LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. Order II. LONGIPENNES SKUA AND JAEGERS. Family STERCORARIIDAE (continued 7)

Page 420 Mockingbird. 703. Mockingbird. Mimus polyglottos polyglottos. Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States, north to New Jersey and Illinois. Dull greenish blue. These noted birds are very common in the south where they are found, and nest about houses in open woods, fields, and along roadways; their nests are rude, bulky structures of twigs, grasses, leaves, etc., placed in trees or bushes at low elevations; the three to five eggs are usually dull greenish blue, boldly spotted with brownish. Size .95 × .72. 703a. Western Mockingbird. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus. Range.--Southwestern United States from Texas to California, and southward. This subspecies is as common in its range, and its habits are the same as those of the eastern bird. The nests and eggs are identical with those of the last, and like that variety they frequently nest in odd places as do all common birds when they become familiar with civilization. Catbird. 704. Catbird. Dumetella carolinensis. Range.--North America, breeding from the Gulf States to the Saskatchewan; rare on the Pacific coast; winters in the Gulf States and southward. Bluish green. This well known mimic is abundant in the temperate portions of its range, frequenting open woods, swamps, hillsides and hedges. Their nests are usually low down in bushes or trees, and are constructed similarly to those of the Mockingbird, of twigs and rootlets; a tangled mass of vines and briers is a favorite place for them to locate their home. Their eggs are laid in the latter part of May or during June, and are from three to five in number and a bright bluish green in color, unmarked. Size .95 × .70.

Page 421 Brown Thrasher. 705. Brown Thrasher. Toxostoma rufum. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from the Gulf States north to Canada. Winters in the Gulf States and southward. Greenish white. This large, handsome songster is found breeding in just such localities as are preferred by the Catbird and the two are often found nesting in the same hedge or thicket. The nests, too, are similar but that of the Thrasher is usually more bulky; besides building in bushes they frequently nest on the ground, lining the hollow under some bush with fine rootlets. Their three to five eggs are laid during May or June; they are whitish or pale greenish white, profusely dotted with reddish brown. Size 1.05 × .80. 706. Sennett's Thrasher. Toxostoma longirostre sennetti. Range.--Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Greenish white. Very similar to the last but darker above and with the spots on the breast blacker and more distinct. This species which is very abundant in the Lower Rio Grande Valley nests the same as the last species in thick hedges and the eggs are very similar to those of the Brown Thrasher, but in a large series, average more sparingly marked over the whole surface and with a more definite wreath about the large end. 707a--708--710. Data.--Corpus Christi, Texas, May 12, 1899. Nest of twigs and vines in a bush in thicket. Six feet from the ground. 707. Curve-billed Thrasher. Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre. Range.--Mexico, north to southern Texas and eastern New Mexico. Bluish green. This species is a uniform ashy gray above and soiled white below; the bill is stout and decurved. These birds are as numerous in the Lower Rio Grande Valley as are the Sennett's Thrasher, frequenting thickets where they breed in scrubby bushes and cacti. Their nests are rather larger and more deeply cupped than are those of the last species and the eggs can easily be distinguished. They have a ground color of light bluish green, minutely dotted evenly all over the surface with reddish brown. Size 1.10 × .80. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, April 6, 1900. 5 eggs. Nest of sticks and thorns on a cactus in a thicket; 6 feet from the ground.

Page 422 707a. Palmer's Thrasher. Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri. Range.--Very abundant in southern Arizona and southward into Mexico. The nesting habits and eggs of these birds are exactly like those of the last; they show a preference for placing their nests of sticks and thorny twigs upon cacti at elevations below five feet from the ground. Like the last, they generally raise two broods a season. 708. Bendire's Thrasher. Toxostoma bendirei. Range.--Southern Arizona and Mexico; north locally to southern Colorado. Grayish white. This species is not as abundant in the deserts of southern Arizona as are the last species with which they associate. They nest at low elevations in mesquites or cacti, laying their first sets in March and early April and usually raising two broods a season; their three or four eggs are dull whitish, spotted and blotched with brownish drab and lilac gray. Size 1.00 × .72. Data.--Tucson, Arizona, April 15, 1896. Nest 3 feet up in a cholla cactus; made of large sticks lined with fine grasses. 709. San Lucas Thrasher. Toxostoma cinereum cinereum. Range.--Southern Lower California. Pale greenish white. This species is similar to curvirostre but the under parts are spotted with dusky. Their habits and nests are similar to those of the other Thrashers and the three or four eggs are pale greenish white, spotted with reddish brown. Size 1.08 × .75. Data.--Santa Anita, June 3, 1896. 3 eggs. Nest in a cactus. 709a. Mearns's Thrasher. Toxostoma cinereum mearnsi. Range.--Northern Lower California. This species is described as darker than the last and with larger, blacker spots on the breast and underparts. 710. California Thrasher. Toxostoma redivivum. Range.--Southern half of California, west of the Sierra Nevadas. Bluish green. This species is more brownish than the other curve-billed species and has a much longer and more curved bill. They are common in the under brush of hillsides and ravines, where they locate their nests at low elevations. Their nests are made of sticks and grass, lined with rootlets, and the three or four eggs are bluish green with spots of russet brown. Size 1.12 × .82. Data.--San Diego, Cal., Feb. 7, 1897. Nest of sticks and rootlets in a grease-wood bush 4 feet from the ground. Collector, Chas. W. Brown.

Page 423 711--712. 711. Leconte's Thrasher. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei. Range.--Desert regions of southwestern United States, chiefly in the valleys of the Gila and Colorado Rivers. Pale greenish blue. This species is much paler than the last and has a shorter bill. It is fairly common but locally distributed in its range and nests at low elevations in bushes or cacti. The three or four eggs are pale greenish blue, sparingly dotted with reddish brown. Size 1.10 × .75. Data.--Phoenix, Arizona, April 2, 1897. 3 eggs. Large nest of dry twigs, rootlets, etc., lined with bits of rabbit hair and feathers; 4 feet from the ground in a small shrub. 711a. Desert Thrasher. Toxostoma lecontei arenicola. Range.--Northern Lower California. This form of the last is said to differ in being darker above. It is a very locally confined race, chiefly about Rosalia Bay, Lower California. Its eggs will not be distinctive. 712. Crissal Thrasher. Toxostoma crissale. Pale greenish blue. Range.--Southwestern United States from western Texas to eastern California; north to southern Utah and Nevada. This species may be known from any other of the curve-billed Thrashers by its grayish underparts and bright chestnut under tail coverts. These sweet songsters are abundant in suitable localities, nesting at low elevations in chaparral. Their nests are large, and bulkily made of sticks and rootlets; the eggs range from two to four in number and are pale greenish blue, unmarked. Size 1.10 × .75. Cactus Wren. 713. Cactus Wren. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi. Range.--Southwestern United States from Texas to eastern California; north to southern Nevada and Utah. Creamy white. This species is the largest of the Wrens, being 8.5 inches in length. They are very common in cactus and chaparrel districts, where they nest at low elevations in bushes or cacti, making large purse-shaped structures of grasses and thorny twigs, lined with feathers and with a small entrance at one end. They raise two or three broods a year, the first set of eggs being laid early in April; the eggs are creamy white, dotted, so thickly as to obscure the ground color, with pale reddish brown. Size .95 × .65. Data.--Placentia, Cal., April 15, 1901. Nest in cactus about 6 feet from the ground; made of grasses and lined with feathers and rabbit fur; nest 8 inches in diameter, 18 inches long.

Page 424 Rock Wren. 713a. Bryant's Cactus Wren. Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti. Range.--Northern Lower California and coast of southern California. The nesting habits of this variety differ in no respect from those of the last. 713b. San Lucas Cactus Wren. Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis. Range.--Southern Lower California. Eggs indistinguishable from those of the last. 715. Rock Wren. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus. Range.--United States, west of the plains, breeding north to British Columbia, and south to Mexico; winters in southwestern United States and southward. white. This species appears to be quite abundant on rocky hillsides throughout its range; like most of the Wrens they draw attention to themselves by their loud and varied song. They nest in crevices or beneath overhanging rocks, making the nest out of any trash that may be handy, such as weeds, grass, wool, bark, rootlets, etc.; their eggs range from four to eight in number and are pure white, finely specked with reddish brown. Size .72 × .50. 716. Guadalupe Rock Wren. Salpinctes guadeloupensis. Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California. A similar but darker and browner species than the Rock Wren. It breeds in abundance throughout the island from which it takes its name, placing its nests in crevices among the boulders or cavities of fallen tree trunks and, as is often done by the last species, lining the pathway to the nest with small pebbles. The eggs, which are laid from January to April, resemble, in all respects, those of the common Rock Wren. 717. White-throated Wren. Catherpes mexicanus albifrons. Range.--Northeastern Mexico and the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. The habits of the White-throated Wren are the same as those of the Canon Wren, which variety is more common and better known; the eggs of this species are not distinguishable from those of the next.

Page 425 Carolina Wren. 717a. Canon Wren. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus. Range.--Rocky Mountain region and west to the Sierra Nevadas; north to Wyoming and Idaho and south to New Mexico and Arizona. The Canon Wrens are uniform rusty brown all over except the large sharply defined white throat patch; the underparts, wings and tail are barred with black, and the back is specked with white. Their name is well chosen for they are found abundantly in rocky canyons, ravines, and side hills. They nest in crevices or caves among the rocks, placing their nests in small niches; they are made of twigs, leaves, grasses and feathers, and the three to six eggs, which are laid from April to June according to locality, are white, sprinkled and blotched with reddish brown and lilac. Size .72 × .52. 717b. Dotted Canon Wren. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus. Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to Lower California. The habits and eggs of this coast form of the White-throated Wren do not vary in any particular from those of the preceding variety. White. 718. Carolina Wren. Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern New England and Illinois; resident in the greater part of its range. 717a--719a. These loud-voiced songsters are well known in the south where they are very abundant, being found along banks of streams, in thickets, along walls, or about brush heaps. They nest in almost any suitable nook or corner, in hollow trees or stumps, bird boxes, about buildings, and in brush or bushes. When in exposed positions, the nest, which is made of all sorts of trash, is arched over; the eggs, which are laid from March to June, and frequently later, as several broods are sometimes reared in a season, are white, profusely specked with light reddish brown and purplish. Size .74 × .60. 718a. Florida Wren. Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis. Range.--Southern Florida. A similar bird to the last but darker above and brighter below. Its eggs are not distinguishable from those of the last. 718b. Lomita Wren. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis. Range.--Southern Texas. This sub-species is abundant along the Lower Rio Grande in southern Texas, where its habits are the same as those of the others and the eggs are not distinctive.

Page 426 Bewick's Wren. 719. Bewick's Wren. Thryomanes bewicki bewicki. Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States, and the Mississippi Valley north to Minnesota and locally to the Middle States in the east. White. This species is not common on the Atlantic coast but in the interior it is the most abundant of the Wrens, nesting in holes in trees, stumps, fences, bird boxes, tin cans, etc., filling the cavities with grass and rootlets. Their eggs are laid in the latter part of April or May; they are white, specked and usually wreathed about the large end with reddish brown and purplish. Size .65 × .50. 719a. Vigors's Wren. Thryomanes bewicki spilurus. Range.--Pacific coast of California. This similar bird to the last has the same general habits and the eggs are not in any way different from those of Bewick's Wren. 719b. Baird's Wren. Thryomanes bewicki bairdi. Range.--Southwestern United States, from western Texas to eastern California and north to Colorado and Nevada. Like the two preceding Wrens, this one nests in natural or artificial cavities, and the four to seven eggs that they lay are precisely alike, in every respect, to those of the others. 719c. Texas Wren. Thryomanes bewicki cryptus. Range.--Texas, north in summer to western Kansas. A very abundant bird in Texas. Nesting habits not unusual nor eggs distinctive. 719d. San Diego Wren. Thryomanes bewicki charienturus. Range.--Coast of southern California. 719e. Seattle Wren. Thryomanes bewicki calophonus. Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to British Columbia. These last two sub-species have recently been separated from Vigors's Wren, but their habits and eggs remain the same as those of that variety. 719.1. San Clemente Wren. Thryomanes leucophrys. Range.--San Clemente Island, California. This species is similar to Vigors's Wren but is grayer and paler above. It is not peculiar in its nesting habits and the eggs are like those of bewicki. 720. Guadalupe Wren. Thryomanes brevicauda. Range.--Guadalupe Island. A very similar species to the Vigors's Wren; nesting habits and the eggs are not apt to differ in any respect.

Page 427 House Wren. 721. House Wren. Troglodytes aëdon. Range.--North America east of the Mississippi, breeding from the Gulf north to Manitoba and Ontario; winters in the southern half of the United States. Pinkish white. This familiar and noisy little Wren is the most abundant and widely distributed of the Wrens; they are met with on the edges of woods, swamps, fields, pastures, orchards and very frequently build about houses, in bird houses or any nook that may suit them; they fill the cavity of the place they may select with twigs, grass, feathers, plant down, etc., and lay from five to nine eggs in a set and frequently three sets a year. The eggs are pinkish white, very profusely and minutely dotted with pale reddish brown so as to make the egg appear to be a nearly uniform salmon color and with a wreath of darker spots about the large end. Size .65 × .52. Data.--Gretna, N. Y., May 29, 1896. Nest three feet from the ground in cavity of an apple tree; made of twigs and grass, and lined with hair and feathers. 721a. Western House Wren. Troglodytes aëdon parkmani. Range.--United States, from the Mississippi Valley to eastern California. This variety is grayer above and below than the eastern form, but its habits and eggs do not differ in any respect. 722. Winter Wren. Nannus hiemalis hiemalis. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from northern United States northward, and south in the Alleghanies to North Carolina; winters in the United States. White. These are the smallest of the Wrens, being but four inches in length; they have a very short tail which, like those of the others, is carried erect over the back during excitement or anger. They are very sly birds and creep about through stone walls and under brush like so many mice; they have a sweet song but not as loud as that of the House Wren. Their nests are placed in crevices of stumps, walls, old buildings or in brush heaps, being made of twigs and leaves, lined with feathers. Their eggs, which are laid during May or June, are pure white, finely and sparingly dotted with reddish brown; size .60 × .48.

Page 428 Winter Wren. 722a. Western Winter Wren. Nannus hiemalis pacificus. Range.--Western North America from the Rockies to the coast, north to Alaska. This species is much browner both above and below and is more heavily barred than the last; its habits and eggs are like those of hiemalis. 722b. Kadiak Winter Wren. Nannushiemalis helleri. Range.--Kadiak Island, Alaska. Said to be slightly larger and paler than pacificus. 723. Alaska Wren. Nannus alascensis. Range.--Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, Alaska. 723--723.1--725a. White. Larger and paler than the Western Winter Wren. The habits of this species are similar to those of the eastern Winter Wren; they nest between boulders and in crevices of rocks or stumps, making their nests of moss and rootlets, lined with feathers. The eggs are like those of the Winter Wren but slightly larger; size .65 × .51. 723.1. Aleutian Wren. Nannus meliger. Range.--Western Aleutian Islands to Alaska. Very similar to the above, both in song and general habits. They nest in the crevices of rocks or between boulders, making their nests of rootlets and grass, lining it with hair and feathers. Usually six eggs are laid, white with a few specks of brown (.58 × .46). 724. Short-billed Marsh Wren. Cistothorus stellaris. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to Manitoba and Maine. White. This species does not appear to be as common anywhere as is the Long-billed variety, whose habits and nests are similar. They nest in or on the borders of marshes, and nests being globular structures of grasses, lined with hair, and with the entrance on the side; they are attached above the ground or water in marsh grass or reeds. Their eggs, which number from six to eight, are pure white; size .64 × .48.

