Y (continued 51)

Zambia lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed elevation in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

Zimbabwe lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m

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@2021

Field Listing :: Natural hazards

This entry lists potential natural disasters. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes. Country

Natural hazards

Afghanistan damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts

Albania destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought

Algeria mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season

American Samoa typhoons common from December to March volcanism: American Samoa experiences limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands, neither has erupted since the 19th century

Andorra avalanches

Angola locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Anguilla frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)

Antarctica katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf

Antigua and Barbuda hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts

Arctic Ocean ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May

Argentina San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas volcanism: Argentina experiences volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (elev. 2,997 m, 9,833 ft) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma

Armenia occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

Aruba hurricanes; lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened

Ashmore and Cartier Islands surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards

Atlantic Ocean icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December)

Australia cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires volcanism: volcanic activity occurs on the Heard and McDonald Islands

Austria landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

Azerbaijan droughts

Bahamas, The hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage

Bahrain periodic droughts; dust storms

Bangladesh droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

Barbados infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides

Belarus NA

Belgium flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Belize frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)

Benin hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March

Bermuda hurricanes (June to November)

Bhutan violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season

Bolivia flooding in the northeast (March-April) volcanism: Bolivia experiences volcanic activity in Andes Mountains on the border with Chile; historically active volcanoes in this region are Irruputuncu (elev. 5,163 m, 16,939 ft), which last erupted in 1995 and Olca-Paruma

Bosnia and Herzegovina destructive earthquakes

Botswana periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility

Bouvet Island NA

Brazil recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

British Indian Ocean Territory NA

British Virgin Islands hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)

Brunei typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare

Bulgaria earthquakes; landslides

Burkina Faso recurring droughts

Burma destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts

Burundi flooding; landslides; drought

Cambodia monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts

Cameroon volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes volcanism: Mt. Cameroon (elev. 4,095 m, 13,435 ft), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986

Canada continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant

Cape Verde prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active volcanism: Fogo (elev. 2,829 m, 9,281 ft), which last erupted in 1995, is Cape Verde's only active volcano

Cayman Islands hurricanes (July to November)

Central African Republic hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common

Chad hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Chile severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis volcanism: Chile experiences significant volcanic activity due to the more than three-dozen active volcanoes situated within the Andes Mountains; Lascar (elev. 5,592 m, 18,346 ft), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (elev. 3,125 m, 10,253 ft) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, San Pedro, and Villarrica

China frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries

Christmas Island the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

Clipperton Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands cyclone season is October to April

Colombia highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts volcanism: Galeras (elev. 4,276 m, 14,029 ft) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (elev. 5,321 m, 17,453 ft), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace

Comoros cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore volcanism: Karthala (elev. 2,361 m, 7,746 ft) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud

Congo, Democratic Republic of the periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes volcanism: Nyiragongo (elev. 3,470 m, 11,384 ft), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter of a million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km (60 mi)/hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano

Congo, Republic of the seasonal flooding

Cook Islands typhoons (November to March)

Coral Sea Islands occasional tropical cyclones

Costa Rica occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes volcanism: Arenal (elev. 1,670 m, 5,479 ft), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (elev. 3,432 m, 11,260 ft), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba

Cote d'Ivoire coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible

Croatia destructive earthquakes

Cuba the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common

Curacao Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened

Cyprus moderate earthquake activity; droughts

Czech Republic flooding

Denmark flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes

Djibouti earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods volcanism: Djibouti experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (elev. 298 m, 978 ft) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active

Dominica flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months

Dominican Republic lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts

Ecuador frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts volcanism: Ecuador experiences volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Sangay (elev. 5,230 m, 17,159 ft), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (elev. 1,476 m, 4,842 ft), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago

Egypt periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms; sandstorms

El Salvador known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes volcanism: El Salvador experiences significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (elev. 1,893 m, 6,211 ft), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (elev. 2,130 m, 6,988 ft), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana

Equatorial Guinea violent windstorms; flash floods volcanism: Santa Isabel (elev. 3,007 m, 9,865 ft), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, forms Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea

Eritrea frequent droughts; locust swarms volcanism: Dubbi (elev. 1,625 m, 5,331 ft), which last erupted in 1861, is the country's only historically active volcano

Estonia sometimes flooding occurs in the spring

Ethiopia geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts volcanism: Ethiopia experiences volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m, 2,011 ft), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir

European Union flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) strong winds persist throughout the year

Faroe Islands NA

Fiji cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

Finland NA

France metropolitan France: flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean overseas departments: hurricanes (cyclones); flooding; volcanic activity (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion)

French Polynesia occasional cyclonic storms in January

French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are inactive volcanoes; Iles Eparses subject to periodic cyclones; Bassas da India is a maritime hazard since it is under water for a period of three hours prior to and following the high tide and surrounded by reefs volcanism: Reunion Island - Piton de la Fournaise (elev. 2,632 m, 8,635 ft), which has erupted many times in recent years, including 2010, is one of the world's most active volcanoes; although rare, eruptions outside the volcano's caldera could threaten nearby cities

Gabon NA

Gambia, The drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)

Gaza Strip droughts

Georgia earthquakes

Germany flooding

Ghana dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts

Gibraltar NA

Greece severe earthquakes volcanism: Santorini (elev. 367 m, 1,204 ft) has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; although there have been very few eruptions in recent centuries, Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are classified as historically active

Greenland continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

Grenada lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November

Guam frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare but potentially destructive typhoons (June - December)

Guatemala numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms volcanism: Guatemala experiences significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (elev. 3,772 m, 12,375 ft) has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pacaya (elev. 2,552 m, 8,373 ft), which erupted in May 2010 causing an ashfall on Guatemala City and prompting evacuations, is one of the country's most active volcanoes; the volcano has frequently been in eruption since 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Acatenango, Almolonga, Atitlan, Fuego, and Tacana

Guernsey NA

Guinea hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season

Guinea-Bissau hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires

Guyana flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons

Haiti lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts

Heard Island and McDonald Islands Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island

Holy See (Vatican City) NA

Honduras frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast

Hong Kong occasional typhoons

Iceland earthquakes and volcanic activity volcanism: Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot, experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (elev. 1,666 m, 5,466 ft) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (elev. 1,512 m, 4,961 ft), which has a high probability of eruption in the very near future, potentially disrupting air traffic; Grimsvotn and Hekla are Iceland's most frequently active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar

India droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes volcanism: Barren Island (elev. 354 m, 1,161 ft) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years

Indian Ocean occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches

Indonesia occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, western Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (elev. 2,968 m, 9,737 ft), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora

Iran periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes

Iraq dust storms; sandstorms; floods

Ireland NA

Isle of Man NA

Israel sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes

Italy regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice volcanism: Italy experiences significant volcanic activity; Etna (elev. 3,330 m, 10,925 ft), which is in eruption as of 2010, is Europe's most active volcano; flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, which remains a threat to the millions of nearby residents in the Bay of Naples area, have both been deemed "Decade Volcanoes" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini

Jamaica hurricanes (especially July to November)

Jan Mayen dominated by the volcano Beerenberg volcanism: Beerenberg (elev. 2,227 m, 7,306 ft) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985

Japan many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons volcanism: both Unzen (elev. 1,500 m, 4,621 ft) and Sakura-jima (elev. 1,117 m, 3,665 ft), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed "Decade Volcanoes" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama, Honshu Island's most active volcano, Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu

Jersey NA

Jordan droughts; periodic earthquakes

Kazakhstan earthquakes in the south; mudslides around Almaty

Kenya recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons volcanism: Kenya experiences limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (elev. 1,032 m, 3,385 ft) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano

Kiribati typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level

Korea, North late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall volcanism: Changbaishan (elev. 2,744 m, 9,003 ft) (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu or P'aektu-san), on the Chinese border, is considered historically active

Korea, South occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest volcanism: Halla (elev. 1,950 m, 6,398 ft) is considered historically active although it has not erupted in many centuries

Kuwait sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April and bring heavy rain, which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year but are most common between March and August

Kyrgyzstan NA

Laos floods, droughts

Latvia NA

Lebanon dust storms, sandstorms

Lesotho periodic droughts

Liberia dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)

Libya hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms

Liechtenstein NA

Lithuania NA

Luxembourg NA

Macau typhoons

Macedonia high seismic risks

Madagascar periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation volcanism: Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in historical times

Malawi NA

Malaysia flooding; landslides; forest fires

Maldives tsunamis; low elevation of islands makes them sensitive to sea level rise

Mali hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding

Malta NA

Marshall Islands infrequent typhoons

Mauritania hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts

Mauritius cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards

Mayotte cyclones during rainy season

Mexico tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts volcanism: Mexico experiences volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (elev. 3,850 m, 12,631 ft), which erupted in 2010, is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for causing periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (elev. 5,426 m, 17,802 ft) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana

Micronesia, Federated States of typhoons (June to December)

Moldova landslides

Monaco NA

Mongolia dust storms; grassland and forest fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions

Montenegro destructive earthquakes

Montserrat severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1995)

Morocco northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts

Mozambique severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Namibia prolonged periods of drought

Nauru periodic droughts

Navassa Island hurricanes

Nepal severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons

Netherlands flooding

New Caledonia cyclones, most frequent from November to March volcanism: Matthew and Hunter Islands are historically active

New Zealand earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity volcanism: New Zealand experiences significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (elev. 2,797 m, 9,177 ft), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island

Nicaragua destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes volcanism: Nicaragua experiences significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (elev. 728 m, 2,388 ft), which last erupted in 1999, is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica

Niger recurring droughts

Nigeria periodic droughts; flooding

Niue typhoons

Norfolk Island typhoons (especially May to July)

Northern Mariana Islands active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)

Norway rockslides, avalanches volcanism: Beerenberg (elev. 2,227 m, 7,306 ft) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano

Oman summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts

Pacific Ocean surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December

Pakistan frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

Palau typhoons (June to December)

Panama occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area

Papua New Guinea active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis volcanism: Papua New Guinea experiences severe volcanic activity; Ulawun (elev. 2,334 m, 7,657 ft), one of Papua New Guinea's potentially most dangerous volcanoes, has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Rabaul (elev. 688 m, 2,257 ft) destroyed the city of Rabaul in 1937 and 1994; Lamington erupted in 1951 killing 3,000 people; Manam's 2004 eruption forced the island's abandonment; other historically active volcanoes include Bam, Bagana, Garbuna, Karkar, Langila, Lolobau, Long Island, Pago, St. Andrew Strait, Victory, and Waiowa

Paracel Islands typhoons

Paraguay local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)

Peru earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity volcanism: Peru experiences volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains; Ubinas (elev. 5,672 m, 18,609 ft), which last erupted in 2009, is the country's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes include El Misti, Huaynaputina, Sabancaya, and Yucamane

Philippines astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis volcanism: the Philippines experience significant volcanic activity; Taal (elev. 311 m, 1,020 ft), which has shown recent unrest and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon (elev. 2,462 m, 8,077 ft), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo and Ragang

Pitcairn Islands typhoons (especially November to March)

Poland flooding

Portugal Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: Portugal experiences limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m, 3,422 ft) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Puerto Rico periodic droughts; hurricanes

Qatar haze, dust storms, sandstorms common

Romania earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides

Russia permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia volcanism: Russia experiences significant volcanic activity on the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands; the peninsula alone is home to some 29 historically active volcanoes, with dozens more in the Kuril Islands; Kliuchevskoi (elev. 4,835 m, 15,863 ft), which erupted in 2007 and 2010, is Kamchatka's most active volcano; Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, which pose a threat to the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, have been deemed "Decade Volcanoes" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Bezymianny, Chikurachki, Ebeko, Gorely, Grozny, Karymsky, Ketoi, Kronotsky, Ksudach, Medvezhia, Mutnovsky, Sarychev Peak, Shiveluch, Tiatia, Tolbachik, and Zheltovsky

Rwanda periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo volcanism: Visoke (elev. 3,711 m, 12,175 ft), located on the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the country's only historically active volcano

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha volcanism: the island volcanoes of Tristan da Cunha (elev. 2,060 m, 6,758 ft) and Nightingale Island (elev. 365 m, 1,197 ft) experience volcanic activity; Tristan da Cunha erupted in 1962 and Nightingale in 2004

Saint Kitts and Nevis hurricanes (July to October)

Saint Lucia hurricanes; volcanic activity

Saint Martin subject to hurricanes from July to November

Saint Pierre and Miquelon persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat

Samoa occasional typhoons; active volcanism volcanism: Savai'I Island (elev. 1,858 m, 6,096 ft), which last erupted in 1911, is historically active

San Marino NA

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia frequent sand and dust storms volcanism: Despite Saudi Arabia's many volcanic formations, there has been little activity in the past few centuries; volcanoes include Harrat Rahat, Harrat Khaybar, Harrat Lunayyir, and Jabal Yar

Senegal lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Serbia destructive earthquakes

Seychelles lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible

Sierra Leone dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms

Singapore NA

Sint Maarten subject to hurricanes from July to November

Slovakia NA

Slovenia flooding; earthquakes

Solomon Islands typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis volcanism: Tinakula (elev. 851 m, 2,792 ft) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (elev. 485 m, 1,591 ft) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal

Somalia recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season

South Africa prolonged droughts volcanism: the volcano forming Marion Island in the Prince Edward Islands, which last erupted in 2004, is South Africa's only active volcano

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism

Southern Ocean huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 m thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue

Spain periodic droughts, occasional flooding volcanism: Spain experiences volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (elev. 3,715 m, 12,188 ft) has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (elev. 2,426 m, 7,959 ft), which last erupted in 1971, is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano

Spratly Islands typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard

Sri Lanka occasional cyclones and tornadoes

Sudan dust storms and periodic persistent droughts

Suriname NA

Svalbard ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic

Swaziland drought

Sweden ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic

Switzerland avalanches, landslides; flash floods

Syria dust storms, sandstorms volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border have not erupted in centuries

Taiwan earthquakes; typhoons volcanism: Kueishantao Island (elev. 401 m, 1,316 ft), east of Taiwan, is its only historically active volcano, although it has not erupted in centuries

Tajikistan earthquakes; floods

Tanzania flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought volcanism: Tanzania experiences limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m, 9,718 ft) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru

Thailand land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts

Timor-Leste floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones

Togo hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts

Tokelau lies in Pacific typhoon belt

Tonga cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou volcanism: the Tonga Islands experience volcanic activity; Fonualei (elev. 180 m, 591 ft) has shown frequent activity in recent years, while Niuafo'ou (elev. 260 m, 853 ft), which last erupted in 1985, has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua

Trinidad and Tobago outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms

Tunisia NA

Turkey severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van volcanism: Turkey experiences little volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier

Turkmenistan NA

Turks and Caicos Islands frequent hurricanes

Tuvalu severe tropical storms are usually rare, but in 1997 there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them sensitive to changes in sea level

