Chapter IV · (continued 6)
Reading edition
Etseastin and Etseasun were jealous because they had no water and they needed some to produce nourishment. The old man finally obtained a little water from each of the gods and planted it, and from it he raised a spring such as the gods had. From this spring came corn and other vegetation. Etseastin and Etseasun sat on opposite sides of the spring facing each other, and sang and prayed and talked to somebody about themselves, and thus they originated worship. One day the old man saw some kind of fruit in the middle of the spring. He tried to reach it but he could not, and asked the spider woman (a member of his family) to get it for him. She spun a web across the water and by its use procured the fruit, which proved to be a large white shell, quite as large as a Tusayan basket. The following day Etseastin discovered another kind of fruit in the spring which the spider woman also brought him; this fruit was the turquoise. The third day still another kind of fruit was discovered by him and obtained by the spider woman; this was the abalone shell. The fourth day produced the black stone bead, which was also procured.
After ascending into the upper world Etseastin visited the four corners to see what he could find. (They had brought a bit of everything from the lower world with them). From the east he brought eagle feathers; from the south feathers from the bluejay; in the west he found hawk feathers, and in the north speckled night bird (whippoorwill) feathers. Etseastin and Etseasun carried these to a spring, placing them toward the cardinal points. The eagle plumes were laid to the east and near by them white corn and white shell; the blue feathers were laid to the south with blue corn and turquoise; the hawk feathers were laid to the west with yellow corn and abalone shell; and to the north were laid the whippoorwill feathers with black beads and corn of all the several colors. The old man and woman sang and prayed as they had done at the spring in the lower world. They prayed to the east, and the white wolf was created; to the south, and the otter appeared; to the west, and the mountain lion came; and to the north, the beaver. Etseastin made these animals rulers over the several points from which they came.
When the white of daylight met the yellow of sunset in mid-heavens they embraced, and white gave birth to the coyote; yellow to the yellow fox. Blue of the south and black of the north similarly met, giving birth, blue to blue fox and north to badger.
Blue and yellow foxes were given to the Pueblos; coyote and badger remain with the Navajo; but Great Wolf is ruler over them all. Great Wolf was the chief who counseled separation of the sexes.
Footnotes
INDEX
The following partial Index is specific to this article. The Index for the entire Eighth Annual Report is included in the Index.
Bigelovia Douglasii (sage brush) used as thatch to Navajo sweat-house 239
used to produce smoke in sweat house 240, 244
Brothers (The), Navajo myth 280-284
Chants in Navajo ceremonial 245, 246
Children, initiation of, in Navajo ceremonial 266, 267
Crows, Navajo myth concerning 281
Dance, in the ceremony of Hasjelti Dailjis 273-275
Deerskins, for sweat houses and masks in Navajo ceremonial must be from smothered animals 242
over the entrance of a Navajo sweat-house, signification of 242
Esthetle, the first ones, Navajo ceremonial 264, 271, 272
song of 272
prayer to 272
Etseastin and Etseasun, Navajo myth 284-285
Foods used during Navajo medicine ceremonial 236, 257
Gaming ring of Navajo ceremonial 238
Hasjelti and Hostjoghon, mythical history of 277
Masks representing various Navajo gods, Indian uses of 248, 249, 253
Medicine cigarette, in Navajo ceremonial, preparation of 258
disposition of, after use 259
Medicine lodge, Navajo, construction of 237
Medicine tubes in Navajo ceremonial 241, 244, 246, 250, 257, 258, 264
Medicine water used in Navajo ceremonial 255, 263, 269
Naiyenesgony and Tobaidischinni, mythical history of 279-280
Old man and woman of the first world, Navajo myth 284-285
Pine boughs, application for removing disease in Navajo ceremonials 247, 250
disposition of, after ceremony 248, 251
Prayer, on offering medicine tubes to Navajo gods 244
to the Esthetle 272
Prayer sticks, how prepared for Navajo ceremonial 242-243, 264
Reeds, sacred, for Navajo ceremonial, preparation of 242, 243
Sand bed used in Navajo ceremonial to absorb disease 250, 251
Sand painting, Navajo ceremonial, learned by the Navajos from the Pueblos 236
colors used in 237
manner of laying on colors 239-248
disposition of sand after ceremony 241, 261, 264
description of 260, 261, 262, 264, 265
Sheep, mountain, Navajo myth concerning 282-284
Spider woman, the, Navajo myth 284
Sticks, painted, bundles of, used in Navajo medicine ceremonial 252, 254
Suds of yucca used in Navajo medicine ceremonial 251, 257, 258
Sun, Navajo myth concerning creation of 275, 277
Sweat-houses in Navajo ceremonial, description of 239
Toneennili, the water-sprinkler, song addressed to, in Navajo ceremonial 259
Yebitchai, meaning of the term 235, 236
Zenichi, Navajo gods 265
A. Illustrations from “Third Ceremony” text, page 247:
__ \/ scalp knot /\ ¯¯ III__III__III__III wreath III III III III
INDEX.
Page references in Roman numerals link to the introductory material, included in the present file. Page references in Arabic numerals link to the Mindeleff and Stevenson articles in separate files.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z
Page.
A.
Acoma, arrival of the Asanyumu at 30
direction of kivas of 116
kiva trap-doors at 207
Adobe, use in Tusayan 54, 78
use in Zuñi attributed to foreign influence 139
necessity for protecting against rain 156
used in Spanish churches 224
Adobe balls used in garden walls 146
Adobe bricks, in Hawikut church 81
use modern in Zuñi 138
Adobe mortar, in Tâaaiyalana structures 90
Cibola and Tusayan use of, compared 137
Adobe walls on stone foundation at Moenkopi 78
Áikoka. See Acoma 30
Aiyáhokwi, the descendants of the Asa at Zuñi 30
Alleyway, Hawikuh 81
Altar, conformity of, to direction of kiva 116
Andiron, Shumopavi 176
Annular doorway 192, 193
Apache, inroads upon Tusayan by the 25, 26, 35
exposure of southern Cibola to the 96
Appropriations and expenditures for 1886-’87 XXXVI
Architectural nomenclature 220, 223
Architecture, comparison of constructional details of Tusayan and Cibola 100-223
adaption to defense 226, 227
adaption to environment 225, 226, 227, 228
Art, textile and fictile, degree of Pueblo advancement in 227
Arts of Cibola and Tusayan closely related 224
Asa, migrations of the 30, 31
language of the 37
houses of, Hano 61
Asanyumu. See Asa.
