Introductory material (continued 52)
Reading edition
Paracel Islands tropical
Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers
Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Saint Barthelemy tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)
Saint Helena Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August
Saint Martin temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season
Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)
San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Serbia in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)
Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather
Somalia principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons
South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter
Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Spratly Islands tropical
Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)
Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds
Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate
Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
Timor-Leste tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Turkmenistan subtropical desert
Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains
United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs during the winter Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year
Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April
Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)
Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November
Wake Island tropical
Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C
West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
World a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates
Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2060 Coastline (km)
Afghanistan 0 km (landlocked)
Akrotiri 56.3 km
Albania 362 km
Algeria 998 km
American Samoa 116 km
Andorra 0 km (landlocked)
Angola 1,600 km
Anguilla 61 km
Antarctica 17,968 km
Antigua and Barbuda 153 km
Arctic Ocean 45,389 km
Argentina 4,989 km
Armenia 0 km (landlocked)
Aruba 68.5 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 74.1 km
Atlantic Ocean 111,866 km
Australia 25,760 km
Austria 0 km (landlocked)
Azerbaijan 0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)
Bahamas, The 3,542 km
Bahrain 161 km
Bangladesh 580 km
Barbados 97 km
Belarus 0 km (landlocked)
Belgium 66.5 km
Belize 386 km
Benin 121 km
Bermuda 103 km
Bhutan 0 km (landlocked)
Bolivia 0 km (landlocked)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 km
Botswana 0 km (landlocked)
Bouvet Island 29.6 km
Brazil 7,491 km
British Indian Ocean Territory 698 km
British Virgin Islands 80 km
Brunei 161 km
Bulgaria 354 km
Burkina Faso 0 km (landlocked)
Burma 1,930 km
Burundi 0 km (landlocked)
Cambodia 443 km
Cameroon 402 km
Canada 202,080 km
Cape Verde 965 km
Cayman Islands 160 km
Central African Republic 0 km (landlocked)
Chad 0 km (landlocked)
Chile 6,435 km
China 14,500 km
Christmas Island 138.9 km
Clipperton Island 11.1 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 26 km
Colombia 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
Comoros 340 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 37 km
Congo, Republic of the 169 km
Cook Islands 120 km
Coral Sea Islands 3,095 km
Costa Rica 1,290 km
Cote d'Ivoire 515 km
Croatia 5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)
Cuba 3,735 km
Cyprus 648 km
Czech Republic 0 km (landlocked)
Denmark 7,314 km
Dhekelia 27.5 km
Djibouti 314 km
Dominica 148 km
Dominican Republic 1,288 km
Ecuador 2,237 km
Egypt 2,450 km
El Salvador 307 km
Equatorial Guinea 296 km
Eritrea 2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)
Estonia 3,794 km
Ethiopia 0 km (landlocked)
European Union 65,992.9 km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,288 km
Faroe Islands 1,117 km
Fiji 1,129 km
Finland 1,250 km
France total: 4,668 km metropolitan France: 3,427 km
French Polynesia 2,525 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): 28 km Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): Iles Kerguelen: 2,800 km Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km Europa Island (Iles Eparses): 22.2 km Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 35.2 km Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): 24.1 km Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): 3.7 km
Gabon 885 km
Gambia, The 80 km
Gaza Strip 40 km
Georgia 310 km
Germany 2,389 km
Ghana 539 km
Gibraltar 12 km
Greece 13,676 km
Greenland 44,087 km
Grenada 121 km
Guam 125.5 km
Guatemala 400 km
Guernsey 50 km
Guinea 320 km
Guinea-Bissau 350 km
Guyana 459 km
Haiti 1,771 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 101.9 km
Holy See (Vatican City) 0 km (landlocked)
Honduras 820 km
Hong Kong 733 km
Hungary 0 km (landlocked)
Iceland 4,970 km
India 7,000 km
Indian Ocean 66,526 km
Indonesia 54,716 km
Iran 2,440 km; note - Iran also borders the Caspian Sea (740 km)
Iraq 58 km
Ireland 1,448 km
Isle of Man 160 km
Israel 273 km
Italy 7,600 km
Jamaica 1,022 km
Jan Mayen 124.1 km
Japan 29,751 km
Jersey 70 km
Jordan 26 km
Kazakhstan 0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea, now split into two bodies of water (1,070 km), and the Caspian Sea (1,894 km)
Kenya 536 km
Kiribati 1,143 km
Korea, North 2,495 km
Korea, South 2,413 km
Kosovo 0 km (landlocked)
Kuwait 499 km
Kyrgyzstan 0 km (landlocked)
Laos 0 km (landlocked)
Latvia 498 km
Lebanon 225 km
Lesotho 0 km (landlocked)
Liberia 579 km
Libya 1,770 km
Liechtenstein 0 km (doubly landlocked)
Lithuania 90 km
Luxembourg 0 km (landlocked)
Macau 41 km
Macedonia 0 km (landlocked)
Madagascar 4,828 km
Malawi 0 km (landlocked)
Malaysia 4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)
Maldives 644 km
Mali 0 km (landlocked)
Malta 196.8 km (does not include 56.01 km for the island of Gozo)
Marshall Islands 370.4 km
Mauritania 754 km
Mauritius 177 km
Mayotte 185.2 km
Mexico 9,330 km
Micronesia, Federated States of 6,112 km
Moldova 0 km (landlocked)
Monaco 4.1 km
Mongolia 0 km (landlocked)
Montenegro 293.5 km
Montserrat 40 km
Morocco 1,835 km
Mozambique 2,470 km
Namibia 1,572 km
Nauru 30 km
Navassa Island 8 km
Nepal 0 km (landlocked)
Netherlands 451 km
Netherlands Antilles 364 km
New Caledonia 2,254 km
New Zealand 15,134 km
Nicaragua 910 km
Niger 0 km (landlocked)
Nigeria 853 km
Niue 64 km
Norfolk Island 32 km
Northern Mariana Islands 1,482 km
Norway 25,148 km (includes mainland 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 22,498 km; length of island coastlines 58,133 km)
Oman 2,092 km
Pacific Ocean 135,663 km
Pakistan 1,046 km
Palau 1,519 km
Panama 2,490 km
Papua New Guinea 5,152 km
Paracel Islands 518 km
Paraguay 0 km (landlocked)
Peru 2,414 km
Philippines 36,289 km
Pitcairn Islands 51 km
Poland 440 km
Portugal 1,793 km
Puerto Rico 501 km
Qatar 563 km
Romania 225 km
Russia 37,653 km
Rwanda 0 km (landlocked)
Saint Helena Saint Helena: 60 km Ascension Island: NA Tristan da Cunha: 40 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis 135 km
Saint Lucia 158 km
Saint Martin 58.9 km (for entire island)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 120 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84 km
Samoa 403 km
San Marino 0 km (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe 209 km
Saudi Arabia 2,640 km
Senegal 531 km
Serbia 0 km (landlocked)
Seychelles 491 km
Sierra Leone 402 km
