Chapter XXII · (continued 2)

Blanc, L. Histoire de la Révolution française. Paris, 1847-62. 12 v. 8^o. Nouvelle éd. ornée de 600 gravures. Paris, 1881. 2 v. 4^o.

Bogdanowitsch, M. Geschichte d. Krieges 1814 in Frankreich u. d. Sturzes Napoleons I, nach d. zuverlässigsten Quellen. Aus d. Russ. von G. Baumgarten. Leipzig, 1866. 8^o.

Boissonnade, J. F. Critique littéraire sous le premier Empire. Publ. par F. Colincamp. Paris, 1863. 2 v. 8^o.

Bosse, R. H. B. von. Übersicht d. französischen Staatswirthschaft. Braunschw., 1806. 2 Thle.

Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de. Les dernières années du Duc d'Enghien. (1801-1804.) Paris, 1886. 12^o.

Brunetière, F. Études critiques sur l'histoire de la littérature française. Paris, 1880-93. 5 v. 12^o.

Buchez, P. B. J., et Roux-Lavergne, P. C. Histoire parlementaire de la Révolution française; ou, Journal des assemblées nationales depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1815. Paris, 1833-1838. 40 v. 8^o.

Chuquet, A. L'Alsace en 1814. 8^o. Paris, 1900. Plon.

Corréard, F. La France sous le consulat. 8^o. Paris, 1899. May. Coll. Bibliothèque d'histoire militaire.

Cobbett, W. Facts and observations relative to the peace with Bonaparte. Philadelphia, 1802. 8^o.

Debidour, A. Études critiques sur la Révolution, l'Empire et la période contemporaine. 12^o. Paris, 1886. Charpentier.

Debidour. Histoire des rapports de l'église et de l'état en France (1789-1870). Paris, 1898. Alcan.

Dejob. L'Instruction publique en France et en Italie au XIX^e siècle. 12^o. Paris, 1894. Colin.

Delplace, L. La Belgique sous la domination française. 2 v. Louvain, 1896.

Des Granges, C. M. Geoffroy et la critique dramatique sous le Consulat et l'Empire (1800-14). (Thèse.) Paris, 1897. Hachette.

Desmarets, C. Témoignages historiques, ou quinze ans de haute police sous Napoléon. Paris, 1833. 8^o.

Dontenville, J. Le Général Moreau, 1763-1813. Paris, 1899.

Duruy, A. L'Instruction publique et la Révolution. Paris, 1882. 8^o.

Duvergier de Hauranne, P. Histoire de gouvernement parlementaire en France, 1814-1848; précédée d'une intr. Paris, 1857-65. 7 v. 8^o.

Faber, T. Notices sur l'intérieur de la France, écrites en 1806. St.-Pétersbourg, 1807. 8^o. (La paix de Tilsit arrêta la publication d'un second vol. qui devait paraître. Le premier vol. n'a pas été répandu dans le public que par une réimpression faite à Londres, dans le recueil intitulé: "Offrandes à Bonaparte par trois étrangers." 1810.)

Fauchille, P. Du blocus maritime. Paris, 1882. 8^o.

Fauchille, P. La question juive en France sous le premier Empire, d'après des documents inéd. Paris, 1884. 8^o.

Fauriel, C. Les derniers jours du Consulat, manuscrit inéd. Publ. et annot. par L. Lalanne. Paris, 1885.

Fescourt. Histoire de la double-conspiration de 1800 contre le gouvernement consulaire et de la déportation qui eut lieu dans la deuxième année du Consulat; contenant des détails authentiques et curieux sur la machine infernale et les déportés. Paris. 1818. 8^o.

Fiévée, J. Correspondance polit, et administrative, commencée au mois de mai, 1814. 3 v. Paris, 1815-28. 12^o.

Forneron, H. Hist. générale des émigrés pendant la Révolution française. 4 éd. rev. et corr. Paris, 1884. 2 v. 8^o.

Fortescue. The manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq. Preserved at Dropmore. London, 1894.

Goncourt, E. et J. de. Histoire de la société française pendant le Directoire. Nouv. éd. Paris, 1892. 12^o.

Gourgaud, G. Campagne de 1815, ou relation des opérations militaires qui out eu lieu en France et en Belgique pendant les Cent Jours. Paris, 1818. 8^o.

Grouchy, Gén. Fragments historiques relatifs à la campagne de 1815 et à la bataille de Waterloo. Paris, 1829. 8^o.

Hamel, E. Hist. des deux conspirations du Gén. Malet. Nouv. éd. rev., corr. et augm. d'une nouvelle préface. Paris, 1873. 8^o.

Hahn, L. D. Unterrichtswesen in Frankreich mit einer Geschichte der Pariser Universität. Breslau, 1848. 8^o.

Hélie, F. A. Les constitutions de la France. Ouvrage contenant, outre les constitutions, les principales lois relatives au culte, à la magistrature, aux élections, à la liberté de la presse, de réunion et d'association, à l'organisation des départements et des communes, avec un commentaire. Paris, 1875-79. 4 facs.

Houssaye, H. 1815, la première Restauration, le retour de l'île d'Elbe, les Cent Jours. 15 éd., rev. Paris, 1894. 12^o.

Hüffer, H. Quellen zur Geschichte des Zeitalters der französischen Révolution. Leipzig, 1900. Teubner.

Julien, B. Histoire de la poésie française à l'époque impériale. Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8^o.

Jullien, M. A. Entretien politique sur la situation actuelle de la France et sur les plans du nouveau gouvernement. Paris, an VIII (1800). 8^o.

Labaume, E. Histoire de la chute de l'empire de Napoléon, ornée de huit plans ou cartes pour servir au récit des principales batailles livrées en 1815-16. Paris, 1820. 2 v. 8^o.

Lacombe, P. Essai d'une bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs à l'histoire religieuse de Paris pendant la révolution (1789-1802). Paris, 1884. 8^o.

Lacretelle, C. J. D. de. Dix années d'épreuves pendant la Révolution. Paris, 1842. 8^o.

Lafon, J. B. H. Hist. de la conjuration du Gén. Malet, avec des détails officiels sur cette affaire. 2 éd., rev., corr. et augm. des pièces offic. des procès; recueillies à la com. militaire, etc. Paris, 1814.

Lamartine, A. M. L. de. Histoire de la Restauration. Paris, 1851-52. 8v. 8^o.

Lamartine, A. M. L. de. History of the restoration of monarchy in France. New York, 1851-53. 8^o.

Lamothe-Langon, Baron E. L. de. Les après-dîners de S. A. S. Cambacérès, second consul, ou révélations de plusieurs grands personages sur l'ancien régime, le Directoire, l'Empire et la Restauration, recueillies et publiées par le b^on E. L. de Lamothe-Langon. Paris, 1837. 4 v. 8^o.

Lanzac de Laborie, de. La domination française en Belgique, 1795-1814. Paris, 1895. 2 v. 8^o.

Lavallée, J. Histoire de l'origine, du progrès et de la décadence des diverses factions qui ont agité la France depuis le 14 juillet, 1789, jusqu'à l'abdication de Napoléon. London, 1816. 3 v. 8^o.

Lavisse, E., et Rambaud, A., Histoire générale du IV^e siècle jusqu'à nos jours, ouvrage publié sous la direction de. Paris, 1893-97. 8 v. 8^o.

Lubis, F. P. Histoire de la Restauration (1814-1830). 2^e éd. Paris, 1848. 6 v. 8^o.

Lubis, F. P. Résumé de l'histoire des Cent Jours. Paris, 1843. 12^o.

Mahan, A. T. Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812. London, 1893. 2 v. 8^o.

Martel, Comte A. de. Historiens fantaisistes (M. Thiers). Paris, 1883. 2 v. 18^o.

Merlet, G. Tableau de la littérature française (1800-1815). Paris, 1877-84. 3v. 8^o.

Meyer, Fr. J. L. Briefe aus d. Haupstadt u. dem innern Frankreichs unt. d. Consular-regierung. Stuttgart, 1802. 2 Thle. 8^o.

Montglave, G. de. Les souvenirs d'un grognard de la vieille. Paris, 1842. 8^o.

Mortimer-Ternaux. Histoire de la Terreur (1792-1794). Paris, 1862-1881. 8 v. 8^o.

Nicolas, Ch. Les Budgets de la France depuis le commencement du XIX^e siècle. Tableaux budgétaires. Paris, 1882. 4^o.

Nougarède de Fayet, A. Recherches hist. sur le procès et la condamnation du Duc d'Enghien. Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8^o.

Pajol, C^te. Pajol, général en chef, par le gén. de division C^te Pajol, son fils aîné. Paris, 1874. 3 v. 8^o.

Panckoucke, P. La République considérée dans ses divers gouvernements, ou la France comme elle est après ce qu'elle a été. Essai d'observations impartiales et instructives sur les événements et les hommes pendant la Révolution. Paris, an IV (1801). 8^o.

Passy, L. Frochot, préfet de la Seine. Hist. administrative, 1789-1815. Paris, 1867. 8^o.

Peuchet, J. Essai d'une statistique générale de la France. Paris. 1802. 4^o.

Pfuel, E. v. D. Rückzug der Franzosen aus Russland. Hrsg. von F. Förster. Berlin, 1867. 8^o.

Picaud, A. Carnot, l'organisateur de la victoire, 1753-1823. Nouv. éd. Paris, no date. 8^o.

Pisani, Abbé P. La Dalmatie de 1797 à 1815. Épisode des conquêtes napoléoniennes. Paris, 1893. Gr. 8^o.

Pradt, D. D. de. Récit historique sur la restauration de la royauté en France le 31 mars, 1814. Par l'auteur du "Congrès de Vienne," etc. 2^e éd. Paris, 1822. 8^o.

Procès instruit par la cour de justice criminelle contre Georges, Pichegru, Moreau et autres prévenus de conspiration contre la personne du Premier Consul. Paris, 1804. 8 v. 8^o.

Rapetti, P. N. La défection de Marmont en 1814, ouvrage suivi d'un précis des jugements de Napoléon I^er sur le maréchal Marmont, d'une notice bibliog., avec extraits de tous les ouvrages publ. sur le même sujet, etc. Paris, 1858. 8^o.

