Illustrations
Reading edition
Group of prominent men, Bontoc pueblo
Sketch map of the Philippine Archipelago
Sketch map of northern Luzon
Sketch map of Bontoc culture area
Section of the last long climb from Cervantes to Bontoc
Tilud pass, east side
A glimpse of Igorot land
Ba-lu′-gan pueblo surrounded by rice sementeras
Pueblo of Sagada
The entrance to Bontoc pueblo
Ku-lo-ku′-lo of Mayinit pueblo
O-gang′-ga of Samoki pueblo
Ku-lo-ku′-lo of Mayinit pueblo
Bon-gao′ of Alap pueblo
Bo-da′-da of Samoki pueblo
U-dao′ of Bontoc pueblo
Young woman of Bontoc pueblo
Zag-tag′-an of Bontoc pueblo
Ka-nay′-u of Bontoc pueblo
Lang′-sa of Bontoc pueblo
Sĭt-li′-nĭn of Bontoc pueblo
Pĭt-ta′-pĭt of Bontoc pueblo
Girls of Bontoc pueblo
Blind woman of Bontoc pueblo
Blind Ta-u′-li of Samoki pueblo
Deformed feet of Bontoc men
Bontoc pueblo viewed from Samoki
Samoki pueblo viewed from Bontoc
Plat of Bontoc pueblo, showing ato divisions
Plat of section of a′-to Si-pa′-at
Pa-ba-fu′-nan of a′-to Fi′-lĭg
Fa′-wi of a′-to Si-pa′-at
Fa′-wi of a′-to Cho′-ko
O′-lâg
Bontoc dwelling, the fay′-ü
Timbers for a building seasoning in the mountains
Fay′-ü showing open door
Bontoc dwelling, the Kat-yu′-fong, a widow's house, showing pigpens which extend beneath it
“In the shade of the low, projecting roof”
“The mother who has come down with her babe on her back for an olla of water”
The baby tenders
Sam-kad′s' death chair
Pine coffins
The burial of Som-kad′
Bûg-ti′ with his wild-cock snare
Wire cock snare set, with lure cock in center
Wild-cat caught in the snare kok-o′-lâng
The bird snare Lĭng-ang′. (Snare set.) (Snare sprung.)
Trap fishing
Emptying the fish trap
Fisherman examining his ob-o′-fu
Rice sementeras at transplanting season
Banawi rice sementeras
A terrace wall
Women weeding a terrace wall at soil-turning season
Partial view of Bontoc irrigating works
The main dam, showing irrigation troughs beyond
River irrigation scheme
Irrigating ditch which feeds the troughs secured to the mountain side shown at the left
Turning the soil in a water-filed sementera, showing women transplanting rice
Mud-spattered soil turners
Soil turners tramping the turned soil smooth and soft
Bontoc camote beds
Men crossing the river with pig manure to fertilize the rice sementeras
Woman digging her final camote crop and working dead grass beneath the soil for fertilizer
The rice seed beds at transplanting time, with granaries immediately beyond
Women transplanting rice
The bird scarers, Ki′-lao, floating over a field of ripening rice
An outlook to guard against wild hogs
Harvesting the rice
Two harvesters
Camote harvest
Rice granaries
Bunches of palay curing on the roof of a dwelling
Granaries
Carrying home the camotes
Philippine carabaos
Bontoc pigpens
Cage in which fowls are shut at night
Hats and headband
(a) The bag pocket carried in front; (b) The rain hat
Cotton blankets woven by Igorot in the western part of the Bontoc area
Kambulo bark-fiber blankets
Woman spinning thread on her naked thigh
Lepanto Igorot woman weaving
Wooden “pig pails”
Gourd and wooden spoons
Samoki potters at the clay pit
Transporting clay from the pit to the pueblo
(a) Macerating the clays in a wooden mortar; (b) Beginning a pot
Shaping the rim of a pot
Expanding the bowl of a pot
Smoothing and finishing a sun-dried pot
Woman's large transportation basket and winnowing tray
Household baskets (sûg-fi′, fa-lo′-ko, ki′-ûg, ko′-lûg)
The traveling basket; so-called “head basket”
Bontoc shields
Bontoc shields
The Kalinga shields
Banawi shield, front and back
Bontoc war spears (fal-fĕg′)
Spears (fan′-kao and kay-yan′)
Bontoc battle-axes, with bajuco ferrules
Bontoc battle-axes, with steel ferrules
The Balbelasan or northern battle-ax
Agawa clay pipe maker
Agawa clay pipes. (Those in the lower row are finished.)
Finished Agawa clay pipes, with stems
Roll of beeswax and three wax pipe models
Metal pipe makers
Metal pipes. (The lower row shows poorly the “anito” pipe.)
Children paring camotes
Women threshing rice
Gourd for storing salt meats
Bamboo tube for carrying basi
Mayinit pueblo. (Long salt houses in the foreground.)
(a) Woman washing salt; (b) salt-incrusted rocks
Mayinit salt producer preparing salt cakes for baking
A cane-sugar mill
Methods of transportation
Man's transportation basket (ki-ma′-ta)
Woman's transportation baskets
Women burden bearers
(a) Tulubin men bringing home salt; (b) Samoki potters with ware
Mayinit women on the trail to Bontoc to sell palay
A ba′-si vender
Mak′-lan, a Bontoc warrior
Ko′-mĭs on war trail between Samoki and Tulubin
“Anito head” post in a Ko′-mĭs
The warrior's attack
Battle-axes
A head dance
Ceremonial rice threshing in Samoki pueblo during the celebration of a captured head
A fa′-wi, where skulls are kept
Soot-blackened human skulls from ato Sigichan
A beheaded human body on its way to burial
Burial of a beheaded man in Banawi
Man's headdress
An ear plug of sugar-cane leaves
Bead headdress
Woman's bustle-like girdle
Igorot woman, showing rolls of hair
The “switch” held in place by beads
A tattooed Bontoc man
Two well-done tattooes. (one man bears the jaw band and the other the cheek crosses.)
An elaborate tattoo
A simple tattoo
Bontoc woman's tattoo. (a) old; (b) new/Jenks
An elaborate Banawi tattoo
Tattoo of a Banawi woman
Gang′-sa, showing human-jaw handle
A dance, with contorting head-ax dancer in the center
A dance, with head-ax dancer at the right
The foundation of Lumawig's house in Bontoc
Sacred grove (Pa-pa-tay′ ad so-kok′)
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