Chapter XXII · (continued 7)

T

Tabor, Mount, battle near, ii. 72. Tabor Bridge, Murat crosses the, ii. 368. Tacticus, N.'s references to, ii. 235. Tactics and strategy, the lessons of Austerlitz, ii. 391, 392. Tafalla, Moncey at, iii. 183. Tagliamento, River, military operations on the, i. 430-432. Tagus, River, the, British fleet in, iii. 121; French attempt to capture the fleet in, 121; Dupont holds, 156; the lines of Torres Vedras, 285; military operations on, 285. Taine, H. A., on the Napoleonic régime, iv. 294. Talavera, battle of, iii. 236, 284, 287. Talleyrand, Prince, minister of foreign affairs, ii. 17, 34, 35, 130, 153, 323; relations with and views on N., ii. 17, 23, 24, 30, 31, 33-35, 96, 97; iii. 81, 94-96, 133, 151, 168, 175, 179, 301; iv. 165, 233; attempts to force N.'s hand, ii. 23; relations with Mme. du Barry, 33; expelled from England, 33; Mirabeau's opinion of, 33; relations with the Directory, 34; career, 33-35; system of national education, 33, 225-227; charged with tampering with Bernadotte, 43; member of the Institute, 47; advocates seizure of Egypt, 47, 48; intrigue with N., Barras, and Sieyès for a new constitution, 49; ascribes the Egyptian expedition to N., 51; proposed mission to Constantinople, 66; dreads a new Terror, 94; critical moment in his house, before the 18th Brumaire, 103; influence on Barras, 107; Bourbon sympathies of, 122; N. proposes a constitution to, 126; offers peace to Portugal, 154; monarchical views of, 158; discusses possibility of N.'s death, 186; negotiations with Count St. Julien, 188; negotiations with Cobenzl, 189; demands bribes from American envoys, 212; the Pope's ban removed from, 216; carves up German principalities, 265; demands to know England's intentions concerning Malta, 273; Lord Whitworth's utterances to, 284; his explanation of the scene of March 13, 1803, 284; urges action against Bourbon plotters, 304; notifies Baden of the seizure of Duc d'Enghien, 308; charged with suppressing despatches, 306; Josephine's dread of, 308; blamed by N. for the murder of the Duc d'Enghien, 311; iii. 198; murder of the Duc d'Enghien sits lightly on, ii. 312; Grand Chamberlain, 324; attitude of Pius VII toward, 326; excommunication taken off from, 326; replies to Russia's demands, 330; diplomatic replies to Pius VII, 346; at Vienna, 382; created Prince of Benevento, 396; iii. 94, 279; negotiations with Lord Yarmouth, ii. 400, 401; bribed by German princes, 403; on the proposed North German Confederation, 420; at Tilsit, iii. 49, 53; warns N. against Queen Louisa's fascinations, 60; author of treaty of Tilsit, 60; Queen Louisa's sarcasm to, 61; showy character of his diplomacy, 65; responsibility for the treaty of Tilsit, 72; advocates support of the Emperor, 80; conversations with Mme. de Rémusat, 80; on the discords in the imperial court, 94; resigns from the ministry, 94, 96; salary, 96; his influence on the wane, 96; Vice-Grand Elector, 96; iv. 106; policy after Austerlitz, iii. 125; favors Ferdinand VII, 125; resumes active diplomacy, 133; negotiations with Izquierdo, 133; at Bayonne, 145; estimate of Ferdinand VII, 145; constituted custodian of Ferdinand VII, 148, 169; stinging rebuke addressed to N. by, 151; prepares to return to public life, 169; acts in the interests of Austria, 171, 178; at the Erfurt conference, 171, 178-181; ordered to ventilate the divorce question, 181; his treachery read by N., 197; blamed by N. for the Spanish failure, 197; member of extraordinary council on N.'s second marriage, 254; on the natural extensions of France, 282; meeting of N. and Mme. de Staël at house of, 298; pecuniary losses, 301; on the aims of the coalition of 1813, 400; spreads alarming reports, iv. 51; on the Spanish situation, 51, 52; royalist intrigues of, 51, 106, 107, 113; member of the Empress-regent's council, 106; Murat's and Lannes's characterizations of, 107; desires a violent death for the Emperor, 107; opposes the departure of the Empress from Paris, 107; N.'s knowledge of his duplicity, 107, 108; on the Empress's flight from Paris, 108; Dalberg's characterization of, 107, 108; simulated flight from Paris, 112; interview with Prince Orloff, 112; sends a "blank check" to Alexander, 113; at peace council in Paris, 114; gives adherence to Louis XVIII, 113; negotiates with Nesselrode, 113; member of the executive commission, 114; learns of Marmont's defection, 125; remonstrates with Alexander against the regency, 125; suspected complicity in plots to assassinate N., 138; negotiates secret treaty between France, England, and Austria, 145; influence at the Congress of Vienna, 144, 145; double intrigues of, 148, 149, 153; ignores Russian and English protests, 153; attainted, 157; N. appeals to, 165; at Carlsbad, 224; returns to Paris, 224; reception by Louis XVIII, 224; resumes active functions, 224; on the secret of empire, 250; his value in European politics, 251; correspondence with— French, ambassador at London, ii. 284; Grenville, Lord, 143; Napoleon, 34, 49, 361; iii. 18, 117; Nesselrode, Count, iv. 106; character: ambition, iii. 96; iv. 106; brilliancy, ii. 33; iii. 65; capacity for intrigue, ii. 49, 130; iv. 51, 106, 108, 112, 148, 153; diplomatic and political ability, ii. 33, 131, 346; iii. 65, 95, 133; duplicity, ii. 33-35, 130-132; iv. 107; gaming passion, ii. 33; greed 131; learning, 33; licentiousness, 33, 131; self-interest, iii. 193, 197, 253, 381; treachery, 193, 197; iv. 106; unscrupulousness, ii. 33, 35, 212; iv. 107, 138; venality, ii. 34, 131, 265, 390, 391, 403; iii. 81, 94, 125; iv. 251; versatility, ii. 33. Talleyrand, Mme., Pius VII refuses to receive, ii. 326. Tallien, J. L., opposes Robespierre, i. 251; social life in Paris, 290; influence for N., 296; favors appointment of N. as Convention general, 299; marriage, 315. Tallien, Mme., "the goddess of Thermidor," i. 290; N.'s social intercourse with, 291; matrimonial experiences, 315. Talma, F. J., i. 319; accompanies N. to Erfurt, iii. 174; N.'s intimacy with, iv. 250. Tanaro, N. at taking of, i. 255. Tanaro, River, the country of the, ii. 178. Taranto, embargo on, ii. 287; creation of hereditary duchy of, 396; Macdonald created Duke of, iii. 86. See also Macdonald. Tarentum, Soult's force at, ii. 204. Tarragona, captured by Suchet, iii. 377. Tarutino, Kutusoff takes position at, iii. 350. Tarvis, capture of, i. 433. Tatars, characteristics of the, iii. 9. Tatary, N. studies the history of, i. 95. Tauenzien, Gen., battle of Dennewitz, iv. 18; during the Waterloo campaign, 172. Tauroggen, Convention of, iii. 385, 395. Taxation, Necker's problems of, i. 98; exemption of privileged classes from, 98, 100, 105; conditions of, at outbreak of the Revolution, 101-106; the stamp tax, 106; the land-tax, 105, 106; outbreak against, at Auxonne, 111; demand for equality of, in Corsica, 116, 117; reform of the system of, ii. 134, 220. Tchitchagoff, Adm., joins Tormassoff, iii. 350; pursuit of the French army by, 358, 366, 383; hopes of capturing N., 367; description of N., 367; captures Borrissoff, 367, 368; driven out of Borrissoff, 