Awatubi, survey of 14
Spanish mission established at 22
when and by whom built 29
settlement of the Asa at 30
attacked by the Walpi 34
description of ruins of 49, 50
possession of sheep by the 50
clay tubes used as roof drains at 155
fragments of passage wall at 181
Aztecs, ruined structures attributed to the 225
B.
Badger people leave Walpi 31
Baho, use of, in kiva consecratory ceremonies 119-120, 129, 130
Balcony, notched and terraced 187
Banded masonry 145
Bandelier, A. F., description of chimney 173
explorations of 197
on ancient stone inclosures 216
Bat house, description of ruin of 52
Bátni, the first pueblo of the Snake people of Tusayan 18
Bedsteads not used by Pueblos 214
Beams, Tusayan kivas, taken from Spanish church at Shumopavi 76
for supporting upper walls 144
modern finish of 149
construction of steps upon 162
for supporting passageway wall 181
Chaco pueblos, how squared 184
Bear people, settlement in Tusayan of the 20, 26
removal to Walpi of the 21, 27
movements of 27, 30, 31, 38
Bear-skin-rope people, settlement in Tusayan of the 26, 27
Benches or ledges of masonry, Zuñi rooms 110
Tusayan kivas 121, 123, 125
Mashongnavi mungkiva 127
around rooms of pueblo houses 213
Bigelovia Douglasii (sage brush) used as thatch to Navajo sweat-house 239
used to produce smoke in sweat house 240, 244
Biloxi Indians, linguistic researches among XX
Bins for storage in Tusayan rooms 109, 209, 210
Blankets formerly used to cover doorways 182, 188, 189, 194
Blue Jay people, settlement in Tusayan of the 26, 27
Bond stones used in pueblo walls 144, 198
Boss, or andiron, Shumopavi 176
Bourke, Capt. J. G., Pueblo vases, etc., presented by XXV
Boundary line, Hano and Sichumovi 36
Boundary mark, Shumopavi and Oraibi 28
Boxes for plumes 210
Bricks of adobe modern in Zuñi 138
Brothers (The), Navajo myth 280-284
Brush, use of, in roof construction 150
Brush shelters 217-219
Burial custom of K’iakima natives 86
Burial inclosures at K’iakima 147
Burial place of Zuñi 148
Burrowing Owl people, settlement in Tusayan of the 26
Bushotter, Geo., work of XXIX
Buttress, formerly of Halona, existing in Zuñi 88, 89
Buttress projections, Zuñi 111
Tusayan rooms 109, 110
girders supported by 144
chimney supported by 172, 173
support of passageway roofs by 181
C.
Cages for eagles at Zuñi 214
Canyon de Chelly, proposed study of ruins of 14
Tusayan, tradition concerning villages of 19
early occupancy of, by the Bear people at Tusayan 20
occupied by the Asa 30
use of whitewash in cliff houses of 74, 145
circular kivas of 117, 133
finish of roofs of houses of 150, 151
doorway described and figured 190
cliff dwellings of 217
Casa Blanca, traces of whitewashing at 145
Castañeda’s account of Cibolan milling 211, 212
Cattle introduced into Tusayan 22
Cave lodges occupied in historic times 225
Cave used by inhabitants of Kwaituki 57
Ceiling plan of Shupaulovi kiva 123, 125, 126
Ceilings, retention of original appearance of rooms through nonrenovation of 89
Cellars not used in Tusayan and Cibola 143
Ceremonial chamber. See Kiva.
Ceremonial paraphernalia of Tusayan taken by the Navajo 50
Ceremonies connected with Tusayan house-building 100-104, 168
Ceremonies accompanying kiva construction 115, 118
Ceremonies performed at placing of Zuñi ladders 160
Chaco ruins, character of 14, 70
compared with Kin-tiel 92
finish of masonry of 140, 226
upper story partitions of, supported by beams 144
finish of woodwork of 149, 184
symmetry of arrangement of outer openings of 195
loop-holes in walls of 198
Chairs, lack of in Pueblo houses 212
Chair of modern form in Zuñi 213
Chalowe, description of 83
Chants in Navajo ceremonial 245, 246
Charred roof timbers of Tusayan kiva 120
Children, initiation of, in Navajo ceremonial 266, 267
Chimney. See Fireplace.
Chimney-hoods, how constructed 169-175
Chimneys, traces of in K’iakima 85
remains of, at Matsaki 86
Tusayan 102
Zuñi 111
described and figured 167-180
Chukubi pueblo, built by the Squash people 25
description 58, 59
fragments of passage wall at 181
Church, Shumopavi, established by Spanish monks 75, 76
Hawikuh 81, 138
Ketchipauan, remains of 81, 82
in court of Zuñi 98, 138, 148
See Mission.
Churches established in Zuñi and Tusayan 224
Cibola, ruins and inhabited villages of 80-99
architecture of compared with that of Tusayan 100-223
See Zuñi.
Circular doorway of Kin-tiel described 192
Circular kivas, antiquity of 116
traditional references to 135
absent in Cibolan pueblos 224
Circular room at Oraibi Wash 54-55
Circular rooms at Kin-tiel 93
Circular wall of kiva near Sikyatki 117
Clay surface of pueblo roofs 151
Clay tubes used as roof drains 155
Cliff dwellings, Moen-kopi 54
use of whitewash in 74
absence of chimneys in 168
developed from temporary shelters 217
occupied in historic times 225
Climatic conditions, effect of, upon pueblo architecture 140, 227
Clustering of Tâaaiyalana ruins 89-90
Cochití claimed to be a former Tewa pueblo 37
Comecrudo Indians, linguistic researches among XXI
Communal village, development of pueblo architecture from conical lodge to 226
Consecration of kivas 129
Contours represented on plans, interval of 45
Cooking, pueblo method of 164
Cooking pits and ovens described 162-166, 176-177
Cooking stones of Tusayan, flames of 104
Copings of walls described 151-152
Coping of hatchways 203
Coping. See Roof-coping.