Regnault-Warin, J. B. J. I. P. Introduction à l'histoire de l'empire français; ou, Essai sur la monarchie de Napoléon. Paris, 1820. 2 v. 8^o.

Rochechouart, Général Comte de. Souvenirs sur la Révolution, l'Empire et la Restauration. Mémoires inédits publiés par son fils. Paris, 1889. 8^o.

Rocquain, F. État de la France au 18 brumaire d'après les rapports des conseillers d'état chargés d'une enquête sur la situation de la république, avec pièces inédites, de la fin du directoire, publiées pour la première fois et précédées d'une préface et d'une introduction. Paris, 1874. 12^o.

Rodriguez, J. A. Relation historique de ce qui s'est passé à Paris à la mémorable époque de la déchéance de Napoléon Buonaparte, écrite en espagnol et traduite en français par l'auteur. Paris, 1814. 8^o.

Sainte-Beuve, C. A. Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire sous l'Empire. Nouv. éd., cor. Paris, 1889. 2 v. 12^o.

Schaeffner, W. Geschichte d. Rechtsverfassung Frankreichs. 2 Ausg. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1859. 4 v. 8^o.

Schlarendorf, G. v. Napoleon u. das französische Volk unter seinem Consulate. Hrsg. von J. F. Reichardt. Germanien., 1804. 8^o.

Schlarendorf, G. v. Bonaparte and the French people under his consulate. 5 American ed. New York, 1804. 8^o.

Schmidt, A. Paris pendant la Révolution, d'après les rapports de la police secrète, 1789-1800. Trad. franç. accompagnée d'une préface par P. Viollet. Paris, 1880-90. 3 v. 8^o.

Schmidt, A. Parizer Zustände während d. Revolutionszeit von 1789-1800. Jena, 1874-76. 3 v. in 1. 8^o.

Schmidt, A. Tableaux de la Révolution française. Publ. sur les papiers inédits du département de la police secrète de Paris. Leipzig, 1867-70. 3 v. 8^o.

Schoelcher, V. Vie de Toussaint Louverture. Paris, 1889. 12^o.

Schoell, F. Recueil de pièces officielles sur les événements qui se sont passés depuis quelques années. Paris, 1814. 4 v. 8^o.

Sorel, A. L'Europe et la Révolution française. Paris, 1893-95. 4v. 8^o.

Stourm, R. Les finances de l'ancien régime et de la Révolution, origines du système financier actuel. Paris, 1885. 2 v. 8^o.

Sybel, H. von. Geschichte d. revolutionszeit von 1789-1800. Neue Ausg. Stuttgart, 1882. 5 v. 8^o.

Taine, H. Les origines de la France contemporaine. Paris, 1890-93. 5 v. 8^o.

Talleyrand-Périgord, C. M. Correspondance inédite du prince de Talleyrand et du roi Louis XVIII pendant le congrès de Vienne, publiée sur les manuscrits conservés au dépôt des affaires étrangères, avec préface, éclaircissements et notes par G. Pallain. Paris, 1881. 8^o.

Thibaudeau, A. C. Le Consulat et l'Empire; ou, Histoire de France et de Napoléon Bonaparte de 1789 à 1815. Paris, 1834-35. 10 v. 8^o.

Thiers, A. Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire (1799-1815). Paris, 1845-62. 20 v. 8^o. Atlas fol.

Thiers, A. History of the Consulate and the Empire of France under Napoleon. Tr. by D. F. Campbell. London, 1845-62. 20 v. Also Atlas fol. 1859.

Toulongeon, F. E. Histoire de France depuis la Révolution de 1789. Paris, 1801-06. 4 v. 4^o.

Vaulabelle, A. T. de. Histoire de deux restaurations jusqu'à l'avènement de Louis-Philippe de jan., 1815, à oct., 1830. Nouv. éd. Paris, 1874. 11 v. 8^o.

Véron, L. D. Mémoires d'un bourgeois de Paris, comprenant la fin de l'Empire, la Restauration, la Monarchie de juillet, la République jusqu'au rétablissement de l'Empire. Paris, 1856-57. 5 v. 16^o.

Villemain, A. F. Souvenirs contemporains d'histoire et de littérature. Paris, 1855-56. 2 parts. 8^o.

Vührer, A. Histoire de la dette publique en France. Paris, 1886. 8 v.

Walsh, R. Letter on the genius and dispositions of the French government. Philadelphia, 1810. 8^o.

Welschinger, H. La censure sous le premier Empire. Paris, 1882. 1 v. 8^o.

Williams, H. M. Narrative of the events which have taken place in France, with an account of the present state of society and public opinion. 2 ed. London, 1816. 8^o.

THE CODE

Colmet de Santerre. Le divorce de l'empereur et le code Napoléon. 8^o. Paris, 1894.

Des Gilleuls, A. De l'esprit du droit public sous le Consulat et l'Empire. 8^o. Paris, 1896. Picard.

Jac, E. Bonaparte et le code civil. De l'influence personnelle exercée par le premier consul sur notre législation civile. 8^o. Paris, 1898. Rousseau.

Locré de Roissy, J. G., Baron de. Procès-verbaux du conseil d'état, cont. la discussion du projet de code civil. Années IX-XII. Paris, an XII (1803-04). 5 v. 4^o.

Pérouse, H. Napoléon I et les lois civiles du Consulat et de l'Empire. Paris, 1866. 8^o.

Rehberg, A. W. Ueber den Code Napoleon u. dessen Einführung in Deutschland. Hannover, 1814. 8^o.

Roloff, G. Die Kolonialpolitik Napoleons I. Karte. München, 1899. Oldenbourg, Coll. Historische Bibliothek.

Sévin, F. Étude sur les origines révolutionnaires des codes Napoléon. Nouv. éd. Paris, 1879. 8^o.

Thézard, L. De l'influence des travaux de Pothier et du chancelier d'Aguesseau sur le droit civil moderne. Paris, 1866. 8^o.

GREAT BRITAIN

Adolphus, J. History of England from the accession to the decease of King George III. London, 1840-45. 7 v. 8^o.

Alison, Sir A. Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the 2d and 3d marquesses of Londonderry; with annals of contemporary events. Edinburgh, 1861. 3 v. 8^o.

Auckland. Journal and correspondence of William, Lord Auckland. London, 1861. 4 v. 8^o.

Bisset, R. The History of the Reign of George III to the termination of the late war. London, 1803. 6 v. 8^o.

Brougham. Historical sketches of statesmen who flourished in the time of George III. Paris, 1839.

Browning, O. England and Napoleon in 1803, being the despatches of Lord Whitworth and others, now first printed. London, 1887. 8^o.

Buckingham. Memoirs of the court and cabinets of George III, by the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. London, 1853-55. 4 v. 8^o.

Burghersh, Lord. (John Fane, Earl of Westmoreland.) Memoir of the operations of the allied armies under Prince Schwarzenberg and Marshal Blücher, 1813-14. London, 1822. 8^o.

Castlereagh, Lord. Correspondence, despatches and other papers. Ed. by C. W. Vane. London, 1851-53. 8 v. 8^o.

Charlemont, James, First Earl of. Manuscripts and correspondence. London, 1894. 2 v. 8^o.

Cockburn, Henry. Memorials of his time. New ed. Edinburgh, 1874. 16^o.

Cornwallis. Correspondence, ed. by Charles Ross. London, 1859. 3 v. 8^o.

Cottin, P. Toulon et les Anglais en 1793, d'après des documents inédits. Avec 3 planches et 4 dessins. 8^o. Paris, 1898. Ollendorf.

Cottin, P. L'Angleterre devant ses alliés (1793-1814): Toulon (1793), Anvers et Nimègue (1794), Quiberon (1795), Guadeloupe (1795), Égypte (1798-1800), Naples (1799), Cadix et Cabrera (1808-14). 8^o. Paris, 1893. Aux bureaux de la Revue rétrospective.

Elliot, Sir G., Earl of Minto. Life and Letters, 1751-1806. Ed. by the Countess of Minto. London, 1874. 3 v. 8^o.

Fox, C. J. Memorials and correspondence, Ed. by Lord J. Russell. London, 1853-57. 4 v. 8^o.

Fox, Henry R., Lord Holland. Foreign reminiscences. Ed. by his son. New York, 1851. 12^o.

Henry, W. Events of a military life. London, 1843. 2 v. 8^o.

Jackson, Sir G. Diaries and letters from the peace of Amiens to the battle of Talavera. Ed. by Lady Jackson. Paris, 1872. 2 v. 8^o.

Jackson, Sir G. The Bath Archives. A further selection from [his] diaries and letters from 1809-16. Ed. by Lady Jackson. London, 1873. 2 v. 8^o.

James, W. Naval history of Great Britain. London, 1860. 6 v.

Laughton, J. K. Life of Nelson. London, 1894. 2d ed. 1900.

Laughton, J. K. The Nelson Memorial. Nelson and his companions in arms. London, 1896. 8^o.

Liverpool, Earl of (R. B. Jenkinson). Memoirs. London, 1827.

Mahan, A. T. Life of Nelson. London, 1897. 2 v. 8^o.

Malmesbury, Lord. Diaries and Correspondence. London, 1844. 4 v. 8^o.

Massey. A History of England during the reign of George III. London, 1855-63. 4 v. 8^o.

Maxwell, W. H. Life of the Duke of Wellington. 4th ed. 1845. 3 v. 8^o.

Morris, Gouverneur. Diary and Letters. New York, 1888. 2 v. 8^o.

Paget, Sir Arthur. The Paget Papers. London, 1896. 2 v. 8^o.

Parliamentary History. Vols. XXXVI et seq. London, 1803 et seq.

Romilly, Sir Samuel. Memoirs and Correspondence. London, 1847. 3 v. 8^o.

Rose, G. Diaries and Correspondence. Ed. by L. V. Harcourt. London, 1859. 2 v. 8^o.

Ségur, P. P. de. History of the expedition to Russia in 1812. Philadelphia, 1825. 8^o.

Sidmouth. Life and correspondence of Henry Addington, first Viscount Sidmouth. Ed. by G. Pellew. London, 1847. 3 v. 8^o.

