Front matter (continued 8)

“As the United States do insist, and retain the lands according to the Treaty of Nov. 4, 1804, why do they not fulfil their part of that Treaty as equity demands?

“The Sauk and Fox nations are allowed, according to that Treaty, ‘to live and hunt on the lands so ceded, as long as the aforesaid lands belong to the United States.’ In the spring of the year 1827, about twelve or fifteen families of squatters arrived and took possession of the Sauk village, near the mouth of the Rocky river. They immediately commenced destroying the Indians’ bark boats. Some were burned, others were torn to pieces, and when the Indians arrived at the village, and found fault with the destruction of their property, they were beaten and abused by the Squatters.

“The Indians made complaint to me, as their Agent I wrote to Gen. Clark,[BF] stating to him from time to time what happened, and giving a minute detail of everything that passed between the whites (Squatters) and the Indians.

“The squatters insisted that the Indians should be removed from their village, saying that as soon as the land was brought into market they (the squatters) would buy it all. It became needless for me to show them the treaty, and the right the Indians had to remain on their lands. They tried every method to annoy the Indians, by shooting their dogs, claiming their horses; complaining that the Indians' horses broke into their cornfields—selling them whiskey for the most trifling articles, contrary to the wishes and request of the chiefs, particularly the Black Hawk, who both solicited and threatened them on the subject, but all to no purpose.

“The President directed those lands to be sold at the Land Office, in Springfield, Illinois. Accordingly when the time came that they were to be offered for sale (in the Autumn of 1828), there were about twenty families of squatters at, and in the vicinity of the old Sauk village, most of whom attended the sale, and but one of them could purchase a quarter-section (if we except George Davenport, a trader who resides in Rocky Island). Therefore, all the land not sold, still belonged to the United States, and the Indians had still a right, by treaty, to hunt and live on those lands. This right, however, was not allowed them—they must move off.

“In 1830, the principal chiefs, and others of the Sauk and Fox Indians who resided at the old village, near Rocky river, acquainted me that they would remove to their village on Ihoway river. These chiefs advised me to write to General Clarke, Superintendent of Indian Affairs at this place (St. Louis), to send up a few militia—that the Black Hawk and his followers would then see that everything was in earnest, and they would remove to the west side of the Mississippi, to their own lands.

“The letter, as requested by the chiefs, was written and sent by me to General Clarke, but he did not think proper to answer it—therefore everything remained as formerly, and, as a matter of course. Black Hawk and his party thought the whole matter of removing from the old village had blown over.

“In the Spring of 1831, the Black Hawk and his party were augmented by many Indians from Ihoway river. This augmentation of forces made the Black Hawk very proud, and he supposed nothing would be done about removing him and his party.

“General Gaines visited the Black Hawk and his party this season, with a force of regulars and militia, and compelled them to remove to the west side of the Mississippi river, on their own lands.

“When the Black Hawk and party recrossed to the east side of the Mississippi river in 1832, they numbered three hundred and sixty-eight men. They were hampered with many women and children, and had no intention to make war. When attacked by General Stillman’s detachment, they defended themselves like men, and I would ask, who would not do so, likewise? Thus the war commenced. * * * *

“The Indians had been defeated, dispersed, and some of the principal chiefs are now in prison and in chains, at Jefferson Barracks. * * * *

“It is very well known, by all who know the Black Hawk, that he has always been considered a friend to the whites. Often has he taken into his lodge the wearied white man, given him good food to eat, and a good blanket to sleep on before the fire. Many a good meal has the Prophet given to people travelling past his village, and very many stray horses has he recovered from the Indians, and restored to their rightful owners, without asking any recompense whatever. * * * *

“What right have we to tell any people, ‘You shall not cross the Mississippi river on any pretext whatever?’ When the Sauk and Fox Indians wish to cross the Mississippi, to visit their relations among the Pottawattomies, of Fox river, Illinois, they are prevented by us, because we have the power!”

I omit, in the extracts I have made, the old gentleman’s occasional comments upon the powers that dictated, and the forces which carried on the warfare of this unhappy Summer. There is every reason to believe that had his suggestions been listened to, and had he continued the Agent of the Sauks and Foxes, a sad record might have been spared. I mean the untimely fate of the unfortunate M. St. Vrain, who, a comparative stranger to his people, was murdered by them, in their exasperated fury, at Kellogg’s Grove, soon after the commencement of the campaign.

NOTES

BY REUBEN GOLD THWAITES

His wife, who had generally accompanied him on his expeditions, continued the business without interruption, and obtained a wide reputation throughout the Mackinac district as a woman of rare business talents, and capable of managing the natives with astuteness. Her contemporaries among Americans described her as speaking a remarkably fine French, and being a graceful and refined person, despite her limited education. She invariably wore the costume of an Indian squaw. Her children were placed at school in Montreal. One of her daughters, Josette, was married at Mackinac to Captain Benjamin K. Pierce, commandant of the fort, and brother of President Pierce. Madame Laframboise closed her business with the American Fur Company in 1821, and thereafter lived upon the island, where she lies buried.

Edward Biddle was a brother of Nicholas Biddle, president of the United States Bank during Andrew Jackson’s administration. Edward went to Mackinac about 1818, and married a pretty, full-blooded Indian girl, step-daughter of a French fur-trade clerk named Joseph Bailly. The Biddies lived on the island for fifty years, and were buried there. Their eldest daughter, Sophia, was carefully educated in Philadelphia by Nicholas Biddle’s family, but finally died on the island, of consumption. She was, like her mother, a Catholic; but the other children, also well educated, became Protestants.

Stephen Forbes opened a private school there in June, 1830, assisted by his wife, Elvira; they taught about twenty-five scholars in the simple branches of English.

Hurlbut, in his Chicago Antiquities (1881, p. 349), says that Kercheval was merely a clerk for Robert Kinzie, not an independent trader.

John Stephen Coats Hogan was born in New York City, February 5, 1805, or 1806; his father, an Irishman, was a teacher of languages in New York, who had married a French-Canadian woman. Early in his youth, John was adopted by a Detroit family, and upon reaching maturity went into trade. He had arrived in Chicago as early as 1830, being that year elected a justice of the peace. He appears to have been a partner of the Messrs. Brewster, Detroit fur-traders, and in connection with his business conducted the sutler’s store at Fort Dearborn. In 1832, while postmaster of Chicago, he served as a lieutenant of militia in the Black Hawk War. He was in California in 1849, and died at Boonville, Mo., in 1868.

William Lee was not an ordained minister; he was a blacksmith by trade, and an exhorter of the Methodist church. He was at the Calumet as early as 1830, for in that year he was granted a right to maintain a ferry there; but later in the year he was listed as a voter in Chicago. Lee was first clerk of the commissioners' court of Cook County in 1831-32. He removed to the rapids of Root River in 1835; but subsequently went to Iowa County, Wis., dying at Pulaski in 1858.

Alexander Robinson was a Pottawattomie chief, much respected by the whites. He long lived at Casenovia, on the Desplaines River, about twelve miles north-west of Chicago.

Shaubena (Shabonee, Shaubeenay, etc.), was an Ottawa by parentage, being born on the Kankakee River in what is now Will County, Ill. He married into the Pottawattomie tribe, and became its principal chief. He aided Tecumseh, and was in the Thames battle; but thereafter devoted his energies to preserving peace between the races. As a consequence, he greatly angered hostile chiefs, and in 1827 was for a time a prisoner in the camp of Big Foot, the Pottawattomie chief at Big Foot Lake (now Lake Geneva). During the Black Hawk War, Shaubena was successful in keeping the majority of the Pottawattomies and Winnebagoes from active participation, thereby rendering very valuable service to the white settlers. He frequently visited Washington on business for his tribe, and always received marked attention both there and in the West. Shaubena died at his home on the Illinois River, two miles above Seneca, July 17, 1859, aged eighty-four years.

Miss Henshaw was a sister of Mrs. Whitney.

Miss Brush was visiting her relative, Charles Brush, a resident of Green Bay.

James Knaggs was a Pottawattomie half-breed, who in 1835 became ferryman, tavern-keeper, and fur-trader in a small way at Coon’s Point, Algoma, now in the city limits of Oshkosh. This was the year before the arrival of Webster Stanley, the first white settler of Oshkosh.

INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y

Abbott, Samuel, of American Fur Company, 10, 395. Agatha, daughter of Decorah, 369-371; her sad story, 372-375. Agency City, Iowa, Street at, 404; treaty of 1836, 409. Albach, James R., Annals of the West, 155. Alexander, Gen. Milton K., in Black Hawk War, 343, 416. Algoma, Wis., Knaggs at, 413. Alleghany Mountains, discovery of passes, 405, 406. Allen, Col. George W., has negro servant, 193. Allouez, Father Claude, Jesuit missionary, at De Pere, 413. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, operations in Wisconsin, 401. American Bureau of Ethnology, publications of, 402. American Fur Company, at Mackinac, 6-10, 150, 393-395; at Fort Winnebago, 66, 326, 327, 336, 337, 403; Fisher’s agency, 398; John Kinzie’s agency, xvi; John H. Kinzie’s agency, xvi, xvii, 42-45; Rolette’s agency, 17-19; absorbs Conant & Mack, 407. American Home Missionary Society, sends out Kent, 405. Appleton, Wis., Mrs. Kinzie at site of, 35, 416. Atkinson, Gen. Henry, in Black Hawk War, 315, 318, 344, 414-417. Arkansas, early land surveys, 406. Armstrong, Mrs. ——, tavern keeper, 351. Arndt, Hamilton, freighter, 58, 69, 70, 305, 306. Arndt, John P., Green Bay tavern keeper, 14, 396; at a hop, 23, 24. Arndt, Mrs. John P., tavern keeper, 14, 15, 48. Astor, John Jacob, establishes American Fur Company, 393, 394. Astoria, founded, 393; fall of, 394. Auberry (Aubrey), William, killed in Black Hawk War, 317, 318. Aux Plaines. See River Desplaines. Bailey, Maj. David, raided by Black Hawk, 417. Bailey, Jonathan N., Chicago postmaster, 145, 408. Bailly, Joseph, fur-trade clerk, 395. Baird, Elizabeth Thérèse, entertains Mrs. Kinzie, 22; sketch, 398, 399; “Reminiscences,” xix, 395. Baird, Henry S., Green Bay lawyer, 22, 398. Baptists, family servant, 376. Barclay, Commodore Robert H., British naval officer, 194. Baye des Puans (Puants). See Green Bay. Beall, Lieut. ——, in Black Hawk War, 316. Beall, Samuel W., Green Bay resident, 399. Beall, Mrs. Samuel W., at Green Bay hop, 23, 24; sketch, 399. Bear, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Beaubien, ——, death of, 201. Beaubien, Jean Baptiste, Chicago resident, 141; sketch, 407. Beaubien, Mrs. Jean Baptiste, in Chicago massacre, 171. Beaubien, Mark, residence of, 143; sketch, 407; portrait, 144. Beaubien, Medard, hunting, 201; at a ball, 228-230. Beaumont, Dr. William, at Fort Crawford, 314; sketch, 413. Beaver, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Bee trees, at Piché’s, 134. Beloit, Wis., Mrs. Kinzie at, 411. Bell, ——, early constable, 28. Bellaire, ——, engagé, 371. Bellaire, Madame ——, wife of foregoing, 369-371. Bellefontaine, wayside tavern, 60, 351, 413; Mrs. Kinzie at, 308, 309, 312. Berthelet, ——, fur trader, 151, 152. Bertrand (Parc aux Vaches), in Chicago massacre, 171. Biddle, Edward, marries Indian girl, 10, 395. Biddle, Nicholas, educates Sophia Biddle, 395. Big Foot, Pottawattomie chief, 247-250; imprisons Shaubena, 409; view of village, 250. Bisson, Mrs. ——, befriends Mrs. Helm, 182-185. Blackbird, A. J., History of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, 393. Black Hawk, Sac headman, opposes land cession, 389, 391, 392; uprising of, 272, 273, 407, 411, 414, 416, 417; capture of, 404, 417; portrait, 354. See also, Black Hawk War. Black Hawk War, causes of, 411, 412; murder of St. Vrain, 116; Stillman’s Run, 354; at Lake Koshkonong, 411, 414, 415; battle of Wisconsin Heights, 344, 354, 416; battle of Bad Ax, 353, 354, 416; effect at Fort Winnebago, 363, 364; scare at Green Bay, 375; Stambaugh’s expedition, 349; Winnebagoes in, 65, 404; Gratiot’s services, 414; Hamilton’s operations, 406; Scott’s movements, 415; Pottawattomies in, 409; Hogan in, 408; Street’s services, 404; comments on, 416; Mrs. Kinzie’s account, 314-371; Thomas Forsyth’s account, 387-392. Black Jim, a negro servant, 180, 193. Black Partridge, Pottawattomie chief, in Chicago massacre, 169, 174, 175, 182-184, 189, 190; illustration of return of medal, 168. Black Wolf, Winnebago chief, 80, 321, 404. Blanchard, Rufus, The Northwest and Chicago, 407. Blue Mounds, near Morrison’s, 405; Kinzies at, 103, 104; in Black Hawk War, 318. Boilvin, Nicholas, Indian agent and justice, 28, 285; removed, 404; sketch, 400. Boisvert, ——, Green Bay habitan, 27, 28. Bourgeois, meaning of term, 28, 394. Brush, Miss ——, sister of Charles, 412; accompanies Kinzies, 303, 304. Brush, Charles, Green Bay resident, 386, 412. Bradley, Capt. Hezekiah, erects Fort Dearborn II, 140. Brady, Gen. Hugh, in Black Hawk War, 353; sketch, 416, 417. Brewster, Messrs., fur traders, 408. Brothertown Indians, move to Wisconsin, 401; visited by Mrs. Kinzie, 333-336. Brown, Henry, History of Illinois, 155. Brown County, Wis., early court of, 402. Buffalo, hunted by Indians, 405, 406. Buffalo Grove, Ill., settled, 406; Mrs. Kinzie at, 118. Burnett, ——, fur trader, 180. Burns, ——, in Chicago massacre, 155, 159. Burns, Mrs. ——, held captive by Indians, 188, 189. Butte des Morts, Grand, legend of, 52; Mrs. Kinzie at, 48-53, 307-309, 328-330, 413; Doty at, 25. Butte des Morts, Petit, description and tradition, 401, 402; Mrs. Kinzie at, 40, 349. Cadillac, Antoine de la Mothe, founds Detroit, 396. Cadle, Richard Fish, mission school, 275; greets Mrs. Kinzie, 20; sketch, 398. Cadle, Sarah, at Green Bay mission school, 398; greets Mrs. Kinzie, 20. Cahokia, Ill., Charles Gratiot at, 414. Caldwell, Billy (the Sauganash), Pottawattomie chief, 144; befriends whites, 184, 197, 249; hunting, 201; accompanies Kinzies, 234-238; sketch, 408, 409. Caledonia, Wis., Crélie at, 414. Calumet County, Wis., Stockbridges in, 401. Camp Smith, established, 396, 397; site of Cadle mission, 398. Canada, Sac trail to, from Mississippi River, 121. Canadian boat songs, 23-30, 56, 327, 400. Canadian voyageurs, 150-154. Carlisle, Pa., settlement of, 207. Casenovia, Ill., Alexander Robinson at, 409. Cass, Lewis, tour to sources of Mississippi, 2, 27, 397; superintendent of Indians, xvii, 44, 146; governor of Michigan Territory, 399, 418; in Winnebago War, 319. Cass, Mrs. Lewis, advises Mrs. Kinzie, 27, 399. Catherine, a servant, 356. Catholics, at Mackinac, 9, 395. See also, Jesuits and Mazzuchelli. Caxton Club, republishes Wau-Bun, xx. Chætar, a Winnebago, 417. Chambers, Col. Talbot, completes Fort Howard, 397. Champlain, Samuel de, sends Nicolet to Wisconsin, 403. Chandonnai, John B., fur trade clerk, 179, 186, 188. Charlotte, a Winnebago woman, 267, 268. Chekakou. See Chicago. Chequamegon Bay, Marquette driven from, 396. Chicago, origin of name, 145, 146; on early maps, 408; map of portage, 146; early voyages to, 1; early French at, 146; arrival of Kinzie family, xvi, 138, 139; John Kinzie’s career, 146-150; the massacre (1812), 155-191; return of John Kinzie (1816), 197; burial of massacre victims, 197; bas-reliefs from massacre monument, 168, 172, 174, 176; Indian agency, 197, 227; trail from Dixon’s, 117, 121; from Piché’s, 132; from Portage, 108; John H. Kinzie at, xvii, xviii, 92-139, 150, 385, 386; historical relation to Kinzie family, xviii; town site platted, 200, 409, 410; Kinzie’s Addition platted, 204, 205, 376; conditions in 1831, 140-145, 197-205; early postal arrangements, 198, 304, 408; early sermon, 203, 204; Methodists at, 408; early school, 408; express from Fort Winnebago, 91, 369; early marketing, 197, 198; cattle for Fort Howard, 406; currant bushes from, 277; ferries, 143, 408; taverns, 143, 407; ball at Hickory Creek, 227-230; fur trade, 408, 419; early publishing, xviii; Beaubiens at, 407; Billy Caldwell at, 409; Pottawattomie cession, 200; cholera at, 415; land grant for canal, 409, 410; Wright’s Woods, 202; in Peoria County, 407; site claimed by Wisconsin, 397; view in 1820, 140; in 1831, 142; map of 1830, 142; Historical Society furnishes illustrations, xvi, 142, 144, 146, 156, 198, 228; Mrs. Kinzie’s Narrative of Massacre, xviii, xix. See also, Fort Dearborn and Fur Trade. Chillicothe, Ohio, McKenzie girls at, xiv, xv. Chippewanaung, treaty of 1836, 409. Chippewa Indians, French appelation of, 52; language, 32, 68, 264, 355; relations to English, 7; treaty of 1816, 388, 409; Billy Caldwell, 408, 409; in Black Hawk War, 320, 329, 351; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; Blackbird’s History, 393. Cholera, in Black Hawk War, 340, 355, 356, 415. Chouteau, Auguste, treats with Sacs, 388. Chouteau, Pierre, sr., treats with Sacs, 388. Christman, ——, a soldier, 37, 38, 41, 273, 274. Clark, ——, marries Elizabeth McKenzie, xv. Clark, Charlotte Ouisconsin, marries Lieut. Van Cleve, 418. See also, Mrs. H. P. Van Cleve. Clark, Gen. George Rogers, captures Vincennes, 399. Clark, Maj. Nathan, at Fort Howard, 342, 343; Fort Crawford, 418; sketch, 415. Clark, Gov. William, treats