Y (continued 78)

Chad 10,543,464 (July 2010 est.)

Chile 16,746,491 (July 2010 est.)

China 1,330,141,295 (July 2010 est.)

Christmas Island 1,402 (July 2010 est.)

Clipperton Island uninhabited

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 596 (July 2010 est.)

Colombia 44,205,293 (July 2010 est.)

Comoros 773,407 (July 2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 70,916,439 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 4,125,916 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Cook Islands 11,488 (July 2010 est.)

Coral Sea Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station on Willis Island (July 2007 est.)

Costa Rica 4,516,220 (July 2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 21,058,798 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Croatia 4,486,881 (July 2010 est.)

Cuba 11,477,459 (July 2010 est.)

Curacao 142,180 (est. January 2010)

Cyprus 1,102,677 (July 2010 est.)

Czech Republic 10,201,707 (July 2010 est.)

Denmark 5,515,575 (July 2010 est.)

Dhekelia approximately 15,700 live on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 service and UK based contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents

Djibouti 740,528 (July 2010 est.)

Dominica 72,813 (July 2010 est.)

Dominican Republic 9,823,821 (July 2010 est.)

Ecuador 14,790,608 (July 2010 est.)

Egypt 80,471,869 (July 2010 est.)

El Salvador 6,052,064 (July 2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 650,702 (July 2010 est.)

Eritrea 5,792,984 (July 2010 est.)

Estonia 1,291,170 (July 2010 est.)

Ethiopia 88,013,491 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

European Union 492,387,344 (July 2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3,140 (July 2008 est.)

Faroe Islands 49,057 (July 2010 est.)

Fiji 875,983 (July 2010 est.)

Finland 5,255,068 (July 2010 est.)

France 64,768,389 note: the above figure is for metropolitan France and its four overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 (July 2010 est.)

French Polynesia 291,000 (July 2010 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands no indigenous inhabitants Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): has no permanent residents but has a meteorological station Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): is uninhabited but is frequently visited by fishermen and has a scientific research cabin for short stays Iles Crozet: are uninhabited except for 18 to 30 people staffing the Alfred Faure research station on Ile del la Possession Iles Kerguelen: 50 to 100 scientists are located at the main base at Port-aux-Francais on Ile Kerguelen Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): uninhabitable Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by scientists Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): uninhabited, except for visits by scientists

Gabon 1,545,255 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Gambia, The 1,824,158 (July 2010 est.)

Gaza Strip 1,604,238 (July 2010 est.)

Georgia 4,600,825 (July 2010 est.)

Germany 82,282,988 (July 2010 est.)

Ghana 24,339,838 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Gibraltar 28,877 (July 2010 est.)

Greece 10,749,943 (July 2010 est.)

Greenland 57,637 (July 2010 est.)

Grenada 107,818 (July 2010 est.)

Guam 180,865 (July 2010 est.)

Guatemala 13,550,440 (July 2010 est.)

Guernsey 64,775 (July 2010 est.)

Guinea 10,324,025 (July 2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 1,565,126 (July 2010 est.)

Guyana 748,486 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Haiti 9,719,932 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (2011 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands uninhabited

Holy See (Vatican City) 829 (July 2010 est.)

Honduras 7,989,415 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Hong Kong 7,089,705 (July 2010 est.)

Hungary 9,992,339 (July 2010 est.)

Iceland 308,910 (July 2010 est.)

India 1,173,108,018 (July 2010 est.)

Indonesia 242,968,342 (July 2010 est.)

Iran 76,923,300 (July 2010 est.)

Iraq 29,671,605 (July 2010 est.)

Ireland 4,622,917 (July 2010 est.)

Isle of Man 83,859 (July 2010 est.)

Israel 7,353,985 (July 2010 est.) note: approximately 296,700 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2009 est.); approximately 19,100 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2008 est.); approximately 192,800 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2008 est.)

Italy 58,090,681 (July 2010 est.)

Jamaica 2,847,232 (July 2010 est.)

Jan Mayen no indigenous inhabitants note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station

Japan 126,804,433 (July 2010 est.)

Jersey 93,363 (July 2010 est.)

Jordan 6,407,085 (July 2010 est.)

Kazakhstan 15,460,484 (July 2010 est.)

Kenya 40,046,566 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Kiribati 99,482 (July 2010 est.)

Korea, North 22,757,275 (July 2010 est.)

Korea, South 48,636,068 (July 2010 est.)

Kosovo 1,815,048 (July 2010 est.)

Kuwait 2,789,132 note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 5,508,626 (July 2010 est.)

Laos 6,368,162 (July 2010 est.)

Latvia 2,217,969 (July 2010 est.)

Lebanon 4,125,247 (July 2010 est.)

Lesotho 1,919,552 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Liberia 3,685,076 (July 2010 est.)

Libya 6,461,454 note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2010 est.)

Liechtenstein 35,002 (July 2010 est.)

Lithuania 3,545,319 (July 2010 est.)

Luxembourg 497,538 (July 2010 est.)

Macau 567,957 (July 2010 est.)

Macedonia 2,072,086 (July 2010 est.)

Madagascar 21,281,844 (July 2010 est.)

Malawi 15,447,500 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Malaysia 28,274,729 (July 2010 est.)

Maldives 395,650 (July 2010 est.)

Mali 13,796,354 (July 2010 est.)

Malta 406,771 (July 2010 est.)

Marshall Islands 65,859 (July 2010 est.)

Mauritania 3,205,060 (July 2010 est.)

Mauritius 1,294,104 (July 2010 est.)

Mayotte 231,139 (July 2010 est.)

Mexico 112,468,855 (July 2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 107,154 (July 2010 est.)

Moldova 4,317,483 (July 2010 est.)

Monaco 30,586 (July 2010 est.)

Mongolia 3,086,918 (July 2010 est.)

Montenegro 666,730 (July 2010 est.)

Montserrat 5,118 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2010 est.)

Morocco 31,627,428 (July 2010 est.)

Mozambique 22,061,451 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2010 est.)

Namibia 2,128,471 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Nauru 9,267 (July 2010 est.)

Navassa Island uninhabited note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island

Nepal 28,951,852 (July 2010 est.)

Netherlands 16,783,092 (July 2010 est.)

New Caledonia 252,352 (July 2010 est.)

New Zealand 4,252,277 (July 2010 est.)

Nicaragua 5,995,928 (July 2010 est.)

Niger 15,878,271 (July 2010 est.)

Nigeria 152,217,341 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Niue 1,354 (July 2010 est.)

Norfolk Island 2,155 (July 2010 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands 48,317 (July 2010 est.)

Norway 4,676,305 (July 2010 est.)

Oman 2,967,717 note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2010 est.)

Pakistan 184,404,791 (July 2010 est.)

Palau 20,879 (July 2010 est.)

Panama 3,410,676 (July 2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea 6,064,515 (July 2010 est.)

Paracel Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons

Paraguay 6,375,830 (July 2010 est.)

Peru 29,907,003 (July 2010 est.)

Philippines 99,900,177 (July 2010 est.)

Pitcairn Islands 48 (July 2010 est.)

Poland 38,463,689 (July 2010 est.)

Portugal 10,735,765 (July 2010 est.)

Puerto Rico 3,978,702 (July 2010 est.)

Qatar 840,926 (July 2010 est.)

Romania 21,959,278 (July 2010 est.)

Russia 139,390,205 (July 2010 est.)

Rwanda 11,055,976 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Saint Barthelemy 7,406 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha 7,670 note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 49,898 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Lucia 160,922 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Martin 30,235 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 5,943 (July 2010 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 104,217 (July 2010 est.)

Samoa 192,001 note: prior estimates used official net migration data by sex, but a highly unusual pattern for 1993 lead to a significant imbalance in the sex ratios (more men and fewer women) and a seeming reduction in the female population; the revised total was calculated using a 1993 number that was an average of the 1992 and 1994 migration figures (July 2010 est.)

San Marino 31,477 (July 2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 175,808 (July 2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia 25,731,776 note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2010 est.)

Senegal 12,323,252 (July 2010 est.)

Serbia 7,344,847 note: does not include the population of Kosovo (July 2010 est.)

Seychelles 88,340 (July 2010 est.)

Sierra Leone 5,245,695 (July 2010 est.)

Singapore 4,701,069 (July 2010 est.)

Sint Maarten 37,429 (January 2010 est.)

Slovakia 5,470,306 (July 2010 est.)

Slovenia 2,003,136 (July 2010 est.)

Solomon Islands 559,198 (July 2010 est.)

Somalia 10,112,453 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2010 est.)

South Africa 49,109,107 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited

Spain 46,505,963 (July 2010 est.)

Spratly Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states

Sri Lanka 21,513,990 note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2010 est.)

Sudan 43,939,598 (July 2010 est.)

Suriname 486,618 (July 2010 est.)

Svalbard 2,067 (July 2010 est.)

Swaziland 1,354,051 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Sweden 9,074,055 (July 2010 est.)

Switzerland 7,623,438 (July 2010 est.)

Syria 22,198,110 (July 2010 est.) note: approximately 19,100 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2008 est.)

Taiwan 23,024,956 (July 2010 est.)