Sinclair, Sir J. Correspondence, with reminiscences of the most distinguished characters in Great Britain and in foreign countries during the last fifty years. London, 1831. 2 v. 8^o.

Stanhope. Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt. London, 1861-62. 4 v. 12^o.

Stewart, C. W. V., first Earl Vane and third marquis of Londonderry. Narrative of the war in Germany and France in 1813-14. London, 1830. 4^o.

Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington. Civil Correspondence and Memoranda. London, 1860. 5 v. 8^o.

Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington. Despatches from 1799-1818. New ed. London, 1837-38. 9 v. 8^o. (Vols. 4-12 of Coll. Despatches.)

Windham, W. The diary of William Windham, 1784-1810. Ed. by Mrs. Henry Baring. London, 1866. 8^o.

Yonge, C. D. Life and administration of Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2d earl of Liverpool (1786-1820). London, 1868. 3 v. 8^o.

ITALY

Besancenet, A. de. Le Général Dommartin en Italie et en Égypte. Ordres de service. Correspondance, 1789-1799. Paris, 1880. 12^o.

Botta, C. Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814. Torino, 1824. 8 v.

Bouvier, F. Bonaparte en Italie (1796). 8^o. Av. cartes. Paris, 1899. Cerf.

Cantù, C., Ed. Corrispondenze di diplomatici della repubblica e del regno di Italia 1796-1814. Compilazione archivistica. Vol. I^o. Milano, 1884. 8^o.

Castro. Milano durante la dominazione napoleonica. Milano, 1880. 8^o.

Castro. Storia d'Italia dal 1799 al 1814. Milano, 1881. 8^o.

Coignet, Capitaine. Les cahiers (1799-1815), publ. d'après le MS. orig. par L. Larchey. Nouv. éd., rev. et cor. Paris, 1889. 12^o.

Coletta, P. Storia del reame di Napoli dal 1734 al 1825. Paris, 1835. 8^o.

Coppi. Annali d'Italia dal 1750 al 1807. Rome, 1849. 8^o.

Dandolo, G. La caduta della republica di Venezia ed i suoi ultimi cinquant'anni. Studii, storici, ed appendice. Venezia. 1855-57. 2 v. 8^o.

Dejob. M^me de Staël et l'Italie (avec une bibliographie de l'influence française en Italie, 1796-1814). Paris, 1890.

Einsiedel, A. A. v. Die Feldzüge d. Oesterreicher in Italien im Jahre 1805. Mit 1 Schlachtplan u. 1 Karte. Weimar, 1812. 8^o.

Fabry, G. Histoire de l'armée d'Italie (1796-97). De Loano à févr., 1796. 2 v. 8^o. Paris, 1900. Champion. Tom. 3. 8^o. Paris, 1901. Chapelot.

Gachot, E. La deuxième campagne d'Italie, 1800. 16^o. Paris, 1898. Perrin.

Gaffarel, Paul. Bonaparte et les républiques italiennes 1796-1799. Paris, 1895. 8^o.

Graham, Colonel T. Despatches on the Italian campaign of 1796-97. Ed. by J. H. Rose. In English Historical Review, vol. 14, pp. 111-124, 321-331. London, 1900.

Helfert, J. A. Königin Karolina von Neapel u. Sicilien im Kampfe gegen die französische Weltherrschaft, 1790-1814. Mit Benützung von Schriftstücken des K. K. Haus-Hof-u. Staats-Archivs. Wien, 1878. 8^o.

Johnston, R. M. The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy. 2 v. London, 1904. (Bibliography.)

La Folie, C. J. (Coraccini, pseud.) Histoire de l'administration du royaume d'Italie pendant la domination française. Paris, 1823. 8^o.

La Folie, C. J. (Coraccini, pseud.) Storia dell'amministrazione del regno d'Italia durante il dominio francese. Lugano, 1823.

Liebenstein, T. E. F. v. D. Krieg Napoleons gegen Russland in d. Jahre 1812 u. 13. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1888. 2 Thle.

Litta Biumi, A. Della Battaglia di Montenotte. Milano, 1846. 8^o.

Lucchesini. Historische Entwickelung der Ursachen und Wirkungen des Rheinbundes. Aus dem Italienischen. Leipzig, 1822. 2 Thle. 8^o.

Nani-Mocenigo, Conte. Venezia durante la dominazione napoleonica. Venezia, 1896. 8^o.

Pellet, E. A. M. Bonaparte en Toscane en 1796. Paris, 1887. 12^o. (Extrait de la "Revue bleue.")

Reumont, A. v. Beiträge zur Italienischen Geschichte. Berlin, 1853-57. 6 Bde.

Rolhenburg, v. Die Schlacht bei Rivoli. Leipzig, 1845.

Romanin, F. Storia documentata di Venezia. Venezia, 1853-61. 10 v.

Sforza, G., Ed. Sull' occupazione di Massa di Lunigiana da' Francesi nel 1796, lettere d'un Giacobino. Lucca, 1880. 8^o.

Trolard, E. Pélerinage aux champs de bataille français d'Italie, v. 1. De Montenotte au pont d'Arcole. v. 2, 3. De Rivoli à Marengo et à Solferino. Paris, 1893. 4 v. 12^o.

Welschinger, H. Le roi de Rome, 1811-32. Paris, 1897. 8^o.

THE PAPACY

Artaud de Montor, F. Histoire des souverains pontifes romains. Paris, 1847-49. 8 v. 12^o.

Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de, Ed. Documents sur la négociation du concordat. Paris, 1891-95. 4 v. 8^o.

Chotard, H. Le pape Pie VII à Savone, d'après les minutes des lettres inéd. du gén. Berthier au prince Borghèse et d'après les mémoires inéd. de M. de Lebseltern, conseiller d'ambassade autrichien. Paris, 1887. 12^o.

Geoffroy de Grandmaison. Napoléon et les cardinaux noirs, 1810-14. Paris, 1895. 16^o.

Giucci, G. Storio de Pio VII. Rome, 1857-64.

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SWITZERLAND

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RUSSIA AND POLAND

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Rambaud, A. History of Russia from the earliest times to 1877. Tr. by L. B. Lang. London, 1879. 8^o.

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Wilson, Sir R. Narrative of events during the invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the retreat of the French army, 1812. Ed. by G. H. Randolph. London, 1860. 8^o.

Woronzow, S. R., Comte de. Arkhiv kniazia Vorontsova, viii, ix. Boumagi gr. S. R. Vorontsova. Moskva, 1876. 3 t. 8^o.

NETHERLANDS

Grolmann, E. von. Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1815 in den Niederlanden u. Frankreich, als Beitrag z. Kriegsgeschichte d. neueren Kriege. Hrsg. von Major v. Damitz. Berlin, 1837. 12 v. 8^o.

Kampen, van. Geschichte der Niederlande. Hamburg, 1831-33. 2 v. 8^o.

Legrand, L. La révolution française en Hollande: la république Batave. Paris, 1894.

Paquet, Syphorien. Voyage historique et pittoresque fait dans les Pays-Bas et dans quelques départements voisins pendant les années 1811, 1812 et 1813. Paris, 1813. 2 v. 12^o.

SCANDINAVIAN POWERS

Hochschild, C. F. L. Désirée, reine de Suède et de Norvège. Paris, 1888. 16^o.

Schinkel, B. v. Minnen ur Sveriges nyare historia. I^ra afd. Bihang, 1, 2, 3. Upsala, 1881-83. 8^o.

Schmidt, Fr. Schweden unter Karl XIV Johann. Heidelberg, 1842. 8^o.

Swederns, G. Schwedens Politik u. Kriege in dem Jahre 1808-1814 vorzüglich unter Leitung des Kronprinzen Carl Johan. Deutsche, von dem verf. gänzlich umgearb. Ausg. aus dem Schwed. von C. F. Frisch. Leipzig, 1866. 2 Thle. 8^o.

Thorsoë, A. D. Danske stats-politiske historie fra 1800-1864. I. Tidsrummet, 1800-14. Kiobenhavn, 1873. 8^o.

Touchard-Lafosse, G. Histoire de Charles XIV (Jean Bernadotte), roi de Suède et de Norvège. Paris, 1838. 3 v. 8^o.

EGYPT

Abdurrahman Gabarti. Journal pendant l'occupation française en Égypte, suivi d'un précis de la même campagne par Mou'allem Nicolas-el-Turki, tr. de l'arabe par A. Cardin. Paris, 1838. 8^o.

Bertrand, Général H. G., Ed. Guerre d'Orient. Campagnes d'Égypte et de Syrie. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Napoléon dictés par lui-même à Sainte-Hélène et publiés par le Gén. Bertrand. Paris, 1847. 2 v. 8^o. Atlas fol.

Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte. Le directoire et l'expédition d'Égypte: Étude sur les tentatives du directoire pour communiquer avec Bonaparte, le secourir et le ramener. Paris, 1885. 12^o.

Copies of original letters from the army of Gen. Bonaparte in Egypt, with an Eng. tr. London, 1798-1800. 3 parts. 12^o.

La Jonquière, C. L'Expédition d'Égypte (1798-1801). 2 v. 8^o. Av. cartes. Paris, 1900-1901. Charles Lavauzelle.

Nakoula-el-Turk. Histoire de l'expédition des Français en Égypte. Tr. et publ. par Desgranges. Paris, 1839. 8^o.

Pièces officielles de l'armée d'Égypte. 2^e partie. Par., an IX. 8^o.

Simon, E. T. Correspondance de l'armée française en Égypte, interceptée par l'escadre de Nelson. Trad. en franç. Paris, an VII. 8^o.

Richardot, C. Nouveaux mémoires sur l'armée française en Égypte et en Syrie, ou la vérité mise au jour sur les principaux faites et événements de cette armée, la statistique du pays, les usages et les mœurs des habitants, avec le plan de la côte d'Aboukir à Alexandrie et à la tour des Arabes. Paris, 1848. 8^o.

Villiers du Terrage, E. de. Journal et souvenirs sur l'expédition d'Égypte (1798-1801); publ. par le B^on M. de Villiers du Terrage. 8^o. Av. cartes et gravures. Paris, 1899. Plon.