with Sacs, 388, 390, 391. Clay, Henry, visits Winnebagoes, 65. Clybourn, Archibald, Chicago resident, 144. Clybourn, Jonas, marries Elizabeth McKenzie, xvi. Conant & Mack, fur traders, 407. Cook County, Ill., commissioners' court, 408. Cooke & Co., D. B., publish Wau-Bun, xix. Cooper, Fenimore, novelist, 399. Corbin, Mrs. Phelim, heroism of, 178. Corn (maize), grown by Northwest Indians, 7, 8. Corn Planter (Big White Man), Seneca chief, 209, 211, 215-223. Council Bluffs, Iowa, Billy Caldwell at, 409. Courtes-oreilles. See Ottawa Indians. Courville, Florence, at Sunday school, 274, 275. Crélie (Crély), Joseph, Green Bay habitan, 27, 28; in Black Hawk War, 318; sketch, 414. Croghan, Col. George, attacks Mackinac Island, 395. Crooks, Ramsay, expedition from Astoria, 393. Cross Village. See L’Arbre Croche. Cuivre Settlement, Indian murder at, 387. Currie, ——, hospital steward, 369-371. Cut Nose (Elizabeth), a Winnebago woman, 269-271, 385. Cutler, Col. Enos, at Fort Winnebago, 366, 367, 380; sketch, 418. Dakotan Indians, Winnebagoes are offshoots from, 403. Dandy, son of Black Wolf, 404. Dandy, Winnebago chief, 65, 66. Davenport, George, purchases Sac Lands, 390, 391. David, negro servant, 90, 327, 354. Daviess, Lieut. Camillus C., at Fort Winnebago, 366; sketch, 418. Davis, Lieut. Jefferson, at Fort Winnebago, 59, 70, 403. Dean, John, sutler at Fort Dearborn, 141, 145. De Charme, ——, Michigan fur trader, 167. Decorah, Grey-headed (Old), Winnebago chief, 63, 64, 88, 89, 382; sketch, 403; his mother, 278-280; his daughter, 381, 382. Decorah, One-Eyed, a Winnebago, 417; captures Black Hawk, 354. Decorah, Rascal, his daughter Agatha, 369-375. Decorah (Day-kau-ray) family, Winnebagoes, 269, 270, 372-374. Deer, in Northwest fur trade, 7. De Langlade, Charles, first white settler in Wisconsin, 398, 400. De Langlade, Louise Domitilde, marries Pierre Grignon, 400. Delaware (Lenapé) Indians, friends of whites, 206, 207, 211. De Ligney, ——, letter to De Siette, 146. De Pere, Wis., origin of name, 413; Mrs. Kinzie at, 306. Derby & Jackson, publish Wau-Bun, xix. De Siette, ——, letter from De Ligney, 146. Detroit, founded by Cadillac, 396; Jesuit mission, 12, 396; Récollets at, 396; massacre, 323; Lytles, 223; John Kinzie, xiv, xv, 148, 181, 186; Kinzies, xvi, xvii, 1, 2, 26, 28, 44, 167, 262, 278, 304, 385, 386; Mackenzies, xiii, xv; Réaume, 399; surrendered by Hull, 162, 192; under English control, 188, 192-196, 224; lake schooner from, 227; early wagon from, 231; cholera at, 340, 345; Mark Beaubien, 407; Doty, 397; Hogan, 408; Robert Stuart, 393, 394. Dickenson’s, gossip at, 304; Mrs. Kinzie at, 337. Dixon, John, founder of Dixon, Ill., 406; entertains Kinzies, 119-121; sketch, 407. Dixon, Mrs. John, entertains Kinzies, 118-121. Dixon, Ill. (Ogee’s Ferry), genesis of, 406, 407; Mrs. Kinzie at, 94, 116-122. Dodge, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry, 104, 106. Dodge, Maj. Henry, in Black Hawk War, 104, 343, 344, 360, 416 Dogherty, ——, a Quaker, 134, 136, 137. Dole, George W., Chicago settler, 228. Dominicans, in Wisconsin, 411. Doty, James Duane, entertains Kinzies, 16-27; accompanies Kinzies, 27, 35, 37, 38, 48, 50, 51, 53; defends Winnebago suspects, 359; sketch, 397. Doty, Mrs. James Duane, entertains Kinzies, 17, 21. Doty’s Island, Mrs. Kinzie at, 413. Dousman family, residence at Mackinac, 10. Doyle, ——, a soldier, hanged for murder, 341-343, 410. Draper, Lyman Copeland, names Madison lakes, 405. Drew, ——, residence at Mackinac, 10. Du Charme, Dominic, settles Kaukauna, 400. Duck Creek, Kinzies on, 96, 97, 258, 259. Dunkley’s Grove, Ill., Kinzies at, 236-238. Dunmore’s War, McKenzie girls captured in, xiv. Dunn, Col. Charles, Chicago canal commissioner, 409. Du Pin, ——, French fur trader, 190, 191. Durham boats, described, 344. Eastman, Capt. S., view of Mackinac, 6. Education, at Chicago, 145, 408; reservation of school section, 410. See also, Cadle, Ferry, Mazzuchelli, Marsh, Miner, Williams, and the several denominations. Edwards, Gov. Ninian, treats with Sacs, 388. Ellis & Fergus, early Chicago printers, xviii. Engle, Lieut. James, at Fort Dearborn, 144. Engle, Mrs. James, at Fort Dearborn, 232. English, early maps by, 408; captivity of John Kinzie, 192-196; campaign against Sandusky, 403; in War of 1812-15, 186-188; Indian department, 399; relations with Iroquois, 206, 211, 215; relations with North-western Indians, 7, 121, 157, 176, 339, 407-409; removal of upper lake posts, xv; occupy Mackinac, 162, 164, 395, 396; capture Prairie du Chien, 398, 400; on Mississippi, 403; at Detroit, 188, 192-196, 224; fur trade of, 393, 394; emigration to Canada, xiii. Ephraim, Uncle, a negro servant, 84, 85. Episcopalians. See Cadle and Eleazer Williams. Fallen Timbers, battle of, xv. Ferries, at Chicago, 143, 408; across Desplaines, 137; at Detroit, 255. See also, J. P. Arndt, Dixon, Knaggs, and Ogee. Ferry, Rev. William Montague, Presbyterian missionary, 6, 9; sketch, 394. Finley, Dr. Clement A., post surgeon, 305; at Fort Dearborn, 145; at Fort Howard, 305; at Fort Winnebago, 355, 356. Fisher, Henry Munro, fur trader, 398. Fleming, Gen. ——, grandson of Haliburton, xiii, 147. Folles Avoines. See Menomonee Indians. Follett, Burley, in Black Hawk War, 318. Forbes, Elvira (Mrs. Stephen), schoolmistress, 145, 408. Force, George, killed in Black Hawk War, 318. Forsyth, Miss ——, accompanies Mrs. Kinzie, 344-352. Forsyth, George, lost in woods, 149, 150. Forsyth, Maj. Robert A., Indian agent, 64, 366; sketch, 403. Forsyth, Thomas, fur trader, 186; account of Black Hawk War, 387-392; sketch, 419. Forsyth, William, marries Mrs. Mackenzie, xiii, 147. Forsyth, Mrs. William, story of captivity, 205-223. Fort Apple River, in Black Hawk War, 318. Fort Armstrong, in Black Hawk War, 412. See also, Rock Island. Fort Atkinson, Wis., genesis of, 414. Fort Crawford, birth of Charlotte O. Clark, 418; in Black Hawk War, 416; Dr. Beaumont at, 413; Lieut. Lacey, 417; Mrs. Mitchell, 10. Fort Dearborn I (1803-12), built, 407; description, 156; John Kinzie, trader, xvi; Indian agency, 159; massacre, xvi, 156-191; views, 156, 172. Fort Dearborn II (1816), built, 140, 197, 407; description, 140-142, 197; Indian agency, 142, 144, 145, 160, 161, 197; Hogan, sutler, 408; garrison in 1831, 144, 145; offender drummed out, 202, 203; troops withdrawn (1831), 227, 230-233, 237, 238, 246, 247, 341; re-occupied (1832), 410. Fort Defiance, McKillip killed at, 224. Fort George, on Mackinac Island, 395, 396. Fort George, on Niagara frontier, the Helms at, 187. Fort Gratiot, John H. Kinzie at, 278; cholera, 340. Fort Holmes, on Mackinac Island, 11, 396. Fort Howard, built, 397; named from General Howard, 397; history, 397; Indian agency, 337, 413; murder of Lieut. Foster, 341-343, 410; Kinzies at, 16, 22; arrival of lake schooner, 304; imports Illinois cattle, 406; Col. Smith at, 396; Chicago troops removed to, 227, 230-233, 238, 246, 247; Capt. Scott’s kennels, 410; Dr. Finley at, 305; Fifth regiment, 260; in Black Hawk War, 322, 326, 337-344, 364; view, 14. Fort Mackinac, Mrs. Kinzie at, 9, 10. See also, Mackinac Island. Fort Maiden, John Kinzie at, 194; North-western Indians, 7, 157, 407. Fort Niagara, Ont., English Indian agency at, 211, 220-223. Fort Pitt. See Pittsburg. Fort Wayne, Ind., Margaret McKenzie near, xiv; destination of Chicago garrison, 163-166, 168; Chicago mail, 198. Fort Winnebago, 104, 106, 112; site of, 59, 60; description, 260-264; receives troops from Fort Howard, 339; Chicago troops at, 233; Kinzies, xvii, 25, 26, 56-96, 139, 201, 227, 230-233, 260-305, 344-352; Indian agency, xvii, 57, 58, 60, 68, 72-80, 260-303, 358-386, 411; daily life, 80-87, 89, 90; First and Fifth regiments, 260; Winnebagoes, 60-66, 264-303; in Black Hawk War, 314-371, 387-392, 416, 417; surrender of Winnebago suspects, 357-363; escape of prisoners, 366-368, 384, 385; payment of Indian annuities, 363, 364, 366; Indian destitution, 380-383; first Protestant sermon, 384; trail from Butte des Morts, 51, 53; from Chicago, 121; mail via Green Bay, 304; land journey from Green Bay, 305-313; snakes, 21; Lieut. Davis, 403; Capt. Hooe, 403; Lieut. Lacey, 417; views, 56, 358; Turner’s “History,” 411. Foster, Lieut. Amos, at Fort Dearborn, 144, 145, 228, 229, 232; accompanies Kinzies, 233-238, 255, 341; at Lake Geneva, 246, 247; murder of, 341-343; sketch, 410. Four Lakes, at Madison, how named, 405; near Sugar Creek, 368; Winnebagoes on, 72; Kinzies at, 100, 102, 103, 256; in Black Hawk War, 316, 317. Four-Legs (Hootschope), Winnebago chief, 65; offers daughter to John H. Kinzie, 43-45; Mrs. Kinzie at village of, 41-45, 333; death, 60-63; view of village, 42. Four-Legs, Madame, at Fort Howard, 344; at husband’s funeral, 62, 63. Four-Legs (Young Dandy), Winnebago chief, at Fort Winnebago, 