368; at the crossing of the Beresina, 370; blamed by Kutusoff and Wittgenstein, 374, 375; bad generalship of, 375, 383. Tchernicheff, Gen., commanding Army of the North, iv. 2. Telnitz, fighting at, ii. 385, 386. "Templars, The," by Raynouard, ii. 350. Temple, the, the royal family imprisoned in the, i. 175. Tenda Pass, captured by the French, i. 243, 256; N.'s entertainment for Mme. Turreau at, 256. Teplitz, Louis's flight to, iii. 276; Bennigsen reaches, iv. 22. Terror, the, i. 250-252, 266, 272, 314, 333; iv. 262; fears of a revival of, ii. 92. Terrorists, the, growing influence of, ii. 93; assassination schemes among, 239. Testamentary rights, under the Code, ii. 224. Tettenborn, Gen., relieves Hamburg, iii. 402. Texel, the, Marmont ordered to Mainz from, ii. 362. Thann, battle of, iii. 210. Tharandt, Klenau's march to Dresden from, iv. 10. Themistocles, his refuge with the Persians, iv. 227; N. draws parallel between his case and that of, 227. Thermidorians, the, i. 252; prominent members of, 254; adopt Roman systems, 269, 270, 271; establish the Directory, 271; anger the people of Paris, 273. Thielemann, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, iv. 172; at Wavre, 194. Third Coalition, the, ii. 354 et seq.; Prussia induced to join, 376, 377; rout of the allies at Austerlitz, 388; destruction of its strength and morale, 388. Third Estate, the, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101; constitution of, 108; assumes to represent the nation, 108; forces a junction with the two upper Estates, 108; Sieyès's pamphlet on the, 107; N.'s care for, iv. 258, 261. Third Republic, the constitution of the, i. 267. Thirty Years' War, Richelieu's policy at close of the, ii. 264. Thomé, alleges attempt to stab N., ii. 116. Thonberg, N. at, iv. 32. Thorn, siege of, iii. 2; French occupation of, 12; military movements near, 13; N. in, 331; French military stores in, 333. Thought, influence on the social life of the world, ii. 46. Thouvenot, Gen., service in Spain, iii. 283. Three Emperors, Fight of the, ii. 391. Thugut, Count, greed for territorial aggrandizement, i. 325; determines on Italian conquest, 425, 426; opens negotiations at Leoben, 436; warns Gen. Clarke to keep away from Vienna, 452; ii. 42; not deceived by treaty of Campo Formio, 22; Paul I demands his dismissal, 142; repudiates St. Julien's negotiations, 188; overthrow of, 189. Thuin, military operations at, iv. 173. Thuméry, Marquis of, suspected of plotting against N., ii. 303. Thuringia, military movements in, ii. 427. Tiber, River, military operations on the, i. 421. Ticino, River, military operations on the, i. 358; ii. 173. Tierney, G., on England's attitude toward France, ii. 144. Tilly, Count, N.'s letter to, Aug. 7, 1794, i. 253. Tilsit, Bennigsen crosses the Niemen at, iii. 31; meeting of the Emperors at, 34-65, 93; treaty of, 34, 35, 54, 60, 63-66, 69, 72, 95, 97, 99, 104-110, 116-120, 132, 166-172, 177, 245, 248, 255, 265, 294, 304, 309, 313, 314, 328; neutralization of, 42; reasons leading to the peace of, 44 et seq.; Queen Louisa at, 44, 57-62; French representatives at, 49; fraternizing of Russia and France at, 49-53; decoration of the Russian grenadier at, 63; N.'s position at, 179; Macdonald reaches, 384. "Times," the (London), on the allies' capture of Paris, iv. 108. Tissot, Dr., N.'s letter to, i. 84. Tobacco, establishment of state monopoly in, iii. 304. Toledo, Dupont's forces near, iii. 156. Tolentino, treaty of, i. 350, 421; ii. 326. Toll, Gen., meets Alexander I after Austerlitz, ii. 388; proposes concentration of the allied forces, iv. 89; advises movement on Paris, 98. Tolosa, French forces at, iii. 183. Tolstoi, Gen., See Ostermann-Tolstoi. Torbay, the "Bellerophon" at, iv. 221, 226. Torcy, battle at, iv. 86; military operations at, 90. Torgau, Saxon troops withdrawn from, iii. 407; French occupation of, iv. 2; Ney driven into, 19; battle of, 267. Tormassoff, Gen., confronted by Schwarzenberg, iii. 342; joined by Tchitchagoff, 351. Torres Vedras, the lines of, iii. 285. Tortona, surrendered to France, i. 355; N. at, 453; scheme to relieve Masséna via, ii. 169; the key of Genoa, 172; topography of the country, 177, 178; the Consular Guard at, 178. Tortugas, the, death of Leclerc in, ii. 237. Touche, Méhée de la, contrives Moreau's ruin, ii. 296-298; English plots with, 330. Toulon, the recovery of, for the Convention, i. 148; military and naval preparations at, 187, 220, 221, 261; ii. 40, 47, 57, 332; return of the Sardinian expedition to, i. 198; anarchy in, 207, 213; the Buonapartes in, 212; the Buonapartes driven from, 216; siege of, 220, 233, 289; Marseilles refugees at, 221; Lord Hood's seizure at, 221; the "treason" of, 221-223; N. at, 223, 240, 255, 257, 289, 307; N.'s plans for capture of, 230; N. seeks mercy for rebels at, 233; the National Convention's vengeance on, 233, 234; massacres in, 234; British occupation of, 239; recapture of, 249; news of the Terror in, 251; English fleet driven from, 260; the Corsican expedition leaves, 262; N. at siege of, 289; forced military loans in, 345; departure of Egyptian expedition from, ii. 52-56; Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition at, 57; N. sails from Alexandria for, 82; failure of Villeneuve's expedition from, 333; N. orders the Spanish fleet to, iii. 71. Toulouse, Soult thrown back on, iv. 81; defeat of Soult at, 147. Tournon, the Chamberlain de, mission to Spain, iii. 128. Tours, the French garrison at, iv. 118. Trachenberg, military council at, iv. 6. Trade, condition at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101. Trafalgar, N.'s reception of the news of, ii. 334; battle of, 373-376; iii. 47; effect in France, ii. 394; N.'s reply to, ii. 441; the lesson of, 264. Trannes, military movements near, iv. 60, 89. Transpadane Republic, the, i. 367, 400, 402, 428; question of a constitution for the, ii. 10. Trasimenus, creation of the department of, iii. 262, 263. Traun, River, military movements on the, iii. 211. Treaties, the value of, iv. 263. For specific treaties see the names of parties signatory (countries or rulers) and of the places at which signed. Trebbia, River, French disasters on the, ii. 83, 92. Treilhard, M., member of the Directory, ii. 92. Trent, military operations near, i. 384, 409, 414; abandoned by Vaubois, 387; Brune advances to, ii. 192; apportioned to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, 266; ceded to Bavaria, 391. Treuenbrietzen, Prussian pursuit of Oudinot to, iv. 14. Treviso, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396; Mortier created Duke of, iii. 86 (see also Mortier); the Buonaparte family princes of, iv. 44. Trianon, N. retires to, after the divorce, iii, 257; the imperial court at, 301. Trianon Decree, the, iii. 279. Tribunate, the, ii. 126, 150-153; constitution of, 241; opposition to N. in, 242, 243; secret sessions of, 247; new method of electing to, 247; form of addressing the First Consul in, 293; Carnot remonstrates in, against adulation of N., 295; independence of, 320; initiates the imperial