Wilson, Sir R. T. History of the British expedition to Egypt. 2 ed. London, 1803. 4^o.

THE BALKAN STATES

Beer, A. D. Orientalische Politik Oesterreichs seit 1774. Prague, 1883. 8^o.

Boppe, A. Documents inédits sur les relations de la Serbie avec Napoléon I, 1809-14. Extrait de l'Otatchbina, livres XIX et XX. Belgrade, 1888. 8^o.

Zinkeisen. Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches. Gotha, 1859. 8^o.

SAINT HELENA

Abell, Mrs. L. E. B. Recollections of the emperor Napoleon during the first three years of his captivity. London, 1845. 12^o.

A Diary of St. Helena (1816-1817). The journal of Lady Malcolm, containing the conversations of Napoleon with Sir P. Malcolm, ed. by Sir A. Wilson. 16^o. London, 1899. Innes.

Antommarchi, F. Mémoires; ou, Les derniers moments de Napoléon. Bruxelles, 1825. 2 v. 8^o.

Bingham, Gen. G. R. Diary of Napoleon's Voyage to St. Helena. Blackwood's Magazine, Oct., 1896.

Forsyth, W. History of the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena: from the letters and journals of Sir H. Lowe. London, 1853 3 v. 8^o.

Gourgaud, Gén. G. de. Sainte-Hélène: Journal inédit de 1815 à 1818. 2 v. 8^o. Paris, 1899. Flammarion. Trad. en allem. par H. Conrad. 8^o. Stuttgart, 1901. Lutz. Coll. Memoiren-Bibliothek.

Las Cases, E. A. D. M. J., Marquis de. Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène; ou, Jour. où se trouve consigné, jour par jour, ce qui a dit et fait Napoléon durant dix-huit mois. Paris, 1823-24. 8 v. 8^o.

Lullin de Châteauvieux, J. F. Manuscripts transmitted from St. Helena by an unknown channel. New York, 1817. 12^o.

Lullin de Châteauvieux, J. F. Manuscrit venu de Sainte-Hélène d'une manière inconnue. 4 éd. Lond., 1817. 8^o.

Maitland, Sir F. L. Narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte and of his residence on board the Bellerophon. 2 ed. London, 1826. 8^o.

Masson, F. Autour de Sainte-Hélène. Paris, 1909.

Melliss, J. C. St. Helena: a phys., hist., and topog. description of the island, incl. its geology, fauna, flora, and meteorology. London, 1875. 4^o.

Montchenu, Marquis de. La captivité de Sainte-Hélène, d'après les rapports inédits, par G. Firmin-Didot. Paris, 1894. 8^o.

Montholon, C^tesse de. Souvenirs de Sainte-Hélène (1815-1816); publ. sous les auspices du V^te du Couedic de Kergoualer, son petit-fils, par le C^te Fleury. Av. gravures. 18^o. Paris, 1901. Paul.

Montholon-Sémonville, C. T. de. History of the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena. London, 1846-47. 4 v. 8^o. American ed., Philadelphia, 1847. 8^o.

Montholon-Sémonville, C. T. de. Récits de la captivité de l'Empereur Napoléon à Sainte-Hélène. Paris, 1847. 2 v. 8^o.

Napoléon I. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de France sous le règne de Napoléon, écrits à Sainte-Hélène par les généraux Gourgaud et Montholon, qui ont partagé sa captivité. 2e éd., disposée dans un nouvel ordre et augmentée de chapitres inédits, etc. Paris, 1830. 9 v. 8^o.

O'Meara, B. E. Napoléon dans l'exil; ou, Une voix de Sainte-Hélène. Trad, par A. Roy. London, 1823. 2 v. 8^o.

O'Meara, B. E. Napoléon in Exile; or, A Voice from St. Helena (1815-18). 2 ed. New York, 1853. 2 v. 8^o.

Recueil de pièces authentiques sur le captif de Sainte-Hélène, de mémoires et documents écrits ou dictés par l'Empereur Napoléon, suivis de lettres de MM. le grand maréchal C^te Bertrand, le C^te de Las Cases, le Gén. B^on Gourgaud, le Gén. C^te Montholon. Paris, 1821-25. 12 v. 8^o.

Schlitter, H. D. Berichte d. K. K. Commissars Bartholomäus v. Stürmer aus St. Helena zur Zeit d. dortigen Internirung Napoleon Bonapartes, 1816-18. 8^o. Wien, 1886. 8^o.

Warden, W. Conduct and conversations of Napoleon Buonaparte and his suite during the voyage to St. Helena, and some months there. Albany, 1817. 12^o.