Tajikistan 7,487,489 (July 2010 est.)

Tanzania 41,892,895 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Thailand 67,089,500 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Timor-Leste 1,154,625 note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2010 est.)

Togo 6,587,239 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Tokelau 1,400 (July 2010 est.)

Tonga 122,580 (July 2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 1,228,691 (July 2010 est.)

Tunisia 10,589,025 (July 2010 est.)

Turkey 77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)

Turkmenistan 4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 23,528 (July 2010 est.)

Tuvalu 10,472 (July 2010 est.)

Uganda 33,398,682 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Ukraine 45,415,596 (July 2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates 4,975,593 note: estimate is based on the results of the 2005 census that included a significantly higher estimate of net immigration of non-citizens than previous estimates (July 2010 est.)

United Kingdom 62,348,447 (July 2010 est.)

United States 310,232,863 (July 2010 est.)

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges no indigenous inhabitants note: public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service Johnston Atoll: in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all US government personnel had left the island Midway Islands: approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll Palmyra Atoll: four to 20 Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife staff, and researchers

Uruguay 3,510,386 (July 2010 est.)

Uzbekistan 27,865,738 (July 2010 est.)

Vanuatu 221,552 (July 2010 est.)

Venezuela 27,223,228 (July 2010 est.)

Vietnam 89,571,130 (July 2010 est.)

Virgin Islands 109,750 (July 2010 est.)

Wake Island no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 150 military personnel and civilian contractors maintain and operate the airfield and communications facilities (2009)

Wallis and Futuna 15,343 (July 2010 est.)

West Bank 2,514,845 (July 2010 est.) note: approximately 296,700 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2009 est.); approximately 192,800 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2008 est.)

Western Sahara 491,519 note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2010 est.)

World 6,768,181,146 (July 2010 est.)

Yemen 23,495,361 (July 2010 est.)

Zambia 13,460,305 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Zimbabwe 11,651,858 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

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@2120

Field Listing :: Ports and terminals

This entry lists major ports and terminals primarily on the basis of the amount of cargo tonnage shipped through the facilities on an annual basis. In some instances, the number of containers handled or ship visits were also considered. Country

Ports and terminals

Afghanistan Kheyrabad, Shir Khan

Albania Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

Algeria Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda

American Samoa Pago Pago

Angola Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Anguilla Blowing Point, Road Bay

Antarctica McMurdo Station; most coastal stations have sparse and intermittent offshore anchorages; a few stations have basic wharf facilities

Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's

Arctic Ocean Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)

Argentina Arroyo Seco, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin

Aruba Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

Ashmore and Cartier Islands none; offshore anchorage only

Atlantic Ocean Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)

Australia Brisbane, Cairns, Dampier, Darwin, Fremantle, Gladstone, Geelong, Hay Point, Hobart, Jervis Bay, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Dalrymple, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Lincoln, Port Walcott, Sydney

Austria Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna

Azerbaijan Baku (Baki)

Bahamas, The Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point

Bahrain Mina' Salman, Sitrah

Bangladesh Chittagong, Mongla Port

Barbados Bridgetown

Belarus Mazyr

Belgium cargo ports (tonnage): Antwerp, Gent, Liege, Zeebrugge container ports (TEUs): Antwerp (8,662,891), Zeebrugge (2,209,715)

Belize Belize City, Big Creek

Benin Cotonou

Bermuda Hamilton, Ireland Island, Saint George

Bolivia Puerto Aguirre (inland port on the Paraguay/Parana waterway at the Bolivia/Brazil border); Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava River), Orasje

Bouvet Island none; offshore anchorage only

Brazil cargo ports (tonnage): Ilha Grande (Gebig), Paranagua, Rio Grande, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao container ports (TEUs): Santos (2,677,839), Itajai (693,580)

British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Garcia

British Virgin Islands Road Harbor

Brunei Lumut, Muara, Seria

Bulgaria Burgas, Varna

Burma Moulmein, Rangoon, Sittwe

Burundi Bujumbura

Cambodia Phnom Penh, Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville)

Cameroon Douala, Garoua, Limboh Terminal

Canada Fraser River Port, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, Port-Cartier, Quebec City, Saint John (New Brunswick), Sept-Isles, Vancouver

Cape Verde Porto Grande

Cayman Islands Cayman Brac, George Town

Central African Republic Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga

Chile Coronel, Huasco, Lirquen, Puerto Ventanas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Valparaiso

China Dalian, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin

Christmas Island Flying Fish Cove

Clipperton Island none; offshore anchorage only

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Port Refuge

Colombia Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Puerto Bolivar, Santa Marta, Turbo

Comoros Mayotte, Mutsamudu

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka

Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville, Djeno, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire

Cook Islands Avatiu

Coral Sea Islands none; offshore anchorage only

Costa Rica Caldera, Puerto Limon

Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan, Espoir, San-Pedro

Croatia Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibernik, Split, Vukovar (on Danube River)

Cuba Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel, Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba, Tanamo

Curacao Bullen Baai, Fuik Bay, Willemstad

Cyprus area under government control: Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos;; area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Famagusta, Kyrenia

Czech Republic Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Denmark Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kalundborg

Djibouti Djibouti

Dominica Portsmouth, Roseau

Dominican Republic Andres (Boca Chica), Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo

Ecuador Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar

Egypt Ayn Sukhnah, Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said, Sidi Kurayr, Suez

El Salvador Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco

Equatorial Guinea Bata, Luba, Malabo (2010)

Eritrea Assab, Massawa

Estonia Kuivastu, Kunda, Muuga, Parnu Reid, Sillamae, Tallinn

Ethiopia Ethiopia is landlocked and uses ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia

European Union Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Braila (Romania), Bremen (Germany), Burgas (Bulgaria), Constanta (Romania), Copenhagen (Denmark), Galati (Romania), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia), Tulcea (Romania), Varna (Bulgaria)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Stanley

Faroe Islands Fuglafjordur, Torshavn, Vagur

Fiji Lautoka, Levuka, Suva

Finland Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma

France Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris, Rouen

French Polynesia Papeete

French Southern and Antarctic Lands none; offshore anchorage only

Gabon Gamba, Libreville, Lucinda, Owendo, Port-Gentil

Gambia, The Banjul

Gaza Strip Gaza

Georgia Bat'umi, P'ot'i

Germany Bremen, Bremerhaven, Duisburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Lubeck, Neuss-Dusseldorf, Rostock, Wilhemshaven

Ghana Takoradi, Tema

Gibraltar Gibraltar

Greece Agioi Theodoroi, Aspropyrgos, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki

Greenland Sisimiut

Grenada Saint George's

Guam Apra Harbor

Guatemala Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla

Guernsey Braye Bay, Saint Peter Port

Guinea Conakry, Kamsar

Guinea-Bissau Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim

Guyana Georgetown

Haiti Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince

Heard Island and McDonald Islands none; offshore anchorage only

Honduras La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela

Hong Kong Hong Kong

Hungary Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs

Iceland Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Reykjavik

India Chennai, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Sikka, Vishakhapatnam

Indian Ocean Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)

Indonesia Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok

Iran Assaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e-Eman Khomeyni

Iraq Al Basrah, Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr

Ireland Cork, Dublin, Shannon Foynes, Waterford

Isle of Man Douglas, Ramsey

Israel Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa

Italy Augusta, Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Santa Panagia (Melilli), Taranto, Trieste, Venice

Jamaica Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades), Kingston, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rocky Point

Jan Mayen none; offshore anchorage only

Japan Chiba, Kawasaki, Kobe, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Tomakomai, Yokohama

Jersey Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier

Jordan Al 'Aqabah

Kazakhstan Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)

Kenya Kisumu, Mombasa

Kiribati Betio (Tarawa Atoll), Canton Island, English Harbor

Korea, North Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Namp'o, Senbong, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Wonsan

Korea, South Inch'on, P'ohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu

Kuwait Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi

Kyrgyzstan Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)

Latvia Riga, Ventspils

Lebanon Beirut, Tripoli

Liberia Buchanan, Monrovia

Libya Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli

Lithuania Butinge, Klaipeda

Luxembourg Mertert

Macau Macau

Madagascar Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)

Malawi Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba

Malaysia Bintulu, Johor Bahru, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang (Port Klang), Tanjung Pelepas

Maldives Male

Mali Koulikoro

Malta Marsaxlokk (Malta Freeport), Valletta

Marshall Islands Enitwetak Island, Kwajalein, Majuro

Mauritania Nouadhibou, Nouakchott

Mauritius Port Louis

Mayotte Dzaoudzi

Mexico Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Salina Cruz, Veracruz

Micronesia, Federated States of Colonia (Tomil Harbor), Lele Harbor, Pohnepi Harbor

Monaco Monaco

Montenegro Bar

Montserrat Little Bay, Plymouth

Morocco Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier

Mozambique Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Namibia Luderitz, Walvis Bay

Nauru Nauru

Navassa Island none; offshore anchorage only

Netherlands Amsterdam, IJmuiden, Moerdijk, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen

New Caledonia Noumea

New Zealand Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington

Nicaragua Bluefields, Corinto

Nigeria Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Niue Alofi

Norfolk Island Kingston

Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, Tinian, Rota

Norway Bergen, Haugesund, Maaloy, Mongstad, Narvik, Sture

Oman Mina' Qabus, Salalah, Suhar

Pacific Ocean Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)