Cords, used for suspending chimney 170
Corner stones of Tusayan kivas 119
Corrals, Payupki 59
Sichumovi 62-63
Hawikuh 81
Ketchipauan 81
modern, at K’iakima 85
how constructed 146
described in detail 214-217
Cotton cultivated by the Tusayan 33
Courts, Mishiptonga 52
Kwaituki 56
Courts, Chukubi 59
Sichumovi 62
Walpi 63
Mashongnavi 68
Shupaulovi 71
Shumopavi 74
Hawikuh 81
Ketchipauan 81
Matsaki 86
Tâaaiyalana 90
Kin-tiel 92
Pescado 95
Zuñi 98
Covered way, how developed 76
Covered passages and gateways described 180-182
Coyote people, settlement in Tusayan of the 26
Coyote kiva, direction of the 116
Crossbars used in fastening wooden doors 183
Crosspieces of ladders 159
Crows, Navajo myth concerning 281
Cruzate, visit to Awatubi of 49
Culture of pueblo tribes, degree of 227
Curtin, Jeremiah, work ofXXI, XXIX
Curtis, Wm. E., pottery, etc., from Peru presented by XXVI
Cushing, Frank H., work ofXXIV, XXV
identifies K’iakima as scene of death of Estevanico 86
excavations at Halona 88, 193
opinion concerning western wall of Halona 89
opinion concerning distribution of Tâaaiyalana ruins 89-90
on the former occupancy of Kin-tiel 92
Halona identified as one of the Seven Cities of Cibola 97
on Zuñi tradition concerning stone-close 192
D.
Dais of kivas 121, 122, 123
Dance, in the ceremony of Hasjelti Dailjis 273-275
Dance ceremony in kiva consecration 130
Dance rock, Tusayan, reference to snake dance of 65
Débris, how indicated in plans of ruins 45
an indication of original height of walls 90
Decoration, house openings 145-146
Kiva roof timbers 119, 120
ladder crosspieces 159
roof beams 123, 124
wall of Mashongnavi house 146
wooden chair 213
Zuñi window sashes 196
Deer horns used as pegs in Zuñi 111
Deerskins, for sweat houses and masks in Navajo ceremonial must be from smothered animals 242
over the entrance of a Navajo sweat-house, signification of 242
Defense, wall for, at Bat House 52
a motive for selection of dwelling site 56
architecture relied upon for 58
method of, of Payupki 59, 60
not a factor in selection of Mashongnavi site 67
features of, at Ojo Caliente 69
wall for, at Pueblo Bonito 70
features of, at Tusayan and Zuñi compared 76
sites chosen for, inconvenient to sources of subsistence 77
use of Ketchipauan church for, by natives 82
the motive of occupation of Tâaaiyalana mesa 90
provision for, at Kin-tiel 92, 93
provisions for, in Ketchipauan church 96
motive for, dying out in Zuñi 96-97
efficiency of, at Zuñi 97
not a motive in selection of site of Zuñi 97
gateways arranged for 180, 182
loopholes for 198
adaptation of architecture to 225
Doors to ground floor rooms of Zuñi 143
Doors of various lands described 183-194
Doorway, Walpi kiva, closed with cottonwood slab 64
Kin-tiel 93
position of, in Tusayan 103
stepped form in Tusayan 109
how sealed against intrusion 110
window and chimney in one 121
annular 193
Doorways, closed with masonry 183, 187, 188, 189
why made small 197
Dorsey, J. Owen, work ofXXVIII-XXIX
Drainage of roof, relations of certain roof openings to 203-204
Drains of roofs described 153-156
Drains. See roof drains.
E.
Eagle cages of Zuñi 214
Eagle people, migration legend of the 28
Earth used in pueblo roof construction 150
Eaves, lack of, in Tusayan houses 102
Echo Cave fireplace described 168
Emmert, J. W., work of XIX
Entrances, uniformity of direction of, in Zuñi kivas 116
Environment, adaptation of architecture to 225, 226, 227, 228
Eskimo, work onXXVII, XXVIII
Estevanico’s death, at K’iakima 86
Esthetle, the first ones, Navajo ceremonial 264, 271, 272
song of 272
prayer to 272
Estufa. See Kiva.
Etseastin and Etseasun, Navajo myth 284-285
Expenditures of Bureau of Ethnology for 1886-’87 XXXVI
F.
Families occupying Oraibi 105-108
Farming outlook, Matsaki used as 86
near Kin-tiel 93
Farming pueblos, Cibola 14
Moen-kopi 77
Nutria 94, 95
Pescado 95-96
Ojo Caliente 96
Zuñi 198
Fastenings of doors 186
Feathers, use of, in house-building ceremonies 101, 102
Feather wand or baho used in kiva-building ceremonials 119, 120, 129, 130
Fences of corrals and gardens 215, 217
Fetiches, where placed during kiva ceremonial 122
Tusayan kivas 130, 131
Field workXVIII, XXIII
Financial statement XXXVI
Fire gens, Tebugkihu constructed by the 57
Fire-house or Tebugkihu, Tusayan 20, 57, 100, 142, 224
Fire people of Tusayan, migration of the 20
Fireplaces 102, 109, 121, 125, 163, 167-180
Floor, Mashongnavi house 109
stone flags, Tusayan kiva 121
sandstone slabs, Shupaulovi kiva 123
Floors in pueblo buildings, various kinds described 121, 135, 148-151
Folk-tale of the Zuñi, describing stone-close 193
Food sacrifices in Tusayan house building 101, 102
Foods used during Navajo medicine ceremonial 236, 257
Fortress houses the highest type of Pueblo construction 77
Fowke, Gerard, work ofXX, XXIV
Frames of trap-doors, method of making 206
Framing of windows, method of 196-198
Fuel, how stored in Tusayan 103
Fuel used in kivas 121
Fuel of kivas, where stored 124
Furniture of the Pueblos described 208-214
G.
Gaming ring of Navajo ceremonial 238
Gardens and corrals of the Pueblos 214-217
Gardens and garden walls 215-217
Garden walls, how constructed 146
Gateway at Awatubi 49
Gateway jambs at Kin-tiel, finish of 181
Gateways, probable existence in Kin-tiel of 93
Gateways and covered passages described 180-182
Gateways of corrals 214
Gatschet, A. S., work of XX, XXI, XXVIII
Genesis myth of the Tusayan 16
Gentes of Tusayan, grouping of houses by 24
land apportionment by 29
list of traditionary 38
localization of 104-108
Georgia, archeologic work in XIX
Girders supporting upper walls 144
Tusayan houses supported by piers 151
Glass used in modern Pueblo windows 193
Glazing of Pueblo windows 196, 197
Goat kiva of Walpi, height of 119
Gourd used as roof drain 154, 155
Grass, use of, in roof construction 150
Graves, probable existence of, in Kin-tiel 93
Gravestones at K’iakima 85, 86, 147
Greasewood, the ordinary kiva fuel 121
Grinding stones. See Metate; Milling.