264, 265. Fowle, Maj. John, jr., at Fort Dearborn, 144. Fox, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Fox Indians (Musquakees), French appellation of, 53; relations with French, 52, 53; with English, 7; allied to Sacs, 402; talk with Harrison, 387, 388; on Mississippi, 270, 391, 392; in treaty of 1804, 389, 390; in treaty of 1816, 411, 412; Forsyth’s agency, 387, 419; one marries Winnebago woman, 269, 270; Madame Four-Legs, 62, 63, 344; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; in Black Hawk War, 314; at Rock Island, 404. Franchère, Gabriel, Narrative of a Voyage, etc., 4. François, half-breed interpreter, 186. Frankfort, Ky., Western World, 404. Franks, Jacob, fur trader, 402. French, early maps by, 408; rout Foxes, 53, 402; downfall of New France, xiii, 7; nature of French-Canadian patois, 412; names for Indians, 53, 54; as fur trade agents, 394; as voyageurs, 327-338, 344-352; as cooks, 31, 37, 47, 101, 102, 236, 251; related to Winnebagoes, 373, 374, 403; at Butte des Morts, 49, 402; Chicago, 142, 146, 158, 160, 407, 408; Fort Winnebago, 66, 68, 83, 85, 86, 94-97, 260, 262, 263, 269, 271, 274-277, 285, 320, 322, 327, 365, 369-371, 403; Green Bay, 23, 398; in Kinzie’s employ, 95-139, 227; at Barney Lawton’s, 235; Mackinac, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 395; on Mississippi, 403; at Prairie du Chien, 398; on Rock River, 407; at Sandwich, 12; Eleazer Williams pretends to be dauphin, 401. Frum, Louis (dit Manaigre), at Fort Winnebago, 262, 263, 274-276, 320, 352. Fry, ——, tried by Boilvin, 28. Fur trade, features of voyageur service, 150-154; by English, 394; at Astoria, 393; Chicago, 145, 146, 156, 190, 191, 408; Detroit, 407, 408; Dixon, 407; Fort Winnebago, 80; Green Bay, 14, 396, 398, 402; on Mississippi, 403; at Morrison’s Grove, 405; Portage, 405; Prairie du Chien, 414; St. Joseph’s 180; operations by Boilvin, 400; Davenport, 391; Fisher, 398; Thomas Forsyth, 387, 419; Charles Gratiot, 414; Grignons, 400; John Kinzie, 146-150, 156; Knaggs, 413; Laframboises, 394, 395; Paquette, 326, 336, 337, 413; Réaume, 399; Rolette, 17-19, 398; Whitney, 412. See also, American Fur Co., Hudson Bay Co., Mackinaw Co., Northwest Co., Southwest Co., and Scotch. Furman, Lieut John G., at Fort Dearborn, 144; death, 201. Gagnon, Ernest, Chansons Populaires du Canada, 400. Gaines, Gen. E. P., removes Black Hawk, 391. Galena, Ill., Kent at, 107, 384, 405; Hempsteads, 404; Philleo, 306; in Black Hawk War, 318; in Peoria County, 407; trail from Peoria, 406, 407. Gardiner, Mrs. ——, hospital matron, 246. Garlic Island (Island Park), near Oshkosh, 402; Wild Cat’s village, 358; Mrs. Kinzie at, 45, 331-333. Genéviève, a half-breed servant, 138, 376. Glamorgan, ——, Dominican negro, 146. Gleason, Luther, settler on Fox River, 54, 56, 350-352. Gordon, Daisy, copies portrait of John H. Kinzie, xvi. Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor Kinzie, read proof-sheets, xxi. Grand Chûte, Mrs. Kinzie at, 35-39, 69, 333, 345-348, 369; view, 346. Grand Haven, Mich., settled, 394. Grand Marais, Kinzies near, 124. Gratiot, Charles, fur trader, sketch, 414. Gratiot, Maj. Charles, plans Fort Howard, 397. Gratiot, Henry, son of Charles, 414; Indian agent, 323; lead miner, 404. Green, Emerson, killed in Black Hawk War, 318. Green Bay, 70; named Baye des Puans, 403; arrival of Nicolet, 403; Réaume’s career, 27, 28, 399, 400; fur trade, 396, 398, 402; hanging of Doyle, 341-343; in Black Hawk War, 339-344, 375, 415; Stambaugh’s expedition, 349, 416; Doty’s court, 397; first ferry, 396; arrival of Winnebago commissioners, 364; mosquitoes, 340; Green Bay fly, 341; residents met at Butte des Morts, 48; Bairds at, 398, 399; Bealls, 399; Cadle’s mission, 398; Charles Gratiot, 414; Grignon family, 400; Ursula M. Grignon, 398; W. S. Hamilton, 406; Kinzies, xvii, 1, 13-30, 58, 68, 278, 303-306, 326, 344, 386; Rolette, 18; Stambaugh, 413; Whitney, 412. See also, Fort Howard, Navarino, and Shantytown. Greenville, Ohio, treaty of, xv, 408. Gridley, ——, a soldier, 35. Griffith, ——, a soldier, 185, 186. Grignon, ——, half-breed at Butte des Morts, 48, 50. Grignon, Misses, described by Mrs. Kinzie, 20, 21. Grignon, Amable, son of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Augustin, son of Pierre, 400; fur trader, 402; at Kaukauna, 400; “Recollections,” 400. Grignon, Charles, son of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Domitilde, daughter of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Elizabeth, assists Mazzuchelli, 266. Grignon, Hippolyte, son of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Jean Baptiste, son of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Louis, son of Pierre, 400; fur trader, 20, 398. Grignon, Marguerite, daughter of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Petaille, engagé, 83, 227, 236-238, 240, 250, 252, 254, 258. Grignon, Pierre, fur trader, 400. Grignon, Mrs. Pierre, marries Langevin, 400. Grignon, Pierre Antoine, son of Pierre, 400. Grignon, Ursula M., described by Mrs. Kinzie, 21; sketch, 398. Grignon family, at Kaukauna, 30, 31, 307; at Butte des Morts, 48; sketch, 400. Grosse Pointe, near Detroit, 224. Guardapie, Alexis, a voyageur, 331, 338. Haliburton, ——, first husband of Mrs. Mackenzie, xiii, 147. Hall, Benjamin, marries Margaret McKenzie, xvi. Hamilton, Alexander, father of William Stephen, 406. Hamilton, Mrs. Alexander, visits Wisconsin, 406. Hamilton, Lieut. Gov. Henry, expedition against Vincennes, 399. Hamilton, Col. R. J., at Chicago, 227. Hamilton, William Stephen, entertains Kinzies, 107-116; escorts Kinzies, 307; sketch, 406. Hamilton’s Diggings (Wiota), founded, 406; Mrs. Kinzie at, 107-114, 307. Hancock, ——, a soldier, 86. Hanks, Lieut. Porter, loses Mackinac, 395. Harbor Springs, Mich. See L’Arbre Croche. Hardscrabble, early name for Lee’s Place, 144. Harmon, Dr. E., early Chicago physician, 145, 202, 204. Harney, Capt. William Selby, escorts Kinzies to Fort Winnebago, 21, 22, 25; at Fort Winnebago, 17, 80, 91, 113, 354; in Black Hawk War, 316; sketch, 397. Harrison, Gen. William Henry, fights Indians, 404; at Detroit, xvi, 193, 196; governor of Indiana Territory, 399; talks with Sacs and Foxes, 387, 388. Harry, a negro servant, 233, 234, 236, 237, 240, 274, 277, 332, 334. Hastings’s Woods, near Portage, 370; Mrs. Kinzie at, 257, 258. Hays, Sergt. ——, killed in Chicago massacre, 191. Hays, Henry, deserts George Forsyth, 148, 149. Heacock, Russell E., Chicago resident, 144. Heald, Capt. Nathan, in Chicago massacre, 156, 162-168, 186-188. Heald, Mrs. Nathan, in Chicago massacre, 157, 179-181, 186-188. Healy, G. P. A., portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John H. Kinzie, frontispiece, xvi. Helm, Edwin, son of Linai T., 236, 240, 241, 274, 278, 379; goes to Green Bay, 331, 332, 334-336. Helm, Lieut. Linai T., in Chicago massacre, 156, 173, 175, 177, 186, 187. Helm, Mrs. Margaret, wife of foregoing, a McKillip, xvi, 224; narrative of Chicago massacre, 157, 173-191; goes to Fort Winnebago, 227, 234-259; at Fort Winnebago, 275, 319, 320, 324, 325; goes to Fort Howard, 327-337; returns to Fort Winnebago, 344-352. Hempstead, ——, Galena resident, 71. Hempstead, Charles, Galena lawyer, 404. Hempstead, Edward, Galena resident, 404. Hempstead, Stephen, sketch, 404. Hempstead, Susan, marries Henry Gratiot, 404. Henry, Gen. James D., in Black Hawk War, 321, 343, 344, 416. “Henry Clay,” early lake steamer, xvii, 1-3, 9, 11-13, 15. Henshaw, Miss Frances, visits Kinzies, 303, 412. Hickory Creek, early ball at, 227-230. Hinckley, Capt. ——, at Fort Dearborn, 231, 232. Hogan, John Stephen Coats, sutler at Fort Dearborn, 145; sketch, 408. Holmes, Maj. Andrew Hunter, killed on Mackinac Island, 395, 396. Holt, Sergt. ——, wounded in Chicago massacre, 178. Holt, Mrs. ——, wife of foregoing, heroism of, 178, 179. Hooe, Lieut. Alexander S., at Fort Winnebago, 54; sketch, 403. Hoo-wau-ne-kah (Little Elk), Winnebago chief, 65; in Black Hawk War, 321, 322. Howard, Gen. Benjamin, opinion of treaty of 1804, 388; name given to Fort Howard, 397. Hubbard, Bela, Memorials of a Half Century, 400. Hudson Bay Company, fur trade of, 394. Hull, Gen. William, arrives at Detroit, 162; surrender, 192. Hunt, George, at Wolf’s Point, 198. Hunt’s Merchants' Magazine, 400. Hunter, Lieut. David, at Fort Dearborn, 144, 376; escorts Mrs. Kinzie, 344-352; in Black Hawk War, 322; sketch, 414. Huron Indians, raided by Iroquois, 396; settle at Point St. Ignace, 396. Hurlburt, Henry H., Chicago Antiquities, 408. Illinois, embraces Wisconsin, 400; early land surveys, 406; Sac and Fox cession (1804), 411; furnishes cattle for Fort Howard, 406; in Black Hawk War, 273, 314, 315, 411, 412, 416, 417; Wau-Bun as historical material for, xx. Illinois Indians, early French among, 