Pakistan Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim

Palau Koror

Panama Balboa, Colon, Cristobal

Papua New Guinea Kimbe, Lae, Madang, Rabaul, Wewak

Paracel Islands small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island

Paraguay Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion

Peru Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note - Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries

Philippines Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila

Pitcairn Islands Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)

Poland Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie, Szczecin

Portugal Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Puerto Rico Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de Ponce, San Juan

Qatar Doha, Mesaieed (Umaieed), Ra's Laffan

Romania Braila, Constanta, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Midia, Tulcea

Russia Kaliningrad, Kavkaz, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Primorsk, Saint Petersburg, Vostochnyy

Rwanda Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye

Saint Barthelemy Gustavia

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helena: Jamestown Ascension Island: Georgetown Tristan da Cunha: Calshot Harbor (Edinburgh)

Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre, Charlestown

Saint Lucia Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown

Samoa Apia

Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome

Saudi Arabia Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jiddah, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah

Senegal Dakar

Seychelles Victoria

Sierra Leone Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands

Singapore Singapore

Sint Maarten Philipsburg

Slovakia Bratislava, Komarno

Slovenia Koper

Solomon Islands Honiara, Malloco Bay, Viru Harbor, Tulaghi

Somalia Berbera, Kismaayo

South Africa Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Grytviken

Southern Ocean McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels

Spain Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona, Valencia (Spain); Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Spratly Islands none; offshore anchorage only

Sri Lanka Colombo

Sudan Port Sudan

Suriname Paramaribo, Wageningen

Svalbard Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden

Sweden Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby

Switzerland Basel

Syria Baniyas, Latakia, Tartus

Taiwan Chilung (Keelung), Kaohsiung, Hualian, Taichung

Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar

Thailand Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha

Timor-Leste Dili

Togo Kpeme, Lome

Tokelau none; offshore anchorage only

Tonga Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai

Trinidad and Tobago Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough

Tunisia Bizerte, Gabes, Rades, Sfax, Skhira

Turkey Aliaga, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mercin Limani, Yarimca

Turkmenistan Turkmenbasy

Turks and Caicos Islands Cockburn Harbour, Grand Turk, Providenciales

Tuvalu Funafuti

Uganda Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Ukraine Feodosiya (Theodosia), Illichivsk, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Yuzhnyy

United Arab Emirates Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khawr Fakkan (Khor Fakkan), Mubarraz Island, Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah),

United Kingdom Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports, Hound Point (Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales)

United States cargo ports (tonnage): Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City container ports (TEUs): Los Angeles (7,849,985), Long Beach (6,350,125), New York/New Jersey (5,265,058), Savannah (2,616,126), Oakland (2,236,244), Hampton Roads (2,083,278) (2008) cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef: none; offshore anchorage only Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island Midway Islands: Sand Island Palmyra Atoll: West Lagoon

Uruguay Montevideo

Uzbekistan Termiz (Amu Darya)

Vanuatu Forari Bay, Luganville (Santo, Espiritu Santo), Port-Vila

Venezuela La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon

Vietnam Cam Pha Port, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Phu My, Quy Nhon

Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Frederiksted, Limetree Bay

Wake Island none; two offshore anchorages for large ships

Wallis and Futuna Leava, Mata-Utu

Western Sahara Ad Dakhla, Laayoune (El Aaiun)

World top ten container ports as measured by Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) throughput: Singapore - 25,866,400; Shanghai - 25,002,000; Hong Kong - 20,983,000; Shenzhen (China) - 18,250,100; Pusan (South Korea) - 11,954,861; Guangzhou (China) - 11,190,000; Dubai (UAE) - 11,124,082; Ningbo (China) - 10,502,800; Qingdao (China) - 10,260,000; - Rotterdam - 9,743,290 (2009)

Yemen Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla

Zambia Mpulungu

Zimbabwe Binga, Kariba

======================================================================

@2121

Field Listing :: Railways

This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge: broad, standard, narrow, and dual. Other gauges are listed under note. Country Comparison to the World Country

Railways(km)

Albania total: 896 km standard gauge: 896 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Algeria total: 3,973 km standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2008)

Angola total: 2,764 km narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

Argentina total: 31,409 km broad gauge: 27,301 km 1.676-m gauge (94 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,780 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,328 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Armenia total: 845 km broad gauge: 845 km 1.520-m gauge (818 km electrified) note: some lines are out of service (2008)

Australia total: 37,855 km broad gauge: 142 km 1.600-m gauge standard gauge: 24,409 km 1.435-m gauge (1,094 km electrified) narrow gauge: 13,304 km 1.067-m gauge (1,193 km electrified) (2008)

Austria total: 6,399 km standard gauge: 5,927 km 1.435-m gauge (3,688 km electrified) narrow gauge: 384 km 1.000-m gauge (15 km electrified); 88 km 0.760-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)

Azerbaijan total: 2,918 km broad gauge: 2,918 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2009)

Bangladesh total: 2,768 km broad gauge: 946 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Belarus total: 5,537 km broad gauge: 5,512 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified) standard gauge: 25 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Belgium total: 3,233 km standard gauge: 3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (2,950 km electrified) (2008)

Benin total: 578 km narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bolivia total: 3,504 km narrow gauge: 3,504 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,000 km standard gauge: 1,000 km 1.435-m gauge (590 km electrified) (2008)

Botswana total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Brazil total: 28,857 km broad gauge: 5,709 km 1.600-m gauge (459 km electrified) standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge narrow gauge: 22,954 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Bulgaria total: 4,294 km standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified) narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

Burkina Faso total: 622 km narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge note: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire (2008)

Burma total: 3,955 km narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Cambodia total: 690 km narrow gauge: 690 km 1.000-m gauge note: under restoration (2010)

Cameroon total: 987 km narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Canada total: 46,688 km standard gauge: 46,688 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Chile total: 5,483 km broad gauge: 1,706 km 1.676-m gauge (850 km electrified) narrow gauge: 3,777 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

China total: 77,834 km standard gauge: 77,084 km 1.435-m gauge (24,433 km electrified) narrow gauge: 750 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Christmas Island total: 18 km standard gauge: 18 km 1.435-m (not in operation) (2010)

Colombia total: 3,802 km standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,652 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 4,007 km narrow gauge: 3,882 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Congo, Republic of the total: 795 km narrow gauge: 795 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Costa Rica total: 278 km narrow gauge: 278 km 1.067-m gauge note: none of the railway network is in use (2008)

Cote d'Ivoire total: 660 km narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000 meter gauge note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2008)

Croatia total: 2,722 km standard gauge: 2,722 km 1.435-m gauge (985 km electrified) (2009)

Cuba total: 8,598 km standard gauge: 8,322 km 1.435-m gauge (176 km electrified) narrow gauge: 276 km 1.000-gauge note: 4,533 km of the track is used by sugar plantations; 4,257 km is standard gauge; 276 km is narrow gauge (2006)

Czech Republic total: 9,620 km standard gauge: 9,521 km 1.435-m gauge (3,013 km electrified) narrow gauge: 99 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Denmark total: 2,667 km standard gauge: 2,667 km 1.435-m gauge (640 km electrified) (2008)

Djibouti total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)

Dominican Republic total: 1,784 km standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,409 km 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges note: 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076 m, 0.889 m, and 0.762-m gauges (2008)

Ecuador total: 965 km narrow gauge: 965 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Egypt total: 5,500 km standard gauge: 5,500 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2009)

El Salvador total: 283 km narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge note: railways have been inoperable since 2005 because of disuse and high costs that led to a lack of maintenance (2008)

Eritrea total: 306 km narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge (2008)

Estonia total: 1,196 km broad gauge: 1,196 km 1.520 m/1.524-m gauge (131 km electrified) (2008)

Ethiopia total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)

European Union total: 229,450 km (2008)

Fiji total: 597 km narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December (2008)

Finland total: 5,794 km broad gauge: 5,794 km 1.524-m gauge (3,047 km electrified) (2008)

France total: 29,213 km standard gauge: 29,046 km 1.435-m gauge (15,164 km electrified) narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Gabon total: 814 km standard gauge: 814 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Georgia total: 1,612 km broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 electrified) narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 electrified) (2008)

Germany total: 41,896 km standard gauge: 41,641 km 1.435-m gauge (20,053 km electrified) narrow gauge: 75 km 1.000-m gauge (75 km electrified); 180 km 0.750-m gauge (24 km electrified) (2008)

Ghana total: 947 km narrow gauge: 947 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Greece total: 2,548 km standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified) narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Guatemala total: 332 km narrow gauge: 332 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Guinea total: 1,185 km standard gauge: 238 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 947 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Honduras total: 75 km narrow gauge: 75 km 1.067-m gauge (2009)

Hungary total: 8,057 km broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7,802 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

India total: 64,015 km broad gauge: 52,808 km 1.676-m gauge (18,172 km electrified) narrow gauge: 8,473 km 1.000-m gauge; 2,734 km 0.762-m gauge and 0.610-m gauge (2009)