Page 429 Short-billed Marsh Wren. Long-billed Marsh Wren. 725. Long-billed Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris palustris. Range.--United States east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf north to Manitoba and New England; winters in southern United States. Pale brown. These birds are very abundant in suitable localities throughout their range, breeding in colonies in large marshes and in smaller numbers in small marshy places. Their nests are similar to those of the last, being globular and attached to cat-tails or reeds; the entrance is a small round hole in the side of the rush-woven structures and the interior is neatly finished with fine grass and hair. They lay from five to eight eggs of a pale chocolate color, dotted and spotted with darker shades of the same; size .64 × .45. Data.--Delray, Mich., May 27, 1900. Six eggs. Nest a ball of woven flags and grasses, lined with cat-tail down, and attached to rushes in salt marsh over two feet of water. Collector, Geo. W. Morse. 725a. Tule Wren. Telmatodytes palustris paludicola. Range.--Western United States on the Pacific coast; north to British Columbia. The nesting habits and eggs of these birds are in all respects like those of the last. 725b. Worthington's Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris griseus. Range.--Coast of South Carolina and Georgia. The habits and eggs of this paler form are identical with those of palustris. 725c. Western Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Range.--United States west of the Rockies, except the Pacific coast; north to British Columbia. This variety is like the Tule Wren but slightly paler; its nesting habits and eggs are the same. 725.1. Marian's Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris marianæ. Range.--West coast of Florida. This species is similar to the Long-billed variety but is darker and more barred above and below. Its nests and eggs will not be found to differ materially from those of the others of this genus.

Page 430 CREEPERS. Family CERTHIIDÆ Brown Creeper. 726. Brown Creeper. Certhia familiaris americana. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from the northern tier of states northward; winters in the United States. White. These peculiar, weak-voiced Creepers are common in northern United States during the winter, when they may be seen slowly toiling up the tree trunks, searching the crannies of the bark for larvae. They make their nests behind loose hanging bark on old tree stubs, usually at low elevations, building them of twigs, bark, moss, etc., held together with cobwebs. The eggs, which are laid in May or June, are pure white, specked and spotted with reddish brown; they average in size .58 × .48. The nests are most often found under the loosened bark on coniferous trees. [Illustration: ] 726a. Mexican Creeper. Certhia familiaris albescens. Range.--Western Mexico north to southern Arizona. The nesting habits of this brighter colored form are the same as those of the others. 726b. Rocky Mountain Creeper. Certhia familiaris montana. Range.--Rocky Mountains, breeding from New Mexico to Alaska. The eggs of this grayer variety cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern birds and the nests are in similar situations. 726c. California Creeper. Certhia familiaris occidentalis. Range.--Pacific coast from southern California north to Alaska. An abundant species, especially on mountain ranges, breeding behind the bark chiefly on pine trees. The eggs are not different from those of the others. 726d. Sierra Creeper. Certhia familiaris zelotes. Range.--Sierra Nevada Mountains in California and the Cascade Range in Oregon. Very similar to the last and with the same habits; eggs indistinguishable.

Page 431 NUTHATCHES AND TITS. Family SITTIDÆ White-breasted Nuthatch. 727. White-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis carolinensis. Range.--United States east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada; resident throughout its range. White. These birds are creepers, but unlike the last species, these run about on the trunks, either up or down; their tails are not pointed and stiffened like those of the Brown Creepers, and their plumage is gray and black above with a black crown, and white below. They nest in holes in trees, usually deep in the woods and at any elevation from the ground; they nearly always use deserted Woodpeckers' holes but are said at times to excavate their own, with great labor as their bills are little adapted for that work. They line the cavities with bark strips and hair or feathers, and during April or May, lay from four to nine white eggs, profusely specked with reddish brown and lilac. Size .80 × .60. Data.--Lancaster, Mass., May 16, 1902. Nest in hole in an oak tree, 45 feet above ground; made of fine strips of bark fibre and hair. 727a. Slender-billed Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis aculeata. Range.--North America, west of the Rockies and from Mexico to British Columbia. This species is as abundant in the west as the last is in the east, and nests in like situations. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern birds. 727b. Florida White-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi. Range.--Florida and the South Atlantic coast to South Carolina. The habits and eggs of these birds are like those of the northern ones. 727c. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni. Range.--Rocky Mountains from Mexico north to British Columbia. Their nesting habits or eggs are not distinctive in any respect. 727d. San Lucas Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis lagunæ. Range.--Mountain ranges of Lower California. Said to be like aculeata but with the wings and tail slightly shorter.

Page 432 Red-breasted Nuthatch. 728. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. Range.--North America, breeding from the northern tier of states northward, and farther south in mountain ranges; winters south to southern United States. White. This species is smaller than the last and has reddish brown underparts and a black stripe through the eye. The breeding habits are the same as those of the White-bellied variety, but these birds almost invariably coat the tree below the opening with pitch, for what purpose is unknown. They lay from four to six white eggs, numerously spotted with reddish brown; size, .60 × .50. Data.--Upton, Maine, June 21, 1898. Nest in hole of dead birch stub, 20 feet from the ground; made of strips of bark and a few feathers. 5 eggs. 729. Brown-headed Nuthatch. Sitta pusilla. Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States. White. This species has a yellowish brown crown and whitish underparts. Their habits are like those of the other Nuthatches, they nesting in cavities at varying heights, from two to fifty feet from the ground. That they sometimes depart from the usual custom is evidenced by the data accompanying this egg. They lay from four to seven eggs, white with profuse markings of reddish brown; size .60 × .48. Data.--St. Mary's, Ga. Nest situated under the bark of an old dead pine stump, 4 feet from the ground; made of fine strips of bark. Brown-headed Nuthatch. 730. Pygmy Nuthatch. Sitta pygmæa pygmæa. Range.--North America west of the Rockies, breeding from Mexico north to British Columbia. Resident throughout its range. White. This species has an olive gray crown bordered by dusky, the back is ashy blue and the underparts soiled white or rusty. They are common in mountains of western United States, nesting in holes in trees the same as the other species of Nuthatches. They lay from five to nine eggs which are white, speckled thickly with reddish brown; size .60 × .50. Data.--Huachuca Mts., Arizona, May 25, 1901. Nest in cavity (10 inches deep) in dead pine stump about 15 feet from the ground; composed of a mass of vegetable down; altitude 9000 feet.

Page 433 Tufted Titmouse. Black-crested Titmouse. 730a. White-naped Nuthatch. Sitta pygmæa leuconucha. Range.--Lower California. Like the last but grayer above and white below. Its habits and eggs are the same as those of the Pygmy Nuthatch. 731. Tufted Titmouse. Bæolophus bicolor. Range.--Eastern United States, resident and breeding from the Gulf north to New York and Illinois. White. This species has a grayish crest and upper parts, and is white beneath with brownish sides and black forehead. These common and noisy birds nest in natural cavities in trees or in holes deserted by Woodpeckers; they may be found at any elevation, from two to thirty feet from the ground. They line the bottom of the cavity with leaves, bark, fibres and hair, and during April or May lay five to eight white eggs, plentifully specked with reddish brown. Size .74 × .54. 732. Black-crested Titmouse. Bæolophus atricristatus atricristatus. Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and southward. White. This Titmouse has a black crest and the forehead is white; otherwise similar to the preceding. Like the last, these birds nest in deserted Woodpeckers' holes and natural cavities in trees, either in open woods or in the vicinity of habitations. Their eggs are sparsely spotted with reddish brown, and not usually distinguishable from those of the Tufted Titmouse. Size .70 × .54. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, May 11, 1892. Nest of moss, hair, down and wool in cavity in tree in open woods near town; 4 feet from the ground.

Page 434 733--734. 733. Plain Titmouse. Bæolophus inornatus inornatus. Range.--California and Oregon west of the Sierra Nevadas. White. This common, slightly crested Titmouse is grayish brown above and grayish white below. They nest anywhere in cavities that meet with their approval, about old buildings, in fence posts, etc., as well as holes in trees. Their eggs range from five to eight in number and are white, usually spotted with pale brownish. Size .72 × .52. Data.--Tulare Co., California, April 3, 1895. Nest in an oak tree, 32 feet from the ground, in a natural cavity of a horizontal limb; composed of grasses, feathers and fur. 733a. Gray Titmouse. Bæolophus inornatus griseus. Range.--Southeastern United States, from Colorado and Nevada southward. The nesting habits of this gray Titmouse are just the same as those of the other. 733b. Ashy Titmouse. Bæolophus inornatus cineraceus. Range.--Southern Lower California. The habits of this variety are the same as those of the Plain Titmouse and doubtless the eggs are also. 734. Bridled Titmouse. Bæolophus wollweberi. White. Range.--Mexico north to southern Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas. This handsome species is quite abundant in the mountains of southern Arizona, and nests in woods or about ranches, lining the cavities of trees with moss, down, leaves, etc. The three to seven eggs that they lay are pure white, unmarked. Size .65 × .52. Data.--Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, April 5, 1901. Nest in the natural cavity of a live oak, 12 feet from the ground; cavity lined with bark and feathers. Chickadee. Carolina Chickadee. 735. Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from the Middle and Central States northward to Labrador; only migratory to a slight extent. White. The Chickadee is too well known to need any description; suffice it to say that they are the favorites, with everybody, among all the North American birds. They breed in holes in trees in orchards or woods, and also in bird boxes. I have found by far the greater number in decayed birch stubs. They line the cavities with fine grasses and feathers, and during May or June lay from five to eight white eggs, dotted with reddish brown; size .55 × .45.

Page 435 735b--737--738. 735a. Long-tailed Chickadee. Penthestes ataricapillus septentrionalis. Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia. This variety is very similar to the last but has a slightly longer tail and the colors are purer. Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from those of the eastern Chickadee. 735b. Oregon Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus occidentalis. Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska. The habits and eggs of this slightly darker variety are just the same as those of the common Chickadee of the east. 736. Carolina Chickadee. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis. Range.--Southern United States from the Gulf to New Jersey and Illinois. White. The southern Chickadee is smaller than the northern and the wing coverts and feathers have little or no white edgings. Their nesting habits are in every particular the same as those of atricapillus and the eggs cannot be distinguished with certainty, but average smaller; size .53 × .43. 736a. Plumbeous Chickadee. Penthestes carolinensis agilis. Range.--Eastern and central Texas. This variety is said to be more plumbeous above and much whiter below than the preceding. No differences can be found in the eggs of the two varieties and the nesting habits are the same. 737. Mexican Chickadee. Penthestes sclateri. Range.--Mountains of western Mexico north to southern Arizona. This species has the black more extended on the throat and the under parts are grayish of a lighter shade than the upper, the cheeks, however, remaining white. Their nests are in hollow stubs and the eggs are indistinguishable from those of the foregoing Chickadees. 738. Mountain Chickadee. Penthestes gambeli gambeli. Range.--Rocky Mountain region and west to the Pacific; north to British Columbia chiefly in higher ranges. White. This handsome little Titmouse has a white superciliary line, leaving a black stripe through the eye. Their habits are like those of the other Chickadees and they are equally confiding and inquisitive. Their eggs range from five to eight in number and are either pure white or faintly marked with reddish brown; size .60 × .45. Data.--Estes Park, Colorado, June 8, 1803. Nest in an old Sapsucker's hole in a live aspen tree, 28 feet from the ground; cavity lined with hair and fur.

Page 436 Hudsonian Chickadee. 739. Alaska Chickadee. Penthestes cinctus alascensis. Range.--Northern Alaska and eastern Siberia. This bird, which is most like the Hudsonian Chickadee, nests in the usual manner and its eggs are like those of the common Chickadee of the east. 740. Hudsonian Chickadee. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus. Range.--Western half of British America. White. These brown capped Chickadees are very abundant throughout the northwest and are even tamer than our United States varieties. They usually make their nests at low elevations in dead and decayed stumps and line the bottom of the cavity, which varies from three to eight inches in depth, with moss and fur. Their eggs, which they lay in May, June or July, are white, specked with reddish brown and cannot with any certainty be distinguished from those of the Black-capped Chickadees, the eggs of all the species showing considerable variations; size .60 × .45. 740a. Acadian Chickadee. Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis. Range.--Kowak River, northwest Alaska. A larger and grayer form of the last species; nesting habits and eggs not differing. 740b. Columbian Chickadee. Penthestes hudsonicus columbianus. Range.--Rocky Mountains from northern United States to Alaska. Like hudsonicus but with the crown slaty instead of brownish. No difference can be distinguished either in their habits or eggs. 740c. Canadian Chickadee. Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis. Range.--Eastern half of Canada and northern New England and New York. These birds were formerly hudsonicus in company with the western ones, but they are now supposed to be a trifle smaller and with the crown duller; this division does not affect the similarity of their habits and eggs.

Page 437 741. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. Penthestes rufescens rufescens. Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to Alaska. White. This species is similar to the Hudsonian in having a brown crown and black throat, but has in addition, a chestnut colored back and sides. They breed locally in Oregon, more commonly in Washington and are abundant in British Columbia, making the nests of animal fur in holes in dead stubs. Their eggs vary in number from five to eight and are creamy white, dotted with reddish; size .60 × .45. Data.--Dayton, Oregon, May 28, 1906. Nest of hair and fur in willow stub, 10 feet up. 741a. California Chickadee. Penthestes rufescens neglectus. Range.--Coast regions of California. This variety is not as rufous on the sides as the more northern one. Its habits and eggs are the same. 741b. Barlow's Chickadee. Penthestes rufescens barlowi. Range.--About Monterey Bay, California. This variety is said to have no rusty on the flanks. Its habits and eggs are like those of the others. 742a. Pallid Wren-Tit. Chamæa fasciata henshawi. Range.--Interior of California from Lower California to the Sacramento Valley. This duller colored variety has the same nesting habits and similar eggs to those of the Coast Wren-tit. 742b. Coast Wren-Tit. Chamæa fasciata fasciata. Range.--Pacific coast from southern California north to Oregon. White. These peculiar brownish gray colored birds frequent the tangled underbrush of ravines and mountain sides where they lead the life of a recluse. They nest at low elevations in the densest thickets, making them of twigs, strips of bark, grasses and feathers, compactly woven together and located in bushes from one to four feet from the ground. They lay from three to five plain, unmarked, pure white eggs; size .75 × .54. Data.--Wrights, Cal. Nest in a tangle of vines in a deep ravine; composed of strips of bark, moss and grasses, lined with cattle hair; a bulky nest. 743. Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus minimus minimus. Range.--Pacific coast of northern California, Oregon and Washington. White. These diminutive little birds build nests that are marvels of architecture, making long purse-like structures, suspended from twigs usually at low elevations from the ground. The nests are made of moss, lichens, fibres, ferns and grasses and lined with feathers or wool; the opening is on one side near the top, and a typical nest averages 12 inches in length, by 4.5 inches in diameter at the bottom and 3 at the top. Their eggs number from four to nine and are pure white; size .54 × .40. The birds are very active and have the same habits as the Chickadees, being seen often suspended, head downward, from the ends of twigs, in their search for insects.