Singapore 193 km
Slovakia 0 km (landlocked)
Slovenia 46.6 km
Solomon Islands 5,313 km
Somalia 3,025 km
South Africa 2,798 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands NA km
Southern Ocean 17,968 km
Spain 4,964 km
Spratly Islands 926 km
Sri Lanka 1,340 km
Sudan 853 km
Suriname 386 km
Svalbard 3,587 km
Swaziland 0 km (landlocked)
Sweden 3,218 km
Switzerland 0 km (landlocked)
Syria 193 km
Taiwan 1,566.3 km
Tajikistan 0 km (landlocked)
Tanzania 1,424 km
Thailand 3,219 km
Timor-Leste 706 km
Togo 56 km
Tokelau 101 km
Tonga 419 km
Trinidad and Tobago 362 km
Tunisia 1,148 km
Turkey 7,200 km
Turkmenistan 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
Turks and Caicos Islands 389 km
Tuvalu 24 km
Uganda 0 km (landlocked)
Ukraine 2,782 km
United Arab Emirates 1,318 km
United Kingdom 12,429 km
United States 19,924 km
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker Island: 4.8 km Howland Island: 6.4 km Jarvis Island: 8 km Johnston Atoll: 34 km Kingman Reef: 3 km Midway Islands: 15 km Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km
Uruguay 660 km
Uzbekistan 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Vanuatu 2,528 km
Venezuela 2,800 km
Vietnam 3,444 km (excludes islands)
Virgin Islands 188 km
Wake Island 19.3 km
Wallis and Futuna 129 km
West Bank 0 km (landlocked)
Western Sahara 1,110 km
World 356,000 km note: 94 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan
Yemen 1,906 km
Zambia 0 km (landlocked)
Zimbabwe 0 km (landlocked)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2061 Imports - partners (%)
Afghanistan Pakistan 36.8%, US 11%, India 5%, Germany 4.2% (2007)
Albania Italy 27.6%, Greece 14.8%, Turkey 7.4%, China 6.8%, Germany 5.6%, Switzerland 5%, Russia 4.2% (2007)
Algeria France 18.7%, China 9%, Italy 8.5%, Spain 6%, US 5.5%, Germany 5.3%, Russia 4.6%, Turkey 4.1% (2007)
American Samoa Australia 66%, Samoa 13.8%, NZ 10.8% (2006)
Angola Portugal 19.7%, US 10.9%, China 10.5%, Brazil 10.3%, South Africa 6.6%, France 6.3%, UK 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2007)
Anguilla US, Puerto Rico, UK (2006)
Antigua and Barbuda US 21.1%, China 16.4%, Germany 13.3%, Singapore 12.7%, Spain 6.5% (2006)
Argentina Brazil 34.6%, US 12.6%, China 12%, Germany 5% (2007)
Armenia Russia 15.1%, Ukraine 7.7%, Kazakhstan 7.4%, Germany 6.8%, China 6%, France 4.6%, US 4.5%, Iraq 4.3% (2007)
Aruba US 54.6%, Netherlands 12%, UK 4.7% (2007)
Australia China 15.5%, US 12.8%, Japan 9.6%, Singapore 5.6%, Germany 5.2%, UK 4.3%, Thailand 4.2% (2007)
Austria Germany 45.5%, Italy 7.1%, Switzerland 5%, Netherlands 4.3% (2007)
Azerbaijan Russia 17.6%, Turkey 10.9%, Germany 8.2%, Ukraine 8.2%, UK 7.2%, Japan 5.2%, China 4.9%, US 4.7% (2007)
Bahamas, The US 26.7%, South Korea 14.1%, Japan 13.5%, Italy 7.5%, Singapore 5.2%, Venezuela 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2007)
Bahrain Saudi Arabia 37.7%, Japan 7.2%, US 6.2%, Germany 4.7%, UK 4.5%, UAE 4.2%, China 4.1% (2007)
Bangladesh China 15%, India 14.3%, Kuwait 8.3%, Singapore 6.2%, Hong Kong 4.2% (2007)
Barbados US 30.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 27.6%, UK 6.5% (2007)
Belarus Russia 59.9%, Germany 7.6%, Ukraine 5.4% (2007)
Belgium Germany 17.7%, Netherlands 17.6%, France 11.2%, UK 6.2%, US 5.4%, Ireland 4.9%, China 4.1% (2007)
Belize US 31.2%, Mexico 13.6%, Cuba 8.5%, Guatemala 8%, Russia 4.6% (2007)
Benin China 44.5%, France 8.2%, US 6.5%, Thailand 6.3%, Malaysia 4.8% (2007)
Bermuda South Korea 36.4%, US 15.7%, Germany 13.2%, Italy 11.8% (2007)
Bhutan India 74.5%, Japan 7.4%, Sweden 3.2% (2007)
Bolivia Brazil 29.9%, Argentina 16.2%, Chile 10.5%, US 9.8%, Peru 8.1% (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia 24.7%, Slovenia 13.3%, Germany 13.1%, Italy 10.4%, Austria 7%, Turkey 6.5%, Hungary 5.4% (2007)
Botswana Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2006)
Brazil US 15.7%, China 10.5%, Argentina 8.6%, Germany 7.2%, Nigeria 4.4% (2007)
British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US (2006)
Brunei UK 46.4%, Singapore 19.5%, Malaysia 11.3% (2007)
Bulgaria Russia 12.3%, Germany 12.3%, Italy 8.7%, Ukraine 7.2%, Turkey 6.9%, Greece 6.2%, Romania 4.5%, Austria 4.3% (2007)
Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire 25.8%, France 20.6%, Togo 7.1% (2007)
Burma China 33.7%, Thailand 19.1%, Singapore 15.5%, South Korea 5.8%, Indonesia 5.2%, Malaysia 4.2% (2007)
Burundi Saudi Arabia 17%, Kenya 11.4%, Belgium 8.7%, France 6.1%, Uganda 5.4%, Germany 5.4%, India 4.8%, Pakistan 4.2% (2007)
Cambodia Thailand 23.1%, Vietnam 16.9%, China 15%, Hong Kong 10.4%, Singapore 7.5%, Taiwan 7.2%, South Korea 4.8% (2007)
Cameroon France 23.4%, Nigeria 12.8%, China 9%, Belgium 5.8%, US 4% (2007)
Canada US 54.1%, China 9.4%, Mexico 4.2% (2007)
Cape Verde Portugal 40.7%, Netherlands 10.9%, France 6.5%, Spain 5.6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.9%, Brazil 4.7%, Italy 4.7% (2007)
Cayman Islands US, Netherlands Antilles, Japan (2006)
Central African Republic France 16.6%, Netherlands 13%, Cameroon 9.7%, US 6.3% (2007)
Chad France 20.4%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.9%, China 10%, Germany 7.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% (2007)
Chile US 16.7%, China 11.2%, Brazil 10.3%, Argentina 9.9% (2007)
China Japan 14%, South Korea 10.9%, Taiwan 10.5%, US 7.3%, Germany 4.7% (2007)
Christmas Island principally Australia (2006)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia (2006)
Colombia US 26.2%, China 10.1%, Mexico 9.3%, Brazil 7.3%, Venezuela 4.2% (2007)
Comoros France 18.2%, UAE 10.8%, South Africa 8.5%, Pakistan 7.2%, Kenya 5.7%, China 5.4%, India 5% (2007)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the South Africa 22.5%, Belgium 10.3%, Zambia 8.9%, Zimbabwe 7.5%, France 6.8%, Kenya 6.3%, US 4.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.1% (2007)
Congo, Republic of the France 18.1%, South Korea 14.7%, China 12.6%, Italy 10.3%, India 4.7%, US 4.2% (2007)
Cook Islands NZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6% (2006)
Costa Rica US 41%, Mexico 6.1%, Venezuela 5.7%, Japan 5.4%, China 5.1%, Brazil 4.3% (2007)
Cote d'Ivoire Nigeria 31.1%, France 16.7%, China 7.3% (2007)
Croatia Italy 16.1%, Germany 14.4%, Russia 10.1%, China 6.2%, Slovenia 6%, Austria 5.3% (2007)
Cuba Venezuela 29.6%, China 13.4%, Spain 10.4%, Canada 6%, US 5.1% (2007)
Cyprus Greece 17.7%, Italy 10.2%, UK 9.6%, Germany 9.4%, Israel 6.5%, France 5.4%, China 5.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2007)
Czech Republic Germany 31.8%, Netherlands 6.7%, Slovakia 6.4%, Poland 6.3%, Austria 5.1%, China 5.1%, Russia 4.5%, Italy 4.4%, France 4.1% (2007)
Denmark Germany 21.6%, Sweden 14.4%, Netherlands 7.1%, Norway 6%, China 5.4%, UK 5.3%, Italy 4.1%, France 4% (2007)
Djibouti Saudi Arabia 21%, India 18.1%, China 9.4%, Ethiopia 4.7%, Malaysia 4.6%, Japan 4.2% (2007)
Dominica US 24.1%, China 21.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.2%, Japan 11.1% (2007)
Dominican Republic US 46%, Venezuela 8.1%, Mexico 5.9%, Colombia 4.7% (2007)
Ecuador US 23.7%, Colombia 10.3%, China 7.6%, Brazil 5.3%, Japan 4.3% (2007)
Egypt US 11.7%, China 9.7%, Italy 6.4%, Germany 6.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Russia 4.3% (2007)
El Salvador US 35.7%, Mexico 9.8%, Guatemala 8.5%, China 4.7% (2007)