movement, 321; condition under the imperial constitution of 1804, 322; destruction of, iii. 82; compared with the English Parliament, 83; its functions, 83. Tricolor, Louis XVI, adopts the, i. 109; N.'s scheme to unfurl, in Corsica, 122; insult to, in Naples, 192. Triest, N. threatens to seize, i. 404; seized by N., 434; reoccupied by Austria, 435; rise of, 447; importations of English goods at, iii. 165; ceded to France, 239; England's loss of trade with, 272; basis of possible Oriental operations, 331; French occupation of, 423; N. offers the city to Austria, 424. Trinidad, retained by England, ii. 211, 262; ceded to England, 332. Triple Alliance, the, iv. 21, 76, 295. Triumphal Arch, Paris, erection of the, iii. 74. Tronchet, on committee to draft the Code, ii. 222. Troyes, recall of the Parliament to Paris from, i. 106; battle of, iv. 60; military movements near, 60, 68, 72-76, 86, 88-91, 95, 104, 105. Truchsess-Waldburg, Count, Prussian commissioner at Fontainebleau, iv. 134; N.'s attitude toward, 134; allegations concerning N.'s physical ailments, 139, 168. Tudela, French success at, iii. 156; scheme of operations at, 158; Spanish forces near, 184, 185. Tuileries, the, the mob at, i. 176; the carnage at, 178; Robespierre orders the destruction of, 251; storming of, Aug. 10, 1702, 273; defense of, 299-303; N. at, on the 18th Brumaire, ii. 105, 106; Lannes's guard at, 108; decoration of, 147; rechristened "the palace of the government," 147; N. takes possession of, 148; residence of the Buonapartes at, 195, 196; social functions at, 255, 256, 279, 327-328, 406; consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280; N.'s interview with Lord Whitworth at, Feb. 17, 1803, 280-282; scene between Whitworth and N., March 13, 1803, 281, 282; the imperial court at, 324, 326-328; refurnishing the, iii, 25; social vices at, 92; N. at, 110; the divorce scandal in, 180; the divorce decree pronounced in, 247; imperial family life at, 323, 381; depository of the Emperor's funds, 366, 389; iv. 50, 141; the officers of the National Guard summoned to, 53; flight of the Empress from, 109; changes in the court at, 148; N. reënters, 158; struggle between royalists and imperialists at, 158; loneliness of, 159. Turas, military operations near, ii. 385. Turenne, Marshal, military genius, i. 348; N. compared with, 348, 349; N.'s analysis of the wars of, iv. 232, 266. Turin, military operations around, i. 353, 354; N.'s influence in, 448; Gen. Clarke's mission to, 452; N. in, ii. 27; revolutionary movements in, 39; Bonapartist agency in, 89; Charles Emmanuel IV invited to return to, 141; Melas hastens to, 170, 174; topography of country near, 178; sends deputation to Paris, iii. 380. Turkey, N. studies the history of, i. 95; seeks to organize its armies, 292; France seeks alliance with, 293; N.'s plans for service in, 292, 296-298; Austria's gaze on, 325; N.'s eye on, 424; France's influence on, 424; disaffection in, ii. 17; schemes for the dismemberment of, 16, 18, 33, 42, 44, 382, 405; iii. 37, 51, 55, 99, 105-114, 165, 169, 176, 245, 311, 313, 316; France's justification of Egyptian schemes to, ii. 47; N. seeks alliance with, 48; refuses alliance with France, 67; negotiations and alliances with Russia, 67, 72; iii. 51, 56, 99, 105, 322; 350; alliance with Russia and Austria, 56; military activity, 1799, 74; joins the second coalition, ii. 90, 93; checked by Franco-Russian treaty of peace (1800), 154; defeat of, at Heliopolis, 181; Egypt restored to, 211; treaty between France and (1801), 211; integrity of her boundaries, 262; suzerainty over Ionia and Egypt, 262; N. on her policy, 347; source of discord between France and Russia, 417; Oubril undertakes to guarantee her integrity, 417; N. resolves to assert supremacy over, ii. 441; military operations on the Dniester, 441; N.'s scheme of protectorate over, 441; hostilities with Russia, iii. 1, 163, 236, 248, 310; declares war against England, 20; N. arranges a treaty between Persia and, 20, 21; Austria espouses the cause of, 22; overthrow of Selim III, 33, 51, 106, 163; revolt of the Janizaries, 33; alliance with France, 33; end of Sebastiani's influence in, 33; Russian acquisitions in, 64; French influence in, 99; N. intervenes between Russia and, 100; terms of the agreement at Slobozia, 105; Russia's ambition to acquire territory of, 108; usurpation of Mustapha, iv, 162; threatened anarchy in, 163; reform in, 163; threatened loss of French prestige in, 163; accession of Mahmud II, 163; Alexander's uncertain position in regard to, 166; N. fears her alliance with Russia or England, 177; England's trade under the flag of, 280; Russian designs against, 309; Austria seeks territorial aggrandizement at expense of, 316; pivotal in European politics, 318; N. endeavors to form alliance with, 322; in grand coalition against N. (1813), 392; European support of, iv. 295; N.'s influence on modern, 300. Turreau, Gen., at Mont Cenis Pass, ii. 170; crosses Mont Cenis, 172. Turreau, Mme., N.'s ghastly entertainment for, i. 256. Tuscany, the Buonaparte family in, i. 27-29; favors the French Revolution, 262; peace between France and, 262; withdraws from the coalition (1795), 324; military operations against, 357-421; French proposition to revolutionize, 373; treaty with France, Jan. 11, 1797, 410; plunder of, ii. 16; involved in Italian quarrels, 87; France acquires temporary possession of, 87; N.'s bad faith with, 144; Austrian occupation of, 160, 170, 182; reinforcements for Melas from, 170; creation of kingdom of, 205; British ships driven from harbors of, 287; the situation in, iii. 118; ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, 264; Elisa created Grand Duchess of, 279. See also Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa. Tuscany, the Grand Duke of, i. 345; flees to Vienna, ii, 87; loses his territory, 193; territories acquired by, 266. Tutschkoff, Gen., in battle of Eylau, iii. 15. Twelfth Light Dragoons, at the battle of Waterloo, iv. 211. Two-Cent Revolt, the, i. 79. Two Sicilies, the, i. 421. Tyrol, the, the road to Vienna through, i. 342; military operations in, 371-373, 383-387, 392, 414, 431, 433-436; ii. 367, 380; iii. 201, 212, 213, 234; N.'s unsuccessful attempt to conciliate its people, i. 385; loyalty to Austria, 409; the insurrection in, 436; Kray's retreat to, cut off, ii. 166; Iller commanding in the, 188; Soult cuts off the Austrian retreat to, 366; Ney sweeps the Austrians from, 380; N. threatens to seize, 389; ceded by Austria to Bavaria, 391; insurrection ripe in, iii. 195; Archduke John to excite revolt in, 199; rising against Bavarian rule, 201; repression of priestly tyranny in, 201; revolution against bondage in, 201; characteristics of its people, 201; Maximilian's reforms in, 201; guerrilla warfare in, 210, 234; abandoned by Archduke John, 211; its people abused by N., 213; French evacuation of, 225; rising in, 234; French invasion of, 241; effects of the armistice of Znaim, 241; reduced to submission, 241; amnesty offered by Prince Eugène, 241; opened to the allies, iv. 56.