Uganda NA

Ukraine NA

United Arab Emirates frequent sand and dust storms

United Kingdom winter windstorms; floods

United States tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development volcanism: the United States experiences volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (elev. 4,170 m, 13,678 ft) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (elev. 4,392 m, 14,409 ft) in Washington have been deemed "Decade Volcanoes" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (elev. 2,519 m, 8,264 ft) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (elev. 2,549 m, 8,363 ft), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell; in Hawaii: Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard Kingman Reef: wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls: NA

Uruguay seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts

Uzbekistan NA

Vanuatu tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis volcanism: Vanuatu experiences significant volcanic activity, with many volcanoes erupting in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m, 1,184 ft), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head

Venezuela subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts

Vietnam occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta

Virgin Islands several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes

Wake Island occasional typhoons

Wallis and Futuna NA

West Bank droughts

Western Sahara hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility

World large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) volcanism: the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy)

Yemen sandstorms and dust storms in summer volcanism: Yemen experiences limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (elev. 244 m, 801 ft), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century

Zambia periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April)

Zimbabwe recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare

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@2022

Field Listing :: People - note

This entry includes miscellaneous demographic information of significance not included elsewhere. Country

People - note

Cook Islands 2001 census counted a resident population of 15,017

Cuba illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and over-land via the southwest border

Germany second most populous country in Europe after Russia

Papua New Guinea the indigenous population of Papua New Guinea is one of the most heterogeneous in the world; PNG has several thousand separate communities, most with only a few hundred people; divided by language, customs, and tradition, some of these communities have engaged in low-scale tribal conflict with their neighbors for millennia; the advent of modern weapons and modern migrants into urban areas has greatly magnified the impact of this lawlessness

Rwanda Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa

Trinidad and Tobago in 2007, the government of Trinidad and Tobago estimated the population to be 1.3 million

Turks and Caicos Islands destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US

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@2023

Field Listing :: Area - comparative

This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres). Country

Area - comparative(sq km)

Afghanistan slightly smaller than Texas

Akrotiri about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Albania slightly smaller than Maryland

Algeria slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

American Samoa slightly larger than Washington, DC

Andorra 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Angola slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Anguilla about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Antarctica slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Antigua and Barbuda 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Arctic Ocean slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

Argentina slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US

Armenia slightly smaller than Maryland

Aruba slightly larger than Washington, DC

Ashmore and Cartier Islands about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Atlantic Ocean slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the US

Australia slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states

Austria slightly smaller than Maine

Azerbaijan slightly smaller than Maine

Bahamas, The slightly smaller than Connecticut

Bahrain 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Bangladesh slightly smaller than Iowa

Barbados 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Belarus slightly smaller than Kansas

Belgium about the size of Maryland

Belize slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Benin slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Bermuda about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Bhutan about one-half the size of Indiana

Bolivia slightly less than three times the size of Montana

Bosnia and Herzegovina slightly smaller than West Virginia

Botswana slightly smaller than Texas

Bouvet Island about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Brazil slightly smaller than the US

British Indian Ocean Territory land area is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

British Virgin Islands about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Brunei slightly smaller than Delaware

Bulgaria slightly larger than Tennessee

Burkina Faso slightly larger than Colorado

Burma slightly smaller than Texas

Burundi slightly smaller than Maryland

Cambodia slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Cameroon slightly larger than California

Canada slightly larger than the US

Cape Verde slightly larger than Rhode Island

Cayman Islands 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Central African Republic slightly smaller than Texas

Chad slightly more than three times the size of California

Chile slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

China slightly smaller than the US

Christmas Island about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Clipperton Island about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Cocos (Keeling) Islands about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Colombia slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Comoros slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC

Congo, Democratic Republic of the slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US

Congo, Republic of the slightly smaller than Montana

Cook Islands 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Coral Sea Islands NA

Costa Rica slightly smaller than West Virginia

Cote d'Ivoire slightly larger than New Mexico

Croatia slightly smaller than West Virginia

Cuba slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Curacao more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Cyprus about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

Czech Republic slightly smaller than South Carolina

Denmark slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts

Dhekelia about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

Djibouti slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Dominica slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC

Dominican Republic slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire

Ecuador slightly smaller than Nevada

Egypt slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico

El Salvador slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Equatorial Guinea slightly smaller than Maryland

Eritrea slightly larger than Pennsylvania

Estonia slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined

Ethiopia slightly less than twice the size of Texas

European Union less than one-half the size of the US

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) slightly smaller than Connecticut

Faroe Islands eight times the size of Washington, DC

Fiji slightly smaller than New Jersey

Finland slightly smaller than Montana

France slightly less than the size of Texas

French Polynesia slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut

French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): less than one-half the size of Washington, DC Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): more than 10 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Iles Crozet: about twice the size of Washington, DC Iles Kerguelen: slightly larger than Delaware Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): land area about one-third the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Europa Island (Iles Eparses): about one-sixth the size of Washington, DC Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): about seven times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Gabon slightly smaller than Colorado

Gambia, The slightly less than twice the size of Delaware

Gaza Strip slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Georgia slightly smaller than South Carolina

Germany slightly smaller than Montana

Ghana slightly smaller than Oregon

Gibraltar more than 10 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, D.C.

Greece slightly smaller than Alabama

Greenland slightly more than three times the size of Texas

Grenada twice the size of Washington, DC

Guam three times the size of Washington, DC

Guatemala slightly smaller than Tennessee

Guernsey about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Guinea slightly smaller than Oregon

Guinea-Bissau slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut

Guyana slightly smaller than Idaho

Haiti slightly smaller than Maryland

Heard Island and McDonald Islands slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Holy See (Vatican City) about 0.7 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, DC

Honduras slightly larger than Tennessee

Hong Kong six times the size of Washington, DC

Hungary slightly smaller than Indiana

Iceland slightly smaller than Kentucky

India slightly more than one-third the size of the US

Indian Ocean about 5.5 times the size of the US

Indonesia slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Iran slightly smaller than Alaska

Iraq slightly more than twice the size of Idaho

Ireland slightly larger than West Virginia

Isle of Man slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC

Israel slightly smaller than New Jersey

Italy slightly larger than Arizona

Jamaica slightly smaller than Connecticut

Jan Mayen slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Japan slightly smaller than California

Jersey about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC

Jordan slightly smaller than Indiana

Kazakhstan slightly less than four times the size of Texas

Kenya slightly more than twice the size of Nevada

Kiribati four times the size of Washington, DC

Korea, North slightly smaller than Mississippi

Korea, South slightly larger than Indiana

Kosovo slightly larger than Delaware

Kuwait slightly smaller than New Jersey

Kyrgyzstan slightly smaller than South Dakota

Laos slightly larger than Utah

Latvia slightly larger than West Virginia

Lebanon about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut

Lesotho slightly smaller than Maryland

Liberia slightly larger than Tennessee

Libya slightly larger than Alaska

Liechtenstein about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC

Lithuania slightly larger than West Virginia

Luxembourg slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Macau less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC

Macedonia slightly larger than Vermont

Madagascar slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Malawi slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

Malaysia slightly larger than New Mexico

Maldives about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC

Mali slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Malta slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC

Marshall Islands about the size of Washington, DC

Mauritania slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico

Mauritius almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC

Mayotte slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Mexico slightly less than three times the size of Texas

Micronesia, Federated States of four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)

Moldova slightly larger than Maryland

Monaco about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Mongolia slightly smaller than Alaska

Montenegro slightly smaller than Connecticut

Montserrat about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC

Morocco slightly larger than California

Mozambique slightly less than twice the size of California

Namibia slightly more than half the size of Alaska

Nauru about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC

Navassa Island about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Nepal slightly larger than Arkansas