Indonesia total: 8,529 km narrow gauge: 8,529 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2008)

Iran total: 8,442 km broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge standard gauge: 8,348 km 1.435-m gauge (148 km electrified) (2008)

Iraq total: 2,272 km standard gauge: 2,272 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Ireland total: 3,237 km broad gauge: 1,872 km 1.600-m gauge (37 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2008)

Isle of Man total: 63 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.076-m gauge (6 km electrified); 57 km 0.914-m gauge (29 km electrified) note: primarily summer tourist attractions (2008)

Israel total: 949 km standard gauge: 949 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Italy total: 19,729 km standard gauge: 18,317 km 1.435-m gauge (12,458 km electrified) narrow gauge: 123 km 1.000-m gauge (123 km electrified); 1,058 km 0.950-m gauge (151 km electrified); 231 km 0.850-m gauge (2008)

Japan total: 26,435 km standard gauge: 3,978 km 1.435-m gauge (3,978 km electrified) narrow gauge: 96 km 1.372-m gauge (96 km electrified); 22,313 km 1.067-m gauge (15,235 km electrified); 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified) (2009)

Jordan total: 507 km narrow gauge: 507 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)

Kazakhstan total: 15,082 km broad gauge: 15,082 km 1.520-m gauge (3,700 km electrified) (2008)

Kenya total: 2,778 km narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Korea, North total: 5,242 km standard gauge: 5,242 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2009)

Korea, South total: 3,381 km standard gauge: 3,381 km 1.435-m gauge (1,843 km electrified) (2008)

Kosovo total: 430 km standard gauge: 430 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)

Kyrgyzstan total: 470 km broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Latvia total: 2,298 km broad gauge: 2,265 km 1.520-m gauge narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Lebanon total: 401 km standard gauge: 319 km 1.435 m narrow gauge: 82 km 1.050 m note: rail system unusable because of the damage done during fighting in the 1980s and in 2006 (2008)

Liberia total: 429 km standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 84 km 1.067-m gauge note: most sections of the railway are inoperable because of damage suffered during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003 (2008)

Liechtenstein 9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2008)

Lithuania total: 1,768 km broad gauge: 1,746 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge (2009)

Luxembourg total: 275 km standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2008)

Macedonia total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (234 km electrified) (2009)

Madagascar total: 854 km narrow gauge: 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Malawi total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Malaysia total: 1,849 km standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,792 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2008)

Mali total: 593 km narrow gauge: 593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Mauritania 728 km standard gauge: 728 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Mexico total: 17,516 km standard gauge: 17,516 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Moldova total: 1,138 km broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Mongolia total: 1,810 km broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Montenegro total: 250 km standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2007)

Morocco total: 1,907 km standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2008)

Mozambique total: 4,787 km narrow gauge: 4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Namibia total: 2,629 km narrow gauge: 2,629 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Nepal total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2008)

Netherlands total: 2,896 km standard gauge: 2,896 km 1.435-m gauge (2,064 km electrified) (2009)

New Zealand total: 4,128 km narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2008)

Nigeria total: 3,505 km narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Norway total: 4,114 km standard gauge: 4,114 km 1.435-m gauge (2,552 km electrified) (2009)

Pakistan total: 7,791 km broad gauge: 7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 312 km 1.000-m gauge (2007)

Panama total: 76 km standard gauge: 76 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Paraguay total: 36 km standard gauge: 36 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Peru total: 1,989 km standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)

Philippines total: 897 km narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2008)

Poland total: 22,314 km broad gauge: 633 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 21,681 km 1.435-m gauge (11,769 km electrified) (2007)

Portugal total: 2,786 km broad gauge: 2,603 km 1.668-m gauge (1,351 km electrified) narrow gauge: 183 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Romania total: 10,788 km broad gauge: 57 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 10,731 km 1.435-m gauge (3,965 km electrified) (2008)

Russia total: 87,157 km broad gauge: 86,200 km 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified) narrow gauge: 957 km 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island) note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries (2006)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 50 km narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)

Saudi Arabia total: 1,392 km standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings) (2008)

Senegal total: 906 km narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000 meter gauge (2008)

Serbia total: 3,379 km standard gauge: 3,379 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 1,254 km) (2006)

Slovakia total: 3,622 km broad gauge: 99 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 3,473 km 1.435-m gauge (1,577 km electrified) narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2008)

Slovenia total: 1,228 km standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)

South Africa total: 20,872 km narrow gauge: 20,436 km 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified); 436 km 0.610-m gauge (2008)

Spain total: 15,288 km broad gauge: 11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified) standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (1,054 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,949 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified) (2008)

Sri Lanka total: 1,449 km broad gauge: 1,449 km 1.676-m gauge (2007)

Sudan total: 5,978 km narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)

Swaziland total: 301 km narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Sweden total: 11,633 km standard gauge: 11,568 km 1.435-m gauge (7,531 km electrified) narrow gauge: 65 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2008)

Switzerland total: 4,888 km standard gauge: 3,397 km 1.435-m gauge (3,142 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,481 km 1.000-m gauge (1,378 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2008)

Syria total: 2,052 km standard gauge: 1,801 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 251 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)

Taiwan total: 1,582 km standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,091 km 1.067-m gauge; 146 km .762-m gauge note: the 146 km of .762 gauge track belongs primarily to Taiwan Sugar Corporation and Taiwan Forestry Bureau, some to other entities (2008)

Tajikistan total: 680 km broad gauge: 680 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Tanzania total: 3,689 km narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Thailand total: 4,071 km standard gauge: 29 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 4,042 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Togo total: 532 km narrow gauge: 532 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Tunisia total: 2,167 km standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,688 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) dual gauge: 8 km (2008)

Turkey total: 8,697 km standard gauge: 8,697 km 1.435-m gauge (1,920 km electrified) (2008)

Turkmenistan total: 2,980 km broad gauge: 2,980 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Uganda total: 1,244 km narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Ukraine total: 21,658 km broad gauge: 21,658 km 1.524-m gauge (9,729 km electrified) (2009)

United Kingdom total: 16,454 km broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland) standard gauge: 16,151 km 1.435-m gauge (5,248 km electrified) (2008)

United States total: 226,427 km standard gauge: 226,427 km 1.435-m gauge (2007)

Uruguay total: 1,641 km (1,200 km operational) standard gauge: 1,641 km 1.435-m gauge (2010)

Uzbekistan total: 3,645 km broad gauge: 3,645 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2008)

Venezuela total: 806 km standard gauge: 806 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Vietnam total: 2,347 km standard gauge: 178 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 2,169 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

World total: 1,138,632 km (2008)

Zambia total: 2,157 km narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2008)

Zimbabwe total: 3,077 km narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2008)