Page 438 743a. California Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus minimus californicus. Range.--California with the exception of the northern part. This sub-species, which is like the last but with a lighter brown head, has the same habits, nests in the same manner and its eggs are not distinguishable from those of the others. 743b. Grinda's Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus minimus grindæ. BUSH-TIT AND NEST. Range.--Southern Lower California. The nesting habits of this variety, which is very similar to the last, do not vary in any respect; eggs indistinguishable. 744. Lead-colored Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus plumbeus. Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Wyoming south to Arizona. This species suspends its semi-pensile nests in bushes or trees, and some times from the mistletoe, which grows on numerous trees in southern Arizona. The nests are composed like those of the Cal. Bush-Tit and range from 6 to 10 inches in length. The eggs are white, five or six in number and measure .55 × .42. 745. Lloyd's Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi. Range.--Northern Mexico north into western Texas and New Mexico. This species is similar to the lead-colored Bush-Tit but has the ear coverts glossy black. Like the others, it builds a long pensile nest of similar material and suspended from the extremities of limbs near the ground The five to seven eggs are pure white. Size .58 × .42.

Page 439 Verdin. 746. Verdin. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps. Range.--Mexican border of the United States, north to Colorado and Nevada. Greenish blue. This Bush-Tit has a bright yellow head and throat, the upper parts being gray and the belly, white. They are abundant in chaparral brush, locally throughout their range. Their large globular nests are situated in bushes at low elevations from the ground, and are made of twigs and weeds, softly lined with fur and feathers. Their three to six eggs are pale greenish blue, specked and dotted with reddish brown. Size .58 × .44. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, May 8, 1894. Large nest of sticks and thorns, lined with hair and feathers, and located in a bush in brush thicket, 8 feet from the ground. 746a. Cape Verdin. Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus. Range.--Lower California. This new sub-species is said to have shorter wings and tail, and also to be brighter yellow on the head. Its habits and eggs will not differ from those of the common Verdin or Yellow-headed Bush-Tit. WARBLERS, KINGLETS and GNATCATCHERS. Family SYLVIIDÆ 747. Kennicott's Willow Warbler. Acanthopneuste borealis. Range.--Asia, casually found in Alaska. White. This species breeds in the extreme northern parts of Asia, and I believe its eggs have never been found on this continent. They build their nests of moss and grasses, on the ground in open woods, concealing them under tufts of grass or tussocks of earth. The three to five eggs are white, spotted with pale reddish brown. Size .70 × .50. 748. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa satrapa. Range.--North America, breeding from northern United States northward, and south in the Rockies to Mexico, and in the Alleghanies to the Carolinas; winters throughout the United States. Gray. This rugged little fellow appears to be perfectly content in our northern states even during the most severe winters and leaves us early in the spring for his breeding grounds farther north. They are usually found in company with Chickadees and, like them, may be seen hanging to twigs in all sorts of positions as they search for their meagre fare. Their nests are large, round structures of green moss, bark strips and fine rootlets, very thickly lined with soft feathers; these are placed in forks or partially suspended among the branches of spruce trees, usually high above the ground. During June they lay from five to ten eggs of a dull whitish or grayish color, spotted heavily with pale brown and lilac. Size .55 × .42.

Page 440 Golden-crowned Kinglets. 748a. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulas satrapa olivaceus. Range.--Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. This variety is said to be brighter colored than the last; its habits and eggs are the same in all particulars. 749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Regulus calendula calendula. White. Range.--North America, breeding from the northern border of the United States northward, and farther south in mountain ranges; winters in southern United States. This little bird is of the size of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (4.25 inches long) and has a partially concealed patch of red on the crown, not bordered by black and yellow as is the last species. Their nests are similar in construction to those of the last species and are situated in coniferous trees at any altitude from the ground. Their four to nine eggs are creamy white, finely specked with reddish brown. Size .56 × .44. NEST AND EGGS OF BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER.

Page 441 Ruby-crowned Kinglet. 749a. Sitka Kinglet. Regulas calendula grinnelli. Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Alaska. Said to be brighter than the preceding variety. 749b. Dusky Kinglet. Regulus calendula obscurus. Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California. This species nests during March in the large cypress and pine groves at high elevations above the ground. The nests are similar in construction to those of the common Ruby-crown, and the eggs are scarcely different from some specimens of that species; white, dotted and wreathed with reddish brown. Size .56 × .43. 751. Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher. Polioptila cærulea cærulea. Range.--United States, east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to the Middle and Central States; casually north to Massachusetts and Minnesota. These graceful birds are bluish gray above with a black forehead and central tail feathers, and white underparts. They are common in wooded districts in the south, where they saddle their beautiful nests upon horizontal branches or in crotches usually at quite an elevation from the ground; they resemble large Ruby-throated Hummers' nests but the walls are much higher and thicker; they are made of plant fibres and down, lined with cottony substances and hair, and covered on the outside with lichens to match the limb upon which it is placed. Bluish white. Their eggs are bluish white, specked with reddish chestnut. Size .58 × .45. Data.--Chattanooga, Tenn., April 30, 1900. Nest of moss, covered with lichens and lined with hair and feathers; 20 feet from the ground in a small tree. 751a. Western Gnatcatcher. Polioptila cærulea obscura. Range.--Western United States and Lower California. The habits and eggs of this sub-species are the same as those of the eastern bird, and the nests do not differ except, perhaps, in less ornamentation of the exterior. 752. Plumbeous Gnatcatcher. Polioptila plumbea. Range.--Mexican boundary from western Texas to southern California. Greenish blue. This species has a bright shining black crown and more black on the tail than the eastern Gnatcatcher. They saddle their nests upon the branches of trees or in upright forks, usually at an elevation of ten feet or more from the ground; the nests are made of plant fibres and fine bark strips, compactly felted together, and with little, if any, ornamental lichens on the exterior. Their eggs are pale greenish blue, spotted with reddish brown, and vary from three to five in number. Size .54 × .44.

Page 442 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. 753. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. Polioptila californica. Range.--Pacific coast of southern California and northern Lower California. Grayish white. This bird is very similar to the last but has still less white on the outer tail feathers. Like the last, the nests of this species usually lack the exterior covering of lichens, being made of vegetable fibres and plant down, firmly quilted together and saddled on horizontal limbs or placed in forks of trees at any height from the ground. Their eggs are grayish white, specked with bright reddish brown. Size .55 × .44. Data.--Escondido, Cal., May 17, 1903. 5 eggs. Nest on a large limb of a sycamore, 30 feet above ground; made of weed fibres, etc., lined with hair and fine fibres. THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. Family TURDIDAE 754. Townsend's Solitaire. Myadestes townsendi. Range.--Western United States, breeding from Arizona, New Mexico and southern California north to British Columbia. Grayish white. This unique species is of a uniform brownish gray color, with a white eye ring, narrow bar on wing, and outer tail feathers, and with the bases of the primaries rusty colored. It is a ground inhabiting bird, feeding upon insects and berries in shrubbery and thickets. Their song is said to be liquid, melodious and often long continued, equaling that of any other bird. They nest on the ground in hollows under banks or crevices about roots of trees or fallen stumps, making a large, loosely constructed pile of weeds and trash, hollowed and lined with rootlets. The three or four eggs, which are laid in June, are grayish white, spotted with pale brown, chiefly or most abundantly about the large end. Size .96 × .70. 755. Wood Thrush. Hylocichla mustelina. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from North Carolina and Kansas north to northern United States; winters south of our borders. Greenish blue. This Thrush with his brightly spotted breast is the most handsome of this group of musical birds. They are common in damp woods and thickets, in which places they breed, placing their nests of straw, leaves and grasses in low trees usually between four and ten feet from the ground; their nests are often very rustic, being ornamented by pieces of paper and twigs with dead leaves attached hanging from the sides of the quite bulky structures. During May or June they lay three or four greenish blue eggs of about the shade of a Robin's. Size 1.05 × .70.

Page 443 Wood Thrush. 756. Veery. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in the northern half of its United States range and in the southern British Provinces. The Veery is very abundantly distributed in woodland, either moist or dry, and nests on the ground or within a very few inches of it, usually placing its structures of woven bark strips and grasses, in the midst of a clump of sprouts or ferns. The three or four eggs which they lay in May or June are bluish green, much darker than those of the Wood Thrush, and nearly the color of those of the Catbird. Size .90 × .65. 756a. Willow Thrush. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola. Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia. The nests and eggs of this similar bird do not differ from those of the last. 757. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Hylocichla aliciæ aliciæ. Range.--Breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south to Central America. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are very similar to those of the following sub-species and the same description will answer for both. 757. Bicknell's Thrush. Hylocichla aliciæ bicknelli. Wilson's Thrush. Range.--Breeds in the Catskills, White Mountains and Nova Scotia. Greenish blue. These birds, which are practically identical with the preceding, build their nests at low elevations in trees, usually evergreens when present, making them of twigs, moss and rootlets, lined with fine grasses. The eggs, which are laid during May or June, are pale greenish blue, spotted and blotched with pale brown or russet. Size .88 × .64. Data.--Seal Island, Nova Scotia, June 3, 1901. Nest of green moss and rootlets, in a spruce, 5 feet from the ground. 758. Russet-backed Thrush. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata. Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Oregon and Alaska; winters in Central America. This species is very abundant in moist thickets throughout its range, nesting in bushes and low trees, and making them of weed stalks, bark strips, grasses and moss, lined with fine black rootlets.

Page 444 WOOD THRUSH.

Page 445 Gray-cheeked Thrush. Olive-backed Thrush. They are found at elevations of from two to ten feet above the ground. Like the Wood Thrush the birds are tame while sitting on the nest and will allow a very close approach, without taking alarm; nests are frequently found which are made almost entirely out of green moss and are very handsome structures. Greenish blue. Their three to five eggs are laid in May or June; they are greenish blue, spotted with brown of varying shades. Size .92 × .65. Data.--Eureka, California, July 6, 1899. Nest in a fir tree, 5 feet from the ground; made of moss and strips of redwood bark. 4 eggs. 758a. Olive-backed Thrush. Hylocichla swainsoni. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the United States, but locally in the northern parts, and abundantly in mountain ranges. The nesting habits and eggs of this eastern representative of the last species are like those of that bird in all respects and the eggs cannot be distinguished from those of ustulatus. 758b. Olive-Backed Thrush. Hylocichla œdica. Range.--California and southern Oregon. Nesting habits and eggs identical with those of ustulatus. 759. Alaska Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata guttata. Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska. Winters in Mexico. The Hermit Thrushes can readily be identified from any other by the reddish brown tail which is in marked contrast to the color of the back. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are precisely like those of the eastern Hermit Thrush, which is a sub-species of this. 759a. Audubon's Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Winters in Central America. The nesting habits of this bird are like those of the next except that it more frequently nests in bushes above the ground. The eggs are not distinctive.

Page 446 Hermit Thrush. 759b. Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata pallasi. Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in northern United States and north to Labrador; winters in southern United States. Bluish green. This species, which is noted for its sweet and musical song, frequents damp swamps and thickets where it builds its nest either on the ground or near it, like that of the Wilson Thrush; it is made of shreds of bark, grasses, leaves and rootlets, lined with fine rootlets; the three or four eggs, which are deposited in May or June, are bluish green and cannot, with certainty, be distinguished from those of the Veery; size .85 × .65. 759c. Dwarf Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata nanus. Range.--Pacific coast of United States, from Washington, southward. The nesting habits and eggs of this slightly smaller and duller colored variety are like those of the other Hermit Thrushes. 760. Red-winged Thrush. Turdus musicus. Range.--An Old World species, accidentally straying to Greenland. This common European bird nests at low elevations in bushes or trees, laying four or five bluish green eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size 1.05 × .75. American Robin. 761. Robin. Planesticus migratorius migratorius. Range.--North America east of the Rockies, breeding from the middle portions of the United States, north to the Arctic Ocean. Greenish blue. These common birds nest in trees about houses, in orchards, open woods, in corners of fences, on blinds on houses, and in fact almost every conceivable position. Their nests are made of grasses, firmly cemented together with mud and lined with finer grasses; when placed in trees they are generally firmly saddled in crotches and may be found at any height, from on the ground to sixty feet above it. Their eggs are greenish blue; size 1.15 × .80. Eggs may be found at any time from May until July or August as they raise several broods a season.

Page 447 761b. Southern Robin. Planesticus migratorius achrusterus. Range.--The Carolinas and Georgia. The eggs of this bird, which is said to be smaller and duller colored than the northern variety, show no differences in any respect. 762. San Lucas Robin. Planesticus confinis. Range.--Southern Lower California. This is a very much paler form of the American Robin; its eggs probably will not differ from those of the others. NEST AND EGGS OF ROBIN.

Page 448 Wheatear. 763. Varied Thrush. Ixoreus nævius nævius. Range.--Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska; south to Mexico in winter. Greenish blue. These handsome birds breed abundantly in Alaska and locally in mountain ranges south to northern California. They nest at low elevations in trees, making them of moss, twigs, weeds and grasses, forming a flat shallow structure. Their eggs are greenish blue sharply but sparingly spotted with dark brown; size 1.12 × .80. Data.--Delta of Kowak River, Alaska, June 11, 1899. Four eggs. Nest 12 feet from the ground, against the trunk of a slender spruce and supported by a clump of stiff twigs. 763a. Northern Varied Thrush. Ixoreus nævius meruloides. Range.--Interior of western North America, breeding from British Columbia to Alaska. Its habits and eggs do not differ from those of the last. 764. Siberian Red-spotted Bluethroat. Cyanosylvia suecica robusta. Range.--Northern Asia; casually to Alaska. This beautiful foreigner nests on the ground and lays four to six greenish blue eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size .75 × .50. 765. Wheatear. Saxicola œnanthe œnanthe. Range.--Asia; casual in Alaska in summer; nesting habits and eggs like the next. 765a. Greenland Wheatear. Saxicola œnanthe leucorhoa. Pale greenish blue. Range.--Europe and Greenland; casual on the Atlantic coast of North America. This very abundant Old World species is a common breeding bird in Greenland and probably also in Labrador. They nest in crevices of quarries, holes in the ground, or stone walls, making a rude nest of weeds, moss or grasses, lined with hair or feathers, and during May lay from four to six pale greenish blue eggs; size .90 × .60.

Page 449 BLUEBIRD.

