Part 5 — INDEX

Adze, Indian, 11

— Japanese, 15

Air-chambers, 318, 319 (footnote)

— dried stock, 164. See Seasoning.

— drying, 36-40, 522-524

— pure, 277-279

— tanks, 318, 319 (footnote)

Alkanet root, 498

Ammonia (for staining), 495, 497

Angle-blocks. See Corner-blocks, 365

Angles, determining, with bevel, 350

Angular bit-brace, 352

Animals, houses for, 126-140

Annual rings, 29

Anvil, 77, 344

Apparatus, athletic and gymnastic. See Gymnastic Apparatus and Implements for Outdoor Sports.

Apple (wood), 512

Apron, 56

Arbours, 291-293

Arcs, describing circular, 364, 365

Arkansas stone, 434

Ash, 512

— sapwood, 42, 510

Auger-bit, 352

Awl, Japanese, 15

Awls, 344, 345

Axe, 345

Backbone, ice-boat, 334

Back-saw, 469

Backs for case work, 194

Balcony, 295, 297

Ball and block, 219

Balloon frame, 280

Bar, horizontal, 166-168, 173

Bars, parallel, 164-166

bassōōlăh, 11, 12

Basswood, 512

Bath-house, 293, 294

Batteau, 299-314

Battening, 282

Bayberry tallow, 378

Baywood. See Mahogany.

Beading, 198, 345, 346

— -planes, 451

Bead-scraper, 345, 346

Beams. See Collar-beams, beams, etc.

Beech, 512

Bench, filing-, 75-77

— finishing-, 77

— hook, 86-88

— stop, 71-75

— top, 62, 63, 74, 536

— vise, 65-71, 74, 101, 536

— work-, 57-65, 101, 536, 537

Bending wood, 40, 346-349

Bevel, 349, 350

Bevelling, 350, 351, 357

— edges of sides of boat, 305

Big trees, 520

Birch, 512, 513

— model (canoe), 325, 326

Bird-houses. See Houses for animals.

Bird's-eye maple, 517

Bit-brace, 351, 352

— angular, 352

— maker, 22

— use of, 353-356 (Boring)

— where to keep, 83

Bits, 352, 353

— arrangement, 83

— maker, 22

Bit-stock. See Bit-brace.

Black birch, 512, 513

— bone-, 498

— cherry, 514

— ivory-, 498

Black, lamp-, 498

— walnut, 513

Blind dovetailing, 373

— nailing, 432

Block-form, 176, 240

— -plane, 449

Board, sprung, for pressure, 362

— -measure, 47, 48

Boarding, outside, 269

Boards, definition of, 46

— matched-, 46, 47

— or planks, laying exposed, 353

— splitting, 527-529

Boat-building, 298-343

— house-, 339-343

— -houses, 294-297

— ice-, 332-339

Boats, toy, hulls of, 227-237

— (windmill), 114, 115

Bob-sled, 156-163

Body plan, 229, 230 (footnote)

Boiled oil, 437 (Painting)

Bone-black, 498

Bookcase and lounge, 211

— dwarf, 196

— low, 196

— pinned ("knock-down"), 195

— wall, or hanging, 186, 187

— with cupboard, 197

— with desk, 198-200

Bookcases, 193-200

Book-rack, 183, 184

— -shelf, hanging, 185

Booths, play, 241-249

Boring, 353-356

— Japanese, 15

Bow-gun, 154

— -saw, 469, 470

Boxes, 219, 227

Box-making, 219-227

Boxwood, 513

Brace for bits. See Bit-brace.

— -joint, 411

Braced frame, 280

Braces, corner, for house frames, 266

Brad-awl, 344, 345

— holes made by, 430

Brake for sleds, 160-163

British oak, 518

Broad-leaved trees, 511

Bruises and cuts, 86

Bruises in wood, to take out, 356

Brushes, 356

— care of, 440

Buck. See Vaulting-horse.

"Built-up" stock, 409, 410, 530, 531

Bull-nosed-plane, 450

Burnisher for scraper, 487

Butternut, 513

Butt-joint, 408

Buttonwood. See Sycamore.

Buying lumber, suggestions about, 36-45. See also Seasoning.

— tools, suggestions about, 15-22

Cabinet-clamps. See Clamps.

— corner-, 190, 191

— for guns, fishing-rods, etc., 215, 216

— for tools and supplies, 96-101

— medicine, 191, 193

— music, 200, 201

— wall, or hanging, 186, 189, 190

— -work. See Furniture.

Cabins, 241-259

Cages for animals, 126-140

Calcined plaster, 403

Calipers, 356

Camping-houses. See House-building for Beginners.

