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The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose

SECTION LXXII

Kisari Mohan Ganguli translation

"Virata said, 'Why, O best among the Pandavas, dost thou not wish to accept as wife this my daughter that I bestow upon thee?'

"Arjuna said, 'Residing in thy inner apartments, I had occasion always to behold thy daughter, and she too, alone or in company trusted me as her father. Well-versed in singing and dancing, I was liked and regarded by her, and, indeed, thy daughter always regardeth me as her protector. O king, I lived for one whole year with her though she had attained the age of puberty. Under these circumstances, thyself or other men may not without reason, entertain suspicions against her or me. Therefore, O king, myself who am pure, and have my senses under control, beg to thee, O monarch, thy daughter as my daughter-in-law. Thus do I attest her purity. There is no difference between a daughter-in-law and a daughter, as also between a son and son's own-self. By adopting this course, therefore, her purity will be proved. I am afraid of slanderous and false accusations. I accept, therefore, O king, thy daughter Uttara as my daughter-in-law. Surpassing all in knowledge of weapons, resembling a celestial youth in beauty, my son, the mighty-armed Abhimanyu is the favourite nephew of Vasudeva, the wielder of the discus. He, O king, is fit to be thy son-in-law and the husband of thy daughter.'

"Virata said, 'It behoveth the best of the Kurus, Dhananjaya, the son of Kunti, who is so virtuous and wise, to say this. O son of Pritha, do thou carry out what thou thinkest should be done after this. He that hath Arjuna for the father of his son-in-law, hath all his desires gratified.'"

Vaisampayana continued, "The monarch having said this, Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, gave his assent to what was thus agreed upon between the Matsya king and Arjuna. And, O Bharata, the son of Kunti sent invitations to Vasudeva and to all his friends and relatives, and Virata also did the same. And then, after the expiry of the thirteenth year, the five Pandavas took up their abode in one of Virata's towns called Upaplavya, and Vibhatsu, the son of Pandu, brought over Abhimanyu and Janardana, and also many people of the Dasarha race from the Anarta country. And the king of Kasi, and also Saivya, being very friendly to Yudhishthira, arrived there, each accompanied by an Akshauhini of troops. And the mighty Drupada, also with the heroic sons of Draupadi and the unvanquished Sikhandin, and that foremost of wielder of weapons, the invincible Dhrishtadyumna came there with another Akshauhini of troops. And all the kings that came were not only lords of Akshauhini, but performers of sacrifices with gifts in profusion to Brahmanas, conversant with the Vedas endued with heroism, and ready to die in battle. And beholding them arrived, that foremost of virtuous men, the king of the Matsyas, adored them duly, and entertained their troops and servants and carriers of burdens. And he was highly pleased to bestow his daughter upon Abhimanyu. And after the kings had come there from different parts of the country, there came Vasudeva decked in floral garlands, and Halayudha, and Kritavarman, the son of Hridika, and Yuyudhana, the son of Satyaki, and Anadhristi and Akrura, and Samva and Nisatha. And these repressers of foes came there bringing with them Abhimanyu and his mother. And Indrasena and others, having lived at Dwaraka for one whole year, came there, bringing with them the well adorned cars of the Pandavas. And there came also ten thousand elephants and ten thousand cars, and hundred millions of horses and hundred billions of foot-soldiers, and innumerable Vrishni and Andhaka and Bhoja warriors of great energy, in the train of that tiger among the Vrishnis, Vasudeva of great effulgence. And Krishna gave unto each of the illustrious sons of Pandu numerous female slaves, and gems and robes. And then the nuptial festival set in between the families of the Matsya king and the Pandavas. And then conchs and cymbals and horns and drums and other musical instruments appointed by the Pandavas, began to play in the palace of Virata. And deer of various kinds and clean animals by hundreds were slain. And wines of various kinds and intoxicating juices of trees were profusely collected. And mimes and bards and encomiasts, versed in singing and legendary lore, waited upon the kings, and chanted their praises and genealogies. And the matrons of the Matsyas of symmetrical bodies and limbs, and wearing ear-rings of pearls and gems, headed by Sudeshna, came to the place where the marriage knot was to be tied. And amongst those beautiful females of fair complexion and excellent ornaments, Krishna was the foremost in beauty and fame and splendour. And they all came there, leading forth the princess Uttara decked in every ornament and resembling the daughter of the great Indra himself. And then Dhananjaya, the son of Kunti, accepted Virata's daughter of faultless limbs on behalf of his son by Subhadra. And that great king, Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, who stood there like Indra, also accepted her as his daughter-in-law. And having accepted her, the son of Pritha, with Janardana before him, caused the nuptial ceremonies to be performed of the illustrious son of Subhadra. And Virata then gave him (as dowry) seven thousand steeds endued with the speed of the wind and two hundred elephants of the best kind and much wealth also. And having duly poured libations of clarified butter on the blazing fire, and paid homage unto the twice-born ones, Virata offered to the Pandavas his kingdom, army, treasury, and his own self. And after the marriage had taken place, Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma, gave away unto the Brahmanas all the wealth that had been brought by Krishna of unfading glory. And he also gave away thousands of kine, and diverse kinds of robes, and various excellent ornaments, and vehicles, and beds, delicious viands of various kinds, and cardinal drinks of diverse species. And the king also made gifts of land unto the Brahmanas with due rites, and also cattle by thousands. And he also gave away thousands of steeds and much gold and much wealth of other kinds, unto persons of all ages. And, O bull of the Bharata race, the city of the Matsya king, thronged with men cheerful and well-fed, shone brightly like a great festival."