Page 450 766. Bluebird. Sialia sialis sialis. Bluebird. Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada. Winters in the southern half of the United States. Bluish white. These familiar birds build in cavities in trees, usually below 20 feet from the ground, crevices among ledges, bird boxes and in any suitable nook they may discover about buildings, providing that English Sparrows do not molest them. They raise several broods a year, commencing in April when they lay from three to six pale bluish white eggs (rarely pure white); size .80 × .60. The cavities of their nesting sites are lined with grasses and feathers usually, although I have found the eggs on the unlined bottom of cavities in trees. 766a. Azure Bluebird. Sialia sialis fulva. Range.--This pale variety is found in southern Arizona and southward. Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from the last. [Illustration: ] 767. Western Bluebird. Sialia mexicana occidentalis. Range.--Pacific coast from Lower California to British Columbia. The Western Bluebird is as common and familiar in its range as the common Bluebird is in the east. It nests in similar locations and its eggs are scarcely distinguishable, although averaging a trifle darker in shade; size .80 × .60. 767a. Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Sialia mexicana bairdi. Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Wyoming. The nesting habits or eggs of this brighter colored bird do not differ from those of the last species. 767b. San Pedro Bluebird. Sialia mexicana anabelæ. Range.--San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California. The eggs of this variety will not in all probability be any different from those of the preceding Bluebirds. 768. Mountain Bluebird. Sialia currucoides. Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding from New Mexico north to Great Slave Lake; winters in southwestern United States and Mexico. This azure blue species is common in the greater part of its range and is found west to the Sierra Nevadas in California. Like the eastern Bluebird they nest in holes in trees or anywhere that they can find a suitable cavity or crevice. Their eggs are slightly larger than those of the other Bluebirds and have a slight greenish tint; size .85 × .64.

INDEX

Page 451 Acanthis hornemanni............... 328 " exilipes........ 328 linaria......................... 329 " holbœli.................. 329 " rostrata................. 329 Acanthopneuste borealis........... 430 Accipiter cooperi................. 205 velox........................... 204 Actitis macularia................. 158 Æchmophorus occidentalis.......... 11 Æegialitis dubia.................. 166 hiaticula....................... 166 meloda.......................... 166 mongola......................... 167 nivosa.......................... 167 semipalmata..................... 165 Aeronautes melanoleucus........... 270 Æstrelata fisheri................. 67 hasitata........................ 67 scalaris........................ 67 Aethia cristatella................ 25 " pygmaea.................... 25 " pusilla.................... 26 Agelaius gubernator californicus.. 317 phœniceus....................... 316 " bryanti............... 316 " caurinus.............. 316 " floridanus............ 316 " fortis................ 316 " neutralis............. 316 " sonoriensis........... 316 tricolor........................ 317 Aimophila carpalis................ 353 ruficeps........................ 353 " eremœca................ 353 " scotti................. 353 " sororia................ 353 Aix sponsa........................ 95 Ajaja ajaja....................... 115 Alauda arvensis................... 297 Alaudidæ.......................... 297 Albatross, Black-footed........... 59 Laysan.......................... 60 Short-tailed.................... 59 Sooty........................... 60 Yellow-nosed.................... 60 Alca torda........................ 31 Alcedinidæ........................ 247 Alcidæ............................ 21 Alle alle......................... 34 Aluconidæ......................... 227 Alucopratincola................... 227 Amzillis cerviniventris chalconota 279 tzacatl......................... 278 Ammodramus bairdi................. 338 savannarum australis............ 338 " bimaculatus.......... 338 " floridanus........... 340 Amphispiza belli.................. 351 nevadensis cinerea.............. 352 " nevadensis........... 352 bilineata bilineata............. 351 " deserticola........... 351 Anas platyrhynchos................ 88 fulvigula fulvigula............. 90 " maculosa.............. 91 rubripes........................ 90 Anatidæ........................... 87 Anhinga........................... 77 anhinga......................... 77 Anhingidæ......................... 77 Ani............................... 241 Grove-billed.................... 243 Anous stolidus.................... 57 Anser albifrons albifrons......... 108 " gambeli........... 108 fabalis......................... 108 Anseres........................... 87 Anthus cervinus................... 419 pratensis....................... 418 rubescens....................... 418 spraguei........................ 419 Antrostomus carolinensis.......... 263 vociferus vociferus............. 263 " macromystax........... 264 Aphelocoma californica californica 307 Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca.. 307 " obscura.... 307 cyanea.......................... 306 cyanotis........................ 307 insularis....................... 307 sieberi arizonæ................. 307 " couchi.................. 308 texana.......................... 307 woodhousei...................... 306 Aphriza virgata................... 169 Aphrizidæ......................... 169 Aquila chrysætos.................. 215 Aramidæ........................... 129 Aramus vociferus.................. 129 Archibuteo ferrugineus............ 215 lagopus sancti-johannis......... 214 Archilochus alexandri............. 273 " colubris.............. 273

Page 452 Arctonetta fischeri............... 102 Ardea cinerea..................... 122 " herodias.................... 121 " fannini............ 121 " wardi.............. 122 " occidentalis................ 121 Ardeidæ........................... 119 Arenaria interpres interpres...... 169 melanocephala................... 170 morinella....................... 169 Arquatella maritima couesi........ 146 ptilocnemis..................... 147 maritima maritima............... 146 Arremonops rufivirgatus........... 357 Asio accipitrinus................. 229 " flammeus..................... 229 " wilsonianus.................. 227 Astragalinus lawrencei............ 331 psaltria psaltria............... 331 tristis tristis................. 329 " pallidus................ 331 " salicamans.............. 331 Astur atricapillus atricapillus... 205 " striatulus..... 207 Asturina plagiata................. 214 Asyndesmus lewisi................. 257 Atthis morcomi.................... 278 Auk, Great...................... 33-32 Razor-billed.................... 31 Auklet, Cassin's.................. 24 Crested......................... 26 Least........................... 27 Paroquet........................ 26 Rhinoceros...................... 23 Whiskered....................... 26 Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps..... 439 " lamprocephalus.. 439 Avocet............................ 139 Bæolophus atricristatus atricrista- tus.......................... 433 bicolor......................... 433 inornatus inornatus............. 434 " cineraceus............ 434 " griseus............... 434 wollweberi...................... 434 Baldpate.......................... 92 Bartramia longicauda.............. 156 Basilinna leucotis................ 279 xantusi......................... 279 Becard, Xantus's.................. 280 Bittern........................... 119 Cory's Least.................... 120 Least........................... 120 Blackbird, Bicolored.............. 317 Brewer's........................ 322 Red-winged...................... 316 Rusty........................... 322 Tricolored...................... 317 Yellow-headed................... 315 Bluebird.......................... 448 Azure........................... 448 Chestnut-backed................. 450 Mountain........................ 450 San Pedro....................... 450 Western......................... 450 Bluethroat Siberian Red-spotted... 448 Bobolink.......................... 314 Bob-white......................... 175 Florida......................... 175 Masked.......................... 175 Texan........................... 175 Bombycilla cedrorum............... 375 garrula......................... 375 Bombycillidæ...................... 375 Bonasa umbellus umbellus.......... 180 " sabini............ 182 " togata............ 182 " umbelloides....... 182 Booby............................. 75 Blue-faced...................... 74 Blue-footed..................... 74 Brewster's...................... 75 Red-footed...................... 75 Botaurus lentiginosus............. 119 Brachyramphus brevirostris........ 27 craveri's....................... 28 hypoleucus...................... 27 marmoratus...................... 27 Brant............................. 111 Black........................... 111 Branta bernicla glaucogastra...... 111 canadensis canadensis........... 109 " hutchinsi............ 109 " minima............... 109 " occidentalis......... 109 leucopsis....................... 112 Branta nigricans.................. 111 Bubo virginianus virginianus...... 235 " elachistus....... 237 " pacificus........ 235 " pallescens....... 235 " saturatus........ 235 " subarticus....... 235 Budytes flavus alascensis......... 418 Buffle-head....................... 100 Bullfinch, Cassin's............... 325 Bulweria bulweri.................. 67 Bunting, Beautiful................ 367 Indigo.......................... 366 Lark............................ 369 Lazuli.......................... 366 McKay's Snow.................... 333 Painted......................... 367 Pribilof Snow................... 332

Page 453 Snow............................ 332 Varied.......................... 367 Bush-Tit.......................... 437 California...................... 438 Grinda's........................ 438 Lead-colored.................... 438 Lloyd's......................... 438 Buteo abbreviatus................. 211 albicaudatus sennetti........... 212 borealis borealis............... 208 " calurus..................... 208 " harlani..................... 209 " krideri..................... 208 brachyurus...................... 213 lineatus lineatus............... 209 " alleni...................... 209 " elegans..................... 211 platypterus..................... 213 swainsoni....................... 212 Buteonidæ......................... 201 Butorides virescens virescens..... 124 " anthonyi............ 125 " frazari............. 125 Buzzard, Turkey................... 199 Calamospiza melanocorys........... 369 Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus... 333 " alascensis......... 333 ornatus......................... 334 pictus.......................... 334 Calidris leucophæa................ 151 Callichelidon cyaneoviridis....... 374 Callothrus robustus............... Callipepla squamata squamata...... 176 " castanogastris...... 177 Calothorax lucifer................ 278 Calypte anna...................... 275 costæ........................... 275 Campephilus principalis........... 249 labradorius..................... 101 Camptostoma imberbe............... 296 Canachites canadensis canadensis.. 179 " canace............. 179 " osgoodi............ 179 franklini....................... 180 Canvas-back....................... 97 Caprimulgidæ...................... 263 Caracara, Audubon................. 224 Guadalupe....................... 224 Cardellina rubrifrons............. 417 Cardinal.......................... 363 Arizona......................... 363 Florida......................... 364 Gray-tailed..................... 364 San Lucas....................... 363 Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis.. 363 " canicaudus......... 364 " floridanus.......... 364 Cardinalis igneus................. 363 " superbus........... 363 Carpodacus amplus................. 326 cassini......................... 326 mcgregori....................... 326 mexicanus clementis............. 326 " frontalis.......... 326 " ruberrimus........ 326 purpureus purpureus............... 325 " californicus........ 325 Casarca ferruginea................ 93 Catbird........................... 420 Catharista urubu.................. 199 Cathartes aura septentrionalis.... 199 Cathartidæ........................ 198 Catherpes mexicanus albifrons..... 424 " conspersus.......... 425 " punctulatus......... 425 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semi- palmatus..................... 155 semipalmatus inornatus.......... 156 Centrocercus urophasianus......... 188 Centurus aurifrons................ 258 carolinus....................... 257 uropygialis..................... 258 Cepphus columba................... 29 grylle.......................... 28 mandti.......................... 29 Cerorhinca monocerata............. 23 Certhia familiaris albescens...... 430 " americana............. 430 " montana............... 430 Certhia familiaris occidentalis... 430 " zelotes................ 430 Certhiidæ......................... 430 Ceryle alcyon..................... 247 americana septentrionalis....... 249 torquata........................ 247 Chachalaca........................ 191 Chæmepelia passerina terrestris... 195 " pallescens......... 195 " bermudiana......... 195 Chætura pelagica.................. 269 vauxi........................... 270 Chamæa fasciata fasciata.......... 437 " henshawi................ 437 Chamæthlypis poliocephala......... 413 Charadriidæ....................... 161 Charadrius apricarius............. 163 dominicus dominicus............. 163 " fulvus...................... 163 Charitonetta albeola.............. 100 Chat, Long-tailed................. 413 Yellow-breasted................. 413 Chaulelasmus streperus............ 91 Chen cærulescens.................. 107 hyperboreus hyperboreus......... 107

Page 454 Chen hyperboreus Nivalis.......... 107 rossi........................... 108 Chewink........................... 358 Chickadee......................... 434 Acadian......................... 436 Alaska.......................... 436 Barlow's........................ 437 California...................... 437 Carolina........................ 435 Chestnut-backed................. 437 Hudsonian....................... 436 Long-tailed..................... 435 Mexican......................... 435 Mountain........................ 435 Oregon.......................... 435 Plumbeous....................... 435 Chondestes grammacus grammacus.... 342 strigatus....................... 342 Chordeiles acutipennis texensis... 268 virginianus virginianus......... 266 " chapmani................... 266 " henryi...................... 266 " sennetti.................... 268 Chuck-will's widow................ 263 Ciconiidæ......................... 118 Cinclidæ.......................... 419 Cinclus mexicanus unicolor........ 419 Circus hudsonius.................. 204 Cistothorus stellaris............. 428 Clangula clangula americana....... 99 islandica....................... 99 Coccyges.......................... 241 Coccyzus americanus americanus.... 244 " occidentalis.......... 246 erythrophthalmus................ 246 Cœreba bahamensis................. 385 Cœrebidæ.......................... 385 minor minor..................... 244 " maynardi.................... 244 Colaptes auratus auratus.......... 258 " luteus................ 259 cafer collaris.................. 259 Colaptes cafer saturatior......... 259 chrysoides...................... 262 rufipileus...................... 262 Colinus ridgwayi.................. 175 virginianus..................... 175 " floridanus.................. 175 " texanus.................... 175 Columba fasciata fasciata......... 192 " vioscæ................. 192 flavirostris.................... 192 leucocephala.................... 192 squamosa........................ 192 Columba........................... 192 Columbæ........................... 192 Columbidæ......................... 192 Colymbidæ......................... 11 Colymbus auritus.................. 13 dominicus brachypterus.......... 15 holbœlli........................ 11 nigricollis californicus........ 13 Compsothlypis americana ameri cana......................... 390 americana usneæ................. 390 nigrilora....................... 391 Conuropsis carolinensis........... 241 Coot.............................. 136 European........................ 136 Cormorant......................... 79 Baird's......................... 82 Brandt's........................ 82 Double-crested.................. 79 Farallon........................ 81 Florida......................... 81 Mexican......................... 81 Pelagic......................... 82 Red-faced....................... 82 Violet-green.................... 82 White-crested................... 81 Corvidæ........................... 300 Corvus brachyrhynchos brachy- rhynchos.................. 312 brachyrhynchos pascuus.......... 312 corax principalis............... 311 " sinuatus............... 311 cryptoleucus.................... 311 ossifragus...................... 312 Cotingidæ......................... 280 Cowbird........................... 314 Dwarf........................... 315 Red-eyed........................ 315 Cracidæ........................... 191 Crake, Corn....................... 135 Spotted......................... 133 Crane, Little Brown............... 127 Sandhill........................ 129 Whooping........................ 127 Creciscus jamaicensis............. 134 coturniculus.................... 134 Creeper, Brown.................... 430 California...................... 430 Mexican......................... 430 Rocky Mountain.................. 430 Sierra.......................... 430 Crex Crex......................... 135 Crossbill......................... 327 Mexican......................... 327 White-winged.................... 327 Crotophaga ani.................... 241 sulcirostris.................... 243 Crow.............................. 312 Carrion......................... 199 Fish............................ 312