Canoe, "birch" model, 325, 326

— canvas-covered, 317-328

— flat-bottomed, 311-317

— " " (canvas-covered), 313, 314

Canvas-covered canoe (flat-bottomed), 313, 314

— canoes, 317-328

Canvas, covering canoe with, 322, 323

— deck, 317

— painting, 323

Cap (plane-iron), 451, 452

Care of stock, 44

— of tools, 22, 23

Carlins, 325, 329

Carpentry, Japanese, 12-15

Carving-tools, 20, 357

— makers of, 22

Case, centre-board, 330, 331

— music, 200, 201

Casing for doors, 269

— for doors and windows, 272

Catalpa, 522

Caulking, 302, 303, 330

Cedar, 513, 514

Centre-bit, 352

— -board, 330, 331

— -board trunk, 330, 331

— -table, 206, 207

Chain, wooden, 218, 219

Chair, outdoor, 210

— -table, 212-214

Chalk, 416

— -line, 416

Chamfering, 350, 351, 357

Charring wood, 263, 264, 525

Checking of lumber, 31, 42, 526

Cherry, 514

Chestnut, 514

Chests, 219-227

Chimney. See Smoke-pipe.

Chip (of plane), 453

Chisels, 357-359

— arrangement of, 83

— makers of, 22

— sharpening. See Sharpening.

— use of, 358, 359, 421-423, 442-444

Chopping-block, 86

— wood. See Splitting Wood.

Circles and arcs, describing, 364, 365

Circular-plane, 450

Clamping, 71, 359-363 (Clamps), 395, 461

Clamps, 71, 359-363, 395, 461. See also Hand-screws.

Clapboarding, 273, 274

Clapboards, 48, 274

Cleaner for furniture, etc., 386

Cleating, 53, 363, 364

Cleats. See Cleating.

— for rowlocks, 301, 302, 306

Clinching nails, 431

Club-house, 296, 297

Coal-tar, 525

Coaming, 316, 320, 325, 331

Collar-beams, 287

Collection of specimens of wood, 44, 507, 508

Colour of lumber, 40

"Combination" articles (furniture), 198-200, 211-214

"Combination" planes, 451

Compartments (pigeon-holes), 200

— water-tight, 318, 319 (footnote)

Compasses, 364, 365. See also Scribing.

Compass-plane. See Circular-plane.

— -saw, 469, 470

Concealed nailing. See Blind- and Sliver-nailing, 432

Conifers, 511

Coop, 129

Cord, twisted, for pressure, 362

Corner-blocks, 365

— book-shelves and seat, 212

— -braces for house frame, 266

— -chisel, 358

— -posts, 265, 266

— -seat and shelves, 212

— -shelves or cabinets, 190, 191

"Cottage Row," 271-276

Cottages, simple summer, 271-290

Cottonwood, 514

Couch with bookcase, etc., 211

Countersink, 365, 478

Cracking of lumber, 31, 42, 526

Cracks and holes, to fill, 384, 403, 404

— flashing, 273

Creosote, 525

— -stains, 270, 525

Cricket, or footstool, 210

Crooked grain, 529, 530

Crossbow, 154

Cross-cutting-saw, 466, 467

— -grained stock, 40, 41, 529, 530

Cupboard. See Cabinet.

Cup-shakes, 531

Curling of lumber, 32-34, 409, 410, 502, 526-531

Curves, sawing, 180

— trimming or paring, 443

Cut-nails, 433

— best for shingling, 270

Cuts and bruises, 86

Cutting the log, 31-35

— the tree. See Felling.

Cutting-edges, 25-28. See also Sharpening.

— -pliers, 366

Cutwater, 309-311

Cypress, 514, 515

Daggers, wooden, 106, 107

Deal, 519, 521

Decay and preservation, 41, 524-526

Deck, 329

— canvas, 317

— for toy boats, 236

— timbers, 325, 329

Deliquescent stem, 508

Designing, 175-177, 239-241, 276, 534, 535

Desk and bookcase, 198-200

— -rack, 184, 185

Dimension stock, 45

Dividers. See Compasses.

Dog-fish skin, 381

Dog-houses, 133-136

Dogwood, 522

Dolls' house, 121-125

Door, 247

—and window frames, space for, 266

— -casings, 269, 272

Doors and panels, 366-372

—and windows, sizes of, 276

— sliding, 132, 133

Double-bladed paddle, 328

— -ironed planes, 451

— -runner, 156-163

Dovetailing, 372, 373

Dowelling, 374-376

Dowel-plate, 376

Dowels, 374

Dragon's blood, 498

Drainage, 278, 279

Drawboring, 426

Drawer, or lap, dovetailing, 373

Drawers, 101, 376-378

Drawing nails, 504, 505

Drawings, working, 49, 50, 532-536

Draw-knife or draw-shave, 378, 379

— use of, 442-444

Draw-stroke, 26-28, 351, 378, 379, 443, 444, 456

Drill, primitive, 10

— -stock, 379

Drills, 379

Driving nails. See Nailing.

