Introductory material (continued 58)

Philippines electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing

Pitcairn Islands postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey

Poland machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Portugal textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, diary products, wine and other foods, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism

Puerto Rico pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism

Qatar crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair

Romania electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining

Russia complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Rwanda cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Saint Helena construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales

Saint Kitts and Nevis tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages

Saint Lucia clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut processing

Saint Martin tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry

Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch

Samoa food processing, building materials, auto parts

San Marino tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Sao Tome and Principe light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber

Saudi Arabia crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, construction

Senegal agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining; iron ore, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair

Serbia sugar, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment

Seychelles fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages

Sierra Leone diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair

Singapore electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade

Slovakia metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Slovenia ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Solomon Islands fish (tuna), mining, timber

Somalia a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication

South Africa mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair

Spain textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment

Sri Lanka processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining

Sudan oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Suriname bauxite and gold mining, alumina production; oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing

Swaziland coal, wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles and apparel

Sweden iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Switzerland machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, and insurance

Syria petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, car assembly

Taiwan electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals

Tajikistan aluminum, zinc, lead; chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Tanzania agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

Thailand tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer

Timor-Leste printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

Togo phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Tokelau small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing

Tonga tourism, construction, fishing

Trinidad and Tobago petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles

Tunisia petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages

Turkey textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

Turkmenistan natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing

Turks and Caicos Islands tourism, offshore financial services

Tuvalu fishing, tourism, copra

Uganda sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

Ukraine coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing (especially sugar)

United Arab Emirates petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles

United Kingdom machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods

United States leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

Uruguay food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages

Uzbekistan textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals

Vanuatu food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning

Venezuela petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly

Vietnam food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper

Virgin Islands tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics

Wallis and Futuna copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber

West Bank generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers

Western Sahara phosphate mining, handicrafts

World dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating already grim environmental problems

Yemen crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial ship repair

Zambia copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture

Zimbabwe mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2091 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)

Afghanistan total: 154.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 158.88 deaths/1,000 live births female: 150.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Albania total: 19.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Algeria total: 28.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

American Samoa total: 10.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Andorra total: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Angola total: 182.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 194.38 deaths/1,000 live births female: 169.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Anguilla total: 3.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda total: 17.49 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Argentina total: 11.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.12 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Armenia total: 20.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Aruba total: 14.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Australia total: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Austria total: 4.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Azerbaijan total: 56.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 62.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bahamas, The total: 23.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.89 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bahrain total: 15.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bangladesh total: 57.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 58.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 56.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Barbados total: 11.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Belarus total: 6.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Belgium total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Belize total: 23.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Benin total: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 69.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bermuda total: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bhutan total: 51.92 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bolivia total: 49.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 52.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 45.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 9.34 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Botswana total: 44.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 44.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Brazil total: 23.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

British Virgin Islands total: 15.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.23 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Brunei total: 12.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Bulgaria total: 18.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Burkina Faso total: 86.02 deaths/1,000 live births male: 93.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 78.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Burma total: 49.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Burundi total: 60.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 67.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cambodia total: 56.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 63.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cameroon total: 64.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 69.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Canada total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cape Verde total: 42.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 48.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 36.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cayman Islands total: 7.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Central African Republic total: 82.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 88.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 75.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Chad total: 100.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 106.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 94 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Chile total: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

China total: 21.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Christmas Island total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Colombia total: 19.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Comoros total: 68.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 76.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 60.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 83.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 91.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 74.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Congo, Republic of the total: 81.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 86.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 75.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cook Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Costa Rica total: 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire total: 69.76 deaths/1,000 live births male: 77.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Croatia total: 6.49 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cuba total: 5.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Cyprus total: 6.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Czech Republic total: 3.83 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Denmark total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Djibouti total: 99.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 106.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 91.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Dominica total: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Dominican Republic total: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Ecuador total: 21.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Egypt total: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 30.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

El Salvador total: 22.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Equatorial Guinea total: 83.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 84.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Eritrea total: 44.34 deaths/1,000 live births male: 50.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Estonia total: 7.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Ethiopia total: 82.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 94.08 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

European Union total: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.23 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Faroe Islands total: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Fiji total: 11.88 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Finland total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

France total: 3.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

French Polynesia total: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Gabon total: 52.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Gambia, The total: 68.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Gaza Strip total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.22 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Georgia total: 16.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Germany total: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Ghana total: 52.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 56.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 47.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Gibraltar total: 4.91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.46 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Greece total: 5.25 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.77 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Greenland total: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Grenada total: 13.58 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guam total: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.22 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guatemala total: 28.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guernsey total: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guinea total: 67.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 71.02 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guinea-Bissau total: 101.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 111.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 91.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Guyana total: 30.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Haiti total: 62.33 deaths/1,000 live births male: 66.88 deaths/1,000 live births female: 57.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Honduras total: 24.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Hong Kong total: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Hungary total: 8.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Iceland total: 3.25 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

India total: 32.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Indonesia total: 31.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Iran total: 36.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 37.12 deaths/1,000 live births female: 36.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Iraq total: 45.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 51.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Ireland total: 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Isle of Man total: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Israel total: 4.28 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Italy total: 5.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Jamaica total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Japan total: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Jersey total: 5.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Jordan total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Kazakhstan total: 26.56 deaths/1,000 live births male: 31.03 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Kenya total: 56.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 58.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Kiribati total: 44.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 49.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Korea, North total: 21.86 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.46 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Korea, South total: 4.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Kuwait total: 9.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Kyrgyzstan total: 32.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 37.33 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Laos total: 79.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 88.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 69.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Latvia total: 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Lebanon total: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.08 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Lesotho total: 78.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 83.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 74.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Liberia total: 143.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 159.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 127.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Libya total: 21.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.14 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Liechtenstein total: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.03 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Lithuania total: 6.57 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Luxembourg total: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Macau total: 3.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Macedonia total: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.45 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Madagascar total: 55.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 60.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Malawi total: 90.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 94.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 86.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Malaysia total: 16.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Maldives total: 30.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 33.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mali total: 103.83 deaths/1,000 live births male: 113.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 93.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Malta total: 3.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Marshall Islands total: 26.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mauritania total: 66.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 69.69 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mauritius total: 12.56 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.94 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mayotte total: 57.88 deaths/1,000 live births male: 63.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mexico total: 19.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of total: 27.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Moldova total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Monaco total: 5.18 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mongolia total: 41.24 deaths/1,000 live births male: 44.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Montserrat total: 16.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Morocco total: 38.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 41.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 34.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Mozambique total: 107.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 110.67 deaths/1,000 live births female: 104.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Namibia total: 45.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 49.24 deaths/1,000 live births female: 41.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Nauru total: 9.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Nepal total: 62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 60.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Netherlands total: 4.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Netherlands Antilles total: 9.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

New Caledonia total: 7.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

New Zealand total: 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Nicaragua total: 25.91 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Niger total: 115.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 119.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 111.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Nigeria total: 95.74 deaths/1,000 live births male: 101.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 89.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Niue total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Norfolk Island total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands total: 6.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Norway total: 3.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Oman total: 17.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Pakistan total: 66.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 67.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Palau total: 13.69 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Panama total: 13.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Papua New Guinea total: 46.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 50.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Paraguay total: 25.55 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Peru total: 29.53 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.02 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Philippines total: 21.2 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Pitcairn Islands total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Poland total: 6.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Portugal total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Puerto Rico total: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Qatar total: 13.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.99 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Romania total: 23.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Russia total: 10.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Rwanda total: 83.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 88.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 78.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saint Helena total: 18.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 14.34 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saint Lucia total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 7.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 13.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Samoa total: 25.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

San Marino total: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe total: 38.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 40.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 36.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Saudi Arabia total: 11.94 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Senegal total: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 62.79 deaths/1,000 live births female: 54.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Seychelles total: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Sierra Leone total: 156.48 deaths/1,000 live births male: 173.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 138.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Singapore total: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Slovakia total: 6.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Slovenia total: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Solomon Islands total: 19.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Somalia total: 110.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 120.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 101.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

South Africa total: 45.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 49.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 40.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Spain total: 4.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Sri Lanka total: 19.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 20.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Sudan total: 86.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 87.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 86.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Suriname total: 19.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.96 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Svalbard total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Swaziland total: 69.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 72.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Sweden total: 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Switzerland total: 4.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Syria total: 26.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 27.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Taiwan total: 5.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Tajikistan total: 42.31 deaths/1,000 live births male: 47.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 37.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Tanzania total: 70.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 77.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 63.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Thailand total: 18.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Timor-Leste total: 41.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 48.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 35.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Togo total: 57.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Tokelau total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

Tonga total: 11.88 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago total: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Tunisia total: 23.43 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Turkey total: 36.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 40.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 33.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Turkmenistan total: 51.81 deaths/1,000 live births male: 56.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 47.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands total: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 16.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Tuvalu total: 18.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.56 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Uganda total: 65.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 69.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Ukraine total: 9.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

United Arab Emirates total: 13.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 15.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

United Kingdom total: 4.93 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.49 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

United States total: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.95 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Uruguay total: 11.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Uzbekistan total: 24.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Vanuatu total: 50.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Venezuela total: 22.02 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.61 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Vietnam total: 23.61 deaths/1,000 live births male: 24.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Virgin Islands total: 7.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.43 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Wallis and Futuna total: NA male: NA female: NA (2008 est.)

West Bank total: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Western Sahara total: 71.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 71.22 deaths/1,000 live births female: 71.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

World total: 42.09 deaths/1,000 live births male: 44.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 39.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Yemen total: 56.27 deaths/1,000 live births male: 60.78 deaths/1,000 live births female: 51.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Zambia total: 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Zimbabwe total: 33.86 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)

Afghanistan 13% (2007 est.)

Albania 2.9% (2007 est.)

Algeria 3.5% (2007 est.)

American Samoa NA%

Andorra 3.2% (2005)

Angola 12.2% (2007 est.)

Anguilla 5.3% (2006 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 1.5% (2007 est.)

Argentina 8.8% official rate; actual rate may be double the official rate (2007 est.)

Armenia 4.4% (2007 est.)

Aruba 3.4% (2005)

Australia 2.3% (2007 est.)

Austria 2.2% (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan 16.7% (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 2.4% (2007 est.)

Bahrain 3.3% (2007 est.)

Bangladesh 9.1% (2007 est.)

Barbados 5.5% (2007 est.)

Belarus 8.4% (2007 est.)

Belgium 1.8% (2007 est.)

Belize 2.3% (2007 est.)

Benin 1.3% (2007 est.)

Bermuda 2.8% (November 2005)

Bhutan 4.9% (2007 est.)

Bolivia 8.7% (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.6% (2007 est.)

Botswana 7.1% (2007 est.)

Brazil 3.6% (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands 2% (2005)

Brunei 0.4% (2007 est.)

Bulgaria 9.8% (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso -0.2% (2007 est.)

Burma 35% (2007 est.)

Burundi 8.3% (2007 est.)

Cambodia 5.9% (2007 est.)

Cameroon 1.1% (2007 est.)

Canada 2.1% (2007 est.)

Cape Verde 4.4% (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands 4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic 0.9% (2007 est.)

Chad 4% (2007 est.)

Chile 4.4% (2007 est.)

China 4.8% (2007 est.)

Colombia 5.5% (2007 est.)

Comoros 3% (2007 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 16.7% (2007 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 2.7% (2007 est.)

Cook Islands 2.1% (2005 est.)

Costa Rica 9.4% (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 1.9% (2007 est.)

Croatia 4.5% (2007 est.)

Cuba 3.1% (2007 est.)

Cyprus 2.4% (2007 est.)

Czech Republic 2.9% (2007 est.)

Denmark 1.7% (2007 est.)

Djibouti 5% (2007 est.)

Dominica 2.7% (2007 est.)

Dominican Republic 6.1% (2007 est.)

Ecuador 2.3% (2007 est.)

Egypt 9.5% (2007 est.)

El Salvador 4.6% (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 6% (2007 est.)

Eritrea 17% (2007 est.)

Estonia 6.6% (2007 est.)

Ethiopia 17.2% (2007 est.)

European Union 1.8% (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3.6% (1998)

Faroe Islands 1.8% (2005)

Fiji 4.8% (2007)

Finland 2.5% (2007 est.)

France 1.5% (2007 est.)

French Polynesia 1.1% (2006 est.)

Gabon 5% (2007 est.)

Gambia, The 5.1% (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip 3.6% (includes West Bank) (2006)

Georgia 9.3% (2007 est.)

Germany 2.3% (2007 est.)

Ghana 10.7% (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 2.9% (2005)

Greece 2.9% (2007 est.)

Greenland 1% (2005 est.)

Grenada 3.7% (2007 est.)

Guam 2.5% (2005 est.)

Guatemala 6.8% (2007 est.)

Guernsey 3.4% (June 2006)

Guinea 23.4% (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 3.8% (2007 est.)

Guyana 12.3% (2007 est.)

Haiti 8.5% (2007 est.)

Honduras 6.9% (2007 est.)

Hong Kong 2% (2007 est.)

Hungary 8% (2007 est.)

Iceland 5.1% (2007 est.)

India 6.4% (2007 est.)

Indonesia 6.3% (2007 est.)

Iran 17.1% (2007 est.)

Iraq 4.7% (2007 est.)

Ireland 4.9% (2007 est.)

Isle of Man 3.1% (December 2006 est.)

Israel 0.5% (2007 est.)

Italy 1.8% (2007 est.)

Jamaica 9.5% (2007 est.)

Japan 0.1% (2007 est.)

Jersey 3.7% (December 2006)

Jordan 5.4% (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan 10.8% (2007 est.)

Kenya 9.7% (2007 est.)

Kiribati 0.2% (2007 est.)

Korea, North NA%

Korea, South 2.5% (2007 est.)

Kosovo 2% (2007 est.)

Kuwait 5.5% (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 10.2% (2007 est.)

Laos 4.5% (2007 est.)

Latvia 10.1% (2007 est.)

Lebanon 4.2% (2007 est.)

Lesotho 8% (2007 est.)

Liberia 11.2% (2007 est.)

Libya 6.3% (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein 1% (2001)

Lithuania 5.7% (2007 est.)

Luxembourg 2.3% (2007 est.)

Macau 7.2% (2006)

Macedonia 2.3% (2007 est.)

Madagascar 10.3% (2007 est.)

Malawi 7.9% (2007 est.)

Malaysia 2% note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled (2007 est.)

Maldives 5% (2007 est.)

Mali 2.5% (2007 est.)

Malta 1.3% (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands 3% (2005 est.)

Mauritania 7.3% (2007 est.)

Mauritius 8.8% (2007 est.)

Mayotte 1.7% (2005)

Mexico 4% (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 2.2% (2005)

Moldova 12.3% (2007 est.)

Monaco 1.9% (2000)

Mongolia 9% (2007)

Montenegro 3.4% (2007)

Montserrat 2.6% (2002 est.)

Morocco 2% (2007 est.)

Mozambique 8.2% (2007 est.)

Namibia 6.7% (2007 est.)

Nauru -3.6% (1993)

Nepal 6.4% (2007 est.)

Netherlands 1.6% (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 2.1% (2003 est.)

New Caledonia 1.4% (2000 est.)

New Zealand 2.4% (2007 est.)

Nicaragua 11.1% (2007 est.)

Niger 0.1% (2007 est.)

Nigeria 5.4% (2007 est.)

Niue 4% (2005)

Northern Mariana Islands -0.8% (2000)

Norway 0.8% (2007 est.)

Oman 5.9% (2007 est.)

Pakistan 7.6% (2007 est.)

Palau 2.7% (2005 est.)

Panama 4.2% (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 0.9% (2007 est.)

Paraguay 8.1% (2007 est.)

Peru 1.8% (2007 est.)

Philippines 2.8% (2007 est.)

Poland 2.5% (2007 est.)

Portugal 2.4% (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico 6.5% (2003 est.)

Qatar 13.7% (2007 est.)

Romania 4.8% (2007 est.)

Russia 9% annual average note: 12% at year-end (2007 est.)

Rwanda 9.1% (2007 est.)

Saint Helena 3.2% (1997 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.5% (2007 est.)

Saint Lucia 1.9% (2007 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8.1% (2005)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1% (2007 est.)

Samoa 6% (2007 est.)

San Marino -1.5% (2006)

Sao Tome and Principe 18% (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2007 est.)

Senegal 5.9% (2007 est.)

Serbia 6.8% (2007)

Seychelles 5.3% (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone 11.7% (2007 est.)

Singapore 2.1% (2007 est.)

Slovakia 2.8% (2007 est.)

Slovenia 3.6% (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands 6.3% (2007 est.)

Somalia NA%; note - businesses print their own money, so inflation rates cannot be easily determined

South Africa 6.5% (2007 est.)

Spain 2.8% (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka 15.8% (2007 est.)

Sudan 8% (2007 est.)

Suriname 6.4% (2007 est.)

Swaziland 8.1% (2007 est.)

Sweden 2.2% (2007 est.)

Switzerland 0.7% (2007 est.)

Syria 12.2% (2007 est.)

Taiwan 1.8% (2007 est.)

Tajikistan 13.1% (2007 est.)

Tanzania 7% (2007 est.)

Thailand 2.2% (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste 7.8% (2007 est.)

Togo 1% (2007 est.)

Tokelau NA%

Tonga 5.9% (2007 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 7.9% (2007 est.)

Tunisia 3.1% (2007 est.)

Turkey 8.7% (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan 11.3% (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4% (1995)

Tuvalu 3.8% (2006 est.)

Uganda 6.1% (2007 est.)

Ukraine 12.8% (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates 14% (2007 est.)

United Kingdom 2.3% (2007 est.)

United States 2.9% (2007 est.)

Uruguay 8.1% (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 12% officially, but 38% based on analysis of consumer prices (2007 est.)

Vanuatu 3.9% (2007 est.)

Venezuela 18.7% (2007 est.)

Vietnam 8.3% (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands 2.2% (2003)

Wallis and Futuna 2.8% (2005)

West Bank 3.6% (includes Gaza Strip) (2006)

Western Sahara NA%

World developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries 5% to 20% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation in one Third World country (Zimbabwe); inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries (2005 est.)

Yemen 10% (2007 est.)

Zambia 10.6% (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe 12,563% official data; private sector estimates are much higher (2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2093 Waterways (km)

Afghanistan 1,200 km (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT) (2007)

Albania 43 km (2007)

Angola 1,300 km (2007)

Argentina 11,000 km (2006)

Australia 2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems) (2006)

Austria 358 km (2007)

Bangladesh 8,370 km note: includes up to 3,060 km main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200 km in dry season (2006)

Belarus 2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country and by shallowness) (2003)

Belgium 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2006)

Belize 825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2007)

Benin 150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2005)

Bolivia 10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2007)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited (2006)

Brazil 50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2007)

Brunei 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2007)

Bulgaria 470 km (2007)

Burma 12,800 km (2007)

Burundi mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2005)

Cambodia 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)

Cameroon navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2005)

Canada 636 km note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2007)

Central African Republic 2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and Sangha rivers) (2006)

Chad Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2006)

China 124,000 km navigable (2006)

Colombia 18,000 km (2006)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15,000 km (2005)

Congo, Republic of the 1,125 km (commercially navigable on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2006)

Costa Rica 730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2007)

Cote d'Ivoire 980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2006)

Croatia 785 km (2007)

Cuba 240 km (2007)

Czech Republic 664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2006)

Denmark 400 km (2007)

Ecuador 1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2006)

Egypt 3,500 km note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m (2006)

El Salvador Rio Lempa partially navigable for small craft (2007)

Estonia 320 km (2006)

European Union 52,332 km (2006)

Fiji 203 km note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges (2006)

Finland 7,842 km note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia (2006)

France metropolitan France: 8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons) French Guiana: 3,760 km (460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft) (2006)

Gabon 1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2007)

Gambia, The 390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2006)

Germany 7,467 km note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea (2006)

Ghana 1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)

Greece 6 km note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens sea voyage by 325 km (2007)

Guatemala 990 km note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season (2007)

Guinea 1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)

Guinea-Bissau rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior (2007)

Guyana Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2006)

Honduras 465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)

Hungary 1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2007)

India 14,500 km note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels (2006)

Indonesia 21,579 km (2007)

Iran 850 km (on Karun River; additional service on Lake Urmia) (2006)

Iraq 5,279 km note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third River (565 km) are principal waterways (2006)

Ireland 956 km (pleasure craft only) (2007)

Italy 2,400 km note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail (2006)

Japan 1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2007)

Kazakhstan 4,000 km (on the Ertis ((Irtysh)) River (80%) and Syr Darya ((Syrdariya)) River) (2006)

Kenya part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya (2006)

Kiribati 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007)

Korea, North 2,250 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)

Korea, South 1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)

Kyrgyzstan 600 km (2007)

Laos 4,600 km note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2007)

Latvia 300 km (2006)

Liechtenstein 28 km (2006)

Lithuania 441 km (2006)

Luxembourg 37 km (on Moselle River) (2007)

Madagascar 600 km (2006)

Malawi 700 km (on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River) (2007)

Malaysia 7,200 km note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km; Sabah 1,500 km; Sarawak 2,500 km (2005)

Mali 1,800 km (2007)

Mexico 2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals) (2007)

Moldova 424 km (on Dniester and Prut rivers) (2007)

Mongolia 580 km note: only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May to September (2004)

Mozambique 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2007)

Netherlands 6,211 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2006)

Nicaragua 2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (2007)

Niger 300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2005)

Nigeria 8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2007)

Norway 1,577 km (2007)

Panama 800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2007)

Papua New Guinea 11,000 km (2006)

Paraguay 3,100 km (2007)

Peru 8,808 km note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2007)

Philippines 3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m) (2007)

Poland 3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2006)

Portugal 210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2006)

Romania 1,731 km note: includes 1,075 km on Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals (2006)

Russia 102,000 km (including 33,000 km with guaranteed depth) note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2006)

Rwanda Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft (2006)

Senegal 1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2005)

Serbia 587 km (primarily on Danube and Sava rivers) (2005)

Sierra Leone 800 km (600 km year round) (2005)

Slovakia 172 km (on Danube River) (2005)

Spain 1,000 km (2003)

Sri Lanka 160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2006)

Sudan 4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2006)

Suriname 1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m) (2005)

Sweden 2,052 km (2005)

Switzerland 65 km (Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee) (2003)

Syria 900 km (not economically significant) (2005)

Tajikistan 200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)

Tanzania Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable (2005)

Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2005)

Togo 50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)

Turkey 1,200 km (2005)

Turkmenistan 1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland waterways) (2006)

Uganda on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile (2005)

Ukraine 2,253 km (most on Dnieper River) (2006)

United Kingdom 3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003)

United States 41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce) note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2007)

Uruguay 1,600 km (2005)

Uzbekistan 1,100 km (2006)

Venezuela 7,100 km note: Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing vessels (2005)

Vietnam 17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft) (2005)

World 671,886 km (2004)

Zambia 2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2005)

Zimbabwe on Lake Kariba (2005)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Albania Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals and district courts

Algeria Supreme Court

American Samoa High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are appointed by the president)

Anguilla High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)

Antigua and Barbuda Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member Caribbean Court of Justice

Argentina Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate) note: the Supreme Court currently has two unfilled vacancies, and the Argentine Congress is considering a bill to reduce the number of Supreme Court judges to five

Armenia Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the monarch)

Australia High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)

Austria Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan Supreme Court

Bahamas, The Privy Council in London; Courts of Appeal; Supreme (lower) Court; Magistrates' Courts

Bahrain High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president)

Barbados Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services); Caribbean Court of Justice is the highest court of appeal

Belarus Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice Council)

Belize Supreme Court of Judicature (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Benin Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch); note - the draft constitution establishes a Supreme Court, which will serve as chief court of appeal

Bolivia Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases); Constitutional Tribunal (five primary or titulares and five alternate or suplente magistrates appointed by Congress; to rule on constitutional issues); National Electoral Court (six members elected by Congress, Supreme Court, the President, and the political party with the highest vote in the last election for 4-year terms)

Bosnia and Herzegovina BH Constitutional Court (consists of nine members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of the European Court of Human Rights); BH State Court (consists of nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities); a War Crimes Chamber opened in March 2005 note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts

Botswana High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)

Brazil Supreme Federal Tribunal or STF (11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life); note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70

British Virgin Islands Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Brunei Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Sharia courts deal with Islamic laws (2006)

Bulgaria Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation; Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members; responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive

Burundi Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; High Court of Justice (composed of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court)

Cambodia Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)

Canada Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal

Central African Republic Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Chile Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected every three years by the 20-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

China Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National People's Congress); Local People's Courts (comprise higher, intermediate, and basic courts); Special People's Courts (primarily military, maritime, railway transportation, and forestry courts)

Christmas Island Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)

Comoros Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Constitutional Court; Appeals Court or Cour de Cassation; Council of State; High Military Court; plus civil and military courts and tribunals

Congo, Republic of the Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands High Court

Costa Rica Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected for renewable eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members

Croatia Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Cuba People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)

Cyprus Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president and vice president) note: there is also a Supreme Court in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots

Czech Republic Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the National Judicial Council comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and an additional non-governing party congressional representative)

Ecuador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire court via a simple-majority resolution)

Egypt Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (15 judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly; the 15 judges are assigned to four Supreme Court chambers - constitutional, civil, penal, and administrative conflict)

Equatorial Guinea Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also have military and special courts

Estonia National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)

European Union Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures that the treaties are interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU; resolve constitutional issues among the EU institutions) - 27 justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term; note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 13 justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 27 justices appointed for a six-year term

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands none

Fiji Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)

France Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Polynesia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The Supreme Court

Georgia Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the president's or chairman of the Supreme Court's recommendation); Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts

Germany Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)

Ghana Supreme Court

Gibraltar Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council

Greenland High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)

Grenada Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of a court of Appeal and a High Court of Justice (a High Court judge is assigned to and resides in Grenada)

Guam Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president); Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor)

Guatemala Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad is Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)

Guernsey Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)

Guinea Court of First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Guinea-Bissau Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at more than $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases valued at less than $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana Supreme Court of Judicature, consisting of the High Court and the Judicial Court of Appeal, with right of final appeal to the Caribbean Court of Justice

Haiti Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City) there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Hungary Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")

Indonesia Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates selected by the legislature); a separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006

Iran The Supreme Court (Qeveh Qazaieh) and the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping responsibilities; together they supervise the enforcement of all laws and establish judicial and legal policies; lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court

Iraq the Iraq Constitution calls for the federal judicial power to be comprised of the Higher Juridical Council, Federal Supreme Court, Federal Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary Oversight Commission and other federal courts that are regulated in accordance with the law

Ireland Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Isle of Man High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)

Israel Supreme Court (justices appointed by Judicial Selection Committee - made up of all three branches of the government; mandatory retirement age is 70)

Italy Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts)

Jamaica Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)

Jersey Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)

Jordan Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7 members)

Kenya Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court

Kiribati Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)

Korea, South Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president with consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices appointed by the president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)

Kosovo Supreme Court judges are appointed by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG); district courts judges are appointed by the SRSG; municipal courts judges are appointed by the SRSG note: after the termination of UNMIK's mandate, the Kosovo Judicial Council (KJC) will propose to the president candidates for appointment or reappointment as judges and prosecutors; the KJC is also responsible for decisions on the promotion and transfer of judges and disciplinary proceedings against judges; at least 15% of Supreme Court and district court judges shall be from nonmajority communities

Kuwait High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (judges of both the Supreme and Constitutional Courts are appointed for 10-year terms by the Jorgorku Kengesh on the recommendation of the president; their mandatory retirement age is 70 years); Higher Court of Arbitration; Local Courts (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council on Legal Affairs for a probationary period of five years, then 10 years)

Laos People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament); Constitutional Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament)

Lebanon four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed)

Lesotho High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional court

Liberia Supreme Court

Libya Supreme Court

Liechtenstein Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht

Lithuania Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the president

Luxembourg judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region

Macedonia Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges

Madagascar Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia Civil Courts include Federal Court, Court of Appeal, High Court of Malaya on peninsula Malaysia, and High Court of Sabah and Sarawak in states of Borneo (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister); Sharia Courts include Sharia Appeal Court, Sharia High Court, and Sharia Subordinate Courts at state-level and deal with religious and family matters such as custody, divorce, and inheritance, only for Muslims; decisions of Sharia courts cannot be appealed to civil courts

Maldives Supreme Court; Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President with approval of voting members of the People's Council; High Court; Trial Courts; all lower court judges are appointed by the Judicial Service Commission

Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court

Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts

Mauritius Supreme Court

Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court

Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)

Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)

Montenegro Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)

Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)

Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru Supreme Court

Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)

Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - judges appointed by the Governor-General

Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court

Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)

Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and Sharia law

Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court

Palau Supreme Court; Court of Common Pleas; Land Court

Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)

Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Pitcairn Islands Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor

Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)

Qatar Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in 2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council for renewable three-year terms

Romania Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies

Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees

Saint Helena Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts and Nevis)

Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court

San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals

Serbia Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (to become court of cassation under new constitution), appellate courts, district courts, municipal courts

Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)

Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands Court of Appeal

Somalia following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Sharia (Islamic) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences

South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sudan Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary

Suriname Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland High Court; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch

Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)

Syria Supreme Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the president); national level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year terms by the President); Court of Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts represent an intermediate level between the Court of Cassation and local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized courts - Economic Security Courts (hear cases related to economic crimes); Supreme State Security Court (hear cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce)

Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

Thailand Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Timor-Leste Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court

Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)

Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Caribbean Court of Appeals member; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London

Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court

Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

United Kingdom House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate; appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)

Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)

Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu; a court of appeal is located in Noumea, New Caledonia

Yemen Supreme Court

Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan 15 million (2004 est.)

Albania 1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (September 2006 est.)

Algeria 9.38 million (2007 est.)

American Samoa 17,630 (2005)

Andorra 42,420 (2005)

Angola 7.148 million (2007 est.)

Anguilla 6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda 30,000 (1991)

Argentina 16.03 million note: urban areas only (2007 est.)

Armenia 1.2 million (2007 est.)

Aruba 41,500 (2004 est.)

Australia 10.95 million (2007 est.)

Austria 3.566 million (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan 5.243 million (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The 181,900 (2006)

Bahrain 437,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2007 est.)

Bangladesh 69.4 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $4.8 billion in 2005-06. (2007 est.)

Barbados 128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus 4.3 million (31 December 2005)

Belgium 4.94 million (2007 est.)

Belize 113,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2006 est.)

Benin 5.38 million (2007 est.)

Bermuda 38,360 (2004)

Bhutan NA note: major shortage of skilled labor

Bolivia 4.377 million (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.026 million (2001)

Botswana 288,400 formal sector employees (2004)

Brazil 99.23 million (2007 est.)

British Virgin Islands 12,770 (2004)

Brunei 180,400 (2006 est.)

Bulgaria 2.593 million (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso 5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)

Burma 29.26 million (2007 est.)

Burundi 2.99 million (2002)

Cambodia 7 million (2003 est.)

Cameroon 6.674 million (2007 est.)

Canada 17.95 million (2007 est.)

Cape Verde 120,600 (1990)

Cayman Islands 23,450 (2004)

Central African Republic 1.857 million (2006)

Chad 3.747 million (2006)

Chile 7.167 million (2007 est.)

China 800.7 million (2007 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia 20.5 million (2007 est.)

Comoros 144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 15 million (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the NA

Cook Islands 6,820 (2001)

Costa Rica 1.92 million note: this official estimate excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 6.907 million (68% agricultural) (2007 est.)

Croatia 1.749 million (2007 est.)

Cuba 4.956 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2007 est.)

Cyprus 393,000 (2007 est.)

Czech Republic 5.36 million (2007 est.)

Denmark 2.86 million (2007 est.)

Djibouti 282,000 (2000)

Dominica 25,000 (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic 4.027 million (2007 est.)

Ecuador 4.51 million (urban) (2007 est.)

Egypt 22.1 million (2007 est.)

El Salvador 2.913 million (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea NA

Eritrea NA

Estonia 687,000 (2007 est.)

Ethiopia 27.27 million (1999)

European Union 222.7 million (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,724 (est.) (1996)

Faroe Islands 24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji 117,500 (2006 est.)

Finland 2.675 million (2007 est.)

France 27.91 million (2007 est.)

French Polynesia 65,930 (December 2005)

Gabon 582,000 (2007 est.)

Gambia, The 400,000 (1996)

Gaza Strip 267,000 (2006)

Georgia 2.02 million (2007 est.)

Germany 43.54 million (2007 est.)

Ghana 11.29 million (2007 est.)

Gibraltar 12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)

Greece 4.92 million (2007 est.)

Greenland 32,120 (2004)

Grenada 42,300 (1996)

Guam 62,050 (2002 est.)

Guatemala 3.958 million (2007 est.)

Guernsey 31,470 (March 2006)

Guinea 3.7 million (2006 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 480,000 (1999)

Guyana 418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti 3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA

Honduras 2.779 million (2007 est.)

Hong Kong 3.64 million (2007 est.)

Hungary 4.19 million (2007 est.)

Iceland 181,000 (2007 est.)

India 516.4 million (2007 est.)

Indonesia 109.9 million (2007 est.)

Iran 28.7 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2006 est.)

Iraq 7.4 million (2004 est.)

Ireland 2.217 million (2007 est.)

Isle of Man 39,690 (2001)

Israel 2.894 million (2007 est.)

Italy 24.74 million (2007 est.)

Jamaica 1.255 million (2007 est.)

Japan 66.69 million (2007 est.)

Jersey 53,560 (June 2006)

Jordan 1.563 million (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan 8.229 million (2007 est.)

Kenya 11.85 million (2005 est.)

Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.)

Korea, North 20 million note: estimates vary widely (2004 est.)

Korea, South 24.22 million (2007 est.)

Kosovo 832,000 (June 2007 est.)

Kuwait 2.093 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 2.7 million (2000)

Laos 2.1 million (2006 est.)

Latvia 1.167 million (2007 est.)

Lebanon 1.5 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2005 est.)

Lesotho 838,000 (2000 est.)

Libya 1.83 million (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein 29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)

Lithuania 1.603 million (2007 est.)

Luxembourg 205,000 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2007 est.)

Macau 275,000 (2006)

Macedonia 890,000 (2007 est.)

Madagascar 7.3 million (2000)

Malawi 4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia 10.94 million (2007 est.)

Maldives 101,300 (2004)

Mali 5.4 million (2007 est.)

Malta 166,000 (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands 14,680 (2000)

Mauritania 786,000 (2001)

Mauritius 574,000 (2007 est.)

Mayotte 44,560 (2002)

Mexico 44.71 million (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 37,410 (2000)

Moldova 1.333 million (2007 est.)

Monaco 44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)

Mongolia 1.042 million (2006)

Montenegro 259,100 (2004)

Montserrat 4,521 note: lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)

Morocco 11.39 million (2007 est.)

Mozambique 9.6 million (2007 est.)

Namibia 660,000 (2007 est.)

Nepal 11.11 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (2006 est.)

Netherlands 7.604 million (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 83,600 (2005)

New Caledonia 78,990 (2004)

New Zealand 2.236 million (2007 est.)

Nicaragua 2.262 million (2007 est.)

Niger 70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the public sector (1995)

Nigeria 50.13 million (2007 est.)

Niue 663 (2001)

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands 44,470 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (2000)

Norway 2.507 million (2007 est.)

Oman 920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan 48.23 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2007 est.)

Palau 9,777 (2005)

Panama 1.362 million note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea 3.557 million (2007 est.)

Paraguay 2.787 million (2007 est.)

Peru 9.839 million (2007 est.)

Philippines 36.22 million (2007 est.)

Pitcairn Islands 15 able-bodied men (2004)

Poland 16.86 million (2007 est.)

Portugal 5.618 million (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico 1.3 million (2000)

Qatar 881,000 (2007 est.)

Romania 9.3 million (2007 est.)

Russia 75.1 million (2007 est.)

Rwanda 4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena 2,486 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,170 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia 43,800 (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,450 (2005)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 41,680 (1991 est.)

Samoa 90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino 20,470 (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe 35,050 (1991)

Saudi Arabia 6.563 million note: about one-third of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2007 est.)

Senegal 4.85 million (2007 est.)

Serbia 2.961 million (2002 est.)

Seychelles 39,560 (2006)

Sierra Leone 1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore 2.751 million (2007 est.)

Slovakia 2.654 million (2007 est.)

Slovenia 925,000 (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands 249,200 (1999)

Somalia 3.7 million (few skilled laborers) (1975)

South Africa 20.49 million economically active (2007 est.)

Spain 22.19 million (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka 7.489 million (2007 est.)

Sudan 7.415 million (1996 est.)

Suriname 156,700 (2004)

Svalbard NA

Swaziland 300,000 (2006)

Sweden 4.839 million (2007 est.)

Switzerland 3.954 million (2007 est.)

Syria 5.462 million (2007 est.)

Taiwan 10.71 million (2007 est.)

Tajikistan 2.1 million (2007)

Tanzania 20.04 million (2007 est.)

Thailand 36.9 million (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste NA

Togo 1.302 million (1998)

Tokelau 440 (2001)

Tonga 33,910 (2003)

Trinidad and Tobago 622,000 (2007 est.)

Tunisia 3.593 million (2007 est.)

Turkey 23.53 million note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan 2.089 million (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu 3,615 (2004 est.)

Uganda 14.02 million (2007 est.)

Ukraine 21.58 million (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates 3.065 million (2007 est.)

United Kingdom 30.89 million (2007 est.)

United States 153.1 million (includes unemployed) (2007 est.)

Uruguay 1.631 million (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan 14.6 million (2007 est.)

Vanuatu 76,410 (1999)

Venezuela 12.37 million (2007 est.)

Vietnam 46.42 million (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands 43,980 (2004 est.)

Wallis and Futuna 3,104 (2003)

West Bank 605,000 (2006)

Western Sahara 12,000 (2005 est.)

World 3.131 billion (2007 est.)

Yemen 6.305 million (2007 est.)

Zambia 4.989 million (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe 4.032 million (2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Akrotiri total: 47.4 km border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km

Albania total: 717 km border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Montenegro 172 km, Kosovo 112 km

Algeria total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa 0 km

Andorra total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla 0 km

Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on Disputes - international

Antigua and Barbuda 0 km

Argentina total: 9,861 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,261 km, Chile 5,308 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 580 km

Armenia total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba 0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 km

Australia 0 km

Austria total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan total: 2,013 km border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The 0 km

Bahrain 0 km

Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados 0 km

Belarus total: 3,306 km border countries: Latvia 171 km, Lithuania 680 km, Poland 605 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km

Belize total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

Bermuda 0 km

Bhutan total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia total: 6,940 km border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,423 km, Chile 860 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 1,075 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,538 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Montenegro 249 km, Serbia 357 km

Botswana total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

Bouvet Island 0 km

Brazil total: 16,885 km border countries: Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory 0 km

British Virgin Islands 0 km

Brunei total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde 0 km

Cayman Islands 0 km

Central African Republic total: 5,203 km border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km

Chad total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile total: 6,339 km border countries: Argentina 5,308 km, Bolivia 860 km, Peru 171 km

China total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km

Christmas Island 0 km

Clipperton Island 0 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 km

Colombia total: 6,309 km border countries: Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros 0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km

Cook Islands 0 km

Coral Sea Islands 0 km

Costa Rica total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km