INDEX.
Walter Armstrong translation
A
Abd-al-Medjid, Sultan, ii. 39.
Abdul-Hamid, ii. 76.
Abou-Abba (or Sippara), i. 200.
Abou-Sharein, i. 157, 190, 262; ii. 34.
Abraham, i. 15, 199.
Abydenus, i. 51;
spoken of by Eusebius, 57.
Abydos, on the Hellespont, ii. 220.
Accad, i. 14, 21, 59.
Acheron, i. 354.
Adar (Saturn?), i. 73.
Adrammelech, i. 103.
Agbatana, see Ecbatana.
Ahmes II., ii. 339.
Ahura-Mazda, i. 88.
Alabaster, found near Mossoul, i. 120;
its distribution, 121;
its constitution, 121;
its characteristics as a material for the sculptor, ii. 110.
Alabastron, ii. 301.
Alexander the Great, i. 54; ii. 382.
Alexander Polyhistor, i. 51.
Allat, i. 83, 345.
Alphabet, invention of, i. 22.
Altaï, i. 21.
Altars, their characteristic forms, i. 236;
with battlements, 255;
circular, 256;
sarcophagus-shaped, 256.
Amanus, ii. 340.
Amber, its absence from Mesopotamian remains, ii. 362.
Amen, i. 78, 79.
Ament, the Assyrian, i. 345.
Amiaud, M., i. 361.
Amoor, i. 19.
Amphora, ii. 300.
Amraphel, i. 36.
Amulets, ii. 251.
Anabasis quoted, i. 361.
Anaïtis, see Oannes.
Animals, grotesque and fantastic, in Assyrian Art, ii. 167–173;
on the seals, ii. 279.
Anthemius, i. 172.
Antioch, ii. 286.
Antiochus-Epiphanes, i. 33.
Aphrodite, ii. 398.
Apollonius of Tyana, i. 299.
Apsou (or Apason), i. 83.
Arade, ii. 265.
Aramaic, or Aramæan, came into common use with the second Chaldæan Empire, i. 18.
Aram-Naharaim, i. 3.
Arbeles, Arvil (or Ervil), i. 6; ii. 48.
Arch, frequent use of, i. 132, 221;
invented in Chaldæa, 222;
at Mugheir, 222;
in the hanging gardens at Babylon, 223;
in Sargon’s gateways, 224;
in the sewers of the palaces, 227.
Archivolt, enamelled, at Khorsabad, i. 290.
Arioch, i. 36.
Aristophanes, ii. 397.
Aristotle, i. 71;
his Politics quoted in reference to the size of Babylon, ii. 56.
Arithmetic, Chaldæan, i. 68;
origin of the sexagesimal system, 68.
Armenia, annexed by Assyria, i. 7.
Arms, ii. 343.
Arrian, his Indian history, i. 57.
Artaxerxes Mnemon, i. 90.
Artists, their social position in Mesopotamia, ii. 394.
Aryans, said to compose part of the early Chaldæan population, i. 18.
Aryballos, ii. 306.
Asia Minor, ii. 172.
Ass, the wild, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 150.
Asshur, the builder of Nineveh, i. 14.
Assur, i. 83;
the Assyrian god par excellence, 84;
fell with Nineveh, 88.
Assurbanipal, i. 36, 44;
receives the homage of Gyges, king of Lydia, 44;
his cruelty, 47;
patron of literature and the arts, 47;
his library, 47;
numerous remains of sculpture dating from his reign, ii. 236.
Assurbilkala, ii. 101, 203, 289.
Assuredilani, i. 51.
Assurnazirpal, i. 42;
his statue in the round, ii. 126.
Assyria, its true boundaries, i. 7;
its successive capitals, 7;
its size, 7;
consolidation of its supremacy, 41;
first A. empire, 41;
second A. empire, 41;
expeditions into Armenia, Cappadocia, and Syria, 41;
strictly a military monarchy, 96;
its régime, 103;
Assyrian monarchy, solidity of the succession, 103;
characteristics of the Assyrian race, 105;
cruelty of the Assyrian kings, 105–7;
luxury of do., 105–7;
constitution of the Assyrian nation, 111;
comparative insignificance of civilian element, 112.
Assyro-Chaldæan language, the, i. 53.
Astarte, i. 345.
Astragali, i. 206.
Astrology, i. 65;
the forerunner of real astronomy, 67.
Athenæum quoted, i. 317.
Aturia, a variant of Assyria, i. 6.
Auben (or Auben-Ra), ii. 120.
Augustus, ii. 382.
B
Baal worshipped in Judah and Israel as well as Tyre and Sidon, i. 16.
Baalazar, ii. 336.
Babel, i. 14, 53.
Bab-i-Houmaioun, ii. 72.
Babil, i. 130, 154;
its identity discussed, 384; ii. 35.
Babooshes, i. 238.
Babylon, age of its premiership, i. 38;
more tenacious of life than Nineveh, 54;
etymology of the name, 86;
natural elements of its prosperity, 92;
superiority of its situation over that of Nineveh, 93;
an “eternal city,” ii. 53;
its defences, 53;
incomplete nature of the explorations that have been carried out on its site, 55;
its size discussed, 56–59;
the stone bridge, 57;
height of the walls, 63.
Bactriana, metals brought from, i. 125.
Bagdad, i. 40, 54.
Bahr-ul-nejef, ii. 176.
Bakhenkhonsou, ii. 394.
Balawat, gates of, i. 194;
steles figured on, 196;
standards figured on, 195;
their discovery by Mr. Rassam, 242; ii. 51, 73, 118, 210.
Baldricks, how coloured in the reliefs, ii. 247.
Baruch quoted, ii. 89.
Bas-reliefs, defective methods of fixing them, i. 265.
Bassorah, i. 8, 38.
Battering-ram, used by the Assyrians, ii. 64.
Battlements, i. 248;
coloured ornament upon them, 254;
their effect against an Eastern sky, 254.
Bavian, carved rocks at, i. 263;
sculptures at, ii. 225;
description of the valley, 226.
Beards, their significance, ii. 136.
Beauchamp, de, his account of a room in the Kasr, i. 281.
Beharel, ii. 336.
Behistan, i. 88.
Bel, i. 78, 83;
supreme in Chaldæa, 86;
temple of, at Babylon, ii. 201.
Bell, artist, drowned at Bavian, ii. 230.