Dry rot, 526

— situation, 277

Dryer, 438 (Painting)

Drying lumber, methods of, 36-40, 523, 524

Duck's-bill-bit, 353

Dwarf bookcase, 196

Ebony, 48, 515

Edges, cutting, 25-28. See also Sharpening.

Elasticity, 40, 511

— loss of, 37, 524

Elder, 522

Elevations, 532-534

Elm, 515

— sapwood, 42, 510

End-grain, 529

— planing, 457

Essentials to successful work, 102

Estimating, 54, 55

Excurrent trunk, 508

Expansion and contraction, 30-33, 50-53, 225, 526-531

— bit, 352

Face (of plane), 445

— (of stock), 54

Facing edges of case work, 198

Farm school, 271

Felling and seasoning, 522-524. See also Seasoning.

Figured stock. See Grain of Wood.

File-card, 381

Files, 379-381

— maker of, 22

Filing, 379-381

— -bench, 75-77

— saw-, 485-487 (Sharpening)

Filler, wood, 385 (Finishing)

Finishing, 182, 183, 381-386

— -bench, 77

Fin-keel type, 229-236

Fir. See Pine and Spruce.

Firmer-chisel, 357, 359

Fishing-lodges. See House-building for Beginners.

Fish-plates, 411

Flashing, 257, 258, 272, 273

Flatboat, 299-308

Flat-bottomed boats, 299-317

Floor-beams, 254, 255, 266, 267, 287, 288, 296

Flooring for canoe, 323

— rift-, 36

Floors, 254, 255, 266-268, 287, 288, 296

Flower-pot stands, 201, 202, 207

Footstool or cricket, 210

Fore-plane, 447, 448

Forests, preservation of, 509

Forms for bending. See Moulds.

Foundation, 259, 260, 262-264, 279

Frame for buildings, 249, 250, 254, 265-269, 272, 279, 280, 286, 287, 296. See also Houses for Animals.

— balloon, 280

— braced and mortised, 280

— for boat. See Moulds and Boat-building for Beginners.

Frames, door and window, sizes of, 276;

spaces for, 266

— picture-, 216, 217

Framing-chisels, 358

Framing (doors and panels). See Doors and Panels.

— (house). See Frame for Buildings.

— -square, 495

French polishing, 385, 386

Frogs, turtles, lizards, etc., tank for, 139, 140

Front elevation, 532

Fungi, 41, 43, and Decay and Preservation, 524-526

Furniture, 175-217

— repairing, 460-462

Gain, 288 (Fig. 399)

Gauge, 386-390

— for bevels and chamfers, 351

— makers, 22

Gauging. See Gauge.

Georgia pine, 520

Giant swing, 172, 173

Gimlet, 390

— -bit, 353

Glass for scraper, 473, 474

— setting, 391

Glazing, 391

Glue. See Gluing.

Glued-joints, 360 (footnote), 392, 393

(footnote). See also Gluing, Clamps,

Hand-screws, and Repairing Furniture.

— clamping, 359-363

— rubbing, 365 (Corner-blocks)

Glue-pot, 396

Gluing, 391-396. See also Clamps, Hand-screws, and Repairing Furniture.

— old work. See Repairing Furniture.

Glycerine, 434

Gouge, 396-398

— -bit, 353

Gouges, arrangement of, 83

— makers of, 22

Grain of wood, 30, 33-36, 40

— crooked or cross-grained, 35, 36, 40, 529, 530

Grinding. See Sharpening.

Grindstone, 398

— use of, 480-482

Grooving, 185, 187, 398

Gum (wood), 522

Gun-cabinet, etc., 215, 216

Guns and pistols (wooden), 152-154

Gunwale strip, 306, 317, 320

Gymnastic apparatus, 163-174

Half-breadth plan, 229, 230

Half-round file, 380

Halving (halved-joints), 399, 400

Hammer, 400

— use of. See Nailing, 428-430, and also 504, 505

Handles, etc., oiling, 23

Hand-screws, 400-402

— use of, 71, 400-402, 461

Hanging bookcase, 186, 187

— book-shelf, 185

"Happy Jack," 112-114

Hard pine, 519, 520

— wood, 45

Hatchet, 402

— use of, 441, 442

Headledges, 330, 331

Heart, crooked, 529, 530

— shakes, 531

— wood, 29, 42, 43, 510

Hemlock, 515

Hen-houses. See Houses for Animals and House-building for Beginners.

