CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES.
Reading edition
A great desideratum in pomological science is, a system of classification for the apple, founded on characters which are at once permanent and well defined. The Germans have been most assiduous in endeavoring to attain this object, and many systems have been suggested, of which those of Manger, Sickler, Christ, and Diel, are most generally known. But it is to Diel that the greatest merit is due, for having produced a system, which, though far from perfect, is greatly in advance of any which had hitherto been produced; and which has been universally adopted by all the German pomologists. In 1847, my friend Dochnahl, an eminent and assiduous pomologist, published a system, based upon that of Diel, of which it is a modification, and which possesses such advantages over its type, as to be more easily reduced to practise.
As the systems of Diel and Dochnahl, are certainly the best which have yet appeared, I have introduced them here, for the benefit of those who may want a groundwork on which to form an arrangement.
DIEL’S CLASSIFICATION.
CLASS I. RIBBED APPLES.
1. They are furnished with very prominent, but regular ribs round the eye, extending also over the fruit, but which do not render the shape irregular.—2. Having wide, open, and very irregular cells.
ORDER I. TRUE CALVILLES.
1. They taper from about the middle of the fruit towards the eye.—2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree.—3. They have, or acquire by keeping, an unctuous skin.—4. They are not distinctly and purely striped.—5. They have light, spongy, delicate flesh.—6. They have a strawberry or raspberry flavor.
ORDER II. SCHLOTTERÄPFEL.
1. The skin does not feel unctuous.—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are either of a flat, conical, cylindrical, or tapering form.—4. They have not a balsamic, but mostly a sweetish or sourish flavor.—5. They have a granulous, loose, and coarse-grained flesh.
ORDER III. GULDERLINGE.
1. They are not balsamic like Order I., but of an aromatic flavor.—2. They have a fine flesh, almost like that of the Reinettes.—3. They are either of a conical or flat shape.—4. They are most prominently ribbed round the eye.
CLASS II. ROSENÄPFEL.—ROSE APPLES.
1. They are covered with blue bloom when on the tree.—2. They have not unproportionally large, but often only regular cells.—3. They emit a pleasant odor when briskly rubbed.—4. The skin does not feel unctuous.—5. They are handsomely and regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit.—6. They have a tender, loose, spongy, and mostly fine-grained flesh.—7. They have a fine rose, fennel, or anise flavor.—8. They are mostly of short duration, and are often only summer, or autumn apples.—9. They are mostly striped like a tulip.
ORDER I. FRUIT TAPERING OR OBLONG.
ORDER II. FRUIT ROUND OR FLAT.
CLASS III. RAMBOURS.
1. They are all large apples, and comprise the largest sorts.—2. They have mostly, or almost always, two unequal halves, namely one side lower than the other.—3. They are constantly furnished with ribs round the eye, which are broad, rising irregularly the one above the other, and extending over the fruit, so as to render it irregular in its shape; they are also compressed and have one side higher than the other.—4. They are constantly broader than high, and only sometimes elongated.—5. They have all a loose, coarse-grained, and often very pleasant flesh.
ORDER I. WITH WIDE CELLS.
ORDER II. WITH NARROW CELLS.
CLASS IV. REINETTES.
1. They have a fine-grained, delicate, crisp, firm, or tender flesh.—2. They are mostly the ideal of a handsome shaped apple; in them the convexity or bulge of the middle of the apple, towards the eye, is the same as that towards the stalk, or not much different.—3. They are all grey dotted, or have russety patches, or completely covered with russet.—4. They have only rarely an unctuous skin.—5. They have all the rich, aromatic, sugary, and brisk flavor, which is called the Reinette flavor—6. They decay very readily, and must, of all apples, hang longest on the tree.—7. The really sweet, and at the same time aromatic apples, belong to the Reinettes, only as regards their shape, their russety character, and their fine or firm flesh.—8. Apples with fine, firm, crisp flesh, which cannot of themselves form a separate class,—for instance, the Pippins also belong to this class.
ORDER I. SELF COLORED REINETTES.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors or marks of russet on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and which assume a slight tinge of red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
ORDER II. RED REINETTES.