INDEX

A

Aachen, N.'s court at, ii. 329, 339, 350. Aalen, the French position at, ii. 365. Abdullah Pasha, routed at Esdraelon, ii. 71, 72. Aben, River, military operations on the, iii. 207. Abensberg, Lefebvre defeats the Austrians at, iii. 207; Oudinot ordered to, 208; battle of, 211. Aberdeen, Lord, English envoy at Vienna, iii. 422. Abo, Alexander's hint to Bernadotte at, iv. 55. Aboukir, battle of, ii. 77-80, 97; trophies from, deposited at the Invalides, 147. Aboukir Bay, battle of, ii. 62, 63. Abrantès, Junot at, iii. 121. Abrantès, Duchesse d', friendship with N., i. 178, 283. Absolutism, its growth in Europe, i. 67; its decline and abolition, 106-110, 119, 151; iv. 162, 250, 292. Academy, The, ordered to occupy itself with literary criticism, iii. 26. Acken, military operations near, iv. 21, 22, 25. Acqui, military operations at, i. 354. Acre, Phélippeaux at, i. 65; siege of, ii. 47, 70-76; the key of Palestine, 73; relief expedition from Constantinople to, 73-75; parley between Phélippeaux and N. at, 79; compared with Smolensk, iii. 340. Act of Mediation, the, ii. 234. Acton, Sir J. F. E., rule of, in Naples, ii. 357. Adam, Albrecht, on the French advance into Russia, iii. 337. Adam, Sir F., in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209. Adda, River, military operations on the, i. 359, 381; ii. 172. Addington, Henry, succeeds Pitt in the ministry, ii. 208; negotiates for peace, 210; belief in the peace of Amiens, 213; holds England to be arbiter of the Continent, 263; Continental policy, 263, 266, 267; appoints Lord Whitworth ambassador to Paris, 266; his influence undermined by Pitt, 292; driven from power, 337. Addison, Joseph, on England's insular position, ii. 263. Additional Act, the, iv. 160, 161, 166. Aderklaa, Austrian advance through, iii. 219. Adige, River, military operations on, i. 371, 379, 383-391, 406-414, 434, 442; ii. 87, 91, 193, 368; iii. 201; iv. 39; cession to Austria of lands on, ii. 21; boundary of the Cisalpine Republic, 21; boundary of Austria in Italy, 193; Eugène to collect troops on, 362. Adrial, M., member of the council of state, ii. 222; reviser of the Code, 222. Adriatic Sea, N. threatens to seize, i. 404; French fleet in, ii. 18; cession to Austria of lands on, 21; marriage of, 24; N.'s control of, iii. 110; the highway to India, 111. Æetes, N. likened to, iv. 387. Æneid, N.'s notes on the, iv. 232. Afghanistan, projected rising against England in, iii. 21. Africa, proposed military operations in northern, iii. 114; the partition of, iv. 298. "Agamemnon," the, at siege of Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62. "Agathon," iii. 175. Agricultural laborers, condition at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102, 105, 109. Agriculture, encouragement of, ii. 220. Aigues-Mortes, the canal of, ii. 349. Aisne, River, military movements on the, iv. 77, 93. Aix, Fesch at, i. 44; N. at, 141; iv. 139, 154; arrest of Corsican commissioners at, i. 204; N.'s sickness at, iv. 139; bitter feeling against N. at, 138, 154. Ajaccio made a seat of government, i. 25; the Bonaparte family in, 26-35; N. at, 81-90, 118, 128, 135, 159, 193, 203 prepares plans for its defense, 91; political parties in, 116; patriotic schemes, 118; N. assumes leadership in, 118; the democratic club at, 118, 123, 127, 128, 145, 184; withdrawal of French troops from, 121; reorganizing the municipal government, 123, 127; attack on N. in, 128; disorders in, 128-130, 166-172, 180, 191; claims to be capital of Corsica, 134; political movements in, 163-170; election of officers in, 165, 166; popular feeling against N. in, 170, 171; embarkation of Sardinian expedition at, 191; N. demands allegiance to France from, 199; N.'s plot against the citadel at, 201-209; expedition from St. Florent against, 204-207; outburst against the Bonapartes in, 205; N.'s cave at, 210; weakness of, 257; N.'s last visit to, ii. 82. Albania, N. offers the country to England, ii. 404. Albuera, battle of, iii. 289. Albufera, Duke of. See Suchet. Alessandria, opening of the road to, i. 257; military operations near, 352; in French hands, 373; Melas rallies his army at, ii. 174, 177; topography of the country, 177, 178; Melas retires to, 180; N. concedes to the allies at Châtillon, iv. 87. Alexander I, succeeds Paul I, ii. 210; waives claim to Malta, 210; liberates English ships, 210; his bloody title to the throne, ii. 210, 317; iii. 36, 37; iv. 114; abandons the neutrality policy, ii. 263; personal relations between N. and, 263; iii. 34, 37, 40, 43, 52-53, 64, 73, 97, 105, 107, 116, 118, 248, 255, 310, 408, 411; pacification of, ii. 265; ruptures diplomatic relations with France, 311; animus toward France, 330; greed for Oriental empire, 330, 331, 347, 348, 357, 406, 418; iii. 33, 176, 236, 245; iv. 67; attitude on the death of Enghien, ii. 330, 348; demands indemnity for King of Sardinia, 330; N.'s words of warning to, 347; demands indemnity for Piedmont, 348; undertakes peace negotiations, 356; his scheme of redistribution of Europe, 355; England's negotiations with, 355; character and personality, 356; iii. 41-43, 117, 171, 310, 351, 420; iv. 6, 68, 132; recalls his peace envoy, ii. 357; brings Prussia into the coalition, 376, 377; at Berlin, 376, 377; relations with Frederick William III, 377; iii. 57, 107, 195; prefers one of Paul I's assassins, ii. 380; at Olmütz, 380; N. opens negotiations with, 380; forces the battle of Austerlitz, 382; after the battle, 389; deserts Francis I, 390; interview with N., 391; retreats to Poland, 391; evacuates Naples, 405; conscienceless concerning territories of others, 405; breaks off negotiations with N., 418; rejects the Oubril treaty, 421; uncertain attitude, 420; N.'s insinuations concerning Queen Louisa and, iii. 57; N.'s doubts about his movements, 1; activity after Jéna, 1; offers rewards for French prisoners, 9; devotion of the army to, 9, 10; interest in Constantinople, 28; meeting with N. at Tilsit, 34 et seq., 49, 53; N.'s proposals to, 36; reminded of Paul I's death, 36; invited to make a separate peace, 36; accepts N.'s terms, 37; promises to aid France against England, 41; deserts Prussia, 42; proposed visit to Paris, 51; proposes a treaty with Turkey, 51; on European politics, 51; opinion of Louis XVIII, 52; claims concessions from N., 55; saves Silesia to Prussia, 56; acquires Bielostok, 56; refuses to seize Prussian territory, 62; parting from N. at Tilsit, 63; Savary's influence over, 64; hostility of Russian society to, 64, 109, 118, 336; enmity to England, 70; N. proposes matrimonial unions to, 93, 179, 181, 247, 248; coquets with English agents, 97; effect of the treaty of Tilsit on, 99; apprehensions at England's actions, 99; seeks to abolish serfdom, 99; difficulties of his position, 99; demands reparation for Denmark, 100; declares war on England, 102; repudiates the agreement of Slobozia, 105; keeps faith with N., 105; holds N. to his promises, 106; ambition to acquire the Danubian principalities, 105, 116, 117, 176, 248; appoints Tolstoi to negotiate with N., 107; declines N.'s offers, 108; essays to effect the liberation of Prussia, 108, 168; continues his demands on N., 110; N. seeks further interviews with, 113, 116; court intrigue around, 115; receives presents from N., 116; seeks to acquire Finland, 115, 168, 176; breaks off negotiations for interview with N., 116; "stalemated," 117; humiliation of, 117, 310; Joseph seeks his consent to acceptance of the Spanish crown, 131; uncertainty concerning N.'s plans, 165; approves N.'s course at Bayonne, 166; friendship with Caulaincourt, 165, 168, 248; proposed second meeting with N., 166, 168, 169; informed of the capitulation of Baylen, 166; influence on Emperor Francis, 167; rewon by N.'s promises, 166; remonstrates with Austria, 166, 168; determines to exact the fruits of Tilsit, 168; intellectual pretensions, 171; meeting with N. at Erfurt, 172 et seq.; dramatic incident at performance of "Œdipe," 172; apparent success of his demands at Erfurt, 177; hot words with N. at Erfurt, 177; approves of N.'s contemplated divorce, 181; relies on N. to gratify his ambitions, 194; at Königsberg, 193, 194; modifies his tone to Vienna, 194; neutrality of, 225; gives no support to Francis, 236; orders invasion of Galicia, 236; his observance of Franco-Russian treaties, 238, 244; advises peace, 239; N. explains the treaty of Schönbrunn to, 245; hesitates to betroth his sister to N., 247, 248; fears the loss of Moldavia and Wallachia, 248; chagrined at the Austrian war and its results, 249; anxiety for a French alliance, 248; attitude concerning N.'s second marriage, 255, 316; offers Norway to Sweden, 281, 314, 321; discriminates against France in customs duties, 288; action on N.'s occupation of the North Sea coast, 287; reserves his family rights over Oldenburg, 288; refuses to accept Erfurt, 288; liberal tendencies, 309; friendship with Czartoryski, 309, 311, 383; ambition for equality with N., iii. 310; essays the rôle of European mediator, 309; disgusted with the old dynasties, 309; outwitted by N. in the Polish negotiations, 310 et seq.; impending rupture with N., 310 et seq.; rupture with N. over the Polish question, 311 et seq.; refuses to restore the integrity of Poland, 312; proposes to accept the crown of Warsaw, 311; virtual declaration of war against France, 311; hopes of the Poles in, 313; N. offers the use of the "Moniteur" to, 315; N. threatens action against, 314; prepares for war, 315; proves an untrustworthy ally, 316; determines on defensive warfare, 316; position as to the Continental System, 316, 328; N. warns him of his military preparations, 318; hints an offer of the French crown to Bernadotte, 321; makes qualified alliance with Prussia, 320; effect of his policy on Prussia, 320; makes terms with Turkey, 321; personal connection with the war of 1812, 328; concessions by, 328; ultimatum to France, 328, 329; proposes counter-terms to N., 329; demands better terms for Sweden, 330; invited to Dresden, 331; demands the evacuation of Prussia, 330; ukase of December, 1810, 329; his German advisers blamed, 336; allays trouble at St. Petersburg, 326; financial difficulties, 336; military policy, 341; replaces Barclay de Tolly by Kutusoff, 343; his advisers, 351-352; silent steadfastness, 351-352; religious spirit, 351; conduct after the capture of Moscow, 352; determines to continue the war, 351; friendship with Galitzin, 351; treatment of French prisoners, 367; makes terms with Prussia, 382; goes to Vilna, 383; project to become king of Poland, 384; seeks alliances with Prussia and Austria, 384; abandons the Polish idea, 384; ambition to pose as liberator of Europe, 383; relations with Stein, 385, 396; in correspondence with York, 384; negotiates treaty with Spain, July, 1812, 391; Metternich seeks to embroil him with Bernadotte, 394; advances against Eugène, 395; favors annexation of Saxony by Prussia, 399; importance of keeping him hostile to France, 415; N.'s attempt to negotiate with, 415; secret meeting with Metternich, 415; fatalism of, 