Hickory, 515

— sapwood, 510

Hinges, 247, 402, 403

Hip-rafters, 284

Hip-roof, 284-286

Holes and cracks, to fill, 384, 403, 404

Hollow and round planes, 451

Holly, 516

Horizontal bar, 166-168, 173

Hornbeam, 522

Horse, vaulting-, 170-172

Horses, or trestles, 88-90

House, bath-, 293, 294

— -boats, 339-343

— -building for beginners, 238-297

— designing, 239-241

— situation, 239. See also Houses.

Housed joint, 424 and Fig. 557

Houses, boat-, 294-297

— club-, 296, 297

— dolls', 121-125

— for animals, 126-140

— play-, 241-259

— portable, 247, 248

— summer-, 291-293. See also House.

Housing (housed joint). 424 and Fig. 557

Hunting-lodges. See House-building for Beginners.

Hutch, rabbit, 132, 133

Ice-boat, small, 332-339

Indian turning, 10, 11

Inside calipers, 356

Iron (of plane), 445

— painting, 438

Ironwood, 522

Isometric projection or perspective, 535

Ivory black, 498

Jack-knife. See Knife, 411, 412

— -plane, 446, 447

— -rafter, 284

Japan, 438 (Painting)

— varnish, 438

Japanese carpenter's vise, 13

— carpentry, 12-15

— lacquer, 383 (footnote)

— tools, 14, 15

Jointer, 448

Jointing, 360 (footnote), 404-408, 491 (Shooting-board)

Joints, 221, 222

Joints and splices, 408-411

— for gluing, 360, 392, 393 (footnote). See Glued-joints.

— housed, 424 and Fig. 557

— in exposed work, painting, 439, 440

— mitred. See Mitring.

— relished, 425

Joists, definition, 47

Keel, 316, 323, 324, 327

— built up, 237

— (skag), 307

Keelson, 320

Kennel, 133-136

Kerfing. See Bending Wood, 346

Keyhole-saw, 470

Kiln-drying, 37-40. See Seasoning.

King-bolt, 158

Knees, 314

Knife, 411, 412

— makers, 22

— putty, 459

— sharpening, 480, 484

— use of, 442-444

Knives, wooden, 106, 107

"Knock-down" construction, 195

Lacquer, Japanese, 383 (footnote)

Ladders (gymnastic), 173

Lampblack, 498

Lancewood, 516

Lap or drawer dovetailing, 373

Lard oil, 434

Lathe, primitive Indian, 10, 11

Laths, 48

Lattice-work, 282, 291, 292

Laying out the work, 50-54

Lead (of plane-iron), 452

— over door-and window-casings, 272, 273

— red, 438 (Painting)

— white. See Painting.

Lean-to, 241-250

— addition, 281, 282

— roof, frame for, 250

Ledger-board, 296

Leg-of-mutton sail, 332

Leopard wood, 48

Level, 96, 412

— makers, 22

Levelling tables, horses, chairs, etc., 479, 480, 504

Lighthouse, 120

Lignum-vitæ, 516

Lime-water, 497, 498

Linden. See Basswood.

Linseed oil. See Finishing, Painting (437), and Staining.

Lizards, frogs, turtles, etc., tank for, 139, 140

Live oak, 518

Load water-line, 230 (footnote)

Location of house, 277-279

Locks, 412, 413

Locust, 516

Log, cutting the, 31-35

Long jointer, 448

Lounge with bookcase, etc., 211

Lumber, characteristics. See Chapter III. (Wood), and 510-522

— charring, 263, 264, 525

— checking and cracking, 31, 42, 526

— colour of, 40

— cross-grained, 40, 41, 529, 530

— curling and warping, 32-34, 41, 409, 502, 526-531

— definition, 45

— dressed, 45, 46

— rift, 35, 36

— sawing, 31-35. See also Expansion and Contraction.

— seasoning, 36-40, 42, 164, 177, 178, 522-524

— selection of, 33-45

— stacking, 39

— swelling and shrinking, 30-35, 50-53, 225, 526-531

— undressed, 45

— wany, 40

— warped, 41. See Warping.

— winding, 41. See Winding.

M, 47

Mahogany, 516

— cracks in, 42

Mallet, 414

Maple, 517

Marking, 414-416

— -awl. See Awl and Marking.

— distances. See Rule, 465

— -gauge. See Gauge.

Mason's square, 261

Masts, 331

Matched-boards, 46, 47

— striking, 245

Matching-planes, 21, 47, 451

Maxims, 102

Measurements. See Rule, and also 47, 48, 50, 59, 167(footnote), 244, 261

Measuring. See Measurements.