Page 455 Florida......................... 312 Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni... 232 acadica acadica................. 232 " scotæa...................... 232 Cuckoo, Black-billed.............. 246 California...................... 246 Kamchatka........................ 246 Mangrove........................ 244 Maynard's....................... 244 Yellow-billed................... 244 Cuculidæ.......................... 241 Cuculus canorus telephonus........ 246 Curlew, Bristle-thighed........... 160 Eskimo.......................... 160 Hudsonian....................... 159 Long-billed..................... 159 Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus....... 313 Cyanolæmus clemenciæ.............. 271 Cyanocitta cristata cristata...... 303 " florincola.......... 303 stelleri stelleri............... 303 " annectens................... 306 " carlottæ.................... 306 " diademata................... 303 " frontalis................... 303 Cyanosylvia suecica robusta....... 448 Cyanthus latirostris.............. 279 Cypseloides niger borealis........ 268 Cyrtonyx montezumæ mearnsi........ 178 Dafila acuta...................... 94 Daption capense................... 67 Darters........................... 77 Dendragapus obscurus obscurus..... 178 " fuliginosus........ 178 " richardsoni....... 179 Dendrocygna autumnalis............ 113 bicolor......................... 113 Dendroica æstiva æstiva........... 392 " rubiginosa........... 392 " sonorana............ 292 auduboni auduboni............... 395 " nigrifrons.................. 395 bryanti castaneiceps............ 394 castanea........................ 398 cærulea......................... 396 cærulescens cærulescens........, 394 " cairnsi..................... 394 chrysoparia..................... 402 coronata........................ 395 discolor........................ 407 dominica albilora............... 401 dominica dominica............... 401 fusca........................... 399 graciæ.......................... 401 kirtlandi....................... 404 magnolia........................ 396 nigrescens...................... 402 occidentalis.................... 404 palmarum palmarum............... 405 " hypochrysea................. 405 pensylvanica.................... 398 striata......................... 399 tigrina......................... 391 townsendi....................... 403 vigorsi......................... 405 virens.......................... 403 Dichromanassa rufescens........... 123 Dickcissel........................ 368 Diomedea albatrus................. 59 immutabilis..................... 60 nigripes........................ 59 Diomedeidæ........................ 59 Dipper............................ 419 Dolichonyx oryzivorus............. 314 Dotterel.......................... 161 Dove, Bermuda Ground.............. 195 Blue-headed Quail............... 196 Ground.......................... 195 Inca............................ 196 Key West Quail.................. 196 Mexican Ground.................. 195 Mourning........................ 193 Ruddy Quail..................... 196 White-fronted................... 195 White-winged.................... 195 Zenaida......................... 194 Dovekie........................... 34 Dowitcher......................... 144 Long-billed..................... 145 Dryobates arizonæ................. 252 borealis........................ 252 nuttalli........................ 252 pubescens pubescens............. 251 " gairdneri.................. 251 " homorus.................... 251 " medianus................... 251 " nelsoni.................... 251 " turati...................... 251 scalaris bairdi................. 252 " lucasanus.................. 252 villosus villosus............... 250 " auduboni.................... 250 " harrisi..................... 250 " hyloscopus................. 250 " leucomelas................. 250 " monticola.................. 250 " picoideus.................. 250 Duck, Black....................... 90 Florida......................... 90 Harlequin....................... 101 Labrador........................ 101 Lesser Scaup.................... 98 Masked.......................... 106 Mottled......................... 91

Page 456 Ring-necked..................... 98 Ruddy........................... 106 Rufous-crested.................. 95 Scaup........................... 97 Wood............................ 95 Dumetella carolinensis............ 420 Dunlin............................ 149 Eagle, Bald....................... 217 Golden.......................... 215 Gray Sea........................ 217 Northern Bald................... 217 Ectopistes migratorius............ 193 Egret............................. 122 Reddish......................... 123 Snowy........................... 122 Egretta candidissima candidissima. 122 Eider............................. 103 King............................ 104 Northern........................ 102 Pacific......................... 103 Spectacled...................... 102 Steller's....................... 102 Elanoides forficatus.............. 201 Elanus leucurus................... 201 Empidonax difficilis cineritius... 294 difficilis difficilis........... 293 flaviventris.................... 293 fulvifrons pygmæus.............. 296 griseus......................... 296 hammondi........................ 295 minimus......................... 295 trailli trailli................. 294 " alnorum..................... 295 virescens....................... 294 wrighti......................... 295 Ereunetes mauri................... 151 pusillus........................ 150 Erismatura jamaicensis............ 106 Erolia ferruginea................. 149 Eudromias morinellus.............. 161 Eugenes fulgens................... 271 Euphagus carolinus................ 322 cyanocephalus................... 322 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus............ 150 Falco æsalon...................... 221 columbarius columbarius......... 220 " suckleyi.................... 220 fusco-cærulescens............... 221 islandus........................ 218 mexicanus....................... 219 peregrinus anatum............... 220 " pealei...................... 220 " peregrinus................. 219 richardsoni..................... 220 rusticolus rusticolus........... 218 " gyrfalco.................... 218 " obsoletus................... 219 sparverius sparverius........... 222 " peninsularis................ 222 " phalœna..................... 221 sparveroides.................... 222 " tinnunculus................. 221 Falcon Aplomado................... 221 Peale's......................... 220 Peregrine....................... 219 Prairie......................... 219 Finch, Aleutian Rosy.............. 327 Black Rosy...................... 328 Brown-capped Rosy............... 328 California Purple............... 325 Cassin's Purple................. 326 Gray-crowned Rosy............... 328 Guadalupe House................. 326 Hepburn's Rosy.................. 328 House........................... 326 McGregor's House................ 326 Purple.......................... 325 San Clemente House.............. 326 San Lucas House................. 326 Flamingo.......................... 115 Flicker........................... 258 Gilded.......................... 262 Guadalupe....................... 262 Northern........................ 259 Northwestern.................... 259 Red-shafted..................... 259 Florida Cœrulea................... 124 Flycatcher, Acadian............... 294 Alder........................... 295 Arizona Crested................. 286 Ash-throated.................... 286 Beardless....................... 296 Buff-breasted................... 296 Coues's......................... 291 Crested......................... 285 Derby........................... 284 Fork-tailed..................... 280 Gray............................ 296 Hammond's....................... 295 Least........................... 295 Lower California................ 287 Flycatcher, Mexican Crested..... 286 Olivaceous...................... 287 Olive-sided..................... 290 San Lucas....................... 294 Scissor-tailed.................. 281 Sulphur-bellied................. 285 Traill's........................ 294 Vermilion....................... 296 Western......................... 293 Wright's........................ 295 Yellow-bellied.................. 293 Fratercula arctica arctica........ 22 " naumanni............ 23

Page 457 corniculata..................... 23 Fregata aquila.................... 86 Fregatidæ......................... 86 Fregetta grallaria................ 71 Frigate Bird...................... 86 Fringillidæ....................... 324 Fulica americana.................. 136 atra............................ 136 Fulmar............................ 62 Giant........................... 62 Pacific......................... 63 Rodgers's....................... 63 Slender-billed.................. 63 Fulmarus glacialis glacialis...... 62 " glupischa............. 63 rodgersi........................ 63 Gadwall........................... 91 Gallinæ........................... 175 Gallinago delicata................ 143 gallinago....................... 140 meda............................ 143 Gallinula galeata................. 136 Gallinule, Florida................ 136 Purple.......................... 135 Gannet............................ 76 Gavia adamsi...................... 18 arctica......................... 18 immer........................... 18 stellata........................ 19 pacifica........................ 19 Gaviidæ........................... 17 Gelochelidon nilotica............. 50 Geococcyx californianus........... 243 beldingi........................ 413 trichas arizela................. 412 " trichas..................... 412 " arizela...................... 412 " ignota...................... 412 " occidentalis................ 412 " sinousa..................... 412 Geotrygon chrysia................. 196 montana......................... 196 Glaucidium gnoma californicum..... 239 " gnoma............... 239 hoskinsi........................ 239 phalænoides..................... 240 Glottis nebularia................. 152 Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed......... 442 Blue-gray....................... 441 Plumbeous....................... 441 Western......................... 441 Godwit, Black-tailed.............. 152 Hudsonian....................... 152 Marbled......................... 151 Pacific......................... 152 Golden-eye........................ 99 Barrow's........................ 99 Goldfinch......................... 329 Arkansas........................ 331 Black-headed.................... 331 Lawrence's...................... 331 Pale............................ 331 Willow.......................... 331 Goose, American White-fronted..... 108 Barnacle........................ 112 Bean............................ 108 Blue............................ 107 Canada.......................... 109 Cackling........................ 109 Emperor......................... 112 Greater Snow.................... 107 Hutchins's...................... 109 Ross's.......................... 108 Snow............................ 107 White-cheeked................... 109 White-fronted................... 108 Goshawk........................... 205 Mexican......................... 214 Western......................... 207 Grackle, Boat-tailed.............. 323 Bronzed......................... 323 Florida......................... 323 Great-tailed.................... 324 Purple.......................... 323 Grassquit......................... 368 Melodious....................... 368 Grebe, Eared...................... 13 Holbœll's...... .............. 11-12 Horned........................ 12-13 Least........................... 15 Pied-billed................... 15-16 Mexican......................... 15 Western......................... 11 Greenshank........................ 152 Grosbeak, Alaska Pine............. 325 Black-headed.................... 365 Blue............................ 366 California Pine................. 325 Evening......................... 324 Kadiak Pine..................... 325 Pine............................ 324 Rocky Mountain Pine............. 325 Rose-breasted................... 365 Western Blue.................... 366 Western Evening................. 324 Grouse............................ Canada Ruffed................... 182 Columbian Sharp-tailed.......... 187 Dusky........................... 178 Franklin's...................... 180 Gray Ruffed..................... 182 Oregon Ruffed................... 182 Prairie Sharp-tailed............ 187 Richardson's.................... 179

Page 458 Ruffed.......................... 180 Sharp-tailed.................... 187 Sooty........................... 178 Gruidæ............................ 127 Grus americana.................... 127 canadensis...................... 127 mexicana........................ 129 Guara alba........................ 117 rubra........................... 117 Guillemot, Black.................. 28 Mandt........................... 29 Pigeon.......................... 29 Guiraca cærulea................... 366 " lazula................. 366 Gull, Bonaparte's................. 48 California...................... 45 Franklin's...................... 48 Glaucous........................ 40 Glaucous-winged................. 42 Great Black-backed.............. 43 Heerman's....................... 46 Herring......................... 44 Iceland......................... 41 Ivory........................... 39 Kittiwake....................... 39 Kumlien......................... 42 Laughing........................ 47 Little.......................... 49 Mew............................. 46 Nelson.......................... 42 Pacific Kittiwake............... 40 Point Barrow.................... 41 Red-legged Kittiwake............ 40 Ring-billed..................... 45 Ross's.......................... 49 Sabine's........................ 49 Short-billed.................... 46 Siberian........................ 44 Slaty-backed.................... 43 Vega............................ 45 Western......................... 44 Gymnogyps californianus........... 198 Gyrfalcon......................... 218 Black........................... 219 Gray............................ 218 White........................... 218 Hæmatopodidæ...................... 170 Hæmatopus bachmani................ 171 frazari......................... 171 ostralegus...................... 170 palliatus....................... 170 Haliæetus albicilla............... 217 leucocephalus leucocephalus..... 217 " alascanus................... 217 Halocyptena microsoma............. 68 Harelda hyemalis.................. 100 Hawk, Black Pigeon................ 220 Broad-winged.................... 213 Cooper's........................ 205 Cuban Sparrow................... 222 Desert Sparrow.................. 221 Duck............................ 220 Florida Red-shouldered.......... 209 Harlan's........................ 209 Harris's........................ 207 Krider's........................ 208 Marsh........................... 204 Mexican Black................... 213 Pigeon.......................... 220 Red-bellied..................... 211 Red-shouldered.................. 209 Red-tailed...................... 208 Richardson's Pigeon............. 220 Rough-legged.................... 214 Sennett's White-tailed.......... 212 Sharp-shinned................... 204 Short-tailed.................... 213 Sparrow......................... 222 San Lucas Sparrow............... 222 Swainson's...................... 212 Western Red-tail................ 208 Zone-tailed..................... 211 Heath Hen......................... 186 Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis 424 " couesi.............. 423 " bryanti............. 424 Helinaia swainsoni................ 386 Helmitheros vermivorus............ 386 Helodromas ochropus............... 155 solitarius solitarius........... 154 " cinnamomeus................ 155 Herodias egretta.................. 122 Herodiones........................ 115 Heron, Anthony's Green............ 125 Black-crowned Night............. 126 European........................ 122 Frazar's Green.................. 125 Great Blue...................... 121 Great White..................... 121 Green........................... 124 Little Blue..................... 124 Louisiana....................... 123 Northwestern Coast.............. 121 Snowy........................... 122 Ward's.......................... 122 Yellow-crowned Night............ 126 Heteractitis incanus.............. 156 Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina 324 vespertina montana.............. 324 Himantopus mexicanus.............. 139 Hirundinidæ....................... 372 Hirundo erythrogastra............. 373

Page 459 Histrionicus histrionicus......... 101 Honey Creeper, Bahama............. 385 Hummingbird, Allen's.............. 277 Anna's.......................... 275 Black-chinned................... 273 Blue-throated................... 271 Broad-billed.................... 279 Broad-tailed.................... 276 Buff-bellied.................... 279 Calliope........................ 278 Costa's......................... 275 Lucifer......................... 278 Morcom's........................ 278 Reiffer's....................... 278 Rivoli's........................ 271 Ruby-throated................... 273 Rufous.......................... 276 White-eared..................... 279 Xantus's........................ 279 Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis.... 123 Hydrochelidon leucoptera.......... 57 nigra surinamensis.............. 56 Hylocichla aliciæ aliciæ.......... 443 " bicknelli........... 443 fuscescens fuscescens........... 443 " salicicola................. 443 guttata auduboni................ 445 " guttata..................... 445 " mustelina................... 442 " nanus....................... 446 " pallasi..................... 446 ustulata swainsoni.............. 445 " ustulata.................... 443 Ibididæ........................... 117 Ibis, Glossy...................... 118 Scarlet......................... 117 White........................... 117 White-faced Glossy.............. 118 Wood............................ 118 Icteria virens virens............. 413 " longicauda............. 413 Icteridæ.......................... 314 Icterus melanocephalus auduboni... 319 bullocki........................ 322 cucullatus nelsoni.............. 320 " sennetti.................... 320 galbula......................... 321 parisorum....................... 320 spurius......................... 321 Ictinia mississippiensis.......... 202 Ionornis martinicus............... 135 Iridoprocne bicolor............... 373 Ixobrychus exilis................. 120 neoxenus........................ 120 Ixoreus nævius meruloides......... 448 " nævius................. 448 Jabiru............................ 119 Jabiru mycteria................... 119 Jacana, Mexican................... 172 spinosa......................... 172 Jacanidæ.......................... 172 Jæger, Long-tailed................ 37 Parastic........................ 37 Pomarine........................ 36 Jay, Alaska....................... 309 Arizona......................... 307 Belding's....................... 307 Black-headed.................... 306 Blue............................ 303 Blue-eared...................... 307 Blue-fronted.................... 303 California...................... 307 Canada.......................... 308 Couch's......................... 308 Florida......................... 306 Florida Blue.................... 303 Gray............................ 311 Green........................... 308 Labrador........................ 309 Long-crested.................... 303 Oregon.......................... 309 Pinon........................... 313 Queen Charlotte................. 306 Rocky Mountain.................. 309 Santa Cruz...................... 307 Steller's....................... 303 Texas........................... 307 Woodhouse's..................... 306 Xantus's........................ 307 Junco aikeni...................... 348 Arizona......................... 350 Baird's......................... 351 bairdi.......................... 351 Carolina........................ 350 Guadalupe....................... 351 hyemalis hyemalis............... 349 hyemalis carolinensis........... 350 " mearnsi.................... 350 " connectens................. 349 " montanus................... 350 " oreganus................... 349 " pinosus..................... 349 " thurberi.................... 349 insularis......................... 351 mearnsi......................... Montana......................... 350 Oregon.......................... 349 phæonotus dorsalis.............. 350 " palliatus................... 350 Pink-sided...................... 350 Point Pinos..................... 349 Red-backed...................... 350 Shufeldt's...................... 349 Slate-colored................... 349