U

Ucciani, N.'s escape to, i. 203. Udine, congress at, ii. 20. Ulm, Austrian retreat to, ii. 168; Austrian troops in sight of, 363; the French at, 363-365; the capitulation at, 366, 367; concentration of troops in, iii. 203. "Undaunted," the, N. sails for Elba on, iv. 140. United Irishmen, misunderstanding between the Directory and the, ii. 67. United States, the, constitutional government in, i. 152; the French idea of the system of government in, 269; Talleyrand's residence in, ii. 33; Talleyrand's views on, 33, 34; mission concerning protection of commerce, 34; treaty of commerce with England, 1794, 212; arrogance of the Directory toward, 211, 212; imbroglio with France, 212; suspension of diplomatic relations with France, 212; commercial convention with France, 212; neutrality declaration, 1793, 212; Jerome Buonaparte's residence in, 257; events leading to the war of 1812, 288, 289; iii. 274; purchases Louisiana, ii. 289, 332; iv. 300; N.'s relations with, and influence on, ii. 289; iii. 101, 275; iv. 300; Carnot's comparison of France with, ii. 321; Moreau's banishment to, 299; commercial rivalry with England, iii. 46; British claim of right of search, 47, 48; effect of British "orders in council" upon, 47; ocean commerce, 48; authorizes reprisals, 48; French attacks on commerce of, seizures of vessels, etc., 49, 273, 274, 296, 321, 322; rising naval power, 49; liberty of testamentary disposition in, 85; English provisions concerning the carrying trade of, 100-102; permitted to trade direct with Sweden, 100, 101; N. attempts to force them into the French system, 101, 102; decline of trade with England, 102; Jefferson's administration, 101, 102; agricultural policy of the Democrats, 101, 102; the embargo, 102, 274, 275; the war of 1812, 102, 322; policy of the Federalists, 102; the Non-intervention Act, 102; indispensability of cotton in Europe, 266; "neutralized" commerce of, 267; proposal that Louis XVIII acquire a kingdom in, 271; alleged seizure of French vessels by, 274; the Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, 274; prohibition of commercial intercourse with England and France, 274; seizure of ships by England, 275; Lucien attempts to escape to, 277; chafing under restrictions of commerce, 318; crippled commerce of, 321; declares war against England, 378; naval successes of, 378; Moreau summoned from, 407; iv. 2; N. plans escape to, 219, 220; Hamilton's treasury system, 259; the independence of, 261; the war for independence, 297; wars with England, 300, 301; popular interest in N. in, 300, 301; expansion of constitutional law, 301; growth of, 301; N.'s influence in, 301; the slavery question in, 301. See also America. University of Berlin, iii. 103. University of France, ii. 228; iii. 89. Ural Mountains, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209. Urbino, annexed to Italy, iii. 68, 118. Uscha, River, military operations on the, iii. 340. Ussher, Capt., conveys N. to Elba in the "Undaunted," iv. 140, 141. Usury, the curse and its cure in France, ii. 219; iii. 76, 77. Utizy, military movements near, iii. 344.