Measuring-rod, 53

Medicine-cabinet, 191, 193

Medullary rays, 29, 30

Middle-boards, 34, 35, 523

Mirror-plates, 416

Mirrors, setting, 391

Mitre. See Mitring.

— -board, 92, 93

— -box, 90-92

— dovetailing, 373

— shooting-board, 94

— -square, 349

Mitring, 221, 417-419

Models, 240

Mortise and tenon. See Mortising.

Mortise-chisels, 358

— -gauge, 387

— open, 400

Mortised frame, 280

Mortising, 419-428

Mouldings, 48, 197, 198 (footnote)

Moulds (for bending), 348, 349

— (for boat), 304, 307, 309, 310, 315, 316, 319, 320

Mouth (of plane), 445, 452, 453

Music-case, 200, 201

Nailing, 428-433

Nails, 433

— copper and galvanised, 300

— for shingling, 270

— how to keep, 85

— use of, 430-433 (Nailing)

— withdrawing, 504, 505

Nail-set, 433, 434

Needle-leaved trees, 511

Nippers, 434, 445

Norway pine, 519

— spruce, 521

Notch-boards, 289

Oak, 517, 518

Oak, quartered, 34

Oblique projections, 535

Odd-jobs, 434

Oil, 434

— -finish, 381

— linseed, See Finishing, Painting, and Staining.

Oiling handles, etc., 23

Oil-stone, 434, 435

— box for, 85

— use of, See Sharpening.

Open mortise and tenon, 400

Operations, some every-day, 344-505

Outdoor seat, 210

Outside calipers, 356

Overshot water-wheels, 117, 118

Packing-cases, 225

Paddles, 327, 328

Paint, See Painting.

Painting, 435-441

— canvas, 323

— shingles, 270

Panels, 366-372 (Doors and Panels)

Panel-saw, 466

Parallel bars, 164-166

— projection, 535

Paring, 441-444

— -chisel, See Chisel 357, 358

Parting tool, See Carving Tools.

Patterns for bending, See Moulds.

Pear (wood), 518

Pencil, See Marking, 414

Perspective, isometric, 535

Piazza, 283, 287-289

Picture-frames, 216, 217

Pigeon-holes, 200

— -houses. See Houses for Animals.

Piers, 259, 260, 279

Piles, 524

Pincers, 445

Pine, 518-520

Pinning mortise and tenon, 425

Pins for mortise and tenon, 426

Pipe-rack, 188, 189

Pistols and guns (wooden), 152-154

Pitch, 525

— pine, 520

Pith, crooked, 529, 530

Plan, 532-534

— (boat), 229, 230

Plane, 445-458

— how to hold, 446, 447

— -iron, adjusting, 453, 454

— sharpening, See Sharpening.

— wooden jack- or fore-, holding, 446 See Planes.

Planer-marks, 458

Planes, Japanese, 13, 14

— makers, 22

— where to keep, 82

— wooden, oiling, 23. See Plane.

Planing down stock, 44

Planks, definition, 47

— laying, See Boards, laying.

— splitting, See Boards, splitting.

Plans, See Working Drawings.

Plant-stands, 201, 202, 207

Plaster of Paris, 403

Plates, 266

Play-houses, -booths, or -stores, 241-259

— "Cottage Row," 271, 276

— -village, 118-121, 271, 276

Pliers, 445

— cutting-, 366

Plough, 21, 451. See Plane.

Plum (wood), 520

Plumb, 96, 458

Pod-bit, 353

Pole, sprung, for pressure, 362

— for skis, 148

Poles (for gymnastics), 173

Polishing, 385, 386

Poplar, 522

Posts, corner-, 265, 266

— foundation, 262-264

— setting, 262, 263

Potash, bichromate of, 498

Poultry-houses, See House-building for Beginners and Houses for Animals.

Preservation of wood, decay and, 524-526

— of forests, 509

Pressure, means of applying, See Clamps and Hand-screws.

Projections, oblique or parallel, and isometric, 535

Proportions of structures, 176, 240

Punch (for nails), See Nail-set, 433, 434

Punts and scows, 299-308

Purlins, 268

Putty, 459

— -knife, 459

— use of, 403, 439

Quartered oak, 34, 179

Queen-bolts, 159

Quill-bit, 353

Rabbet, 185, 187, 459

— -hutch, 132, 133

— -plane. See Plane 450, 451

Rack, for books, 183, 184

— for pipes, 188, 189

— for table or desk, 184, 185

— for tools, 83, 84

Rafters, 282

— arrangement of, 287

— hip-, 284

— jack-, 284

— laying out, 268

Rails (of door or panel work), 370

— (of table), 204

Rasp, 460

Rasping. See Filing.