The end of Virata Parva.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · Footnote 1 : (return) Brahma Vadini—Nilakantha explains this as Krishna-kirtanasila.Note 2 · Footnote 2 : (return) This speech of Vaisampayana is not included in some texts within the second section. To include it, however, in the thNote 3 · Footnote 3 : (return) The sloka commencing with Adushta and ending ratheshu cha does not occur in texts except those in Bengal.Note 4 · Footnote 4 : (return) A difference reading is observable here. The sense, however, is the same.Note 5 · Footnote 5 : (return) An independent female artisan working in another person's house.—Wilson.Note 6 · Footnote 6 : (return) Some of the Bengal text and Sarvatramaya for Sarvamantramaya. The former is evidently incorrect.Note 7 · Footnote 7 : (return) This is a very difficult sloka. Nilakantha adopts the reading Sanjayet. The Bengal editions read Sanjapet. If the lattNote 8 · Footnote 8 : (return) The Bengal editions read Rajna in the instrumental case. Following a manuscript text of a Pandit of my acquaintance I Note 9 · Footnote 9 : (return) Mahishasura, the son of Rambhasura. Durga had to fight for many years before she could slay this formidable Asura. TheNote 10 · Footnote 10 : (return) Literally, one that rescues from difficulty.Note 11 · Footnote 11 : (return) Kamachara is explained by Nilakantha thus, although in other places it bears a quite different meaning.Note 12 · Footnote 12 : (return) Krita—attack; Pratikrita—warding it off; Sankata—clenched. Some texts read Sankatakais. The meaning then would be 'caNote 13 · Footnote 13 : (return) Bhuti, Hri, Sri, Kirti and Kanti are respectively the feminine embodiments of Prosperity, Modesty, Beauty, Fame and LNote 14 · Footnote 14 : (return) What Draupadi means is that instead of passing her days in joy and happiness, instead of being able to wish time to bNote 15 · Footnote 15 : (return) Jayate asyas—i.e., she from whom one is born.Note 16 · Footnote 16 : (return) Some texts read, Vilwam nagaviodhara—i.e., 'As an elephant lifts up a vela fruit.'Note 17 · Footnote 17 : (return) Weri means both a kettle-drum and a trumpet. The latter however conveys a better meaning here.Note 18 · Footnote 18 : (return) Literature, force of his thighs.Note 19 · Footnote 19 : (return) What Bhima says is this.—The Gandharvas, your husbands, are always obedient to thee! If they have been able to do theNote 20 · Footnote 20 : (return) Krita-krita—Nilakantha explains this to mean 'imagining themselves to have achieved success in their mission' for havNote 21 · Footnote 21 : (return) This is a very difficult sloka. I am not sure that I have understood it alright. Both Nilakantha and Arjuna Misra areNote 22 · Footnote 22 : (return) Indicating the unobstructed completion of the sacrifice.Note 23 · Footnote 23 : (return) The word tirtha here means, as Nilakantha rightly explains spies and not holy spots.Note 24 · Footnote 24 : (return) Satram is explained by Nilakantha to mean here 'false disguise.' I think, however, such an interpretation to be far-fNote 25 · Footnote 25 : (return) This sloka is not correctly printed in any of the texts that I have seen. The reading that I adopt is that the secondNote 26 · Footnote 26 : (return) Bhagasas lit., each in its proper place. It may also mean, 'according to their respective division.'Note 27 · Footnote 27 : (return) Kalyana-patalam is explained by Nilakantha to mean suvarna pattachchaditam.Note 28 · Footnote 28 : (return) One of the generals of Virata.Note 29 · Footnote 29 : (return) Some differences of reading are noticeable here, for Yasaswinau some