V

Valais, declared an independent commonwealth, ii. 233; Chateaubriand French representative in, 260; scheme to incorporate it with France, iii. 266; separated from Switzerland, 278; independence of, 278; annexed to the French empire, 278. Valeggio, N.'s narrow escape at, i. 393. Valençay, the Spanish captives at, iii. 148, 168, 261. Valence, N. joins his regiment at, i. 67; N.'s life at, and visits to, i. 66-82, 125, 134, 141, 145, 149, 150, 154-158, 184, 223; the garrison at, and people of, 143; obsequies of Mirabeau at, 153, 154; friends of the Constitution in, 155; reception of N. and Elisa at, 184; occupied by Carteaux, 215; death of Pius VI at, ii. 39; burial of Pius VI at, 216; meeting of N. and Augereau near, iv. 138. Valencia, massacre of the French at, iii. 154; Moncey advances on, 156; French defeat before, 159; captured by Suchet, 289; temporary French government at, 377. Valenciennes, evacuation of, i. 222. Valenza, military operations near, i. 358. Valetta, French plot to seize, ii. 18; the sword of, given to Paul I, 154. Valjouan, Victor drives the Austrians from, iv. 71. Valladolid, captured by the French, iii. 132; French success near, 156; French communications at, 157; N. at, Jan. 6, 1809, 189. Valmaseda, Blake driven back to, iii. 184. Valmy, defeat of the allies at, i. 194. Valtellina, the, quarrel between the Grisons and, ii. 11; incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, 40. Vandamme, Gen., in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386-388; dread of N., iii. 93; in battle of Eckmühl, 209; at Linz, 216, 225; relieved by Lefebvre, 225; strength of his corps, March, 1812, 324; commanding division in Eugène's army, 393; junction of Danish troops with, 407; captures Hamburg, 407; goes to Davout's assistance, 413; in battle of Dresden, iv. 8-10; at Pirna, 8-10; pursues the allies, 10; battle of Kulm, 15; captured at Kulm, 15; character, 15; in the Waterloo campaign, 169-173; advances toward Fleurus, 180; battle of Ligny, 181. Vandeleur, Gen., in battle of Waterloo, iv. 210. Vanne, River, iv. 105. Var, River, military operations on the, ii. 160, 165, 170, 171, 174. Vatican, relations of Paoli with the, i. 16. Vauban, disgrace of, i. 332; eulogized by Carnot, 333. Vaubois, Gen., service in the Alps, i. 347; defeated by Davidowich, 387, 388, 392; service in Egypt, ii. 53. Vauchamps, battle of, iv. 64. Vaud, revolutionary outbreak in, ii. 27, 40; French intervention in, 40; Alexander forbids the restoration of, iv. 68. Vaux, submission of Carlo Buonaparte to, i. 31. Venaissin, the, annexed to France, i. 422. Vendée, la, civil war, massacres, and royalist plots in, i. 207, 213, 222, 234, 249, 276, 305, 325, 449; ii. 91, 143, 146, 240, 241; iv. 102, 166, 218; reinforcements for the Army of Italy from, i. 387; N. conciliates, ii. 146; revulsion of feeling against the Bourbons in, iv. 146; N. seeks to rouse imperial feeling in, 220. Vendémiaire, the 13th of, 301-305; ii. 22. Vendetta, the, i. 10-15. Vendôme, Column of, erection of the, iii. 74; placard on the, iv. 158. Venetia, neutrality violated by Beaulieu, i. 361; jealousy between Venice and other towns of, 427; coveted by Austria, 428; the revolutionary movement in, 436; the mainland ceded to Austria, 438; the oligarchy of, 444; French military operations in, ii. 13; France's acquisitions in, 21; incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, 21; plunder of, 38; surrender to Austria, 38; N. threatens to seize, 389; incorporated with Italy, 395, 405; admitted to the Concordat, iii. 118. See also Venice. Venetian Alps, road to Vienna through the, i. 342. Venetian Republic, political status in 1796, i. 345. Venice, N. studies the history of, i. 95; Austria's ambitions in, 325, 424; ii. 357, 363; military operations against (1796), i. 357; Beaulieu violates neutrality of, 371-373; treaty with Austria, 371; decadence and downfall of, 371, 451; at N.'s mercy, 373; resents violations of territory, 401; N.'s violation of neutrality of, 427; the humiliation of, 427-429; the Golden Book of, 428, 429, 436; pillage in, 427, 445; ii. 16; Kilmaine's military watch on, i. 431; revolution in, 435, 445-447; concludes negotiations with N., 436-438; acquires Bologna, Ferrara, and the Romagna, 438; N. forbidden to interfere with, 441; loss of independence, 441-446; fires on French ship, 443; N. "an Attila to," 443; N. declares war against, 443; the oligarchy of, 444; attempts to bribe N., 445; treaty between France and (1797), 446; the new republic of, 446; loses independence, 446, 447; French occupation of, 445-447; letter from N. to the provisional government, 447; N.'s characterization of the Venetians, 447; N. offers the republic to Austria, 446; N. reproached for the overthrow of, ii. 5; Lallemant's propaganda in, 10, 11; Junot's demands on the senate, 11; dismemberment of, 16; the Directory's ambition for the conquest of, 16; ceded to Austria, 21; the last doge of, 24; destruction of the "Bucentaur" at, 24; destruction of naval stores at, 24; seeks to continue war with Austria, 24; dragged into war by N., 144; election of Pius VII at, 206; N. threatens to seize, 361; surrendered to France, 391; Pius VII refuses to extend the Concordat to, iii. 68; ceded to France, 109; appropriations for the harbor, 109; N. at, Nov., 1808, 128; interview between Joseph and N. at, 129-132; basis of possible Oriental operations, 332. See also Venetia; Venetian Republic. Ventimiglia, seized by Masséna, i. 243. Vercelli, Melas proposes to attack N. via, ii. 174. Verdier, success at Logroño, iii. 156; occupies Aragon, 155. Verdun, abandoned by the enemy, i. 186; imperial troops at, iv. 102. Verhuel, Dutch commissioner to Paris, ii. 397. Verona, N. at, i. 399; French occupation of, 372; military operations near, 379, 380, 388-392, 410-414; insurrection in, 436, 442, 443; disarmament of, 442. Veronese Vespers, the, i. 436, 442. Versailles, meetings of the Estates at, i. 96, 107; luxury in, 151; the Parisian mob at, 151; prison massacres in, 188; Macdonald's guard at, ii. 108; N. retires to, after his divorce, iii. 257; Souham delivers his army prisoners at, iv. 126, 127. Vicenza, military operations before, i. 387; creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396. Victor, Gen. C. P., attacks Provera at La Favorita, i. 415; watches Rome, 431; reinforces Lannes at Casteggio, ii. 176; commanding corps at