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes, but of a pure red on the side next the sun, without any mixture of russet.
ORDER III. GREY REINETTES.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.—2. The coating of russet, or the russety patches spread over the greater part of the fruit are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dull brownish, or ochreous red.
ORDER IV. GOLDEN REINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed, or striped with beautiful crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping to beautiful deep yellow.—3. Over the ground color, and the crimson of the exposed side, are spread light thin patches, or a complete coat of russet.
CLASS V. STREIFLINGE.—STRIPED APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These stripes are found either over the whole fruit, or only very indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may be distinct, that is to say, truly striped; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side the stripes are well defined.—4. The cells are regular.—5. They are of a purely sweet, vinous, or acid flavor.—6. They have not the same flavor as the Rosenäpfel.—7. They do not decay except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when properly ripened.—8. They form a large and somewhat considerable class among the culinary fruits.
ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high.
ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE.
1. They are broader than high.—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
ORDER III. OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE.
1. The height and breath are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. Laid in the hand with the eye and stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape.
CLASS VI. TAPERING APPLES.
1. They have the cells regular.—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye.—5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching a pure acid.—6. They do not decay readily.
ORDER I. OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL.
Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge.
ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT.
Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge.
CLASS VII. FLAT APPLES.
1. They are constantly broader than high.—2. They are never striped.—3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red.—4. They have regular cells.—5. They are not unctuous when handled.—6. They do not decay readily.—7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour.
ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES.
1. The difference is obvious to the eye.—2. The breadth is constantly half an inch more than the height.
ORDER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES.
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and height.—2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of an inch.—3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two equal halves.
DOCHNAHL’S CLASSIFICATION.
SECTION I. PLEUROIDEA.—ANGULAR OR RIBBED APPLES.
Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally situated.
CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.—QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES.
ORDER I. CALVILLA,—CALVILLES.
1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to the tube of the calyx.—2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it towards the eye.—3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit.—4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom.—5. They are never distinctly striped.—6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries.—7. The eye is frequently closed.—8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin.
GROUP I. FRUCTUS RUBRI—FRUIT RED.
The fruit almost entirely covered with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—FRUIT TWO-COLORED.
Yellow, very much striped or washed with red.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEI.—FRUIT YELLOW.
Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow.
ORDER II. PSEUDO-CALVILLA.—BASTARD CALVILLES.
1. The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open.—2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short.—3. They are slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk.—4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye.—5. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles.—6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes.
The Groups are the same as in the First Order.
CLASS II. MALA PYRARIA.—PEAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic; they are purely sweet or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose.
ORDER I. TREMARIA.—SEEDS LOOSE.
1. These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom.—2. They are also furnished with ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles.—3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open.—4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells.—5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed shape.—6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slight balsamic flavor.—7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and Bastard Calvilles.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—FRUIT SELF-COLORED.
Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—TWO COLORED.
Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red.
ORDER II. RAMBURA.—RAMBURES.
1. They are all very large.—2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.—3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are.—4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.—5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity.—6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable.
GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.—CELLS WIDE.
GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.—CELLS NARROW.
SECTION II. SPHÆROIDEA.—SPHERICAL APPLES.
They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs.
CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.—MEDLAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise.
ORDER I. APIANA.—APIS OR ROSE APPLES.
1. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a snow-white color.—2. The cells are almost always regular and closed.—3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed.—4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor.—5. They emit a pleasant odor, especially when briskly rubbed.—6. When they are on the tree, they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip.—7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized.—8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLONGI.—OBLONG FRUIT.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPHÆRICI.—ROUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT.
ORDER II. REINETTA.—REINETTES.
1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and handsome shape; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk.—2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet.—3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled.—4. They all decay very readily, (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.)—5. Their flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate.—6. They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette flavored.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—SELF COLORED.
1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.—2. Having no lively colors nor marks of russet, on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red.—3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS RUBRI.—FRUIT RED.
Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes; but on the side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS RAVI.—FRUIT RUSSETED.
1. Their ground color is green, changing to dingy dull yellow.—2. The coatings of russet are very conspicious.—3. The side next the sun is often dingy, brownish, or ochreous-red.—4. They all decay very readily.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS AUREI.—YELLOW OR GOLDEN FRUIT. GOLDEN REINETTES.