Netherlands slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

New Caledonia slightly smaller than New Jersey

New Zealand about the size of Colorado

Nicaragua slightly smaller than New York state

Niger slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Nigeria slightly more than twice the size of California

Niue 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Norfolk Island about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC

Northern Mariana Islands 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Norway slightly larger than New Mexico

Oman slightly smaller than Kansas

Pacific Ocean about 15 times the size of the US; covers about 28% of the global surface; almost equal to the total land area of the world

Pakistan slightly less than twice the size of California

Palau slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Panama slightly smaller than South Carolina

Papua New Guinea slightly larger than California

Paracel Islands NA

Paraguay slightly smaller than California

Peru slightly smaller than Alaska

Philippines slightly larger than Arizona

Pitcairn Islands about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Poland slightly smaller than New Mexico

Portugal slightly smaller than Indiana

Puerto Rico slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island

Qatar slightly smaller than Connecticut

Romania slightly smaller than Oregon

Russia approximately 1.8 times the size of the US

Rwanda slightly smaller than Maryland

Saint Barthelemy less than an eighth of the size of Washington, DC

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC

Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Lucia 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Martin more than one-third the size of Washington, DC

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines twice the size of Washington, DC

Samoa slightly smaller than Rhode Island

San Marino about one third times the size of Washington, DC

Sao Tome and Principe more than five times the size of Washington, DC

Saudi Arabia slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US

Senegal slightly smaller than South Dakota

Serbia slightly smaller than South Carolina

Seychelles 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Sierra Leone slightly smaller than South Carolina

Singapore slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Sint Maarten one-fifth the size of Washington, DC

Slovakia about twice the size of New Hampshire

Slovenia slightly smaller than New Jersey

Solomon Islands slightly smaller than Maryland

Somalia slightly smaller than Texas

South Africa slightly less than twice the size of Texas

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands slightly larger than Rhode Island

Southern Ocean slightly more than twice the size of the US

Spain slightly more than twice the size of Oregon

Spratly Islands NA

Sri Lanka slightly larger than West Virginia

Sudan slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US

Suriname slightly larger than Georgia

Svalbard slightly smaller than West Virginia

Swaziland slightly smaller than New Jersey

Sweden slightly larger than California

Switzerland slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Syria slightly larger than North Dakota

Taiwan slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined

Tajikistan slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Tanzania slightly larger than twice the size of California

Thailand slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming

Timor-Leste slightly larger than Connecticut

Togo slightly smaller than West Virginia

Tokelau about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Tonga four times the size of Washington, DC

Trinidad and Tobago slightly smaller than Delaware

Tunisia slightly larger than Georgia

Turkey slightly larger than Texas

Turkmenistan slightly larger than California

Turks and Caicos Islands 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Tuvalu 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC

Uganda slightly smaller than Oregon

Ukraine slightly smaller than Texas

United Arab Emirates slightly smaller than Maine

United Kingdom slightly smaller than Oregon

United States about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker Island: about two and a half times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Howland Island: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Jarvis Island: about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Johnston Atoll: about four and a half times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Kingman Reef: a little more than one and a half times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Midway Islands: about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC Palmyra Atoll: about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Uruguay slightly smaller than the state of Washington

Uzbekistan slightly larger than California

Vanuatu slightly larger than Connecticut

Venezuela slightly more than twice the size of California

Vietnam slightly larger than New Mexico

Virgin Islands twice the size of Washington, DC

Wake Island about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Wallis and Futuna 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

West Bank slightly smaller than Delaware

Western Sahara about the size of Colorado

World land area about 16 times the size of the US top fifteen World Factbook entities ranked by size: Pacific Ocean 155.557 million sq km; Atlantic Ocean 76.762 million sq km; Indian Ocean 68.556 million sq km; Southern Ocean 20.327 million sq km; Russia 17,098,242 sq km; Arctic Ocean 14.056 million sq km; Antarctica 14 million sq km; Canada 9,984,670 sq km; United States 9,826,675 sq km; China 9,596,961 sq km; Brazil 8,514,877 sq km; Australia 7,741,220 sq km; European Union 4,324,782 sq km; India 3,287,263 sq km; Argentina 2,780,400 sq km top ten largest islands: Greenland 2,166,086 sq km; New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) 785,753 sq km; Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia) 751,929 sq km; Madagascar 587,713 sq km; Baffin Island (Canada) 507,451 sq km; Sumatra (Indonesia) 472,784 sq km; Honshu (Japan) 227,963 sq km; Victoria Island (Canada) 217,291 sq km; Great Britain (United Kingdom) 209,331 sq km; Ellesmere Island (Canada) 196,236 sq km

Yemen slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming

Zambia slightly larger than Texas

Zimbabwe slightly larger than Montana

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@2024

Field Listing :: Military service age and obligation

This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation. Country

Military service age and obligation(years of age)

Afghanistan 22 years of age; inductees are contracted into service for a 4-year term (2005)

Albania 19 years of age (2004)

Algeria 19-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects) (2006)

Angola 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; minimum age for women volunteers is 20; the MGA is entirely staffed with volunteers (2010)

Antigua and Barbuda 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Argentina 18-24 years of age for voluntary military service (18-21 requires parental permission); no conscription (2001)

Armenia 18-27 years of age for voluntary or compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2010)

Australia 17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women allowed to serve in Army combat units in non-combat support roles (2010)

Austria 18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for male or female voluntary service; service obligation 6 months of training, followed by an 8-year reserve obligation; conscripts cannot be deployed in military operations outside Austria (2009)

Azerbaijan men between 18 and 35 are liable for military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; length of military service is 18 months and 12 months for university graduates (2006)

Bahamas, The 18 years of age; no conscription (2010)

Bahrain 17 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for NCOs, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2010)

Bangladesh 16 years of age for voluntary enlisted military service (Air Force); 17 years of age (Army and Navy); conscription is by law possible in times of emergency, but has never been implemented (2010)

Barbados 18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger volunteers require parental consent); no conscription (2009)

Belarus 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications (2010)

Belgium 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription suspended (2010)

Belize 18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1 (2008)

Benin 21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2006)

Bermuda 18-30 years of age for voluntary or compulsory enlistment in the Bermuda Regiment; males must register at age 18; term of service is 38 months (2009)

Bhutan 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Bolivia 18-49 years of age for 12-month compulsory military service; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; 15-19 years of age for voluntary premilitary service, provides exemption from further military service (2009)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in January 2006; 4-month service obligation; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service (2010)

Botswana 18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; official minimum age is unknown (2001)

Brazil 21-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 9 to 12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2001)

Brunei 18 years of age (est.) for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve (2007)

Bulgaria 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months (2010)

Burkina Faso 18 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in supporting roles (2009)

Burma 18-35 years of age (men) and 18-27 years of age (women) for compulsory military service; service obligation 2 years; male (ages 18-45) and female (ages 18-35) professionals (including doctors, engineers, mechanics) serve up to 3 years; service terms may be streched to 5 years in an officially declared emergency; forced conscription of children, although officially prohibited, reportedly continues (2011)

Burundi military service is voluntary; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government had previously said each recruit must have a primary school-leaving certificate; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2010)

Cambodia conscription law of October 2006 requires all males between 18-30 to register for military service; 18-month service obligation (2006)

Cameroon 18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years; the government makes periodic calls for volunteers (2010)

Canada 17 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for reserve and military college applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2008)

Cape Verde 18 years of age (est.) for selective compulsory military service; 14-month conscript service obligation (2006)

Central African Republic 18 years of age for selective military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2010)

Chad 20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)

Chile 18-45 years of age for voluntary male and female military service, although the right to compulsory recruitment is retained; service obligation - 12 months for Army, 22 months for Navy and Air Force (2008)