420; Francis seeks alliance with, 420; jealousy of Austria, 424; mediocrity in military affairs, iv. 6; in military council at Trachenberg, 6; battle of Leipsic, 28-34; anxiety for the future of absolutism, 40; distrust of his allies, 40; Jacobinism of, 40; dissatisfied with Frankfort terms, 40; desires revenge for Moscow, 40; checks Bernadotte's ambitions, 55; encourages Bernadotte's ambition, 55, 57; holds the balances in the coalition, 57; ambition for European supremacy, 58; predicts speedy entry into Paris, 61; military blunder, 63; designs to acquire Galicia, 67; poses as a liberal, 68; designs regarding Poland, 67; desires to conquer France, 67; forbids the restoration of Vaud to Bern, 68; suspends the Congress of Châtillon, 70; consents to re-opening the Congress, 72; activity of, 88, 89; prepares for the entry into Paris, 90; terror-stricken at Arcis, 92; attitude toward Austria, 98; holds a military council, 98; intrigues with Vitrolles, 98; eagerness to annihilate N., 98; violates armistice before Paris, 110; orders an assault, 110; fears N.'s arrival at Paris, 110; Talleyrand sends a "blank check" to, 113; leads the allies into Paris, 113; schemes for French government, 114; the representative of legitimacy, 114; presides at the council for peace, 114; deceived by the Parisians' reception, 113; approves the Bourbon restoration, 114; Caulaincourt seeks audience of, 116; Marmont's offer to, 119; hears Talleyrand's remonstrance against the regency, 125; presentation of N.'s abdication to, 124, 125; hatred for absolutism, 126; hears of the defection of N.'s army, 126; revulsion of feeling in favor of the Empire, 126; refuses to accept the abdication, 129; generous impulses, 132; proposes a home for N. in Russia, 133; alleged indelicacy of his visit to the Empress at Rambouillet, 135; boast as to his servants, 138; protests to Talleyrand against violations of treaty obligations, 153; determines to retain ascendancy in the coalition, 169; converted to the legitimacy idea, 224; besought for N.'s release, 231; correspondence with: Galitzin, Prince, iii. 311; George III, iii. 181; Marmont, iv. 119; Napoleon, iii. 111, 113, 165, 315, 350. Alexander the Great, N. likened to, i. 423; iii. 319; iv. 292; N.'s admiration for, ii. 15, 47, 147, 157; his work for civilization, 157; iv. 251, 292; his ideal, iii. 319; the cause of his undoing, iv. 261. Alexandria, N.'s views concerning, ii. 47; Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition at, 57; N.'s arrival at, 57; capture of, 58; the march to Cairo from, 59; Adm. Brueys ordered to, 61; N. at, 66; arrival of the Rhodes expedition at, 77; English fleet at, 79; N. sails from, 81; England's occupation of, 280. Alfieri, Vittorio, sings of Italian freedom, ii. 232; iv. 39. Alien Act, England's position with regard to, ii. 271. Alkmaar, capitulation of the Duke of York at, ii. 93; capitulation of, 141. Alle, River, military operations on the, iii. 29, 30. Allemand, retreat of the French through, iv. 99. Allenburg, Bennigsen collects his troops at, iii. 31. Allix, J. A. F., at Auxerre, iv. 102; battle of Waterloo, 201. "All the Talents," the ministry of, iii. 46. Almeida, siege and capture of, iii. 284; retaken by the English, 289. Alpon, River, military operations on the, i. 389, 391. Alps, the, military operations in, i. 213, 412, 426, 433; ii. 160-173, 186, 187; the keys of, i. 342, 355; French supremacy in, ii. 96; Suvaroff's disasters in, 141; Hannibal's passage of, 169; road across the Simplon, 233; France's "natural boundary," iv. 41. Alsace, Austria driven out of, i. 273; royalists in, ii. 301; Duc d'Enghien's conspiracy in, 301, 305; regulations for Jews in, iii. 77; proposed cession of, to Austria, iv. 67. Alten, K. A. von, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209. Altenburg, peace negotiations at, iii. 237. Altenkirchen, battle of, i. 385. Alvinczy, Gen. Joseph, N.'s operations against, i. 350; commanding Austrian forces for relief of Mantua, 386-392; defeats Masséna at Bassano and Caldiero, 389; operations against Verona, 389-392; retreats from Caldiero, 390; operations on the Adige, 406-414; the Rivoli campaign, 406 et seq.; defeat at Rivoli, 414; flees to the Tyrol, 414. America, disquiet of the English colonies in, i. 22; precedent for France's aid to English colonies in, 23; English measures against colonies in, 24; Raynal's question concerning the discovery of, 137; Marquis de Beauharnais in, 314; collapse of French schemes of colonization in, ii. 237; France looks to her possessions in, 280; scheme for a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 141. American Embargo Act of 1807, iii. 101-102, 274-275. Americas, Emperor of the Two, iii. 120. Amiens, the treaty of, ii. 211, 230-236, 243, 262-264, 266-274, 280, 284, 332, 351, 400; iii. 47; iv. 264. Amsterdam, asked for loan of ten millions, ii. 154; smuggled commerce of, iii. 265, 267; Louis permitted to return to, 271; removal of the capital to, 277; march of French troops to, 276; sends deputation to Paris, 380. Amurrio, Gen. Victor at, iii. 183. Anarchists, in France, ii. 134; assassination schemes among, 239. Anarchy, the seed of "a pure democracy," i. 397. Ancients, Council of the, represent public sentiment, ii. 2; members of, proscribed, 8; Sieyès president of, 35; join the Bonapartist ranks, 100; give banquet to N. in St. Sulpice, 100; share in Bonapartist plots, 101; plots of the 18th Brumaire, 102 et seq.; endeavor to postpone N.'s dictatorship, 112; pass vote of confidence in N., 114; adopts the Consulate, 123. Ancona, capture of, i. 422; importance of, 423; N. at, 423; N. proposes to seize, 447; rise of, 447; fall of, ii. 142; Austrian occupation of, 182; seized by French troops, 396; annexed to Italy, iii. 69, 118. Andalusia, Dupont advances toward, iii. 156; withdrawal of troops from, 188; Soult ordered to, 286. Andernach, alteration of boundary at, ii. 21. Andréossy, Gen. A. F., service in Egypt, ii. 53; accompanies N. on his return from Alexandria, 81; action on the 18th Brumaire, 105; ambassador to London, 277; despatch from N. to, 284; reports Austrian activity, iii. 21; influence in Vienna, 23. Angély, Regnault de St. Jean d', dreads a new Terror, ii. 94; member of the council of state, 152; prophesies the undoing of France, iii. 325. Angerburg, Lestocq at, iii. 8. Anghiari, Provera crosses the Adige at, i. 410, 414. Anglas, Boissy d', quells riot at the National Convention, i. 283. Anglo-Saxon spirit of civilization, iv. 254. Angoulême, Duchess of, affronts Madame Ney, iv. 148. Angoulême, Duke of, proclaims Louis XVIII, at Bordeaux, iv. 87. Anne, Grand Duchess, mentioned for marriage with N., iii. 179, 181; N. seeks her hand in marriage, 248, 250. Ansbach, Bernadotte's movements in, ii. 365, 376; ceded to Bavaria, 390; Augereau commanding in, 416; French violation of territory, iii. 59; military movements near, iv. 35. Anselme, Gen., i. 191. Antibes, recruits for N.'s army from, iv. 155. Antilles, scheme for population of the, ii. 236. Antommarchi, Dr. F., assists N. on his history, iv. 232; N.'s physician, 232. Antonelli, Cardinal, diplomatic duel with Portails, ii. 346. Antraigues, Comte d', exposes Pichegru's treachery, ii. 5, 6; furnishes pen portrait of N., 28, 29. Antwerp, commercial key to central Europe, iv. 42; N. "loses his crown for," 42; refused to France by the allies, 67; N. refuses to give up, 74; N. concedes, to the allies, 87. Aosta, arrival of Lannes at, ii. 171. Apennines, military operations in the, i. 243, 352, 374; ii. 93. Apolda, military movements near, ii. 432. Apollonius of Tyana, N. compares Jesus Christ with, ii. 206. Aqua tofana, plot to poison N. with, i. 418. Arabia, N.'s attention turned toward, i. 78, 95. Aragon, French occupation of, iii. 155; military government of, 279; captured by Suchet, 289; French possession of, 377. Aranjuez, the revolution at, iii. 135-144; Charles IV's court at, 135, 136, 138. Arc de Triomphe, erection of the, iii. 74. Arch-Chancellor of State, creation of the office of, ii. 322. Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, creation of the office of, ii. 322. "Archive Russe," cited, i. 216. Arch-Treasurer, creation of the office of, ii. 322. Arcis-sur-Aube, Blücher advances on, iv. 58; N. moves to, 85-88; battle of, 86, 92, 93; proposed concentration of the allies at, 89; retreat of the French from, 93; N.'s retreat from, 95; French capture of, 96. Arcole, N. at, i. 393; the lessons of, 394; battle of, 389, 390, 399; ii. 140. Ardennes Mountains, proposed boundaries for Germany, iii. 320; military operations in the, iv. 170. Ardon, loss of, iv. 79. Aremberg, Duke of, marries Mlle. Tascher de la Pagerie, iii. 132. Arena, Joseph, success of, in Isola Rossa, i. 119; member of the National Assembly, 133; banished to Italy, 162; influence of, 233; charged with conspiracy, ii. 235; execution of, 241. Arenberg, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403. Argenson, Comte d', suggests the Suez Canal, ii. 46. Argenteau, Gen., defeated at Dego and Montenotte, i. 353. Aristocrats, guillotining the, i. 251; under the régime of the First Consul, ii. 258. Arles, the canal of, ii. 349. Armed neutrality, the, ii. 209-212; Russia abandons the, 263. Army (French), its relation to the throne, i. 67; demoralization and discontent in, and desertions from, 67-69, 96, 112, 142, 173; iii. 4, 5, 224, 290, 291, 323, 326, 342, 360, 365, 372, 383, 402-404, 411, 412; iv. 4, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, 36, 62, 63, 69, 73, 83, 99, 101, 118, 122, 146, 147; changes in the, i. 141-143; compulsory service, 142, 143, 213; reorganization of the, 149, 158, 159, 164; regulations, 287; political sentiments in, and influence of, 305, 347, 348, 426; ii. 4, 5, 102, 103, 235; iv. 118, 126; N.'s relations with, care for, and reliance on, i. 362, 365, 366; ii. 29, 140, 153, 196, 248, 318, 361, 408; iii. 50, 325, 379, 380, 386, 387; iv. 50, 59, 123, 131, 137; 219, 248, 249, 255, 259, 260; its prestige weakened by 18th Fructidor, ii. 22; its mainsprings of action, 37; importance of N.'s securing its adhesion, 102; N.'s manifestos to, 159, 160; contempt for the Concordat, 217; quartered in foreign countries, 141; disappearance of discontent in the, 318; creation of marshals of France, 321; conciliating the, 323; its leaders, 364; effect of Trafalgar on, 376; effect of Austerlitz on, 394; the army chest, 409, 410; iii. 295; change in the personnel of the, 3; venality of contractors, 4, 5; improving the commissary, 7; strengthening the, 22; censorship of correspondence from the, 25; founding of military factories, 25; morale after Eylau, 45; N.'s exhibitions of, to the Czar, 50; pension system, 87; military schools, 91; its lust for sack and booty, 155, 224; over-confidence in, 231; the cantinière of Busaco, 291; discipline in Spain, 292; "Marshal Stockpot's" deserters, 291; expense of maintenance, 295, 305; its equipment for the Russian campaign of 1812, 333; N.'s address to, before the Russian campaign, 334; sufferings in Russia, 337, 357 et seq.; vitality, 