Y (continued 69)

Libya unicameral General People's Congress (760 seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)

Liechtenstein unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members elected by popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 8 February 2009 (next to be held in February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - VU 47.6%, FBP 43.5%, FL 8.9%; seats by party - VU 13, FBP 11, FL 1

Lithuania unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members elected by popular vote, 70 elected by proportional representation; members to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 12 and 26 October 2008 (next to be held in October 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - TS-LKD 19.7%, TPP 15.1%, TT 12.7%, LSDP 11.7%, KDP+J 9%, LRLS 5.7%, LCS 5.3%, LLRA 4.8%, LVLS 3.7%, NS 3.6%, other 8.7%; seats by faction - TS-LKD 44, LSDP 26, TPP 16, TT 15, LRLS 11, KDP+J 10, LCS 8, LLRA 3, LVLS 3, NS 1, independent 4; note - seats by faction as of 15 March 2010 - TS-LKD 46, LSDP 25, TT 18, Christian Party 12, LS 11, DP 10, LCS 7, TPP 7, unaffiliated 5; note - TS-LKD, LS, LCS, and TPP form the ruling coalition

Luxembourg unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 7 June 2009 (next to be held by June 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 38%, LSAP 21.6%, DP 15%, Green Party 11.7%, ADR 8.1%, The Left 3.3%, other 2.3%; seats by party - CSV 26, LSAP 13, DP 9, Green Party 7, ADR 4, The Left 1 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister

Macau unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 members elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 20 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013) election results: percent of vote - UPD 14.9%, ACUM 12%, APMD 11.6%, NUDM 9.9%, UPP 9.9%, ANMD 7.8%, UMG 7.3%, MUDAR 5.5%, others 21.1%; seats by political group - UPD 2, ACUM 2, APMD 2, NUMD 1, UPP 1, ANMD 1, UMG 1, MUDAR 1; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; 7 members appointed by the chief executive

Macedonia unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats; members elected by popular vote from party lists based on the percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each of six electoral districts; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 1 June and 15 June 2008 (next to be held by July 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE-led block 49%, SDSM-led block 24%, BDI/DUI 13%, PDSh/DPA 8%, other 6%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE-led block 63, SDSM-led block 27, BDI/DUI 18, PDSh/DPA 11, PEI 1

Madagascar bicameral legislature consists of a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the members appointed by regional assemblies; the remaining one-third appointed by the president; members to serve four-year terms) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced from 160 seats by an April 2007 national referendum; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 23 September 2007 (next to be held on 16 March 2011); note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TIM 106, LEADER/Fanilo 1, independents 20

Malawi unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 19 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPP 114, MCP 26, UDF 17, independents 32, other 4

Malaysia bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 members appointed by the king, 26 elected by 13 state legislatures to serve three-year terms with a two term limit) and House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (222 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve up to five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held on 8 March 2008 (next to be held by June 2013) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - BN coalition 50.3%, opposition parties 46.8%, others 2.9%; seats - BN coalition 140, opposition parties 82

Maldives unicameral People's Council or People's Majlis (77 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Majlis in February 2009 passed legislation that increased the number of seats to 77 from 50 elections: last held on 9 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote - DRP 36.4%, MDP 33.8 %, PA 9.1%, DQP 2.6% Republican Party 1.2%, independents 16.9%; seats by party - DRP 28, MDP 26, PA 7, DQP 2, Republican Party 1, independents 13

Mali unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 1 and 22 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15

Malta unicameral House of Representatives (normally 65 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms; note - the Parliament elected in 2008 is composed of 69 seats; when the political party winning the plurality of votes does not win a majority of seats, the constitution provides that a sufficient number of seats will be added to Parliament to ensure that the party that won the elections has a majority in Parliament) elections: last held on 8 March 2008 (next to be held by March 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - PN 49.3%, PL 48.8%, other 1.9%; seats by party - PN 35, PL 34

Marshall Islands unicameral legislature or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 19 November 2007 (next to be held by November 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independents 4 note: the Council of Chiefs or Ironij is a 12-member body comprised of tribal chiefs that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice

Mauritania bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats; 53 members elected by municipal leaders and 3 members elected for Mauritanians abroad to serve six-year terms; a portion of seats up for election every two years) and the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (95 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on November 2009; National Assembly - last held on 19 November and 3 December 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM (Coalition of Majority Parties) 45, COD (Coordination of Democratic Opposition) 7, RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM 63 (UPR 50, PRDR 7, UDP 3, HATEM-PMUC 2, RD 1), COD 27 (RFD 9, UFP 6, APP 6, PNDD-ADIL 6), RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4, FP 1

Mauritius unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 5 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AF 41, MMM 18, MR 2, MSF 1; appointed seats - to be assigned 8

Mayotte unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 9 and 16 March 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 8, Diverse Right 4, independents 4, Citizens and Republic Movement 1, Democratic Movement 1, Diverse Left 1; note - political parties are the same as parties in France note: Mayotte elects two members of the French Senate; elections last held 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC-UDF 1, UMP 1; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 10-17 June 2007 (next to be held in 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 1

Mexico bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 seats allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are elected by popular vote; remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's popular vote; members to serve three-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 2 July 2006 for all of the seats (next to be held on 1 July 2012); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 5 July 2009 (next to be held on 1 July 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAN 52, PRI 33, PRD 26, PVEM 6, CD 5, PT 5, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRI 237, PAN 143, PRD 72, PVEM 21, PT 13, CD 6, other 8; note - as of 1 January 2011, the current composition of the Senate is: PAN 50, PRI 33, PRD 25, PVEM 6, CD 6, PT 5, independent 3; the current composition of the Chamber of Deputies is: PRI 237, PAN 142, PRD 69, PVEM 21, PT 13, CD 8, other 10

Micronesia, Federated States of unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote) elections: last held on 3 March 2009 (next to be held in March 2011) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14

Moldova unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; members elected on an at-large basis by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 28 November 2010 (next to be held in 2014); note - this was the third parliamentary election in less than two years; the earlier parliaments (elected 5 April 2009 and 29 July 2009) could not agree on a presidential candidate election results: percent of vote by party - PCRM 39.3%, PLDM 29.4%, PD 12.7%, PL 10%, other 8.6%; seats by party - PCRM 42, PLDM 32, PD 15, PL 12; note - the PLDM, PD, and PL governing coalition, termed the Alliance for European Integration, has 59 seats; it remains 2 votes short of the 61 needed to elect a new president

Monaco unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 3 February 2008 (next to be held in February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3

Mongolia unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms elections: last held on 29 June 2008 (next to be held in June 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPP 46, DP 27, others 3

Montenegro unicameral Assembly (81 seats; members elected by direct vote to serve four-year terms; note - seats increased from 74 seats in 2006) elections: last held on 29 March 2009 (next to be held in 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 51.94%, SNP 16.83%, NOVA 9.22%, PZP 6.03%, other (including Albanian minority parties) 15.98%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 48, SNP 16, NOVA 8, PZP 5, Albanian minority parties 4

Montserrat unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats; 9 members popularly elected to serve five-year terms; the attorney general and financial secretary sit as ex-officio members) elections: last held on 8 September 2009 (next to be held by 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MCAP 6, independents 3

Morocco bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Counselors (or upper house) (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates to serve nine-year terms; one-third of the members are elected every three years) and Chamber of Representatives (or lower house) (325 seats; 295 members elected by multi-seat constituencies and 30 from national lists of women; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held on 3 October 2009 (next to be held in 2012); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PI 52, PJD 46, MP 41, RNI 39, USFP 38, UC 27, PPS 17, FFD 9, MDS 9, Al Ahd 8, other 39