China 18-22 years of age for selective compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-19 years of age for women high school graduates who meet requirements for specific military jobs; in 2010, a decision was made to allow women in combat roles (2010)

Colombia 18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2004)

Comoros 18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service; no conscription; women first inducted into the Army in 2004 (2010)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18-45 years of age for voluntary military service (2009)

Congo, Republic of the 18 years of age for voluntary military service; women allowed to serve (2007)

Cote d'Ivoire 18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2010)

Croatia 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary service; 6-month conscript service obligation; full conversion to voluntary military service by 2010 (2006)

Cuba 17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation; both sexes subject to military service (2006)

Curacao no conscription (2010)

Cyprus Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG): 18-50 years of age for compulsory military service for all Greek Cypriot males; 17 years of age for voluntary service; women may volunteer for a 3-year term; length of normal service is 25 months (2009)

Czech Republic 18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Denmark 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2004)

Djibouti 18 years of age for voluntary military service; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2008)

Dominican Republic 16-21 years of age for compulsory military service; recruits must be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2010)

Ecuador 20 years of age for selective conscript military service; 12-month service obligation (2008)

Egypt 18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation 12-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation (2008)

El Salvador 18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation - 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2009)

Equatorial Guinea 18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; service obligation 2 years; women hold only administrative positions in the Coast Guard (2011)

Eritrea 18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service; 16-month conscript service obligation (2006)

Estonia obligation for compulsory service ages 16-60, with conscription "likely" ages 18-27; service requirement 8-11 months (2009)

Ethiopia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct call-ups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2009)

Fiji 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2010)

Finland 18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; mandatory retirement at age 60 (2010)

France 17-40 years of age for male or female voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; 12-month service obligation; women serve in noncombat military posts (2010)

Gabon 20 years of age for voluntary military service; there is no conscription (2009)

Gambia, The 18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Georgia 18 to 34 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2005)

Germany 18 years of age (conscripts serve a 9-month tour of compulsory military service) (2004)

Ghana 18 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription (2010)

Greece 19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 17 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation - 1 year for all services; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2008)

Guatemala all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are liable for military service; conscript service obligation varies from 12 to 24 months; women can serve as officers (2009)

Guinea 18-25 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; 18-month conscript service obligation (2009)

Guinea-Bissau 18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger with parental consent, for voluntary service (2010)

Guyana 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)

Honduras 18 years of age for voluntary 2 to 3-year military service (2004)

Hungary 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 6-month service obligation (2010)

India 17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may join as officers, but for noncombat roles only (2010)

Indonesia 18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year conscript service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2008)

Iran 19 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation - 18 months; women exempt from military service (2008)

Iraq 18-40 years of age for voluntary military service (2010)

Ireland 17-25 years of age for male or female voluntary military service (17-27 years of age for the Naval Service); enlistees 16 years of age can be recruited for apprentice specialist positions; 17-35 years of age for the Reserve Defense Forces (RDF); maximum obligation 12 years (5 years IDF, 7 years RDF); EU citizenship or 5-year residence in Ireland required (2010)

Israel 18 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) and voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 36 months for enlisted men, 21 months for enlisted women, 48 months for officers; pilots commit to 9 years service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), 24 (women) (2010)

Italy 18-27 year of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2005; women may serve in any military branch; 10-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 45 (Army and Air Force) or 39 (Navy) (2006)

Jamaica 18 years of age for voluntary military service; younger recruits may be conscripted with parental consent (2001)

Japan 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)

Jordan 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999, although all males under age 37 are required to register; women not subject to conscription, but can volunteer to serve in non-combat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps; conscription for males only resurrected in July 2007 in order to provide youth training necessary for job market needs (2010)

Kazakhstan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; minimum age for volunteers NA (2004)

Kenya 18-26 years of age for voluntary service (less than 18 with parental consent), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy); applicants must be Kenyan citizens and provide a national identity card (obtained at age 18) and a school-leaving certificate (2010)

Korea, North 17 years of age (2004)

Korea, South 20-30 years of age for compulsory military service, with middle school education required; conscript service obligation - 21 months (Army, Marines), 23 months (Navy), 24 months (Air Force); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women, in service since 1950, admitted to 7 service branches, including infantry, but excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx. 2.3% of all officers; HIV-positive individuals are exempt from military service (2010)

Kuwait 18-30 years of age for compulsory and 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women age 18-30 may be subject to compulsory military service; conscription suspended in 2001 (2009)

Kyrgyzstan 18 years of age for compulsory male military service in the armed forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation 1 year; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2010)

Laos 18 years of age for compulsory military service; minimum 18-month conscript service obligation (2010)

Latvia 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; conscription abolished January 2007; under current law, every citizen is entitled to serve in the armed forces for life (2009)

Lebanon 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2007)

Lesotho 18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women serve as commissioned officers (2009)

Liberia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Libya 17 years of age (2004)

Lithuania 19-26 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for volunteers; 12-month conscript service obligation; male registration required at age 16 (2009)

Luxembourg 17-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; soldiers under 18 are not deployed into combat or with peacekeeping missions; no conscription; Luxembourg citizen or EU citizen with 3-year residence in Luxembourg (2010)

Macedonia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Madagascar 18-25 years of age for male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (either military or equivalent civil service); 20-30 years of age for National Gendarmerie recruits (35 years of age for those with military experience) (2010)

Malawi 18 years of age for voluntary military service; standard obligation is 2 years of active duty and 5 years of reserve service (2007)

Malaysia 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)

Maldives 18-28 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Mali 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2010)

Malta 17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Mauritania 18 years of age (est.); conscript service obligation - 2 years; majority of servicemen believed to be volunteers; service in Air Force and Navy is voluntary (2006)

Mexico 18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; conscripts serve only in the Army; Navy and Air Force service is all voluntary; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2007)

Moldova 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary service; male registration required at age 16; 12-month service obligation (2009)

Mongolia 18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months in land or air defense forces or police; a small portion of Mongolian land forces (2.5 percent) is comprised of contract soldiers; women cannot be deployed overseas for military operations (2006)

Montenegro compulsory national military service abolished August 2006

Morocco 18 years of age for voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2010)

Mozambique registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2010)

Namibia 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Nepal 18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for military training; no conscription (2010)

Netherlands 20 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2004)

New Zealand 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2010)

Nicaragua 17 years of age for voluntary military service; tour of duty 18-36 months (2008)

Niger 17-21 years of age for selective compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2009)

Nigeria 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Norway 18-44 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 12-month service obligation, in practice shortened to 8 to 9 months; although all males between ages of 18 and 44 are liable for service, in practice they are seldom called to duty after age 30; reserve obligation to age 35-60; 16 years of age for volunteers to the Home Guard, who serve 6-month duty tours (2009)

Oman 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Pakistan 17-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors (2009)

Papua New Guinea 16 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription (2010)

Paraguay 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2010)

Peru 18-30 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2008)

Philippines 18-25 years of age (officers 21-29) for compulsory and voluntary military service; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens (2010)

Poland 18-28 years of age for male voluntary or compulsory military service; service obligation shortened from 12 to 9 months in 2005; conscription is to end in 2012; only soldiers who have completed their conscript service are allowed to volunteer for professional service; as of April 2004, women are only allowed to serve as officers and noncommissioned officers; reserve obligation to age 50 (2009)

Portugal 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2010)

Qatar 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Romania 18-35 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription officially ended October 2006; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive contracts for 3-year terms until age 36 (2009)

Russia 18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; service obligation - 1 year (conscripts can only be sent to combat zones after 6 months training); reserve obligation to age 50 note: over 60% of draft-age Russian males receive some type of deferment - generally health related - each draft cycle (2009)

Rwanda 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

San Marino 16-55 for voluntary service in Voluntary Military Force (2006)

Sao Tome and Principe 18 years of age (est.) (2004)