Marengo, 176-182; service in the Army of England, 291; battle of Heilsberg, iii. 29; battle of Friedland, 30-32; created Duke of Belluno, 86; yearly income, 87; character, 93; N.'s opinion of, 93; at Amurrio, 183; defeated by Wellesley at Talavera, 236; strength of his corps, March, 1812, 324; ordered to advance east from the Niemen, 347; in retreat from Moscow, 359 et seq.; effects junction with Saint-Cyr, 361; checks Wittgenstein, 361; abandons Vitebsk, 361; driven back, 366; at the crossing of the Beresina, 366-372; ordered to hold back Wittgenstein, 369; defeated by Wittgenstein at Borrissoff, 369; division commander under Eugène, 393; in campaign of 1813, 402; relieves Glogau, 413; battle of Dresden, iv. 8-10; guarding roads from Bohemia, 18; battle of Leipsic, 28, 31, 32; assigned to defense of the Rhine, 54; ordered to Nogent, 62; junction with Macdonald at Montereau, 64; abandons Nogent, 64; driven back to Nangis, 65; drives the Austrians from Valjouan, 71; fails to capture Montereau, 71-73; moral exhaustion of, 71-73; degraded, but restored to favor, 72; commanding portion of the Young Guard, 72; battle of Craonne, 78. Victor Amadeus, king of Sardinia, i. 244, 352; guards Lombardy, 342; checkmated by N., 355; death of, 336; relationship to Louis XVIII, 355, 356. "Victory," the, at Trafalgar, ii. 373, 374. Vienna, plans for French advance on, i. 385; Austria opposes N.'s advance to, 426; combined movements on, 430 et seq.; the peace party in, 437; rejoicing in, at treaty of Leoben, 439; Gen. Clarke's mission to, 451; rejoicings in, over treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 22; Gen. Clarke forbidden to enter, 42; dread of revolutionary sentiment in, 42; attack on the French embassy (1798), 43; flight of Ferdinand III to, 87; N.'s plans to subdue, 163; N. sends peace commissioner to, 186; court intrigues at, 189; Moreau advances toward, 192; Stuart British envoy to, 302; N. threatens, 361, 378; French treachery at, 369; the French enter, 367-369, 378; Talleyrand at, 382; Pozzo di Borgo's mission at, ii. 445; Andréossy's mission at, 443; French influence in, iii. 22; decree of, May 17, 1809, 118; belligerent tone at, 165, 178, 193, 195; effect of N.'s and Alexander's remonstrances at, 167, 168; Metternich goes to, 193; defensive measures for, 203; N.'s march on, after Eckmühl, 212; capitulation of, 212; N.'s characterization of its inhabitants, 213; Charles's plan to free, 216; proposed French retreat toward, 222; N.'s army around, 226; consternation at rumored Franco-Russian marriage, 251; French soldiers nursed in, 254; marriage of Maria Louisa at, 254-257; pro-Russian party in, 313, 314; characterization of N. in, 415; England's diplomacy in, 417; Francis fears a French invasion of, iv. 3; Congress of, 144, 145, 162, 164; news of N.'s escape in, 162. Vienna Coalition, the, iv. 164, 251. Vigo, Villeneuve at, ii. 359. Villach, N. enters Germany at, i, 434; Eugène and Macdonald at, iii. 217. Villanova, military operations at, i. 389. Villefranche, expedition against Corsica from, i. 189. Villeneuve, N. at, iv. 105. Villeneuve, Adm., in the battle of the Nile, ii. 63; commanding at Toulon, 332; proposed naval expedition for, 333; escapes from Toulon, and returns, 333; ordered to the West Indies, 334; character, 333, 358, 371-375; returns to European waters, 358; his combined fleet at Ferrol and Corunna, 359; at Vigo, 359; disheartened, 359; dissatisfied with his fleet, 359, 371, 372; encounter with Calder, 359, 371; ordered to relieve Rochefort and Brest, 359; retreats to Cadiz, 359, 370, 371; fails to appear in the Channel, 362; chased by Nelson to the West Indies and back, 370; retreat to Ferrol, 371; orders for Mediterranean cruise, 372; remonstrates against his orders, 372; N. prepares to supersede, 372; tries to evade disgrace, 372; battle of Trafalgar, 373-375; interview with N., 375; his suicide, 375. Villetard, French republican agent in Venice, i. 445. Vilna, N. in, iii. 331-335; Barclay de Tolly's army confronting, 335; the French retreat through, 370, 372; N.'s incognito journey through, 375; Kutusoff enters, 383; Alexander goes to, 383. Vimeiro, defeat of Junot at, iii. 157-159. Vincennes, the trial and execution of the Duc d'Enghien at, ii. 305, 306, 308-310; iii. 196. Vincent, Gen., Austrian representative at Erfurt, iii. 178, 193. Visconti, "Greek Iconography," iv. 219. Vistula, River, the, N.'s conquests west of, ii. 437; plan of campaign on, 441; bridging of, iii. 2, 3; French positions on, 7; attempt to drive the French across, 28; proposed boundary line on, 36; military operations on, 117, 393, 396; Alexander promises assistance to Prussia on, iii. 320; the French army reaches, 330; French advance to the Niemen from, 337; Murat's position on, untenable, 385; Schwarzenberg retreats across, 385; threatened expulsion of the French from, 416; French garrisons on, iv. 35; N. entertains hopes of returning to, 63, 66, 69. Vitebsk, its strategical position, iii. 338; N. at, 338; military movements near, 339, 364; French garrison in, 341; the French abandon, 361. Vitoria, Dupont ordered to, iii. 128; Ferdinand VII at, 143; French forces at, 183; battle of, 420. Vitrolles, royalist intrigues of, iv. 98, 106, 108; captured with Weissenberg at St. Dizier, 104. Vitry, military movements near, iv. 58, 91, 93, 94; Prussian occupation of, 95; French troops at, 102. Vives, Gen., besieges Barcelona, iii. 184. Vivian, Gen., in battle of Waterloo, iv. 210. Volga, River, the, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209; Cossacks of, iii. 9. Volhynia, Austrian troops in, iii. 331, 338; Bagration's position in, 335. Völkermarkt, Archduke John at, iii. 317. Volney, Constantin F. C., espouses the Corsican cause, i. 120, 121; N.'s friendship with, 163; ii. 97, 335; member of the senate, 151. Voltaire, on the character of Paoli, i. 18; N.'s study of, 78; ii. 256; iv. 231; his "Essay on Manners," i. 150; on the Hohenzollern territories, ii. 442; performance of his "Œdipe" at Erfurt, iii. 172. Voltri, military operations at, i. 353. Vorarlberg, Kray's retreat via, cut off, ii. 166; ceded to Bavaria, 391. Vosges Mountains, the, proposed boundary for Germany, iii. 320; the allies turn the line of, iv. 57, 58; supposed retreat of Schwarzenberg to, 86; reported rising in, 88; N. urges guerrilla risings in, 90. Voss, Countess, attendant on Queen Louisa, iii. 60.