Mozambique unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8

Namibia bicameral legislature consists of the National Council, primarily an advisory body (26 seats; two members chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms), and the National Assembly (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 29-30 November 2004 (next to be held on 26-27 November 2010); National Assembly - last held on 26-27 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2014) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 89.7%, UDF 4.7%, NUDO 2.8%, DTA 1.9%, other 0.9%; seats by party - SWAPO 24, UDF 1, DTA 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 75.3%, RDP 11.3%, DTA 3.1%, NUDO 3.0%, UDF 2.4%, APP 1.4%, RP 0.8%, COD 0.7%, SWANU 0.6%, other 1.3%; seats by party - SWAPO 54, RDP 8, DTA 2, NUDO 2, UDF 2, APP 1, RP 1, COD 1, SWANU 1

Nauru unicameral parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 19 June 2010 (next to be held in 2013) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 18

Nepal unicameral Constituent Assembly (601 seats; 240 members elected by direct popular vote, 335 by proportional representation, and 26 appointed by the Cabinet (Council of Ministers)) elections: last held on 10 April 2008 (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote by party - CPN-M 38%, NC 19%, CPN-UML 19%,Madhesi People's Right Forum 9%, Terai Madhes Democratic Party and Sadbhawana Party 5%, other 15%; seats by party - CPN-M 220, NC 110, CPN-UML 103, Madhesi People's Rights Forum 52, Terai Madhes Democratic Party 20, Sadbhawana Party 9, other smaller parties 56; note - 26 seats filled by the new Cabinet and are included in the seat totals above

Netherlands bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils to serve four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: First Chamber - last held 29 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2011); Second Chamber - last held 9 June 2010 (next to be held by May 2015) election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 21, PvdA 14, VVD 14, Socialist Party 11, Christian Union 4, Green Left Party 4, D66 2, other 5; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 20.5%, PvdA 19.6%, PVV, 15.4%, CDA 13.6%, SP 9.8%, D66 6.9%, GL 6.7%, CU 3.2, other 4.3%; seats by party - VVD 31, PvdA 30, PVV 24, CDA 21, SP 15, D66 10, GL 10, CU 5, other 4

New Caledonia elections: unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres du territoire (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) last held on 9 May 2009 (next to be held on 10 May 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 13, Caledonia Together 10, UC 8, UNI 8, AE 6, FLNKS 3, Labor Party 3, other 3 note: New Caledonia holds two seats in the French Senate; elections last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held not later than September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2; New Caledonia also elects two seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held on 10 and 17 June 2007 (next to be held in June 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2

New Zealand unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (usually 120 seats; 70 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, 50 proportional seats chosen from party lists; serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 8 November 2008 (next to be held not later than 27 November 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - National Party 44.9%, Labor Party 34%, Green Party 6.7%, NZ First 4%, ACT Party 3.7%, Maori 2.4%, Progressive 0.9%, United Front 0.9%, other 6.6%; seats by party - National Party 58, Labor Party 43, Green Party 9, ACT Party 5, Maori 5, Progressive 1, United Front 1 note: results of 2008 election saw the total number of seats increase to 122

Nicaragua unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 90 members elected by proportional representation and party lists to serve five-year terms; 1 seat for the previous president, 1 seat for the runner-up in previous presidential election) elections: last held on 5 November 2006 (next to be held by November 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 38, PLC 25, ALN 23 (22 plus one for presidential candidate Eduardo MONTEALEGRE, runner-up in the 2006 presidential election), MRS 5, APRE 1 (outgoing President Enrique BOLANOS); note - as of 1 May 2009: seats by party - FSLN 38, PLC 20, BDN 17, ALN 6, MRS 3, APRE 1, Independent 7

Niger unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 20 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MNSD 76, RSD 15, RDP 7, PNA-Alouma 1, Alkalami 1, Nigerien Party of the Masses for Labor 1, independents 12

Nigeria bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2011); House of Representatives - last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held on 15 January 2011) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 85, ANPP 16, AC 6, PPA 1, ACCORD 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 65.1%, ANPP 21.6%, AC 8.8%, PPA 0.8%, LP 0.8%; seats by party - PDP 263, ANPP 63, AC 30, PPA 3, LP 1

Niue unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held on 7 June 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 20 independents

Norfolk Island unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members to serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 17 March 2010 (next to be held in 2013) election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)

Northern Mariana Islands bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 7 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2011); House of Representatives - last held on 7 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2011) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Covenant Party 3, Republican Party 3, Democratic Party 1, independents 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 12, Covenant Party 4, Democratic Party 1, independents 3 note: the Northern Mariana Islands elects one nonvoting delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012); seats by party - independent 1

Norway modified unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members elected by popular vote by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 14 September 2009 (next to be held in September 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - DNA 35.4%, FrP 22.9%, H 17.2%, SV 6.2%, Sp 6.2%, KrF 5.5%, V 3.9%, other 2.7%; seats by party - DNA 64, FrP 41, H 30, SV 11, Sp 11, KrF 10, V 2 note: for certain purposes, the parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership in the Lagting and three-fourths of its membership in the Odelsting

Oman bicameral Majlis Oman consists of Majlis al-Dawla or upper chamber (71 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has only advisory powers and Majlis al-Shura or lower chamber (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; body has only advisory powers) elections: last held on 27 October 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: new candidates won 46 seats and 38 members of the outgoing Majlis kept their positions; none of the 20 female candidates was elected

Pakistan bicameral parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one half are elected every three years) and the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members elected by popular vote; 60 seats reserved for women; 10 seats reserved for non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 3 March 2009 (next to be held in March 2012); National Assembly - last held on 18 February 2008 with by-elections on 26 June 2008 (next to be held in 2013) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPPP 27, PML-Q 21, MMA 9, PML-N 7, ANP 6, MQM 6, JUI-F 4, BNP-A 2, JWP 1, NPP 1, PKMAP 1, PML-F 1, PPP 1, independents 13; National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party as of October 2010 - PPPP 127, PML-N 90, PML 51, MQM 25, ANP 13, JUI-F 8, PML-F 5, BNP-A 1, NPP 1, PPP-S 1, independents 18, unfilled seats - 2

Palau bicameral National Congress or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of the Senate (9 seats; members elected by popular vote on a population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012); House of Delegates - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9; House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 16

Panama unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (71 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 3 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRD 26, Panamenista 22, CD 14, UP 4, Independent 2, MOLIRENA 2, PP 1 note: legislators from outlying rural districts chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula

Papua New Guinea unicameral National Parliament (109 seats, 89 filled from open electorates and 20 from provinces and national capital district; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); constitution allows up to 126 seats elections: last held from 30 June to 10 July 2007; next to be held in June 2012 election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA 27, PNGP 8, PAP 6, URP 6, PANGU PATI 5, PDM 5, independents 19, others 33; note - election to 1 seat was nullified note: 15 other parties won 4 or fewer seats; association with political parties is fluid

Paraguay bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 20 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2013); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2013) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 15, PLRA 14, UNACE 9, PPQ 4, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 30, PLRA 27, UNACE 15, PPQ 3, APC 2, other 3; note - as of 1 January 2010, the composition of the Chamber of Deputies is ANR 30, PLRA 29, UNACE 15, PPQ 4, other 2

Peru unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 9 April 2006 (next to be held in April 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%, other 14.6%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2