Page 460 Thurber's....................... 349 Townsend's...................... 350 townsendi's..................... 350 White-winged.................... 348 Kestrel........................... 221 Killdeer.......................... 165 Kingbird.......................... 281 Arkansas........................ 283 Cassin's........................ 284 Couch's......................... 283 Gray............................ 283 Kingfisher, Belted................ 247 Ringed.......................... 247 Texas........................... 249 Kinglet, Dusky.................... 441 Golden-crowned.................. 439 Ruby-crowned.................... 440 Sitka........................... 441 Western Golden crowned.......... 440 Kite, Everglade................... 202 Mississippi..................... 202 Swallow-tailed.................. 201 White-tailed.................... 201 Kittiwake......................... 39 Kittiwake, Pacific.............. 40 Red-legged...................... 40 Knot.............................. 146 Lagopus evermanni................. 184 lagopus lagopus................. 183 " alleni...................... 183 leucurus leucurus............... 185 " peninsularis............... 185 rupestris....................... 183 " atkhensis................... 184 " nelsoni..................... 184 " reinhardi................... 184 " townsendi.................. 184 welchi.......................... 184 Laniidæ........................... 376 Lanius borealis................... 376 ludovicianus ludovicianus....... 376 anthonyi........................ 376 " excubitorides............... 378 " gambeli..................... 378 Lanivireo flavifrons.............. 382 solitarius alticola............. 383 cassini......................... 382 lucasanus....................... 383 plumbeus........................ 382 solitarius...................... 382 Lapwing........................... 161 Laridæ............................ 38 Lark, California Horned........... 298 Desert Horned................... 298 Dusky Horned.................... 299 Horned.......................... 297 Hoyt's Horned................... 299 Island Horned................... 299 Montezuma Horned................ 299 Pallid Horned................... 297 Prairie Horned.................. 298 Ruddy Horned.................... 298 Scorched Horned................. 298 Sonora Horned................... 299 Streaked Horned................. 299 Texan Horned.................... 298 Larus affinis..................... 44 argentatus...................... 44 atricilla....................... 47 brachyrhynchus.................. 46 californicus.................... 45 canus........................... 46 delawarensis.................... 45 franklini....................... 48 glaucescens..................... 42 hyporboreus..................... 40 heermanni....................... 46 kumlieni........................ 42 leucopterus..................... 41 marinus......................... 43 minutus......................... 49 nelsoni......................... 42 occidentalis.................... 44 philadelphia.................... 48 schistisagus.................... 43 vegæ............................ 45 Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera 195 Leucosticte, atrata............... 328 australis....................... 328 griseonucha..................... 327 tephrocotis tephrocotis......... 328 " littoralis.................. 328 Limicolæ.......................... 137 Limosa fedoa...................... 151 hæmastica....................... 152 lapponica baueri................ 152 limosa.......................... 152 Limpkin........................... 129 Lobipes Lobatus................... 137 Longipennes....................... 35 Longspur, Alaska.................. 333 Chestnut-collared............... 334 Lapland......................... 333 McCown's........................ 334 Smith's......................... 334 Loon...................... 38-17-20-18 Black-throated.................. 18 Pacific......................... 19 Red-throated.................... 19 Yellow-billed................... 18 Lophodytes cucullatus............. 88 Lophortyx californica............. 177 " vallicola............ 177 gambeli......................... 177

Page 461 Loxia curvirostra minor........... 327 " stricklandi.............. 327 leucoptera...................... 327 Lunda cirrhata.................... 22 Machetes Pugnax................... 156 Macrochires....................... 262 Macronectes giganteus............. 62 Macrorhamphus griseus griseus..... 144 " scolopaceus...... 145 Magpie, Yellow-billed............. 300 Mallard........................... 88 Man-o'-War Bird................... 86 Mareca americana.................. 92 penelope........................ 91 Marila affinis.................... 98 americana....................... 95 collaris........................ 98 marila.......................... 97 valisineria..................... 97 Martin, Cuban..................... 372 Purple.......................... 372 Western......................... 372 Meadowlark........................ 317 Rio Grande...................... 317 southern........................ 319 Western......................... 319 Megalestris skua.................. 36 Megaquiscalus major major......... 323 " macrourus........ 324 Melanerpes erythrocephalus........ 256 formicivorus formicivorus....... 256 " angustifrons.............. 257 " bairdi.................... 257 Meleagridæ........................ 178 Meleagris gallopavo intermedia.... 191 " merriami............ 190 " osceola............. 191 " silvestris.......... 190 Melopelia asiatica................ 195 Melospiza melodia caurina......... 355 " cooperi.............. 355 " clementæ............. 355 " fallax............... 354 " graminea............. 355 " heermanni............ 354 " insignis............. 355 " juddi................ 355 " kenaiensis........... 355 " melodia.............. 354 " merrilli............. 355 " montana.............. 354 " morphna.............. 354 " pusillula............ 355 " rivularis............ 355 " rufina............... 355 " samuelis............. 354 georgiana....................... 356 lincolni lincolni............... 356 " striata............. 356 Merganser......................... 87 Hooded.......................... 88 Red-breasted.................... 88 Mergus americanus................. 87 serrator........................ 88 Merlin............................ 221 Micropalama himantopus............ 145 Micropallas whitneyi.............. 240 Micropodidæ....................... 268 Mimus polyglottos................. 420 " polyglottos.............. 420 " leucopterus.............. 420 Mniotilta varia................... 385 Mniotiltidæ....................... 385 Mockingbird....................... 420 Western......................... 420 Molothrus ater ater............... 314 " obscurus........................ 315 Motacilla alba.................... 418 ocularis........................ 418 Motacillidæ....................... 418 Murre............................. 29 Brunnich's...................... 31 California...................... 30 Pallas's........................ 31 Murrelet, Ancient................. 26 Craveri's....................... 28 Kittlitz........................ 27 Marbled......................... 27 Xantus.......................... 27 Muscivora forficata............... 281 tyrannus........................ 280 Myadestes townsendi............... 442 Mycteria americana................ 118 Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens. 286 Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax.... 287 crinitus........................ 285 olivascens...................... 287 magister magister............... 286 nelsoni......................... 286 Myiochanes pertinax pallidiven- tris........................ 291 richardsoni richardsoni......... 293 " peninsulæ................... 293 virens.......................... 291 Myiodynastes luteiventris......... 285 Nannus alascensis............... 428 meliger......................... 428 niemalis helleri................ 428 " niemalis.................... 427 " pacificus................... 428 Netta rufina...................... 95 Nettion carolinense............... 92 crecca.......................... 92 Nighthawk......................... 266

Page 462 Florida......................... 266 Sennett's....................... 268 Texas........................... 268 Western......................... 266 Noddy............................. 57 Nomonyx dominicus................. 106 Nucifraga columbiana.............. 313 Numenius americanus............... 159 borealis........................ 160 hudsonicus...................... 159 phæopus......................... 160 tahitiensis..................... 160 Nutcracker, Clark's............... 313 Nuthatch, Brown-headed............ 432 Florida White-breasted.......... 431 Pygmy........................... 432 Red-breasted.................... 432 Rocky Mountain.................. 431 Slender-billed.................. 431 San Lucas....................... 431 White-breasted.................. 431 White-naped..................... 433 Nuttallornis borealis............. 290 Nyctanassa violacea............... 126 Nyctea nyctea..................... 237 Nycticorax nycticorax nævius...... 126 Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli... 265 Oceanites oceanicus............... 71 Oceanodroma furcata............... 68 homochroa....................... 70 kædingi......................... 69 leucorhoa....................... 69 macrodactyla.................... 69 melania......................... 70 socorrœnsis..................... 70 Ochthodromus wilsonius............ 168 Odontoglossæ...................... 115 Odontophoridæ..................... 175 Oidemia americana................. 104 deglandi........................ 105 fusca........................... 105 perspicillata................... 105 Old-squaw......................... 100 Olor buccinator................... 114 columbianus..................... 114 cygnus.......................... 114 Oporornis agilis.................. 410 formosus........................ 410 philadelphia.................... 411 tolmei.......................... 411 Oreortyx picta picta.............. 176 " confinis.............. 176 " plumifera............. 176 Oreospiza chlorura................ 361 Oriole, Arizona Hooded............ 320 Audubon's....................... 319 Baltimore....................... 321 Bullock's....................... 322 Scott's......................... 320 Sennett's....................... 320 Orchard........................... 321 Oreoscoptes montanus.............. 419 Ortalis vetula mccalli............ 191 Osprey............................ 225 Octocoris alpestris alpestris..... 297 " actia................ 298 " adusta............... 299 " articola............. 297 " giraudi.............. 298 " hoyti................ 299 " insularis............ 299 " leucolæma............ 298 " merrilli............. 299 " occidentalis......... 299 " pallida.............. 299 " praticola............ 298 " rubea................ 298 " strigata............. 299 Otus asio aikeni.................. 234 " asio...................... 233 " bendirei.................. 233 " cineraceus................ 234 " floridanus................ 233 " kennicotti................ 233 " macfarlanei............... 234 " maxwelliæ................. 233 " mccalli................... 233 flammeolus flammeolus........... 234 " idahoensis................ 234 Trichopsis...................... 234 Xantusi......................... 234 Ouzel, Water...................... 419 Oven-bird......................... 407 Owl, Aiken's Screech.............. 234 Arctic Horned................... 235 Barn............................ 227 Barred.......................... 229 Burrowing....................... 238 California Pygmy................ 239 California Screech.............. 233 Dusky Horned.................... 235 Dwarf Horned.................... 237 Dwarf Screech................... 234 Elf............................. 240 European Hawk................... 237 Ferruginous Pygmy............... 240 Flammulated Screech............. 234 Florida Barred.................. 229 Florida Burrowing............... 239 " Screech..................... 233 Great Gray...................... 231 Great Horned.................... 235 Hawk............................ 238 Hoskin's Pygmy.................. 239

Page 463 Kennicott's Screech............. 233 Lapp............................ 232 Long-eared...................... 227 MacFarlane's Screech............ 234 Mexican Screech................. 234 Northern Spotted................ 231 Northwestern Saw-whet........... 232 Pacific Horned.................. 235 Pygmy........................... 239 Richardson's.................... 232 Rocky Mountain Screech.......... 233 Saw-whet........................ 232 Screech......................... 233 Short-eared..................... 229 Snowy........................... 237 Spotted......................... 237 " Screech................ 234 Texas Barred.................... 231 Texas Screech................... 233 Western Horned.................. 235 Xantus's Screech................ 234 Oxyechus vociferus................ 165 Oyster-catcher.................... 170 European.......................... 170 Black............................. 171 Frazar's.......................... 171 Pagophila alba.................... 39 Paludicolæ........................ 127 Pandion haliætus carolinensis..... 225 Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi...... 207 Parauque, Merrill's............... 265 Paroquet, Carolina................ 241 Parrot, Thick-billed.............. 141 Partridge, Alaska Spruce.......... 179 Canada Spruce................... 179 Hudsonian Spruce................ 179 Passer domesticus................. 335 Passerculus beldingi.............. 337 princeps........................ 337 rostratus rostratus............. 338 " guttatus................... 337 " santorum................... 338 sandwichensis sandwichensis..... 337 " alaudinus.................. 337 " bryanti.................... 337 " savanna.................... 337 Passerella iliaca fuliginosa...... 357 " iliaca........... 357 " insularis........ 357 " megarhyncha...... 357 " schistacea....... 357 " stephensi........ 357 " townsendi........ 357 " unalaschensis.... 357 Passeres.......................... 280 Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi.. 340 " occidentalis.. 340 caudacutus...................... 340 lecontei........................ 340 maritimus fisheri............... 341 " macgillivrai..... 342 " maritimus........ 341 " peninsulæ........ 341 " sennetti......... 341 nelsoni nelsoni................. 341 " subvirgatus................ 341 nigrescens...................... 342 Passerina amœna................... 366 ciris........................... 367 cyanea.......................... 366 versicolor versicolor........... 367 " pulchra..................... 367 Pediœcetes phasianellus phasianel lus....................... 187 phasianellus campestris......... 187 " columbianus................. 187 Pelagodroma marina................ 71 Pelecanidæ........................ 83 Pelecanus californicus............ 85 erythrorhynchos................. 83 occidentalis.................... 85 Pelican, White.................... 83 Brown........................... 85 California Brown................ 85 Pelidna alpina alpina............. 149 " sakhalina............. 149 Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus 434 " occidentalis....... 435 " septentrionalis.... 435 carolinensis agilis............. 435 " carolinensis.......... 435 cinctus alascensis.............. 436 " gambeli.................... 435 hudsonicus hudsonicus........... 436 " littoralis................. 436 rufescens barlowi............... 437 " neglectus.................. 437 " rufescens.................. 437 sclateri........................ 435 Perisoreus canadensis canadensis.. 308 " capitalis......... 309 " fumifrons......... 309 " nigricapillus..... 309 obscurus obscurus............... 309 " griseus.................... 311 Petrel, Ashy...................... 70 Black........................... 70 Black-capped.................... 67 Bulwer's........................ 67 Fisher's........................ 67 Fork-tailed..................... 68 Guadalupe....................... 69 Kæding's........................ 69 Leach's......................... 68