Saudi Arabia 18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2004)

Senegal 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004)

Serbia 17 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; conscription to be abolished effective 2011; 6-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 60 for men and 50 for women (2010)

Seychelles 18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription (2010)

Sierra Leone 17 years 6 months of age for male and female voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription; candidates must be HIV negative (2009)

Singapore 18-21 years of age for male compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 2-year conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers) (2008)

Sint Maarten no conscription (2010)

Slovakia 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2010)

Slovenia 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2010)

Somalia note: since 2005, the UN has listed the Transitional Federal Government and its allied militias as persistent violators in recruiting child soldiers (2010)

South Africa 18 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2007)

Spain 20 years of age (2004)

Sri Lanka 18 years of age for voluntary military service; 5-year service obligation (2010)

Sudan 18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory and voluntary military service; 12-24 month service obligation (2009)

Suriname 18 years of age (est.); recruitment is voluntary, with personnel drawn almost exclusively from the Creole community (2007)

Swaziland 18-30 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; only HIV-negative applicants accepted; compulsory HIV testing required (2010)

Sweden 18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); the Swedish Parliament has abolished compulsory military service, with exclusively voluntary recruitment as of July 2010; conscription remains an option in emergencies; after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47 (2010)

Switzerland 19-26 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 260 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by seven 3-week intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2010)

Syria 18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 21 months (18 months in the Syrian Arab Navy); women are not conscripted but may volunteer to serve (2010)

Taiwan 19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; service obligation 2 years; women may enlist; women in Air Force service are restricted to noncombat roles; reserve obligation to age 30 (Army); the Ministry of Defense is in the process of implementing a voluntary enlistment system over the period 2010-2015, although nonvolunteers will still be required to perform alternative service or go through 4 months of military training (2010)

Tajikistan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2009)

Tanzania 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Thailand 21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males are registered at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation (2009)

Timor-Leste 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)

Togo 18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year service obligation (2006)

Tonga 16 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental approval); no conscription (2010)

Trinidad and Tobago 18 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription (2010)

Tunisia 20 years of age for compulsory military service, 18 years of age for voluntary military service; 1-year conscript service obligation (2007)

Turkey 20 years of age (2004)

Turkmenistan 18-30 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2009)

Uganda 18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that recruitment below 18 years of age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2010)

Ukraine 18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army and Air Force, 18 months for Navy (2010)

United Arab Emirates 18 years of age (est.) for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for officers and women; no conscription (2009)

United Kingdom 16-33 years of age (officers 17-28) for voluntary military service (with parental consent under 18); women serve in military services, but are excluded from ground combat positions and some naval postings; as of October 2009, women comprised 12.1% of officers and 9% of enlisted personnel in the regular forces; must be citizen of the UK, Commonwealth, or Republic of Ireland; reservists serve a minimum of 3 years, to age 45 or 55; 16 years of age for voluntary military service by Nepalese citizens in the Brigade of Gurkhas; 16-34 years of age for voluntary military service by Papua New Guinean citizens (2009)

United States 18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); service obligation 8 years, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines) (2010)

Uruguay 18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; up to 40 years of age for specialists; enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies; minimum 6-year education (2009)

Uzbekistan 18 years of age for compulsory military service; 1-year conscript service obligation; moving toward a professional military, but conscription will continue; the military cannot accommodate everyone who wishes to enlist, and competition for entrance into the military is similar to the competition for admission to universities (2009)

Venezuela 18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 30-month conscript service obligation; all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2010)

Vietnam 18 years of age (male) for compulsory military service; females may volunteer for active duty military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (3 to 4 years in the navy); 18-45 years of age (male) or 18-40 years of age (female) for Militia Force or Self Defense Forces (2006)

Yemen voluntary military service program authorized in 2001; 2-year service obligation (2006)

Zambia 18-27 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Zambian citizenship required; mandatory HIV testing upon enlistment; mandatory retirement for officers at age 65 (Army, Air Force) (2010)

Zimbabwe 18-24 years of age for compulsory military service; women are eligible to serve (2010)

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@2025

Field Listing :: Manpower fit for military service

This entry gives the number of males and females falling in the military age range for a country (defined as being ages 16-49) and who are not otherwise disqualified for health reasons; accounts for the health situation in the country and provides a more realistic estimate of the actual number fit to serve. Country

Manpower fit for military service

Afghanistan males age 16-49: 3,888,358 females age 16-49: 3,641,998 (2010 est.)

Albania males age 16-49: 802,097 females age 16-49: 768,953 (2010 est.)

Algeria males age 16-49: 8,481,036 females age 16-49: 8,508,245 (2010 est.)

American Samoa males age 16-49: 14,230 females age 16-49: 13,842 (2010 est.)

Andorra males age 16-49: 18,338 females age 16-49: 17,395 (2010 est.)

Angola males age 16-49: 1,506,489 females age 16-49: 1,451,427 (2010 est.)

Anguilla males age 16-49: 2,987 females age 16-49: 3,354 (2010 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda males age 16-49: 17,475 females age 16-49: 19,764 (2010 est.)

Argentina males age 16-49: 8,366,206 females age 16-49: 8,344,321 (2010 est.)

Armenia males age 16-49: 644,195 females age 16-49: 724,085 (2010 est.)

Aruba males age 16-49: 20,398 females age 16-49: 21,371 (2010 est.)

Australia males age 16-49: 4,377,411 females age 16-49: 4,210,442 (2010 est.)

Austria males age 16-49: 1,595,379 females age 16-49: 1,566,884 (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan males age 16-49: 1,753,878 females age 16-49: 1,958,408 (2010 est.)

Bahamas, The males age 16-49: 62,779 females age 16-49: 63,954 (2010 est.)

Bahrain males age 16-49: 170,633 females age 16-49: 146,243 (2010 est.)

Bangladesh males age 16-49: 25,310,750 females age 16-49: 32,154,153 (2010 est.)

Barbados males age 16-49: 58,532 females age 16-49: 58,542 (2010 est.)

Belarus males age 16-49: 1,708,634 females age 16-49: 2,043,083 (2010 est.)

Belgium males age 16-49: 1,949,361 females age 16-49: 1,891,966 (2010 est.)

Belize males age 16-49: 57,759 females age 16-49: 55,903 (2010 est.)

Benin males age 16-49: 1,331,242 females age 16-49: 1,345,145 (2010 est.)

Bermuda males age 16-49: 12,405 females age 16-49: 12,327 (2010 est.)

Bhutan males age 16-49: 153,985 females age 16-49: 140,437 (2010 est.)

Bolivia males age 16-49: 1,714,438 females age 16-49: 1,959,763 (2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina males age 16-49: 980,425 females age 16-49: 948,791 (2010 est.)

Botswana males age 16-49: 347,070 females age 16-49: 315,743 (2010 est.)

Brazil males age 16-49: 38,518,822 females age 16-49: 44,560,717 (2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands males age 16-49: 6,028 females age 16-49: 5,778 (2010 est.)

Brunei males age 16-49: 93,809 females age 16-49: 97,345 (2010 est.)

Bulgaria males age 16-49: 1,337,201 females age 16-49: 1,360,039 (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso males age 16-49: 2,280,776 females age 16-49: 2,278,474 (2010 est.)

Burma males age 16-49: 10,281,131 females age 16-49: 10,988,695 (2010 est.)

Burundi males age 16-49: 1,337,935 females age 16-49: 1,414,035 (2010 est.)

Cambodia males age 16-49: 2,751,618 females age 16-49: 2,835,807 (2010 est.)

Cameroon males age 16-49: 2,721,307 females age 16-49: 2,647,640 (2010 est.)

Canada males age 16-49: 6,642,190 females age 16-49: 6,402,896 (2010 est.)