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Field Listing :: Religions

This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace may be achieved on earth. Baha'i revelation contends the prophets of major world religions reflect some truth or element of the divine, believes all were manifestations of God given to specific communities in specific times, and that Baha'u'llah is an additional prophet meant to call all humankind. Bahais are an open community, located worldwide, with the greatest concentration of believers in South Asia. Buddhism - Religion or philosophy inspired by the 5th century B.C. teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Gautama Buddha "the enlightened one"). Buddhism focuses on the goal of spiritual enlightenment centered on an understanding of Gautama Buddha's Four Noble Truths on the nature of suffering, and on the Eightfold Path of spiritual and moral practice, to break the cycle of suffering of which we are a part. Buddhism ascribes to a karmic system of rebirth. Several schools and sects of Buddhism exist, differing often on the nature of the Buddha, the extent to which enlightenment can be achieved - for one or for all, and by whom - religious orders or laity. Basic Groupings Theravada Buddhism: The oldest Buddhist school, Theravada is practiced mostly in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, and Thailand, with minority representation elsewhere in Asia and the West. Theravadans follow the Pali Canon of Buddha's teachings, and believe that one may escape the cycle of rebirth, worldly attachment, and suffering for oneself; this process may take one or several lifetimes. Mahayana Buddhism, including subsets Zen and Tibetan Buddhism: Forms of Mahayana Buddhism are common in East Asia and Tibet, and parts of the West. Mahayanas have additional scriptures beyond the Pali Canon and believe the Buddha is eternal and still teaching. Unlike Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana schools maintain the Buddha-nature is present in all beings and all will ultimately achieve enlightenment. Christianity - Descending from Judaism, Christianity's central belief maintains Jesus of Nazareth is the promised messiah of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that his life, death, and resurrection are salvific for the world. Christianity is one of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, along with Islam and Judaism, which traces its spiritual lineage to Abraham of the Hebrew Scriptures. Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or the Christian Gospels). Basic Groupings Catholicism (or Roman Catholicism): This is the oldest established western Christian church and the world's largest single religious body. It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at the Vatican. Catholics believe the Pope is the divinely ordered head of the Church from a direct spiritual legacy of Jesus' apostle Peter. Catholicism is comprised of 23 particular Churches, or Rites - one Western (Roman or Latin-Rite) and 22 Eastern. The Latin Rite is by far the largest, making up about 98% of Catholic membership. Eastern-Rite Churches, such as the Maronite Church and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, are in communion with Rome although they preserve their own worship traditions and their immediate hierarchy consists of clergy within their own rite. The Catholic Church has a comprehensive theological and moral doctrine specified for believers in its catechism, which makes it unique among most forms of Christianity. Mormonism (including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints): Originating in 1830 in the United States under Joseph Smith, Mormonism is not characterized as a form of Protestant Christianity because it claims additional revealed Christian scriptures after the Hebrew Bible and New Testament. The Book of Mormon maintains there was an appearance of Jesus in the New World following the Christian account of his resurrection, and that the Americas are uniquely blessed continents. Mormonism believes earlier Christian traditions, such as the Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant reform faiths, are apostasies and that Joseph Smith's revelation of the Book of Mormon is a restoration of true Christianity. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries. Orthodox Christianity: The oldest established eastern form of Christianity, the Holy Orthodox Church, has a ceremonial head in the Bishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), also known as a Patriarch, but its various regional forms (e.g., Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, Ukrainian Orthodox) are autocephalous (independent of Constantinople's authority, and have their own Patriarchs). Orthodox churches are highly nationalist and ethnic. The Orthodox Christian faith shares many theological tenets with the Roman Catholic Church, but diverges on some key premises and does not recognize the governing authority of the Pope. Protestant Christianity: Protestant Christianity originated in the 16th century as an attempt to reform Roman Catholicism's practices, dogma, and theology. It encompasses several forms or denominations which are extremely varied in structure, beliefs, relationship to state, clergy, and governance. Many protestant theologies emphasize the primary role of scripture in their faith, advocating individual interpretation of Christian texts without the mediation of a final religious authority such as the Roman Pope. The oldest Protestant Christianities include Lutheranism, Calvinism (Presbyterians), and Anglican Christianity (Episcopalians), which have established liturgies, governing structure, and formal clergy. Other variants on Protestant Christianity, including Pentecostal movements and independent churches, may lack one or more of these elements, and their leadership and beliefs are individualized and dynamic. Hinduism - Originating in the Vedic civilization of India (second and first millennium B.C.), Hinduism is an extremely diverse set of beliefs and practices with no single founder or religious authority. Hinduism has many scriptures; the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad-Gita are among some of the most important. Hindus may worship one or many deities, usually with prayer rituals within their own home. The most common figures of devotion are the gods Vishnu, Shiva, and a mother goddess, Devi. Most Hindus believe the soul, or atman, is eternal, and goes through a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) determined by one's positive or negative karma, or the consequences of one's actions. The goal of religious life is to learn to act so as to finally achieve liberation (moksha) of one's soul, escaping the rebirth cycle. Islam - The third of the monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, Islam originated with the teachings of Muhammad in the 7th century. Muslims believe Muhammad is the final of all religious prophets (beginning with Abraham) and that the Qu'ran, which is the Islamic scripture, was revealed to him by God. Islam derives from the word submission, and obedience to God is a primary theme in this religion. In order to live an Islamic life, believers must follow the five pillars, or tenets, of Islam, which are the testimony of faith (shahada), daily prayer (salah), giving alms (zakah), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). Basic Groupings The two primary branches of Islam are Sunni and Shia, which split from each other over a religio-political leadership dispute about the rightful successor to Muhammad. The Shia believe Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the only divinely ordained Imam (religious leader), while the Sunni maintain the first three caliphs after Muhammad were also legitimate authorities. In modern Islam, Sunnis and Shia continue to have different views of acceptable schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and who is a proper Islamic religious authority. Islam also has an active mystical branch, Sufism, with various Sunni and Shia subsets. Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population. It recognizes the Abu Bakr as the first caliph after Muhammad. Sunni has four schools of Islamic doctrine and law - Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali - which uniquely interpret the Hadith, or recorded oral traditions of Muhammad. A Sunni Muslim may elect to follow any one of these schools, as all are considered equally valid. Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide, and its distinguishing feature is its reverence for Ali as an infallible, divinely inspired leader, and as the first Imam of the Muslim community after Muhammad. A majority of Shia are known as "Twelvers," because they believe that the 11 familial successor imams after Muhammad culminate in a 12th Imam (al-Mahdi) who is hidden in the world and will reappear at its end to redeem the righteous. Variants Ismaili faith: A sect of Shia Islam, its adherents are also known as "Seveners," because they believe that the rightful seventh Imam in Islamic leadership was Isma'il, the elder son of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq. Ismaili tradition awaits the return of the seventh Imam as the Mahdi, or Islamic messianic figure. Ismailis are located in various parts of the world, particularly South Asia and the Levant. Alawi faith: Another Shia sect of Islam, the name reflects followers' devotion to the religious authority of Ali. Alawites are a closed, secretive religious group who assert they are Shia Muslims, although outside scholars speculate their beliefs may have a syncretic mix with other faiths originating in the Middle East. Alawis live mostly in Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey. Druze faith: A highly secretive tradition and a closed community that derives from the Ismaili sect of Islam; its core beliefs are thought to emphasize a combination of Gnostic principles believing that the Fatimid caliph, al-Hakin, is the one who embodies the key aspects of goodness of the universe, which are, the intellect, the word, the soul, the preceder, and the follower. The Druze have a key presence in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. Jainism - Originating in India, Jain spiritual philosophy believes in an eternal human soul, the eternal universe, and a principle of "the own nature of things." It emphasizes compassion for all living things, seeks liberation of the human soul from reincarnation through enlightenment, and values personal responsibility due to the belief in the immediate consequences of one's behavior. Jain philosophy teaches non-violence and prescribes vegetarianism for monks and laity alike; its adherents are a highly influential religious minority in Indian society. Judaism - One of the first known monotheistic religions, likely dating to between 2000-1500 B.C., Judaism is the native faith of the Jewish people, based upon the belief in a covenant of responsibility between a sole omnipotent creator God and Abraham, the patriarch of Judaism's Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. Divine revelation of principles and prohibitions in the Hebrew Scriptures form the basis of Jewish law, or halakhah, which is a key component of the faith. While there are extensive traditions of Jewish halakhic and theological discourse, there is no final dogmatic authority in the tradition. Local communities have their own religious leadership. Modern Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform/Liberal. These differ in their views and observance of Jewish law, with the Orthodox representing the most traditional practice, and Reform/Liberal communities the most accommodating of individualized interpretations of Jewish identity and faith. Shintoism - A native animist tradition of Japan, Shinto practice is based upon the premise that every being and object has its own spirit or kami. Shinto practitioners worship several particular kamis, including the kamis of nature, and families often have shrines to their ancestors' kamis. Shintoism has no fixed tradition of prayers or prescribed dogma, but is characterized by individual ritual. Respect for the kamis in nature is a key Shinto value. Prior to the end of World War II, Shinto was the state religion of Japan, and bolstered the cult of the Japanese emperor. Sikhism - Founded by the Guru Nanak (born 1469), Sikhism believes in a non-anthropomorphic, supreme, eternal, creator God; centering one's devotion to God is seen as a means of escaping the cycle of rebirth. Sikhs follow the teachings of Nanak and nine subsequent gurus. Their scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib - also known as the Adi Granth - is considered the living Guru, or final authority of Sikh faith and theology. Sikhism emphasizes equality of humankind and disavows caste, class, or gender discrimination. Taoism - Chinese philosophy or religion based upon Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching, which centers on belief in the Tao, or the way, as the flow of the universe and the nature of things. Taoism encourages a principle of non-force, or wu-wei, as the means to live harmoniously with the Tao. Taoists believe the esoteric world is made up of a perfect harmonious balance and nature, while in the manifest world - particularly in the body - balance is distorted. The Three Jewels of the Tao - compassion, simplicity, and humility - serve as the basis for Taoist ethics. Zoroastrianism - Originating from the teachings of Zoroaster in about the 9th or 10th century B.C., Zoroastrianism may be the oldest continuing creedal religion. Its key beliefs center on a transcendent creator God, Ahura Mazda, and the concept of free will. The key ethical tenets of Zoroastrianism expressed in its scripture, the Avesta, are based on a dualistic worldview where one may prevent chaos if one chooses to serve God and exercises good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. Zoroastrianism is generally a closed religion and members are almost always born to Zoroastrian parents. Prior to the spread of Islam, Zoroastrianism dominated greater Iran. Today, though a minority, Zoroastrians remain primarily in Iran, India, and Pakistan. Country

Religions(%)

Afghanistan Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

Albania Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: percentages are estimates; there are no available current statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice

Algeria Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%

American Samoa Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%

Andorra Roman Catholic (predominant)

Angola indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Anguilla Anglican 29%, Methodist 23.9%, other Protestant 30.2%, Roman Catholic 5.7%, other Christian 1.7%, other 5.2%, none or unspecified 4.3% (2001 census)

Antigua and Barbuda Anglican 25.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%, Roman Catholic 10.4%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%, other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)

Argentina nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%

Armenia Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%

Aruba Roman Catholic 80.8%, Evangelist 4.1%, Protestant 2.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%, Methodist 1.2%, Jewish 0.2%, other 5.1%, none or unspecified 4.6%