Ground plan, Mashongnavi room 108
Shupaulovi kiva 125
Ground plans of Zuñi and Tusayan compared 76
of mesa villages influenced by prevailing winds 182
Guyave or piki oven 173, 175
Gyarzobi or Paroguet kiva, roof timbers of 120
Gypsum used as whitewash 73, 74, 172
H.
Hairdressing among the Tusayan 37
Halona, description of 88, 89
remains of the nucleus of Zuñi 97, 98
walls of the nucleus of modern Zuñi 138
stone-close at, described 193
“Halving” of timbers in kiva trap-frames 206
Hampassawan, description of 83-85
Hand-holds cut in faces of cliffs 191
Hand-holds in frames of trap-doors 192
Hano, Asa group occupy site of 30
description of 61, 62
direction of kivas of 115
kiva, ownership of 134
kivas, list of 136
rude transom over roof beam in 187
sealed openings in 199
Hano people, length of time spent in Tusayan by the 35
received by the Tusayan 36
trouble between the Walpi and 37
Hanomuh, the inhabitants of Hano 17
definition of 36
Hano traditions regarding settlement in Tusayan 35
Harvest time, how determined in Zuñi 148
Hasjelti and Hostjoghon, mythical history of 277
Hasjelti Dailjis and Navajo sand painting, notice of paper by James Stevenson onXXXIV-XXXVI
paper by James Stevenson on 229-285
Hatchways to pueblo houses 110, 120, 121, 124, 127
Hawikuh, description of 80, 81
Hawikuh church, durability of masonry of 138
Hemenway Southwestern Archeological Expedition, excavations at Halona 193
Henshaw, Henry W., work of XXVIII
Hewitt, John N. B., work of XXVIII
High-house people, a Navajo clan 30
Hinged sashes not in use in Zuñi 196
Hinges of Pueblo doors 184
Hodge, F. Webb, on stone-close of Halona 193
Hoffman, W. J., work of XXI-XXIII, XXIX
Holmes, William H., workXXV, XXVI
on ruins of the San Juan 147
Homólobi, the early home of the Sun and Water peoples 29
legend of Water people concerning 31
Hopituh, the native name of the Tusayan 17
Hopituh marriage within phratries and gentes 24
Horn House, description of ruin of 50, 51
Horn people migration legend 18
early settlement in Tusayan of the 19
House-building rites of Tusayan 100-104
House clusters in Zuñi, arrangement of 98
Hungo Pavie, finish of roofs in 150
I.
Indian synonymy, work on XXVIII
Interior arrangement of pueblos 108-111
Interior of Zuñi house described 110
Irrigation of gardens near Walpi 217
J.
Jackson, W. H., on ruins of the San Juan 147
photographs of pueblo ruins by 147
describes fireplace of Echo Cave 168
Jar of large size used for storage 210
Jars used in chimney construction 180
Jeditoh group of ruins 52, 53
Jemez oven-opening described 165
K.
Kaékibi, an ancient pueblo 30
Kaiwáika. See Laguna 30
Kápung. See Santa Clara 37
Katchina kiva of Oraibi 135
Katchina people depart from Oraibi for eastern Tusayan villages 26, 27
Katchinkihu, occurrence of, in ruined kiva near Sikyatki 117
described 121, 123
Shupaulovi kiva 126
Mashongnavi mungkiva 127
Kentucky, archeologic work in XX
Ketchipauan church built of stone 224
Ketchipauan, description of 81-83
Kiáini. See High-house people 30
K’iakima, description of 85, 86
upright stone slabs at 147
Kikoli rooms occupied in winter 103, 104, 131
Kin-tiel, description of 91-94
compared with Nutria 94
compared with Pescado 96
plan of, prearranged 100
compared with Oraibi 114
occurrence of upright stone slab at 147-148
beams of ruins of 149
upper room of, paved with stone 151
fireplace in room of 163, 168
defensive gateway at 181
finish of gateway jambs at 181
circular doorway at, described 192, 193
openings at, of uniform height 194
site of 224
Kisákobi, description of pueblo of 21
Kishoni, or uncovered shade 217-218
“Kisi” construction 217-219
Kitdauwi—the house song of Tusayan 118-119
Kiva, study of construction of 14
remains of, at Payupki 60
Mashongnavi 66
of Moen-kopi 78
origin of the name 111
ancient form of 116, 117
native explanation of position of 118
duties of mungwi, or chief of the 133
ownership of 133-134
motive for building 134-135
significance of structural plan of 135
measurements of 136
hatchways of 201-202, 205-207
openings of, at Acoma 207
See Mungkiva.
Kivas, excavated, at Awatubi 50
Hano 61
Sichumovi 62
Walpi 63, 64, 65
Shupaulovi 72
Shumopavi 74
Kin-tiel and Cibola compared 93
Zuñi, where located during Spanish occupancy 99
in Tusayan 111-137
typical plans of 118-129
dimensions of 118, 136
of, measurements of 118, 136
annually repaired by women 129
uses of 130
nomenclature of 130, 223-223
Tusayan, list of 136
nonuse of chimneys in 178
Zuñi, stone window-frames of 197
circular, absent in Cibolan pueblos 224
Kótite. See Cochití.
Kwaituki, description of ruin of 56-57
Kwálakwai, Hano tradition related by 35
Kwetcap tutwi, the second pueblo of the snake people of Tusayan 18
L.
Ladders, arrangement in Tusayan kiva 121
withdrawal of rungs to prevent use of 113
significance of position of, in kivas 135
described 156-162
second-story terrace of Tusayan reached principally by 182
openings for, in roofs 205
Laguna, arrival of the Asanyumu at 30
Lalénkobáki, a female society of Tusayan 134
Land apportionment by gentes in Tusayan 29
Language of the Asa and Hano of Tusayan 37
Languages of Tusayan, tradition regarding difference in 36
Las Animas ruins, trap-door frames in 206
Latches of doors 186-187
Latch strings used on Zuñi doors 183
Lathing or wattling of kiva walls 126
Ledges of masonry in kivas 121
Ledges or benches around rooms 213
Lenbaki, society of Tusayan 18
Light, method of introducing, in inner rooms 207
Lighting, method of, in crowded portions of Zuñi 99
Lintels of old windows embedded in masonry 200
Lizard people move from Walpi 31, 38
Lock and key of wood, how made 187
Logs (the floating), Navajo myth 278
Loom appurtenances 212
Loom posts of kivas 128-129, 132
Loophole-like openings in pueblo buildings 127, 198
Louisiana, linguistic work in XX
M.