Bellino, cylinder of, ii. 61.
Bel-Merodach, his sepulchral chamber, i. 379.
Beltis (see Istar), i. 78.
Beni-Hassan, i. 208.
Benndorf quoted, i. 357.
Berosus quoted by Lenormant, i. 2;
quoted by Rawlinson, 4, 15;
his Medic dynasty, 36;
native Chaldæan dynasty, 36;
his “Arab Kings,” 41, 57, 64;
the decorations of the Temple of Bel, 287;
his account of the origin of things quoted, ii. 270.
Beyrout, ii. 231.
Birch, Dr., quoted, ii. 120, 306, 311;
his opinion on the ivories from Assyria, 320, 339.
Birs-Nimroud, i. 130;
its identity discussed, 384; ii. 35.
Bit-Saggatou, i. 379.
Bitumen, its use as mortar, i. 155;
where found, 155;
used to attach glazed bricks to the surface of the walls, 285.
Black stone, Lord Aberdeen’s, i. 211.
Boaz, ii. 70.
Bœckh, ii. 397.
Borsip (or Borsippa), i. 38, 53.
Boscawen, ii. 232, 345.
Botta quoted, i. 157, 175;
his opinion as to the use of columns, 179, 244, 259;
glazed bricks, 294;
his opinion as to Assyrian use of colour, ii. 245.
Brandis, ii. 397.
Bréal, Michel, quoted, i. 32.
Brewster, Sir D., ii. 306, 308.
Bricks, process of manufacture of, i. 115;
system of construction in, 116;
made in Chaldæa at a very early period, 117;
their shape, 117;
their size, 117;
their inscriptions, 118;
convex-sided B. at Abou-Sharein, 118;
dangers of crude B. as a building material, 156;
always clothed in some other material in the palaces, 271;
quantity of enamelled B. to be found in Babylonia, 281;
enamelled B. of Assyria inferior to those of Chaldæa, 281;
glazed B. in the British Museum, 281;
enamelled B. found by George Smith at Nimroud, 293.
Bridge, at Babylon, ii. 57.
Bronze, its use in the palaces of the king of Babylon, according to Philostratus, i. 299.
Broussa, i. 289.
Balls, winged, ii. 81.
Battons, or walking-sticks, ii. 357.
Bracelets, ii. 356.
Bumados, ii. 225.
Buvariia, i. 156, 371.
Byblos, i. 56.
C
Cabul, ii. 374.
Caillou Michaux, the, i. 30; ii. 4, 197–8.
Cairo compared to Babylon, ii. 59.
Calah, i. 14, 42;
to be identified with Nimroud, 314.
Callisthenes, i. 71.
Calneh, i. 14.
Campania, engraved bowls found there, ii. 339.
Candolle, A. de, ii. 399.
Canephoros found near Bagdad, ii. 116.
Capitals, i. 205.
Cappadocia, annexed by Assyria, i. 7; ii. 236.
Carpets, probable identity of the patterns on modern Kurdish carpets with those made in antiquity, i. 289; ii. 293.
Cartoons, used by the designers of the glazed brick decorations, i. 285.
Caucasus, metals brought from the, i. 125.
Causeways, paved, ii. 74.
Cavaniol, H., quoted, i. 151.
Cedars from Lebanon, used by Assyria, i. 123.
Cemeteries, drainage of the C. in Lower Chaldæa, i. 341;
their contents, 342.
Ceramics, etymology of the word, i. 115.
Chabouillet, his Catalogue des Camées quoted, ii. 90.
Chafing-dishes, ii. 323.
Chaldæa, primitive civilisation, i. 1;
its size, 7;
ethnic elements of primitive C., 16;
its early population, 17–21;
second C. empire, 52;
sudden storms, 74;
archaic period of its art, ii. 187;
its classic age, 192.
Chaldæan religion, i. 55;
more obscure than that of Egypt, 55;
its derivation from fetishism, 59;
origin of the composite forms of gods, 60;
astronomy compared with that of Egypt, 72;
origin of its idols, 76;
difficulty of establishing a Mesopotamian pantheon, 78;
the composite figures of Egypt and Mesopotamia compared, 79;
anthropomorphism of the Chaldæans franker then than that of the Egyptians, 80;
premiership of successive gods, 84.
Chaldæans (the priestly sect), described by Diodorus, i. 90;
their archimagus, 91.
Chalybes, ii. 312.
Chamanism, i. 59.
Chariots, war-, ii. 74;
their construction, 75.
Chariot-poles, ii. 344.
Chastity, sacrifice of, at Babylon, i. 89.
Chatra (or shatra), ii. 174.
Chedorlaomer, i. 36.
Chedornakhounta, i. 36.
China, its civilisation compared with those of Egypt and Chaldæa, ii. 378–380.
Chipiez quoted, i. 220.
Chronology, Chaldæan and Assyrian, i. 36–41.
Choisy, Aug., quoted, i. 172.
Chosroes, i. 171, 185.
Cicero quoted, i. 66, 71.
Cimmerians, i. 44.
Clermont-Ganneau quoted, i. 348; ii. 342.
Cloaca Maxima, i. 233.
Cloisonné shapes, ii. 202.
Coffered ceilings, i. 294–304.
Coffins, from Warka and Niffer, ii. 306.
Colour, the use of, in decoration, i. 272;
the use of in the human figures in the reliefs, i. 277.
Columns, their restricted use, i. 132;
their rarity due to want of stone, 200;
their occurrence in the Sippara tablet, 202;
sheathed in bronze, 205;
bases, 214–217;
figured upon gems, ivories, and bronzes, 220.
Commerce, ii. 372.
Composite forms of Assyro-Chaldæan gods, i. 63.
Cones, coloured, used for wall-decoration in Chaldæa, i. 279;
bronze, at Tello, 318;
superseded cylinders as seals, ii. 276.
Confucius, ii. 378.
Corneto, i. 180.
Corundum, ii. 260.
Costume, Chaldæo-Assyrian, ii. 94.
Courban-Bairam, feast of, ii. 38.
Courtyards, at Khorsabad, ii. 16, 29.
Cow, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 143.
Creil, ii. 381.
Crenellations, i. 248;
Place’s theory of their origin, 252;
note by editor, 253;
coloured ornament upon them, 254.
Crete, ii. 51.
Crux Ansata, ii. 120.
Crystals, used for decorating furniture, ii. 323.
Ctesias, i. 52;
speaks of the Χαλδαίοι, 90;
his account of the walls of Babylon, 282;
his statements as to the size of Babylon, ii. 59;
his statements as to the size of Nineveh, 59;
on the bronze figures of the gods, 202;
his description of the figures on the walls of Babylon, 296.
Ctesiphon, i. 54;
never seems to have been a seat of learning, 57, 93, 223.
Cunaxa, i. 113.
Cuneiform characters, i. 14.
Cush, i. 14.
Cutha, ii. 57.
Cyaxares, i. 50.
Cybele, ii. 398.
Cylinder, commemorative, its discovery at the Birs-Nimroud by Sir H. Rawlinson, i. 317;
the Phillips C., 317.
Cylinders (seals), i. 56;
their universal use in Babylonia, ii. 251;
collections of, in our Museums, 251;
method of mounting, 255;
of carrying, 256;
their supercession by cones, 276;
rarity of metal cylinders, 280.
Cypriots, their indebtedness to Babylonia for their written characters, i. 32.
Cyprus, engraved bowls found there, ii. 339.
Cyrus, i. 54.
D
Dado, coloured, at Khorsabad, i. 273.
Dagon, see Oannes.
Daily Telegraph, the, its subsidies to Mr. George Smith’s exploration, ii. 7.
Damascening, ii. 345.
Damascius, i. 58, 83.
Damascus, ii. 231.
Darius, ii. 201, 275.
Decoration, i. 260;
the colours of the painted D., 272;
motives of the coloured D., 274;
colours used at Babylon, 283;
cuneiform characters used decoratively, 284;
use of animal forms in D., 307.
Deecke quoted, i. 32.
Delaporte, bricks brought to Europe by, i. 284.
Deuteronomy quoted, i. 151.
Diamond dust, its use by gem engravers, ii. 260.
Diarbekir, ii. 203.
Diodorus, i. 5, 120;
his vague statements as to height of Babylonian temples, 129;
statement as to destruction of the temple of Bel, 137;
his description of the palaces of Semiramis quoted, ii. 34;
λίθιναι δοκοί, 35;
his statements as to the size of Babylon, 55;
his statement, after Ctesias, as to the size of Nineveh, 60;
his mention of the statue of Bel, ii. 202.
Dionysius Periegetes quoted, i. 299.
Diorite, used by the Chaldæan sculptors, i. 141;
statues from Tello, ii. 175;
fragments found at Tello, 190.
Dioscorides (or Dioscurides), ii. 263.
Disk, the winged, its significance, i. 87.
Dog, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 143.
Dolerite, ii. 175.
Domes, see Vaults.
Domestic architecture, ii. 51.
Doors, their forms, i. 236.
Doorways, importance of, i. 244.
Dour-Saryoukin (or Khorsabad), i. 43, 227;
plan of, 313.
Dowels, metal, used to fix the carved slabs, i. 265.
Drainage, system of, in palaces, i. 227.
Drainpipes in the Chaldæan mounds, i. 158.
Drapery, its effect upon Assyrian sculpture, ii. 286.
Dromedary, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 152.
Dumouzi, i. 83.
Dungi, ii. 259, 266.
E
Earrings, how coloured in the reliefs, ii. 247, 354;
in the form of nude children, ii. 362.
Ecbatana, i. 52;
the colours of its walls, 273.
Ekimmou, i. 345.
Elam, i. 35.
Ellasar, i. 36, 39.
Elselah, ii. 336.
Embroidery, on the robe of Assurnazirpal, i. 307;
use of animal forms in, 308; ii. 364.
Ephron the Hittite, ii. 70.
Epigenes, i. 71.
Epithets given to the gods, i. 347.
Erech, i. 14, 24; ii. 265.
Esarhaddon, i. 44, 103; ii. 8;
unfinished state of his palace at Nimroud, 8, 40;
his image in the pass of the Lycos, 231;
rarity of sculptures dating from his reign, 236.
“E-schakil,” i. 261.
Esther quoted, ii. 71.
Etana, i. 346.
Etruria, engraved bowls found there, ii. 339.
Euphrates, its inundations, i. 9.
Eusebius, i. 51, 57.
Ezekiel quoted, i. 286; ii. 372, 374.
F
Fergusson, James, defects of his restorations, i. 277.
Finnish compared to the language of early Chaldæa, i. 19.
Firouz-Abad, i. 169.
Flandin, Eugène, his opinion on the roofing question, i. 163;
his opinion as to the polychromy of the Assyrians, ii. 245.
Fly-flappers, ii. 203;
how coloured in the reliefs, 247.
Forks, ii. 351.
Foundation ceremonies, i. 311.
Fountains, at Bavian, ii. 229;
in Asia Minor, their decoration, i. 262.
Fox-Talbot quoted, ii. 159.
Fresnel, ii. 58.
Frieze, of enamelled brick at Khorsabad, i. 283.
Fringes, how represented and coloured, ii. 247.
of the Parthenon, ii. 104.
Furniture, ii. 313;
its magnificence in Assyria, 313;
thrones, 314;
decorative motives, 314–324;
Ivory ornament used upon it, 319;
remains from Van, 319.
Fustel de Coulanges quoted, i. 345.
G
Gailhabaud, i. 180.
Gates, discovered at Nineveh by Layard, ii. 62;
at Khorsabad by Place, 62;
discovery of the Balawat gates by Mr. Rassam, i. 242;
gates at Khorsabad described, ii. 65–72;
use of gates in the East, 69.
Gems, ii. 251;
engraving upon oyster shells and other comparatively soft materials, 258;
cylinders, 251–280.
Genesis quoted, i. 14, 15, 117, 155, 199; ii. 70.
Ghazir, ii. 225.
Ghunduk, ii. 232.
Glass, the earliest known example of transparent glass, ii. 306;
its early use in Mesopotamia, 306.
Globe, the winged, its significance, i. 87.
Glyptic art, ii. 251–280.
Gobineau, de, ii. 253.
Gold, i. 299;
used for decorating domes, 379.
Gomel, ii. 225.
Goun-goun, i. 39.
Graphic processes, i. 327;
plan from Tello, 327;
disproportion between figures and buildings, 333.
Greeks, the, as travellers and observers, i. 56.
Gudea, bronzes inscribed with his name, ii. 116, 180, 188.
Guillaume, E., quoted, ii. 128.
Guyard, Stanislas, his agreements with M. Halévy on the origin of the Chaldæans, i. 19.
Gyges, king of Lydia, his homage to Assurbanipal, i. 44.
H
Hades, the Assyrian, i. 345.
Halévy, J., his disbelief in Turanian element in primitive Chaldæa, i. 19;
quoted, 21;
his dissent from the reading Gudea or Goudea, 328;
translation of a text relating to a posthumous life, 344.
Haldia, i. 394.
Ham, i. 15.
Hama, i. 349.
Haman, i. 131; ii. 71.
Hammourabi, i. 35;
contracts from the time of, ii. 277.
Hands, treatment of, in Chaldæan statues, ii. 183.
Hanging gardens, the, at Babylon, i. 223; ii. 30;
their position, 35.
Harem, at Khorsabad, ii. 20.
Harness, how ornamented, ii. 357.
Hathor, i. 78.
Havet, M. Ernest, i. 15.
Hea-bani, ii. 86, 263, 269.
Hedjra, ii. 176.
Helbig, ii. 302.
Heliopolis, i. 56.
Hematite, ii. 252.
Hera, i. 374.
Herat, ii. 374.
Herodotus, considers Babylonia a mere district of Assyria, i. 5;
quoted, 8, 9, 12;
his Ἀσσύριοι λόγοι, 50, 120;
the vagueness of his statement as to the height of the temple of Bel, 129, 155;
the ramparts of Ecbatana, 273;
his scanty allusions to burial in Mesopotamia, 340;
his reference to Nineveh, ii. 59;
his statement as to the height of the walls of Babylon, 63;
and as to their width, 64;
quoted, 94;
his description of the temple of Bel or Belus, 201;
quoted, 257.
Hesiod, ii. 397.
Heuzey quoted, i. 63; ii. 177, 184.
Hierapolis, i. 56.
Hillah, i. 27, 38;
mentioned by George Smith, 153; ii. 195.
Hinges, bronze, i. 243.
Hipparchus, ii. 398.
Hisr-Sargon (or Dour-Saryoukin), see Khorsabad.
Hit, i. 4.
Hoefer, Ferd., quoted, ii. 5.
Hoffmann quoted, i. 337.
Horse, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 149.
Horus, i. 78.
Household, arrangement of the royal H. in Assyria, i. 96.
Humboldt quoted by Rawlinson, i. 3.
Hyksos, ii. 378.
Hypogea, at Bavian, ii. 227.
I
Ibex, occurs on the summits of shafts, i. 209;
in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 150.
Iconography, was there an Assyrian? ii. 138.
Ilou, i. 78.
India, metals brought from, i. 125.
Inscriptions, funerary, their absence i. 55.
Iran, ii. 236.
Isaiah, ii. 372.
Isidore, i. 172.
Isis, i. 78.
Ismi-Dagan, i. 39.
Ispahan, i. 289.
Istar (Venus), i. 73, 78;
how figured, 80;
her relationship to male deities, 83;
her descent into hades, 344;
her arrival at the gate of Hades, 345; ii. 89, 92, 193, 289.
Ivories, ii. 118–125;
Egyptian character of many ivories, 320;
how they have acquired their present colour, 322.
Ivory, its use in decoration, i. 300;
panels in the British Museum, 301;
used for the decoration of furniture, ii. 319;
means by which the demand for ivory was supplied, 320.
Izdubar, the Assyrian Hercules, i. 346; ii. 86, 263, 269.
J
Jambs, the bronze jambs of the gates of Babylon, i. 241.
Janus, ii. 91.
Jewelry, ii. 349.
Jezireh, El-, i. 3; ii. 61.
Jigan, ii. 304.
Jonah, character of the book of, ii. 61.
Joshua quoted, ii. 363.
Judæa, ii. 172.
K
Kasr, i. 261;
its identity discussed, i. 384; ii. 35.
Kaleh-Shergat (or Ellasar), i. 7, 39; ii. 51;
basalt statue found at, 110.
Karamles, ii. 51.
Karigalzu, i. 315; ii. 259.
Karkhemish, ii. 374.
Keleks, i. 323.
Kerman, i. 2.
Ker Porter, i. 40.
Khabour, i. 305; ii. 51.
Khasdim, i. 6.
Khausser, ii. 9.
Khesbet, ii. 293.
Khetas, ii. 284.
Khorassan, i. 289.
Khorsabad, i. 7;
plan of Sargon’s city, 313;
its discovery by M. Botta, ii. 4;
compared with Versailles, 11;
its extent, 11;
the arrangement of its plan, 13;
the seraglio, 11–16;
the harem, 20;
courtyards, 16, 29;
the offices, 27;
size of the city of K., 62.
Khouzistan, i. 17.
Kings quoted, i. 302.
Kislar aga, compared to the Tartan, i. 96.
Knife-handles, ii. 348.
“Knop and flower” pattern, i. 240, 302.
Koran, i. 287.
Korkhar, ii. 203, 231.
Kouffa, i. 93.
Kouti, i. 53.
Kourdourmapouk, ii. 194.
Kouyundjik, i. 7, 44; ii. 44;
arrangement of the ruins on the mound, 47.
Kunuku, ii. 255.
Kurdistan, i. 289.
Kushites, their relationship with the Shemites, i. 16, 17.
L
Lachish, siege of, figured in the reliefs, ii. 103, 319.
Lantern or “Louvre,” i. 183.
Laplace, his Histoire de l’Astronomie quoted, i. 68.
Larissa, i. 112;
its supposed identity with Mespila, ;
Xenophon’s description discussed, 385.
Larnaca, ii. 219.
Larsam, i. 1, 38.
Latium, engraved bowls found there, ii. 339.
Layard, Sir A. H., quoted, i. 7, 10–12, 27, 30, 40, 51;
speaks of fetishism among the Kurds, 61, 74, 116, 119, 120, 138, 155;
his opinion as to the forms of roof, 160–1;
his discovery of wood ashes in the palaces, 176, 183;
found upper chambers at Nimroud, 189, 193, 199, 207, 211, 213;
discovery of sphinxes in south-western edifice at Nimroud, 214;
his discovery of limestone bases in Sennacherib’s palace, 219, 230, 243, 261, 277;
colours used in decoration, 280, 392;
his opinions as to the size of Nineveh quoted, ii. 61;
his discovery of one of the gates of Nineveh, 62;
quoted, 152, 226, 236;
his opinion upon Assyrian polychromy, 247.