Australia Catholic 25.8%, Anglican 18.7%, Uniting Church 5.7%, Presbyterian and Reformed 3%, Eastern Orthodox 2.7%, other Christian 7.9%, Buddhist 2.1%, Muslim 1.7%, other 2.4%, unspecified 11.3%, none 18.7% (2006 Census)

Austria Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)

Azerbaijan Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.) note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower

Bahamas, The Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Roman Catholic 13.5%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)

Bahrain Muslim (Shia and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)

Bangladesh Muslim 89.5%, Hindu 9.6%, other 0.9% (2004)

Barbados Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%, Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian 7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)

Belarus Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)

Belgium Roman Catholic 75%, other (includes Protestant) 25%

Belize Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%, Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist 3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)

Benin Christian 42.8% (Catholic 27.1%, Celestial 5%, Methodist 3.2%, other Protestant 2.2%, other 5.3%), Muslim 24.4%, Vodoun 17.3%, other 15.5% (2002 census)

Bermuda Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%, unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)

Bhutan Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%

Bolivia Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%

Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%

Botswana Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)

Brazil Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)

British Virgin Islands Protestant 86% (Methodist 33%, Anglican 17%, Church of God 9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 15%), Roman Catholic 10%, other 2%, none 2% (1991)

Brunei Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%

Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)

Burkina Faso Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%

Burma Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%

Burundi Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

Cambodia Buddhist 96.4%, Muslim 2.1%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.2% (1998 census)

Cameroon indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

Canada Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)

Cape Verde Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)

Cayman Islands Church of God 25.5%, Roman Catholic 12.6%, Presbyterian / United Church 9.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.4%, Baptist 8.3%, Pentecostal 6.7%, Anglican 3.9%, other religions 4%, non-denominational 5.7%, other 6.5%, none 6.1%, unspecified 3.2% (2007)

Central African Republic indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15% note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority

Chad Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)

Chile Roman Catholic 70%, Evangelical 15.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, other Christian 1%, other 4.6%, none 8.3% (2002 census)

China Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% note: officially atheist (2002 est.)

Christmas Island Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Sunni Muslim 80%, other 20% (2002 est.)

Colombia Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

Comoros Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 10%

Congo, Republic of the Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%

Cook Islands Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh-Day Adventists 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census)

Costa Rica Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%

Cote d'Ivoire Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.) note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)

Croatia Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)

Cuba nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented

Curacao Roman Catholic 80.1%, Protestant 5.5%, none 4.6%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.7%, Jewish 0.8%, other 1.3%, not reported 0.3% (2001 census)

Cyprus Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%

Czech Republic Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)

Denmark Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%

Djibouti Muslim 94%, Christian 6%

Dominica Roman Catholic 61.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 6%, Pentecostal 5.6%, Baptist 4.1%, Methodist 3.7%, Church of God 1.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.2%, other Christian 7.7%, Rastafarian 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.6%, none 6.1% (2001 census)

Dominican Republic Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%

Ecuador Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%

Egypt Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%

El Salvador Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 21.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.9%, Mormon 0.7%, other religions 2.3%, none 16.8% (2003 est.)

Equatorial Guinea nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices

Eritrea Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant

Estonia Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)

Ethiopia Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)

European Union Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Christian 67.2%, none 31.5%, other 1.3% (2006 census)

Faroe Islands Evangelical Lutheran 83.8%, other and unspecified 16.2% (2006 census)

Fiji Christian 64.5% (Methodist 34.6%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%, other 10.4%), Hindu 27.9%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other or unspecified 0.3%, none 0.7% (2007 census)

Finland Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006)

France Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated 4% overseas departments: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, pagan

French Polynesia Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%

Gabon Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%

Gambia, The Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%

Gaza Strip Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 99.3%, Christian 0.7%

Georgia Orthodox Christian 83.9%, Muslim 9.9%, Armenian-Gregorian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%, none 0.7% (2002 census)

Germany Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%

Ghana Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%), Muslim 15.9%, traditional 8.5%, other 0.7%, none 6.1% (2000 census)

Gibraltar Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)

Greece Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%

Greenland Evangelical Lutheran

Grenada Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%

Guam Roman Catholic 85%, other 15% (1999 est.)

Guatemala Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs

Guernsey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist

Guinea Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%

Guinea-Bissau Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 10%

Guyana Hindu 28.4%, Pentecostal 16.9%, Roman Catholic 8.1%, Anglican 6.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 5%, Methodist 1.7%, Jehovah Witness 1.1%, other Christian 17.7%, Muslim 7.2%, other 4.3%, none 4.3% (2002 census)

Haiti Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% note: roughly half of the population practices voodoo

Holy See (Vatican City) Roman Catholic

Honduras Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%

Hong Kong eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%

Hungary Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)

Iceland Lutheran Church of Iceland 80.7%, Roman Catholic Church 2.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.4%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.6%, other religions 3.6%, unaffiliated 3%, other or unspecified 6.2% (2006 est.)

India Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

Indonesia Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)

Iran Muslim 98% (Shia 89%, Sunni 9%), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i) 2%

Iraq Muslim 97% (Shia 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%

Ireland Roman Catholic 87.4%, Church of Ireland 2.9%, other Christian 1.9%, other 2.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.2% (2006 census)

Isle of Man Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends

Israel Jewish 75.5%, Muslim 16.8%, Christian 2.1%, Druze 1.7%, other 3.9% (2008)

Italy Roman Catholic 90% (approximately; about one-third practicing), other 10% (includes mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community)

Jamaica Protestant 62.5% (Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, Pentecostal 9.5%, Other Church of God 8.3%, Baptist 7.2%, New Testament Church of God 6.3%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.3%, Anglican 3.6%, other Christian 7.7%), Roman Catholic 2.6%, other or unspecified 14.2%, none 20.9%, (2001 census)

Japan Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8% note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people belong to both Shintoism and Buddhism (2005)

Jersey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian

Jordan Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shia Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)

Kazakhstan Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%

Kenya Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, Muslim 10%, indigenous beliefs 10%, other 2% note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely

Kiribati Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 36%, Mormon 3.1%, Bahai 2.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.9%, other 1.8% (2005 census)

Korea, North traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom

Korea, South Christian 26.3% (Protestant 19.7%, Roman Catholic 6.6%), Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3% (1995 census)

Kosovo Muslim, Serbian Orthodox, Roman Catholic

Kuwait Muslim 85% (Sunni 70%, Shia 30%), other (includes Christian, Hindu, Parsi) 15%

Kyrgyzstan Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%

Laos Buddhist 67%, Christian 1.5%, other and unspecified 31.5% (2005 census)

Latvia Lutheran 19.6%, Orthodox 15.3%, other Christian 1%, other 0.4%, unspecified 63.7% (2006)

Lebanon Muslim 59.7% (Shia, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 39% (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant), other 1.3% note: 17 religious sects recognized

Lesotho Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%

Liberia Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.4% (2008 Census)

Libya Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3%

Liechtenstein Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)

Lithuania Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)

Luxembourg Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)

Macau Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none or other 35% (1997 est.)

Macedonia Macedonian Orthodox 64.7%, Muslim 33.3%, other Christian 0.37%, other and unspecified 1.63% (2002 census)

Madagascar indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%

Malawi Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)

Malaysia Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8% (2000 census)

Maldives Sunni Muslim

Mali Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous beliefs 9%

Malta Roman Catholic 98%

Marshall Islands Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)

Mauritania Muslim 100%

Mauritius Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)

Mayotte Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) 3%

Mexico Roman Catholic 76.5%, Protestant 6.3% (Pentecostal 1.4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.1%, other 3.8%), other 0.3%, unspecified 13.8%, none 3.1% (2000 census)

Micronesia, Federated States of Roman Catholic 52.7%, Congregational 40.1%, Baptist 0.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 0.7%, other 3.8%, none or unspecified 0.8% (2000 Census)

Moldova Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)

Monaco Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%

Mongolia Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)

Montenegro Orthodox 74.2%, Muslim 17.7%, Catholic 3.5%, other 0.6%, unspecified 3%, atheist 1% (2003 census)

Montserrat Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations

Morocco Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%

Mozambique Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)

Namibia Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%

Nauru Nauru Congregational 35.4%, Roman Catholic 33.2%, Nauru Independent Church 10.4%, other 14.1%, none 4.5%, unspecified 2.4% (2002 census)

Nepal Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census)

Netherlands Roman Catholic 30%, Dutch Reformed 11%, Calvinist 6%, other Protestant 3%, Muslim 5.8%, other 2.2%, none 42% (2006)

New Caledonia Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%

New Zealand Anglican 13.8%, Roman Catholic 12.6%, Presbyterian, Congregational, and Reformed 10%, Christian (no denomination specified) 4.6%, Methodist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Baptist 1.4%, other Christian 3.8%, Maori Christian 1.6%, Hindu 1.6%, Buddhist 1.3%, other religions 2.2%, none 32.2%, other or unidentified 9.9% (2006 Census)

Nicaragua Roman Catholic 58.5%, Evangelical 21.6%, Moravian 1.6%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 1.7%, none 15.7% (2005 census)

Niger Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%

Nigeria Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Niue Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census)

Norfolk Island Anglican 31.8%, Roman Catholic 11.5%, Uniting Church in Australia 10.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.2%, other Christian 5.6%, none 19.9%, unspecified 16.6% (2006 census)