Ratchet-brace, 351

Ratchets (for shelves), 489

Rat-tailed file, 380

Raw oil. See Painting, 437

Rays, medullary, 29, 30

Reamers, 353

Rear elevation, 532

Red cedar, 514

— deal, 519

— fir, 519

— lead, 438 (Painting)

— oak, 518

— pine, Canadian, 519

Redwood, 520

Relishing (relished joint), 425

Repairing furniture, 460-462

Ribbands, 320

Ribs, 314, 321, 324, 325

— bending. See Bending Wood.

Ridge-board, 268

Rift-flooring, 36

— stock, 35, 36

Rings, annual, 29

— swinging (gymnastic), 173

Ripping-saw, 468, 469 (Saw)

Risers, 289

Rivets, 462

Rock elm, 515

— maple, 517

Rod, measuring, 53

Roof-boards, 268

— -timbers, 268

— durability of, 525

Roofing-paper, 246, 258

Roofs, 128, 268-270

— for house-boat, 341, 342

— hip-, 284-286

— lean-to, shed, or single-pitched, 241, 250

— overhang of, 282

Rope twisted for pressure, 362

Rosewood, 520

Rot, wet and dry, 526

Rounding sticks, 462-465

— form for, 95, 96

Router, See Plane, 451

Rowboat, small, 308-311

Rowboats, 299-317

Rowlocks, 302, 306, 313

Rubbing down, 384

Rule, 465

— makers, 22

Ruler, marking by, 415

Runner-board, ice-boat, 334

Runners, ice-boat, 335-338

Running foot, 48, 244

Runway for animals, 128, 276

Rust, preventing, 23

Rustic summer houses and arbours, 292, 293

Saddle-boards, 269

Sail-boat, small, 311, 328-332

Sail, leg-of-mutton, 332

— sprit-, 332

San Domingo mahogany, 517

Sandpaper, 465, 466

— block, 466

Sandpapering. See Sandpaper.

Sanitary precautions, 277-279

Sap, 30

Sapwood, 29, 42, 43, 510

Sassafras, 522

Satinwood, 521

Saw, 466-473

— -filing, 485-487 (Sharpening)

Saw-set, 473

Sawing. See Saw.

— curves, 180

— joints to fit, 410

— log, ways of, 30-35

— lumber, 31-35

Saws, Japanese, 14, 15

— makers, 22

— where to keep, 82

Scale (for drawings), 533

Scarfing, bevelled, or splaying, 410, 411

Schedule of materials, 55

Scoring with cuts. See Paring.

Scotch fir, 519

— pine, 519

Scows and punts, 299-308

Scrap-boxes, 85

Scraper, 473, 474

— for beading, 345, 346

— Japanese, 13, 14

— sharpening, 487, 488 (Sharpening)

— where to keep, 85

Scraping. See Scraper.

Scratch-awl, 345 (Awl)

Screw-drivers, 475, 476

— for bit-brace, 476

— long and short, 476

Screws, and their use, 476-479

— how to keep, 85

Scriber. See Marking, 414

Scribing. See Marking, 414-416 and 479, 480

Seams of boat. See Caulking.

Seasoned stock, 164, 177, 178

— tests for, 39, 40. See Seasoning lumber.

Seasoning lumber, 36-40, 42, 164, 177, 178, 522-524

Seat for corner, with shelves, 212

— outdoor, 210

Second story, framing at, 296, 297

Secret dovetailing, 373

— nailing. See Blind- and Sliver-nailing, 432

Section, 533, 534

See-saw, tilt or, 142-145

Sequoia, 520

Set (for nails), 433, 434

— (of saw), 467

Setting glass, 391

Setting mirrors, 391

— nails, 433, 434

— posts, 262, 263

— saws. See Sharpening.

Settle, corner, with shelves, 212

— with table, 212-214

Sewerage, 278, 279

Shacks, 241-259

Shagbark (hickory), 515

Shakes, 531

Sharpening tools, 16, 22, 23, 25, 480-488

Sharpie (sail-boat), 328-332

Shave. See Draw-knife and Spokeshave.

Sheathing, 46, 47, 245, 269

— for canvas canoe, 325, 326

— outside of house with paper, 273

— -paper, 246

— striking, 245

Shed-roof. See Lean-to.

Sheer plan, 229, 230

Shelf for books, hanging, 185

Shellac. See Finishing.