W

Wachau, battle of, iv. 27-30. Wagram, Charles's advance toward, iii. 218; battle of, 225-232; iv. 173; French demoralization after, iii. 231; doubtful honors of, 231, 232; N.'s position after, 232; position of Francis after, 232; Berthier created Prince of, 256. See also Berthier. Walcheren, the English expedition to, iii. 237, 253, 270, 272, 284. Walewska, Countess, N.'s amours with, iii. 11; visits N. at Elba, iv. 142. Walhain, Gérard at, iv. 192; Grouchy at, 192, 213. Wallachia, dismissal of the Turkish viceroy of, ii. 440, 441; alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55; Russian evacuation of, 64; Russian ambition to possess, 98, 115, 116, 176, 310; Russian occupation of, 99, 105; Alexander demands possession of, 105; N. offers to offset Moldavia and, against Silesia, 106, 108, 113; proposed evacuation of Prussia for that of, 108; Alexander's fear of losing, 248; Russia threatened with the loss of, 314. Wallenstein, scene of his overthrow by Gustavus Adolphus, iii. 404. War, N.'s aphorisms, theories, and plans of, i. 346-349; ii. 268; iii. 202; barbarity in, ii. 70; thirst for, in France, 93; the art of, 180. Warens, Mme. de, memoirs of, i. 76. Warfare, progress in methods of, i. 394, 395; in Napoleonic times, ii. 178-180. Warsaw (city), Louis XVIII living in, ii. 239; Polish national movement in, ii. 444; the Russians driven from, iii. 1, 2; French occupation of, 6-11; frivolity in, 10; N.'s amours in, 11; N. offers to evacuate, 167; proposition that Russia occupy, 177, 178; Archduke Ferdinand to march against, 199; captured by Archduke Ferdinand, 201; Polish troops at, 203; reoccupied by Poniatowski, 212; offered to Prussia, 225; attitude of the Poles in, 313; Jesuit influence in, 31; proposition to make it capital of a Saxon province, 328; N. in, 331; the Diet begs the restoration of Poland, 331; Schwarzenberg evacuates, 385; Russian occupation of, 385; proposed new capital for Prussia, 409. Warsaw, Grand Duchy of, creation of, iii. 56, 64, 73; acquires Prussian territory, 62; new constitution for, 67; N. seeks to add Silesia to, 106, 108, 113; Alexander's jealousy of, 108; N. promises to evacuate, 113; fortification of, 117, 165; acquires New Galicia, 239; territorial acquisitions, 244, 310; pro-Russian party in, 311; Alexander proposes to accept the crown of, 311; military operations in, 322; open to invasion, 329; N.'s incognito journey through, 375; interview between N. and De Pradt at, 375, 382; Russian invasion of, 385; N. refuses to give up, 392; reft from Saxony, 394; in Russian possession, 399; threatened dismemberment of, 409, 423; proposed extinction of, 415; N.'s scheme in, 298. Washington, George, comparison of Paoli with, i. 18; death of, ii. 147; admiration of France for, 147; statue at the Tuileries, 147; festival in honor of, 147, 148; compared with N., 148; declares the neutrality of the United States (1793), 212. Waterloo, the advantage of position at, ii. 179; the Prussian pursuit after, iii. 210; N.'s attempt at suicide after, iv. 131; N.'s reminiscences of, 175; Wellington indicates the battle-ground, 178; the controversial literature of, 186; the battle-field, 189 et seq.; character of the French troops at, 196; Wellington's headquarters at, 195; the plans of battle, 197; the battle, 199 et seq.; application of the name to the battle, 212; review of the battle, 212 et seq.; political spoils, 214; moral effect on the Emperor, 216; the news in Paris, 216; N.'s monograph on, 232; N.'s delay at, 267; epic character of, 288; effect on the world, 289. Waterloo Campaign, parallel between campaign in Piedmont and, iv. 170. Wavre, military operations at, iv. 182, 184, 187, 191-195, 214. Wealth, N. on, i. 137. Weapons of war in 1796, i. 349. Wehlau, military movements near, iii. 30. Weimar, dissension in the Prussian camp at, ii. 429; fighting at, 431; meetings of N. with Goethe and Wieland at, iii. 72, 73, 176. Weimar, Grand Duchess of, entertains N., iii. 174. Weirother, Col., at Austerlitz, ii. 381. Weissenberg, Gen., captured near St. Dizier, iv. 104. Weissenburg, battle of, i. 273; the French position at, ii. 365. Weissenfels, taken by Bertrand, iv. 35. Weissensee, narrow escape of Frederick William III at, ii. 436. Wellenburg, acquired by Würtemberg, ii. 391. Wellesley, Sir Arthur, takes command of operations in Portugal, iii. 122; enters Portugal, 157; defeats Junot at Vimeiro, 157; recalled to England and vindicated, 186; expels the French from Portugal, 236; prepares for invasion of Spain, 236; battle of Talavera, 236; withdraws before Soult, 237; created Duke of Wellington, 265; See also Wellington, Duke of. Wellesley, Lord, succeeds Canning as prime minister, iii. 272; Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 284; reinforces the army in Portugal, 284; succeeded by Castlereagh, 378. Wellington, Duke of (see also Wellesley, Sir Arthur), effect of Moore's spirit on, iii. 189; holds Portugal, 283; reinforced by Lord Hill, 283; battle of Talavera, 284, 287; battle of Busaco, 284; retreat down the Mondego, 284; constructs the lines of Torres Vedras, 285, 286; battle of Ocaña, 287, 288; difficult position at Lisbon, 288; character, 288, 289; summons famine to his aid, 289; advances into Spain, 289; battles of Albuera and Fuentes de Onoro, 289; retreats to Portugal, 289; recaptures Almeida, 289; attacked by Lord Liverpool, 288; on Masséna's stand, 289; battle of Salamanca, 290; storming of Badajoz, 290, 319; captures Ciudad Rodrigo, 290, 319; advances on the Duero, 290; period of inactivity, 290; returns to Portugal, 290; resumes the offensive, 290; between two fires, 290; demoralization of his army, 291; moves against Madrid, 290; defeats Marmont at Salamanca, 377; withdraws to the Portuguese frontier, 377; hampered by English political situation, 377, 378; reverses in the Peninsula, 392; battle of Vitoria, 420; threatens France, 420; successes in Spain, 420, 423; Spain rises to support, iv. 40; on the war in Spain, 52; signs conditions with N., 52; succeeds Castlereagh at Congress of Vienna, 145, 169; proposes to deport N. to St. Helena, 145; recalled by Lord Liverpool, 149; desires to take the field, 169; military genius, 169; plan of campaign of the Hundred Days, 169; dissatisfaction with his troops, 169; N.'s position with regard to Blücher and, 171; influence over troops, 172; relative strength in Waterloo campaign, 172; awaits developments, 172; reminiscences of Waterloo, 173, 178; relations with Blücher, 176; interview between the Duke of Richmond and, at the ball, 178; indicates the battle-ground at Waterloo, 178; concentration of his troops, 178, 179; criticizes Blücher's tactics, 181; meeting with Blücher at Bry, 180; battle of Quatre Bras, 181-188; conversation with Col. Bowles, 184; retreat to Mont St. Jean, 185, 189; N. determines to attack, 185; apprehended junction of Blücher and, 187, 190; his choice of position, 189 et seq., 193, 196, 213; proposes to fall back to Brussels, 190; strength at Waterloo, 190; Blücher promises support, 190; Grouchy aims to prevent union between Blücher and, 192; his resolution to give battle in front of Soignes, 192; his center at Mont St. Jean, 195; Gneisenau's doubt of his standing at Waterloo, 194; lack of confidence in the Dutch-Belgian troops, 195; headquarters at Waterloo, 195; lines of retreat, 195, 214; the plan of Waterloo, 197; battle of Waterloo, 199 et seq.; repeated calls for Blücher, 204; stories of his