Philippines bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Nga Kinatawan; the House has 287 seats including 230 members in one tier representing districts and 57 sectoral party-list members in a second tier representing special minorities elected on the basis of one seat for every 2% of the total vote but are limited to three seats; a party represented in one tier may not hold seats in the other tier; all House members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms note: the constitution limits the House of Representatives to 250 members; the number of members allowed was increased, however, through legislation when in April 2009 the Philippine Supreme Court ruled that additional party members could sit in the House of Representatives if they received the required number of votes elections: Senate - elections last held on 10 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2013); House of Representatives - elections last held on 10 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2013) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 4, LP 4, NP 4, NPC 2, PMP 2, LDP 1, PRP 1, independents 5; note - there are 23 rather than 24 sitting senators because one senator was elected mayor of Manila; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 38.4%, LP 20.3%, NPC 15.4%, NP 11.5%, independents 7.1%, others 7.3%; seats by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 104, LP 45, NPC 31, NP 26, others 17, independents 7, party-list 56

Pitcairn Islands unicameral Island Council (11 seats; mayor, deputy mayor, 4 members elected by popular vote, 1 member appointed by the governor, 3 ex officio members including governor, deputy governor, and commissioner; deputy mayor and elected members serve two-year terms) elections: last held on 24 December 2009 (next to be held on 24 December 2011) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - all independents

Poland bicameral legislature consists of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members elected by a majority vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms), and a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members elected under a complex system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the designation of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the two houses meet jointly elections: Senate - last held on 21 October 2007 (next to be held by October 2011); Sejm - last held on 21 October 2007 (next to be held by October 2011) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PO 60, PiS 39, independents 1; Sejm - percent of vote by party - PO 41.5%, PiS 32.1%, LiD 13.2%, PSL 8.9%, other 4.3%; seats by party - PO 209, PiS 166, LiD 53, PSL 31, German minorities 1; note - seats by party as of December 2010 - PO 203, PiS 147, SLD 44, PSL 31, PJN 17, SPDL 4, DKP_SD 3, German minorities 1, Independents 9, Vacant 1 note: one seat is assigned to ethnic minority parties in the Sejm only

Portugal unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held in fall 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - PS 42%, PSD 35%, CDS/PP 9%, BE 7%, CDU 7%; seats by party - PS 97, PSD 81, CDS/PP 21, BE 16, CDU 15

Puerto Rico bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (at least 27 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012); House of Representatives - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PNP 81.5%, PPD 18.5%; seats by party - PNP 22, PPD 5; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PNP 72.5%, PPD 27.5%; seats by party - PNP 37, PPD 14 note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 1

Qatar unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed) note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every year since the new constitution came into force on 9 June 2005; the constitution provides for a new 45-member Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect 30 members and the Amir would appoint 15; elections to the Majlis al-Shura are tentatively scheduled for June 2010

Romania bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members elected by popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (334 seats; members elected by popular vote in a mixed electoral system to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 30 November 2008 (next expected to be held in November 2012); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 30 November 2008 (next expected to be held in November 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PC 34.2%, PDL 33.6%, PNL 18.7%, UDMR 6.4%, other 7.1%; seats by alliance/party - PSD-PC 49, PDL 51, PNL 28, UDMR 9; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by alliance/party - PSD-PC 33.1%, PDL 32.4%, PNL 18.6%, UDMR 6.2%, ethnic minorities 3.6%, other 6.1%; seats by alliance/party - PDL 115, PSD-PC 114, PNL 65, UDMR 22, ethnic minorities 18

Russia bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of an upper house, the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (166 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 83 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members to serve four-year terms) and a lower house, the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: State Duma - last held on 2 December 2007 (next to be held in December 2011) election results: State Duma - United Russia 64.3%, CPRF 11.5%, LDPR 8.1%, Just Russia 7.7%, other 8.4%; total seats by party - United Russia 315, CPRF 57, LDPR 40, Just Russia 38

Rwanda bicameral Parliament consists of Senate (26 seats; 12 members elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum, 2 represent institutions of higher learning; members to serve eight-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies (80 seats; 53 members elected by popular vote, 24 women elected by local bodies, 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - members appointed as part of the transitional government (next to be held in 2011); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 15 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - RPF 78.8%, PSD 13.1%, PL 7.5%; seats by party - RPF 42, PSD 7, PL 4, additional 27 members indirectly elected

Saint Barthelemy unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 1 and 8 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - SBA 72.2%, Action-Equilibre-Transparence 9.9%, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 7.9%, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 9.9%; seats by party - SBA 16, Action-Equilibre-Transparence 1, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 1, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 1 note: Saint Barthelemy elects one seat to the French Senate; election last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha unicameral Legislative Council (17 seats, including a speaker and deputy speaker, 12 elected, and three ex officio members; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) note: the Constitution Order provides for separate Island Councils for both Ascension and Tristan da Cunha elections: last held on 4 November 2009 (next to be held in 2013) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12

Saint Kitts and Nevis unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 25 January 2010 (next to be held by 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SKNLP 6, CCM 2, PAM 2, NRP 1

Saint Lucia bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held on 11 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2011) election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - UWP 50%, SLP 46.9%, other 3.1%; seats by party - UWP 11, SLP 6

Saint Martin unicameral Territorial Council (23 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 1 and 8 July 2007 (next to be held in July 2012) election results: percent of seats by party - UPP 49%, RRR 42.2%, Reussir Saint-Martin 8.9%; seats by party - UPP 16, RRR 6, Reussir Saint-Martin 1 note: Saint Martin elects one member to the French Senate; election last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1

Saint Pierre and Miquelon unicameral Territorial Council or Conseil Territorial (19 seats, 15 from Saint Pierre and four from Miquelon; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held on 19 and 26 in March 2006 (next to be held in March 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AD 16, Cap sur l'Avenir 2, SPM 2000/AM 1 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect one member to the French Senate; elections last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held on, first round - 10 June 2007, second round - 17 June 2007 (next to be held in 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Left Radical Party 1

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 13 December 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - ULP 51.6%, NDP 47.8%; seats by party - ULP 8, NDP 7

Samoa unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats, 47 members elected by voters affiliated with traditional village-based electoral districts, 2 elected by independent, mostly non-Samoan or part-Samoan, voters who cannot, (or choose not to) establish a village affiliation; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono from the 47 village-based electorates; members serve five-year terms) elections: election last held on 31 March 2006 (next election to be held not later than March 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - HRPP 35, SDUP 10, independents 4

San Marino unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2%: PDCS 31.9%, AP 11.5%, Freedom List 6.3%, San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%; Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8%: Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%; seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35: PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2; Reforms and Freedom coalition 25: Party of Socialists and Democrats 18, United Left 5, Democrats of the Center 2

Sao Tome and Principe unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 1 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADI 26, MLSTP 21, PCD 7, MDFM 1

Saudi Arabia Consultative Council or Majlis al-Shura (150 members and a chairman appointed by the monarch to serve four-year terms); note - though the Council of Ministers announced in October 2003 its intent to introduce elections for a third of the Majlis al-Shura incrementally over a period of four to five years, to date no such elections have been held or announced

Senegal bicameral Parliament consisting of the Senate, reinstituted in 2007, (100 seats; 35 members indirectly elected and 65 members appointed by the president) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members elected by direct popular vote and 60 elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 19 August 2007 (next to be held - NA); National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2007 (next to be held in 2012); note - the National Assembly in December 2005 voted to postpone legislative elections originally scheduled for 2006; legislative elections were first rescheduled to coincide with the 25 February 2007 presidential elections and later for 3 June 2007; the election was boycotted by 12 opposition parties, including the former ruling Socialist Party, which resulted in a record-low 35% voter turnout election results: Senate results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDS 34, AJ/PADS 1, 65 appointed by the president; National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 131, other 19

Serbia unicameral National Assembly (250 seats; deputies elected according to party lists to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 11 May 2008 (next to be held in May 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - For a European Serbia coalition 38.4%, SRS 29.5%, DSS-NS 11.6%, SPS-led coalition 7.6%, LPD 5.2%, other 7.7%; seats by party - For a European Serbia coalition 102, SRS 57, DSS-NS 30, SNS 21, SPS-led coalition 20, LDP 13, other 7

Seychelles unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 10-12 May 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 56.2%, SNP 43.8%; seats by party - SPPF 23, SNP 11

Sierra Leone unicameral Parliament (124 seats; 112 members elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 August 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, SLPP 43, PMDC 10

Singapore unicameral Parliament (84 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - in addition, there are up to 9 nominated members; up to three losing opposition candidates who came closest to winning seats may be appointed as "nonconstituency" members elections: last held on 6 May 2006 (next to be held by February 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 66.6%, WP 16.3%, SDA 13%, SDP 4.1%; seats by party - PAP 82, WP 1, SDA 1

Sint Maarten unicameral parliament or Staten (15 seats; members elected by popular vote for four year term) elections: last held 17 September 2010 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - National Alliance 45.9%, UPP 36.1%, Democratic Party 17.1%; seats by party - National Alliance 7, UPP 6, Democratic Party 2

Slovakia unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 12 June 2010 (next to be held in June 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - Smer 34.8%, SDKU-DS 15%, SaS 12.1%, KDH 8.5%, Most-Hid 8.1%, SNS 5.1%, other 16.2%; seats by party - Smer 62, SDKU-DS 28, SaS 22, KDH 15, Most-Hid 14, SNS 9

Slovenia bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 members directly elected and 50 are elected on a proportional basis; note - the number of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; the constitution mandates 1 seat each for Slovenia's Hungarian and Italian minorities; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held on 8 October 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - SD 30.5%, SDS 29.3%, ZARES 9.4%, DeSUS 7.5%, SNS 5.5%, SLS+SMS 5.2%, LDS 5.2%, other 7.4%; seats by party - SD 29, SDS 28, ZARES 9, DeSUS 7, SNS 5, SLS+SMS 5, LDS 5, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1

Solomon Islands unicameral National Parliament (50 seats; members elected from single-member constituencies by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 4 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Solomon Islands Democratic Party 13, Our Party 3, Reformed Democratic Party 3, Independent Democratic Party 2, PAP 2, SIPRA 2, Peoples Congress Party 1, Peoples Federation Party 1, Rural Development Party 1, Rural and Urban Political Party 1, Solomon Islands Liberal Party 1, Solomon Islands National Party 1, independents 19

Somalia unicameral National Assembly note: unicameral Transitional Federal Assembly (TFA) (550 seats; 475 members appointed according to the 4.5 clan formula, with the remaining 75 seats reserved for civil society and business persons)

South Africa bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities) and the National Assembly (400 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held on 22 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014) election results: National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 65.9%, DA 16.7%, COPE 7.4%, IFP 4.6%, other 5.4%; seats by party - ANC 264, DA 67, COPE 30, IFP 18, other 21

Spain bicameral; General Courts or Las Cortes Generales (National Assembly) consists of the Senate or Senado (264 seats as of 2008; 208 members directly elected by popular vote and the other 56 - as of 2008 - appointed by the regional legislatures; members to serve four-year terms) and the Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; each of the 50 electoral provinces fills a minimum of two seats and the North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla fill one seat each with members serving a four-year term; the other 248 members are determined by proportional representation based on popular vote on block lists who serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 9 March 2008 (next to be held by March 2012); Congress of Deputies - last held on 9 March 2008 (next to be held by March 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 101, PSOE 88, Entesa Catalona de Progress 12, CiU 4, PNV 2, CC 1, members appointed by regional legislatures 56; Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 43.6%, PP 40.1%, CiU 3.1%, PNV 1.2%, ERC 1.2%, other 10.8%; seats by party - PSOE 169, PP 154, CiU 10, PNV 6, ERC 3, other 8; note - seats by party in the Congress of Deputies as of 15 December 2009 - PSOE 169, PP 153, CiU 10, PNV 6, ERC 3, other 9

Sri Lanka unicameral Parliament (225 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of an open-list, proportional representation system by electoral district to serve six-year terms) elections: last held on 8 April 2010 with a repoll in two electorates held on 20 April 2010 (next to be held by April 2016) election results: percent of vote by alliance or party - United People's Freedom Alliance 60.93%, United National Party 29.34%, Democratic National Alliance 5.49%, Tamil National Alliance 2.9%, other 1.94%; seats by alliance or party - United People's Freedom Alliance 144, United National Party 60, Tamil National Alliance 14, Democratic National Alliance 7

Sudan bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms) elections: last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2016) election results: Not available; prior to the 11-15 April 2010 election, members appointmented under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement

Suriname unicameral National Assembly or Nationale Assemblee (51 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 25 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - Mega Combination 45.1%, New Front 27.5%, A-Com 13.7%, People's Alliance 11.8%, DOE 1.9%; seats by party - Mega Combination 23, New Front 14, A-Com 7, People's Alliance 6, DOE 1

Swaziland bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held on 19 September 2008 (next to be held in 2013) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round

Sweden unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 19 September 2010 (next to be held in September 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 30.7%, Moderates 30.1%, Greens 7.3%, Liberal People's Party 7.1%, Center Party 6.6%, Sweden Democrats 5.7%, Christian Democrats 5.6%, Left Party 5.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 112, Moderates 107, Greens 25, Liberal People's Party 24, Center Party 23, Sweden Democrats 20, Christian Democrats 19, Left Party 19

Switzerland bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; membership consists of 2 representatives from each canton and 1 from each half canton; members serve four-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation serve four-year terms) elections: Council of States - last held in most cantons in October 2007 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held on 21 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2011) election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CVP 15, FDP 12, SVP 7, SPS 9, other 3; National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 29%, SPS 19.5%, FDP 15.6%, CVP 14.6%, Greens 9.6%, other 11.7%; seats by party - SVP 62, SPS 43, FDP 31, CVP 31, Green Party 20, other small parties 13

Syria unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 22-23 April 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPF 172, independents 78

Taiwan unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats - 73 district members elected by popular vote, 34 at-large members elected on basis of proportion of islandwide votes received by participating political parties, 6 elected by popular vote among aboriginal populations; members to serve four-year terms); parties must receive 5% of vote to qualify for at-large seats elections: Legislative Yuan - last held on 12 January 2008 (next to be held in December 2011 or January 2012) election results: Legislative Yuan - percent of vote by party - KMT 53.5%, DPP 38.2%, NPSU 2.4%, PFP 0.3%, others 1.6%, independents 4%; seats by party - KMT 81, DPP 27, NPSU 3, PFP 1, independent 1; note - following the 2008 elections, several rounds of byelections were held to fill seats vacated as a result of corruption changes; seats by party as of December 2010 - KMT 74, DPP 33, NPSU 3, independent 2, vacant 1

Tajikistan bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; members serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, Islamic Revival Party 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PER 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, Islamic Revival Party 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PER 2

Tanzania unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats; 232 members elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 14 December 2005 (next to be held on 31 October 2010) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 206, CUF 19, CHADEMA 5, other 2, women appointed by the president 37, Zanzibar representatives 5 Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 30, CUF 19; 1 seat was nullified with a rerun to take place soon

Thailand bicameral National Assembly or Rathasapha consisted of the Senate or Wuthisapha (150 seats; 76 members elected by popular vote representing 76 provinces, 74 appointed by judges and independent government bodies; members serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Sapha Phuthaen Ratsadon (480 seats; 400 members elected from 157 multi-seat constituencies and 80 elected on proportional party-list basis of 10 per eight zones or groupings of provinces; members serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 2 March 2008 (next to be held in March 2014); House of Representatives - last election held on 23 December 2007 (next to be held by December 2011) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPP 233, DP 164, TNP 34, Motherland 24, Middle Way 11, Unity 9, Royalist People's 5; following the PPP's dissolution in December 2008, most of the party's seats were assumed by its successor, the Phuea Thai Party note: 74 senators were appointed on 19 February 2008 by a seven-member committee headed by the chief of the Constitutional Court; 76 senators were elected on 2 March 2008; elections to the Senate are non-partisan; registered political party members are disqualified from being senators

Timor-Leste unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary from 52 to 65; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 30 June 2007 (next elections due by June 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 29%, CNRT 24.1%, ASDT-PSD 15.8%, PD 11.3%, PUN 4.5%, KOTA-PPT (Democratic Alliance) 3.2%, UNDERTIM 3.2%, others 8.9%; seats by party - FRETILIN 21, CNRT 18, ASDT-PSD 11, PD 8, PUN 3, KOTA-PPT 2, UNDERTIM 2

Togo unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 14 October 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - RPT 39.4%, UFC 37.0%, CAR 8.2%, independents 2.5%, other 12.9%; seats by party - RPT 50, UFC 27, CAR 4

Tokelau unicameral General Fono (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms based upon proportional representation from the three islands; Atafu has 7 seats, Fakaofo has 7 seats, Nukunonu has 6 seats); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power to the General Fono elections: last held on 17-19 January 2008 (next to be held in 2011) election results: independents 20

Tonga unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (26 seats - 9 for nobles elected from among the country's 29 nobles, 17 members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 25 November 2010 (next to be held in 2014) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - independents 67.3%, Democratic Party 28.5%; seats - Democratic Party 12, independents 5

Trinidad and Tobago bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party to serve a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held on 24 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - NA; seats by party - UNC 21, PNM 12, COP 6, TOP 2 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms; last election held in January 2005; seats by party - PNM 11, DAC 1

Tunisia bicameral system consists of the Chamber of Advisors (126 seats; 85 members elected by municipal counselors, deputies, mayors, and professional associations and trade unions; 41 members are presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); and the Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Advisors - last held on 3 July 2005 (next to be held in July 2011); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); election results: Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - RCD 84.6%, MDS 4.6%, PUP 3.4%, UDU 2.6%, PSL 2.2%, PVP 1.7%, Al-Tajdid 0.5%; seats by party - RCD 161, MDS 16, PUP 12, UDU 9, PSL 8, PVP 6, Al-Tajdid 2; voter turnout 89.4%

Turkey unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 22 July 2007 (next to be held by July 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 46.7%, CHP 20.8%, MHP 14.3%, independents 5.2%, other 13.0%; seats by party - AKP 341, CHP 112, MHP 71, independents 26; note - seats by party as of 15 November 2010 - AKP 335, CHP 101, MHP 70, BDP 20, DSP 6, DP 1, TP 1, independents 7, vacant 9 (BDP entered parliament as independents; DSP entered parliament on CHP's party list; DP and TP switched to their respective parties after having been elected to parliament as an independent or on the list of another party); only parties surpassing the 10% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats

Turkmenistan unicameral parliament known as the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 14 December 2008 (next to be held in December 2013) election results: 100% of elected officials are members of either the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or its pseudo-civil society parent organization, the Revival Movement, and are preapproved by the president note: in 26 September 2008, a new constitution of Turkmenistan abolished a second, 2,507-member legislative body known as the People's Council and expanded the number of deputies in the National Assembly from 65 to 125; the powers formerly held by the People's Council were divided up between the president and the National Assembly

Turks and Caicos Islands under provisions of the Order in Council, the unicameral House of Assembly is dissolved and all seats vacated for a period of up to two years; in the interim, a Consultative Forum, appointed by the governor, will be established elections: last held on 9 February 2007 (next to be held by July 2011) election results: under provisions of the Order in Council, all seats in the House of Assembly are vacated

Tuvalu unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 16 September 2010 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 15; 10 members reelected

Uganda unicameral National Assembly (332 seats; 215 members elected by popular vote, 104 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 79, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 13 ex-officio members; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 23 February 2006 (next to be held on 18 February 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 205, FDC 37, UPC 9, DP 8, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 37, other 34

Ukraine unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; members allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 3% or more of the national electoral vote; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 30 September 2007 (next must be held in 2012 or sooner if a ruling coalition cannot be formed in the Rada) election results: percent of vote by party/bloc - Party of Regions 34.4%, Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko 30.7%, Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 14.2%, CPU 5.4%, Lytvyn Bloc 4%, other parties 11.3%; seats by party/bloc - Party of Regions 175, Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko 156, Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 72, CPU 27, Lytvyn Bloc 20

United Arab Emirates unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected to serve four-year terms) elections: elections for one half of the FNC (the other half remains appointed) held on 18-20 December 2006; the new electoral college - a body of 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed by the rulers of the seven emirates - were the only eligible voters and candidates; 456 candidates including 65 women ran for 20 contested FNC seats; one female from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi won a seat and 8 women were among the 20 appointed members note: the FNC reviews legislation but cannot change or veto

United Kingdom bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords (741 seats; consisting of approximately 625 life peers, 91 hereditary peers, and 25 clergy - as of 15 December 2010) and House of Commons (650 seats since 2010 elections; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier) elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain there; elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise); House of Commons - last held on 6 May 2010 (next to be held by June 2015) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 36.1%, Labor 29%, Liberal Democrats 23%, other 11.9%; seats by party - Conservative 305, Labor 258, Liberal Democrat 57, other 30 note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly (because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of 1999 and has been suspended four times, the latest occurring in October 2002 and lasting until 8 May 2007); in 1999, the UK held the first elections for a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly, the most recent of which were held in May 2007

United States bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012); House of Representatives - last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 51, Republican Party 47, independent 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 192, Republican Party 243

Uruguay bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; vice president has one vote in the Senate) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Frente Amplio 16, Blanco 9, Colorado Party 5; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Frente Amplio 50, Blanco 30, Colorado Party 17, Independent Party 2

Uzbekistan bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (150 seats; 135 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, while 15 spots reserved for the new Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan) elections: last held on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (next to be held in December 2014) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, NDP 32, National Rebirth Party 31, Adolat 19 note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV

Vanuatu unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 2 September 2008 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP 11, NUP 8, UMP 7, VRP 7, PPP 4, GC 2, MPP 1, NA 1, NAG 1, PAP 1, Shepherds Alliance 1, VFFP 1, VLP 1, VNP 1, VPRFP 1, and independent 4; note - political party associations are fluid note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language

Venezuela unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela) elections: last held on 26 September 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%, opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party - pro-government 98, opposition 65, other 2

Vietnam unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (493 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 20 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPV 450, non-party CPV-approved 42, self-nominated 1; note - 493 candidates were elected; CPV and non-party CPV-approved delegates were members of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front

Virgin Islands unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 10, ICM 2, independent 3 note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2010 (next to be held on November 2012)

Wallis and Futuna unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 1 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 13, other 7 note: Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the French Senate and one deputy to the French National Assembly; French Senate - elections last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held by September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP 1; French National Assembly - elections last held on 17 June 2007 (next to be held by 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats - PS 1

Yemen bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve eight-year terms) elections: last held on 27 April 2003 (scheduled April 2009 election postponed for two years) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 47, YSP 6, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 5

Zambia unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 28 September 2006 (next to be held in October 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not determined 2

Zimbabwe bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 members elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president and the prime minister, 16 traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 seats held by the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5 members appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held on 28 March 2008 (next to be held in 2013) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.6%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.6%; seats by party - MDC 30, ZANU-PF 30; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.3%, ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.9%; seats by party - MDC 109, ZANU-PF 97, other 4

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@2102

Field Listing :: Life expectancy at birth

This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. Country Comparison to the World Country

Life expectancy at birth(years)

Afghanistan total population: 44.65 years male: 44.45 years female: 44.87 years (2010 est.)

Albania total population: 77.22 years male: 74.65 years female: 80.11 years (2010 est.)

Algeria total population: 74.26 years male: 72.57 years female: 76.04 years (2010 est.)

American Samoa total population: 73.97 years male: 71.04 years female: 77.08 years (2010 est.)

Andorra total population: 82.36 years male: 80.3 years female: 84.55 years (2010 est.)

Angola total population: 38.48 years male: 37.48 years female: 39.52 years (2010 est.)

Anguilla total population: 80.77 years male: 78.22 years female: 83.39 years (2010 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda total population: 75.26 years male: 73.27 years female: 77.35 years (2010 est.)

Argentina total population: 76.76 years male: 73.52 years female: 80.17 years (2010 est.)

Armenia total population: 72.96 years male: 69.33 years female: 77.07 years (2010 est.)

Aruba total population: 75.51 years male: 72.47 years female: 78.61 years (2010 est.)

Australia total population: 81.72 years male: 79.33 years female: 84.25 years (2010 est.)

Austria total population: 79.65 years male: 76.74 years female: 82.71 years (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan total population: 67.01 years male: 62.86 years female: 71.67 years (2010 est.)

Bahamas, The total population: 70.84 years male: 68.48 years female: 73.27 years (2010 est.)

Bahrain total population: 75.4 years male: 72.87 years female: 78.01 years (2010 est.)

Bangladesh total population: 69.44 years male: 67.64 years female: 71.3 years (2010 est.)

Barbados total population: 74.14 years male: 71.88 years female: 76.42 years (2010 est.)

Belarus total population: 70.92 years male: 65.26 years female: 76.93 years (2010 est.)

Belgium total population: 79.37 years male: 76.21 years female: 82.68 years (2010 est.)

Belize total population: 68.23 years male: 66.54 years female: 70 years (2010 est.)

Benin total population: 59.42 years male: 58.21 years female: 60.68 years (2010 est.)

Bermuda total population: 80.6 years male: 77.37 years female: 83.88 years (2010 est.)

Bhutan total population: 66.71 years male: 65.89 years female: 67.57 years (2010 est.)

Bolivia total population: 67.23 years male: 64.52 years female: 70.07 years (2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina total population: 78.66 years male: 75.09 years female: 82.49 years (2010 est.)

Botswana total population: 60.93 years male: 61.11 years female: 60.75 years (2010 est.)

Brazil total population: 72.26 years male: 68.7 years female: 76 years (2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands total population: 77.45 years male: 76.18 years female: 78.78 years (2010 est.)

Brunei total population: 75.96 years male: 73.72 years female: 78.31 years (2010 est.)

Bulgaria total population: 73.35 years male: 69.74 years female: 77.17 years (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso total population: 53.32 years male: 51.39 years female: 55.31 years (2010 est.)

Burma total population: 64.52 years male: 62.23 years female: 66.94 years (2010 est.)

Burundi total population: 58.29 years male: 56.65 years female: 59.98 years (2010 est.)

Cambodia total population: 62.28 years male: 59.95 years female: 64.72 years (2010 est.)

Cameroon total population: 54.04 years male: 53.21 years female: 54.9 years (2010 est.)

Canada total population: 81.29 years male: 78.72 years female: 84 years (2010 est.)

Cape Verde total population: 70.41 years male: 68.24 years female: 72.64 years (2010 est.)

Cayman Islands total population: 80.57 years male: 77.91 years female: 83.27 years (2010 est.)

Central African Republic total population: 49.68 years male: 48.45 years female: 50.95 years (2010 est.)

Chad total population: 47.99 years male: 46.95 years female: 49.07 years (2010 est.)

Chile total population: 77.53 years male: 74.26 years female: 80.96 years (2010 est.)

China total population: 74.51 years male: 72.54 years female: 76.77 years (2010 est.)

Christmas Island total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Colombia total population: 74.31 years male: 70.98 years female: 77.84 years (2010 est.)

Comoros total population: 63.83 years male: 61.41 years female: 66.32 years (2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total population: 54.73 years male: 52.93 years female: 56.59 years (2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the total population: 54.54 years male: 53.27 years female: 55.84 years (2010 est.)

Cook Islands total population: 74.47 years male: 71.69 years female: 77.38 years (2010 est.)

Costa Rica total population: 77.54 years male: 74.93 years female: 80.28 years (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire total population: 56.19 years male: 55.27 years female: 57.13 years (2010 est.)

Croatia total population: 75.58 years male: 71.95 years female: 79.4 years (2010 est.)

Cuba total population: 77.64 years male: 75.36 years female: 80.05 years (2010 est.)

Curacao total: NA males: 72.4 years females: 80.1 years (2009)

Cyprus total population: 77.66 years male: 74.88 years female: 80.57 years (2010 est.)

Czech Republic total population: 77.01 years male: 73.74 years female: 80.48 years (2010 est.)

Denmark total population: 78.47 years male: 76.11 years female: 80.97 years (2010 est.)

Djibouti total population: 60.73 years male: 58.31 years female: 63.22 years (2010 est.)

Dominica total population: 75.77 years male: 72.82 years female: 78.87 years (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic total population: 77.15 years male: 75.01 years female: 79.38 years (2010 est.)

Ecuador total population: 75.52 years male: 72.58 years female: 78.6 years (2010 est.)

Egypt total population: 72.4 years male: 69.82 years female: 75.1 years (2010 est.)

El Salvador total population: 73.18 years male: 69.91 years female: 76.62 years (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea total population: 61.98 years male: 61.05 years female: 62.94 years (2010 est.)

Eritrea total population: 62.15 years male: 60.06 years female: 64.3 years (2010 est.)

Estonia total population: 73.08 years male: 67.74 years female: 78.76 years (2010 est.)

Ethiopia total population: 55.8 years male: 53.28 years female: 58.39 years (2010 est.)

European Union total population: 78.82 years male: 75.7 years female: 82.13 years (2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Faroe Islands total population: 79.58 years male: 77.13 years female: 82.21 years (2010 est.)

Fiji total population: 71.03 years male: 68.46 years female: 73.73 years (2010 est.)

Finland total population: 79.13 years male: 75.64 years female: 82.76 years (2010 est.)

France total population: 81.09 years male: 77.91 years female: 84.44 years (2010 est.)

French Polynesia total population: 76.91 years male: 74.44 years female: 79.5 years (2010 est.)

Gabon total population: 52.75 years male: 51.96 years female: 53.58 years (2010 est.)

Gambia, The total population: 54.07 years male: 52.32 years female: 55.86 years (2010 est.)

Gaza Strip total population: 73.68 years male: 72.05 years female: 75.4 years (2010 est.)

Georgia total population: 76.93 years male: 73.61 years female: 80.64 years (2010 est.)

Germany total population: 79.41 years male: 76.41 years female: 82.57 years (2010 est.)

Ghana total population: 60.55 years male: 59.36 years female: 61.78 years (2010 est.)

Gibraltar total population: 78.53 years male: 75.69 years female: 81.56 years (2010 est.)

Greece total population: 79.8 years male: 77.24 years female: 82.52 years (2010 est.)

Greenland total population: 70.67 years male: 68.05 years female: 73.43 years (2010 est.)

Grenada total population: 72.79 years male: 70.27 years female: 75.55 years (2010 est.)

Guam total population: 78.18 years male: 75.14 years female: 81.41 years (2010 est.)

Guatemala total population: 70.59 years male: 68.76 years female: 72.51 years (2010 est.)

Guernsey total population: 82.08 years male: 79.43 years female: 84.87 years (2010 est.)

Guinea total population: 57.6 years male: 56.13 years female: 59.12 years (2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau total population: 48.3 years male: 46.44 years female: 50.22 years (2010 est.)

Guyana total population: 66.74 years male: 62.93 years female: 70.74 years (2010 est.)

Haiti total population: 62.17 years male: 60.84 years female: 63.53 years note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2011 est.)

Honduras total population: 70.51 years male: 68.82 years female: 72.28 years (2010 est.)

Hong Kong total population: 81.96 years male: 79.24 years female: 84.88 years (2010 est.)

Hungary total population: 74.57 years male: 70.8 years female: 78.55 years (2010 est.)

Iceland total population: 80.79 years male: 78.63 years female: 83.04 years (2010 est.)

India total population: 66.46 years male: 65.46 years female: 67.57 years (2010 est.)

Indonesia total population: 71.05 years male: 68.53 years female: 73.69 years (2010 est.)

Iran total population: 69.77 years male: 68.32 years female: 71.29 years (2010 est.)

Iraq total population: 70.25 years male: 68.88 years female: 71.69 years (2010 est.)

Ireland total population: 80.07 years male: 77.86 years female: 82.41 years (2010 est.)

Isle of Man total population: 80.53 years male: 79.01 years female: 82.18 years (2010 est.)

Israel total population: 80.86 years male: 78.7 years female: 83.12 years (2010 est.)

Italy total population: 80.33 years male: 77.39 years female: 83.46 years (2010 est.)

Jamaica total population: 73.48 years male: 71.8 years female: 75.25 years (2010 est.)

Japan total population: 82.17 years male: 78.87 years female: 85.66 years (2010 est.)

Jersey total population: 81.28 years male: 78.88 years female: 83.83 years (2010 est.)

Jordan total population: 79.92 years male: 78.64 years female: 81.28 years (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan total population: 68.19 years male: 62.91 years female: 73.78 years (2010 est.)

Kenya total population: 58.82 years male: 58.33 years female: 59.32 years (2010 est.)

Kiribati total population: 64.03 years male: 61.68 years female: 66.49 years (2010 est.)

Korea, North total population: 64.13 years male: 61.53 years female: 66.89 years (2010 est.)

Korea, South total population: 78.81 years male: 75.56 years female: 82.28 years (2010 est.)

Kuwait total population: 77.89 years male: 76.64 years female: 79.18 years (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan total population: 69.74 years male: 65.74 years female: 73.94 years (2010 est.)

Laos total population: 62 years male: 60.14 years female: 63.94 years (2010 est.)

Latvia total population: 72.42 years male: 67.27 years female: 77.84 years (2010 est.)

Lebanon total population: 74.79 years male: 73.28 years female: 76.36 years (2010 est.)

Lesotho total population: 50.67 years male: 50.58 years female: 50.76 years (2010 est.)

Liberia total population: 56.58 years male: 55.05 years female: 58.14 years (2010 est.)

Libya total population: 77.47 years male: 75.18 years female: 79.88 years (2010 est.)

Liechtenstein total population: 80.19 years male: 76.73 years female: 83.66 years (2010 est.)

Lithuania total population: 75.12 years male: 70.23 years female: 80.29 years (2010 est.)

Luxembourg total population: 79.48 years male: 76.22 years female: 82.95 years (2010 est.)

Macau total population: 84.38 years male: 81.42 years female: 87.49 years (2010 est.)

Macedonia total population: 74.92 years male: 72.4 years female: 77.64 years (2010 est.)

Madagascar total population: 63.26 years male: 61.27 years female: 65.3 years (2010 est.)

Malawi total population: 50.92 years male: 50.22 years female: 51.64 years (2010 est.)

Malaysia total population: 73.55 years male: 70.81 years female: 76.48 years (2010 est.)

Maldives total population: 74.21 years male: 72 years female: 76.54 years (2010 est.)

Mali total population: 52.17 years male: 50.59 years female: 53.8 years (2010 est.)

Malta total population: 79.59 years male: 77.34 years female: 81.97 years (2010 est.)

Marshall Islands total population: 71.48 years male: 69.41 years female: 73.65 years (2010 est.)

Mauritania total population: 60.75 years male: 58.57 years female: 62.99 years (2010 est.)

Mauritius total population: 74.25 years male: 70.77 years female: 77.89 years (2010 est.)

Mayotte total population: 63.28 years male: 60.99 years female: 65.63 years (2010 est.)

Mexico total population: 76.26 years male: 73.45 years female: 79.22 years (2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of total population: 71.23 years male: 69.32 years female: 73.24 years (2010 est.)

Moldova total population: 71.09 years male: 67.39 years female: 75 years (2010 est.)

Monaco total population: 89.78 years male: 85.81 years female: 93.9 years (2010 est.)

Mongolia total population: 67.98 years male: 65.54 years female: 70.54 years (2010 est.)

Montserrat total population: 72.91 years male: 74.82 years female: 70.91 years (2010 est.)

Morocco total population: 75.69 years male: 72.63 years female: 78.9 years (2010 est.)

Mozambique total population: 41.37 years male: 42.05 years female: 40.68 years (2010 est.)

Namibia total population: 51.95 years male: 52.25 years female: 51.64 years (2010 est.)

Nauru total population: 64.99 years male: 60.93 years female: 68.39 years (2010 est.)

Nepal total population: 65.81 years male: 64.62 years female: 67.05 years (2010 est.)

Netherlands total population: 79.55 years male: 76.94 years female: 82.3 years (2010 est.)

New Caledonia total population: 76.56 years male: 72.46 years female: 80.86 years (2010 est.)

New Zealand total population: 80.48 years male: 78.52 years female: 82.53 years (2010 est.)

Nicaragua total population: 71.78 years male: 69.61 years female: 74.05 years (2010 est.)

Niger total population: 52.99 years male: 51.75 years female: 54.26 years (2010 est.)

Nigeria total population: 47.24 years male: 46.46 years female: 48.08 years (2010 est.)

Niue total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Norfolk Island total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Northern Mariana Islands total population: 76.9 years male: 74.27 years female: 79.68 years (2010 est.)

Norway total population: 80.08 years male: 77.42 years female: 82.89 years (2010 est.)

Oman total population: 73.97 years male: 72.15 years female: 75.88 years (2010 est.)

Pakistan total population: 65.63 years male: 63.84 years female: 67.5 years (2010 est.)

Palau total population: 71.51 years male: 68.36 years female: 74.84 years (2010 est.)

Panama total population: 77.61 years male: 74.85 years female: 80.5 years (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea total population: 65.99 years male: 63.78 years female: 68.31 years (2010 est.)

Paraguay total population: 75.99 years male: 73.39 years female: 78.71 years (2010 est.)

Peru total population: 71.03 years male: 69.14 years female: 73 years (2010 est.)

Philippines total population: 71.38 years male: 68.45 years female: 74.45 years (2010 est.)

Pitcairn Islands total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Poland total population: 75.85 years male: 71.88 years female: 80.06 years (2010 est.)

Portugal total population: 78.38 years male: 75.12 years female: 81.86 years (2010 est.)

Puerto Rico total population: 78.77 years male: 75.15 years female: 82.57 years (2010 est.)

Qatar total population: 75.51 years male: 73.78 years female: 77.33 years (2010 est.)

Romania total population: 73.74 years male: 70.26 years female: 77.42 years (2010 est.)

Russia total population: 66.16 years male: 59.54 years female: 73.17 years (2010 est.)

Rwanda total population: 57.46 years male: 56.06 years female: 58.91 years (2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha total population: 78.6 years male: 75.68 years female: 81.67 years (2010 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total population: 74.37 years male: 72.03 years female: 76.75 years (2010 est.)

Saint Lucia total population: 76.65 years male: 73.97 years female: 79.48 years (2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon total population: 79.74 years male: 77.49 years female: 82.12 years (2010 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total population: 73.9 years male: 72.04 years female: 75.82 years (2010 est.)

Samoa total population: 72.13 years male: 69.28 years female: 75.13 years (2010 est.)

San Marino total population: 82.95 years male: 80.45 years female: 85.68 years (2010 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe total population: 62.73 years male: 61.58 years female: 63.91 years (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia total population: 73.87 years male: 71.93 years female: 75.9 years (2010 est.)

Senegal total population: 59.38 years male: 57.48 years female: 61.34 years (2010 est.)

Serbia total population: 74.09 years male: 71.26 years female: 77.1 years (2010 est.)

Seychelles total population: 73.28 years male: 68.6 years female: 78.09 years (2010 est.)

Sierra Leone total population: 55.69 years male: 53.27 years female: 58.18 years (2010 est.)

Singapore total population: 82.06 years male: 79.45 years female: 84.87 years (2010 est.)

Sint Maarten total population: NA male: 73.1 years female: 78.2 years (2009)

Slovakia total population: 75.62 years male: 71.7 years female: 79.74 years (2010 est.)

Slovenia total population: 77.12 years male: 73.45 years female: 81.03 years (2010 est.)

Solomon Islands total population: 73.94 years male: 71.37 years female: 76.63 years (2010 est.)

Somalia total population: 50 years male: 48.12 years female: 51.94 years (2010 est.)

South Africa total population: 49.2 years male: 50.08 years female: 48.29 years (2010 est.)

Spain total population: 81.07 years male: 78.06 years female: 84.27 years (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka total population: 75.3 years male: 73.22 years female: 77.47 years (2010 est.)

Sudan total population: 54.21 years male: 53.04 years female: 55.44 years (2010 est.)

Suriname total population: 73.98 years male: 71.24 years female: 76.91 years (2010 est.)

Svalbard total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Swaziland total population: 47.97 years male: 48.14 years female: 47.8 years (2010 est.)

Sweden total population: 80.97 years male: 78.69 years female: 83.4 years (2010 est.)

Switzerland total population: 80.97 years male: 78.14 years female: 83.95 years (2010 est.)

Syria total population: 74.46 years male: 72.1 years female: 76.96 years (2010 est.)

Taiwan total population: 78.15 years male: 75.34 years female: 81.2 years (2010 est.)

Tajikistan total population: 65.68 years male: 62.63 years female: 68.88 years (2010 est.)

Tanzania total population: 52.49 years male: 50.99 years female: 54.03 years (2010 est.)

Thailand total population: 75.02 years male: 72.94 years female: 77.21 years (2010 est.)

Timor-Leste total population: 67.61 years male: 65.23 years female: 70.11 years (2010 est.)

Togo total population: 62.25 years male: 59.74 years female: 64.83 years (2010 est.)

Tokelau total population: NA male: NA female: NA

Tonga total population: 71.03 years male: 68.46 years female: 73.73 years (2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago total population: 71.09 years male: 68.23 years female: 74.02 years (2010 est.)

Tunisia total population: 75.99 years male: 74.17 years female: 77.94 years (2010 est.)

Turkey total population: 72.23 years male: 70.37 years female: 74.19 years (2010 est.)

Turkmenistan total population: 68.2 years male: 65.25 years female: 71.29 years (2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands total population: 75.64 years male: 73.32 years female: 78.07 years (2010 est.)

Tuvalu total population: 64.39 years male: 62.36 years female: 66.51 years (2010 est.)

Uganda total population: 52.98 years male: 51.92 years female: 54.07 years (2010 est.)

Ukraine total population: 68.46 years male: 62.56 years female: 74.74 years (2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates total population: 76.32 years male: 73.75 years female: 79.01 years (2010 est.)

United Kingdom total population: 79.92 years male: 77.84 years female: 82.11 years (2010 est.)

United States total population: 78.24 years male: 75.78 years female: 80.81 years (2010 est.)

Uruguay total population: 76.55 years male: 73.3 years female: 79.92 years (2010 est.)

Uzbekistan total population: 72.24 years male: 69.22 years female: 75.44 years (2010 est.)

Vanuatu total population: 64.33 years male: 62.7 years female: 66.04 years (2010 est.)

Venezuela total population: 73.77 years male: 70.69 years female: 77 years (2010 est.)

Vietnam total population: 71.94 years male: 69.48 years female: 74.69 years (2010 est.)

Virgin Islands total population: 79.19 years male: 76.14 years female: 82.41 years (2010 est.)

Wallis and Futuna total population: 78.83 years male: 75.85 years female: 81.96 years (2010 est.)

West Bank total population: 74.78 years male: 72.76 years female: 76.92 years (2010 est.)

Western Sahara total population: 60.74 years male: 58.57 years female: 62.99 years (2010 est.)

World total population: 66.12 years male: 64.29 years female: 68.07 years (2009 est.)

Yemen total population: 63.36 years male: 61.35 years female: 65.47 years (2010 est.)

Zambia total population: 52.03 years male: 50.81 years female: 53.28 years (2010 est.)

Zimbabwe total population: 47.55 years male: 47.98 years female: 47.11 years (2010 est.)

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Field Listing :: Literacy

This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current rapidly changing, technology-driven world. Country

Literacy(%)

Afghanistan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 28.1% male: 43.1% female: 12.6% (2000 est.)

Albania definition: age 9 and over can read and write total population: 98.7% male: 99.2% female: 98.3% (2001 census)

Algeria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.9% male: 79.6% female: 60.1% (2002 est.)

American Samoa definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% (1980 est.)

Andorra definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%

Angola definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.4% male: 82.9% female: 54.2% (2001 est.)

Anguilla definition: age 12 and over can read and write total population: 95% male: 95% female: 95% (1984 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 85.8% male: NA female: NA (2003 est.)

Argentina definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.2% male: 97.2% female: 97.2% (2001 census)

Armenia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.4% male: 99.7% female: 99.2% (2001 census)

Aruba definition: NA total population: 97.3% male: 97.5% female: 97.1% (2000 census)

Australia definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

Austria definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: NA female: NA

Azerbaijan definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.8% male: 99.5% female: 98.2% (1999 census)

Bahamas, The definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 94.7% female: 96.5% (2003 est.)

Bahrain definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 86.5% male: 88.6% female: 83.6% (2001 census)

Bangladesh definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47.9% male: 54% female: 41.4% (2001 Census)

Barbados definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2002 est.)

Belarus definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.6% male: 99.8% female: 99.4% (1999 census)

Belgium definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

Belize definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.9% male: 76.7% female: 77.1% (2000 census)

Benin definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 34.7% male: 47.9% female: 23.3% (2002 census)

Bermuda definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (2005 est.)