Cape Verde males age 16-49: 103,894 females age 16-49: 114,721 (2010 est.)

Cayman Islands males age 16-49: 9,860 females age 16-49: 10,287 (2010 est.)

Central African Republic males age 16-49: 637,474 females age 16-49: 643,188 (2010 est.)

Chad males age 16-49: 1,141,776 females age 16-49: 1,354,111 (2010 est.)

Chile males age 16-49: 3,599,328 females age 16-49: 3,544,156 (2010 est.)

China males age 16-49: 314,668,817 females age 16-49: 298,745,786 (2010 est.)

Colombia males age 16-49: 8,957,960 females age 16-49: 9,763,655 (2010 est.)

Comoros males age 16-49: 130,064 females age 16-49: 140,600 (2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the males age 16-49: 9,301,818 females age 16-49: 9,440,111 (2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the males age 16-49: 557,764 females age 16-49: 546,755 (2010 est.)

Cook Islands males age 16-49: 2,272 females age 16-49: 2,222 (2010 est.)

Costa Rica males age 16-49: 1,044,923 females age 16-49: 1,026,432 (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire males age 16-49: 3,242,965 females age 16-49: 3,069,569 (2010 est.)

Croatia males age 16-49: 770,574 females age 16-49: 844,594 (2010 est.)

Cuba males age 16-49: 2,516,543 females age 16-49: 2,450,902 (2010 est.)

Cyprus Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG): males age 16-49: 271,692 females age 16-49: 236,908 (2010 est.)

Czech Republic males age 16-49: 2,086,662 females age 16-49: 2,003,055 (2010 est.)

Denmark males age 16-49: 1,013,814 females age 16-49: 1,001,411 (2010 est.)

Djibouti males age 16-49: 110,441 females age 16-49: 147,939 (2010 est.)

Dominica males age 16-49: 15,963 females age 16-49: 15,426 (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic males age 16-49: 2,090,785 females age 16-49: 1,957,233 (2010 est.)

Ecuador males age 16-49: 2,770,465 females age 16-49: 3,217,235 (2010 est.)

Egypt males age 16-49: 17,733,851 females age 16-49: 16,942,010 (2010 est.)

El Salvador males age 16-49: 1,056,532 females age 16-49: 1,356,824 (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea males age 16-49: 109,311 females age 16-49: 111,543 (2010 est.)

Eritrea males age 16-49: 864,608 females age 16-49: 920,104 (2010 est.)

Estonia males age 16-49: 213,740 females age 16-49: 255,926 (2010 est.)

Ethiopia males age 16-49: 11,466,713 females age 16-49: 12,444,706 (2010 est.)

Faroe Islands males age 16-49: 9,792 females age 16-49: 8,354 (2010 est.)

Fiji males age 16-49: 195,414 females age 16-49: 206,386 (2010 est.)

Finland males age 16-49: 958,949 females age 16-49: 916,818 (2010 est.)

France males age 16-49: 12,053,912 females age 16-49: 11,763,951 (2010 est.)

French Polynesia males age 16-49: 66,451 females age 16-49: 65,306 (2010 est.)

Gabon males age 16-49: 198,970 females age 16-49: 192,807 (2010 est.)

Gambia, The males age 16-49: 238,006 females age 16-49: 248,065 (2010 est.)

Gaza Strip males age 16-49: 324,203 females age 16-49: 308,835 (2010 est.)

Georgia males age 16-49: 901,307 females age 16-49: 946,357 (2010 est.)

Germany males age 16-49: 15,564,748 females age 16-49: 14,723,200 (2010 est.)

Ghana males age 16-49: 4,022,056 females age 16-49: 4,101,964 (2010 est.)

Gibraltar males age 16-49: 5,955 females age 16-49: 5,687 (2010 est.)

Greece males age 16-49: 2,050,018 females age 16-49: 2,033,450 (2010 est.)

Greenland males age 16-49: 10,833 females age 16-49: 11,439 (2010 est.)

Grenada males age 16-49: 22,487 females age 16-49: 22,535 (2010 est.)

Guam males age 16-49: 37,983 females age 16-49: 36,469 (2010 est.)

Guatemala males age 16-49: 2,494,903 females age 16-49: 2,827,208 (2010 est.)

Guernsey males age 16-49: 12,404 females age 16-49: 12,510 (2010 est.)

Guinea males age 16-49: 1,443,655 females age 16-49: 1,483,676 (2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau males age 16-49: 199,771 females age 16-49: 206,240 (2010 est.)

Guyana males age 16-49: 132,188 females age 16-49: 147,296 (2010 est.)

Haiti males age 16-49: 1,573,371 females age 16-49: 1,591,942 (2010 est.)

Honduras males age 16-49: 1,483,292 females age 16-49: 1,502,788 (2010 est.)

Hong Kong males age 16-49: 1,405,324 females age 16-49: 1,526,196 (2010 est.)

Hungary males age 16-49: 1,884,232 females age 16-49: 1,923,902 (2010 est.)

Iceland males age 16-49: 62,705 females age 16-49: 61,392 (2010 est.)

India males age 16-49: 244,727,406 females age 16-49: 235,662,750 (2010 est.)

Indonesia males age 16-49: 53,624,156 females age 16-49: 52,879,309 (2010 est.)

Iran males age 16-49: 17,844,536 females age 16-49: 17,312,808 (2010 est.)

Iraq males age 16-49: 6,402,171 females age 16-49: 6,232,674 (2010 est.)

Ireland males age 16-49: 858,317 females age 16-49: 855,125 (2010 est.)

Isle of Man males age 16-49: 14,748 females age 16-49: 14,392 (2010 est.)

Israel males age 16-49: 1,496,542 females age 16-49: 1,425,537 (2010 est.)

Italy males age 16-49: 11,092,984 females age 16-49: 10,452,910 (2010 est.)

Jamaica males age 16-49: 581,033 females age 16-49: 590,437 (2010 est.)

Japan males age 16-49: 22,564,075 females age 16-49: 21,720,375 (2010 est.)

Jersey males age 16-49: 16,853 females age 16-49: 16,737 (2010 est.)

Jordan males age 16-49: 1,416,681 females age 16-49: 1,358,608 (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan males age 16-49: 2,902,859 females age 16-49: 3,543,467 (2010 est.)

Kenya males age 16-49: 6,162,904 females age 16-49: 5,904,173 (2010 est.)

Kiribati males age 16-49: 17,941 females age 16-49: 19,758 (2010 est.)

Korea, North males age 16-49: 4,127,999 females age 16-49: 4,522,707 (2010 est.)

Korea, South males age 16-49: 10,929,625 females age 16-49: 10,264,608 (2010 est.)

Kosovo males age 16-49: 429,645 females age 16-49: 389,071 (2010 est.)

Kuwait males age 16-49: 979,832 females age 16-49: 539,574 (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan males age 16-49: 1,101,709 females age 16-49: 1,243,904 (2010 est.)

Laos males age 16-49: 1,056,050 females age 16-49: 1,121,640 (2010 est.)

Latvia males age 16-49: 406,592 females age 16-49: 456,071 (2010 est.)

Lebanon males age 16-49: 917,404 females age 16-49: 940,238 (2010 est.)

Lesotho males age 16-49: 267,825 females age 16-49: 273,348 (2010 est.)

Liberia males age 16-49: 510,337 females age 16-49: 527,737 (2010 est.)

Libya males age 16-49: 1,490,011 females age 16-49: 1,436,613 (2010 est.)

Liechtenstein males age 16-49: 6,559 females age 16-49: 6,782 (2010 est.)

Lithuania males age 16-49: 674,265 females age 16-49: 734,806 (2010 est.)

Luxembourg males age 16-49: 96,585 females age 16-49: 95,519 (2010 est.)