146. Indians, customs and dances, 278-286, 364, 365; marriage customs, 264, 265, 372-375; medicine men, 282, 283; legend of little rail (poule d’eau), 242-244; of red fox, 287-294; of Sheesheebanze (little duck), 295-302; feast of green corn, 220, 221; scalp dance, 364, 365; dance at Fort Winnebago, 324; division of labor, 280, 281, 412; jerking of meat, 165; mat weaving, 54, 55; rice harvest, 46, 56; use of kinnikinick, 42, 66; mounds at Butte des Morts, 402; at Lake Koshkonong, 411; burial customs, 60-63, 284, 285; payment of annuities, 72-75, 80, 262, 272, 278-286, 363, 364, 366; in Pontiac’s conspiracy, 12; Black Hawk War a blot on our relations with, 416; attitude of, to Cadle’s mission, 398; Boilvin’s agency, 400; Forsyth’s, 419; Gratiot’s, 414; Street’s, 404; Stuart’s, 393; at Mackinac, 9. See also, the several tribes. Indiana Territory, embraces Wisconsin, 399. Iowa, Mazzuchelli in, 411; Winnebago Indians in, 357. Iowa County, Wis., Hogan in, 408. Iowa Indians, met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32. Iroquois Indians, friendly to English, 206, 207, 215; raids of, 393, 396. Irving, Washington, Astoria, 4. Irwin, Alexander, in Black Hawk War, 349. Irwin family, at Green Bay, 305. Island Park, near Oshkosh. See Garlic Island. Jackson, Gen. Andrew, in Creek War, 418. Jayne, Dr. ——, canal commissioner, 409. Jefferson Barracks, Black Hawk at, 387, 392. Jenks, Alfred E., on wild rice, 402. Jesuits, Marquette’s operations, 12, 396; at De Pere, 413; La Richardie at Sandwich, 396; Relations, 401. Jewett, Charles, Indian agent, 197. Jews, in fur trade, 402. Johnson, Sir John, English Indian agent, 211, 216, 218, 220-223, 410. Johnson, Col. Richard M., interested in Indian education, 88, 89; sketch, 404, 405. Johnson, Sir William, English Indian superintendent, 410. Joliet, Louis, explores Mississippi River, 396, 403. Juneau, Solomon, on Cadle’s mission, 398. Justice, Réaume’s administration of, 399, 400; Boilvin’s, 400; Doty’s, 397; Lawe and Porlier’s, 402; at Chicago, 408, 409. Karraymaunee (Nawkaw), Winnebago chief, 63. Kaskaskia, Ill., Charles Gratiot at, 414. Kaukauna (Grand Kaccalin, Cacalin, Cockolin, Kackalin, Kakalin, Kokolow), first settlement at, 400; Presbyterian mission, 400, 401; Mrs. Kinzie, 22, 26, 30-35, 306, 307, 337. Keepotah (Kepotah) befriends Kinzies, 179, 181, 186, 188, 196, 197. Kellogg, O. W., settles Buffalo Grove, 406; entertains Kinzies, 116-118; accompanies Kinzies, 117-139. Kellogg, Mrs. O. W., entertains Kinzies, 116-118. Kellogg’s Grove, Mrs. Kinzie at, 114-118, 307; St. Vrain killed at, 392; in Black Hawk War, 316. Kent, Rev. Aratus, Galena clergyman, 107, 384; sketch, 405. Kent, Mrs. Aratus, wife of foregoing, 384. Kentucky, R. M. Johnson’s career, 404, 405; J. M. Street in, 404. Keokuk, Fox chief, 404. Kercheval, Gholson, 408; French nickname for, 153; fur trader, 145; sutler at Fort Howard, 364, 366; at Chicago, 231, 233, 237; at early ball, 228-230; accompanies Kinzies, 233, 234. Kewaniquot (Returning Cloud), Ottawa chief, 394, 398. Kickapoo Indians, fur trade of, 150. Kilbourn City, Wis., near Wisconsin River dalles, 417. Kilgour, Corporal ——, escorts Kinzies, 36, 41. King, Mrs. Charles, grandchild of Haliburton, xiii. Kinnikinick, Indian substitute for tobacco, 42, 66. Kinzie, Ellen Marion, daughter of John, xvi. Kinzie, Elizabeth, daughter of John, xv, xvi. Kinzie, James, son of John, xv, xvi. Kinzie, John, at Bertrand, Mich., 146, 408; early life in Chicago, 154, 407; in Chicago massacre, 154-191; captivity by English, 192-196; returns to Chicago (1816), 197; last years and death, 197-200; sketch, xiii-xvi. Kinzie, Mrs. John, wife of foregoing, 145; captivity among Senecas, 205-223; in Chicago massacre, 155; prophecy as to Chicago land values, 205; greets authoress, 139; at Fort Winnebago, 227 , 234-259, 264, 265, 378; at Prairie du Chien, 354, 356; has vision of brother’s death, 224-227. Kinzie, John H., son of foregoing, residence in Chicago, 141, 142; canoe trip on Fox River, 25-27; at Fort Winnebago, 69, 71, 74, 76, 87-90, 95, 260-263, 272, 278-304, 357-386; journey to Chicago, 94-139; returns to Fort Winnebago, 253-259, 306-313; sends family to Fort Howard, 326, 327, 335, 343; relieves return party, 348-352; at Rock Island, 355, 356; at Prairie du Chien, 314; in Black Hawk War, 314-371, 387-392; plats Kinzie’s Addition, 376; not author of Narrative of Massacre at Chicago, xviii; sketch, xvi-xviii; portrait, xxiii; view of residence, 150. Kinzie, Mrs. John H. (Juliette A. Magill), journey to Green Bay, 1-13; at Green Bay, 13-24; canoe trip to Fort Winnebago, 25-57; at Fort Winnebago, 57-96; journey to Chicago, 96-139; in Chicago, 139-234; return to Fort Winnebago, 234-259; at the fort, 259-304; visit to Green Bay, 304-306; horseback trip to Portage, 306-313; again at Fort Winnebago, 314-326; fleeing to Green Bay, 326-338; return to Portage, 339-352; at the fort again, 353-386; account of Black Hawk War, 314-371; Narrative of Massacre at Chicago, xviii, xix; Walter Ogilby, xix; other literary work, xviii-xx; sketch, xvii, xviii; portrait, frontispiece. Kinzie, Maria Indiana, daughter of John, xvi. Kinzie, Robert Allen, son of John, xvi; fur trader, 408; at Chicago, 227-230; locates Kinzie’s Addition, 204, 205; hunting, 201; accompanies John H., 234; at Fort Winnebago, 58. Kinzie, William, born, xv, xvi. Kinzie family, relation to Chicago history, xviii; French nickname for, 153. Kishwaukee, Kinzies near, 124; in Black Hawk War, 315. Knaggs, James, early tavern keeper, 307-309, 413. Lacey, Lieut. Edgar M., at Fort Winnebago, 355, 356, 417. La Fayette County, Wis., early emigration to, 406. Laframboise, Joseph, fur trader, 394. Laframboise, Madame Joseph, half-breed trader, 9; sketch, 394, 395, 398. Laframboise, Josette (of Chicago), marries J. B. Beaubien, 407. Laframboise, Josette (of Mackinac), marries Captain Pierce, 395. Laframboise, Glode (Claude), friend of Tomah, 376. Lake Buffalo (Lac de Bœuf), Mrs. Kinzie on, 55, 56, 351. Lake Butte des Morts, Mrs. Kinzie on, 45, 46. Lake Crystal, Kinzies on, 242. Lake Erie, crossed by Lytle, 223; Perry’s battle on, 194, 195. Lake Fox, Winnebagoes on, 72. Lake Geneva (Big Foot, Gros-pied, Maunk-suck), Shaubena at, 409; Kinzies on, 245, 247-251, 253; view, 250. Lake Green, Winnebagoes on, 72; seen by Judge Doty, 51. Lake Huron, guarded by Mackinac Island, 395; early settlements on, 1; Mrs. Kinzie on, 2, 3, 5. Lake Kegonsa (First Lake), how named, 405. Lake Koshkonong, on Chicago trail, 94, 108, 122; Winnebagoes on, 72, 252-254, 404; in Black Hawk War, 317, 318, 411, 414-416. Lake Mendota (Fourth Lake), how named, 405. Lake Michigan, 156; guarded by Mackinac Island, 395; currents of, 408; touched by Sac trail, 407; Pottawattomies on, 120, 409; fur trade, 6, 394; early settlements, 1; in Chicago massacre, 171; as state boundary, 397; Mrs. Kinzie on, 12, 13; bounds Kinzie’s Addition, 204; Dominicans west of, 411; in Black Hawk War, 415, 416; Chicago canal, 409. Lake Monona (Third Lake), how named, 405. Lake Mud, Winnebagoes on, 72. Lake Puckaway, Mrs. Kinzie on, 54, 55, 60, 350. Lake St. Clair, near Detroit, 224. Lake Superior, guarded by Mackinac Island, 395; fur trade on, 6, 152, 400. Lake Swan, near Portage, 286. Lake Waubesa (Second Lake), how named, 405. Lake Wingra (Dead Lake), at Madison, 405. Lake Winnebago, Mrs. Kinzie on, 31, 40-45, 60, 330-332, 348, 349, 413; Wild Cat’s village, 358; Stockbridges on, 401; Winnebagoes, 72; Rolette, 18, 19. Lake Winnipeg, Winnebagoes probably from, 403. La Liberté, Louis, voyageur, 154. Lands, early surveys in Middle West, 406; public sales of, xviii; cession by Wisconsin Indians, 355, 357; Sac and Fox cessions, 387-391, 411, 412; grant in aid of Chicago canal, 409, 410. Langevin, Jean Baptiste, marries widow of Pierre Grignon, 400. Lapierre, ——, a blacksmith, 100. Lapierre, ——, a voyageur, 56. La Prairie, near Montreal, 399. L’Arbre Croche, Indian village, seen by Mrs. Kinzie, 12, 13, 396. La Richardie, Father Armand de, Jesuit missionary, 396. Lashley, ——, residence at Mackinac, 10. Lawe, John, Green Bay resident, meets Mrs. Kinzie, 48, 49; sketch, 402. Lawton, Barney, Illinois settler, 137, 138, 234, 235. Lead region. Sac and Fox land cession (1804), 411, 412; early emigration to, 406; Gratiot in, 404, 414; Presbyterian mission to, 405; in Black Hawk War, 412. Leclerc, Peresh, half-breed interpreter, 176, 177. Lecuyer, Simon, engagé, 227, 236-240, 252. Lee, ——, killed in Chicago massacre, 189. Lee, Mrs. ——, wife of foregoing, in Indian captivity, 189, 190; marries Du Pin, 191. Lee, William, early Chicago exhorter, 144, 145; sketch, 408. Lee’s Place (Hardscrabble), in Chicago massacre, 155-157, 159, 160. Legends of Fox River (of Green Bay), 56, 57; story of the little rail, 242-244; story of the red fox, 287-294; story of Sheesheebanze (little duck), 295-302. Le Mai, ——, Chicago fur trader, 146. Letendre, Jean B., French messenger, 83. Lincoln, Abraham, commissions John H. Kinzie, xviii. Lippincott & Co., J. B., republish Wau-Bun, xix. “Little Belt,” English war vessel, 195. Little Chûte, Mrs. Kinzie at, 35, 333-336. Little Kaukauna, Réaume at, 399. Little Priest, Winnebago chief, 272. Logan, James, mentions Chicago, 408. Louisa, negro domestic, 68, 69, 81, 82, 84-86, 90, 94, 274. Louisiana Territory, Harrison’s governorship, 388. Low, Nicholas, grandson of Haliburton, xiii, 147. Lytle, ——, Pennsylvania frontiersman, family stolen by Senecas, 207-209, 212-216, 220, 222, 223. Lytle, Mrs. ——, wife of foregoing, captured by Indians, 209-212, 215, 216, 220-223; at Detroit, 225, 226. Lytle, Eleanor. See Mrs. John Kinzie. Lytle, Maggie, flees from Indians, 213-215. Lytle, Thomas, flees from Indians, 213-215; death of, 224-227. McCoy, ——, missionary, 233. McKee, Col. Alexander, British Indian agent, 186, 192. McKenzie, Elizabeth, adventures of, xiv-xvi. McKenzie, Isaac, daughters captured by Shawanese, xiv, xv. Mackenzie, John, father of John Kinzie, xiii. Mackenzie, Mrs. John, wife of foregoing, xiii; marries Haliburton and Forsyth, xiii. McKenzie, Margaret, adventures of, xiv-xvi. McKillip, Capt. ——, marries Eleanor Lytle, 224. McKillip, Eleanor (Lytle), widow of foregoing, marries John Kinzie, xvi, 149, 150. McKillip, Margaret. See Mrs. Lieut. L. T. Helm. Mackinac Island (Michillimackinac), origin of name, 11, 393; Hurons at, 396; calms off, 1; fur trade of, 150, 152, 326, 394, 395; massacre at, 323; held by English, 162, 164, 395, 396; Presbyterian mission, 6, 9, 394; Abbott at, 395; Bairds, 398; Beaumont, 413; Edward Biddie’s marriage, 395; Charles Gratiot, 414; Healds, 188; Kinzies, xvi, 3-12; Laframboise, 395; Mazzuchelli, 411; Capt. Pierce’s marriage, 395; view, 6. Mackinac boats, described, 394; used in fur trade, 8, 25-27, 344. Mackinaw City (Old Mackinac), seen by Mrs. Kinzie, 12. Mackinaw Company, fur trade of, 394. Macomb, ——, released by English, 196. Madison, naming of lakes, 405; Kinzies near site of, 100; early tavern, 405. Magill, Arthur, at Fort Winnebago, 314; escorts Mrs. Kinzie, 327-337. Magill, Julian, at Fort Winnebago, 278, 379; goes to Fort Howard, 331, 332. Magill, Juliette A., marries John H. Kinzie, xvii. See also, Mrs. John H. Kinzie. Mail service, at early Chicago, 145, 198; Peoria to Galena, 407. Man Eater, Winnebago chief, 253; in Black Hawk War, 323. Manitoulin Islands, calms off, 1. Maple sugar, made by Indians, 7, 8. Marcotte, Jean Baptiste, father of Madame Laframboise, 394. “Mariner,” early lake schooner, 339, 340. Marquette, Father Jacques, Jesuit missionary, 396; discovers Mississippi, 403. Marsh, Rev. Cutting, missionary to Stockbridges, 400; diary of, 415; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; sketch, 401. Marten, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Mary, a servant, 379. Mâtâ, a blacksmith, 320, 330-337; injury of daughter, 368-371. Mâtâ, Sophy, injured on ice, 368-371. Mauzheegawgaw swamp, Mrs. Kinzie crosses, 51, 309-312. Mazzuchelli, Rev. Samuel Charles, Catholic missionary, 266, 375; sketch, 411. Menomonee Indians, French name for, 8; relations with English, 7; salutation of dawn, 19; marriage customs, 373; treaty with New York Indians, 14; fur trade of, 150; Grignons related to, 20; in Black Hawk War, 330, 416. See also Wishtayyun. Menomoneeville. See Shantytown. Methodists, met by Mrs. Kinzie, 136, 137. Miami Indians, friendly in Chicago massacre, 168, 173; relations to English, 6, 7. Miami Rapids, Fort Defiance at, 224. Michigan, Sacs in, 407; Cass’s governorship, 44; Porter’s, 358; early Chicago mail, 198; militia in Black Hawk War, 416. Michigan City, Mich., genesis of, 143. Michillimackinac. See Mackinac Island. Miller, ——, Chicago resident, 143. Milwaukee (Milwaukie), John Kinzie’s trade at, 150; Chicago prisoners at, 188; Parkman Club Papers, 401, 402. Miner, Rev. Jesse, missionary to Stockbridges, 401. Mineral Point, Wis., Judge Doty at, 25. Mink, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Minnesota, fur trade in, 412. Mishinemackinawgo Indians, name-givers to Michillimackinac, 393. Missions, Protestant, at Mackinac, 6-11; among Winnebagoes, 265-268. See also, Cadle, Ferry, Kent, Marsh, Mazzuchelli, Miner, Catholics, Jesuits, and the several Protestant denominations. Missouri, Sac and Fox cession (1804), 411; early land surveys, 406. Mitchell, David, resident of Mackinac, 9. Mitchell, Mrs. David, at Mackinac, 10, 395. Moaway (the Wolf), Pottawattomie Indian, 138. Mohawk (Mohican) Indians, in Revolutionary War, 410; descendants in Wisconsin, 333. Montreal, fur trade entrepôt, 151, 393, 402; Sir John Johnson at, 410; schools of, 395. Morrin, Isidore, government blacksmith at Fort Winnebago, 262, 385. Morrison, Col. James, entertains Kinzies, 104-109; sketch, 405. Morrison, Mrs. James, entertains Mrs. Kinzie, 104-107. Morrison’s (Porter’s) Grove, settled, 405; Kinzies at, 104-107, 109. Munsee Indians, move to Wisconsin, 401. Muskrat, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Musquakees. See Fox Indians. Myers, Granny, frontier settler, 214. Nanneebozho, Indian sprite, 242-244. “Napoleon,” lake schooner, 230-233, 277. Naunongee, Pottawattomie chief, killed by Hays, 191. Navarino, Wis., founded by Whitney, 412; Kinzies at, 16, 17. Navigation. See Durham boats, Mackinac boats, Portages, Steamers, Voyageurs, and Newberry. Necedah, Wis., Winnebagoes near, 404. Neenah, Wis., Mrs. Kinzie on site of, 41-45. Neescotneemeg, Pottawattomie chief, 144, 182. Negroes, at Chicago, 233; at Fort Winnebago, 68, 81, 84-86. See also, Black Jim, David, Ephraim, Harry, and Louisa. Newberry, Oliver, owner of Lake schooner, 304, 339. New France, downfall, xiii, 394. Newhall, Dr. ——, Galena physician, 83. New York, William Forsyth at, xiii. New York Indians. See also, Waubanakees. Nicolet, Jean, discovers Northwest, 403. Niles, Mich., John Kinzie at, 146; on mail route, 304. Northwest Company, organized, 394; Shaw’s agency, 153; employs Robert Stuart, 393. Nunns & Clark, piano manufacturers, 66. Ogee (Ogie), John, Indian lad, 119, 120. Ogee (Ogie), Joseph, ferryman, 120, 407. Ogee’s (Ogie’s) ferry, Mrs. Kinzie at, 114. Ogilvie, Gillespie & Co., fur traders, 402. Old Boilvin, a Winnebago, 285, 286. Old Queen, mother of Corn Planter, 211, 216-220. Old Smoker, an Indian, 327, 341, 343. Olean Point, N. Y., Seneca village at, 211. Oneida Indians, move to Wisconsin, 401. See also, Eleazer Williams. Oshkosh, Wis., 402; settled, 413. Oswego, Ill., Mrs. Kinzie at, 131. Ottawa Indians, French appellation of, 52; language, 287; at Point St. Ignace, 396; at Mackinac, 5-12; relations to English, 7; at Tippecanoe, 157; treaty of 1816, 388; related to J. P. Beaubien, 407; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; Blackbird’s History, 393. Otter, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Ouilmette, Antoine, Chicago settler, 182, 185, 233. Ouilmette, Josette, daughter of foregoing, bond servant, 233, 267, 277-336, 351, 379. Ourand, Charles H., sketch of Fort Dearborn I, 156. Owen, Col. T. J. V., Indian agent, 227. Paquette, Pierre, Winnebago interpreter, 57, 95, 272; marries Miss Crélie, 414; at Fort Winnebago, 356, 361, 372; in Black Hawk War, 317, 322, 326-328; keeps Bellefontaine, 413; sketch, 403. Paquette, Mrs. Pierre, wife of foregoing, 267, 372. Paquette, Thérèse, daughter of foregoing, at Sunday school, 274. Parkman Club Papers, 401, 402. Path Valley, Pa., settled, 207. Patterson, ——, fur trader, 194. Pawnee Blanc (White Pawnee, Old Dandy), Winnebago chief, 66, 73-75. Pawnee Blanc, widow of, 284. Peach, ——, at Fort Winnebago, 264. Peesotum, a Pottawattomie, 175, 178. Peoria, Ill., fur trade at, 419; death of Point-au-Sable, 146; Lieut. Helm at, 186; trail to Galena, 406; Chicago mail, 198. Peoria County, Ill., embraces Galena and Chicago, 407. Perry, Commodore Oliver H., victory on Lake Erie, 195. Peten Well, Wis., Winnebagoes at, 404. Petit Rocher, Wis., in Black Hawk War, 321. Philleo, Dr. Addison, Galena physician, 306, 310-312. Piché, Pierre, a French settler, 121, 132, 134. Pierce, Capt. Benjamin K., commandant at Mackinac, 395. Pillon, ——, an engagé, 85, 96-99, 263, 320. Pillon, Mrs. ——, wife of foregoing, a servant, 94, 96. Pipes, as units of measure, 30, 328, 414, 415. Pittsburg, protects Western settlers, 206; Lytle at, 213, 216. Plante, ——, an engagé, 85, 103, 121, 126, 276, 313, 320. Plympton, Capt. Joseph C, at Fort Winnebago, 360; sketch, 418. Point-au-Sable, Jean Baptiste, settles at Chicago, 146. Point St. Ignace, Marquette at, 12, 396. Pontiac, at taking of Mackinac, 12. Portier, Jacques, fur trader, 402; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 49. Portage, Wis., winding of Fox River at, 57; fur trade, 405; trail to Chicago, 108; surrender of Red Bird, 417; supplies for Sugar Creek, 100; Mazzuchelli at, 266. See also. Fort Winnebago, Kinzies, and Paquette. Portages, Chicago, 146; Fox-Wisconsin, 60; Grand Chûte, 35-38, 345-348; Kaukauna, 31-34; Little Kaukauna, 35. See also, the several localities. Porter, Gov. George B., Indian superintendent, 358, 364, 386; governor of Michigan Territory, 418. Portier (Porthier), Mrs. Joseph, at Chicago, 232. Pottawattomie Indians, French appellation of, 52; language, 127, 130; relations to English, 7; fur trade of, 150; Point-au-Sable among, 146; in Chicago massacre, 154-191; at Tippecanoe, 157; restrained by Shaubena, 197; at Chicago, 138; at Wolf Point, 138; treaty of 1816, 388; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; in Black Hawk War, 272, 412; treaties of 1836, 409; Ouilmette related to, 233; Tomah, 376-379; removal from Lake Michigan, 120. See also, Big Foot, Billy Caldwell, Black Partridge, Alexander Robinson, Shaubena, and other chiefs. Powell, William, fur trader, 329, 333, 350. Prairie du Chien, Wis., fur trade at, 414; captured by British, 398; early justice at, 28; school, 368; Doty’s court, 397; imprisonment of Red Bird, 417; Black Hawk’s surrender, 354, 417; Boilvin’s agency, 285; Street’s agency, 404; Fisher at, 398; Charles Gratiot, 414; Johnson, 405; Kinzies, xvii, 42-45, 314-356; Mrs. Mitchell, 10; Rolette, 18, 398. Prairie du Sac, in Black Hawk War, 416. Presbyterians. See Kent, Marsh, Miner, and Stockbridges. Proctor, Gen. Henry A., British commandant at Detroit, 186, 192-196. Prophet, Black Hawk’s adviser, 392, 417. Protestants. See the several denominations. Puans (Puants). See Winnebago Indians. Quashquame, Sac chief, on land cessions, 388, 389. Quincy, Ill., fur trade near, 419. Quebec, Wolfe’s victory, xiii; John Kinzie at, xiii, xiv, 147, 195, 196. Réaume, Charles, Green Bay justice, 27; sketch, 399, 400. Récollet missionaries, at Detroit, 396. Rector, Col. William, surveyor-general of Illinois, 406. Red Bird, Winnebago chief, uprising of, 197, 319, 414; imprisonment at Fort Winnebago, 357; sketch, 417, 418. Revolutionary War, 399, 410. Reynolds, Gov. John, in Black Hawk War, 355, 412. Richardson, Maj. ——, Hardscrabble, and Waunangee, 155. Ridgway, Isaac A., view of Fort Winnebago, 358. River Alleghany, settlement on, 206; captivity of Lytle family, 211. River Au Sable, friendly Indians on, 186, 189. River Bad Ax, battle of, 416, 417. River Baraboo (Barribault), Winnebagoes on, 72,270, 321, 382, 414. River Calumet (at Chicago), Indians at, 157; hunters, 201; Lee, 408. River Chicago, 144; in massacre of 1812, 175; portage, 146, 408. River Des Moines, street on, 404. River Desplaines (Aux Plaines), Pottawattomies on, 409; in Chicago massacre, 182; Kinzies on, 137, 234, 376. River Detroit, Fort Maiden on, 194; ferry, 225. River Du Page, Mrs. Kinzie on, 134-136. River Fox (of Green Bay), 410; Indian tradition of, 56; Wolf confounded with, 53; at Portage, 58-60, 403; as a freight way, 231; description and tradition of Grand Butte des Morts, 402; of Petit Butte des Morts, 401; fur trade on, 396; Jesuits, 413; Stockbridges, 333-336; Winnebagoes, 404; Fort Howard built, 397; Camp Smith, 396; Presbyterian mission on, 32, 401; Episcopalian mission, 32; in Black Hawk War, 415; Kinzies on, 13-60, 101-337; Wild Cat, 358, 359. River Fox (of Illinois), in treaty of 1804, 388; Kinzies on, 182-134, 237, 410. River Gasconade, in treaty of 1804, 388. River Grand, death of Laframboise, 394. River Illinois, fur trade on, 150; in treaty of 1804, 388; Chicago prisoners on, 188; Mrs. Holt, 179; Pottawattomies, 409; Chicago canal, 410. River Iowa (Ihoway), Sacs and Foxes on, 391. River Jefferson, in treaty of 1804, 388. River Kanawha, Isaac McKenzie on, xiv. River Kankakee, fur trade on, 150; Ottawas on, 409; hostile Indians from, 187, 188. River Maumee, John Kinzie on, xiv, 149. River Milwaukee (Melwakee), Pottawattomies on, 409. River Mississippi, discovered by Joliet and Marquette, 396; Cass’s expedition to sources of, 2, 393; Pottawattomies west of, 409; Sacs and Foxes on, 52, 270, 273, 411, 416; Sac trail to Canada, 120; Indian lands on, 266; Sac cessions, 388; fur trade, 6, 419; in War of 1812-15, 400; in Red Bird uprising, 197; in Black Hawk War, 314, 354, 392; canoe trips to, 17; First regiment ordered to, 260; workmen from, 262; Green Bay excursionists on, 303; travellers from, at Bellefontaine, 312; Boilvin on, 28; Johnson, 405; John H. Kinzie, 42-45; Mrs. Mitchell, 10. River Missouri, Pottawattomies on, 120, 200. River Monongahela, settlement on, 206. River Pecatonica, Mrs. Kinzie on, 115, 406. River Plum, settlement on, 207. River Raisin, massacre on, 192, 193. River Rock, fur trade on, 150; Chicago prisoners, 188; Sacs, 387-392; Winnebagoes, 160; Black Hawk’s village, 407; in Black Hawk War, 65, 317, 343, 412, 417; Dixon’s ferry, 116-121, 406; crossing at Lake Koshkonong, 94; Ogee’s ferry, 114; Mrs. Kinzie on, 252-254. River Root, Hogan on, 408. River St. Clair, cholera on, 340. River St. Joseph’s, in Chicago massacre, 171. River Susquehannah, limit of white settlement, 206. River Thames, Thomas Lytle on, 224-226; battle of, 404, 409. River Tippecanoe, treaty of 1836, 409. River Trench. See River Thames. River Wabash, Indian troubles on, 167; hostile Pottawattomies from, 181; Chicago prisoners on, 188; as state boundary, 397. River Wisconsin, at Portage, 60, 365; in treaty of 1804, 388; early canoe voyages on, 17; Sacs on, 417; Winnebagoes, 404; John H. Kinzie, 314; Roys, 275; in Black Hawk War, 321, 344, 416, 417. River Wolf, mistaken for Fox, 53. River Yellow, treaty of 1836, 409. Roberts, Charles, canal commissioner, 409. Roberts, Capt. Charles, captures Mackinac, 395. Robineau, ——, a voyageur, 345; blacksmith’s helper, 368-371. Robinson, Alexander, Pottawattomie chief, 144; befriends whites, 187, 249; sketch, 409. Rock (Rocky) Island, Ill., Davenport at, 391; Street’s agency, 404; Black Hawk at, 412; cholera, 355, 415; treaty, 355, 358. Rocky Mountains, discovery of passes, 405, 406. Rohl-Smith, Carl, artist of Chicago massacre monument, bas-reliefs by, 168, 174, 176. Rolette, Miss, ——, at Fort Winnebago, 377. Rolette, Joseph, Indian sobriquet for, 80; in Boilvin’s court, 28; at Fort Winnebago, 71; stories, of, 17-19; sketch, 398. Ronan, Ensign George, in Chicago massacre, 156, 163, 176. Root, Gen. Erastus, treaty commissioner, 15, 19. Roy, François, fur trader, 405. Roy, Pierre, son of foregoing, 95, 116, 126. Roy family, at Portage, 275. Rum traffic, opposed by Robert Stuart, 393. Sac (Sauk) Indians, allied with Foxes, 52; relations to English, 7; great trail to Canada, 120, 123, 126; in treaty of 1804, 411; land session by, 387-391; at Rock Island, 404; on Mississippi, 269; Forsyth’s agency, 419; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; in Black Hawk War, 116, 273-371, 387-392, 402, 414-417. St. Augustine, Fla., settlement of, 12. St. Jean, ——, fur trader, 152, 153. St. Joseph’s, Ind., fur trade at, 180; in Chicago massacre, 186-188; John Kinzie at, xiv, 149; mission, 233, 236. St. Louis, Sac treaty of 1804, 389; in War of 1812-15, 400; treaty of 1816, 409; military post, 387; treaties at, 387-391; Hempstead, 404; Surveyor Thompson, 404. St. Martin, Alexis, patient of Dr. Beaumont, 413. St. Vrain, Felix, Indian agent, killed in Black Hawk War, 116, 392. Saginaw Bay, Mich., fur trade at, 419. Salt Creek, Kinzies on, 237. Sandusky, Ohio, John Kinzie at, xiv, 149. Sandwich, Ont., Jesuits at, 12; John Kinzie, 194; Forsyths, 205. Sangamon County, Ill., fur trade of, 150. Sauteurs. See Chippewa Indians. Sawmills, established by Whitney, 412. Schoolcraft, Henry R., views from Indian Tribes, 6; Sources of the Mississippi, 393. Schools. See Education. Scotch, in Northwest fur trade, xiii, xiv, 394, 398. Scott, Capt. Martin, at Fort Dearborn, 144; at Fort Howard, 343; sketch, 410. Scott, Gen. Winfield, in Black Hawk War, 355, 415. Seneca Indians, captivity of Mrs. John Kinzie, 205-223. Seneca, Ill., Pottawattomies near, 409. Shantytown (at Green Bay) , genesis of, 396; Kinzies at, 15, 337. Shaubena (Chambly, Shaubeenay, Shaubenah), Pottawattomie chief, befriends whites, 197; portrait, 198; sketch, 409. Shaw, ——, fur trade agent, 153, 154. Shawanee (Shawnee) Indians, in Dunmore’s War, xiv; capture McKenzie girls, xiv, xv; at Tippecanoe, 157. Shawneeaukee, John H. Kinzie’s Indian name, xvii, 5, 45, 54, 74, 102, 194, 248, 273, 308, 322. Shawneetown, Ill., Street at, 404. Sheaffe, Col. ——, English officer, 187. Sheesheebanze (little duck), story of, 295-302. Shoshone Indians, Doty treats with, 397. Shot-making, at Helena, 412. Sinclair, Commodore Arthur, attacks Mackinac Island, 395. Sinsinawa Mound, Dominican Academy at, 411. Sioux Indians, raid Chequamegon Bay, 396; Mrs. Mitchell related to, 10; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; in Black Hawk War, 416. Smith, Col. Joseph Lee, establishes Camp Smith, 396. Snakes, at Portage, 21. Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge, 401. Songs, by French-Canadian voyageurs, 28-30, 56, 400. South Kaukauna. See Kaukauna. Southwest Company, organized, 394; at Mackinac, 150. Spanish land grants at St. Louis, 146. Springfield, Ill., Sac lands sold at, 390; Dixon, 407. Stages, at Buffalo Grove, 118. Stambaugh, Col. Samuel C., Indian agent, 305; in Black Hawk War, 349; sketch, 413. Stanley, Webster, founds Oshkosh, 413. Statesburg. See Kaukauna. Steamers, early, on great lakes, xvii; on Mississippi River, 353. See also, “Henry Clay,” “Uncle Sam,” and “Warrior.” Stickney, Gardner P., “Use of Maize by Wisconsin Indians,” 402. Stillman, Maj. Isaiah, routed by Black Hawk, 417. Stillman’s Run. See Sycamore Creek. Stirling, Mark, deserts George Forsyth, 148, 149. Stockbridge (Waubanakee, Waubeenakee) Indians, Presbyterian mission to, 32, 400, 415; visited by Mrs. Kinzie, 26, 333-336. Stockbridge, Wis., Indian village, 401. Stoddard, Maj. ——, commandant at St. Louis, 387. Street, Gen. Joseph M., Indian agent at Prairie du Chien, 72; receives Black Hawk, 417; sketch, 404. Stuart, David, with American Fur Company, 393. Stuart, Robert, fur-trade agent, entertains Kinzies, 3; interest in missions, 6; sketch, 393, 394. Sulky, ——, a soldier, 91. Sully, R. M., portrait of Black Hawk, 354. Sugar Creek, Lapierre on, 100; Sophy Mâtâ’s accident at, 368-370. Sycamore Creek, Black Hawk’s victory at, 354, 417. Talk-English, a Winnebago, 64, 65. Taverns, at Bellefontaine, 60, 413; at Chicago, 143, 407; Madison, 405; Oshkosh, 413. Tecumseh, at treaty of Greenville, 408; killed at Thames, 405, 409. Thompson, James, surveys Chicago town site, 409; his map, 142. Thunder Bay, storms off, 1-3. Tippecanoe, battle of, 157, 167. Tomah, an Indian lad, 376-379. Topeeneebee, Pottawattomie chief, befriends Kinzies, 171, 185, 188. Toshunnuck, a Winnebago, 254, 255. Trails, evolution of Indian, 405; great Sac, to Canada, 120, 123, 126; Butte des Morts to Portage, 51; Dixon’s to Chicago, 117-139; Dixon’s to Peoria, 121; Fort Winnebago to Chicago, 94-139; Gleason’s to Portage, 56; Hamilton’s Diggings to Kellogg’s, 114-116; Kellogg’s to Ogee’s, 114; Morrison’s to Hamilton’s Diggings, 107-111; Peoria to Galena, 406; Piché’s to Chicago, 132; at Portage, 322; Portage to Chicago, 108. See also, Portages. Trail Creek (Rivière du Chemin), Miller on, 143. Treaties, of Ghent, 396; Paris (1783), 220; Greenville, 408; with Sacs and Foxes (1804), 411; St. Louis (1816), 409; Sac land cessions, 387-391; Menomonees and New York Indians (Waubanakees), 14; at Rock Island, 355, 358; with Pottawattomies (1836), 409; with Shoshones, 397. Tremont House, Chicago, 143. Turcotte, ——, a blacksmith, 320, 370. Turkey Creek, treaty of 1836, 409. Turner, Andrew J., “History of Fort Winnebago,” 411. Turtle Creek, at Beloit, 411; Winnebagoes on, 72; Kinzies, 251. Twenty-mile Prairie, Mrs. Kinzie on, 256, 257. Twiggs, Maj. David Emanuel, at Fort Winnebago, 58, 84, 90; entertains Kinzies, 259; leaves Fort Winnebago, 273; sketch, 399. Twiggs, Mrs. David E., at Fort Winnebago, 25, 68, 89. Twiggs, Lizzie, birth of, 92. “Uncle Sam,” early lake steamer, 189. Van Cleve, Lieut. Horatio Phillips, at Fort Winnebago, 379; sketch, 418. Van Cleve, Mrs. H. P. (Charlotte Ouisconsin Clark), wife of foregoing, Three Score Years and Ten, xix, 415. Van Voorhees, Dr. ——, in Chicago massacre, 156, 174. Victoire, family servant, 376. Vincennes, Ind., Indian council at, 197; in War of Revolution, 399. Virginia, capture of McKenzie girls, xiv-xvi. Vitelle, ——, an engagé, 335, 336. Voyageurs, characteristics of service, 150-154; pipes as unit of measure, 30, 328, 414; songs of, 28-30, 56, 400; on Mackinac boats, 394; at Butte des Morts, 49; at Fort Winnebago, 66; on Lake Superior, 400; at Prairie du Chien, 414; in service of Kinzies, 21, 25-57, 327-337. Wallace, ——, at Wolf’s Point, 198. Wapello, Fox chief, 404. War of 1812-15, fur trade in, 402; Sandusky campaign, 403; capture of Prairie du Chien, 400; Col. Cutler in, 418; Winnebagoes, 404. “Warrior,” steamer in Black Hawk War, 353, 416. Washington, D. C., Shaubena at, 409; Winnebagoes, 264, 404. Waubanakees. See Stockbridge Indians. Waubansee, Pottawattomie chief, 128; befriends whites, 178, 183. Waubeeneenah, Pottawattomie chief, 175, 176. Waukaunkau (Little Snake), hostage for Winnebago suspects, 357-362. Waupaca, Cutting Marsh at, 401. Waygeemarkin, an Indian magician, 295-302. Wayne, Gen. Anthony, fights Indians, 224. Weeks, ——, entertains Kinzies, 187. Wekau, a Winnebago, friend of Red Bird, 417, 418. Wells, Capt. William, in Chicago massacre, 168, 175, 178; illustration of death of, 176. Wentworth, ——, Chicago tavern-keeper, 143; met by Mrs. Kinzie, 138. Whigs, appoint Street, 404. Whistler, Capt. John, builds Fort Dearborn I, 407; sketch from plans, 156. Whistler, Maj. William, receives Red Bird’s surrender, 417. White, ——, killed in Chicago massacre, 157, 160. White Crow (Kauraykausaykah, Kauraykawsawkaw, Kawneeshaw, Le Borgne), Winnebago chief, 65, 273; delivers prisoners to whites, 361; sketch, 404. White Ox, a Winnebago murderer, 9. Whitney, Daniel, entertains Kinzies, 305; visits Kinzies, 303; sketch, 412. Wight, William W., on Eleazer Williams, 401. Wild Cat, Winnebago chief, 45, 383; opposes land cession, 358, 359. Wild cat (animal), in Northwest fur trade, 7. Wild doves, enormous flocks of, 415. Wild rice, grown by Northwest Indians, 8, 56; bibliography, 402. Will County, Ill., Ottawas in, 409. Williams, Rev. Eleazer, missionary to Oneidas, met by Mrs. Kinzie, 32; sketch, 401. Williams, M. C., Old Mission Church of Mackinac Island, 394. Williamsburg, L. I., John Kinzie at, xiii, xiv. Wing, ——, accompanies Kinzies, 306, 312. Winnebago (Puants) Indians, origin of name “Puants,” 52, 53, 403; vocabulary by Boilvin, 400; customs and dances, 278-286; scalp dance, 364; gather wild rice, 46; marriage customs, 372-375; indifferent to education, 88; effect of missions on, 265-268; fur trade of, 150; relations to English, 7; in Chicago massacre, 160; at Tippecanoe, 157; in Red Bird uprising, 197, 319, 417; in Black Hawk War, 272, 315-371, 387-392, 409, 416; capture Black Hawk, 404; surrender of suspects, 357-363; escape of prisoners, 366-368, 384; starving time near Fort Winnebago, 380-383; visit Eastern cities, 64, 75-78; payment of annuities to, 15, 272-286, 363, 366; beef and horses, 413; principal villages of, 72; on Baraboo River, 72-80; at Butte des Morts, 48; Fort Winnebago, 60-66, 72-80, 86-89, 264-303; Four Lakes, 102; on Lake Koshkonong, 253; at Prairie du Chien, 72; Turtle Creek band, 411; Street’s agency, 404; White Ox, a murderer, 9; related to Paquette, 403; portrait of types, 64. See also, Fort Winnebago, John H. Kinzie, Mrs. John H. Kinzie, and the several chiefs. Winnebago rapids, Mrs. Kinzie at, 333. Winnebago swamp, 121, 123. Winnemeg (Catfish), Pottawattomie chief, befriends whites, 162, 178. Winnosheek, Winnebago chief, 317. Wiota, Wis., founded, 406. Wisconsin, Hurons in, 396; first settled, 398; Sac and Fox cession (1804), 411 , 412; Wau-Bun as historical material for, xx. Wisconsin Heights, battle of, 416, 417. Wisconsin Historical Society, Secretary Draper names Madison lakes, 405; dedicates tablet to Allouez, 413; possesses Forsyth MSS., 419; Marsh MSS., 401; furnishes illustrations to this volume, 14, 354; Collections, xix, 373, 399, 411, 415. Wishtayyun (blacksmith), Menomonee guide, 22, 42, 307. Wolcott, Dr. Alexander, Indian agent, 197; household of, 233; death of, 83, 201. Wolcott, Mrs. Judge ——, 168. Wolf, in Northwest fur trade, 7. Wolf Point, 143-145; Mrs. Kinzie at, 138; Hunt and Wallace, 198. Wolf’s Creek, McKenzie on, xiv. Wolfe, Gen. ——, on Plains of Abraham, xiii. Wright’s Woods, at Chicago, 202. Wyandot Indians, relations to English, 6; John H. Kinzie among, xvii, 44, 45. Yellow Banks, Black Hawk at, 412. Yellow Thunder (Waukaunzeekah), Winnebago chief, 75; sketch, 404. Yellow Thunder, Mrs. (Washington Woman), 75-78, 383. Young Dandy. See Four-Legs. Ypsilanti, Mich., genesis of, 167.

PRINTED BY R. R. DONNELLEY AND SONS COMPANY AT THE LAKESIDE PRESS, CHICAGO, ILL.

Transcriber Notes

Illustrations were moved so that paragraphs were not split and the illustrations between page 140 and 141 were moved in front of page 140 (start of Chapter XVII). The hyphenation (or lack thereof) and some alternate spellings for native words and names (ex., Pottawattomie and Pottowattamie) were left as printed. Other minor typos were corrected.