Northern Mariana Islands Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)

Norway Church of Norway 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)

Oman Ibadhi Muslim 75%, other (includes Sunni Muslim, Shia Muslim, Hindu) 25%

Pakistan Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5%

Palau Roman Catholic 41.6%, Protestant 23.3%, Modekngei 8.8% (indigenous to Palau), Seventh-Day Adventist 5.3%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, Latter-Day Saints 0.6%, other 3.1%, unspecified or none 16.4% (2000 census)

Panama Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%

Papua New Guinea Roman Catholic 27%, Evangelical Lutheran 19.5%, United Church 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, Pentecostal 8.6%, Evangelical Alliance 5.2%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.5%, other Protestant 8.9%, Bahai 0.3%, indigenous beliefs and other 3.3% (2000 census)

Paraguay Roman Catholic 89.6%, Protestant 6.2%, other Christian 1.1%, other or unspecified 1.9%, none 1.1% (2002 census)

Peru Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)

Philippines Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)

Pitcairn Islands Seventh-Day Adventist 100%

Poland Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)

Portugal Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)

Puerto Rico Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%

Qatar Muslim 77.5%, Christian 8.5%, other 14% (2004 census)

Romania Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)

Russia Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule

Rwanda Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)

Saint Barthelemy Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jehovah's Witness

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic

Saint Kitts and Nevis Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic

Saint Lucia Roman Catholic 67.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Rastafarian 2.1%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%, other Christian 5.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)

Saint Martin Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant, Hindu

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, other (includes Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant) 12%

Samoa Congregationalist 34.8%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-Day Saints 12.7%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

San Marino Roman Catholic

Sao Tome and Principe Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)

Saudi Arabia Muslim 100%

Senegal Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%

Serbia Serbian Orthodox 85%, Catholic 5.5%, Protestant 1.1%, Muslim 3.2%, unspecified 2.6%, other, unknown, or atheist 2.6% (2002 census)

Seychelles Roman Catholic 82.3%, Anglican 6.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.1%, other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)

Sierra Leone Muslim 60%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs 30%

Singapore Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)

Sint Maarten Roman Catholic 39%, Protestant 27%, Pentecostal 11.6%, none 6.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.2%, other 5.4%, Jewish 3.4%, not reported 0.7% (2001 census)

Slovakia Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)

Slovenia Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)

Solomon Islands Church of Melanesia 32.8%, Roman Catholic 19%, South Seas Evangelical 17%, Seventh-Day Adventist 11.2%, United Church 10.3%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.4%, other Christian 4.4%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2% (1999 census)

Somalia Sunni Muslim

South Africa Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)

Spain Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%

Sri Lanka Buddhist 69.1%, Muslim 7.6%, Hindu 7.1%, Christian 6.2%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)

Sudan Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum), indigenous beliefs 25%

Suriname Hindu 27.4%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), Roman Catholic 22.8%, Muslim 19.6%, indigenous beliefs 5%

Swaziland Zionist 40% (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship), Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, other (includes Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish) 30%

Sweden Lutheran 87%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 13%

Switzerland Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Muslim 4.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1% (2000 census)

Syria Sunni Muslim 74%, other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)

Taiwan mixture of Buddhist and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%

Tajikistan Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)

Tanzania mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim

Thailand Buddhist 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)

Timor-Leste Roman Catholic 98%, Muslim 1%, Protestant 1% (2005)

Togo Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%

Tokelau Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant

Tonga Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)

Trinidad and Tobago Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Muslim 5.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other Christian 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)

Tunisia Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%

Turkey Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

Turkmenistan Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

Turks and Caicos Islands Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)

Tuvalu Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%

Uganda Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)

Ukraine Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2% (2006 est.)

United Arab Emirates Muslim 96% (Shia 16%), other (includes Christian, Hindu) 4%

United Kingdom Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)

United States Protestant 51.3%, Roman Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%, Jewish 1.7%, Buddhist 0.7%, Muslim 0.6%, other or unspecified 2.5%, unaffiliated 12.1%, none 4% (2007 est.)

Uruguay Roman Catholic 47.1%, non-Catholic Christians 11.1%, nondenominational 23.2%, Jewish 0.3%, atheist or agnostic 17.2%, other 1.1% (2006)

Uzbekistan Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

Vanuatu Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Roman Catholic 13.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census)

Venezuela nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%

Vietnam Buddhist 9.3%, Catholic 6.7%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Protestant 0.5%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8% (1999 census)

Virgin Islands Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%

Wallis and Futuna Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%

West Bank Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%

Western Sahara Muslim

World Christians 33.32% (of which Roman Catholics 16.99%, Protestants 5.78%, Orthodox 3.53%, Anglicans 1.25%), Muslims 21.01%, Hindus 13.26%, Buddhists 5.84%, Sikhs 0.35%, Jews 0.23%, Baha'is 0.12%, other religions 11.78%, non-religious 11.77%, atheists 2.32% (2007 est.)

Yemen Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shia), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu

Zambia Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%

Zimbabwe syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%

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Field Listing :: Suffrage

This entry gives the age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted. Country

Suffrage

Afghanistan 18 years of age; universal

Albania 18 years of age; universal

Algeria 18 years of age; universal

American Samoa 18 years of age; universal

Andorra 18 years of age; universal

Angola 18 years of age; universal

Anguilla 18 years of age; universal

Antigua and Barbuda 18 years of age; universal

Argentina 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Armenia 18 years of age; universal

Aruba 18 years of age; universal

Australia 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Austria 16 years of age; universal; note - reduced from 18 years of age in 2007

Azerbaijan 18 years of age; universal

Bahamas, The 18 years of age; universal

Bahrain 20 years of age; universal

Bangladesh 18 years of age; universal

Barbados 18 years of age; universal

Belarus 18 years of age; universal

Belgium 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Belize 18 years of age; universal

Benin 18 years of age; universal

Bermuda 18 years of age; universal

Bhutan 18 years of age; universal

Bolivia 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Botswana 18 years of age; universal

Brazil voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote

British Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal

Brunei 18 years of age for village elections; universal

Bulgaria 18 years of age; universal

Burkina Faso 18 years of age; universal

Burma 18 years of age; universal

Burundi 18 years of age; universal (adult)

Cambodia 18 years of age; universal

Cameroon 20 years of age; universal

Canada 18 years of age; universal

Cape Verde 18 years of age; universal

Cayman Islands 18 years of age; universal

Central African Republic 21 years of age; universal

Chad 18 years of age; universal

Chile 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

China 18 years of age; universal

Christmas Island 18 years of age

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18 years of age

Colombia 18 years of age; universal

Comoros 18 years of age; universal

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Congo, Republic of the 18 years of age; universal

Cook Islands 18 years of age; universal (adult)

Costa Rica 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Cote d'Ivoire 18 years of age; universal

Croatia 18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Cuba 16 years of age; universal

Curacao 18 years of age; universal

Cyprus 18 years of age; universal

Czech Republic 18 years of age; universal

Denmark 18 years of age; universal

Djibouti 18 years of age; universal

Dominica 18 years of age; universal

Dominican Republic 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age; note - members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote

Ecuador 16 years of age; universal, compulsory for persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters

Egypt 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

El Salvador 18 years of age; universal

Equatorial Guinea 18 years of age; universal

Eritrea 18 years of age; universal

Estonia 18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens

Ethiopia 18 years of age; universal

European Union 18 years of age; universal

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 18 years of age; universal

Faroe Islands 18 years of age; universal

Fiji 21 years of age; universal

Finland 18 years of age; universal

France 18 years of age; universal

French Polynesia 18 years of age; universal

Gabon 21 years of age; universal

Gambia, The 18 years of age; universal

Georgia 18 years of age; universal

Germany 18 years of age; universal

Ghana 18 years of age; universal

Gibraltar 18 years of age; universal; and British citizens who have been residents six months or more

Greece 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Greenland 18 years of age; universal

Grenada 18 years of age; universal

Guam 18 years of age; universal; US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Guatemala 18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day

Guernsey 16 years of age; universal

Guinea 18 years of age; universal

Guinea-Bissau 18 years of age; universal

Guyana 18 years of age; universal

Haiti 18 years of age; universal

Holy See (Vatican City) limited to cardinals less than 80 years old

Honduras 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Hong Kong direct election - 18 years of age for half the legislature and a majority of seats in 18 district councils; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years indirect election - limited to about 220,000 members of functional constituencies for the other half of the legislature and an 800-member election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad sectoral groupings, central government bodies, and municipal organizations

Hungary 18 years of age; universal

Iceland 18 years of age; universal

India 18 years of age; universal

Indonesia 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age

Iran 18 years of age; universal

Iraq 18 years of age; universal

Ireland 18 years of age; universal

Isle of Man 16 years of age; universal

Israel 18 years of age; universal

Italy 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)

Jamaica 18 years of age; universal

Japan 20 years of age; universal

Jersey 16 years of age; universal

Jordan 18 years of age; universal

Kazakhstan 18 years of age; universal

Kenya 18 years of age; universal

Kiribati 18 years of age; universal

Korea, North 17 years of age; universal

Korea, South 19 years of age; universal

Kosovo 18 years of age; universal

Kuwait 21 years of age; universal (adult); note - males in the military or police are not allowed to vote; adult females were allowed to vote as of 16 May 2005; all voters must have been citizens for 20 years