374; wrath at N.'s desertion, 375; scheme for supporting, 388; quality of the new (1813), 401; juvenile soldiers in, iv. 4, 5, 21; corruption in the, 5; lack of pay for, 5; effect of long campaigning on the generals, 7; dwindling numbers of, 20; dearth of military supplies, 50; ambition among the minor generals, 118; revival of Bonapartist feeling among the, 148; returns to N.'s standard, 158; reorganization of, 165; its morale at Waterloo, 198; N.'s farewell address to the, 219. See also Conscription. Army of Catalonia, service on the Rhine, iv. 55. Army of Egypt, advances on Syria, ii. 68, 69; abandoned by N. in Egypt, 80; Adm. Bruix sent to relieve the, 79; its desolate plight, 80, 81. Army of England, the, creation of, ii. 24; N. general of, 24, 35; on the watch at Boulogne, 48; the right wing of, 51; strength, 290, 291; ordered to march to the eastward, 362. Army of Helvetia, incorporated into the Army of the Rhine, ii. 140. Army of Holland, freed for active service, ii. 146. Army of Italy, equipment of the, i. 196; campaign in the Alps, 213; N.'s service with and command of, 216, 224, 237, 255, 318-22, 342; question of its sustenance, 239; strength and organization, 240, 241; N.'s plans for the, 245; Corsicans in the, 252; N.'s monograph on, 288; promised booty, 339, 340, 344; the question of its employment, 342, 343; joined to that of the Pyrenees, 343; destitution of, 344; strength (1796), 346; pillage in the, 351; reinforced from Vendée, 387; popularity of, 419; growing arrogance of the, ii. 4; reinforced by the Army of the Alps, 9; speculations as to further employment, 32; restrained from pillage, 42; Moreau's service with, 72; division of, and disaster, 87; frauds in, 91; commanded by Masséna, 140, 186; scheme for raising money for, 154; N.'s manifesto to, 159, 160; its line of operations, 160; service on the Rhine, iv. 55. Army of Silesia, contemplated movement against, iv. 24; contemplated movement of, 25. Army of the Alps, Napoleon's plans for the, i. 245; combined with Army of Italy, ii. 9. Army of the Danube, under command of Jourdan, ii. 72. Army of the East (Allies), iv. 3. Army of the Elbe, formation of, iii. 393. Army of the Interior, the, i. 298; N. made second in command, 305; N. reorganizes, 308; 1796, 345; commanded by Augereau, ii. 7. Army of the Main, formation of the, iii. 393. Army of the Netherlands, service on the Rhine, iv. 55. Army of the North, conquers the Austrian Netherlands, i. 273; in 1796, 347; operations on the Rhine, 434; Barras's schemes in regard to, ii. 6. Army of the North (Allies), in Brandenburg, iv. 3; contemplated movement against the, 24. Army of the Pyrenees, transferred to Maritime Alps, i. 342; joined to that of Italy, 344; service on the Rhine, iv. 55. Army of the Reserve, ordered to Italy, ii. 163, 164; expected to attack Melas, 170; crosses the Alps, 169-173. Army of the Rhine, the (French), N. seeks to join, i. 216; N. fails of admission, 224; commanded by Citizen Beauharnais, 314; the question of its employment, 342; fails to support N. in Italy, 435; destitution of, ii. 6; Augereau commander of, 7; disbanded, 35; Moreau commanding, 140; N.'s manifesto to, 159; contempt for the Concordat in, 235; the San Domingo expedition selected from, 236; N.'s method of quelling opposition in, 235-237; weakened to ensure success in Italy, 296. Army of the Rhine (Archduke Charles's), i. 425. Army of the Sambre and Meuse, wins battle of Fleurus, i. 273; campaigning in the Alps, 425; brought to Paris, ii. 7. Army of the South (Allies), iv. 3; pursues Murat, 26; Augereau attempts to hinder, 94; Francis joins, at Lyons, 97. Army of the Tyrol (Austrian), retreats to head waters of the Enns, iii. 216; Archduke John ordered to join, 216. Army of the Var, i. 191. Army of the West, the, N. ordered to join, i. 263; N. refuses to serve in, 279, 296; under Hoche, 346; reinforces the Army of Italy, 387; freed for active service, ii. 146. "Army Organization," N.'s essay on, iv. 232. Arnault, A. V., reports N.'s speech to Barras, ii. 107; "Memoirs" of, iii. 298; records interview between Mme. de Staël and N., 298. Arndt, E. M., member of the reform party in Prussia, ii. 416; his war-cry of "Freedom and Austria," iii. 195; inspires to German unity, 397. Arrighi, Gen. J. T., wounded at Acre, ii. 76. Art, N.'s plunder of works of, i. 368, 423, 446; revival of, ii. 259; N. advises encouragement of, 347. "Art and History of War," N.'s essay on, ii. 340. Artillery, N.'s study and use of, i. 48; ii. 178; condition in 1796, 329; its use at Wagram, iii. 229; use of, at Leipsic, iv. 28, 33. Artisan class, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102. Artois, Count of, leads emigrant royalists against France, i. 298; returns to England, 304; schemes for the restoration of, ii. 239; complicity in the Cadoudal conspiracy, 298; refrains from entering France, 301; doubtful courage of, 301-303; suspected of plotting in Paris, 303; N. determines to seize, 302; his plots in Paris, 311; supposed capture of, iv. 104; enters Paris, 132; reception in Lyons, 156. Asia, France's interest in, ii. 16; N.'s schemes of conquest in, 61; Russia's ambition in, 154, 193; England's vulnerability in, iii. 112; proposed invasion of, 113; N.'s scheme to drive Russia into, 332; the partition of, iv. 298. Asia Minor, proposed military operations in, iii. 114. Aspern, the advantage of position at, ii. 179; battle of, iii. 218-225, 231, 232; monument in churchyard of, 223; losses at, 224; military operations near, 226; captured by the Austrians, 228. Assembly of Notables, i. 105. Assyria, the history of, iv. 293. Asti, topography of country near, ii. 178. Astorga, British troops at, iii. 186, 188; N. at, 188, 196; Ney at, 188. Astrakhan, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209. Asturias, rebellion in, iii. 154; flight of Blake into, 185. Asturias, Prince of, leads revolt against Godoy, iii. 70; conspiracy of his father against his succession, 71, 127; arrest of, 72, 126; proposed French matrimonial alliance for, 71, 125, 133, 144; character, popularity, and following, 124; seeks N.'s aid, 125, 126; mentions his mother's shame, 126; commissions the Duke del Infantado, 126; trial and release, 127; pardoned by his father, 127; Charles IV, abdicates in favor of, 136. See also Ferdinand VII. Astyanax, the King of Rome likened to, iv. 91, 108. Atheists, in the National Convention, i. 250. Athies, capture and recapture of, iv. 80, 81. Atlantic, N.'s mastery of ports on the, iii. 264. Attila, N. likened to, i. 443. Aube, River, military operations on the, iv. 58, 60, 74, 85, 86, 91, 93, 96. Aubry, François, royalist intrigues by, i. 278; N.'s vindictiveness toward, 287, 289. Auerstädt, battle of, ii. 430-434; Prussia's humiliation at, iii. 57; Davout created Duke of, 86. See also Davout. Augereau, Gen. P. C. F., a product of Carnot's system, i. 332; general of division, Army of Italy, 345; defeats Austrians at Millesimo, 353, 354; at Lonato, 381; battle of Bassano, 388; at Verona, 388; battle of Arcole, 380-391; battle of Lonato, 393; driven into Porto Legnago, 409; the Rivoli campaign, 410, 414; commanding Army of the Interior, ii. 7; takes command in Paris, 7; events of the 18th of Fructidor, 8; commanding Army of the Rhine, 9; opposes N., 35; blunders in south-western Germany, 37; commanding in the Pyrenees, 37, 44; Jacobin candidate for supreme command, 94; fails to attend banquet at St. Sulpice, 101; offers services to N., 109; position on the Main, 190; dangerous position after Hohenlinden, 191; at Concordat celebration at Notre Dame, 215; victory at Castiglione, 323; created marshal, 323; plan of naval expedition for, 333; commanding in Germany, 364; exasperates the people of Ansbach, 416; near Coburg, 428; battle of Jéna, 429-431; at Golynim, iii. 4; strength in Poland, 7; in the Eylau campaign, 13, 14-17; wounded at Eylau, 17; created Duke of Castiglione, 86; income, 87; service in Spain, 283; in campaign of 1813, 402; battle of Leipsic, iv. 32; confronting Bubna at Geneva, 56; sent to Eugène's assistance, 56; waning loyalty of, 56, 59; repulses Bubna from Lyons, 67; moral exhaustion of, 72; letter from N., 72; driven back to Lyons, 81; strength, 94; incapacity, 94; evacuates Lyons, 94; N.'s kindness toward, 94; contrasted with Suchet, 94; strength, March, 1814, 102; available forces, 118; transfers allegiance to Louis XVIII, 133, 138; meeting with N. near Valence, 138; alleges patriotism as cause of his desertion, 138; attainted, 157; N.'s forgiveness for, 233. Augsburg, military movements near, iii. 203, 205. Augusta of Bavaria, marries Eugène de Beauharnais, ii. 399. Aujezd, military operations at, ii. 388. Aulic Council, i. 426, 430; ii. 160, 367. Austerlitz, battle of, ii. 379 et seq., 423; the lessons of, 391, 392; iii. 341; "the sun of," ii. 392; iii. 343; reception of the news in England, ii. 393; meeting of the sovereigns after, iii. 38; fruits of the battle, 109; Talleyrand's policy after, 125; N.'s terms after, 164; Alexander's pliableness after, 351; the battle compared with that at Leipsic, iv. 37; interview between Francis and N. at, 30. Austerlitz, Bridge of, in Paris, iii. 74. Austin, John, on the Napoleonic Code, ii. 223. Austria, hampered by alliances, i. 22; campaign against France, 65; France declares war against, 172, 187; relations (alliances and negotiations for mutual support) with Prussia, 174; ii. 389, 414; iii. 225, 235, 320, 331; captures Lafayette, i. 179; effect of military successes, 194; military operations against, in Piedmont, 213; partition of Poland, 220, 425; Masséna's campaign against, 243; opening of hostilities against, 243; enters Genoese territory, 245; cessation of operations against, 261; defeated at Weissenburg and Fleurus, 273; driven out of Alsace, 273; relations with England (alliances and negotiations with, and subsidies from), 277, 434; ii. 156, 160, 187, 188, 351, 358, 369; iii. 104, 165, 194, 195, 198, 225, 422; iv. 76, 145, 164; armistice between France and, i. 278; French schemes against, 293; defeated by Prussia, 325; hostility to France, 325; relations (alliances and negotiations for mutual support) with Russia, 325, 425; ii. 45, 61, 72, 312, 355, 357, 360, 363; iii. 178, 311, 328, 331, 385, 419; question of military operations against, i. 342; operations in Piedmont in 1794, 341; plans for overthrow of, 346; forces of, separated from Sardinians, 350; N. dictates terms to, at Leoben, 350; military operations in Lombardy, 352-362; defeated at Montenotte, 353; army separated from Piedmontese, 354; crushed at Lodi, 360, 361; violates Venetian neutrality, 361, 371; treaty with Venice, 371; outgeneraled by N. at Mantua, 372; the system of cabinet campaigning in vogue in, 378; interest in possession of Mantua, 379; losses in campaign before Mantua, 383; temporary cessation of hostilities between France and, 392; France's interest in the humiliation of, 398; military enthusiasm in, 406; fourth attempt to retrieve position in Italy, 406; Spain allied with France against, 421; precarious condition of foreign