Page 464 Least........................... 68 Pintado......................... 67 Scaled.......................... 67 Socorro......................... 70 Storm........................... 68 White-bellied................... 71 White-faced..................... 71 Wilson's........................ 71 Petrochelidon fulva............... 372 lunifrons lunifrons............. 372 melanogastra.................... 373 Peucæa æstivalis æstivalis........ 352 " bachmani................ 352 botterii........................ 352 cassini......................... 353 Peucedramus olivaceus............. 391 Pewee, Western Wood............... 293 Large-billed Wood............... 293 Wood............................ 291 Phæthon americanus................ 72 æthereus........................ 73 rubricaudus..................... 73 Phæthontidæ....................... 72 Phainopepla....................... 376 nitens.......................... 376 Phalacrocoracidæ.................. 78 Phalacrocorax carbo............... 79 auritus auritus................. 79 " albociliatus............... 81 " cincinatus................. 81 " floridanus................. 81 vigua mexicanus................. 81 pelagicus pelagicus............. 82 " resplendens................ 82 " robustus................... 82 penicillatus.................... 82 urile........................... 82 Phalænoptilus nuttalli nuttalli... 264 " californicus..... 264 " nitidus.......... 264 Phalarope, Northern............... 137 Red............................. 137 Wilson's........................ 138 Phalaropodidæ..................... 137 Phalaropus fulicarius............. 137 Phaleris psittacula............... 25 Phasianidæ........................ 188 Phasianus torquatus............... 188 Pheasant, Ring-necked............. 188 Philacte canagica................. 112 Philohela minor................... 140 Phlœotomus pileatus pileatus...... 255 Phœbe............................. 287 Black........................... 289 Say............................. 289 Phœbetria palpebrata.............. 60 Phœnicopteridæ.................... 115 Phœnicopterus ruber............... 115 Pica pica hudsonia................ 300 nuttalli........................ 300 Pici.............................. 249 Picidæ............................ 249 Picoides americanus americanus.... 253 " dorsalis.............. 254 " fasciatus............. 254 arcticus........................ 253 Pigeon, Band-tailed............... 192 Passenger....................... 193 Red-billed...................... 192 Scaled.......................... 192 Viosca's........................ 192 White-crowned................... 192 Pinicola enucleator alascensis.... 325 " californica........... 325 " flammula.............. 325 " leucura............... 324 " montana.............. 325 Pintail........................... 94 Pipilo aberti..................... 361 consobrinus..................... 360 erythrophthalmus erythrophthal- mus......................... 358 erythrophthalmus alleni......... 358 fuscus albigula................. 360 crissalis crissalis............. 360 fuscus mesoleucus............... 360 crissalis senicula.............. 361 maculatus arcticus.............. 358 " clementæ................... 360 " magnirostris............... 360 " megalonyx.................. 360 " montanus................... 358 " oregonus................... 360 Pipit............................. 418 Meadow.......................... 418 Red-throated.................... 419 Sprague's....................... 419 Piranga erythromelas.............. 369 hepatica........................ 370 ludoviciana..................... 369 rubra rubra..................... 370 " cooperi..................... 370 Pisobia aurita.................... 147 bairdi.......................... 148 damacensis...................... 149 fuscicollis..................... 148 maculata........................ 147 minutella....................... 148 Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus.... 284 Planesticus confinis.............. 447 migratorius achrusterus......... 447 " migratorius................ 446 " propinquus................. 446

Page 465 Plataleidæ........................ 115 Platypsaris aglaiæ albiventris.... 280 Plautus impennis................ 32-33 Plectrophenax hyperboreus......... 333 nivalis nivalis................. 332 " townsendi................... 332 Plegadis autumnalis............... 118 guarauna........................ 118 Plover, Black-bellied............. 161 European Golden................. 163 Golden.......................... 163 Little Ringed................... 166 Mongolian....................... 167 Mountain........................ 168 Pacific Golden.................. 163 Piping.......................... 166 Ringed.......................... 166 Semipalmated.................... 165 Snowy........................... 167 Upland.......................... 156 Wilson's........................ 168 Podasocys montanus................ 168 Podilymbus podiceps............... 15 Polioptila cærulea cærulea........ 441 " obscura............. 441 californica..................... 442 plumbea......................... 441 Polyborus cheriway................ 224 lutosus......................... 224 Polysticta stelleri............... 102 Poœcetes gramineus gramineus...... 335 " affinis............... 335 " confinis............. 335 Poor-will......................... 264 Dusky........................... 264 Frosted......................... 264 Porzana carolina.................. 133 porzana......................... 133 Prairie Chicken................... 185 Attwater's...................... 186 Lesser.......................... 187 Priocella glacialoides............ 63 Priofinus cinereus................ 66 Procellariidæ..................... 61 Progne cryptoleuca................ 372 subis subis..................... 372 " hesperia.................... 372 Protonotaria citrea............... 386 Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi..... 438 minimus minimus................. 437 " californicus................ 438 " grindæ...................... 438 plumbeus........................ 438 Psittaci.......................... 241 Psittacidæ........................ 241 Ptarmigan, Allen's................ 183 Evermann's...................... 184 Kenai White-tailed.............. 185 Nelson's........................ 184 Reinhardt's..................... 184 Rock............................ 183 Townsend's...................... 184 Turner's........................ 184 Welch's......................... 184 White-tailed.................... 185 Willow.......................... 183 Ptychoramphus aleuticus........... 24 Puffin.......................... 22 Horned.......................... 23 Large-billed.................... 23 Tufted.......................... 22 Puffinus assimilis................ 65 auricularis..................... 65 borealis........................ 64 creatopus....................... 65 cuneatus........................ 66 gravis.......................... 64 griseus......................... 66 lherminieri..................... 65 opisthomelas.................... 65 puffinus........................ 64 tenuirostris.................... 66 Pygopodes......................... 10 Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus... 296 Pyrrhula cassini.................. 325 Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona.............. 364 sinuata sinuata................. 364 " peninsulæ................... 364 " texana...................... 364 San Lucas....................... 364 Texas........................... 364 California...................... 177 Chestnut Bellied Scaled......... 177 Gambel's........................ 177 Mearn's......................... 178 Quail, Mountain................... 176 Plumed.......................... 176 San Pedro....................... 176 Scaled.......................... 176 Valley.......................... 177 Querquedula cyanoptera............ 93 discors......................... 93 Quiscalus quiscula quiscula....... 323 " aglæus............... 323 " æneus................ 323 Rail, Belding's................... 131 Black........................... 134 California Clapper.............. 131 Carribean Clapper............... 132 Clapper......................... 132 Farallon........................ 134 Florida Clapper................. 132 King............................ 131 Louisiana Clapper............... 132

Page 466 Virginia........................ 133 Wayne's Clapper................. 132 Yellow.......................... 131 Rallidæ........................... 131 Rallus beldingi................... 131 crepitans crepitans............. 132 " saturatus................... 132 " scotti...................... 132 " waynei...................... 132 elegans......................... 131 longirostris caribæus........... 132 obsoletus....................... 131 virginianus..................... 132 Raptores.......................... 198 Raven............................. 311 Northern........................ 311 White-necked.................... 311 Recurvirostra americana........... 139 Recurvirostridæ................... 139 Redhead........................... 95 Redpoll........................... 329 Greater......................... 329 Greenland....................... 328 Hoary........................... 328 Holbœll's....................... 329 Redstart.......................... 415 Painted......................... 417 Red-wing, Bahama.................. 316 Bicolored....................... 317 Florida......................... 316 Northwestern.................... 316 San Diego....................... 316 Sonora.......................... 316 Thick-billed.................... 316 Tricolored...................... 317 Regulus calendula calendula....... 440 " grinnelli............. 441 " obscurus.............. 441 satrapa olivaceus............... 440 " satrapa..................... 439 Rhodostethia rosea................ 49 Rhynchophanes mccowni............. 334 Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha........ 241 Riparia riparia................... 374 Rissa brevirostris................ 40 tridactyla tridactyla........... 39 " pollicaris................. 40 Road-runner....................... 243 Robin............................. 446 Southern........................ 447 San Lucas....................... 447 Western......................... 446 Rostrhamus sociabilis............. 202 Rough-leg, Ferruginous............ 215 Ruff.............................. 156 Rynchopidæ........................ 58 Rynchops nigra.................... 58 Sage Hen.......................... 188 Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus.... 424 guadeloupensis.................. 424 Sanderling........................ 151 Sandpiper, Aleutian............... 146 Baird........................... 148 Buff-breasted................... 158 Curlew.......................... 149 Green........................... 155 Least........................... 148 Pectoral........................ 147 Pribilof........................ 147 Purple.......................... 146 Red-backed...................... 149 Semipalmated.................... 150 Sharp-tailed.................... 147 Solitary........................ 154 Spoonbill....................... 150 Spotted......................... 158 Stilt........................... 145 Western......................... 151 Western Solitary................ 155 White-rumped.................... 148 Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted.. 255 Red-breasted.................... 255 Red-naped....................... 254 Williamson's.................... 255 Yellow-bellied.................. 254 Saxicola œnanthe œnanthe.......... 448 " leucorhoa............ 448 Sayornis nigricans................ 289 phœbe........................... 287 sayus........................... 289 Scardafella inca.................. 196 Scolopacidæ....................... 140 Scolopax rusticola................ 140 Scoter............................ 104 Surf............................ 105 Velvet.......................... 105 White-winged.................... 105 Scotiaptex nebulosa lapponica..... 232 " nebulosa............ 231 Seed-eater, Sharpe's.............. 368 Seiurus aurocapillus.............. 407 motacilla....................... 409 noveboracensis noveboracensis... 409 " notabilis................... 409 Selasphorus alleni................ 276 platycercus..................... 276 rufus........................... 277 Steophaga picta................... 417 ruticilla....................... 415 Shearwater, Allied................ 65 Audubon's........................ 65 Black-tailed..................... 66 Black-vented..................... 65 Cory's........................... 64

Page 467 Greater......................... 64 Manx............................ 64 Pink-footed..................... 65 Slender-billed.................. 66 Sooty........................... 66 Townsend's...................... 65 Wedge-tailed.................... 66 Sheldrake, Ruddy.................. 93 Shoveller......................... 94 Shrike, California................ 378 Island.......................... 378 Loggerhead...................... 376 Northern........................ 376 White-rumped.................... 378 Sialia currucoides................ 450 mexicana anabelæ................ 450 " bairdi...................... 450 " occidentalis............... 450 sialis sialis................... 448 " fulva....................... 448 Siskin, Pine...................... 332 Sitta canadensis.................. 432 carolinensis carolinensis....... 431 " aculeata.................. 431 " atkinsi..................... 431 " lagunæ...................... 431 " nelsoni..................... 431 pusilla......................... 432 pygmæa pygmæa................... 432 " leuconucha.................. 433 Sittidæ........................... 431 Skimmer, Black.................... 58 Skua.............................. 36 Skylark........................... 297 Snakebird......................... 77 Snipe, European................... 140 Great........................... 143 Wilson's........................ 143 Solitaire, Townsend's............. 442 Somateria dresseri................ 103 mollissima borealis............. 102 spectabilis..................... 104 v-nigra......................... 103 Sora.............................. 133 Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed..... 341 Alameda Song.................... 355 Aleutian Song................... 337 Bachman's....................... 352 Baird's......................... 338 Belding's....................... 337 Bell's.......................... 351 Black-chinned................... 348 Black-throated.................. 351 Botteri's....................... 352 Brewer's........................ 346 Brown's Song.................... 355 Bryant's........................ 337 Cassin's........................ 353 Chipping........................ 345 Clay-colored.................... 355 Dakota Song..................... 355 Desert.......................... 351 Desert Song..................... 354 Dusky Seaside................... 342 English......................... 335 Field........................... 348 Florida Grasshopper............. 340 Forbush's....................... 356 Fox............................. 356 Gambel's........................ 343 Golden-crowned.................... 343 Grasshopper..................... 338 Gray Sage....................... 352 Harris's........................ 342 Heermann's Song................. 354 Henslow's....................... 340 Ipswich......................... 337 Kadiak Fox...................... 357 Kenai Song...................... 355 Laguna.......................... 353 Large-billed.................... 338 Lark............................ 342 Leconte's....................... 340 Lincoln's....................... 356 Louisiana Seaside............... 341 Macgillivray's Seaside............ 342 Merrill's Song.................. 355 Mountain Song................... 354 Nelson's........................ 341 Nuttall's....................... 343 Oregon Vesper................... 335 Pine Woods...................... 352 Rock............................ 353 Rufous-crowned.................. 353 Rufous-winged................... 353 Rusty Song...................... 354 Sage............................ 352 Samuel's Song................... 354 San Benito...................... 338 San Clemente Song............... 355 San Diego Song.................. 355 San Lucas....................... 338 Santa Barbara Song.............. 355 Savannah........................ 337 Scott's......................... 353 Scott's Seaside................. 341 Seaside......................... 341 Sharp-tailed.................... 340 Shumagin Fox.................... 357 Slate-colored Fox............... 357 Song............................ 354 Sooty Fox....................... 357 Sooty Song...................... 355 Stephen's Fox................... 357

Page 468 Swamp........................... 356 Texas........................... 357 Texas Seaside................... 341 Thick-billed Fox................ 357 Townsend's Fox.................. 357 Tree............................ 345 Vesper.......................... 335 Western Chipping................ 346 Western Field................... 348 Western Grasshopper............. 338 Western Henslow's............... 340 Western Lark.................... 342 Western Savannah................ 337 Western Tree.................... 345 Western Vesper.................. 335 White-crowned................... 343 White-throated.................. 345 Worthen's....................... 348 Yakutat Song.................... 355 Spatula clypeata.................. 94 Speotyto cunicularia floridana.... 239 " hypogæa............... 238 Sphyrapicus ruber ruber........... 255 " notkensis.......... 255 thyroideus...................... 255 varius varius................... 254 " nuchalis.................... 254 Spinus notatus.................... 331 pinus........................... 332 Spiza americana................... 368 Spirella atrogularis.............. 348 breweri......................... 346 monticola monticola............. 345 " ochracea................... 345 passerina arizonæ............... 346 " passerina.................. 345 pallida......................... 346 pusilla pusilla................. 348 " arenacea.................... 348 " arizonæ..................... 346 wortheni........................ 348 Spoonbill, Roseate................ 115 Sporophila morelleti sharpei...... 368 Squatarola squatarola............. 161 Starling.......................... 314 Starnœnas cyanocephala............ 196 Steganopodes...................... 72 Stegonopus tricolor............... 138 Stelgidopteryx serripennis........ 374 Stellula calliope................. 278 Stercorariidæ..................... 35 Stercorarius longicaudus.......... 37 parasiticus..................... 37 pomarinus....................... 36 Sterna aleutica................... 54 anætheta........................ 56 antillarum...................... 55 caspia.......................... 50 dougalli........................ 54 elegans......................... 51 forsteri........................ 53 fuscata......................... 55 hirundo......................... 53 maxima.......................... 51 paradisæa....................... 54 sandvicensis acuflavida......... 52 trudeaui........................ 52 Stilt, Black-necked............... 139 Stint, Long-toed.................. 149 Strigidæ.......................... 227 Strix occidentalis caurina........ 231 " occidentalis............ 231 varia allogilva................. 231 " alleni...................... 229 " varia....................... 229 Sturnella magna magna............. 317 " argutula............. 319 " hoopesi.............. 317 " neglecta............. 319 Sturnidæ.......................... 314 Sturnus vulgaris.................. 314 Sula bassana...................... 76 brewsteri....................... 75 cyanops......................... 74 leucogactra..................... 75 nebouxi......................... 74 piscator........................ 75 Sulidæ............................ 74 Surf Bird......................... 169 Sunia ulula ulula................. 237 " caparoch................. 238 Swallow, Bahama................... 374 Bank............................ 374 Barn............................ 373 Cliff........................... 372 Cuban Cliff..................... 373 Mexican Cliff................... 373 Northern Violet-green........... 374 Rough-winged.................... 374 San Lucas....................... 374 Tree............................ 373 Swallow-tailed Kite............... 201 Swan, Trumpeter................... 114 Whistling....................... 114 Whooping........................ 114 Swift, Black...................... 268 Chimney......................... 269 Vaux's.......................... 270 White-throated.................. 270 Slyviidæ.......................... 433 Sylthliboramphus antiquus......... 26 Tachycineta thalassina lepida... 374 " brachyptera..... 374