Kyrgyzstan 18 years of age; universal

Laos 18 years of age; universal

Latvia 18 years of age; universal for Latvian citizens

Lebanon 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education; excludes military personnel

Lesotho 18 years of age; universal

Liberia 18 years of age; universal

Libya 18 years of age; universal and technically compulsory

Liechtenstein 18 years of age; universal

Lithuania 18 years of age; universal

Luxembourg 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Macau direct election 18 years of age for some non-executive positions, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies

Macedonia 18 years of age; universal

Madagascar 18 years of age; universal

Malawi 18 years of age; universal

Malaysia 21 years of age; universal

Maldives 18 years of age; universal

Mali 18 years of age; universal

Malta 18 years of age; universal

Marshall Islands 18 years of age; universal

Mauritania 18 years of age; universal

Mauritius 18 years of age; universal

Mayotte 18 years of age; universal

Mexico 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)

Micronesia, Federated States of 18 years of age; universal

Moldova 18 years of age; universal

Monaco 18 years of age; universal

Mongolia 18 years of age; universal

Montenegro 18 years of age; universal

Montserrat 18 years of age; universal

Morocco 18 years of age; universal

Mozambique 18 years of age; universal

Namibia 18 years of age; universal

Nauru 20 years of age; universal and compulsory

Nepal 18 years of age; universal

Netherlands 18 years of age; universal

New Caledonia 18 years of age; universal

New Zealand 18 years of age; universal

Nicaragua 16 years of age; universal

Niger 18 years of age; universal

Nigeria 18 years of age; universal

Niue 18 years of age; universal

Norfolk Island 18 years of age; universal

Northern Mariana Islands 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Norway 18 years of age; universal

Oman 21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces are not allowed to vote

Pakistan 18 years of age; universal; joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims

Palau 18 years of age; universal

Panama 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Papua New Guinea 18 years of age; universal

Paraguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 75

Peru 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70

Philippines 18 years of age; universal

Pitcairn Islands 18 years of age; universal with three years residency

Poland 18 years of age; universal

Portugal 18 years of age; universal

Puerto Rico 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Qatar 18 years of age; universal

Romania 18 years of age; universal

Russia 18 years of age; universal

Rwanda 18 years of age; universal

Saint Barthelemy 18 years of age, universal

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 years of age; universal

Saint Lucia 18 years of age; universal

Saint Martin 18 years of age, universal

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 18 years of age; universal

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18 years of age; universal

Samoa 21 years of age; universal

San Marino 18 years of age; universal

Sao Tome and Principe 18 years of age; universal

Saudi Arabia 21 years of age; male

Senegal 18 years of age; universal

Serbia 18 years of age; universal

Seychelles 17 years of age; universal

Sierra Leone 18 years of age; universal

Singapore 21 years of age; universal and compulsory

Sint Maarten 18 years of age; universal

Slovakia 18 years of age; universal

Slovenia 18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Solomon Islands 21 years of age; universal

Somalia 18 years of age; universal

South Africa 18 years of age; universal

Spain 18 years of age; universal

Sri Lanka 18 years of age; universal

Sudan 17 years of age; universal

Suriname 18 years of age; universal

Swaziland 18 years of age

Sweden 18 years of age; universal

Switzerland 18 years of age; universal

Syria 18 years of age; universal

Taiwan 20 years of age; universal

Tajikistan 18 years of age; universal

Tanzania 18 years of age; universal

Thailand 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Timor-Leste 17 years of age; universal

Togo 18 years of age; universal (adult)

Tokelau 21 years of age; universal

Tonga 21 years of age; universal

Trinidad and Tobago 18 years of age; universal

Tunisia 18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months

Turkey 18 years of age; universal

Turkmenistan 18 years of age; universal

Turks and Caicos Islands 18 years of age; universal

Tuvalu 18 years of age; universal

Uganda 18 years of age; universal

Ukraine 18 years of age; universal

United Arab Emirates none

United Kingdom 18 years of age; universal

United States 18 years of age; universal

Uruguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Uzbekistan 18 years of age; universal

Vanuatu 18 years of age; universal

Venezuela 18 years of age; universal

Vietnam 18 years of age; universal

Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Wallis and Futuna 18 years of age; universal

Western Sahara none; (residents of Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara participate in Moroccan elections)

Yemen 18 years of age; universal

Zambia 18 years of age; universal

Zimbabwe 18 years of age; universal

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@2124

Field Listing :: Telephone system

This entry includes a brief general assessment of the system with details on the domestic and international components. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Arabsat - Arab Satellite Communications Organization (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Autodin - Automatic Digital Network (US Department of Defense). CB - citizen's band mobile radio communications. Cellular telephone system - the telephones in this system are radio transceivers, with each instrument having its own private radio frequency and sufficient radiated power to reach the booster station in its area (cell), from which the telephone signal is fed to a telephone exchange. Central American Microwave System - a trunk microwave radio relay system that links the countries of Central America and Mexico with each other. Coaxial cable - a multichannel communication cable consisting of a central conducting wire, surrounded by and insulated from a cylindrical conducting shell; a large number of telephone channels can be made available within the insulated space by the use of a large number of carrier frequencies. Comsat - Communications Satellite Corporation (US). DSN - Defense Switched Network (formerly Automatic Voice Network or Autovon); basic general-purpose, switched voice network of the Defense Communications System (US Department of Defense). Eutelsat - European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Paris). Fiber-optic cable - a multichannel communications cable using a thread of optical glass fibers as a transmission medium in which the signal (voice, video, etc.) is in the form of a coded pulse of light. GSM - a global system for mobile (cellular) communications devised by the Groupe Special Mobile of the pan-European standardization organization, Conference Europeanne des Posts et Telecommunications (CEPT) in 1982. HF - high frequency; any radio frequency in the 3,000- to 30,000-kHz range. Inmarsat - International Maritime Satellite Organization (London); provider of global mobile satellite communications for commercial, distress, and safety applications at sea, in the air, and on land. Intelsat - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Washington, DC). Intersputnik - International Organization of Space Communications (Moscow); first established in the former Soviet Union and the East European countries, it is now marketing its services worldwide with earth stations in North America, Africa, and East Asia. Landline - communication wire or cable of any sort that is installed on poles or buried in the ground. Marecs - Maritime European Communications Satellite used in the Inmarsat system on lease from the European Space Agency. Marisat - satellites of the Comsat Corporation that participate in the Inmarsat system. Medarabtel - the Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) providing a modern telecommunications network, primarily by microwave radio relay, linking Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen; it was initially started in Morocco in 1970 by the Arab Telecommunications Union (ATU) and was known at that time as the Middle East Mediterranean Telecommunications Network. Microwave radio relay - transmission of long distance telephone calls and television programs by highly directional radio microwaves that are received and sent on from one booster station to another on an optical path. NMT - Nordic Mobile Telephone; an analog cellular telephone system that was developed jointly by the national telecommunications authorities of the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). Orbita - a Russian television service; also the trade name of a packet-switched digital telephone network. Radiotelephone communications - the two-way transmission and reception of sounds by broadcast radio on authorized frequencies using telephone handsets. PanAmSat - PanAmSat Corporation (Greenwich, CT). SAFE - South African Far East Cable Satellite communication system - a communication system consisting of two or more earth stations and at least one satellite that provide long distance transmission of voice, data, and television; the system usually serves as a trunk connection between telephone exchanges; if the earth stations are in the same country, it is a domestic system. Satellite earth station - a communications facility with a microwave radio transmitting and receiving antenna and required receiving and transmitting equipment for communicating with satellites. Satellite link - a radio connection between a satellite and an earth station permitting communication between them, either one-way (down link from satellite to earth station - television receive-only transmission) or two-way (telephone channels). SHF - super high frequency; any radio frequency in the 3,000- to 30,000-MHz range. Shortwave - radio frequencies (from 1.605 to 30 MHz) that fall above the commercial broadcast band and are used for communication over long distances. Solidaridad - geosynchronous satellites in Mexico's system of international telecommunications in the Western Hemisphere. Statsionar - Russia's geostationary system for satellite telecommunications. Submarine cable - a cable designed for service under water. TAT - Trans-Atlantic Telephone; any of a number of high-capacity submarine coaxial telephone cables linking Europe with North America. Telefax - facsimile service between subscriber stations via the public switched telephone network or the international Datel network. Telegraph - a telecommunications system designed for unmodulated electric impulse transmission. Telex - a communication service involving teletypewriters connected by wire through automatic exchanges. Tropospheric scatter - a form of microwave radio transmission in which the troposphere is used to scatter and reflect a fraction of the incident radio waves back to earth; powerful, highly directional antennas are used to transmit and receive the microwave signals; reliable over-the-horizon communications are realized for distances up to 600 miles in a single hop; additional hops can extend the range of this system for very long distances. Trunk network - a network of switching centers, connected by multichannel trunk lines. UHF - ultra high frequency; any radio frequency in the 300- to 3,000-MHz range. VHF - very high frequency; any radio frequency in the 30- to 300-MHz range. Country