Macomb, J. N., earthenware from North Carolina presented by XXVI
Mallery, Garrick, work of XXVIII
Mamzrántiki, an Oraibi society of women 134
Mandan ladder described and figured 158
Maricopa, myth of the Water people of Tusayan concerning the 32
Marriage of the Hopituh within phratries and gentes 24
Mashongnavi, origin of name of 26
settlement of Paroquet and Katchina peoples in 27
settlement of the Water people at 32
description of ruins of 48
age of masonry at 66
description of 66-70
ground plan of room of 108
direction of kivas of 115
description of dais of kiva at 122
list of kivas at 136
wall decoration at 146
notched ladder of 157-158
pi-gummi ovens at 163-164
shrines of 167
chimney hoods of 170-171
second-story fireplace at 174
doorway with transom at 190
corrals of rude stonework at 214
See Old Mashongnavi.
Masks representing various Navajo gods, Indian uses of 248, 249, 253
Masonry, ancient, at Nutria 94
Ojo Caliente carelessly constructed 96
exterior, of kivas 114
Masonry of Pueblo Bonito, skill shown in 195
Mat close for kiva hatchways 127, 128
Matsaki, description of 86
sun symbol at 148
Meal, sacred, preparation of 256
votive, used in pueblo house-building 101
Mealing trough. See Milling.
Medicine cigarette, in Navajo ceremonial, preparation of 258
disposition of, after use 259
Medicine lodge, Navajo, construction of 237
Medicine tubes in Navajo ceremonial 241, 244, 246, 250, 257, 258, 264
Medicine water used in Navajo ceremonial 255, 263, 269
Metate used as roof-drain 154, 155
Metates, or grinding stones, how arranged in pueblo houses 109, 110, 210, 211
Mexico, linguistic work inXX, XXI
Middleton, James D., work ofXX, XXIV
Migration, effect of, upon pueblo architecture 15
Migration of the Tusayan 17
Migration of Tusayan Water people 31, 32
Migration of the Horn people 18, 19
Migration of the Bear people of Tusayan 20
Migration of the Asanyumu of Tusayan 30
Milling troughs of Pueblo households 109, 210, 212
Mindeleff, Cosmos, work ofXXVI, XXVII
acknowledgments to 14, 15
on traditional history of Tusayan 16-41
Mindeleff, Victor, work ofXXVI, XXX
notice of paper on pueblo architecture by XXIV
paper on pueblo architecture 3-228
Mishiptonga, description of ruin of 52-53
Mission buildings of Shumopavi 27, 75-76
Mission house at Walpi, timbers of, used in Walpi kiva 119
Missions of Tusayan 22, 49
Mississippi, archeologic work in XIX
Moen-kopi surveyed and studied 14
description of ruins of 53-54
description of village of 77
Mole people, settlement in Tusayan of the 27
Montezuma Canyon ruins, use of large stone blocks in 147
Monument marking boundary of Oraibi and Shumopavi 28
Mooney, James, work of XXVIII
Morgan, L. H., Mandan ladder described by 158
on trap-door frames in Las Animas ruins 205
Mormon and Pueblo building compared 148
Mormons, effect of the, upon development of Moen-kopi 77
establishment of woolen mill at Moen-kopi by the 78
fort built by, at Moen-kopi 184
lock and key contrivance of 187
Mortar of adobe mud 137
Mortars used in Pueblo households 212
Mortised door in Zuñi house 110,186
Mummy cave, Arizona, ruin in 64
finish of roofs in ruins of 150
Mungkiva, Mashongnavi 127
of Shupaulovi 113, 122
Tusayan 134
N.
Naiyenesgony and Tobaidischinni, mythical history of 279-280
Nambé, Tewa pueblo 37
Navajo, Asa of Tusayan live among 30
huts of, closed with blankets 189
method of sheep-herding compared with Pueblo 214
paper on Hasjelti Dailjis ceremonial and sand painting of 229-285
Nelson, E. W., work of XXVII
graves unearthed by 86
collection of stone-closes by 193
New York, archeologic work in XIX
ethnologic work in XXI
Niches, use of, in kivas 121, 122
Niches formed in old window openings 110, 200, 208-209
Nomenclature of Tusayan structural details 220-223
North Carolina, work inXXI-XXII
Notched logs used as ladders 157-158
Númi. See Nambé.
Nutria, compared with Kin-tiel 91
description of 91-95
Nuvayauma, old Mashongnavi tradition related by 47-48
Nuvwatikyuobi kiva 120
O.
Oak mound kiva, Tusayan, decadence of membership of 135
Office workXXIII-XXIX
Ohio, archeologic work inXIX, XX
Ohke. See San Juan.
Ojo Caliente, a modern village 54, 96-97
chinked walls of 142
Old man and woman of the first world, Navajo myth 284-285
Old Mashongnavi, tradition concerning occupation of 47-48
Openings, splayed, in Ketchipauan church 82
walls of Tâaaiyalana structures 90
Kin-tiel walls 92, 93
oblique Zuñi 98, 207-208
to kivas 113-114
in wall of Zuñi kiva 114
in lee walls 182
Openings of Pueblo houses banded with whitewash 145-146
Oraibi, retirement of Sikyátki inhabitants to 24
departure of Ketchina and Paroquet peoples from 27
settlement by the Bears of 27
traditions regarding first settlement of 27
settlement of the Water people at 33
affray between the Walpi and 35
description of 76-77
families occupying 105-108
direction of kivas of 115-116
rare use of plastering on outer walls of 144
notched ladders described and figured 157-158
stone steps at, figured 161
corral walls at, laid without mortar 147
distribution of gentes of 104-105
kiva for women 134
list of kivas of 137
kiva, hatchway of 201
corrals at, large size of 214
Oraibi-Shumopavi boundary stone 28
Oraibi wash, ruins on the 54-56
Orientation of kivas 115-116
Ovens at Pescado 95
upon roofs 151
various kinds described 162-166
in Zuñi 164-165
Oven-shaped structures described and figured 167
Oven-surface imbedded with pottery scales 139
P.