1. On the side next the sun they are washed or striped with beautiful crimson.—2. The ground color changes by keeping, to beautiful deep yellow.—3. Over the crimson there is a light, thin trace, or complete covering of russet.
CLASS IV. MALA MALARIA.—PERFECT OR PURE APPLE SHAPED.
They are of a perfectly sweet or vinous flavor, approaching to pure acid.
ORDER I. STRIOLA.—STRIPED APPLES.
1. They are all, and almost always, marked with broken stripes of red.—2. These are either over the whole fruit, or only indistinctly on the side exposed to the sun.—3. The stripes may all be distinct, that is, clearly and finely striped; or between these stripes on the side next the sun, the fruit is dotted, shaded, or washed with red; but on the shaded side, the stripes are well defined.—4. The cells are regular.—5. The fruit does not decay, except when gathered before maturity, or after the period when it has been properly ripened.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI.—FRUIT FLAT.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are always half an inch broader than high.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS ACUMINATI.—POINTED FRUIT.
1. They are broader than high.—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS OBLONGI.—FRUIT OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL.
1. The height and breadth are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
GROUP 4. FRUCTUS SPHÆRICI.—FRUIT ROUND.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. When laid on their sides they present a spherical shape.
ORDER II. CONTUBERNALIA.—STORING OR HOUSEHOLD APPLES.
1. Having the cells regular.—2. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—3. They do not decay readily.—4. They are not unctuous when handled.—5. They are never covered with bloom.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS ACUMINATI.—FRUIT TAPERING.
Diminishing towards the eye.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS DEPRESSI.—FRUIT FLAT.
They are constantly broader than high.
Such is the classification of Dochnahl, and although it is not all that could be desired, it is certainly the best which has yet been published, and will serve as a good foundation on which to raise a more perfect work.
I have not had an opportunity of applying either of these arrangements to the classification of our British apples, but for the purpose of affording a little assistance in identifying the different varieties described in this work, I have prepared the following, which, although I am aware is not what could be desired, will at least be sufficient for all general purposes. The period of duration, and the coloring of fruits, vary to a considerable extent according to circumstances of soil, situation, and season; but in the following arrangement, I have endeavored to embrace those characters which they are most generally found to possess.
I. SUMMER APPLES.
Consisting of such as either ripen on the tree, or shortly after being gathered, and which generally do not last longer than the beginning of October.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Calville Blanche d’Eté