texts read Manaswinau, and for Vahusamravdhau-VaNote 30 · Footnote 30 : (return) Some texts read Ghanabiva for Ghanarva. The latter is unquestionably better in form.Note 31 · Footnote 31 : (return) The word in the original is Muhurta equal to 48 minutes. Nilakantha points out very ingeniously that the night being Note 32 · Footnote 32 : (return) Some Vikshyainam, Nilakantha explains Sama as a word spoken by Bhima for assuring the captive Virata, and Vikshya as Note 33 · Footnote 33 : (return) The adjective Bhima-sankasas as explained by Nilakantha is in this sense, quoting the celebrated simile of Valmiki.Note 34 · Footnote 34 : (return) To understand the comparison would require in the reader a knowledge of the mechanism of the Indian Vina. Briefly, thNote 35 · Footnote 35 : (return) Some read kaniasi for vaviasi. Both words are the same, and mean the same thing.Note 36 · Footnote 36 : (return) Vedi-Vilagnamadhya—Vedi in this connection means a wasp and not, as explained by Mallinatha in his commentary of the Note 37 · Footnote 37 : (return) Padma patrabha-nibha may also mean 'of the splendour of the gem called Marakata.' Nilakantha, however, shows that thiNote 38 · Footnote 38 : (return) The princess being of the complexion of burnished gold and Arjuna dark as a mass of clouds, the comparison is exceediNote 39 · Footnote 39 : (return) The words in the original is pranayam, lit., love. Nilakantha, however, explains it as meaning modesty, humility. I tNote 40 · Footnote 40 : (return) This sloka is not correctly printed in any of the texts that I have seen. The Burdwan Pandits read tat-samim. This I Note 41 · Footnote 41 : (return) Some texts read Diptasya for Diptayam.Note 42 · Footnote 42 : (return) This sloka does not occur in every text. This is a typical illustration of the round about way, frequently adopted byNote 43 · Footnote 43 : (return) Indian insects of a particular kind.Note 44 · Footnote 44 : (return) Most editions read chapas which is evidently wrong. The correct reading is avapas, meaning quiver. The Burdwan PanditNote 45 · Footnote 45 : (return) Some read chandrargha-darsanas. The correct reading is chandrardha-darsanas.Note 46 · Footnote 46 : (return) Most editions read hema-punkha and silasita in the instrumental plural; the correct reading is their nominative pluraNote 47 · Footnote 47 : (return) Sayaka means here, as explained by Nilakantha, a sword, and not a shaft.Note 48 · Footnote 48 : (return) From the colour of his steeds.Note 49 · Footnote 49 : (return) Nilakantha spends much learning and ingenuity in making out that sixty-five years in this connection means thirty-twoNote 50 · Footnote 50 : (return) Some texts read,—'One large meteor fell.'Note 51 · Footnote 51 : (return) In some editions read,—Bharata dwijam, and Maha-hardam for maha-drumam. The meaning would then be,—'The banners (of tNote 52 · Footnote 52 : (return) Some texts read Maharatham (incorrectly) for hiranmayan. Indeed, Maharatham would give no meaning in this connection.Note 53 · Footnote 53 : (return) The Roy Press edition adds here a line which looks very much like an interpolation.Note 54 · Footnote 54 : (return) The true reading is Acharya in the dual number, meaning Drona and Kripa. Some texts read the word in the singular forNote 55 · Footnote 55 : (return) The meaning is rather doubtful. Duryodhana seems to say that 'the hostile appearance of Arjuna has been an act of impNote 56 · Footnote 56 : (return) The sense seems to be that when moralists even are puzzled in judging of the propriety or otherwise of their acts, it
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