Paintings on kiva walls 131
Palát Kivabi, the pristine habitat of the Squash and Sun people of Tusayan 25, 29
Palmer, Dr. E., Mexican clay vessels presented by XXVI
Paneled doors in modern pueblos 184-186
Parallelogramic form of Tusayan buildings 102-118
Paroquet people, settlement in Shumopavi of the 37
Partitions in Ketchipauan church 82
Partitions of upper story supported by beams 144
Passageways, Shupaulovi 72
Shumopavi 74
rarity of, at Oraibi 76
description of 180-182
Paving Shupaulovi kiva 126
Paving stones of kiva floor, how finished 125
Payupki, tradition concerning pueblo of 40
migration legend 40
description of 59-60
finish of masonry of 143
fragments of passage wall at 181
Peaches planted by the Asa people 30
Pegs, deer horns used as, in Zuñi 111
Pegs for suspending kiva fuel 121
Peña Blanca formerly inhabited by the Hano 35
Peñasco Blanco, occurrence of upright stone slab at 148
method of roof construction at 150
Pescado compared with Kin-tiel 91
description of 95-96
corral walls at, how constructed 147
outside steps at 160
ovens at, described and figured 165-166
fragment of stone close in steps of 193
stone inclosure in court of 214
Pennsylvania, work inXXII-XXIII
Pestles or crushers used with Pueblo mortars 212
Petroglyph, or sun-symbol at Matsaki 86
Ketchipauan church 82
legend of the Tusayan concerning 32
Phratries, Tusayan 24, 38
Pictograph on Oraibi-Shumopavi boundary monument 28
Piers of masonry for supporting girders 151
Piers. See Buttresses.
Pi-gummi ovens of Mashongnavi 163
Piki or guyave oven 173-175
Piki stone, process of making 175
Pilling, J. C., work of XXIV
Pima, myth of the Water people of Tusayan concerning the 32
opinion of the, as to ancient stone inclosures 216
Pinawa, description of 86, 88
Pine invariably used for kiva ladders 135
Pine boughs, application for removing disease in Navajo ceremonials 247, 250
disposition of, after ceremony 248, 251
Pink clay used in house decorations 146
Pits for cooking 163
Plan of villages, traditional mention of 104
Plans and descriptions, Tusayan ruins 45-60
inhabited villages 61-79
Cibolan ruins 80
Zuñi villages 94-99
Plan of pueblo houses not usually prearranged 100-162
Planting time, how determined in Zuñi 148
Plaster, frequent renewal of, at Shumopavi 73
Plastering, renovation of rooms by frequent 89
on outer walls in Ojo Caliente 96
custom formerly observed in 102
on floor in Mashongnavi 109
kiva walls 115
Shupaulovi kiva, condition of 124-125
Shupaulovi kiva 126
on walls 140
on masonry 144
chimney hoods 169, 172
side hole of door for fastening 183-184
Platform in floor of Tusayan kiva 121
Platform at head of steps 161-162
Plaza. See Court.
Plume boxes 210
Plume stick, baho, or feather wand, used in Kiva consecratory ceremonials 119-120, 129, 130
Plume-stick shrines at Mashongnavi 167
Pojoaque, a Tewa pueblo 37
Pokwádi. See Pojoaque 37
Polaka, Hano tradition given by 35
Poles for suspension of blankets, etc. 110, 189, 208, 214
Ponobi kiva of Oraibi, wall lathing of 126
Population, enlargement of pueblos necessitated by increase of 70
Porch posts 81, 82
Posówe, a former Tewa pueblo 37
Posts of porch, remains of, at Hawikuh and Ketchipauan 81, 82
Posts sunk in floor forming part of loom 212
Pots used in chimney construction 179-180
Pottery fragments, Horn House ruin 51
Kwaituki 57
ruin on Oraibi wash 55
used in mud-plastered walls 139
Pottery of Payupki, character of 60
Poultry house of Sichumovi 167
Powell, J. W., work of XXIII
Prayer, on offering medicine tubes to Navajo gods 244
to the Esthetle 272
Prayer plume, or baho, used in kiva consecratory ceremonials 119, 120, 129, 130
Prayer sticks, how prepared for Navajo ceremonial 242-243, 264
Props used for fastening wooden doors 183
Publication during year XVIII
Pueblo architecture, notice of Mr. Victor Mindeleff’s paper onXXX, XXXIV
study of, by Victor Mindeleff 8-228
Pueblo Bonito, additions to 70
the largest yet examined 92
finish of roof of 150
stairway described 160
symmetry of arrangement of outer openings of 195
skill shown in masonry of 195
Pueblo buildings, mode of additions to 70, 97, 98, 102, 148-149
Pueblo construction in Tusayan and Cibola, details of 137-223
Pueblo Grande. See Kin-tiel.
Pueblo models constructed XXVII
Pueblo openings, carelessness in placing 196
Pueblo remains, area occupied by 13
Pueblo revolt of 1680 89
Pueblos of Tusayan and Cibola compared 80
Pueblos, inhabited 61-79, 94-99
Pyramidal form of pueblo house rows 61
R.
Rabbit-skin robes used to cover doorways 182, 194
Racks for suspending clothes 208, 214
Rawhide thong used in pueblo construction to fasten lock 186, 187, 214
Rectangular kivas, antiquity of 116
Rectangular rooms, how developed 226
Rectangular type of architecture 72
Reeds, sacred, for Navajo ceremonial, preparation of 242, 243
Reeds used for kiva lathing 126
Repair of houses infrequent in Tusayan 73
Reservoirs, pueblo 82-83, 91, 92, 97
Reservoir site as affecting selection of dwelling site 51-52
Revolt of the Pueblos in 1680 23
Reynolds, H. L., work of XXIV
Rites and methods of Tusayan kiva building 118-137
Rites of house-building at Tusayan 100-104
Rito de los Frijoles, chimney of, described 173
Roof construction, pueblo buildings 120, 149
Roof-coping of Tusayan houses 102
Roof-drains, pueblo buildings 102, 153-156
Roof-openings, pueblo buildings 61, 63, 77, 98, 169, 178, 201-208
Roofs, pueblo buildings 63, 102, 119, 148-151
Roof timbers of kivas 119
Rogan, J. P., work of XIX
Rooms, arrangement of, into rows in Tusayan 49
confused arrangement of, in Walpi 63
Tâaaiyalana ruins, arrangement of 90
circular, at Kin-tiel 93
Tusayan, smaller than in Zuñi 108
names of, in Tusayan 223
Rows of houses forming Shumopavi 74
Royce, Chas. O., work of XXV
Ruins, method of survey of 45
Ruins, Tusayan 45-60
between Horn House and Bat House 51
Oraibi wash 54-56
Cibola 80
Tâaaiyalana 89
Rungs of ladders, how attached 158, 159
S.