relations, 424; magnificence of her opposition to France, 426; covets Venetian territory, 428; reoccupies Triest and Fiume, 435; England blamed for trouble between France and, 435; treaty of Leoben, 436-441; seeks to retain Modena, 270; secures possession of Venetia, 437-442; ii. 38; proposes to recognize the French republic, i. 439; defeated by Hoche on the Rhine, 439, 440; rupture of the coalition with England, 441; N. offers Venice to, 446; influence of N. in, 448; desires restoration of the Milanese, 451; schemes of European reorganization, 451; iii. 22, 41, 50, 109, 195; Gen. Clarke's mission to, i. 451; releases Lafayette, 457; N. has free hand in negotiations with, ii. 7; final negotiations with, 10; activity of, 9; treaty of Campo Formio, 19-21; Carnot's desire for peace with, 19; Venice seeks to continue war with, 24; Congress of Rastatt, 27, 89, 191, 264; humiliation of, 37, 265, 440; iii. 104, 211, 213, 251, 254-256; attitude of Frederick the Great toward, ii. 41; acquisition of Swiss territory, 40; to be restrained from interference in Rome, 42; declines reciprocity with France, 42; favors secularization of ecclesiastical principalities, 41; disturbed feeling in, 42, 43; Bernadotte's embassy to, 42, 43, 51; France's demands on, concerning the Bourbons, 43; strained relations between France and, 43; alliance with Turkey, 72; violates the Helvetian Republic, 72; relations (strained or hostile) with Prussia, 86, 264, 361; iii. 21, 44; iv. 41, 57, 58; scheme to dismember Bavaria, ii. 88; military operations on the Adige, 91; military operations on the Rhine, 91, 93; joins the second coalition, 90, 136, 142, 143; defeats Masséna at Zürich, and Joubert at Novi, 93; incurs the ill-will of Paul I, 142, 193, 209; holdings in Italy, 145; duplicity with Russia, 145; Russia incensed at, 154; France's services to Prussia against, 154; military situation at beginning of 1800, 160; Moreau ordered to move against, 164; system of tactics pursued by, 165; defeated at Engen, 166; successes in Italy, 170; quality of her troops, 178; battle of Marengo, 178-185; negotiates for peace, 182, 187; agrees to evacuate northern Italy, 182; armistice between France and, 182, 188; interest to abandon England, 187; N. proposes general armistice to, 187; seeks concessions in Italy, 189; raises new troops, 188; N. determines to prosecute the war with, 189; position behind the Inn, 190; signs peace of Lunéville, 192; her line in Italy, as fixed at Lunéville, 193; armistice of Steyer, 192; battle of Hohenlinden, 192; signs separate peace, 192; loss of power, 194; the spiritual principalities in, 193; Russia's jealousy of, 194; aspirations concerning Bavaria, 194; ecclesiastical influence in, 264; share in redistributions of 1802, 265, 266; Ney's check on, 272; proposed occupation of Malta by, 285; N.'s preparations for striking, 291; truckles to France, 311; withdraws troops from Swabia, 311; acquiesces in creation of French empire, 320; represented at N.'s court at Aachen, 329; N.'s designs against, 334, 336, 347; recuperating, 347; pretext for war between France and, 352; Francis's title and powers curtailed, 352; the sanitary cordon, 355; popular dislike of Russia in, 355; Alexander's scheme for compensating, 355; apprehensions of losing Venice, 357; falls into N.'s trap, 358; army reforms, 358; mobilizes troops, 358; her ambitions, 358; her disarmament demanded, 361; N. threatens to march to Vienna, 361; abused in Paris newspapers, 361; declaration of war against, 362; declares war against France, Sept. 3, 1805, 363; strength, 363; her line of defense, 365; popular opinion of N. in, 366; capitulation of Ulm, 367; junction of troops at Marburg, 367; outgeneraled by N., 377; drives the Elector of Bavaria from Munich, 377; battle of Austerlitz, 381 et seq.; ill feeling between Russia and, 381; threatened with loss of Venetia and the Tyrol, 389; accepts N.'s terms for an armistice, 389; N.'s scheme to crush, 390; suspected bribery of Talleyrand by, 390; pays war indemnity to France, 390; cessions by, 390; acquires Salzburg and Berchtesgaden, 391; surrenders Venice to France, 390; losses at Austerlitz, 392; stripped of leadership, 394; neutralization of her power, 402; Francis I declares himself hereditary emperor, 404; protector of Ragusa, 405; demoralization of the army, 419; rehabilitation of, 440; neutrality between Russia and Turkey, 441; anxiety concerning Polish lands, 444; offer of Silesia to, 445; iii. 22; resolves on neutrality, ii. 445; Turko-Persian alliance against, iii. 20; N. proposes alliance with, 21, 22; hostile preparations, 21; proposal for a new coalition, 21; proposes to act as mediator, 22; shrewd attitude of, 23; throws troops on frontier of Galicia, 23; omitted from the Continental Olympus, 41; N.'s object to humiliate, 44; interest in Poland, 45; partition of, 49, 55; her position after Tilsit, 56; proposed commercial war against England, 55; offended dignity of, 65; treaty of Fontainebleau, Oct. 10, 1807, 104; outward subserviency to France, 104; N.'s attitude toward, 104; military reorganization of, 103, 164, 166, 198, 199; proposed neutralization of, 113; the situation in, 117; awakening of the national spirit in, 137; encouraged to revolt, 159, 163-165, 178; effect of the Bayonne negotiations on, 163 et seq.; hereditary rivalry with France, 164; belligerent tone in, 165, 178, 193, 195; necessity for her repression, 167; N. and Alexander remonstrate with, 167-169; N. proposes alliance with, 169; to be held in check by Russia, 169; compact between Russia and France against, 169; Russia urged to occupy part of, 177; transformation of, 192 et seq.; the German movement in, 193; opportunity to lead a revolt against N., 195; failure of negotiations with France, 198; change of plan of campaign, 198, 204; Napoleonic ideas in, 200; Archduke Charles's proclamations, 200; intoxicated with success, 201; the fifth war with, 202 et seq.; her aggressions, 213; extinguishment of her hopes in Italy, 215; claims the battle of Aspern, 223; losses at Wagram, 230; plague in her army, 237; to reduce her army, 238; cession of territory, 239; N.'s terms of peace, 239; N. contemplates alliance with, 238, 245, 249; reduced to a second-class power, 239, 251, 254, 255; desire to assassinate N. in, 240; recognizes N.'s acquisitions in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, 239; joins the Continental System, 239; N. chooses a matrimonial alliance with the House of, 246; necessity of placating, 254; good feeling toward France, 254; democratic tendencies in, 256; distribution of the lands taken from, 266; brought into the Napoleonic system, 268; bankruptcy of, 304; alliance with France, 310, 311; interest in stirring up strife between France and Russia, 313; pro-Russian party in, 313, 314; N.'s reply to Francis's request for assistance, 314; Alexander seeks the favor of, 316; foments hostile feeling between Russia and France, 316; seeks territorial aggrandizement at expense of Turkey, 316; contemplates neutrality, 320; overawed by N.'s preparations, 320; contributes troops to the French army, 320; stipulates for territorial enlargement, 320; furnishes troops for Russian campaign of 1812, 320; agricultural distress in, 328; acquires Galicia, 331; attitude of her troops toward Russia, 342; N. suspicious of, 382; narrow escape at Essling, 383; Alexander seeks alliance with, 384; value of her alliance to France, 390; Roman Catholic influence in, 390; proposed surrender of Illyria to, 392, 407, 415; hostility to N. in, 394, 395; Saxony turns toward, 394, 399; Metternich's diplomatic schemes for, 395; refuses to enter coalition against France, 396; N. offers to subsidize, 395; N. seeks aid from, to check Kutusoff, 395; proposes to act as mediator, 395, 407-411, 415, 416, 419, 420; wooed for the coalition, 398; secret agreement with Saxony, 399; rejects N.'s offer of Silesia, 400; hostile neutrality of, 403; N.'s attitude toward, 403; pivotal in European politics, 403, 409, 411; growing strength, 403, 419-423; abandoned by Saxony, 407; proposed surrender of Dalmatia to, 407; proposed rectification of her western frontier, 407; outwits N., 412, 424; iv. i, 13; gathers troops in Bohemia, iii. 413-414; the allies' reliance on, 415; fear of N., 415; Nesselrode demands her adherence to the coalition, 415; aggrandizement by royal marriages, 416; to be pledged never to side with France, 415; proposed enlargement of, 416; secret treaty of Reichenbach, 415, 418, 422; throws off the mask of mediator, 419; duplicity of, 419; regeneration of, 419; seeks to regain ascendancy in Germany and Italy, 423; N.'s agents in, 422; N. attempts to bribe, 423, 424; declares war, 423; Hamburg and Triest offered to, 424; takes the lead among the allies, iv. 6; strength, 6; N. seeks alliance with, 13, 17; saved by Schwarzenberg from invasion, 18; N. offers terms to, 21; scheme to restore status of 1805, 22; concludes alliance of Sept. 9, 1813, 22; seeks to regain predominance in Italy, 30; rise of her Prussian rival, 37; desires peace, 41; demands Italian territory, 41; at the Congress at Frankfort, 41; troops on the Rhine, 54-56; forms alliance with Murat, 56; the Czar's designs to check, 67; violates Swiss neutrality, 68; suspicious slowness of her movements, 68; eager for an armistice, 70, 71, 75; N. endeavors to separate Russia from, 75; treaty of Chaumont, 76; the triple alliance, 76; attitude toward N., 89; N.'s dread of capture of the Empress by, 91; party to the treaty of Fontainebleau (April, 1814), 133; weight of her yoke in Italy, 143; negotiates secret treaty with England and France, 145; invited to take part in the coronation of the King of Rome, 157; member of the Vienna Coalition, 164; quota of troops, 164; refuses help to France, 165; the campaign of the Hundred Days, 170 et seq.; claims the glory of annihilating N., 214; claims the right of overseeing the imprisonment of N., 215; loss of Italian territory, 300. Austria-Hungary, the rise of, iv, 299, 300. Austrian Netherlands, the, defeat of the French in, i. 172; the revolutionary spirit in, 187; Dumouriez's successes in, 194; French conquest, of, 273; surrendered to France, ii. 21. See also Belgium. Autun, N. at, i. 30, 46, 48-50; iv. 157; the Buonapartes at, i. 46; Talleyrand bishop of, ii. 33. Auxerre, military movements near, iv. 60; Imperial forces at, 102; Ney rejoins N. at, 157. Auxonne, N. at, i. 94, 96, 111, 112, 141, 144-147, 223; disturbances in, 111, 112, 152; N. seeks to be retained at, 149. Avignon, the Girondists at, i. 214; N. arrives before, 214; Jacobin siege of, 214; N.'s life at, 214, 215; annexed to France, 422; the Pope asks compensation for the loss of, ii. 216; lost to the Pope at the peace of Tolentino, 326; residence of Pius VII at, 391; Augereau's neglected guns at, iv. 94; plots to assassinate N. at, 138. Azanza, M. J. de, King Joseph's Spanish minister at Paris, iii. 282; Azara, Chevalier J. N. de, represents Spain at Amiens, ii. 262; at the Tuileries, March 13, 1803, 283. Azores, proposition to deport the Emperor to, iv. 145.