Page 469 Tanager, Cooper's................. 370 Hepatic......................... 370 Western......................... 369 Scarlet......................... 369 Summer.......................... 370 Tangaridæ......................... 369 Tangavius æneus involucratus...... 315 Tattler, Wandering................ 156 Teal, Blue-winged................. 93 Cinnamon........................ 93 European........................ 82 Green-winged.................... 92 Telmatodytes palustris............ 429 " griseus........... 429 " marianæ........... 429 " paludicola........ 429 " plesius........... 429 " palustris......... 429 Tern, Aleutian.................. 54 Arctic.......................... 54 Black........................... 56 Bridled......................... 56 Cabot's......................... 52 Caspian......................... 50 Common.......................... 53 Elegant......................... 51 Forster's....................... 53 Gull-billed..................... 50 Least........................... 55 Roseate......................... 54 Royal........................... 51 Sooty........................... 55 Trudeau's....................... 52 White-winged Black.............. 57 Thalassidroma pelagica............ 68 Thalassogeron culminatus.......... 60 Thrasher, Bendire's............... 422 Brown........................... 421 California...................... 422 Crissal......................... 423 Curve-billed.................... 421 Desert......................... 423 Leconte's....................... 423 Mearns's........................ 422 Palmer's........................ 422 Sage............................ 419 San Lucas....................... 422 Sennett's....................... 421 Thrush, Alaska Hermit............. 445 Audubon's Hermit................ 445 Bicknell's...................... 443 Dwarf Hermit.................... 446 Gray-cheeked.................... 443 Hermit.......................... 446 Olive-backed.................... 445 Northern Varied................. 448 Red-winged...................... 446 Russet-backed................... 443 Varied.......................... 448 Willow.......................... 443 Wood............................ 442 Thryomanes bewicki bairdi......... 426 bewicki bewicki................. 426 " calophonus................... 426 " charienturus................ 426 " cryptus..................... 426 " spilurus.................... 426 brevicauda...................... 426 leucophrys...................... 426 Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovi- cianus.................... 425 ludovicianus lomitensis......... 425 " miamensis.................. 425 Tiaris bicolor.................... 368 canora.......................... 368 Titlark........................... 418 Titmouse, Ashy.................... 434 Black-crested................... 433 Bridled......................... 434 Gray............................ 434 Plain........................... 434 Tufted.......................... 433 Totanus flavipes.................. 153 melanoleucus.................... 153 Towhee............................ 358 Abert's......................... 361 Anthony's....................... 361 Arctic.......................... 358 California...................... 360 Canon........................... 360 Green-tailed.................... 361 Guadalupe....................... 360 Large-billed.................... 360 Mountain........................ 360 Oregon.......................... 360 San Clemente.................... 360 San Diego....................... 360 San Lucas....................... 360 Spurred......................... 358 White-eyed...................... 358 Toxostima bendirei................ 422 cinereum cinereum............... 422 " mearnsi.................... 422 crissale........................ 423 curvirostre curvirostre......... 421 " palmeri.................... 422 lecontei lecontei............... 423 lecontei arenicola.............. 423 longirostre sennetti............ 421 redivivum....................... 422 rufum........................... 421 Tree Duck, Black-bellied.......... 113 Fulvous......................... 113 Tringa canutus.................... 146

Page 470 Trochilidæ........................ 271 Troglodytes aëdon aëdon........... 427 " parkmani........... 427 Troglodytidæ...................... 423 Trogon ambiguus................... 246 Coppery-tailed.................. 246 Trogonidæ......................... 246 Tropic Bird, Red-billed........... 73 Red-tailed...................... 73 Yellow-billed................... 72 Troupial.......................... Tryngites subruficollis........... 158 Tubinares......................... 59 Turdidæ........................... 442 Turdus musicus.................... 446 Turkey, Florida................... 191 Merriam's....................... 190 Rio Grande...................... 191 Wild............................ 190 Turnstone......................... 169 Black........................... 170 Ruddy........................... 169 Tympanuchus americanus ameri- canus..................... 185 americanus attwateri............ 186 cupido.......................... 186 pallidicinctus.................. 187 Tyrannidæ......................... 280 Tyrannus dominicensis............. 283 melancholicus couchi............ 283 tyrannus........................ 281 verticalis...................... 283 vociferans...................... 284 Uria lomvia lomvia................ 30 " arra...................... 31 troille troille................. 29 " californica................. 30 Urubitinga anthracina............. 213 Vanellus vanellus................. 161 Veery............................. 443 Verdin............................ 439 Cape............................ 439 Vermivora bachmani................ 387 pinus........................... 387 celata celata................... 389 " lucescens................... 389 " sordida..................... 390 chrysoptera..................... 388 luciæ........................... 388 peregrina....................... 390 Vermivora rubricapella gutturalis. 389 " rubricapella......... 389 virginiæ........................ 388 Vireo, Anthony's.................. 384 atricapillus.................... 383 Bell's.......................... 384 belli belli..................... 384 belli pusillus.................. 385 Bermuda......................... 384 Black-capped.................... 383 Black-whiskered................. 378 Blue-headed..................... 382 Cassin's........................ 382 griseus bermudianus............. 384 " maynardi.................... 383 " micrus...................... 384 Gray............................ 385 Hutton's........................ 384 huttoni huttoni................. 384 " obscurus.................... 384 " stephensi................... 384 Key West........................ 383 Least........................... 385 Mountain........................ 383 Philadelphia.................... 380 Plumbeous....................... 382 Red-eyed........................ 380 San Lucas....................... 383 Small White-eyed................ 384 Stephens's...................... 383 vicinior........................ 385 Warbling........................ 380 Western Warbling................ 382 White-eyed...................... 383 Yellow-green.................... 380 Yellow-throated................. 382 Vireonidæ......................... 378 Vireosylva calidris barbatula..... 378 flavoviridis.................... 380 gilva gilva..................... 380 " swainsoni................... 382 olivacea........................ 380 philadelphica................... 380 Vulture, Black.................... 199 California...................... 198 Turkey.......................... 199 Wagtail Alaska Yellow............. 418 Swinhoe's....................... 418 White........................... 418 Warbler, Alaska Yellow............ 392 Audubon's....................... 395 Bachman's....................... 387 Bay-breasted.................... 398 Black and White................. 385 Blackburnian.................... 399 Black-fronted................... 395 Black-poll...................... 399 Black-throated Blue............. 394 Black-throated Gray............. 402 Black-throated Green............ 403 Blue-winged..................... 387 Cairns's........................ 394 Calaveras....................... 389 Canada.......................... 415

Page 471 Cape May........................ 391 Cerulean........................ 396 Chestnut-sided.................. 398 Connecticut..................... 410 Dusky........................... 390 Golden-cheeked.................. 402 Golden Pileolated............... 415 Golden-winged................... 388 Grace's......................... 401 Hermit.......................... 405 Hooded.......................... 414 Kennicott's Willow.............. 439 Kentucky........................ 410 Kirtland's...................... 404 Lucy's.......................... 388 Lutescent....................... 389 Macgillivray's.................. 411 Magnolia........................ 396 Mangrove........................ 394 Mourning........................ 411 Myrtle.......................... 395 Nashville....................... 389 Northern Parula................. 390 Olive........................... 391 Orange-crowned.................. 389 Palm............................ 405 Parula.......................... 390 Pileolated...................... 414 Pine............................ 405 Prairie......................... 407 Prothonotary.................... 386 Red-faced....................... 417 Sennett's....................... 391 Sonora Yellow................... 392 Swainson's...................... 386 Sycamore........................ 401 Tennessee....................... 390 Townsend's...................... 403 Virginia's...................... 388 Wilson's........................ 414 Worm-eating..................... 386 Yellow.......................... 392 Yellow Palm..................... 405 Yellow-throated................. 401 Water Thrush...................... 409 Grinnell's...................... 409 Louisiana....................... 409 Water Turkey...................... 77 Waxwing, Bohemian................. 375 Cedar........................... 375 Wheatear........................ 448 Greenland....................... 448 Whimbrel.......................... 160 Whip-poor-will.................... 263 Stephens's...................... 264 Widgeon, European................. 91 Willet............................ 155 Western,........................ 156 Wilsonia canadensis............... 415 citrina......................... 414 pusilla pusilla................. 414 " chryseola................... 415 " pileolata................... 414 Woodcock.......................... 140 European......................... 140 Woodpecker, Alaska Three-toed..... 254 Alpine Three-toed............... 254 Ant-eating...................... 256 Arctic Three-toed............... 253 Arizona......................... 252 Batchelder's.................... 251 Cabanis's....................... 250 California...................... 257 Downy........................... 251 Gairdner's...................... 251 Gila............................ 258 Golden-fronted.................. 258 Hairy........................... 250 Harris's........................ 250 Ivory-billed.................... 249 Lewis's......................... 257 Narrow-fronted.................. 257 Nelson's Downy.................. 251 Northern Hairy.................. 250 Northern Pileated............... 256 Nuttall's....................... 252 Pileated........................ 255 Queen Charlotte................. 250 Red-bellied..................... 257 Red-cockaded.................... 251 Red-headed...................... 256 Rocky Mountain Hairy............ 250 San Lucas....................... 252 Southern Downy.................. 251 Southern Hairy.................. 250 Texas........................... 252 Three-toed...................... 253 White-headed.................... 253 Willow.......................... 251 Wren, Alaska...................... 428 Aleutian........................ 428 Baird's......................... 426 Bewick's........................ 426 Bryant's Cactus................. 424 Cactus.......................... 423 Cañon........................... 425 Carolina........................ 425 Dotted Cañon.................... 425 Florida......................... 425 Guadalupe....................... 426 Guadalupe Rock.................. 424 House........................... 427 Kadiak Winter................... 428

Page 472 Lomita.......................... 425 Long-billed Marsh............... 429 Marian's Marsh.................. 429 Seattle......................... 426 Rock............................ 424 San Clemente ................... 426 Short-billed Marsh.............. 428 San Diego....................... 426 San Lucas Cactus................ 424 Texas .......................... 426 Tule............................ 429 Vigors's........................ 426 Western House................... 427 Western Marsh................... 429 Western Winter.................. 428 White-throated ................. 424 Winter.......................... 427 Worthington's Marsh ............ 429 Wren-tit ......................... 437 Pallid ......................... 437 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus..... 315 Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens..... 308 Xema sabini........................ 49 Xenopicus albolarvatus ........... 253 Yellow-legs ...................... 153 Greater ........................ 153 Yellow-throat, Belding's.......... 413 Florida ........................ 412 Maryland ....................... 412 Pacific ........................ 412 Rio Grande...................... 413 Salt Marsh...................... 412 Western......................... 412 Zamelodia ludoviciana............. 365 melanocephala................... 365 Zenaida zenaida................... 194 Zenaidura macroura carolinensis... 193 Zonotrichia albicollis ........... 345 coronata ....................... 343 leucophrys leucophrys .......... 343 " gambeli .................... 343 " nuttalli.................... 343 querula ........................ 342

Page 473 Birds of Eastern North America By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. The Bird Book of the year. It is authentic. The author KNOWS birds. He has studied them for thirty years--in the hand, for plumage, and in their haunts, for habits. He has studied them in their homes and has photographed hundreds as they were actually feeding their young. Besides being able to write about these things in an interesting and instructive manner, he is classed as one of the foremost bird artists in America. This rare combination of Artist-Author-Naturalist has produced, in "Birds of Eastern North America," the ultimate bird book. The technical descriptions aided by the pictures give perfect ideas of the plumage of adults and young. The descriptive text gives the important and characteristic features in the lives of the various species. The illustrations--well, there are 408 PICTURES IN NATURAL COLORS; they show practically every species, including male, female, and young when the plumages differ, and they are perfectly made by the best process. Bound in cloth, handsomely illuminated in gold; 464 pages (4½ × 6½); 408 colored illustrations; every bird described and pictured. $3.00 postpaid Color Key To N. A. Birds By F. M. CHAPMAN and C. A. REED This might well be called an illustrated dictionary of North American birds, the male of each species being shown in COLOR from pen and ink drawings. Uniform with Egg Book. 350 pages. $2.50 net

Page 474 LAND BIRDS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. An illustrated, pocket text book that enables anyone to quickly identify any song or insectivorous bird found east of the Rocky Mountains. It describes their habits and peculiarities; tells you where to look for them and describes their nests, eggs and songs. EVERY BIRD IS SHOWN IN COLOR, including the females and young where the plumage differs, from watercolor drawings by the four-color process. The illustrations are the BEST, the MOST ACCURATE, and the MOST VALUABLE ever printed in a bird book. "LAND BIRDS" is the most popular and has the LARGEST SALE (over 300,000 copies) of any bird book published in this country. It is used and recommended by our leading ornithologists and teachers. 230 pages. Bound in Cloth, 75c. net; in Leather, $1.00 net; postage 5c. WATER BIRDS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. This book is uniform in size and scope with LAND BIRDS. It includes all of the Water Birds, Game Birds and Birds of Prey, east of the Rockies. Each species is ILLUSTRATED IN COLOR from oil paintings; the bird, its habits and nesting habits are described. The pictures show more than 230 birds in color, every species found in our range. They exceed in number those in any other bird book. In quality they cannot be surpassed--exquisite gems, each with an attractive background, typical of the habits of the species. "LAND BIRDS" and "WATER BIRDS" are the only books, regardless of price, that describe and show in color every bird. 250 pages, neatly boxed. Bound in Cloth, $1.00 net; in Leather, $1.25 net; postage 5c.

Page 475 THE TREE GUIDE By JULIA ELLEN ROGERS Author of "The Tree Book" The Tree Guide is uniform in style and size with the well known pocket Bird Guides which have become so universally popular. It contains illustrations (32 of them colored and many in black and white) and descriptions of every tree east of the Rocky Mountains. The descriptions include the range, the classification, the distinctive features such as flowers, leaves, fruit, etc., and all other marks that lead to an easy identification of the tree. No detail that will help the student has been omitted and the small size of the volume, about the length and width of the hand, makes it convenient to carry. An ideal volume for expert naturalist or amateur for field work or even more exhaustive study. 32 illustrations in color; many in black and white.Cloth, net, $1.00. Leather, net, $1.25 Animal Post Cards We have been fortunate in securing from the well known artist, Harry F. Harvey, a number of his best paintings of our North American Wild Animals. These have been Faithfully reproduced in NATURAL COLORS, postcard size, and are by far, twenty-five of the best animal cards ever published. Ask your dealer for the "REED NATURE CARDS." 25 Animals, 25 Birds, 50 Wild Flowers. ALL IN NATURAL COLORS If your dealer is out of them we will fill your order (postpaid). 25 Animals for 50c; 25 Birds for 25c; 50 Flowers for 50c. Special--The complete set of 100 accurately colored cards postpaid, $1.00. Send for list of Nature Books in Colors. CHAS. K. REED WORCESTER, MASS.