Sacrifices of food in Tusayan house-building 101, 102
Sandals of yucca found in Canyon de Chelly 133
Sand bed used in Navajo ceremonial to absorb disease 250, 251
Sand painting, Navajo ceremonial, learned by the Navajos from the Pueblos 236
colors used in 237
manner of laying on colors 239-248
disposition of sand after ceremony 241, 261, 264
description of 260, 261, 262, 264, 265
Sandstone used in pueblo construction, how quarried 225
San Felipe, return of Payupki to 41
San Juan, a Tewa pueblo 37
Santa Clara doubtfully identified with Kápung 37
Santo Domingo, settlement of the Asanyumu 30
Sash of rude construction in window openings 196
Sealing of doorways of pueblo buildings 110, 183-184, 198-201
Seats of stone in Tusayan kivas 132
Selenite used in pueblo windows 196, 197
Semisubterranean kivas of Tusayan 113
Seven cities of Cibola. See Cibola.
Sheep, introduced into Tusayan 22
possessed by the Awatubi 50
introduction of, among the Pueblos 214
mountain, Navajo myth concerning 282-284
Shitáimu pueblo 28, 48, 49
Shelters in pueblo fields 60, 198, 217-219
Shelves, pueblo buildings 109, 173, 209
Shrine, Matsaki 86
court of Shupaulovi 71
court of Shumopavi 75
Tâaaiyalana 90
Shrines, pueblo 72, 148, 167
Shumopavi, Spanish mission established at 22
by whom built 27
removal of portion of Bear people from 27
description of 73-76
kivas of 113, 114, 137
primitive andiron at 176
piki stone at 176
fireplace and chimney of 176, 177
ground cooking-pit of 178
Shumopavi-Oraibi boundary stone 28
Shumopavi people, removal of, to mesa site 23
Shupaulovi, settlement of Paroquet and Ketchina peoples in 27
when established 29
settlement of Bear people at 30
settlement of the water people at 32
description of 71-73
mungkiva of, described 113
direction of kivas of 115
description of dais of kiva of 123
ground and ceiling plans of kiva of 125
list of kivas of 136
description of chimney-hood at 171, 172
passageway at, described 181
Sichumovi, settled by peoples from Walpi 31
derivation of term 38
description of 62, 63
direction of kivas of 115
ownership of kiva of 134
list of kivas of 136
poultry-house of 167
fireplace and mantel of 173
piki stone at 175
Sikyatki, ruin of 20, 21
pueblo of 24
ancient kiva near 117
Sikyátki people dispute with the Walpi 24
slaughtered by the Walpi 25
Sills of doors 110, 186, 194
Sióki. See Zuñi 30
Sipapuh, Tusayan kivas 117, 121, 122, 123, 126, 130, 131, 135
Sites of pueblo buildings, why selected 63, 66, 90, 97, 112, 223
Slabs of stone in pueblo architecture 147
Slavery among the Tusayan 41
Smallpox prevalent in Tusayan 38, 134
Smoke escape through roof-opening and transoms 189, 204, 206, 207
Snake dance, relation of dance-rock to 65
Snake people, the first occupants of the Tusayan region 17
construction of modern Walpi by the 23
Snow, use of, as water supply by the Zuñi 91
Spaniards, early visit of, to Tusayan 21, 22
Spanish authority, effect of, upon purity of Zuñi kiva type 112
Spanish beams in Tusayan kivas 119, 123, 124, 125, 126
Spanish churches at pueblos, Hawikuk 81, 82, 138
Spanish influence in Zuñi and Tusayan 169, 180, 196, 213, 224
Spanish missions established in Tusayan 22
Spider people, settlement in Tusayan of the 27
Spider woman, the, Navajo myth 284
Splash-stones described and figured 155, 156
Splayed openings in Ketchipauan church 82
Squash people, settlement in Tusayan of the 25
Stakes used in construction of stone walls 147
Stearns, J. B., relics from Chiriqui presented by XXVI
Stephen, A. M., material on traditional history of Tusayan collected by 16-41
opinion on Walpi architectural features 72
acknowledgments to 100
on distribution of Oraibi gentes 104, 105
on orientation of Tusayan kivas 115
discovery of ancient kiva type near Sikyatki 117
typical kiva measurements by 122
on wattling or lathing of kiva walls 126
on significance of structural plan of kiva 135
collection of primitive andirons or bosses by 176
Steps and ladders described 156-162
Steps cut in faces of cliffs 191
Steps or foot-holes of Walpi trail 65
Steps to kivas 114
Stevenson, James, notice of paper on Hasjelti Dailjis and Navajo sand painting byXXXIV-XXXVI
paper on ceremonial of Hasjelti Dailjis and mythical sand-painting of 229-285
Sticks, painted, bundles of, used in Navajo medicine ceremonial 252, 254
Stone, size, character, and finish of, in pueblo ruins 55, 58, 60, 138
means of obtaining, in Zuñi 139
effect of use of, in chimney hoods 172
corrals 214
flags used to floor Tusayan kiva 121
inclosures in Southern Arizona 216
roof drains, curious forms of 154
shelters, possible remains of, at Payupki 60
slabs formerly used to close doorways 188
Stone-close anciently used 192, 193
Stone wedges used in pueblo wall finish 140, 142
Stonework, Shumopavi 75
at Oraibi 144
Mormon and Pueblos compared 148
Stone steps, Pescado 95
Tusayan 157
Stools used by the Pueblos 212, 213
Storage facilities of pueblo dwellings 57, 62, 103, 109, 143, 144, 182, 209
Straw adobe made by Spaniards 138, 224
Structural features of kivas similar 129
Subterranean character of kivas 63, 72, 112, 113
Suds of yucca used in Navajo medicine ceremonial 251, 257, 258
Sullivan, Jeremiah, Payupki tradition obtained by 40
Sun, Navajo myth concerning creation of 275, 277
Sunflower stalks used in chimney construction 170
Sun people of Tusayan 29
Supplies, how taken to Walpi mesa 65
Survey of Tusayan and Cibola, methods of 44-45
Sweat-houses in Navajo ceremonial, description of 239
Synonymy of Indian tribes, work on XXVIII
T.