Macau males age 16-49: 124,074 females age 16-49: 149,799 (2010 est.)

Macedonia males age 16-49: 442,953 females age 16-49: 425,981 (2010 est.)

Madagascar males age 16-49: 3,268,291 females age 16-49: 3,541,256 (2010 est.)

Malawi males age 16-49: 2,048,900 females age 16-49: 1,960,258 (2010 est.)

Malaysia males age 16-49: 5,612,642 females age 16-49: 5,501,129 (2010 est.)

Maldives males age 16-49: 137,181 females age 16-49: 83,837 (2010 est.)

Mali males age 16-49: 1,760,901 females age 16-49: 1,900,025 (2010 est.)

Malta males age 16-49: 79,961 females age 16-49: 76,067 (2010 est.)

Marshall Islands males age 16-49: 13,277 females age 16-49: 13,374 (2010 est.)

Mauritania males age 16-49: 464,959 females age 16-49: 562,765 (2010 est.)

Mauritius males age 16-49: 279,405 females age 16-49: 283,023 (2010 est.)

Mayotte males age 16-49: 37,001 females age 16-49: 36,018 (2010 est.)

Mexico males age 16-49: 22,893,649 females age 16-49: 25,401,642 (2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of males age 16-49: 21,909 females age 16-49: 23,410 (2010 est.)

Moldova males age 16-49: 877,031 females age 16-49: 979,128 (2010 est.)

Monaco males age 16-49: 4,680 females age 16-49: 4,691 (2010 est.)

Mongolia males age 16-49: 715,585 females age 16-49: 748,083 (2010 est.)

Montenegro males age 16-49: 151,798 females age 16-49: 134,267 (2010 est.)

Montserrat males age 16-49: 1,127 females age 16-49: 1,217 (2010 est.)

Morocco males age 16-49: 6,960,026 females age 16-49: 7,307,491 (2010 est.)

Mozambique males age 16-49: 2,448,161 females age 16-49: 2,269,562 (2010 est.)

Namibia males age 16-49: 341,783 females age 16-49: 304,496 (2010 est.)

Nauru males age 16-49: 2,683 females age 16-49: 3,059 (2010 est.)

Nepal males age 16-49: 5,053,600 females age 16-49: 5,730,116 (2010 est.)

Netherlands males age 16-49: 3,213,954 females age 16-49: 3,133,972 (2010 est.)

New Caledonia males age 16-49: 49,173 females age 16-49: 49,619 (2010 est.)

New Zealand males age 16-49: 840,977 females age 16-49: 828,081 (2010 est.)

Nicaragua males age 16-49: 1,318,762 females age 16-49: 1,374,652 (2010 est.)

Niger males age 16-49: 2,104,378 females age 16-49: 2,129,985 (2010 est.)

Nigeria males age 16-49: 20,298,351 females age 16-49: 19,355,456 (2010 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands males age 16-49: 9,359 females age 16-49: 12,385 (2010 est.)

Norway males age 16-49: 888,310 females age 16-49: 864,344 (2010 est.)

Oman males age 16-49: 816,579 females age 16-49: 622,927 (2010 est.)

Pakistan males age 16-49: 35,774,936 females age 16-49: 34,572,451 (2010 est.)

Palau males age 16-49: 5,223 females age 16-49: 3,949 (2010 est.)

Panama males age 16-49: 719,761 females age 16-49: 719,444 (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea males age 16-49: 1,103,479 females age 16-49: 1,107,479 (2010 est.)

Paraguay males age 16-49: 1,375,610 females age 16-49: 1,400,597 (2010 est.)

Peru males age 16-49: 6,045,256 females age 16-49: 6,501,224 (2010 est.)

Philippines males age 16-49: 19,650,825 females age 16-49: 21,029,243 (2010 est.)

Poland males age 16-49: 7,860,841 females age 16-49: 7,828,221 (2010 est.)

Portugal males age 16-49: 2,104,945 females age 16-49: 2,034,912 (2010 est.)

Puerto Rico males age 16-49: 704,833 females age 16-49: 788,234 (2010 est.)

Qatar males age 16-49: 320,277 females age 16-49: 138,558 (2010 est.)

Romania males age 16-49: 4,513,619 females age 16-49: 4,566,620 (2010 est.)

Russia males age 16-49: 20,746,777 females age 16-49: 27,174,148 (2010 est.)

Rwanda males age 16-49: 1,641,563 females age 16-49: 1,696,514 (2010 est.)

Saint Barthelemy males age 16-49: 1,543 females age 16-49: 1,303 (2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha males age 16-49: 1,575 females age 16-49: 1,591 (2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis males age 16-49: 10,736 females age 16-49: 10,913 (2010 est.)

Saint Lucia males age 16-49: 32,406 females age 16-49: 36,216 (2010 est.)

Saint Martin males age 16-49: 6,391 females age 16-49: 6,947 (2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon males age 16-49: 1,097 females age 16-49: 1,096 (2010 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines males age 16-49: 22,932 females age 16-49: 22,134 (2010 est.)

Samoa males age 16-49: 37,674 females age 16-49: 37,492 (2010 est.)

San Marino males age 16-49: 5,564 females age 16-49: 6,068 (2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe males age 16-49: 26,530 females age 16-49: 28,450 (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia males age 16-49: 7,560,216 females age 16-49: 5,773,033 (2010 est.)

Senegal males age 16-49: 2,109,080 females age 16-49: 2,287,510 (2010 est.)

Serbia males age 16-49: 1,405,391 females age 16-49: 1,368,207 (2010 est.)

Seychelles males age 16-49: 19,989 females age 16-49: 19,882 (2010 est.)

Sierra Leone males age 16-49: 713,190 females age 16-49: 813,830 (2010 est.)

Singapore males age 16-49: 1,027,701 females age 16-49: 1,097,762 (2010 est.)

Slovakia males age 16-49: 1,162,282 females age 16-49: 1,147,526 (2010 est.)

Slovenia males age 16-49: 397,440 females age 16-49: 385,505 (2010 est.)

Solomon Islands males age 16-49: 125,928 females age 16-49: 126,999 (2010 est.)

Somalia males age 16-49: 1,328,567 females age 16-49: 1,386,971 (2010 est.)

South Africa males age 16-49: 7,676,331 females age 16-49: 6,521,338 (2010 est.)

Spain males age 16-49: 8,040,207 females age 16-49: 7,798,254 (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka males age 16-49: 4,518,582 females age 16-49: 4,701,942 (2010 est.)

Sudan males age 16-49: 6,094,209 females age 16-49: 6,213,984 (2010 est.)

Suriname males age 16-49: 108,555 females age 16-49: 111,927 (2010 est.)

Swaziland males age 16-49: 196,633 females age 16-49: 172,602 (2010 est.)

Sweden males age 16-49: 1,709,592 females age 16-49: 1,649,875 (2010 est.)

Switzerland males age 16-49: 1,502,736 females age 16-49: 1,468,785 (2010 est.)

Syria males age 16-49: 4,948,802 females age 16-49: 4,786,596 (2010 est.)

Taiwan males age 16-49: 5,094,111 females age 16-49: 4,980,454 (2010 est.)

Tajikistan males age 16-49: 1,461,896 females age 16-49: 1,642,240 (2010 est.)

Tanzania males age 16-49: 5,667,987 females age 16-49: 5,690,331 (2010 est.)

Thailand males age 16-49: 13,247,646 females age 16-49: 14,166,227 (2010 est.)

Timor-Leste males age 16-49: 236,996 females age 16-49: 245,033 (2010 est.)

Togo males age 16-49: 983,283 females age 16-49: 1,004,887 (2010 est.)

Tonga males age 16-49: 27,404 females age 16-49: 28,509 (2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago males age 16-49: 273,361 females age 16-49: 266,535 (2010 est.)