404, contrast between, ix. 232; position of kings at, ix. 238 seq.; conspiracy of Kinadon at, ix. 247 seq.; Persian preparations for maritime war against, B. C. 397, ix. 255, 270; revolt of Rhodes from, ix. 271; relations of, with her neighbors and allies, after the accession of Agesilaus, ix. 284; and Hêrakleia Trachynia, ix. 285, 302; and Timokrates, ix. 286 seq.; and Thebes, war between, B. C. 395, ix. 289 seq.; alliance of Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos against, ix. 301; proceedings of, against Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos, ix. 303, 305 seq.; consequences of the battles of Corinth, Knidus, and Korôneia to, ix. 317 seq.; hostility of, to partial land confederacies in Greece, ix. 361; congress at, on the peace of Antalkidas, ix. 386; and the peace of Antalkidas, x. 2 seq., 9 seq., 28; applications of, for Persian aid, x. 5 seq.; and Persia after the battle of Ægospotami, x. 8; and Grecian autonomy, x. 11 seq., 28; miso-Theban proceedings of, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 28 seq.; restores Platæa, x. 30 seq.; oppressive conduct of towards Mantinea, B. C. 386, x. 35 seq.; mischievous influence of, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 40 seq.; naval competition of Athens with, after the peace of Antalkidas, x. 42 seq.; and the Olynthian confederacy, x. 52 seq., 57, 65 seq.; and the surprise of Thebes by Phœbidas, x. 61 seq.; and Phlius, x. 70; ascendency and unpopularity of, B. C. 379, x. 72 seq.; Xenophon on the conduct of, between B. C. 387-379, x. 77; effect of the revolution at Thebes, B. C. 379, on, x. 93; trial of Sphodrias at, x. 100 seq.; war declared by Athens against, B. C. 378, x. 102; separate peace of Athens with, B. C. 374, x. 137, 141; and Polydamas, x. 137 seq.; decline of the power of, between B. C. 382-374, x. 140; discouragement of, by her defeat at Korkyra and by earthquakes, B. C. 372, x. 157; disposition of Athens to peace with, B. C. 372, x. 158, 165; general peace settled at, B. C. 371, x. 165 seq., 174, 198; effect of the news of the defeat at Leuktra on, x. 186; and Athens, difference between in passive endurance and active energy, x. 188; reinforcements from, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 188; treatment of defeated citizens on their return from Leuktra, x. 192 seq.; and Thebes, alleged arbitration of the Achæans between, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 199 n.; position of, after the battle of Leuktra, x. 201; and the Amphiktyonic assembly, x. 202 seq., xi. 242; feeling against Agesilaus at, B. C. 371, x. 207; hostile approaches of Epaminondas to, x. 218 seq., 330 seq.; abstraction of Western Laconia from, x. 226 seq.; application of, to Athens for aid against Thebes, B. C. 369, x. 234 seq.; and Athens, alliance between, B. C. 369, x. 253; reinforcement from Syracuse in aid of, x. 258; peace of her allies with Thebes, x. 290 seq.; alliance of Elis and Achaia with, B. C. 365, x. 313; and Dionysius, x. 457, 505, xi. 22; degradation of, B. C. 360-359, xi. 197 seq.; countenance of the Phokians by, B. C. 353, xi. 262; plans of, against Megalopolis and Messênê, B. C. 353, ix. 263, 290; decline in military readiness among the Peloponnesian allies of, after the Peloponnesian war, xi. 280; ineffectual campaign of, against Megalopolis, xi. 299 seq.; envoys from, to Philip, xi. 405, 409; envoys from, with Darius, xii. 189; anti-Macedonian policy of, after Alexander’s death, xii. 281 seq.

Spartan kings, ii. 11, 76, 353 seq.; senate, assembly, and ephors, ii. 349 seq.; popular assembly, ii. 357; constitution, ii. 359 seq.; government, secrecy of, ii. 378; discipline, ii. 381 seq.; women, ii. 383 seq.; law and practice of succession, erroneous suppositions about, ii. 409 seq.; arbitration of the dispute between Athens and Megan about Salamis, iii. 92; expeditions against Hippias, iv. 122; empire, commencement of, ix. 181, 184 seq., 188 seq.; empire, Theopompus on, ix. 195 n.; allies at the battle of Leuktra, x. 182.

Spartans, and Pheidôn, ii. 318; and Messenians, early proceedings of, ii. 329; local distinctions among, ii. 361; the class of, ii. 361 seq.; and Helots, ii. 373 seq.; marriage among, ii. 385; their ignorance of letters, ii. 390 n. 3; musical susceptibilities of, ii. 433; and the second Messenian war, ii. 434, 437; careful training of, when other states had none, ii. 455; and the battle of Marathon, iv. 342, 358; unwillingness of, to postpone or neglect festivals, v. 77; at Platæa, v. 157, 166 seq.; and the continental Ionians after the battle of Mykalê, v. 193; and the fortification of Athens, v. 243 seq.; favorable answer of the oracle at Delphi to, on war with Athens, B. C. 432, vi. 91; final answer of the Athenians to, before the Peloponnesian war, vi. 106; their desire for peace, to regain the captives from Sphakteria, vi. 428 seq.; and Thebans, at the battle of Korôneia, ix. 317; project of, for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks, x. 44; miso-Theban impulse of, B. C. 371, x. 175; confidence and defeat of, at Leuktra, x. 179 seq.; retirement of, from Bœotia after the battle of Leuktra, x. 190; refusal of, to acknowledge the independence of Messênê, x. 290, 350; and Dion, xi. 61.

Sparti, i. 259, 261.

Spartokidæ, xii. 479 seq.

Speaking, public, its early origin and intellectual effects, ii. 77 seq.

Sperthiês and Bulis, vi. 182 n.

Speusippus, indictment of, by Leogoras, vii. 206 n. 3.

Sphakteria, locality of, vi. 314; occupation of, by the Lacedæmonians, vi. 320, 346; blockade of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 324, 332 seq.; Lacedæmonian embassy to Athens for the release of the prisoners in, vi. 324 seq.; Demosthenês’s application for reinforcements to attack, vi. 334 seq.; condition of, on the attack by Demosthenês and Kleon, vi. 340; victory of Demosthenês and Kleon over Lacedæmonians in, vi. 341 seq.; surrender of Lacedæmonians in, vi. 345 seq.; arrival of prisoners from, at Athens, vi. 351; restoration of prisoners taken at, vii. 6 seq.; disfranchisement of restored prisoners from, vii. 22.

Sphendaleis, Attic deme of, v. 158 n. 2.

Sphinx, the, i. 7, 266.

Spodrias, attempt of, to surprise Peiræus, x. 98 seq.

Spitamenes, xii. 207, 213, 214.

Spithridates, and the Lacedæmonians, ix. 260, 274 seq.

Stables, the Augean, i. 139.

Stageira, iv. 25.

Standard of historical evidence raised with regard to England, but not with regard to Greece, i. 484.

Stasippus, x. 209.

Statira, xii. 124, 154, 241.

Statues, Greek, identified with the beings they represented, i. 460.

Stenyklêrus, Dorians of, ii. 328.

Steropês, i. 5.

Stesichorus, the lyric poet, and Helen, i. 307 seq.; dialect of, iv. 78 seq.

Stesiklês, x. 144, 147 n.

Sthenelaïdas, the ephor, vi. 90 seq.

Story of striking off the overtopping ears of corn, iii. 24 n.

Strabo on the Amazons, i. 214; his version of the Argonautic expedition, i. 255; on Old and New Ilium, i. 329 seq.; his transformation of mythes to history, i. 413.

Strangers, supplication of, ii. 79 n.; reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.

Stratêgi, Kleisthenean, iv. 136; enlarged functions of Athenian, after the Persian war, v. 276.

Stratolas, x. 320.

Stratus, attack of Peloponnesians, Ambrakiots and Epirots upon, B. C. 429, vi. 194.

Strelitzes, suppression of the revolt of, by Peter the Great, iv. 232 n. 3.

Strombichidês, pursuit of Chalkideus and Alkibiadês by, vii. 371; expedition of, to Chios, vii. 374, 390, 392; removal of, from Chios to the Hellespont, viii. 94; arrival of, at Samos, from the Hellespont, viii. 95; and other Athenian democrats, imprisonment of, viii. 236; trial and execution of, viii. 240 seq.

Strophê, introduction of, iv. 89.

Struthas, victory of, over Thimbron, ix. 362.

Strymôn, Greek settlements east of, in Thrace, iv. 25; Xerxes’s bridges across the, v. 25.

Styx, i. 7, 8.

Styx, rocks near, ii. 301 n.

Subterranean, course of rivers in Greece, ii. 219.

Succession, Solon’s laws of, iii. 139.

Suli, iii. 418.

Suppliants, reception of, in legendary Greece, ii. 85.

Supplication of strangers, ii. 79 n.

Susa, sum found in by Alexander the Great, iv. 236 n.; Pharnabazus conveys Greek escorts towards, viii. 135; Alexander at, xii. 168, 238; Alexander’s march from, to Persepolis, xii. 246 seq.

Susia, xii. 189.

Susian Gates, Alexander at, xii. 171.

Syagrus, reply of, to Gelôn, i. 167.

Sybaris, foundation, territory and colonies of, iii. 376 seq.; fall of, iii. 392, 399, iv. 413 seq.; maximum power of, iii. 394 seq.; and Krotôn, war between, iv. 412.

Sybarites, character of, iii. 394 seq.; defeat of, by the Krotoniates, iv. 413; descendants of, at Thurii, vi. 13.

“Sybaritic tales”, iii. 394.

Syennesis of Kilikia, and Cyrus the Younger, ix. 18.

Sylosôn, iv. 248 seq.

Symmories at Athens, x. 117 seq.; speech of Demosthenês on the, xi. 285 seq.

Symplêgades, the, i. 235.

Syntagma, Macedonian, xii. 60.

Syracusan assembly, on the approaching Athenian expedition, B. C. 415, vii. 183 seq.; ships, improvements in, to suit the narrow harbor, vii. 297; squadron under Hermokrates against Athens in the Ægean, x. 385 seq.; generals at Agrigentum, complaints against, x. 427, 431; generals at Agrigentum, speech of Dionysius against, x. 433 seq.; horsemen, mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 451 seq.; soldiers mutiny of, against Dionysius, x. 462 seq.

Syracusans, confidence and proceedings of, after the capture of Plemmyrium, B. C. 413, vii. 293 seq.; and Athenians, conflicts between, in the Great Harbor, vii. 294, 299 seq., 316 seq., 324 seq.; defeat of the Athenian night attack upon Epipolæ by, vii. 305 seq.; their blockade of the Athenians in the harbor, vii. 318; captured by Thrasyllus, viii. 129; delay of, in aiding Selinus, B. C. 409, x. 404, 408; improvement in Dionysius’s behavior towards, B. C. 399, x. 473; victory of, over the Carthaginians in the great Harbor, x. 501; negotiations of Dionysius the Younger with Dion and the, xi. 96; defeat of Dionysius the Younger, by Dion and the, xi. 97 seq.; application from, to Dion at Leontini, xi. 108; gratitude of, to Dion, xi. 112; opposition of, to Dion as dictator, xi. 121 seq.; application of, to Hiketas and Corinth, B. C. 344, x. 134 seq.; and Timoleon, application of, to Corinth, xi. 167.

Syracuse, foundation of, iii. 363; petalism or ostracism at, iv. 162; inferior to Agrigentum and Gela, before B. C. 500, v. 204; in B. C. 500, v. 205; increased population and power of, under Gelo, v. 214 seq.; prisoners awarded to, after the battle of Himera, v. 225; topography of, B. C. 465, v. 235 n.; fall of the Gelonian dynasty at, v. 235 seq.; Gelonian citizens of, v. 237 seq.; reaction against despotism at, after the fall of the Gelonian dynasty, v. 240; political dissensions and failure of ostracism at, vii. 122; foreign exploits of, B. C. 452, vii. 123; Duketius at, vii. 124; and Agrigentum, hostilities between, B. C. 446, vii. 125; conquests and ambitious schemes of, B. C. 440, vii. 126; incredulity and contempt at, as to the Athenian armament for Sicily, B. C. 415, vii. 182; quiescence of the democracy at, vii. 183 n.; preparations at, on the approach of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 190; empty display of the Athenian armament at, B. C. 415, vii. 194; increased confidence at, through Nikias’s inaction, B. C. 415, vii. 218; landing of Nikias and his forces in the Great Harbor of, B. C. 415, vii. 219; defensive measures of, after the battle near the Olympieion, vii. 228; embassy from, to Corinth and Sparta, B. C. 415, vii. 235; local condition and fortifications of, in the spring of B. C. 414, vii. 244; localities outside the walls of, vii. 245; possibilities of the siege of, B. C. 415 and 414, vii. 245; siege of, B. C. 414, vii. 248 seq.; battle near, B. C. 414, vii. 255 seq.; entrance of the Athenian fleet into the Great Harbor at, B. C. 414, vii. 256; approach of Gylippus to, vii. 262 seq.; arrival of Gylippus and Gongylus at, vii. 265; expedition to, under Demosthenês B. C. 413, vii. 289; Athenian victory in the harbor of, B. C. 413, vii. 291; defeat of a Sicilian reinforcement to, B. C. 413, vii. 295; disadvantages of the Athenian fleet in the harbor of, vii. 296; arrival of Demosthenês at, vii. 301, 303; philo-Athenians at, during the siege, vii. 311 n.; increase of force and confidence in, after the night attack upon Epipolæ, vii. 314; postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by an eclipse of the moon, vii. 315; number and variety of forces engaged at, vii. 318; postponement of the Athenians’ retreat from, by Hermokratês, vii. 330; retreat of the Athenians from, vii. 331 seq.; number and treatment of Athenian prisoners at, vii. 344 seq.; topography of, and the operations during the Athenian siege, vii. 401 seq.; rally of Athens during the year after the disaster at, viii. 1; reinforcement from, in aid of Sparta, B. C. 368, x. 258; after the destruction of the Athenian armament, x. 383, 389 seq.; and the quarrel between Selinus and Egesta, B. C. 410, x. 403 seq.; embassy from, to Hannibal, at Selinus, x. 409; aid from, to Himera, against Hannibal, x. 410, 411; attempts of Hermokrates to enter, x. 416 seq.; first appearance of Dionysius at, x. 420; discord at, B. C. 407, x. 421; reinforcement from, to Agrigentum, x. 426; movement of the Hermokratean party at, to raise Dionysius to power, x. 432; Dionysius one of the generals at, 434 seq.; return of the Hermokratean exiles to, x. 436; return of Dionysius from Gela, to, B. C. 405, x. 429; establishment of Dionysius as despot at, x. 444 seq., 454; re-distribution of property at, by Dionysius, x. 459 seq.; locality of, x. 470; additional fortifications at, by Dionysius, x. 471 seq.; plunder of Carthaginians at, by permission of Dionysius, x. 482; provisions of Dionysius for the defence of, against the Carthaginians, B. C. 396, x. 494; retreat of Dionysius from, to Katana, B. C. 395, x. 497; siege of, by Imilkon, x. 498 seq.; Carthaginians before, x. 498 seq., 506 seq.; exultation at, over the burning of the Carthaginian fleet at Daskon, x. 509; new constructions and improvements by Dionysius at, xi. 39; feeling at, towards Dionysius the Younger and Dion, B. C. 357, xi. 86; Dion’s march from Herakleia to, xi. 90; Timokrates, governor of, xi. 92 seq.; Dion’s entries into, B. C. 357 and B. C. 356, xi. 92 seq., 110; flight of Dionysius the Younger from, to Lokri, xi. 104; rescue of, by Dion, xi. 108 seq.; condition of, B. C. 353-344, xi. 129 seq.; return of Dionysius the Younger to, xi. 132; first arrival of Timoleon at, xi. 149; return of Timoleon from Adranum to, xi. 158; flight of Magon from, xi. 159 seq.; Timoleon’s temptations and conduct on becoming master of, xi. 163 seq.; Timoleon’s recall of exiles to, xi. 166; desolate condition of, on coming into the hands of Timoleon, xi. 166, 167; efforts of Corinth to reconstitute, xi. 167, 168; influx of colonists to, on the invitation of Corinth and Timoleon, xi. 169; Timoleon marches from, against the Carthaginians, xi. 172 seq.; Timoleon lays down his power at, xi. 185; great influence of Timoleon at, after his resignation, xi. 186, 193; residence of Timoleon at, xi. 190; Timoleon in the public assembly of, xi. 190 seq.; the constitution established by Timoleon at, exchanged for a democracy, xii. 393; expedition from, to Krotôn, about B. C. 320, xii. 397; revolutions at, about B. C. 320, xii. 399, 400; massacre at, by Agathokles in collusion with Hamilkar, xii. 401 seq.; Agathokles constituted despot of, xii. 402; Hamilkar’s unsuccessful attempt to take, xii. 422 seq.; barbarities of Agathokles at, after his African expedition, xii. 446.