Dutch Codlin
Early Harvest
Early Julien
Early Spice
Joanneting
Large Yellow Bough
Madeleine
Oslin
Sack and Sugar
Stirzaker’s Early Square
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
Borovitsky
Duchess of Oldenburgh
Nonesuch
Ravelstone Pippin
Whorle
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Calville Rouge d’Eté
Calville Rouge de Micoud
Cole
Devonshire Quarrenden
Irish Peach
Maiden’s Blush
Passe Pomme d’Automne
Passe Pomme Rouge
Red Astrachan
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Carlisle Codlin
Early Wax
English Codlin
Keswick Codlin
Manks Codlin
Springrove Codlin
Sugar Loaf Pippin
Summer Golden Pippin
Teuchat’s Egg
White Astrachan
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
American Summer Pearmain
Creeper
Kerry Pippin
Longville’s Kernel
Margaret
Pigeonnet
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Dr. Helsham’s Pippin
Hollow Core
King of the Pippins
Sugar and Brandy
II. AUTUMN APPLES.
Including such as are in use from the time of gathering to Christmas.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
American Fall
Bland’s Jubilee
Breedon Pippin
Bridgewater Pippin
Broadend
Broad Eyed Pippin
Cobham
Dowell’s Pippin
Downton Pippin
Drap d’Or
Early Nonpareil
Flanders Pippin
Forest Stire
Franklin’s Golden Pippin
Gloria Mundi
Golden Monday
Golden Noble
Gooseberry Apple
Grange
Harvey Apple
Pawsan
Small Stalk
Stead’s Kernel
Waltham Abbey Seedling
White Westling
Winter Lading
Yellow Elliot
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
Bachelor’s Glory
Biggs’s Nonesuch
Cellini
Chester Pearmain
Creed’s Marigold
Elford Pippin
Flushing Spitzenburgh
Gravenstein
Green Woodcock
Hermann’s Pippin
Hoary Morning
Hollandbury
Kentish Fill Basket
Kingston Black
Longstart
Monkton
Nanny
Rabine
Rambour Franc
Red-Streak
Red Streaked Rawling
Siberian Harvey
Summer Strawberry
Trumpington
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Api Etoillé
Bere Court Pippin
Borsdorffer
Burn’s Seedling
Calville Rouge d’Automne
Cherry Apple
Contin Reinette
Flower of Kent
Forge
Foxley
Glory of the West
Greenup’s Pippin
Hawthornden
Isle of Wight Pippin
Lady’s Delight
De Neige
Red-Must
Rymer
Scarlet Crofton
Scarlet Tiffing
Scotch Bridget
Siberian Bitter Sweet
Summer Broadend
D. Russet.
Being entirely or to a great extent covered with russet.
Brown Kenting
Cornish Aromatic
Ten Shillings
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Brookes’s
Catshead
Coccagee
Costard
Cray Pippin
Green Tiffing
Hargreave’s Green Sweet
Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance
Isleworth Crab
Kilkenny Pearmain
Lucombe’s Pine
Marmalade
Melrose
Monkland Pippin
Nelson Codlin
Pitmaston Golden Wreath
Proliferous Reinette
Sheep’s Nose
Tarvey Codlin
Toker’s Incomparable
Transparent Codlin
White Wine
Wormsley Pippin
Yellow Ingestrie
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked, with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
Augustus Pearmain
Belle Bonne
Colonel Vaughan’s
Bennet Apple
Best Bache
Broughton
Cowarne Red
Duke of Beaufort’s Pippin
Duncan
Emperor Alexander
Fill Basket
Garter
Glory of England
Golden Streak
Golden Winter Pearmain
Hagloe Crab
Mère de Ménage
Moore’s Seedling
Queen of Sauce
Summer Pearmain
White Paradise
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Fox Whelp
Friar
Ganges
Grey Leadington
Kentish Pippin
Long Nose
Pigeon
Red Ingestrie
Wickham’s Pearmain
Woodcock
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent covered with russet.
Bowyer’s Russet
Patch’s Russet
Pine Apple Russet
III.—WINTER APPLES.
Including such as are in use during the whole of the Winter and Spring.
§—ROUND, ROUNDISH, OR OBLATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color, or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Alfriston
Bedfordshire Foundling
Belledge Pippin
Birmingham Pippin
Blenheim Pippin
Bringewood Pippin
Calville Blanche d’Hiver
Cluster Golden Pippin
Court of Wick
Devonshire Buckland
Dredge’s Fair Maid of Wishford
Dredge’s Fame
Essex Pippin
Fair’s Nonpareil
Famagusta
Fenouillet Jaune
Gogar Pippin
Golden Pippin
Holland Pippin
Hollow Crowned Pippin
Hughes’s Golden Pippin
Minchall Crab
Morris’s Court of Wick
Rambo
Reinette Diel
Reinette Franche
Reinette Jaune Sucrée
Reinette Vert
Rhode Island Greening
Saint Julien
Screveton Golden Pippin
Siely’s Mignonne
Sleeping Beauty
Spitzenberg
Veiny Pippin
Wyken Pippin
Yellow Newtown Pippin
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
Brabant Bellefleur
Calville Rouge d’Hiver
Caroline
Christie’s Pippin
Dutch Mignonne
Fulwood
Golden Reinette
Gros Faros
Hall Door
Hambledon Deux Ans
Hoskreiger
Keeping Red Streak
Kirke’s Lord Nelson
Lincolnshire Holland Pippin
Lucombe’s Seedling
Newtown Spitzenberg
Ribston Pippin
Round Winter Nonesuch
Royal Reinette
Scarlet Nonpareil
Selwood’s Reinette
Shakespere
Shepherd’s Fame
Somerset Lasting
Spice Apple
Striped Beefing
Striped Monstrous Reinette
Taunton Golden Pippin
Watson’s Dumpling
West Grinstead Pippin
Yorkshire Greening
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Api
Api Gros
Api Noir
Baddow Pippin
Bank
Belle Grisdeline
Braddick’s Nonpareil
Brickley Seedling
Calville Malingre
Clara Pippin
Coul Blush
Court-pendu Plat
Dumelow’s Seedling
Fair Maid of Taunton
Fearn’s Pippin
Harvey’s Pippin
Haute Bonté
London Pippin
Mela Carla
Minier’s Dumpling
Newtown Pippin
Nonpareil
Norfolk Beefing
Norfolk Paradise
Northern Greening
Osterley Pippin
Padley’s Pippin
Pearson’s Plate
Petworth Nonpareil
Pomewater
Reinette de Breda
Reinette Blanche d’Espagne
Reinette de Canada
Reinette Van Mons
Rose de China
Royal Shepherd
Sir William Gibbons’s
Sops in Wine
Squire’s Greening
Sturmer Pippin
Surry Flat Cap
Turk’s Cap
Wanstall
Wheeler’s Extreme
White Virgin
Winter Colman
Winter Greening
Winter Majetin
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet.
Acklam’s Russet
Aromatic Russet
Ashmead’s Kernel
Boston Russet
Byson Wood Russet
Fenouillet Gris
Fenouillet Rouge
Golden Harvey
Horsham Russet
Keeping Russet
Knobbed Russet
Morris’s Russet
New Rock Pippin
Pennington’s Seedling
Pile’s Russet
Pitmaston Nonpareil
Pomme Grise
Powell’s Russet
Reinette Carpentin
Reinette Grise
Robinson’s Pippin
Ross Nonpareil
Royal Russet
Sam Young
Sweeney Nonpareil
Sykehouse Russet
Wheeler’s Russet
§§—OBLONG, CONICAL, OVAL, OR OVATE.
A. Pale Colored.
Being either of an uniform pale color or occasionally tinged with faint red.
Barton’s Incomparable
Beachamwell
Bossom
Cockle Pippin
Coe’s Golden Drop
Colonel Harbord’s Pippin
Darling Pippin
Hanwell Souring
Hormead Pearmain
Hunthouse
Lemon Pippin
Mitchelson’s Seedling
Norfolk Stone Pippin
Nottingham Pippin
Oxnead Pearmain
Pitmaston Golden Pippin
Pope’s Apple
Tower of Glammis
Trumpeter
Warner’s King
Winter Codlin
B. Striped.
Being wholly or partially marked with stripes, either on a pale or colored ground.
Adams’s Pearmain
Baldwin
Baxter’s Pearmain
Beauty of Kent
Benwell’s Pearmain
Bess Pool
Bristol Pearmain
Claygate Pearmain
Cornish Gilliflower
Esopus Spitzenburgh
Federal Pearmain
Grange’s Pearmain
Lamb Abbey Pearmain
Lewis’s Incomparable
Loan’s Pearmain
Margil
Parry’s Pearmain
Royal Pearmain
Scarlet Leadington
Scarlet Pearmain
Seek-no-Farther
Winter Pearmain
Winter Quoining
C. Red.
Having either a cloud of red on the side next the sun, or entirely covered with red.
Barcelona Pearmain
Farleigh Pippin
Foulden Pearmain
Hunt’s Deux Ans
Hutton Square
Irish Reinette
Lady’s Finger
Mannington’s Pearmain
New York Pippin
Ord’s Apple
Petit Jean
Pomeroy
Ponto Pippin
Russet Table Pearmain
Tulip
Vale Mascal Pearmain
Violette
Wadhurst Pippin
Whitmore Pippin
Woolman’s Long
D. Russet.
Being entirely, or to a great extent, covered with russet.
Betsey
Forman’s Crew
Golden Knob
Golden Pearmain
Golden Russet
Hubbard’s Pearmain
Hunt’s Duke of Gloucester
Martin Nonpareil
Morris’s Nonpareil Russet
Pinner Seedling
Rosemary Russet
Rushock Pearmain
Uellner’s Gold Reinette