Chapter XXI
Reading edition
MAGIC.
Notes in this chapter
Note 1 · Footnote 1093: (return) IT i. 56; D'Arbois, v. 387.Note 2 · Footnote 1094: (return) See, e.g., "The Death of Muirchertach," RC xxiii. 394.Note 3 · Footnote 1095: (return) HN xxx. 4, 13.Note 4 · Footnote 1096: (return) Zimmer, Gloss. Hibern. 183; Reeves, Adamnan, 260.Note 5 · Footnote 1097: (return) Kennedy, 175; cf. IT i. 220.Note 6 · Footnote 1098: (return) See RC xii. 52 f.; D'Arbois, v. 403-404; O'Curry, MS. Mat. 505; Kennedy, 75, 196, 258.Note 7 · Footnote 1099: (return) D'Arbois, v. 277.Note 8 · Footnote 1100: (return) Stokes, Three Middle Irish Homilies, 24; IT iii. 325.Note 9 · Footnote 1101: (return) RC xii. 83; Miss Hull, 215; D'Arbois, v. 424; O'Curry, MC ii. 215.Note 10 · Footnote 1102: (return) Keating, 341; O'Curry, MS. Mat. 271.Note 11 · Footnote 1103: (return) RC xii. 81.Note 12 · Footnote 1104: (return) Miss Hull, 240 f.Note 13 · Footnote 1105: (return) Maury, 14.Note 14 · Footnote 1106: (return) Sébillot, ii. 226 f., i. 101, ii. 225; Bérenger-Féraud, Superstitions et Survivances, iii. 169 f.; Stat. Account, viNote 15 · Footnote 1107: (return) Rev. des Trad. 1893, 613; Sébillot, ii. 224.Note 16 · Footnote 1108: (return) Bérenger-Féraud, iii. 218 f.; Sébillot, i. 100, 109; RC ii. 484; Frazer, Golden Bough2, i. 67.Note 17 · Footnote 1109: (return) D'Arbois, v. 387; IT i. 52; Dixon, Gairloch, 165; Carmichael, Carm. Gad. ii. 25.Note 18 · Footnote 1110: (return) RC xvi. 152; Miss Hull, 243.Note 19 · Footnote 1111: (return) D'Arbois, v. 133; IT ii. 373.Note 20 · Footnote 1112: (return) Mela, iii. 6; RC xv. 471.Note 21 · Footnote 1113: (return) Joyce, OCR 1 f.; Kennedy, 235.Note 22 · Footnote 1114: (return) Bird-women pursued by Cúchulainn; D'Arbois, v. 178; for other instances see O'Curry, MS. Mat. 426; Miss Hull, 82.Note 23 · Footnote 1115: (return) D'Arbois, v. 215.Note 24 · Footnote 1116: (return) Joyce, OCR 279.Note 25 · Footnote 1117: (return) Ibid. 86.Note 26 · Footnote 1118: (return) RC xxiii. 394; Jocelyn, Vita S. Kent. c. 1.Note 27 · Footnote 1119: (return) RC xv. 446.Note 28 · Footnote 1120: (return) O'Conor, Rer. Hib. Scrip. ii. 142; Stokes, Lives of Saints, xxviii.Note 29 · Footnote 1121: (return) RC xv. 444.Note 30 · Footnote 1122: (return) See p. 251, supra.Note 31 · Footnote 1123: (return) O'Curry, MS. Mat. 240.Note 32 · Footnote 1124: (return) See pp. 248, 304, supra; Cæsar, vi. 14.Note 33 · Footnote 1125: (return) Zimmer, Gloss. Hiber. 271. Other Irish incantations, appealing to the saints, are found in the Codex Regularum at KlNote 34 · Footnote 1126: (return) Leahy, i. 137; Kennedy, 301.Note 35 · Footnote 1127: (return) Sauvé, RC vi. 67 f.; Carmichael, Carm. Gadel., passim; CM xii. 38; Joyce, SH i. 629 f.; Camden, Britannia, iv. 488; Note 36 · Footnote 1128: (return) For examples see O'Curry, MS. Met. 248; D'Arbois, ii. 190; RC xii. 71, xxiv. 279; Stokes, TIG xxxvi. f.Note 37 · Footnote 1129: (return) Windisch, Táin, line 3467.Note 38 · Footnote 1130: (return) Diod. Sic. v. 31.Note 39 · Footnote 1131: (return) D'Arbois, i. 271.Note 40 · Footnote 1132: (return) RC xii. 109; Nutt-Meyer, i. 2; D'Arbois, v. 445.Note 41 · Footnote 1133: (return) Petrie, Ancient Music of Ireland, i. 73; The Gael, i. 235 (fairy lullaby of MacLeod of MacLeod).Note 42 · Footnote 1134: (return) O'Curry, MS. Mat. 255.Note 43 · Footnote 1135: (return) Archæologia, xxxix. 509; Proc. Soc. Ant. iii. 92; Gaidoz, Le Dieu Gaul. du Soleil, 60 f.Note 44 · Footnote 1136: (return) IT iii. 409; but see Rh[^y]s, HL 215.Note 45 · Footnote 1137: (return) Pliny, HN xxix. 3. 54.Note 46 · Footnote 1138: (return) Rev. Arch. i. 227, xxxiii. 283.Note 47 · Footnote 1139: (return) Hoare, Modern Wiltshire, 56; Camden, Britannia, 815; Hazlitt, 194; Campbell, Witchcraft, 84. In the Highlands spindlNote 48 · Footnote 1140: (return) Pliny, xxxii. 2. 24; Reinach, RC xx. 13 f.Note 49 · Footnote 1141: (return) Rev. Arch. i. 227; Greenwell, British Barrows, 165; Elton, 66; Renel, 95f., 194f.Note 50 · Footnote 1142: (return) Reinach, BF 286, 289, 362.Note 51 · Footnote 1143: (return) O'Curry, MS Mat. 387. See a paper by Hartland, "The Voice of the Stone of Destiny," Folk-lore Journal, xiv. 1903.Note 52 · Footnote 1144: (return) Petrie, Trans. Royal Irish Acad. xviii. pt. 2.Note 53 · Footnote 1145: (return) O'Curry, MS. Mat. 393 f.Note 54 · Footnote 1146: (return) Sébillot, i. 334 f.Note 55 · Footnote 1147: (return) Trollope, Brittany, ii. 229; Bérenger-Féraud, Superstitions et Survivances, i. 529 f.; Borlase, Dolmens of Ireland, Note 56 · Footnote 1148: (return) Rev. des Trad. 1894, 494; Bérenger-Féraud, i. 529, ii. 367; Elworthy, Evil Eye, 70.Note 57 · Footnote 1149: (return) Bérenger-Féraud, i. 523; Elworthy, 69, 106; Reinach, L'Anthropologie, iv. 33.Note 58 · Footnote 1150: (return) Kennedy, 324; Adamnan, Vita S. Col. ii. 35.Note 59 · Footnote 1151: (return) Life of S. Fechin of Fore, RC xii. 333; Life of S. Kieran, O'Grady, ii. 13; Amra Cholumbchille, RC xx. 41; Life of SNote 60 · Footnote 1152: (return) Adamnan, ii. 34. This pebble was long preserved, but mysteriously disappeared when the person who sought it was doomNote 61 · Footnote 1153: (return) Wodrow, Analecta, passim; Walker, Six Saints of the Covenant, ed. by Dr. Hay Fleming.Note 62 · The Celts, like all other races, were devoted to magical practices, many of which could be used by any one, though, on the whole, they were Note 63 · Each clan, tribe, or kingdom had its Druids, who, in time of war, assisted their hosts by magic art. This is reflected back upon the groups Note 64 · That power was exercised to a great extent over the elements, some of which Druids claimed to have created. Thus the Druid Cathbad covered tNote 65 · In folk-survivals the practice of rain-making is connected with sacred springs, and even now in rural France processions to shrines, usuallyNote 66 · Causing invisibility by means of a spell called feth fiada, which made a person unseen or hid him in a magic mist, was also used by the DruiNote 67 · By a "drink of oblivion" Druids and other persons could make one forget even the most dearly beloved. Thus Cúchulainn was made to forget FanNote 68 · Druids also made a "hedge," the airbe druad, round an army, perhaps circumambulating it and saying spells so that the attacking force might Note 69 · A primitive piece of sympathetic magic used still by savages is recorded in the Rennes Dindsenchas. In this story one man says spells over hNote 70 · Several of these instances have shown the use of spells, and the Druid was believed to possess powerful incantations to discomfit an enemy oNote 71 · The survival of the belief in spells among modern Celtic peoples is a convincing proof of their use in pagan times, and throws light upon thNote 72 · A magical sleep is often caused by music in the sagas, e.g. by the harp of Dagda, or by the branch carried by visitants from Elysium.1132 MaNote 73 · We now turn to the use of amulets among the Celts. Some of these were symbolic and intended to bring the wearer under the protection of the Note 74 · Pliny speaks also of the Celtic belief in the magical virtues of coral, either worn as an amulet or taken in powder as a medicine, while it Note 75 · A cult of stones was probably connected with the belief in the magical power of certain stones, like the Lia Fail, which shrieked aloud whenNote 76 · Connected with the cult of stones are magical observances at fixed rocks or boulders, regarded probably as the abode of a spirit. These obseNote 77 · Holed dolmens or naturally pierced blocks are used for the magical cure of sickness both in Brittany and Cornwall, the patient being passed Note 78 · Since Christian writers firmly believed in the magical powers of the Druids, aided however by the devil, they taught that Christian saints h