anxiety, 207; his conduct of the Waterloo campaign, 213; faint-hearted coöperation with Blücher, 213; restores Louis XVIII, 220; danger of N.'s surrender to, 323; share in the reconstruction of France, 225; alleged attempt to assassinate, 234. Wels, Russian troops at, ii. 367. Wereja, capture of the French garrison of, iii. 350. Werneck, Gen., capture of his division at Nördlingen, ii. 367. Werther, N. compared to, i. 81. Wesel, ceded to France, ii. 390; French garrison at, 404, 416, 424; demand for its restoration to Prussia, 422. Weser, River, French occupation of the coast near, iii. 266; territory on, offered to Sweden, 399. Western Empire, accomplishment of N.'s dream of, iii. 73; an end to the dreams of, 422. West Indies, the, scheme for populating, ii. 236; English blockade of the French fleet in, 257; Jerome Buonaparte in, 257; England watches French policy concerning, 267; France looks to her power in, 280; N.'s ambitions in, 289; French squadrons ordered to, 333; Nelson enticed to, 358; N.'s ambitions in, iii. 308. Westphalia, military movements in, ii. 425; organization of the kingdom of, iii. 56, 62; Jerome king of, 73, 279; war indemnity exacted from, 78; levy of troops in, 132, 322-324; sequestration of Frederick William's estates in, 162; insurrection in, 225; Schill's failure in, 233; scheme to incorporate part with France, 266; French occupation of, 307; French influence in, 423; flight of Jerome to France, iv. 40. West Prussia, Lestocq's retreat through, ii. 435. Whitbread, Samuel, on the French Revolution, ii. 144. "White Terror," the, i. 277; iv. 222. Whitworth, Lord, character, ii. 267; ambassador to Paris, 266, 276; evades declaration of England's Maltese policy, 273; summoned to the Tuileries, Feb. 17, 1803, 280-282; at consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280-282; his attitude, 284, 285; on N.'s reception of April 4, 284; reports on France's naval preparations, 284; publication of his despatches in England, 284; N.'s declarations to, on subject of invading England, 290; a diplomatic method of, iii. 418. Wiazma, battle of, iii. 350. Wieland, C. M., interview with N. at Wiemar, iii. 174; decorated at Erfurt, 176; estimate of N.'s influence, 322. Wilberforce, William, deprecates war with France, ii. 285. Willach (Carinthia), ceded to France, iii. 239. Willenberg, military movements near, iii. 13. William, Prince (of Prussia), mission to Paris, iii. 178; in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205. "William the Conqueror," by Duval, ii. 350. Willot, Gen., proposes to destroy the Directory, ii. 78; suspected of plotting against N., 303. Wilson, Sir Robert, endeavors to reorganize the Russian army, iii. 351. Wintzengerode, captures Soissons, iv. 77; defeated near St. Dizier, 95. Wischau, junction of Austrian and Russian troops at, ii. 379. Wittau, military operations near, iii. 227. Wittenberg, captured by Davout, ii. 436; French forces at, iii. 393; French occupation of, iv. 2; military movements near, 14. Wittgenstein, Gen., in the Russian campaign, iii. 341; menaces the French left, 350; resumes offensive against Saint-Cyr, 359; checked by Victor and Saint-Cyr, 361; pursuit of the French army, 366, 383; Victor ordered to hold back, 368; at the passage of the Beresina, 370; defeats Victor at Borrissoff, 370; bad generalship of, 374, 383, 384; losses in the Russian campaign, 383; fails to cut off Macdonald's retreat, 384; commanding the allied army, 403; the battle of Lützen, 405; loses his command, 411; commanding Army of the East, iv. 3; battle of Leipsic, 29; driven from Nangis, 72. Wkra, River, bridging of the, iii. 2. Wolkousky, Prince P. M., in military council with Alexander I, iv. 98. Women, N.'s attitude toward, and ideas concerning, i. 138, 143, 256, 311, 317, 448; ii. 197, 198, 255; iii. 326, 327; education of, ii. 225, 226; demands of German social custom on, iii. 259, 260. Wrede, Gen., in campaign of Eckmühl, iii. 206; movements before Ratisbon, 209; defeated by Hiller at Erding, 212; battle of Wagram, 229; reaches Vilna, 373; commanding Bavarian troops, iv. 35. Wright, Capt., lands the Cadoudal conspirators in France, ii. 297, 298; Savary suspected of complicity in death of, 412. Wurmser, Gen., N.'s operations against, i. 350; sent to reinforce Beaulieu, 357; military genius, 378; marches to relief of Mantua, 378 et seq.; operations on Lake Garda, 381-383; attempts to succor Mantua, 383, 384; operations on the Brenta, 384; advance-guard captured at Primolano, 384; defeated at Bassano, 384; demoralization of his army, 384; makes ineffectual sally from Mantua, 392; besieged in Mantua, his defense and surrender, 406-418; N.'s generosity to, 417, 418. Würtemberg, makes peace with France (1796), i. 385, 450; grants to the Grand Duke of, ii. 265; relations with Russia, 266; French march through, 363; friendly relations with and subservience to France, 377, 402; iii. 279; created an independent kingdom, ii. 391, 398; acquires territory after Austerlitz, 391; member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 402, 403; supplies contingents to N.'s armies, ii. 404; iii. 3, 322, 324, 394; Maria Louisa's progress through, iii. 256; allotment of Austrian lands to, 266; turns from N. to the allies, iv. 40; position in Germany, 298. Würtemberg, Princess Catherine of, marries Jerome Napoleon, iii. 93, 94. Würzburg, seized by Jourdan, i. 385; reported French occupation of, ii. 420; N.'s base, 424; French forces at, iii. 393.

Y

"Yamacks," the, iii. 162. Yarmouth, Lord, negotiates for peace, ii. 400, 401, 404. Yelin, author of "Germany in her Deepest Humiliation," ii. 417. Yermoloff, Gen., pursuit of the French army by, iii. 383. Yonne, River, military operations on the, iv. 116, 157. York, Duke of, besieges Dunkirk, i. 222; defeated by Brune at Bergen, ii. 93, 323; capitulates at Alkmaar, 93. York, Gen., in correspondence with Alexander I, iii. 384; concludes convention of Tauroggen, 385, 392, 395; nominally degraded, 385; desertion of the French cause, 393; his action approved by the Estates of eastern Prussia, 397; battle of Bautzen, 410; battle of Leipsic, iv. 30; reinforces Blücher at Montmirail, 63; held by Mortier, 74; routs Marmont at Athies, 79; quits Blücher's army, but returns, 80. "Young Guard," the, iii. 222; battle of Lützen, 405; battle of Dresden, iv. 9; ordered to Bautzen, 18; at Dresden, 21; under command of Ney, 72; Victor commanding portion of, 72; "melts like snow," 78; N. reviews, 117; battle of Waterloo, 205.

Z

Zaborowski, N. seeks service with, i. 217. Zach, Gen., in battle of Marengo, ii. 180. Zacharias, Pope, on kingly power, ii. 325. Zamosc, held by the French, iii. 402. Zampaglini, Corsican patriot brigand, i. 139. Zante, France's jealous care of, ii. 32. Zealand, French occupation of, iii. 270; N.'s offer to exchange it for Hanseatic towns, 270. Zembin, the Emperor's retreat through, iii. 370. Ziethen, Gen. J. J., in Waterloo campaign, iv. 172; at Charleroi, 173; at Fleurus, 173, 174; battle of Waterloo, 204, 205. Zittau, French advance from Dresden to, iv. 6; Blücher's road to, blocked by Lauriston, 8. Znaim, military operations near, ii. 367; Kutusoff's retreat to, 379; Charles withdraws toward, iii. 230; fighting at, 230; French repulse at, 235; the armistice of, 241, 251. Zorndorf, battle of, iv. 267. Zürich, the plundering of, ii. 40; battles of, 93, 141; Army of the Reserve ordered to, 164, 169; Masséna's victory at, 323.