Tâaaiyalana, relation of K’iakima to 85
stone inclosures at base of 85
description of ruins of 89-91
flight of Zuñis to, during Pueblo revolt 89
mesa of, temporarily occupied 223
Tables not used in Pueblo houses 212, 214
Talla Hogan. See Awatubi 49-50
Taos formerly partly inhabited by the Tewa 37
Tceewáge. See Peña Blanca.
Tcosobi or Jay kiva, roof timbers of 120
Tebowúki, an early pueblo of the fire people of Tusayan 20
Tebugkihu or fire-house, description of 57
fragments of passage-wall at 181
Tennessee, archeologic work in XIX
Terraced doorways 190-191
Terraced gardens 217
Terraced roofs of Tusayan, names of 104
Terrace cooking-pits and fireplaces 174-177
Terrace rooms, half open, not seen in ancient pueblos 187
Terraces, Sichumovi form of 62
Oraibi, formed by natural causes 76
Zuñi 97, 98, 144
ancient pueblos, how reached 156
Tusayan names of 223
Tesuque, a Tewa pueblo 37
Tetsógi. See Tesuque.
Tewa conflict with the Ute 36
Tewa, language of the 37
Tewa. See Hano.
Texas, linguistic work in XX
Thomas, Cyrus, work ofXIX, XXIII
Timbers for roof, kind used in kiva-building 19
Time for planting and harvesting, how determined in Zuñi 148
Tiponi of Tusayan explained 131
Tlaskaltec Indians, linguistic researches among XXI
Toneennili, the water-sprinkler, song addressed to, in Navajo ceremonial 259
Topography, houses of Walpi constructed to conform to 64
of Shupaulovi 71
Tradition, historical value of 15
Tradition, Tusayan 16-41
Hano 35
regarding Hano and Tusayan languages 36
concerning Payupki pueblo 40
concerning occupancy of Old Mashongnavi 47-48
of foundation of Walpi 63
concerning circular kivas 135
Zuñi concerning stone-close 92-193
concerning early occupancy of former pueblos by existing tribes 225
Traditionary gentes of Tusayan, list of 38
Trails, Walpi 65, 66
Tâaaiyalana 89
Transoms over pueblo doorways 187-189
Transportation to Walpi mesa, Indian method 66
Trapdoors, Sichumovi 63
kivas, no means of fastening 113
frames furnished with hand-holds 192
Tunika Indians, linguistic work among XXI
Tupubi defined 176
Túpkabi. See Canyon de Chelly.
Turner, Lucien M., work of XXVIII
Tusayan, survey of 15
traditional history of 16-41
ruins and inhabited villages of 42-79
house-building rites 100-104
houses of, owned by women 101
kivas in 111-137
list of kivas of 136
order of settlement of, by various peoples 29
Tusayan and Cibola architecture, study of, by Victor Mindeleff 3-228
compared by constructional details 100-223
details of 137-223
Tusayan. See Hopituh.
Tuscarora-English dictionary, work on XXVIII
Tuwahlki, or watch-house 217
Tuwii. See Santo Domingo 30
Twigs, use of, in roof construction 150
U.
Ute, conflict with, by the Tewa of Hano 36
inroads of, upon Tusayan 25, 26, 35
V.
Vargas, Don Diego, visit to Tusayan of 35
Virginia, work in XXII
Vocabulary of Tusayan architectural terms 220-223
W.
Walls, how indicated on plans of ruins 45
defensive, at Bat House 52
construction of, in Moen-kopi ruins 53
curved, instances of 54
showing precision of workmanship 54
dimensions in Tâaaiyalana mesa 90
original height of, indicated by débris 90
thickness of, in modern Tusayan 102
paintings on, in Tusayan kiva 131
pueblo, mode of construction of 137-148
copings of 139, 151, 152
strength of 144
weakness of, in Zuñi 182
of gardens 215
Walpi, settlement of Bear people at 21, 27
Spanish mission established at 22
construction of, by the Snake people 23
dispute of, with the Sikyatki 24
settlement of the Asa at 30, 31
abandoned by Bear, Lizard, Asa, and Badger peoples 31
description of 63-66
court-surrounded kiva of 114
kivas of 119, 136
upper story partitions of, supported by beams 144
use of large stone blocks in garden walls of 47
cooking pit at 176, 177
south passageway of, described 181
Walpi people, attack of Awatubi by the 34
affray between the Oraibi and 35
trouble between the Hano and 37
various pueblos formerly occupied by the 46, 47
Warp-sticks, mode of supporting 133
Water, method of carrying, at Walpi 65
Water family, last to settle at Tusayan 29
migration legend of 31
Water jars used in chimney construction 180
Water supply, Cibola 80
Ketchipauan 82, 83
Tâaaiyalana dwellings 90, 91
Kin-tiel 92
Zuñi 97
Water vessels, forms of 109
Wattling or lathing of kiva walls 126
Weaving appliances 212
Wejegi pueblo, loop-holes in 198
Well or reservoir of Zuñi 97
West Virginia, archeologic work in XX
Whitewash on outer walls of Shumopavi 73-74
on Mashongnavi room 109
how made and applied in Zuñi 145
on house walls 145
used for coating doors 186
Wíksrun people, settlement in Tusayan of the 27
Willow wands used in roof construction 150
Window, doorway and chimney in one 121
Windows of various kinds described 194, 201
Wings constructed in court of Pueblo Bonito 70
Women, house owners at Tusayan 101
work of, in Tusayan house-building 101, 102
roof-building performed by 102
work of, in kiva-building 129
when admitted to kivas 134
societies of, and kivas for, in Tusayan 134
Wood, kinds of, used in Tusayan construction 102
Wood rack of pueblos described 103
Wood-working, how performed 184
Wooden doors not found in pre-Columbian ruins 184
Wooden features of pueblo windows 196
Woolen mill established by Mormons at Moen-kopi 78
Workshop, use of the kiva, as a 129, 133
Y.
Yebitchai, meaning of the term 235, 236
Yeso used for interior whitewash 74
Yucca, use of, in lathing 127
Yucca fiber sandals from Canyon de Chelly 133
Z.
Zenichi, Navajo gods 265
Zuñi, survey of pueblo of 14
arrival of the Asanyumu at 30
portion of site of, formerly occupied by Halona 88
tradition as to occupancy of Kin-tiel by the 92
plans and descriptions of villages of 94-99
description of pueblo of 97-99
See Cibola.