Shell-bit, 353 (Bits)

Shelves, corner, 190, 191

— ends of, 195

— for pipes, etc., 188, 189

— for wall, 187-189

— movable, 489

— or pigeon-holes, 200

Shingles, 48, 269

Shingling, 269, 270

— hips, 285, 286

Shooting-board, 93, 94

— use of, 490, 491

Shrinkage, 30-35

— effects of swelling and shrinking, 526-531. See Expansion and Contraction.

Shutter, 247, 258

Side elevation, 532

— -plates, 287

Sills, 265

Silver-grain or rays. See Medullary rays and Quartered oak.

Single-pitched roof. See Lean-to.

Site, selection of, 277-279

Sizing of floor-beams, 267

Skag, 307

Skew-chisel, 357, 358

Skiffs, 308-314

Skis, 145-148

Slab-sided file, 380

Sleds, 155-163

Slips, 435, 484

Sliver nailing, 432

Sloid knife. See Knife, 411, 412

— work-bench, 57

Smoke-pipe, 257-259

Smoking wood, 524

Smoothing, 179, 180, 450, 453, 457, 458. See Plane, Scraper, Sandpaper.

— -plane, 448, 449

Snake, wooden, 108, 109

Sofa with bookcase, etc., 211

Soft wood, 45

Sole (of plane), 445

Southern pine, 519, 520

Specimens of wood, 44, 507, 508

Sperm oil, 434

Splaying (splice), 410, 411

Splices. See Joints and Splices.

Spline, 491

Split stock. See Rift.

Splitting stock, 44, 527-529

— wood, 28, 491

Spokeshave, 491, 492

— makers, 22

Spoon-bit, 353

Sporting-cabinet, 215, 216

Spring-board, 170

Spritsail, 332

Spruce, 521

Square, 492-495

— -foot, 47, 244 (note)

— makers, 22

— mitre, 349

— where to keep, 84, 85, and Frontispiece

Squaring work, 181

— with clamps, 360, 361

Squirrel-house, 136-139

Stacking lumber, 39, 44

— result of careless, 42

Staining, 495-498

— shingles, 270

Stains, creosote-, 270, 525

Stairs, 289

— (for little houses), 123

Staking out, 260-262

Stands, for plants, 201, 202, 207

Stands, small, 202, 207-209

Star-shakes, 531

Steam-chest, 347

Steaming wood, 347 (Bending)

Steel square, 495

— -wool, 498, 499

Steering (sleds), 159, 160, 163

Stem-posts, 309, 310, 320-323

Steps, 289

Stern-post, 327. See Stem-posts.

"Sticking" lumber. See Stacking.

Stile (of door or panel work), 370

Stilts, 141

Stock (of plane), 445

— "built up," 409, 410, 530, 531

— care of, 44

— cross- or crooked-grained, 40, 41, 529, 530

— planing down, 44

— splitting, 527-529

— rift or split, 35, 36. See Lumber.

Stop, bench-, 71-75

— -chamfer, 357

— for drawers, 378

Stove-pipe. See Smoke-pipe.

Stores or houses, play-, 241-259

Straight-bent chisel, 358

Straight-edge, 86, 499

— marking by, 415

— to detect warping or winding. See Winding-sticks.

Striking circles and arcs, 364, 365

Stringers or strings (stairs), 289

Strop, 85, 499, 500

Stropping, 485

Studding, 266, 287

— second-story, 296

Sugar maple, 517

— pine, 519

Summer cottages, simple, 271-290

— -houses, 291-293

Sunlight, 277, 278

Swelling and shrinking, 30-35, 50-53, 225, 526-531

Swing, giant, 172, 173

Swords, wooden, 106, 107

Sycamore, 521

Table, and settle, or chair, 212-214

— -top, putting on, 203, 205, 206, 209

Tables, 203-209

Tacks, 500

— for canvas canoes, 323

Tallow, bayberry, 378

Tamping, 263

Tank, water-, for frogs, etc., 139, 140

Tannic acid, 526

Tape, 500

Tar, coal-and wood-, 525

Teak, 522

Templates, 231

Tennis rackets, 104

Tenon. See Mortising.

— -saw. See Saw (Back-saw).

Tenons (in repairing), 462

Thole-pins, 302

Thompson's Island, 271

Three-cornered file. See File.

Throat (of plane), 445

Tilt, or see-saw, 142-145

Timber, definition, 45

— durability of. See Lumber.