Le Blant, E., quoted, i. 339.
Ledrain quoted, i. 317.
Lenormant, F., i. 17;
quoted, i. 22, 30, 34, 37, 39;
his Magie chez les Chaldéens quoted, 59, 69, 261; ii. 90, 252.
Lens found at Nimroud, ii. 308.
Letronne, i. 177.
Lighting, methods of, i. 180;
cylinders found by Place, 184;
by the doors, 186.
Likbagas, ii. 180.
Lintel, stone, from Kouyundjik, i. 237.
Lion, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 154;
its frequent occurrence as a decorative motive, i. 219.
Loftus, W. K., quoted, i. 8, 24, 92, 118, 156;
his opinion as to the forms of roofs, 161, 245;
his explanation of the semi-circular pilasters, 245, 262, 278;
his opinion as to the casing of Assyrian walls, 282;
his opinion on the cemetery at Warka, 339;
his explorations at Mugheir, 371;
his explorations, ii. 7, 33;
coffins brought home by him, ii. 306.
Longpérier, de, quoted, i. 116, 281; ii. 187;
his erroneous impression as to the cylinders, 255.
Lapis-lazuli, ii. 294.
Lortet, Prof., ii. 232.
Lot, i. 199.
Lotus-flower, used as an ornamental motive, i. 303.
Lycos, ii. 231.
Lysippus, ii. 286.
Lucian, “the Syrian goddess,” i. 58.
Lucretius, ii. 364.
M
Madaktu, its capture figured, i. 331.
Magnifying-glass found at Nimroud, ii. 308.
Malthaï, rock sculptures at, ii. 232, 319.
Manchester, ii. 381.
Manetho, i. 15.
Marduk, see Merodach.
Martial, ii. 364.
Martin, T. H., quoted, i. 71.
Masius, Mt., i. 6.
Maspero, quoted, i. 8, 17, 20, 34, 44, 53.
Mastabas, compared with the cemeteries of lower Chaldæa, i. 343.
Materials, inferiority of those used by the Mesopotamian artist, i. 94;
Assyria better provided than Chaldæa, 123;
M. used by the sculptor, ii. 109.
Mechanical contrivances, i. 322;
transport of a winged bull, 323;
the lever, 326.
Meched-Ali, mosque of, at Nedjef, i. 340.
Medes, extent of their empire before 625 B.C., i. 52.
Memphis, i. 44.
Ménant, J., i. 40, 48, 95; ii. 90, 184, 253.
Merodach (Jupiter?), i. 73, 75, 83, 347; ii. 89.
Merodach-idin-akhi, stele of, ii. 93, 194.
Mesopotamia, formation of its soil, i. 8;
fertilisation of its basin, 8;
absence of rain in Chaldæa, 8;
spring in M., 11;
formation of the alluvial plain, 14;
climate, 196.
Mesopotamian architecture, its general forms, i. 126;
their cause, 126;
the mounds, 226;
their universal employment for monumental buildings, 129;
restricted use of piers and columns, 132;
the absence of orders, 132;
bad effect of rainstorms upon buildings, 133;
thickness of palace walls at Nineveh, 138;
the column, 141;
capitals, 141;
important part played by the arch, 141;
its early invention, 143;
frequent use of the vault, 144;
total absence of structures in dressed stone from Chaldæa, 146;
methods of bonding stone in Assyria, 147;
absence of mortar from Assyrian buildings, 154;
provision for drainage in mounds, 158;
absence of direct evidence as to common forms of roof, 160;
size of rooms, 179;
methods of lighting, 180;
size of doorways, 186;
pavilions and other light structures, 192;
column often used in them, 196;
orientation, 311;
plans, their peculiarities, 327.
Metal dishes, ii. 324;
engraved bowls or cups, 326;
their quasi-Egyptian character, 330;
their true origin, 336.
Metallurgy, ii. 308;
metals used in Mesopotamia, 308;
the metal district of Western Asia, 312.
Metrical system of Chaldæa-Assyria, i. 69.
Michel, Charles, his account of the discovery of Nineveh, ii. 9.
Milliarium, i. 257.
Mines, military, employed by the Assyrians, ii. 64.
Models for the sculptor, i. 215.
Moloch, worshipped in Judah and Israel as well as Tyre and Sidon, i. 16.
Montefik Arabs, i. 38.
Monoliths, i. 258.
Moon, Chaldæan observations of, i. 70.
Mordecai, ii. 71.
Mortar, its absence from Assyrian buildings, i. 154.
Mosaics, quasi-M. at Warka, i. 278.
Mossoul, yearly villegiatura of its inhabitants, i. 199.
Mouldings, i. 236, 245.
Moulds for jewellers, ii. 356.
Mountains, how indicated in the reliefs, ii. 207.
Mousasir, i. 394.
Mousta, church at, i. 168.
Mudjelibeh, see Kasr.
Mugheir, i. 38, 159;
arches at, 222;
plan of temple at, 312; ii. 34, 256, 308.
Müller, Ch., i. 16.
Müller, Max. quoted, i. 20.
Müller, Ottfried, i. 233.
Müntz, Eugène, ii. 364.
Musesinip, cylinder of, ii. 273.
Mylitta, see Istar.
Myrrh, brought from Arabia, ii. 373.
N
Nabonassar, i. 71.
Nabopolassar, i. 50, 92;
his restoration of Babylon, 134; ii. 200.
Nabou, i. 83.
Nabounid, his discovery of the angle stone of the temple of Ulbar, i. 315; ii. 58.
Nahar-Hammourabi, i. 40.
Nahar-Malcha, i. 40.
Nahr-el-Kelb, ii. 231.
Nahum quoted, i. 51; ii. 313, 372.
Nana, i. 83.
Nebbi-Younas, i. 7, 47;
palace built by Assurbanipal still hidden there, 48; ii. 44.
Nebo (Mercury?) i. 73;
description of his statues, 80;
his place of repose decorated by Nebuchadnezzar, 299;
statue, ii. 126;
statue of, from the time of Vulush III., 217.
Nebuchadnezzar, i. 27, 35;
comparison with Rameses II., 53; ii. 200.
Necklaces, ii. 355.
Ner, i. 346.
Nergal (Mars?), i. 73, 345.
Nestorians, i. 140.
Nicæa, i. 289.
Niebuhr quoted, i. 157;
his opinion as to the possibilities of Assyrian exploration quoted, ii. 4.
Niffer, ii. 306.
Nimrod, his genealogy, i. 15, 17; ii. 269.
Nimroud, i. 7;
to be identified with Calah, 314;
general arrangement of buildings at, 314;
its first exploration by Layard, ii. 5;
arrangement of buildings at, 39;
the central palace, 40;
upper chambers found by Layard, 43;
probably distinct from Nineveh, 60.
Nineveh, its Greek name, i. 7;
changes in historical theory brought about by its exploration, 34;
its destruction, 50;
difficulty of ascertaining the relative ages of the ruins, ii. 36;
its size discussed, 59;
Layard’s opinion as to its size, 61;
a town gate discovered by Layard, 62.
Ninus, i. 7, 33;
represented on the walls of Babylon according to Ctesias, 283;
buried within the palace at Babylon (Diodorus), 361;
extravagant statements of Diodorus as to the size and height of his tomb, 362; ii. 218.
Nipour (or Niffer), i. 38.
Nisroch, i. 78.
Nitocris, ii. 218.
Nœldeke, Th., quoted, i. 34; ii. 61.
Norris, Edwin, quoted, i. 22.
Noushirwan, i. 185.
Nude, the, in Chaldæo-Assyrian sculpture, ii. 92;
the absence of nude figures from the reliefs, 98.
O
Oannes, i. 1, 36, 64, 83;
on Péretié’s plaque, 352; ii. 261, 266.
Obelisks, unsuitableness of the name, i. 257;
their forms, i. 236;
of Shalmaneser II., 258.
Observatory, the Khorsabad, i. 247, 374;
described, 386;
the colours of its stages, 386;
their number, 386;
its awkward position, 391;
suggested use (note by editor), 391.
Oppert, his ethnical theories, i. 19;
quoted, 21, 22, 28, 30, 119;
his estimate of height of temple of Bel, 130, 201;
his mention of colours used on buildings, 280;
decorative painting in Babylonia, 284.
Orders, the, their practical absence from Mesopotamian architecture, i. 132.
Orientation of buildings, i. 311.
Osiris, i. 78, 79.
Ourbaou, ii. 180.
Ourdeys, ii. 73.
Ourkam, i. 35;
the Menes of Chaldæa, 38; ii. 259, 266.
Oysters, carvings upon their shells, ii. 118.
P
Painting, ii. 292;
pigments used, 294.
Palette of the Mesopotamian decorator, i. 283.
Pallacopas, Lake, i. 53.
Palm-bark, represented by Ninevite sculptors, i. 202.
Palmyra, i. 349; ii. 374.
Pamir, i. 21.
Paradise (or Park), ii. 51.
Parasol, ii. 203.
Parthians, succeeded by the Sassanids, i. 57.
Paving, three systems of, i. 238.
Pediment, i. 394.
Péretié, his bronze plaque, i. 349.
Percy, Dr., ii. 312.
Pergamus, ii. 286.
Pericles, ii. 382.
Περὶ φύσεως, the Greek philosophic poems of the sixth century, ii. 397.
Perrot and Chipiez, Art in Ancient Egypt quoted, i. 13, 23, 61, 86, 208, 213, 222, 234, 246, 248, 268, 322; ii. 131–135.
Persepolis, i. 88.
Phidias, i. 58; ii. 286.
Philostratus quoted, i. 299, 379.
Phœnicia, ii. 172.
Phœnicians, their invention of the alphabet, i. 23.
Pictography, i. 31.
Piers, their restricted use, i. 132.
Pigments, ii. 294.
Pilasters, i. 216.
Pinches, T. G., i. 195;
quoted, ii. 213.
Pivots (door-pivots), i. 240.
Place, Victor, quoted, i. 116, 118, 138;
his discovery of a cedar beam at Khorsabad, 140, 148;
his opinion on the roofing question, 163;
statement as to the timber found in the excavations, 164;
his discovery of fragmentary vaulted ceilings among the ruins, 165, 173, 183, 186–189, 191, 192, 202, 208, 224, 243, 248, 266;
loss of his collections in the Tigris, 285;
on the plan of Sargon’s palace at Khorsabad, ii. 32;
his description of the French consulate at Mossoul, ii. 71;
his opinion as to the use of colour in Assyrian architecture, 246.
Planisphere, fragments found at Kouyundjik, i. 72.
Plans, peculiarities of Mesopotamian, i. 328.
Plato, ii. 397.
Plautus, ii. 364.
Plinth, painted black at Khorsabad, i. 272, 291.
Pliny, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
calls the whole of Mesopotamia Assyria, 5, 71;
quoted, ii. 364.
Plutarch (pseudo), treatise on Isis and Osiris, i. 58.
Polychromy, ii. 243;
traces of colour still perceptible on the sculptures in the Louvre and the British Museum, 248;
“natural polychromy,” 249.
Polydemonism, i. 62.
Polytheism, a development from the worship of stars and planets, i. 75.
Pompeii, i. 139.
Pongnon, ii. 61, 226.
Population, elements of the P. in Mesopotamia, i. 13.
Porches, i. 218.
Porphyrius, i. 71.
Portes ornées, Khorsabad, i. 217, 227.
Pottery, ii. 298.
Praxiteles, i. 58; ii. 286.
Prisse d’Avennes quoted, i. 305.
Proportions of early Assyrian figures, ii. 203.
Prostitutions, religious, at Babylon, i. 89, 377.
Ptah, i. 78, 79.
Ptolemy, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
his astronomical canon, i. 71.
Pyrgoteles, ii. 263.
R
Racine, ii. 71.
Raman, i. 75; ii. 89.
Rassam, H., his discovery of a metal threshold at Borsippa, i. 241, 256;
his explorations under Sir H. Rawlinson’s surveillance, ii. 7;
excavations at Kouyundjik, 48, 118.
Rawlinson, Prof., his description of the physical characteristics of Chaldæa, i. 2, 47, 71, 80, 211, 277;
quoted, ii. 1;
quoted in connection with Semiramis, and her possible identification with Sammouramit, 218;
on the question of polychromy, 247.
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, quoted, i. 22, 156;
his explorations, ii. 7.
Rehoboth, i. 14.
Rennell, his Herodotus quoted, i. 281.
Repoussé work, ii. 116.
Resen, i. 14, 122.
Rhea, i. 374.
Rhind, H., i. 279.
Rhodes, ii. 286.
Rich, his observations, on the construction of vaults by the native builders of Mesopotamia, i. 167, 261;
colours used in decoration, 280.
Roads, for military purposes, ii. 74;
used by Mesopotamian commerce, 374.
Rollin, i. 33.
Rome, ii. 286.
Roofs, discussion as to how Mesopotamian buildings were roofed, i. 160.
Ross, his geological explorations, i. 4, n2.
Rouet, M., ii. 225.
Ruelle, Ch. E., i. 58.
Ruth quoted, ii. 70.
S
Sacred tree, i. 212.
Sacrifices, human, asserted allusions to them on the cylinders, ii. 268.
Sagaraktyas, i. 315.
Saïd-Hassan, ii. 174.
Samarah, i. 3.
Samas, i. 83;
tablet of Sippara, 200; ii. 90, 193, 266.
Samas-Vul II., stele of, ii. 209, 354.
Sammouramit (? Semiramis), ii. 217.
Samsibin, i. 39.
Sandals, in the reliefs, ii. 247.
Sarbistan, i. 169, 186.
Sardanapalus, i. 43;
the Greek myth, 52, 187; ii. 59.
Sargon, i. 43, 105;
stele of, found near Larnaca, ii. 219.
Saryoukin, see Sargon.
Sarzec, M. de, his discoveries at Tello, i. 24, 279;
quoted, 382; ii. 33, 141.
Sassanids, successors of the Parthians, i. 57.
Sayce, A. H., quoted, i. 33, 69; ii. 263, 346.
Scabbard, ii. 164, 345.
Sceptres, how coloured in the reliefs, ii. 247.
Schenafieh, ii. 176.
Schlumberger, G., his fragments of the Balawat gates, i. 242; ii. 213.
Schulze, ii. 232.
Screw of Archimedes, its asserted use at Babylon, ii. 31.
Sculpture, absence of women from the reliefs, i. 111;
practically confined to war and hunting, 111;
its principal themes, ii. 78;
its fondness for fantastic animals, 79;
treatment of the nude, 92;
the absence of nude figures from the reliefs, 98;
documentary character of Assyrian sculpture, 101;
epic or newspaper? 103;
want of variety in the composition of the reliefs, 104;
its appearance of improvisation, 104;
materials used, 109;
use of clay, 113;
terra-cotta statuettes, 114;
its principal conventions, 125;
statue of Nebo, 126;
of Assurnazirpal, 126;
the principles of the bas-reliefs, 128;
peculiarities of Assyrian statues and figures in relief, 130;
the Assyrian type, 135;
are the Assyrian statues Iconic? 138;
representations of animals, 142;
proportions of early Assyrian figures, 203;
its power of selection, 207;
in the reign of Sargon, 219;
picturesque details introduced in the time of Sennacherib, 223;
Egyptian and Assyrian contrasted, 281;
do. 385.
Scythians, their invasion of Western Asia, i. 49.
Seal, in universal use in Babylonia, ii. 251.
Seistan, i. 2.
Sekhet, i. 78.
Seleucia, i. 54, 93, 223.
Seleucidæ, i. 5, 157.
Seleucus Nicator, i. 54.
Seljukian period, carved lions from, i. 262.
Semi-domes, i. 173.
Semiramis, i. 33;
represented on the walls of Babylon according to Ctesias, 283, 361;
her palaces, ii. 34, 217.
Semnat, ii. 394.
Senkereh (or Larsam), i. 38.
Sennacherib, i. 43;
his death, 103, 105;
state of sculpture during his reign, ii. 223;
his appearance in the Bavian sculptures, ii. 229.
Seraglio, at Khorsabad, ii. 16.
Serdabs, i. 139, 383.
Sesostris, i. 33.
Seti, ii. 395.
Sewers, system of, in palaces, i. 227.
Sexagesimal system, the, of the Babylonians, ii. 398.
Shah-Nameh, the, i. 20.
Shalmaneser II., i. 43, 105;
the gates made for him, 242; ii. 40;
his obelisk, ii. 110.
Sharezer, i. 103.
Shat-el-Arab, i. 7.
Shat-el-Hai, ii. 174.
Shem, i. 15.
Shield, votive, from Lake Van, ii. 347.
Shinar, i. 14, 18.
Sidon, i. 16.
Silius Italicus, ii. 364.
Sills, i. 239.
Silver, i. 299.
Simplicius, his statement as to Babylonian astronomy, i. 71.
Sin, Assyrian god, i. 201.
Sinjar, i. 178; ii. 110.
Sippara, i. 38, 53, 200; ii. 90.
Sirtella, see Tello.
Sittacenia, i. 177.
Smith, George, quoted, i. 36;
his recognition of the true characters of the Cypriot alphabet, 44;
translator of texts from Assurbanipal’s library, 48, 71;
his discovery of limestone bases in the palace of Assurbanipal, 220, 237, 276;
enamelled brick found by him at Nimroud, 293;
his discovery of an account of Istar’s descent into limbo, 344;
his explorations, ii. 7;
résumé of the monumental history of Calah (Nimroud), 37;
his description of the site of Arbela, 48;
his discovery of a small model bull at Nimroud, 115.
Sockets, granite, &c., for the door-pivots, i. 242;
from Balawat, 243.
Sodom, i. 199.
Soldi, E., ii. 253;
his description of the process of gem engraving quoted, 259.
Somalis, ii. 373.
Sorcery, Chaldæan belief in, i. 65.
Soury, ii. 397.
Spoons, metal, ii. 351.
Staged-towers, difficulty of restoring them accurately, i. 364;
their monotonous appearance, 366;
their resemblance to a stepped pyramid, 366;
description of temple of Bel by Herodotus, 366;
their various types restored, 370–382;
their ruins discussed, 382–391.
Staircases, i. 189–192.
Steatite, ii. 190.
Steles, their characteristic forms, i. 236;
fluted S. with palmette, 258;
rock-cut S. at Kouyundjik, 259.
Stone, no dressed S. to be found at Babylon, i. 120;
bridge at B. said to have been built of stone, 120.
Strabo, quoted by Rawlinson, i. 4;
carries western frontier of Assyria up to Syria, 5, 54;
height of temple of Bel, 130;
ruined state of the temple in his time, 137;
his statement as to the prevalence of vaults in Babylon, 169, 176; ii. 251.
Stylus, for cutting the wedges, i. 28.
Styx, i. 354.
Sully-Prudhomme, his lines to the Venus of Milo quoted, ii. 249.
Sumer, i. 21, 59.
Sumerian system, the, i. 29.
Surface decoration in Chaldæa, i. 245.
Susa, date of its capture by Assurbanipal, i. 36, 52;
its palace intrigues, 96.
Susiana, i. 17.
Sybel, L. von, ii. 285.
Syene, i. 94.
Syllabaries, Assyrian, i. 23.
Syncellus, Georgius, i. 51.
Syria, ii. 172.
Syriac, the dominant language in the early centuries of our era, i. 18.
T
Tablets of gold, silver, antimony, copper, and lead, found at Khorsabad, i. 319.
Tacitus, i. 5.
Tadmor, see Palmyra.
Takht-i-Khosro, i. 170, 185.
Tammouz, i. 344.
Tardieu, Amédée, i. 177.
Tartan, or Grand Vizer, i. 96.
Tauthé, i. 83.
Taylor, J. E., quoted, i. 39, 118, 155;
his explorations of the mounds near the Persian Gulf, 158, 200, 222, 279, 281;
his explorations at Abou-Sharein, 371; ii. 256.
Teheran, i. 289.
Tell-Amran (or, Tell-Amran-ibn-Ali), ii. 35.
Tello, i. 24, 279, 312;
angle-stones and foundation talismans found at T., i. 316, 383; ii. 33, 163;
the discoveries made by M. de Sarzec described, 174;
subjects of the reliefs, 177.
Temenos, i. 128.
Temple, subordinate types of, i. 391–6.
(see also Staged towers).
Tents, their forms, i. 175.
Teradas, i. 10.
Terah, i. 15.
Terra-cotta statuettes, early Chaldæan, ii. 195.
Tête-de-pont, on the Balawat gates, ii. 214.
Texier quoted, i. 122;
description of the great mosque at Ispahan, 287.
Textiles, ii. 363.
Thapsacus, ii. 374.
Thebes, i. 56.
Thomas, Felix, his opinion on the roofing question, i. 163, 224.
Thothmes III., ii. 284.
Thresholds, i. 239;
sometimes of metal, 241.
Thunderbolt, origin of the classic form of, i. 75.
Tidjaris, ii. 312.
Tiele, his Manuel des Religions quoted, i. 60, 86, 89.
Tiglath-Pileser I., i. 39; ii. 203.
Tiglath-Pileser II., i. 43; ii. 101, 218.
Tigris, its inundations, i. 9.
Tiles, glazed; the manufacture not extinct in India (note by editor), i. 287;
with central boss, 294.
Toilet, articles of, ii. 349.
Tomb, comparison between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian T., i. 336;
absence of funerary inscriptions, 336;
no Assyrian tombs yet discovered, 336;
conjectures as to how the Assyrians disposed of their dead, 337;
Loftus’s explanation perhaps the best, 338;
the principle of the Chaldæan tomb similar to that of the Mastaba, 355;
its shape, 356–360;
its situation, 360–364.
Transliteration, difficulties of, i. 17.
Trees, how indicated in the reliefs, ii. 207, 223.
Tree of Life, i. 212.
Tripods, ii. 323.
Tunica talaria, ii. 94.
Turanians, said to form part of the early population of Chaldæa, i. 19;
etymology of the word, 20, 22.
Turkish compared to the tongue of early Chaldæa, i. 19.
Turks, their bad administration, i. 11.
Tyre, i. 16.
U
Ulbar, temple of, its angle-stone, i. 315.
Unicorn, the, in Assyrian sculpture, ii. 164.
Ur, i. 1, 15, 38, 47; ii. 265.
Uroukh (or Erech), i. 38;
the stones worshipped in its chief temple, 62.
V
Van, Lake, i. 395; ii. 213;
remains of furniture found there, 314.
Vaults, their common use in Mesopotamia, i. 144;
their construction without centres, 167;
their prevalence in Babylon according to Strabo, 169;
at Firouz-Abad, 169;
at Sarbistan, 169;
of Sargon’s gateways, 224.
Vegetation, marsh, ii. 223.
Ventilating pipes in Chaldæan buildings, i. 157.
Virgil quoted, i. 64.
Vitruvius quoted, i. 116.
Voguë, de M., ii. 314.
Volcanoes in the valley of the Khabour, i. 121.
Volutes, i. 205, 209.
Vulnirari III., ii. 40.
Vulush III., ii. 217.
W
Walls, construction of, i. 147;
height of W. at Khorsabad, 151;
ornamentation of W. at Khorsabad, 151;
of Babylon, as described by Diodorus after Ctesias, 282;
of Dour-Saryoukin, their good preservation, 282;
height of the W. of Babylon, ii. 63.
Warka (the ancient Erech), i. 24, 38, 245, 272;
palace at, ii. 33, 256, 306, 308.
Wedges, the, i. 21;
compared with the hieroglyphs and Chinese characters, 21;
original constitution of, 23;
originally perhaps cut on bark of trees, 27;
terra-cotta peculiarly well adapted for them, 28;
their ideographic origin, 29.
Weights, Mesopotamian, ii. 220.
Wheat, the origin of its cultivation, ii. 399.
Windows, i. 236.
Winged bulls, their height, i. 268;
small model bull from Nimroud, ii. 113.
Wuswas, i. 245, 272, 371; ii. 33.
X
Xenephon, i. 112, 151;
his Anabasis quoted, ii. 59.
Xerxes, ii. 201.
Xisouthros, the Chaldæan Noah, i. 36, 315.
Y
Yang-tse-kiang, ii. 375.
Yezidis, their houses, i. 178;
their religious beliefs, ib.; ii. 71.
Z
Zab, the great, i. 6; ii. 225.
Zagros, i. 6, 39.
Zalalu, i. 345.
Zarpanitu, see Istar.
Zebu, ii. 373.
Zend, the study of, a preparation for deciphering the wedges, ii. 4.
Zephaniah, quoted, i. 302.
Zeus, i. 369, 374.
Zigguratt, see Staged towers.
Zodiac, signs of, origin of, i. 70.
THE END.
LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS.