Introductory material (continued 51)

Panama no regular military forces; Panamanian Public Forces or PPF includes the Panamanian National Police (PNP), National Maritime Service (NMS), and National Air Service (NAS) (2008)

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element) (2008)

Paraguay Army, National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Naval Aviation, Marine Corps, General Naval Prefecture), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Paraguay, FAP) (2008)

Peru Army of Peru (Ejercito Peruano), Navy of Peru (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP (includes naval air, naval infantry, and Coast Guard)), Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2008)

Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2008)

Poland Polish Armed Forces: Land Forces (includes Navy (Marynarka Wojenna, MW)), Polish Air Force (Sily Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SPRP) (2008)

Portugal Portuguese Army (Exercito Portugues), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2008)

Puerto Rico no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force

Qatar Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF) (2007)

Romania Land Forces, Naval Forces, Romanian Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR), Special Operations (2008)

Russia Ground Forces (SV), Navy (VMF), Air Forces (Voyenno-Vozdushniye Sily, VVS); Airborne Troops (VDV), Strategic Rocket Troops (Raketnyye Voyska Strategicheskogo Naznacheniya, RVSN), and Space Troops (KV) are independent "combat arms," not subordinate to any of the three branches; Russian Ground Forces include the following combat arms: motorized-rifle troops, tank troops, missile and artillery troops, air defense of ground troops (2008)

Rwanda Rwandan Defense Forces: Army, Air Force

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force

Saint Lucia no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard) (2007)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force, Coast Guard (2007)

Samoa no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (2008)

San Marino no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard (2007)

Saudi Arabia Land Forces (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces (paramilitary)

Senegal Army, Senegalese Navy (Marine Senegalaise), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2008)

Serbia Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Land Forces Command (includes Riverine Component, consisting of a river flotilla on the Danube), Joint Operations Command, Air and Air Defense Forces Command (2008)

Seychelles Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Naval Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)

Sierra Leone Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Navy (Maritime Wing), Air Wing) (2008)

Singapore Singapore Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (includes Air Defense) (2008)

Slovakia Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Land Forces (Pozemne Sily), Air Forces (Vzdusne Sily) (2008)

Slovenia Slovenian Army (includes air and naval forces)

Solomon Islands no regular military forces; Solomon Islands Police Force (2008)

Somalia no national-level armed forces (2008)

South Africa South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army, South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), Joint Operations Command, Military Intelligence, Military Health Services (2008)

Spain Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE; includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA) (2007)

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Army, Sri Lanka Navy, Sri Lanka Air Force (2008)

Sudan Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Forces; Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA): Land Forces (2008)

Suriname National Army (Nationaal Leger, NL; includes Naval Wing, Air Wing) (2007)

Svalbard no regular military forces

Swaziland Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes air wing) (2008)

Sweden Swedish Armed Forces (Forsvarsmakten): Army (Armen), Royal Swedish Navy (Marinen), Swedish Air Force (Svenska Flygvapnet) (2008)

Switzerland Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2007)

Syria Syrian Armed Forces: Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air and Air Defense Forces (includes Air Defense Command) (2008)

Taiwan Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force, Coast Guard Administration, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces Command, Armed Forces Police Command

Tajikistan Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Force (2008)

Tanzania Tanzanian People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)

Thailand Royal Thai Army (RTA), Royal Thai Navy (RTN, includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force (Knogtap Agard Thai, RTAF) (2008)

Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, Falintil (FDTL)): Army, Navy (Armada) (2008)

Togo Togolese Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Togolese Navy (Marine du Togo), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, FAT), National Gendarmerie (2008)

Tonga Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008)

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, Coast Guard, Air Guard (2008)

Tunisia Army, Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'tunisia) (2008)

Turkey Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri, TKK), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri, TDK; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Force (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri, THK) (2008)

Turkmenistan Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (2007)

Tuvalu no regular military forces; Tuvalu Police Force (2008)

Uganda Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF): Army (includes Marine Unit), Air Force (2007)

Ukraine Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (Viyskovo-Povitryani Syly), Air Defense Forces (2002)

United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force and Air Defense, National Coast Guard (2008)

United Kingdom Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force

United States US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2008)

Uruguay Uruguayan Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito), Navy (Armada Nacional; includes naval air arm, Marines, Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya, FAU) (2008)

Uzbekistan Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard

Vanuatu no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF), Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF; includes Police Maritime Wing (PMW)) (2008)

Venezuela National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacionale, FAN): Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada; includes Marines, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional)

Vietnam People's Armed Forces: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (includes People's Navy Command (with naval infantry, coast guard), Air and Air Defense Force (Kon Quan Nhan Dan), Border Defense Command), People's Public Security Forces, Militia Force, Self-Defense Forces (2005)

Yemen Army (includes Republican Guard), Navy (includes Marines), Yemen Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Jamahiriya al Yemeniya; includes Air Defense Force) (2008)

Zambia Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambian Army, Zambian Air Force, National Service (2008)

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2008)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

======================================================================

@2056 Budget

Afghanistan revenues: $715 million expenditures: $2.6 billion note: Afghanistan has also received $273 million from the Reconstruction Trust Fund and $63 million from the Law and Order Trust Fund (2007 est.)

Albania revenues: $2.782 billion expenditures: $3.155 billion (2007 est.)

Algeria revenues: $57.03 billion expenditures: $40.53 billion (2007 est.)

American Samoa revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants) expenditures: $127 million (FY96/97)

Andorra revenues: $333.5 million expenditures: $386.6 million (2005)

Angola revenues: $20.18 billion expenditures: $15.53 billion (2007 est.)

Anguilla revenues: $22.8 million expenditures: $22.5 million (2000 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda revenues: $123.7 million expenditures: $145.9 million (2000 est.)

Argentina revenues: $48.99 billion expenditures: $61.23 billion (2007 est.)

Armenia revenues: $1.666 billion expenditures: $1.735 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Aruba revenues: $507.9 million expenditures: $577.9 million (2005 est.)

Australia revenues: $321.9 billion expenditures: $315.8 billion (2007 est.)

Austria revenues: $177.5 billion expenditures: $179.9 billion (2007 est.)

Azerbaijan revenues: $6.755 billion expenditures: $8.572 billion (2007 est.)

Bahamas, The revenues: $1.03 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion (FY04/05)

Bahrain revenues: $5.418 billion expenditures: $4.968 billion (2007 est.)

Bangladesh revenues: $7.01 billion expenditures: $9.464 billion (2007 est.)

Barbados revenues: $847 million (including grants) expenditures: $886 million (2000 est.)

Belarus revenues: $20.75 billion expenditures: $20.87 billion (2007 est.)

Belgium revenues: $220.1 billion expenditures: $221 billion (2007 est.)

Belize revenues: $307 million expenditures: $344 million (2007 est.)

Benin revenues: $959.2 million expenditures: $1.211 billion (2007 est.)

Bermuda revenues: $738 million expenditures: $665 million (FY04/05)

Bhutan revenues: $272 million expenditures: $350 million note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures (2005)

Bolivia revenues: $5.723 billion expenditures: $5.495 billion (2007 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina revenues: $7.094 billion expenditures: $7.137 billion (2007 est.)

Botswana revenues: $4.741 billion expenditures: $3.816 billion (2007 est.)

Brazil revenues: $244 billion expenditures: $219.9 billion (FY07)

British Virgin Islands revenues: $204.7 million expenditures: $180.4 million (2004)

Brunei revenues: $3.765 billion expenditures: $4.815 billion (2004 est.)

Bulgaria revenues: $16.84 billion expenditures: $15.35 billion (2007 est.)

Burkina Faso revenues: $1.415 billion expenditures: $1.847 billion (2007 est.)

Burma revenues: NA expenditures: NA (2007 est.)

Burundi revenues: $264.2 million expenditures: $335.4 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Cambodia revenues: $1.015 billion expenditures: $1.168 billion (2007 est.)

Cameroon revenues: $4.179 billion expenditures: $3.297 billion (2007 est.)

Canada revenues: $569.3 billion expenditures: $556.2 billion (2007 est.)

Cape Verde revenues: $436.1 million expenditures: $449.7 million (2007 est.)

Cayman Islands revenues: $423.8 million expenditures: $392.6 million (2004)

Central African Republic revenues: $250 million expenditures: $273 million (2007 est.)

Chad revenues: $1.864 billion expenditures: $1.749 billion (2007 est.)

Chile revenues: $44.96 billion expenditures: $30.51 billion (2007 est.)

China revenues: $674.3 billion expenditures: $651.6 billion (2007 est.)

Christmas Island revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

Colombia revenues: $63.69 billion expenditures: $64.96 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Comoros revenues: $27.6 million expenditures: $NA (2001 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the revenues: $700 million expenditures: $2 billion (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the revenues: $3.295 billion expenditures: $2.444 billion (2007 est.)

Cook Islands revenues: $70.95 million expenditures: $69.05 million (FY05/06)

Costa Rica revenues: $3.976 billion expenditures: $3.808 billion (2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire revenues: $3.884 billion expenditures: $4.106 billion (2007 est.)

Croatia revenues: $22.56 billion expenditures: $23.92 billion (2007 est.)

Cuba revenues: $41.84 billion expenditures: $43.9 billion (2007 est.)

Cyprus revenues:: $9.996 billion expenditures:: $9.304 billion (2007 est.)

Czech Republic revenues: $72.1 billion expenditures: $74.98 billion (2007 est.)

Denmark revenues: $170.6 billion expenditures: $156.8 billion (2007 est.)

Djibouti revenues: $135 million expenditures: $182 million (1999 est.)

Dominica revenues: $73.9 million expenditures: $84.4 million (2001)

Dominican Republic revenues: $7.423 billion expenditures: $7.259 billion (2007 est.)

Ecuador revenues: $13.46 billion expenditures: planned $11.96 billion (2007 est.)

Egypt revenues: $35.05 billion expenditures: $44.83 billion (2007 est.)

El Salvador revenues: $3.659 billion expenditures: $3.709 billion (2007 est.)

Equatorial Guinea revenues: $4.963 billion expenditures: $2.494 billion (2007 est.)

Eritrea revenues: $234.6 million expenditures: $471.4 million (2007 est.)

Estonia revenues: $7.854 billion expenditures: $7.171 billion (2007 est.)

Ethiopia revenues: $3.231 billion expenditures: $3.785 billion (2007 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million (FY98/99 est.)

Faroe Islands revenues: $588 million expenditures: $623 million (2005)

Fiji revenues: $1.363 billion expenditures: $1.376 billion (2006)

Finland revenues: $62.02 billion expenditures: $58.16 billion (2007)

France revenues: $1.287 trillion expenditures: $1.356 trillion (2007 est.)

French Polynesia revenues: $865 million expenditures: $644.1 million (1999)

Gabon revenues: $3.536 billion expenditures: $2.347 billion (2007 est.)

Gambia, The revenues: $181.1 million expenditures: $163.4 million (2007 est.)

Gaza Strip revenues: $1.149 billion expenditures: $2.31 billion note: includes West Bank (2006)

Georgia revenues: $3.68 billion expenditures: $3.08 billion (2007 est.)

Germany revenues: $1.454 trillion expenditures: $1.453 trillion (2007 est.)

Ghana revenues: $4.262 billion expenditures: $5.481 billion (2007 est.)

Gibraltar revenues: $455.1 million expenditures: $423.6 million (2005 est.)

Greece revenues: $115.2 billion expenditures: $124.1 billion (2007 est.)

Greenland revenues: $1.36 billion expenditures: $1.27 billion (2005)

Grenada revenues: $85.8 million expenditures: $102.1 million (1997)

Guam revenues: $319.6 million expenditures: $427.8 million (2002 est.)

Guatemala revenues: $4.38 billion expenditures: $4.872 billion (2007 est.)

Guernsey revenues: $563.6 million expenditures: $530.9 million (2005)

Guinea revenues: $347.1 million expenditures: $742.7 million (2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

Guyana revenues: $446.2 million expenditures: $531.2 million (2007 est.)

Haiti revenues: $815.9 million expenditures: $802.2 million (2007 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) revenues: $310 million expenditures: $307 million (2006)

Honduras revenues: $2.344 billion expenditures: $2.631 billion; including capital expenditures of $106 million (2007 est.)

Hong Kong revenues: $36.9 billion expenditures: $29.4 billion (FY07-08 est.)

Hungary revenues: $64 billion expenditures: $71.87 billion (2007 est.)

Iceland revenues: $9.64 billion expenditures: $8.602 billion (2007 est.)

India revenues: $141.2 billion expenditures: $172.6 billion (2007 est.)

Indonesia revenues: $79.56 billion expenditures: $84.87 billion (2007 est.)

Iran revenues: $104 billion expenditures: $101 billion (2008 est.)

Iraq revenues: $42.3 billion expenditures: $48.4 billion (FY08 est.)

Ireland revenues: $93.22 billion expenditures: $92.46 billion (2007 est.)

Isle of Man revenues: $965 million expenditures: $943 million (FY05/06 est.)

Israel revenues: $53.6 billion expenditures: $53.63 billion (2007 est.)

Italy revenues: $991.2 billion expenditures: $1.031 trillion (2007 est.)

Jamaica revenues: $3.716 billion expenditures: $4.261 billion (2007 est.)

Japan revenues: $1.462 trillion expenditures: $1.567 trillion (2007 est.)

Jersey revenues: $829 million expenditures: $851 million (2005)

Jordan revenues: $5.117 billion expenditures: $6.468 billion (2007 est.)

Kazakhstan revenues: $23.58 billion expenditures: $25.33 billion (2007 est.)

Kenya revenues: $5.924 billion expenditures: $6.878 billion (2007 est.)

Kiribati revenues: $55.52 million expenditures: $59.71 million (FY05)

Korea, North revenues: $2.88 billion $NA expenditures: $2.98 billion $NA

Korea, South revenues: $262.2 billion expenditures: $225.8 billion (2007 est.)

Kosovo revenues: $1.364 billion expenditures: $1.008 billion (2007 est.)

Kuwait revenues: $85.28 billion expenditures: $37.77 billion (2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan revenues: $964.6 million expenditures: $961.1 million (2007 est.)

Laos revenues: $473.1 million expenditures: $647.2 million (2007 est.)

Latvia revenues: $10.47 billion expenditures: $10.29 billion (2007 est.)

Lebanon revenues: $6.178 billion expenditures: $8.35 billion (2007 est.)

Lesotho revenues: $779.9 million expenditures: $696.9 million (2007 est.)

Liberia revenues: NA expenditures: NA

Libya revenues: $39.88 billion expenditures: $19.48 billion (2007 est.)

Liechtenstein revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million (1998 est.)

Lithuania revenues: $13.28 billion expenditures: $13.75 billion (2007 est.)

Luxembourg revenues: $19.78 billion expenditures: $18.9 billion (2007 est.)

Macau revenues: $4.6 billion expenditures: $3.4 billion (2006)

Macedonia revenues: $2.508 billion expenditures: $2.487 billion (2007 est.)

Madagascar revenues: $1.319 billion expenditures: $1.629 billion (2007 est.)

Malawi revenues: $1.128 billion expenditures: $1.185 billion (2007 est.)

Malaysia revenues: $40.69 billion expenditures: $46.7 billion (2007 est.)

Maldives revenues: $508 million (including foreign grants) expenditures: $671 million (2006 est.)

Mali revenues: $1.5 billion expenditures: $1.8 billion (2006 est.)

Malta revenues: $3.485 billion expenditures: $3.554 billion (2007 est.)

Marshall Islands revenues: $42 million expenditures: $40 million (1999)

Mauritania revenues: $421 million expenditures: $378 million (2002 est.)

Mauritius revenues: $1.344 billion expenditures: $1.773 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Mayotte revenues: $420 million expenditures: $394 million (2005)

Mexico revenues: $227.5 billion expenditures: $227.2 billion (2007 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of revenues: $127.3 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $144.2 million (FY05 est.)

Moldova revenues: $1.83 billion expenditures: $1.841 billion (2007 est.)

Monaco revenues: $863 million expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.)

Mongolia revenues: $1.58 billion expenditures: $1.497 billion (2007)

Montenegro revenues: NA expenditures: NA

Montserrat revenues: $31.4 million expenditures: $31.6 million (1997 est.)

Morocco revenues: $20.49 billion expenditures: $21.85 billion (2007 est.)

Mozambique revenues: $2.302 billion expenditures: $2.63 billion (2007 est.)

Namibia revenues: $2.765 billion expenditures: $2.515 billion (2007 est.)

Nauru revenues: $13.5 million expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)

Nepal revenues: $1.153 billion expenditures: $1.927 billion (FY06/07)

Netherlands revenues: $359.5 billion expenditures: $356.5 billion (2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles revenues: $757.9 million expenditures: $949.5 million (2004)

New Caledonia revenues: $996 million expenditures: $1.072 billion (2001 est.)

New Zealand revenues: $58.31 billion expenditures: $53.5 billion (2007 est.)

Nicaragua revenues: $1.115 billion expenditures: $1.291 billion (2007 est.)

Niger revenues: $320 million (includes $134 million from foreign sources) expenditures: $320 million (2002 est.)

Nigeria revenues: $19.43 billion expenditures: $20.36 billion (2007 est.)

Niue revenues: $15.07 million expenditures: $16.33 million (FY0405)

Norfolk Island revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00)

Northern Mariana Islands revenues: $193 million expenditures: $223 million (FY01/02 est.)

Norway revenues: $226.3 billion expenditures: $158.7 billion (2007 est.)

Oman revenues: $14.02 billion expenditures: $13.68 billion (2007 est.)

Pakistan revenues: $18.25 billion expenditures: $24.69 billion (2007 est.)

Palau revenues: $72.07 million expenditures: $72.43 million (FY04/05 est.)

Panama revenues: $5.505 billion expenditures: $4.822 billion (2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea revenues: $2.363 billion expenditures: $2.21 billion (2007 est.)

Paraguay revenues: $2.159 billion expenditures: $2.042 billion (2007 est.)

Peru revenues: $32.54 billion expenditures: $29.15 billion (2007 est.)

Philippines revenues: $24.63 billion expenditures: $24.9 billion (2007 est.)

Pitcairn Islands revenues: $746,000 expenditures: $1.028 million (FY04/05)

Poland revenues: $85.39 billion expenditures: $91.16 billion (2007 est.)

Portugal revenues: $96.01 billion expenditures: $101.9 billion (2007 est.)

Puerto Rico revenues: $6.7 billion expenditures: $9.6 billion (FY99/00)

Qatar revenues: $27.12 billion expenditures: $22.55 billion (2007 est.)

Romania revenues: $52.13 billion expenditures: $56.01 billion (2007 est.)

Russia revenues: $299 billion expenditures: $262 billion (2007 est.)

Rwanda revenues: $801.8 million expenditures: $878.3 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Saint Helena revenues: $13.09 million expenditures: $32.16 million note: revenue data reflect locally raised revenues only; the budget deficit is resolved by grant aid from the United Kingdom (FY06/07 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis revenues: $89.7 million expenditures: $128.2 million (2003 est.)

Saint Lucia revenues: $141.2 million expenditures: $146.7 million (2000 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million (1996 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines revenues: $94.6 million expenditures: $85.8 million (2000 est.)

Samoa revenues: $171.3 million expenditures: $78.1 million (FY04/05 est.)

San Marino revenues: $709.6 million expenditures: $672.3 million (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe revenues: $63.21 million expenditures: $54.94 million (2007 est.)

Saudi Arabia revenues: $163 billion expenditures: $118.3 billion (2007 est.)

Senegal revenues: $2.614 billion expenditures: $3.036 billion (2007 est.)

Serbia revenues: $9.6 billion expenditures: $9.8 billion (2007 est.)

Seychelles revenues: $372.3 million expenditures: $362.2 million (2007 est.)

Sierra Leone revenues: $96 million expenditures: $351 million (2000 est.)

Singapore revenues: $27 billion expenditures: $21.5 billion (2007 est.)

Slovakia revenues: $34.34 billion expenditures: $35.99 billion (2007 est.)

Slovenia revenues: $19.17 billion expenditures: $19.04 billion (2007 est.)

Solomon Islands revenues: $49.7 million expenditures: $75.1 million (2003)

Somalia revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

South Africa revenues: $83.47 billion expenditures: $82.02 billion (2007 est.)

Spain revenues: $588.5 billion expenditures: $556.5 billion (2007 est.)

Sri Lanka revenues: $5.384 billion expenditures: $7.608 billion (2007 est.)

Sudan revenues: $9.201 billion expenditures: $10.62 billion (2007 est.)

Suriname revenues: $392.6 million expenditures: $425.9 million (2004)

Svalbard revenues: $25.07 million expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)

Swaziland revenues: $1.13 billion expenditures: $1.143 billion (2007 est.)

Sweden revenues: $249.1 billion expenditures: $233.5 billion (2007 est.)

Switzerland revenues: $150.6 billion expenditures: $141.5 billion (2007 est.)

Syria revenues: $8.393 billion expenditures: $11.21 billion (2007 est.)

Taiwan revenues: $76.2 billion expenditures: $75.65 billion (2007 est.)

Tajikistan revenues: $712.1 million expenditures: $674.5 million (2007 est.)

Tanzania revenues: $3.561 billion expenditures: $3.594 billion (2007 est.)

Thailand revenues: $44.14 billion expenditures: $49.83 billion (2007 est.)

Timor-Leste revenues: $733 million expenditures: $309 million note: the government passed a transitional budget to cover the latter half of 2007 and has moved the fiscal cycle to a calendar year, starting with the budget they passed for 2008 (FY06/07 est.)

Togo revenues: $466.8 million expenditures: $514.7 million (2007 est.)

Tokelau revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million (1987 est.)

Tonga revenues: $80.48 million expenditures: $109.8 million (FY07/08)

Trinidad and Tobago revenues: $6.332 billion expenditures: $5.969 billion (2007 est.)

Tunisia revenues: $8.466 billion expenditures: $9.475 billion (2007 est.)

Turkey revenues: $145.5 billion expenditures: $156.1 billion (2007 est.)

Turkmenistan revenues: $1.664 billion expenditures: $1.624 billion (2007 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million (1997-98 est.)

Tuvalu revenues: $21.54 million expenditures: $23.05 million (2006)

Uganda revenues: $2.211 billion expenditures: $2.443 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2007 est.)

Ukraine revenues: $43.54 billion expenditures: $45.06 billion; note - this is the planned, consolidated budget (2007 est.)

United Arab Emirates revenues: $68.27 billion expenditures: $38.06 billion (2007 est.)

United Kingdom revenues: $1.154 trillion expenditures: $1.239 trillion (2007 est.)

United States revenues: $2.568 trillion expenditures: $2.73 trillion (2007 est.)

Uruguay revenues: $6.701 billion expenditures: $6.807 billion (2007 est.)

Uzbekistan revenues: $6.478 billion expenditures: $6.5 billion (2007 est.)

Vanuatu revenues: $78.7 million expenditures: $72.23 million (2005)

Venezuela revenues: $65.83 billion expenditures: $58.9 billion (2007 est.)

Vietnam revenues: $18.62 billion expenditures: $19.71 billion (2007 est.)

Virgin Islands revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

Wallis and Futuna revenues: $29,730 expenditures: $31,330 (2004)

West Bank revenues: $1.149 billion expenditures: $2.31 billion note: includes Gaza Strip (2006)

Western Sahara revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA

Yemen revenues: $7.576 billion expenditures: $8.391 billion (2007 est.)

Zambia revenues: $2.655 billion expenditures: $2.8 billion (2007 est.)

Zimbabwe revenues: $2.442 billion expenditures: $3.017 billion (2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2057 Capital

Afghanistan name: Kabul geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Akrotiri name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia) geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Albania name: Tirana (Tirane) geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 19 49 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Algeria name: Algiers geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

American Samoa name: Pago Pago geographic coordinates: 14 16 S, 170 42 W time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Andorra name: Andorra la Vella geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Angola name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 14 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Anguilla name: The Valley geographic coordinates: 18 13 N, 63 03 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Antigua and Barbuda name: Saint John's geographic coordinates: 17 07 N, 61 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Argentina name: Buenos Aires geographic coordinates: 34 36 S, 58 40 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends third Saturday in March; note - a new policy of daylight saving time was initiated by the government on 30 December 2007

Armenia name: Yerevan geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Aruba name: Oranjestad geographic coordinates: 12 31 N, 70 02 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Australia name: Canberra geographic coordinates: 35 17 S, 149 13 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in March note: Australia is divided into three time zones

Austria name: Vienna geographic coordinates: 48 12 N, 16 22 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Azerbaijan name: Baku (Baki, Baky) geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Bahamas, The name: Nassau geographic coordinates: 25 05 N, 77 21 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Bahrain name: Manama geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Bangladesh name: Dhaka geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Barbados name: Bridgetown geographic coordinates: 13 06 N, 59 37 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Belarus name: Minsk geographic coordinates: 53 54 N, 27 34 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Belgium name: Brussels geographic coordinates: 50 50 N, 4 20 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Belize name: Belmopan geographic coordinates: 17 15 N, 88 46 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Benin name: Porto-Novo (official capital) geographic coordinates: 6 29 N, 2 37 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Cotonou (seat of government)

Bermuda name: Hamilton geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Bhutan name: Thimphu geographic coordinates: 27 29 N, 89 36 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Bolivia name: La Paz (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 16 30 S, 68 09 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Sucre (constitutional capital)

Bosnia and Herzegovina name: Sarajevo geographic coordinates: 43 52 N, 18 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Botswana name: Gaborone geographic coordinates: 24 45 S, 25 55 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Brazil name: Brasilia geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February note: Brazil is divided into four time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands

British Virgin Islands name: Road Town geographic coordinates: 18 27 N, 64 37 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Brunei name: Bandar Seri Begawan geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Bulgaria name: Sofia geographic coordinates: 42 41 N, 23 19 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Burkina Faso name: Ouagadougou geographic coordinates: 12 22 N, 1 31 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Burma name: Rangoon (Yangon) geographic coordinates: 16 48 N, 96 09 E time difference: UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Nay Pyi Taw is administrative capital

Burundi name: Bujumbura geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cambodia name: Phnom Penh geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cameroon name: Yaounde geographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Canada name: Ottawa geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November note: Canada is divided into six time zones

Cape Verde name: Praia geographic coordinates: 14 55 N, 23 31 W time difference: UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cayman Islands name: George Town (on Grand Cayman) geographic coordinates: 19 18 N, 81 23 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Central African Republic name: Bangui geographic coordinates: 4 22 N, 18 35 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Chad name: N'Djamena geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Chile name: Santiago geographic coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in October; ends second Sunday in March

China name: Beijing geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: despite its size, all of China falls within one time zone

Christmas Island name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands name: West Island geographic coordinates: 12 10 S, 96 50 E time difference: UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Colombia name: Bogota geographic coordinates: 4 36 N, 74 05 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Comoros name: Moroni geographic coordinates: 11 42 S, 43 14 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the name: Kinshasa geographic coordinates: 4 19 S, 15 18 E time difference: UTC+1 (six hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Congo, Republic of the name: Brazzaville geographic coordinates: 4 15 S, 15 17 E time difference: UTC+1 (six hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cook Islands name: Avarua geographic coordinates: 21 12 S, 159 46 W time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Costa Rica name: San Jose geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Cote d'Ivoire name: Yamoussoukro geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 17 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan

Croatia name: Zagreb geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Cuba name: Havana geographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Cyprus name: Nicosia (Lefkosia) geographic coordinates: 35 10 N, 33 22 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Czech Republic name: Prague geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Denmark name: Copenhagen geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: applies to continental Denmark only, not to the North Atlantic components

Dhekelia name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Djibouti name: Djibouti geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Dominica name: Roseau geographic coordinates: 15 18 N, 61 24 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Dominican Republic name: Santo Domingo geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Ecuador name: Quito geographic coordinates: 0 13 S, 78 30 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Egypt name: Cairo geographic coordinates: 30 03 N, 31 15 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Friday in April; ends last Thursday in September

El Salvador name: San Salvador geographic coordinates: 13 42 N, 89 12 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Equatorial Guinea name: Malabo geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Eritrea name: Asmara (Asmera) geographic coordinates: 15 20 N, 38 56 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Estonia name: Tallinn geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Ethiopia name: Addis Ababa geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

European Union name: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg geographic coordinates: 50 50 N, 4 20 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: the Council of the European Union meets in Brussels, Belgium, the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and the Court of Justice of the European Communities meets in Luxembourg

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) name: Stanley geographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends third Sunday in April

Faroe Islands name: Torshavn geographic coordinates: 62 01 N, 6 46 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Fiji name: Suva (on Viti Levu) geographic coordinates: 18 08 S, 178 25 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Finland name: Helsinki geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

France name: Paris geographic coordinates: 48 52 N, 2 20 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: applies to metropolitan France only, not to its overseas departments, collectivities, or territories

French Polynesia name: Papeete geographic coordinates: 17 32 S, 149 34 W time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Gabon name: Libreville geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Gambia, The name: Banjul geographic coordinates: 13 27 N, 16 34 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Georgia name: T'bilisi geographic coordinates: 41 43 N, 44 47 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Germany name: Berlin geographic coordinates: 52 31 N, 13 24 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Ghana name: Accra geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Gibraltar name: Gibraltar geographic coordinates: 36 08 N, 5 21 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Greece name: Athens geographic coordinates: 37 59 N, 23 44 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Greenland name: Nuuk (Godthab) geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Greenland is divided into four time zones

Grenada name: Saint George's geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Guam name: Hagatna (Agana) geographic coordinates: 13 28 N, 144 44 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Guatemala name: Guatemala geographic coordinates: 14 37 N, 90 31 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in April; ends last Friday in September; note - there is no DST planned for 2007-2009

Guernsey name: Saint Peter Port geographic coordinates: 49 27 N, 2 32 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Guinea name: Conakry geographic coordinates: 9 33 N, 13 42 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Guinea-Bissau name: Bissau geographic coordinates: 11 51 N, 15 35 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Guyana name: Georgetown geographic coordinates: 6 48 N, 58 10 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Haiti name: Port-au-Prince geographic coordinates: 18 32 N, 72 20 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October

Holy See (Vatican City) name: Vatican City geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Honduras name: Tegucigalpa geographic coordinates: 14 06 N, 87 13 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Hungary name: Budapest geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Iceland name: Reykjavik geographic coordinates: 64 09 N, 21 57 W time difference: UTC (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

India name: New Delhi geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Indonesia name: Jakarta geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones

Iran name: Tehran geographic coordinates: 35 40 N, 51 25 E time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Iraq name: Baghdad geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 23 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins 1 April; ends 1 October

Ireland name: Dublin geographic coordinates: 53 19 N, 6 14 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Isle of Man name: Douglas geographic coordinates: 54 09 N, 4 29 W time difference: UTC 0 (five hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Israel name: Jerusalem geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Friday in March; ends the Sunday between the holidays of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur note: Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv

Italy name: Rome geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 29 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Jamaica name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 18 00 N, 76 48 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Japan name: Tokyo geographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Jersey name: Saint Helier geographic coordinates: 49 11 N, 2 06 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Jordan name: Amman geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Thursday in March; ends last Friday in September

Kazakhstan name: Astana geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones

Kenya name: Nairobi geographic coordinates: 1 17 S, 36 49 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Kiribati name: Tarawa geographic coordinates: 1 19 N, 172 58 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Korea, North name: Pyongyang geographic coordinates: 39 01 N, 125 45 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Korea, South name: Seoul geographic coordinates: 37 33 N, 126 59 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Kosovo name: Pristina (Prishtine) geographic coordinates: 42 40 N, 21 10 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Kuwait name: Kuwait geographic coordinates: 29 22 N, 47 58 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Kyrgyzstan name: Bishkek geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Laos name: Vientiane geographic coordinates: 17 58 N, 102 36 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Latvia name: Riga geographic coordinates: 56 57 N, 24 06 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Lebanon name: Beirut geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Lesotho name: Maseru geographic coordinates: 29 19 S, 27 29 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Liberia name: Monrovia geographic coordinates: 6 18 N, 10 48 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Libya name: Tripoli geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Liechtenstein name: Vaduz geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Lithuania name: Vilnius geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Luxembourg name: Luxembourg geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Macedonia name: Skopje geographic coordinates: 42 00 N, 21 26 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Madagascar name: Antananarivo geographic coordinates: 18 55 S, 47 31 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Malawi name: Lilongwe geographic coordinates: 13 59 S, 33 47 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Malaysia name: Kuala Lumpur geographic coordinates: 3 10 N, 101 42 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur

Maldives name: Male geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 30 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mali name: Bamako geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Malta name: Valletta geographic coordinates: 35 53 N, 14 30 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Marshall Islands name: Majuro geographic coordinates: 7 06 N, 171 23 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mauritania name: Nouakchott geographic coordinates: 18 07 N, 16 02 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mauritius name: Port Louis geographic coordinates: 20 09 S, 57 29 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mayotte name: Mamoudzou geographic coordinates: 12 46 S, 45 13 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mexico name: Mexico (Distrito Federal) geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October note: Mexico is divided into three time zones

Micronesia, Federated States of name: Palikir geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 09 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Moldova name: Chisinau (Kishinev) note: pronounced kee-shee-now geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 28 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Monaco name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Mongolia name: Ulaanbaatar geographic coordinates: 47 55 N, 106 55 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Montenegro name: Podgorica geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Montserrat name: Plymouth geographic coordinates: 16 42 N, 62 13 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Plymouth was abandoned in 1997 because of volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat

Morocco name: Rabat geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Mozambique name: Maputo geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Namibia name: Windhoek geographic coordinates: 22 34 S, 17 05 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April

Nauru no official capital; government offices in Yaren District time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Nepal name: Kathmandu geographic coordinates: 27 43 N, 85 19 E time difference: UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Netherlands name: Amsterdam geographic coordinates: 52 23 N, 4 54 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: The Hague is the seat of government; time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, not to the Caribbean components

Netherlands Antilles name: Willemstad (on Curacao) geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 68 56 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

New Caledonia name: Noumea geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

New Zealand name: Wellington geographic coordinates: 41 28 S, 174 51 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in March note: New Zealand is divided into two time zones, including Chatham Island

Nicaragua name: Managua geographic coordinates: 12 09 N, 86 17 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Niger name: Niamey geographic coordinates: 13 31 N, 2 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Nigeria name: Abuja geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Niue name: Alofi geographic coordinates: 19 01 S, 169 55 W time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Norfolk Island name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Northern Mariana Islands name: Saipan geographic coordinates: 15 12 N, 145 45 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Norway name: Oslo geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Oman name: Muscat geographic coordinates: 23 37 N, 58 35 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Pakistan name: Islamabad geographic coordinates: 33 42 N, 73 10 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Palau name: Melekeok geographic coordinates: 7 29 N, 134 38 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Panama name: Panama geographic coordinates: 8 58 N, 79 32 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Papua New Guinea name: Port Moresby geographic coordinates: 9 30 S, 147 10 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Paraguay name: Asuncion geographic coordinates: 25 16 S, 57 40 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Peru name: Lima geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Philippines name: Manila geographic coordinates: 14 35 N, 121 00 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Pitcairn Islands name: Adamstown geographic coordinates: 25 04 S, 130 05 W time difference: UTC-9 (4 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Poland name: Warsaw geographic coordinates: 52 15 N, 21 00 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Portugal name: Lisbon geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Puerto Rico name: San Juan geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 66 07 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Qatar name: Doha geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Romania name: Bucharest geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Russia name: Moscow geographic coordinates: 55 45 N, 37 35 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Russia is divided into 11 time zones

Rwanda name: Kigali geographic coordinates: 1 57 S, 30 04 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Saint Barthelemy name: Gustavia geographic coordinates: 17 53 N, 62 51 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Saint Helena name: Jamestown geographic coordinates: 15 56 S, 5 44 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Saint Kitts and Nevis name: Basseterre geographic coordinates: 17 18 N, 62 43 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Saint Lucia name: Castries geographic coordinates: 14 01 N, 61 00 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Saint Martin name: Marigot geographical coordinates: 18 04 N, 63 05 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight savings: +1 hour

Saint Pierre and Miquelon name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines name: Kingstown geographic coordinates: 13 09 N, 61 14 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Samoa name: Apia geographic coordinates: 13 50 S, 171 44 W time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

San Marino name: San Marino geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Sao Tome and Principe name: Sao Tome geographic coordinates: 0 12 N, 6 39 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Saudi Arabia name: Riyadh geographic coordinates: 24 38 N, 46 43 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Senegal name: Dakar geographic coordinates: 14 40 N, 17 26 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Serbia name: Belgrade (Beograd) geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Seychelles name: Victoria geographic coordinates: 4 38 S, 55 27 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Sierra Leone name: Freetown geographic coordinates: 8 30 N, 13 15 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Singapore name: Singapore geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Slovakia name: Bratislava geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Slovenia name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Solomon Islands name: Honiara geographic coordinates: 9 26 S, 159 57 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Somalia name: Mogadishu geographic coordinates: 2 04 N, 45 22 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

South Africa name: Pretoria (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 25 42 S, 28 13 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)

Spain name: Madrid geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: Spain is divided into two time zones including the Canary Islands

Sri Lanka name: Colombo geographic coordinates: 6 56 N, 79 51 E time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)

Sudan name: Khartoum geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Suriname name: Paramaribo geographic coordinates: 5 50 N, 55 10 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Svalbard name: Longyearbyen geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Swaziland name: Mbabane geographic coordinates: 26 18 S, 31 06 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)

Sweden name: Stockholm geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Switzerland name: Bern geographic coordinates: 46 57 N, 7 26 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Syria name: Damascus geographic coordinates: 33 30 N, 36 18 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins 1 April; ends 30 September

Taiwan name: Taipei geographic coordinates: 25 03 N, 121 30 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Tajikistan name: Dushanbe geographic coordinates: 38 35 N, 68 48 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Tanzania name: Dar es Salaam geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis

Thailand name: Bangkok geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Timor-Leste name: Dili geographic coordinates: 8 35 S, 125 36 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Togo name: Lome geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Tokelau none; each atoll has its own administrative center time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Tonga name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Trinidad and Tobago name: Port-of-Spain geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Tunisia name: Tunis geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Turkey name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Turkmenistan name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Turks and Caicos Islands name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October

Tuvalu name: Funafuti geographic coordinates: 8 30 S, 179 12 E time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: administrative offices are located in Vaiaku Village on Fongafale Islet

Uganda name: Kampala geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 25 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Ukraine name: Kyiv (Kiev) geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

United Arab Emirates name: Abu Dhabi geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

United Kingdom name: London geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 10 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: applies to the United Kingdom proper, not to its overseas dependencies or territories

United States name: Washington, DC geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November note: the 50 United States cover six time zones

Uruguay name: Montevideo geographic coordinates: 34 53 S, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in October; ends second Sunday in March

Uzbekistan name: Tashkent (Toshkent) geographic coordinates: 41 20 N, 69 18 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Vanuatu name: Port-Vila (on Efate) geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Venezuela name: Caracas geographic coordinates: 10 30 N, 66 56 W time difference: UTC-4.5 (half an hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Vietnam name: Hanoi geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Virgin Islands name: Charlotte Amalie geographic coordinates: 18 21 N, 64 56 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Wallis and Futuna name: Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea) geographic coordinates: 13 57 S, 171 56 W time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Western Sahara none time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Yemen name: Sanaa geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Zambia name: Lusaka geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Zimbabwe name: Harare geographic coordinates: 17 50 S, 31 03 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2058 Imports - commodities (%)

Afghanistan capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products

Albania machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals

Algeria capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods

American Samoa materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% (2004 est.)

Andorra consumer goods, food, electricity

Angola machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Anguilla fuels, foodstuffs, manufactures, chemicals, trucks, textiles

Antigua and Barbuda food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil

Argentina machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics

Armenia natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds

Aruba machinery and electrical equipment, crude oil for refining and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs

Australia machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products

Austria machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs

Azerbaijan machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals

Bahamas, The machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals

Bahrain crude oil, machinery, chemicals

Bangladesh machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement

Barbados consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components

Belarus mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals

Belgium machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products

Belize machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco

Benin foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products

Bermuda clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals

Bhutan fuel and lubricants, grain, aircraft, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice

Bolivia petroleum products, plastics, paper, aircraft and aircraft parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans

Bosnia and Herzegovina machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Botswana foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products

Brazil machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics

British Virgin Islands building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery

Brunei machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals

Bulgaria machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Burkina Faso capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum

Burma fabric, petroleum products, fertilizer, plastics, machinery, transport equipment; cement, construction materials, crude oil; food products, edible oil

Burundi capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Cambodia petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products

Cameroon machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food

Canada machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods

Cape Verde foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels

Cayman Islands foodstuffs, manufactured goods

Central African Republic food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Chad machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Chile petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas

China machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, LED screens, data processing equipment, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, steel, copper

Christmas Island consumer goods

Cocos (Keeling) Islands foodstuffs

Colombia industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity

Comoros rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment

Congo, Democratic Republic of the foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels

Congo, Republic of the capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs

Cook Islands foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods

Costa Rica raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials

Cote d'Ivoire fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs

Croatia machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs

Cuba petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Cyprus consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment

Czech Republic machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003)

Denmark machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods

Djibouti foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products

Dominica manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals

Dominican Republic foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals

Ecuador industrial materials, fuels and lubricants, nondurable consumer goods

Egypt machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

El Salvador raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity

Equatorial Guinea petroleum sector equipment, other equipment

Eritrea machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Estonia machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles 10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)

Ethiopia food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles

European Union machinery, vehicles, aircraft, plastics, crude oil, chemicals, textiles, metals, foodstuffs, clothing

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing

Faroe Islands consumer goods 36%, raw materials and semi-manufactures 32%, machinery and transport equipment 29%, fuels, fish, salt (1999)

Fiji manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, chemicals

Finland foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

France machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals

French Polynesia fuels, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment

Gabon machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials

Gambia, The foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment

Gaza Strip food, consumer goods, construction materials

Georgia fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals

Germany machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

Ghana capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

Gibraltar fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs

Greece machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals

Greenland machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products

Grenada food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel

Guam petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Guatemala fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity

Guernsey coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment

Guinea petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs

Guinea-Bissau foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products

Guyana manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food

Haiti food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials

Honduras machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs

Hong Kong raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is re-exported)

Hungary machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0% (2003)

Iceland machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles

India crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

Indonesia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Iran industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services

Iraq food, medicine, manufactures

Ireland data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing

Isle of Man timber, fertilizers, fish

Israel raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods

Italy engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, and tobacco

Jamaica food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials

Japan machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials

Jersey machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals

Jordan crude oil, textile fabrics, machinery, transport equipment, manufactured goods

Kazakhstan machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs

Kenya machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics

Kiribati foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel

Korea, North petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grain

Korea, South machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics

Kosovo foodstuffs, wood, petroleum, chemicals, machinery and electrical equipment

Kuwait food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing

Kyrgyzstan oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Laos machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods

Latvia machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, vehicles

Lebanon petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery

Lesotho food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products

Liberia fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs

Libya machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products

Liechtenstein agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles

Lithuania mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals

Luxembourg minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods

Macau raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils

Macedonia machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products

Madagascar capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food

Malawi food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment

Malaysia electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals

Maldives petroleum products, ships, foodstuffs, clothing, intermediate and capital goods

Mali petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles

Malta machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, tobacco

Marshall Islands foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco

Mauritania machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods

Mauritius manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Mayotte food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals

Mexico metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts

Micronesia, Federated States of food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages

Moldova mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles

Mongolia machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea

Montserrat machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials

Morocco crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics

Mozambique machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles

Namibia foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Nauru food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery

Nepal gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer

Netherlands machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing

Netherlands Antilles crude petroleum, food, manufactures

New Caledonia machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

New Zealand machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics

Nicaragua consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products

Niger foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals

Nigeria machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Niue food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products

Norway machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs

Oman machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants

Pakistan petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea

Palau machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs

Panama capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals

Papua New Guinea machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals

Paraguay road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts

Peru petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper

Philippines electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic

Pitcairn Islands fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs

Poland machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 14.8%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9.1% (2003)

Portugal agricultural products, food products, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, skins and leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, minerals and mineral products, base metals, machinery and tools, vehicles and other transport material, and optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices, household goods, passenger cars new and used, and wine products

Puerto Rico chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products

Qatar machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals

Romania machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, metals, agricultural products

Russia machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar, semifinished metal products

Rwanda foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material

Saint Helena food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts

Saint Kitts and Nevis machinery, manufactures, food, fuels

Saint Lucia food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels

Saint Martin crude petroleum, food, manufactured items

Saint Pierre and Miquelon meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels

Samoa machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs

San Marino wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Sao Tome and Principe machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products

Saudi Arabia machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles

Senegal food and beverages, capital goods, fuels

Seychelles machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Sierra Leone foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals

Singapore machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

Slovakia machinery and transport equipment 41.1%, intermediate manufactured goods 19.3%, fuels 12.3%, chemicals 9.8%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 10.2% (2003)

Slovenia machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food

Solomon Islands food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals

Somalia manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat

South Africa machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs

Spain machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments

Sri Lanka textile fabrics, mineral products, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and transportation equipment

Sudan foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat

Suriname capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods

Swaziland motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Sweden machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing

Switzerland machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles

Syria machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper

Taiwan electronic and electrical products, machinery, petroleum, precision instruments, organic chemicals, metals (2002)

Tajikistan electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Tanzania consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

Thailand capital goods, intermediate goods and raw materials, consumer goods, fuels

Timor-Leste food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery

Togo machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products

Tokelau foodstuffs, building materials, fuel

Tonga foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals

Trinidad and Tobago mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals, grain

Tunisia textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs

Turkey machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

Turkmenistan machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Turks and Caicos Islands food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials

Tuvalu food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods

Uganda capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals

Ukraine energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals

United Arab Emirates machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

United Kingdom manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

United States agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003)

Uruguay crude petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, paper, plastics

Uzbekistan machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metals

Vanuatu machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels

Venezuela raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials

Vietnam machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles

Virgin Islands crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials

Wallis and Futuna chemicals, machinery, passenger ships, consumer goods

West Bank food, consumer goods, construction materials

Western Sahara fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs

World the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services top ten - share of world trade: see listing for exports

Yemen food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Zambia machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing

Zimbabwe machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2059 Climate

Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter

Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation

Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers

Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing

Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical

Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November

Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north

Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe

Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October)

Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime

Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)

Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north

Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas

Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

Bouvet Island antarctic

Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south

British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds

British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds

Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy

Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)

Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic

Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)

Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers

Chad tropical in south, desert in north

Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south

China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

Christmas Island tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds

Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year

Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands

Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)

Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

Cook Islands tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March

Coral Sea Islands tropical

Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands

Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)

Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast

Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)

Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

Djibouti desert; torrid, dry

Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall

Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall

Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands

Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands

Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid

Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands

Estonia maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers

Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate

Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy

Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation

Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

France metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)

French Polynesia tropical, but moderate

French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy Iles Eparses: tropical

Gabon tropical; always hot, humid

Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)

Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers

Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind

Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers

Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation

Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands

Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)

Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic

Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

Hong Kong subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall

Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers

Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers

India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean

Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq

Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time

Isle of Man temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time

Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas

Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south

Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior

Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog

Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers

Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid

Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds

Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter

Kosovo influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December

Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters

Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)

Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters

Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows

Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers

Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers

Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall

Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)

Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons

Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)

Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)

Malta Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers

Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt

Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty

Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)

Mexico varies from tropical to desert

Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage

Moldova moderate winters, warm summers

Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

Montenegro Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation

Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior

Mozambique tropical to subtropical

Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic

Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)

Navassa Island marine, tropical

Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south

Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

Netherlands Antilles tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds

New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts

Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds

Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation

Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October

Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast

Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south

Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December

Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north

Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November

Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation