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The Pleistocene of North America

ILLUSTRATIONS

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Plates.

Map 1. Pleistocene cetaceans in eastern North America.

2. Pleistocene Pinnipedia in eastern North America.

3. Pleistocene Xenarthra in eastern North America.

4. Pleistocene Xenarthra in Florida.

5. Pleistocene mastodons in eastern North America.

6. Eastern New York, western Massachusetts, and Connecticut, showing relation of mastodon localities to areas of sea-level in Late Wisconsin.

6A. Pleistocene mastodons in New Jersey.

7. Pleistocene mastodons in Ohio.

8. Pleistocene mastodons in Michigan.

9. Pleistocene mastodons in Indiana.

10. Pleistocene mastodons in Florida.

11. Elephas primigenius in eastern North America.

12. Elephas columbi in eastern North America.

13. Elephas columbi in Florida.

14. Elephas imperator in southeastern United States.

15. Elephas imperator in Florida.

16. Elephas sp. indet. in eastern North America.

17. Pleistocene horses in eastern North America.

18. Pleistocene horses in Florida.

19. Pleistocene tapirs in eastern North America.

20. Pleistocene peccaries in eastern North America.

21. Pleistocene camels in eastern North America.

22. Pleistocene species of Odocoileus in eastern North America.

23. Cervus canadensis in Pleistocene of eastern North America.

24. Rangifer in Pleistocene of eastern North America.

25. Pleistocene musk-oxen in eastern North America.

26. Extinct bisons in Pleistocene of eastern North America.

27. Bison bison in Pleistocene of eastern North America.

28. Castoroides in eastern North America.

29. Castoroides in Ohio.

30. Castoroides in Indiana.

31. Areas in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont occupied by water at sea-level in Late Wisconsin stage.

32. Isobases of Late Glacial uplift.

33. J. W. Spencer’s view of preglacial drainage of the region of the Great Lakes.

34. Wisconsin glacier in New York, lakes Newberry and Maumee, and localities of mastodons.

35. Glacial map of Ohio.

36. Distribution of Pleistocene mammals in Ohio.

37. Glacial map of Indiana.

38. Glacial map of Illinois. Shows also localities of Pleistocene vertebrates.

39. Coastal plain of North Carolina, with localities of Pleistocene animals and plants.

40. Sketch map of Skidaway Island, near Savannah, Georgia.

41. Bigbone Lick and vicinity.

Text-figures.

Fig. 1. Geological section of Twin Creek, near Beecher, Will Co., Illinois 108

2. Section across gully at Whitehall, Wisconsin 242

3. Region about Toronto, Ontario 282

4. Eastern Ontario, showing limit of marine and fresh-water beaches 286

5. South shore-line of the Champlain sea 287

6. Preglacial drainage of the Upper Ohio 293

7. Geologic section of Fish House beds at Camden, New Jersey 302

8. Vicinity of Trenton, New Jersey, showing distribution of the Trenton gravels 305

9. Geologic sections at Trenton, New Jersey 305

10. Northern Pennsylvania, showing glaciated areas 309

11. Section of Port Kennedy bone cave at time of first exploration, 1871 318

12. Section of Port Kennedy bone cave at time of last exploration, 1896 318

13. Metatarsal of Ovis sp. indet., from Kendall Co., Illinois 338

14. Relation of the driftless area to the surrounding glaciated areas 342

15. Diagram showing the supposed terraces of the Maryland coastal plain 345

16. Section across Potomac River near Big Pool, Maryland, showing gravel-covered terraces 347

17. Generalized section across Allegheny Valley at Parkers Landing, W. Va. 349

18. Tooth of Hydrochoerus pinckneyi 365

19. Jaw and tooth of a wolf from Charleston, South Carolina 366

20. Coastal plain of Georgia 369

21. Geologic section from north to south through the phosphate deposits of Florida 377

22. Geological map of Mississippi embayment 388

23. County map of Tennessee, to show where Pleistocene fossils have been found 395

24. Vertical section of Bigbone Cave, Elroy, Van Buren Co., Tennessee 398

25. Section on bank of Tennessee River at Nashville 400

VII

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