Toboggan, 148-152

Toe-nailing, 431, 432

Toggle-joint, application of, 267

Tool-cabinets, 96-101

— -chest, 96, 97, 223, 224

— -handles, oiling, 23

— -rack, 83, 84

Tools, 9-28

—and supplies, arrangement, 80-86, 96

— cabinet for, 96-101

— care of, 22, 23

— common, and their use, 344-505

— edge-, 25-28

— Japanese, 14, 15

— lists of, 18-20

— makers, 22

— primitive, 9-15

— sharpening, 16, 22, 23, 25, 480-488

— "universal," 18

— use of, 23-25

Toothed-plane, 449, 450

Toothing, 449, 450

Totlet Town, 118-121

Toughness, 40, 511

Toy boats, hulls of, 227-237

— village, 118-121

Toys, 106-125

Trapeze, 173

Travelling-cage, 140

Traverse (sled), 156-163

Traversing, 446

Treads, 289

Trees. See Felling and Seasoning and Preservation of Forests.

— big, 520

— broad-leaved, 511

— conifers or needle-leaved, 511

Trestles, 88-90

Triangular file, 380

Trigger, 153

Trimming. See Paring.

Truing, grindstone, 398

— oil-stone, 435

— stock (surfaces), 179, 500, 501

Trunk for centre-board, 330, 331

Trying-plane, 447, 448 (Plane)

Try-square. See Square (492).

Tulip wood, 48

Tupelo, 522

Turning, Indian, 10, 11

— -saw, 469, 470

Turpentine. See Finishing and Painting, 437, 438, 498, 526

Turtles, frogs, lizards, etc., tank for, 139, 140

Twist-drill, 501

"Twister" (rope), 362

Twisting. See Winding.

Two-foot square, 495

Undercutting, 195, 410

Underpinning, 259, 260, 262-264, 279

Undershot water-wheel, 116, 117

"Universal" planes, 451

— tools, 18

Varnish. See Finishing.

— Japan, 438

— -stains, 496

Vaulting apparatus, 169

— board, 170

— -horse, 170, 172

Veining-tool. See Carving-tools.

Village, play, "Cottage Row," 271-276

— Totlet Town, 118-121

Vise, bench-, 65-71, 536

— for metal, 75, 76

Vise, Japanese carpenter's, 13

— parallelism of jaws, 67, 68

V tool, 357

Wale-strips. See Gunwale strips.

Wall-cabinet, 186, 189, 190

— -shelves, 187-189

Walnut. See Black Walnut, 513

Warping of lumber, 32-34, 409, 410, 502, 526-531

Washboard. See Coaming.

Washita stone, 434

Water-line, 230 (footnote)

— pure, 277-279

— -table, 273

— -tank for frogs, turtles, etc., 139, 140

— -tight compartments, 318, 319 (footnote)

— -wheels, 116-118

Wax finish, 381

Weather-drying, 36, 40. See Seasoning.

Weather-vane (steamboat), 115. See Windmills.

Wedge for splitting, 28

Wedges, 502, 503

Wedging. See Wedges.

— tenons, 427, 428

Wet rot, 526

Weymouth pine. See Pine.

Wheel, steering- (for sled), 160

Whetstone. See Oil-stone.

Whetting. See Sharpening.

White ash, 512

— cedar, 514

— deal, 521

— lead. See Painting.

— mahogany, 517

— oak, 518

— pine, 518, 519

Whitewood, 521

Whittling, 4, 218, 219. See Knife.

Willow, 522

Winding, 41, 360, 526-531

— -sticks, 503, 504

Windmills, 109-116

Window-casings, 272

— -shutter, 258

— sliding, 248

Windows and doors, sizes of, 276

Wind-shakes, 531

Wing compasses, 364

Wire-edge, 480

Withdrawing nails, 504, 505

Wood, 29-48 (Chapter III.), 510-522. See lumber.

— charring, 263, 264, 525

— checking and cracking, 31, 42, 526

— collection of specimens, 44, 507, 508

— colour of, 40

— cross-grained, 40, 41, 529, 530

— curling and warping, 32-34, 409, 410, 502, 526-531

— durability of. See Decay and Preservation.

— -filler, 385

— hard, 45

— methods of drying, 36-40, 522-524

— quality of, 33-35, 510, 511, 522

— seasoning of, 36-40, 42, 164, 177, 178, 522-524

— selection of, 33-45, 510, 511, 522

— shrinkage and swelling, 30-35, 50-53, 225, 526-531

— soft, 45

— -tar, 525

— warped, 41. See Warping.

— winding, 41. See Winding.

Wooden chain, 218, 219

— guns and pistols, 152-154

Woods and some of their characteristics, 510-522

Work-bench, 57-65

— first-class, 101, 536, 537

— makeshifts, 77-80

— position and care of, 74, 75

— sloid, 57

— top, 74, 536

Working drawings, 49, 50, 532-536

— edge or surface, 54

Workshop, 56-101, 259-270

Wrench, 505

Wrought nails, 433

Yellow deal, 519 (Pine)

— fir, 519

— pine, 519

Yew, 522

Zinc, 438 (Painting)