Equatorial Guinea US 19.6%, Spain 13.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.9%, France 9.6%, China 7.7%, Italy 6.6%, UK 6.4%, Netherlands 4.1% (2007)
Eritrea Saudi Arabia 19.1%, Italy 15.1%, China 11.1%, Turkey 8.3%, Germany 7.2%, Ukraine 5.1% (2007)
Estonia Finland 15.9%, Germany 12.8%, Sweden 10.1%, Russia 10%, Latvia 7.6%, Lithuania 6.9%, Poland 4.5% (2007)
Ethiopia Saudi Arabia 17%, China 15.9%, India 7.8%, Italy 5.1% (2007)
European Union US 13.8%, China 13.4%, Russia 8.2%, Japan 6.2% (2006)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2006)
Faroe Islands Denmark 51.9%, Norway 21.6%, Sweden 5%, UK 4.6% (2007)
Fiji Singapore 30.4%, Australia 21.6%, NZ 17.7%, China 4.5% (2007)
Finland Germany 15.8%, Russia 14%, Sweden 13.7%, Netherlands 6.8%, China 5.5%, UK 4.9% (2007)
France Germany 18.9%, Belgium 11.4%, Italy 8.4%, Spain 7.1%, Netherlands 7%, UK 5.6%, US 4.4%, China 4% (2007)
French Polynesia France 52.7%, Singapore 14.9%, NZ 6.8%, US 6.6% (2006)
Gabon France 27.7%, US 19.1%, Belgium 5.4%, Netherlands 4.7%, China 4.1% (2007)
Gambia, The China 23.7%, Senegal 11.5%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.3%, Brazil 8%, Netherlands 5.2% (2007)
Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2006)
Georgia Turkey 14%, Russia 12.3%, Ukraine 8.5%, Azerbaijan 7.3%, Germany 6.8%, US 5%, Bulgaria 4.6% (2007)
Germany Netherlands 12%, France 8.6%, Belgium 7.8%, China 6.2%, Italy 5.8%, UK 5.6%, US 4.5%, Austria 4.4% (2007)
Ghana Nigeria 15.1%, China 14.9%, UK 5.2%, US 5.1% (2007)
Gibraltar Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2006)
Greece Germany 12.9%, Italy 11.7%, Russia 5.6%, France 5.6%, China 5%, Netherlands 5% (2007)
Greenland Denmark 68.1%, Sweden 19.3%, Canada 2.5% (2007)
Grenada Trinidad and Tobago 36.5%, US 23.3%, Italy 4.1% (2007)
Guam Singapore 50%, South Korea 21.4%, Japan 14%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2006)
Guatemala US 34.9%, Mexico 9.9%, China 6.8%, El Salvador 4.6%, Costa Rica 4.1% (2007)
Guernsey UK; note - regarded as internal trade (2006)
Guinea China 10%, France 7%, Netherlands 6.3% (2007)
Guinea-Bissau Portugal 21.7%, Senegal 16.8%, France 6%, Pakistan 4.7% (2007)
Guyana Trinidad and Tobago 26.2%, US 20.5%, Cuba 7.2%, China 7.1%, UK 5.4% (2007)
Haiti US 41.2%, Netherlands Antilles 14.9%, China 4.7%, Brazil 4.4% (2007)
Honduras US 52.4%, Guatemala 7.1%, El Salvador 5.2%, Mexico 4.5%, Costa Rica 4.2% (2007)
Hong Kong China 46.3%, Japan 10%, Taiwan 7.1%, Singapore 6.8%, US 4.9%, South Korea 4.2% (2007)
Hungary Germany 26.6%, China 7.8%, Russia 6.9%, Austria 6.1%, Italy 4.5%, France 4.3%, Netherlands 4.3% (2007)
Iceland US 13.7%, Germany 12.2%, Sweden 10.2%, Denmark 7.5%, Netherlands 5.7%, UK 5.4%, China 5.1%, Norway 4.6% (2007)
India China 10.6%, US 7.8%, Germany 4.4%, Singapore 4.4% (2007)
Indonesia Singapore 13.2%, China 11.5%, Japan 8.8%, Malaysia 8.6%, US 6.4%, Thailand 5.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.5%, South Korea 4.3%, Australia 4% (2007)
Iran China 14.2%, Germany 9.6%, UAE 9.1%, South Korea 6.3%, Russia 5.7%, Italy 5% (2007)
Iraq Syria 30.5%, Turkey 19.8%, US 11.1%, Jordan 5%, China 4.8% (2007)
Ireland UK 38.3%, US 11.3%, Germany 9.7%, Netherlands 5%, France 4.2% (2007)
Isle of Man UK (2006)
Israel US 13.9%, Belgium 7.9%, Germany 6.2%, China 6.1%, Switzerland 5.1%, UK 4.7%, Italy 4.1% (2007)
Italy Germany 16.9%, France 9%, China 5.9%, Netherlands 5.5%, Belgium 4.3%, Spain 4.2% (2007)
Jamaica US 37.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, Grenada 9.7%, Venezuela 8.3%, Brazil 4.2% (2007)
Japan China 20.5%, US 11.6%, Saudi Arabia 5.7%, UAE 5.2%, Australia 5%, South Korea 4.4%, Indonesia 4.2% (2007)
Jersey UK (2006)
Jordan Saudi Arabia 21%, China 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, US 4.7%, Egypt 4.4% (2007)
Kazakhstan Russia 35.4%, China 22.1%, Germany 8% (2007)
Kenya UAE 11.4%, China 9.9%, India 8.7%, Saudi Arabia 8%, South Africa 6.9%, US 6.2%, Japan 5.9%, UK 4.6% (2007)
Kiribati Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2006)
Korea, North China 27%, South Korea 16%, Thailand 9%, Russia 7% (2006)
Korea, South China 17.7%, Japan 15.8%, US 10.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.9% (2007)
Kosovo EU 35%, Macedonia 15%, Serbia 13%, Turkey 8% (2006)
Kuwait US 12.7%, Japan 8.5%, Germany 7.3%, China 6.8%, South Korea 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Italy 5.8%, UK 4.6% (2007)
Kyrgyzstan Russia 40.5%, China 14.7%, Kazakhstan 12.9%, Uzbekistan 5% (2007)
Laos Thailand 68.5%, China 9.3%, Vietnam 5.5% (2007)
Latvia Germany 15.1%, Lithuania 13.8%, Russia 8.7%, Estonia 8%, Poland 6.9%, Finland 5.1%, Sweden 4.9% (2007)
Lebanon Syria 12.1%, Italy 8.5%, France 8.3%, US 7%, China 5.9%, Germany 5.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2007)
Lesotho China 30%, Hong Kong 29.6%, India 10%, South Korea 6.6%, Germany 6.4%, Pakistan 4.6% (2007)
Liberia South Korea 31.4%, Singapore 22.1%, Japan 14.9%, China 10.1% (2007)
Libya Italy 18.9%, Germany 7.7%, China 7.3%, Tunisia 6.8%, France 5.7%, Turkey 5.4%, US 4.3% (2007)
Liechtenstein EU, Switzerland (2006)
Lithuania Russia 18%, Germany 15%, Poland 10.6%, Latvia 5.5%, Netherlands 4.3% (2007)
Luxembourg Belgium 27.4%, Germany 23.8%, China 17.1%, France 9.2%, Netherlands 5% (2007)
Macau China 42.6%, Hong Kong 10.1%, Japan 9%, US 5.6%, Germany 4.4%, France 4.2% (2007)
Macedonia Germany 13.2%, Greece 12.9%, Bulgaria 9.6%, Serbia and Montenegro 7.7%, Turkey 6.6%, Italy 6.3%, Slovenia 5% (2007)
Madagascar France 13.6%, China 13%, Iran 8.1%, South Africa 6.4%, Hong Kong 4.9%, Mauritius 4.8% (2007)
Malawi South Africa 36.1%, India 8.5%, Tanzania 6.1%, US 6.1%, China 4.9% (2007)
Malaysia Japan 13%, China 12.9%, Singapore 11.5%, US 10.8%, Taiwan 5.7%, Thailand 5.3%, South Korea 4.9%, Germany 4.6%, Indonesia 4.2% (2007)
Maldives Canada 35.2%, Singapore 15%, UAE 10.2%, India 7.4%, Malaysia 7.1% (2007)
Mali France 12.9%, Senegal 12.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.9%, China 4.9% (2007)
Malta Italy 26%, UK 15%, France 9.5%, Germany 8.8%, Singapore 5.2% (2007)
Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2006)
Mauritania France 16.5%, China 8.1%, Spain 6.7%, US 6.1%, Belgium 5.8%, Brazil 5.7% (2007)
Mauritius India 21.2%, China 11.4%, France 10.7%, South Africa 7.4% (2007)
Mayotte France 49%, Seychelles 8.8%, China 4.1% (2006)
Mexico US 49.6%, China 10.5%, Japan 5.8%, South Korea 4.5% (2007)
Micronesia, Federated States of US, Japan, Hong Kong (2006)
Moldova Russia 20.5%, Ukraine 15.8%, Romania 15%, Germany 8.7%, Italy 5.7%, Poland 4.1% (2007)
Mongolia China 32%, Russia 29.4%, South Korea 7.9%, Japan 7.2% (2007)
Montenegro Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2006)
Montserrat US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (2006)
Morocco France 16.1%, Spain 13.6%, China 7.3%, Italy 6.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, Germany 5.9%, US 4.5%, Netherlands 4.1% (2007)
Mozambique South Africa 36.7%, Australia 8.5%, China 4.6% (2007)
Namibia South Africa 85.2%, US (2006)
Nauru South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2006)
Nepal India 58.9%, China 13.6%, Japan 1.6% (2007)
Netherlands Germany 17.7%, China 10.5%, Belgium 9.3%, US 7.3%, UK 5.8%, Russia 5.1%, France 4.4% (2007)
Netherlands Antilles Venezuela 59.1%, US 17.7%, Brazil 7.1% (2007)
New Caledonia France 36.7%, Singapore 14.7%, Australia 12.1%, NZ 5.2%, Germany 4.6% (2007)
New Zealand Australia 20.7%, China 13.4%, US 9.7%, Japan 9.5%, Singapore 4.9%, Germany 4.7% (2007)
Nicaragua US 22.5%, Mexico 13.5%, Costa Rica 8.4%, Venezuela 6.4%, Guatemala 6.2%, El Salvador 4.8% (2007)
Niger France 15.9%, French Polynesia 8.8%, Nigeria 8.6%, Belgium 8.6%, US 6.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.6% (2007)
Nigeria China 10.6%, Netherlands 7.9%, US 7.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 5.7%, France 4.3%, Brazil 4.2%, Germany 4.1% (2007)
Niue New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2006)
Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006)
Northern Mariana Islands US, Japan (2006)
Norway Sweden 14.7%, Germany 13.6%, UK 6.9%, Denmark 6.4%, China 6.1%, US 4.8%, Canada 4.3% (2007)
Oman UAE 19.3%, Japan 17.6%, US 7.4%, Germany 5.2%, India 4.1% (2007)
Pakistan China 16.2%, Saudi Arabia 10.9%, UAE 10.1%, US 5.7%, Kuwait 4.9%, Japan 4.4% (2007)
Palau US, Singapore, Japan, South Korea (2006)
Panama US 32.8%, Netherlands Antilles 7.6%, China 5.6%, Japan 5.1%, Costa Rica 5.1%, South Korea 4.1% (2007)
Papua New Guinea Australia 51.3%, Singapore 11.6%, China 7.9%, Japan 5.7% (2007)
Paraguay Brazil 30.4%, US 22.8%, Argentina 14.4%, China 8.6% (2007)
Peru US 20.5%, China 10.8%, Brazil 9%, Ecuador 6.1%, Argentina 5.6%, Chile 5%, Colombia 4.8% (2007)
Philippines US 14.1%, Japan 12.3%, Singapore 11.2%, Taiwan 7.3%, China 7.2%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, South Korea 5.9%, Malaysia 4.1%, Thailand 4.1% (2007)
Poland Germany 29%, Russia 8.7%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 5.7%, France 5.1%, China 4.2% (2007)
Portugal Spain 29.5%, Germany 12.9%, France 8.4%, Italy 5.2%, Netherlands 4.6% (2007)
Puerto Rico US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2006)
Qatar US 13.3%, Italy 10.8%, Japan 8.9%, France 7.9%, Germany 7.3%, UK 5.7%, South Korea 5.6%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.3% (2007)
Romania Germany 17.2%, Italy 12.8%, Hungary 6.9%, Russia 6.3%, France 6.2%, Turkey 5.4%, Austria 4.8% (2007)
Russia Germany 13.3%, China 12.2%, Ukraine 6.7%, Japan 6.4%, US 4.8%, Belarus 4.4%, South Korea 4.4%, Italy 4.3% (2007)
Rwanda Kenya 19.6%, Uganda 6.9%, Germany 6.2%, Belgium 5.9%, China 5% (2007)
Saint Helena UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2006)
Saint Kitts and Nevis US 47.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.3%, UK 5.6% (2007)
Saint Lucia Brazil 63.6%, US 10.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.2% (2007)
Saint Martin US, Mexico (2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2006)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Singapore 15.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.9%, Italy 13.3%, US 13%, China 5% (2007)
Samoa NZ 22.1%, Fiji 17.2%, Singapore 16.1%, Australia 7.9%, Japan 6.8%, Indonesia 5.4%, US 5.3% (2007)
Sao Tome and Principe Portugal 62.2%, US 11.6%, Gabon 4.5% (2007)
Saudi Arabia US 12.6%, China 9.4%, Germany 8.8%, Japan 8.1%, Italy 5%, South Korea 4.9%, UK 4.5% (2007)
Senegal France 22.2%, Netherlands 10%, China 7.4%, UK 6.2%, Thailand 5.2%, Belgium 4.5% (2007)
Seychelles Saudi Arabia 17.6%, Germany 10.8%, France 8.1%, Spain 7.6%, South Africa 6.4%, Singapore 5.8% (2007)
Sierra Leone Cote d'Ivoire 10%, China 10%, US 9.5%, UK 6.2%, Netherlands 5.1%, India 4.7% (2007)
Singapore Malaysia 13.1%, US 12.5%, China 12.1%, Japan 8.2%, Taiwan 5.9%, Indonesia 5.6%, South Korea 4.9% (2007)
Slovakia Germany 22.1%, Czech Republic 17.3%, Russia 9.2%, Hungary 6.7%, Austria 5.1%, Poland 4.9%, South Korea 4.7% (2007)
Slovenia Germany 18.1%, Italy 17.1%, Austria 11.7%, France 5%, Croatia 4.6% (2007)
Solomon Islands Singapore 28.2%, Australia 25.4%, Japan 4.6%, NZ 4.5%, Fiji 4% (2007)
Somalia Djibouti 34.4%, India 9.1%, Kenya 9%, Oman 6%, UAE 5.6%, Yemen 5.5% (2007)
South Africa Germany 10.9%, China 10%, Spain 8.2%, US 7.2%, Japan 6.1%, UK 4.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.2% (2007)
Spain Germany 15.7%, France 12.7%, Italy 8.4%, China 5.8%, UK 4.8%, Netherlands 4.6% (2007)
Sri Lanka India 23.1%, Singapore 9.9%, China 8.2%, Iran 7.5%, Hong Kong 6.4% (2007)
Sudan China 27.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.5%, India 6.3%, Egypt 5.6%, UAE 5.5%, Japan 4.2% (2007)
Suriname US 27%, Netherlands 17.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.3%, China 5.9%, Japan 5.1% (2007)
Swaziland South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9% (2006)
Sweden Germany 18.4%, Denmark 9.2%, Norway 8.3%, UK 6.8%, Finland 6.1%, Netherlands 5.8%, France 5%, China 4.3%, Belgium 4.1% (2007)
Switzerland Germany 32.6%, Italy 10.8%, France 9.5%, US 5.8%, Netherlands 4.6%, Austria 4.2%, UK 4.2% (2007)
Syria Saudi Arabia 12%, China 8.7%, Egypt 6.2%, Italy 6%, UAE 5.9%, Ukraine 4.8%, Russia 4.8%, Germany 4.7%, Iran 4.3% (2007)
Taiwan Japan 22.7%, US 13.3%, China 11.2%, South Korea 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.8%, Singapore 4.6% (2007)
Tajikistan Russia 32.1%, Kazakhstan 13.1%, China 10.8%, Uzbekistan 8.4% (2007)
Tanzania China 12%, Kenya 8%, South Africa 7.7%, India 6.9%, UAE 5.9% (2007)
Thailand Japan 20.3%, China 11.6%, US 6.8%, Malaysia 6.2%, UAE 4.9%, Singapore 4.5%, Taiwan 4.1% (2007)
Togo China 36.3%, Estonia 9.6%, US 7.6%, Netherlands 7.3%, France 7% (2007)
Tokelau New Zealand (2006)
Tonga Fiji 32.5%, NZ 27.5%, US 9%, Australia 7.4%, China 5% (2007)
Trinidad and Tobago US 28.2%, Brazil 11%, Venezuela 8.2%, Colombia 5.4%, Gabon 4.9%, China 4.2% (2007)
Tunisia France 23.8%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 9.7%, Spain 5%, Libya 4.4% (2007)
Turkey Russia 13.8%, Germany 10.3%, China 7.8%, Italy 5.9%, US 4.8%, France 4.6% (2007)
Turkmenistan UAE 14.3%, Russia 11.6%, Turkey 10.3%, China 9.1%, Ukraine 8.7%, Iran 7%, Germany 6.5%, US 5.6% (2007)
Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK (2006)
Tuvalu Fiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1% (2006)
Uganda Kenya 31.8%, China 7.8%, UAE 7.7%, South Africa 5.9%, India 5.2%, Japan 4.8% (2007)
Ukraine Russia 23.9%, Germany 11.8%, China 8.5%, Poland 8.1%, Turkmenistan 5.4% (2007)
United Arab Emirates China 12.8%, India 10%, US 8.7%, Japan 6.1%, Germany 5.9%, UK 5.3%, Italy 4.6% (2007)
United Kingdom Germany 14.2%, US 8.6%, China 7.3%, Netherlands 7.3%, France 6.9%, Belgium 4.7%, Norway 4.7%, Italy 4.2% (2007)
United States China 16.9%, Canada 15.7%, Mexico 10.6%, Japan 7.4%, Germany 4.8% (2007)
Uruguay Brazil 19.1%, Argentina 17.9%, US 9.5%, China 9.1%, Paraguay 7.7%, Nigeria 4.7% (2007)
Uzbekistan Russia 30.1%, China 13.3%, South Korea 13%, Germany 6.3%, Kazakhstan 6.2%, Ukraine 4% (2007)
Vanuatu Australia 20.7%, Singapore 11.8%, NZ 11.2%, Norway 8.5%, US 8.3%, Fiji 8.1%, China 7.2%, New Caledonia 4.5% (2007)
Venezuela US 26.6%, Colombia 13.5%, Brazil 9.5%, China 6.7%, Mexico 5.2%, Panama 5% (2007)
Vietnam China 19.9%, Singapore 12.1%, Taiwan 11%, Japan 9.9%, South Korea 8.5%, Thailand 6% (2007)
Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico (2006)
Wallis and Futuna France 97%, Australia 2%, NZ 1% (2006)
West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2006)
Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)
World China 10.7%, Germany 9.23%, US 8.28%, Japan 5.14%, France 3.99% (2007)
Yemen UAE 15.1%, China 11.6%, US 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, Kuwait 5.3%, Germany 4.8% (2007)
Zambia South Africa 47.4%, UAE 6.3%, China 6%, India 4.1%, UK 4% (2007)
Zimbabwe South Africa 50.7%, China 8.4%, US 4.5%, Botswana 4.3% (2007)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2062 Economic aid - donor
Australia ODA, $2.123 billion (2006)
Austria ODA, $1.498 billion (2006)
Belgium ODA, $1.978 billion (2006)
Canada ODA, $3.9 billion (2007)
Cyprus $25.9 million (2006)
Denmark ODA, $2.236 billion (2006)
Finland ODA, $1.023 billion (2007)
France ODA, $10.6 billion (2006)
Germany ODA, $10.44 billion (2006)
Greece $424 million (2006)
Iceland $6.7 million (2004)
Ireland ODA, $1.022 billion (2006)
Italy ODA, $3.641 billion (2006)
Japan ODA, $11.19 billion (2006)
Korea, South ODA, $455.3 million (2006)
Luxembourg ODA, $291 million (2006)
Netherlands ODA, $5.452 billion (2006)
New Zealand ODA, $259 million (2006)
Norway ODA, $2.954 billion (2006)
Portugal ODA, $396 million (2006)
Saudi Arabia since 2002, Saudi Arabia has provided more than $480 million in budgetary support to the Palestinian Authority, supported Palestinian refugees through contributions to the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), provided more than $250 million to Arab League funds for the Palestinians, and pledged $500 million in assistance over the next three years at the Donors Conference in Dec 2007; pledged $230 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq; pledged $133 million in direct grant aid, $187 million in concessional loans, and $153 million in export credits for Pakistan earthquake relief; pledged a total of $1.59 billion to Lebanon in assistance and deposits to the Central Bank of Lebanon in 2006 and pledged an additional $1.1 billion in early 2007
Spain ODA, $3.814 billion (2006)
Sweden ODA, $3.955 billion (2006)
Switzerland ODA, $1.646 billion (2006)
United Arab Emirates since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)
United Kingdom ODA, $12.46 billion (2006)
United States ODA, $23.53 billion (2006)
This page was last updated on 13 November 2008
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@2063 Constitution
Afghanistan new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004
Akrotiri Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document
Albania adopted by popular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998
Algeria 8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, 28 November 1996, and 12 November 2008
American Samoa ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967
Andorra Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993
Angola adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992
Anguilla Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981
Argentina 1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860
Armenia adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005
Aruba 1 January 1986
Australia 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria 1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; note - during the period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative) constitution in place
Azerbaijan adopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The 10 July 1973
Bahrain adopted 14 February 2002
Bangladesh 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times
Barbados 30 November 1966
Belarus 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits
Belgium 7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state
Belize 21 September 1981
Benin adopted by referendum 2 December 1990
Bermuda 8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutan ratified 23 July 2008
Bolivia 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994; possible referendum on new constitution to be held in 2008
Bosnia and Herzegovina the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995 in Paris, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
Botswana March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil 5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands 13 June 2007
Brunei 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Bulgaria adopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso 2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; last amended January 2002
Burma 30 May 2008
Burundi 28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum
Cambodia promulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon 20 May 1972 approved by referendum, adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996
Canada made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verde 25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Cayman Islands 1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994
Central African Republic ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004
Chad passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
Chile 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005
China most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas Island Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23 November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Colombia 5 July 1991; amended many times
Comoros 23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 February 2006
Congo, Republic of the approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands 4 August 1965
Costa Rica 7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoire approved by referendum 23 July 2000
Croatia adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba 24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus 16 August 1960 note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country other than Turkey
Czech Republic ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Denmark 5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document
Djibouti multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Dominica 3 November 1978
Dominican Republic 28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
Ecuador 10 August 1998
Egypt 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26 March 2007
El Salvador 20 December 1983
Equatorial Guinea approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
Eritrea a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented
Estonia adopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopia ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Union based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form; this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a constitution and was presented to the European Council in October 2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Faroe Islands 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fiji enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998
Finland 1 March 2000
France adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958 note: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum
French Polynesia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabon adopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997
Georgia adopted 24 August 1995
Germany 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united Germany 3 October 1990
Ghana approved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar 5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
Greece 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada 19 December 1973
Guam Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950
Guatemala 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernsey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau 16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and in 1996
Guyana 6 October 1980
Haiti approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006
Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times
Hong Kong Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India 26 January 1950; amended many times
Indonesia August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
Iran 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraq ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum )
Ireland adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Isle of Man unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Israel no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, and Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft constitution
Italy passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times
Jamaica 6 August 1962
Japan 3 May 1947
Jersey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan 1 January 1952; amended many times
Kazakhstan first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - a new draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005
Kiribati 12 July 1979
Korea, North adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, and September 1998
Korea, South 17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
Kosovo ratified 9 April 2008; effective 15 June 2008
Kuwait approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations in November 2006, President BAKIEV and the opposition negotiated a new constitution granting greater powers to the parliament and the government; amendments added on 30 December 2006 redistributed some power back to the president, but both November and December 2006 versions were annulled in September 2007, and a new version was approved by referendum on 21 October 2007; the BAKIEV-initiated referendum was criticized by Western observers for voting irregularities, particularly ballot stuffing
Laos promulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia 15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21 August 1991; multiple amendments since
Lebanon 23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Lesotho 2 April 1993
Liberia 6 January 1986
Libya none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
Liechtenstein 5 October 1921
Lithuania adopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg 17 October 1868; occasional revisions
Macau Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedonia adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary
Madagascar 19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi 18 May 1994
Malaysia 31 August 1957 (amended many times, latest in 2007)
Maldives new constitution ratified 7 August 2008
Mali adopted 12 January 1992
Malta 1964 constitution; amended many times
Marshall Islands 1 May 1979
Mauritania 12 July 1991
Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico 5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979
Moldova new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
Monaco 17 December 1962
Mongolia 12 February 1992
Montenegro 19 October 2007 (approved by the Assembly)
Montserrat effective 19 December 1989
Morocco 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique 30 November 1990
Namibia ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Nepal 9 November 1990; note - a new interim constitution was promulgated in January 2007; the November 2006 peace agreement calls for the election of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new permanent constitution
Netherlands adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
New Caledonia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua 9 January 1987; reforms in 1995, 2000, and 2005
Niger new constitution adopted 18 July 1999
Nigeria new constitution adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
Northern Mariana Islands Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986
Norway 17 May 1814; amended many times
Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007
Palau 1 January 1981
Panama 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004
Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975
Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru 29 December 1993
Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
Poland adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997
Portugal adopted 2 April 1976; note - subsequent revisions of the Constitution placed the military under strict civilian control, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; as well, they allowed for the privatization of nationalized firms and the government-owned communications media
Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Qatar ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Romania 8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003
Russia adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
Saint Barthelemy 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Helena 1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983
Saint Lucia 22 February 1979
Saint Martin 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979
Samoa 1 January 1962
San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
Saudi Arabia governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree in 1992
Senegal adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
Seychelles 18 June 1993
Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands 7 July 1978
Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
South Africa 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 4 February 1997
Spain approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978
Sudan constitution implemented on 30 June 1998, partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Sudan signed December 2005
Suriname ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987
Swaziland signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8 February 2006
Sweden 1 January 1975
Switzerland revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Syria 13 March 1973
Taiwan 25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005 note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on 25 December 1947
Tajikistan 6 November 1994
Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL) on 24 August 2007
Timor-Leste 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Togo multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970
Tonga 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976
Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Turkey 7 November 1982
Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)
Tuvalu 1 October 1978
Uganda 8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system
Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Uzbekistan adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu 30 July 1980
Venezuela 30 December 1999
Vietnam 15 April 1992
Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia 24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Zimbabwe 21 December 1979
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
======================================================================
@2064 Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistan $2.775 billion (2005)
Albania ODA: $318.7 million note: top donors were Italy, EU, Germany (2005 est.)
Algeria $370.6 million (2005 est.)
American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994
Andorra $0
Angola $441.8 million (2005)
Anguilla $9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda $7.23 million (2005)
Argentina $99.66 million (2005)
Armenia ODA, $180 million (2007)
Aruba $11.3 million (2004)
Azerbaijan ODA, $223.4 million (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The $4.78 million (2004)
Bahrain $103.9 million (2004)
Bangladesh $1.321 billion (2005)
Barbados $2.07 million (2005)
Belarus $53.76 million (2005)
Belize $12.91 million (2005)
Benin $374.7 million (2006)
Bermuda $90,000 (2004)
Bhutan $941.2 million; note - substantial aid from India (2006)
Bolivia $582.9 million (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $546.1 million (2005 est.)
Botswana $70.89 million (2005)
Brazil $191.9 million (2005)
British Virgin Islands $NA
Brunei $770,000 (2004)
Bulgaria $742 million (2005-06 est.)
Burkina Faso $659.6 million (2005)
Burma $144.7 million (2005 est.)
Burundi $365 million (2005)
Cambodia $698.2 million pledged in grants and concession loans for 2007 by international donors (2007)
Cameroon $413.8 million (2005)
Cape Verde $160.6 million (2005)
Cayman Islands $390,000 (2004)
Central African Republic ODA, $95.29 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2005 est.)
Chad ODA, $379.8 million (2005)
Chile $0 (2006)
China $1.641 billion (FY07)
Christmas Island $NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA
Colombia $511.1 million (2005)
Comoros $25.23 million (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $1.828 billion (2005)
Congo, Republic of the $1.449 billion (2005)
Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Costa Rica $29.51 million (2005)
Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $60 million (2007 est.)
Croatia ODA, $125.4 million (2005)
Cuba $87.8 million (2005 est.)
Cyprus $15 million (2006)
Czech Republic $278.7 million in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Djibouti $78.6 million (2005)
Dominica $15.17 million (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic $76.99 million (2005)
Ecuador $209.5 million (2005)
Egypt ODA, $925.9 million (2005)
El Salvador $267.6 million of which $55 million from US (2005)
Equatorial Guinea $39 million (2005)
Eritrea $355.2 million (2005)
Estonia $135.5 million (2004)
Ethiopia $1.6 billion (FY05/06)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $0 (1997 est.)
Faroe Islands $105 million; note - annual subsidy from Denmark (2005)
Fiji $63.96 million (2005)
French Polynesia $579.8 million (2004)
Gabon $53.87 million (2005)
Gambia, The $58.15 million (2005)
Gaza Strip $1.4 billion; (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
Georgia ODA, $309.8 million (2005 est.)
Ghana $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)
Gibraltar $NA
Greece $8 billion annually from EU (2000-06); Greece will receive about $3.8 billion per year between 2007-13 under the EU's Community Support Funds IV
Greenland $512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005)
Grenada $44.87 million (2005)
Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)
Guatemala $253.6 million (2005 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $182.1 million (2005)
Guinea-Bissau $79.12 million (2005)
Guyana $136.8 million (2005)
Haiti $515 million (2005 est.)
Honduras $680.8 million (2005)
Hong Kong $6.95 million (2004)
Hungary $302.6 million (2004)
India $1.724 billion (2005)
Indonesia ODA, $2.524 billion (2006 est.) note: Indonesia ended 2006 with $67 billion in official foreign debt (about 25% of GDP), with Japan ($25 billion), the World Bank ($8.5 billion) and the Asian Development Bank ($8.4 billion) as the largest creditors; about $6 billion in grant assistance was pledged to rebuild Aceh after the December 2004 tsunami; President YUDHOYONO disbanded the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI) donor forum in January 2007
Iran $104 million (2005 est.)
Iraq $21.65 billion (2005)
Isle of Man $NA
Israel $240 million from US (FY06)
Jamaica $35.74 million (2005)
Jordan ODA, $752 million (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan $229.2 million (2005)
Kenya $768.3 million (2005)
Kiribati $27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005)
Korea, North $372 million note: approximately 65,000 metric tons in food aid through the World Food Program appeals in 2007, plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations (2007 est.)
Korea, South $68.07 million (2004)
Kosovo $324 million (2007)
Kuwait $2.6 million (2004)
Kyrgyzstan $268.5 million from the US (2005)
Laos $379 million (2006 est.)
Latvia $162 million (2004)
Lebanon of the $7.6 billion in grants and loans pledged to Lebanon at the Paris III conference in January 2007, Beirut as of mid-December 2007 had signed agreements for $3 billion, including $1 billion in project financing, $750 million in direct budget support, $750 million in private sector credit, and $285 million in in-kind aid; about $500 million of the $1.7 billion pledged for direct budget support has been disbursed to Lebanon; donors in August 2006 also pledged nearly $1.8 billion in aid to help Lebanon recover from the 2006 Israel-Hizballah war; during the conflict, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait provided $1.5 billion in concessional loans to the Lebanese central bank to maintain confidence in the Lebanese currency. (2005)
Lesotho $68.82 million (2005)
Liberia $236.2 million (2005)
Libya ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)
Lithuania $249.7 million (2004)
Macau $13.7 million (2004)
Macedonia $230.3 million (2005)
Madagascar $929.2 million (2005)
Malawi $575.3 million (2005)
Malaysia $31.6 million (2005)
Maldives $66.83 million (2005)
Mali $691.5 million (2005)
Malta $6.19 million (2004)
Marshall Islands $56.56 million (2005)
Mauritania $190.4 million (2005)
Mauritius $31.93 million (2005)
Mayotte $201.3 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (2005)
Mexico $189.4 million (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of $106.4 million (2005)
Moldova $191.8 million (2005)
Monaco $NA
Mongolia $159.5 million (2006)
Montenegro $NA
Montserrat Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
Morocco ODA, $651.8 million (2005)
Mozambique $1.286 billion (2005)
Namibia ODA, $123.4 million (2005 est.)
Nauru $20 million mostly from Australia (2005)
Nepal $427.9 million (2005)
Netherlands Antilles $21.32 million (2004)
New Caledonia $524.3 million annual subsidy from France (2004)
Nicaragua $471 million (2006 est.)
Niger $515.4 million (2005)
Nigeria $6.437 billion (2005)
Niue $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island $NA
Northern Mariana Islands extensive funding from US
Oman $30.68 million (2005)
Pakistan $1.666 billion (2005)
Palau $23.46 million (2005)
Panama $19.54 million (2005)
Papua New Guinea $266.1 million (2005)
Paraguay $51.09 million (2005)
Peru $397.8 million (2005)
Philippines ODA, $451.4 million in commitments (2006)
Pitcairn Islands $3.465 million (2004)
Poland $1.524 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Puerto Rico $NA
Qatar $2.18 million (2004)
Romania $914.3 million (2004)
Russia $982.7 million in FY06 from US, including $847 million in non-proliferation subsidies
Rwanda $576 million (2005)
Saint Helena $29.56 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $3.52 million (2005)
Saint Lucia $11.06 million (2005)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $4.89 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (2005)
Samoa $43.95 million (2005)
San Marino $NA
Sao Tome and Principe $31.9 million in December 2000 under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) program (2005)
Saudi Arabia $26.29 million (2005)
Senegal $477 million (2007 est.)
Serbia $2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro (disbursements to follow over several years; some aid pledged by EU and US has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by Serbia in handing over General Ratko MLADIC to the criminal court in The Hague)
Seychelles $18.81 million (2005)
Sierra Leone $343.4 million (2005 est.)
Singapore $0 (2007)
Slovakia $235 million in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Slovenia ODA, $484 million (2004-06)
Solomon Islands $198.2 million annually, mainly from Australia (2005 est.)
Somalia $236.4 million (2005 est.)
South Africa $700 million (2005)
Sri Lanka $1.189 billion (2005)
Sudan $1.829 billion (2005)
Suriname $43.97 million (2005)
Svalbard $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Swaziland $46.03 million (2005)
Syria $213 million (2008 est.)
Tajikistan $241.4 million from US (2005)
Tanzania $1.505 billion (2005)
Thailand $171.1 million (2005)
Timor-Leste $184.7 million (2005 est.)
Togo ODA, $86.71 million (2005 est.)
Tonga $31.75 million (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago $200,000 (2007 est.)
Tunisia $376.5 million (2005)
Turkey ODA, $464 million (2005)
Turkmenistan $28.25 million from the US (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islands $4.1 million (1997)
Tuvalu $10.49 million note: includes distributions from the Tuvalu Trust Fund (2006)
Uganda $1.198 billion (2005)
Ukraine $409.6 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (2005)
United Arab Emirates $5.36 million (2004)
Uruguay $14.62 million (2005)
Uzbekistan $172.3 million from the US (2005)
Vanuatu $39.48 million (2005)
Venezuela $48.66 million (2005)
Vietnam $5.4 billion in credits and grants pledged by the 2007 Consultative Group meeting in Hanoi (2007)
Virgin Islands $NA
Wallis and Futuna assistance from France, $NA
West Bank $1.4 billion; (includes Gaza Strip) (2006 est.)
Western Sahara $NA
World ODA, $106.4 billion (2005)
Yemen $2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)
Zambia $504 million (2007)
Zimbabwe $367.7 million (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 13 November 2008
======================================================================
@2065 Currency (code)
Afghanistan afghani (AFA)
Akrotiri euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound (CYP) formerly used
Albania lek (ALL) note: the plural of lek is leke
Algeria Algerian dinar (DZD)
American Samoa US dollar (USD)
Andorra euro (EUR)
Angola kwanza (AOA)
Anguilla East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Argentina Argentine peso (ARS)
Armenia dram (AMD)
Aruba Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)
Australia Australian dollar (AUD)
Austria euro (EUR)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat (AZN)
Bahamas, The Bahamian dollar (BSD)
Bahrain Bahraini dinar (BHD)
Bangladesh taka (BDT)
Barbados Barbadian dollar (BBD)
Belarus Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
Belgium euro (EUR)
Belize Belizean dollar (BZD)
Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Bermuda Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Bhutan ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)
Bolivia boliviano (BOB)
Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) (BAM)
Botswana pula (BWP)
Brazil real (BRL)
British Indian Ocean Territory US Dollar (USD)
British Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Brunei Bruneian dollar (BND)
Bulgaria lev (BGN)
Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Burma kyat (MMK)
Burundi Burundi franc (BIF)
Cambodia riel (KHR)
Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Canada Canadian dollar (CAD)
Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Cayman Islands Caymanian dollar (KYD)
Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chile Chilean peso (CLP)
China Renminbi (RMB); note - also referred to by the unit yuan (CNY)
Christmas Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollar (AUD)
Colombia Colombian peso (COP)
Comoros Comoran franc (KMF)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese franc (CDF)
Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Cook Islands NZ dollar (NZD)
Costa Rica Costa Rican colon (CRC)
Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Croatia kuna (HRK)
Cuba Cuban peso (CUP) and Convertible peso (CUC)
Cyprus Cypriot pound (CYP); euro (EUR) after 1 January 2008
Czech Republic Czech koruna (CZK)
Denmark Danish krone (DKK)
Dhekelia euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound (CYP) formerly used
Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Dominica East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Dominican Republic Dominican peso (DOP)
Ecuador US dollar (USD)
Egypt Egyptian pound (EGP)
El Salvador US dollar (USD)
Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Eritrea nakfa (ERN)
Estonia Estonian kroon (EEK)
Ethiopia birr (ETB)
European Union euro, British pound, Bulgarian lev, Czech koruna, Danish krone, Estonian kroon, Hungarian forint, Latvian lat, Lithuanian litas, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Slovak koruna, Swedish krona
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pound (FKP)
Faroe Islands Danish krone (DKK)
Fiji Fijian dollar (FJD)
Finland euro (EUR)
France euro (EUR)
French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Gambia, The dalasi (GMD)
Gaza Strip new Israeli shekel (ILS)
Georgia lari (GEL)
Germany euro (EUR)
Ghana Ghana cedi (GHC)
Gibraltar Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Greece euro (EUR)
Greenland Danish krone (DKK)
Grenada East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Guam US dollar (USD)
Guatemala quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed
Guernsey Guernsey pound note: the British pound is also legal tender
Guinea Guinean franc (GNF)
Guinea-Bissau Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Guyana Guyanese dollar (GYD)
Haiti gourde (HTG)
Holy See (Vatican City) euro (EUR)
Honduras lempira (HNL)
Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar (HKD)
Hungary forint (HUF)
Iceland Icelandic krona (ISK)
India Indian rupee (INR)
Indonesia Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Iran Iranian rial (IRR)
Iraq New Iraqi dinar (NID) as of 22 January 2004
Ireland euro (EUR)
Isle of Man Isle of Man pound (IMP), also known as the Manx pound note: the British pound is also legal tender, but change is given in IMP
Israel new Israeli shekel (ILS); note - NIS is the currency abbreviation; ILS is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) code for the NIS
Italy euro (EUR)
Jamaica Jamaican dollar (JMD)
Japan yen (JPY)
Jersey Jersey pound note: the British pound is also legal tender
Jordan Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Kazakhstan tenge (KZT)
Kenya Kenyan shilling (KES)
Kiribati Australian dollar (AUD)
Korea, North North Korean won (KPW)
Korea, South South Korean won (KRW)
Kosovo euro (EUR); Serbian Dinar (RSD) is also in circulation
Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar (KD)
Kyrgyzstan som (KGS)
Laos kip (LAK)
Latvia lat (LVL)
Lebanon Lebanese pound (LBP)
Lesotho loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)
Liberia Liberian dollar (LRD)
Libya Libyan dinar (LYD)
Liechtenstein Swiss franc (CHF)
Lithuania litas (LTL)
Luxembourg euro (EUR)
Macau pataca (MOP)
Macedonia Macedonian denar (MKD)
Madagascar ariary (MGA)
Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Malaysia ringgit (MYR)
Maldives rufiyaa (MVR)
Mali Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Malta euro (EUR) as of 1 January 2008; Maltese lira (MTL) before then
Marshall Islands US dollar (USD)
Mauritania ouguiya (MRO)
Mauritius Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Mayotte euro (EUR)
Mexico Mexican peso (MXN)
Micronesia, Federated States of US dollar (USD)
Moldova Moldovan leu (MDL)
Monaco euro (EUR)
Mongolia togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Montenegro euro (EUR)
Montserrat East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Morocco Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Mozambique metical (MZM)
Namibia Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)
Nauru Australian dollar (AUD)
Nepal Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Netherlands euro (EUR)
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
New Caledonia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
New Zealand New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Nicaragua gold cordoba (NIO)
Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Nigeria naira (NGN)
Niue New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Norfolk Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Northern Mariana Islands US dollar (USD)
Norway Norwegian krone (NOK)
Oman Omani rial (OMR)
Pakistan Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Palau US dollar (USD)
Panama balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)
Papua New Guinea kina (PGK)
Paraguay guarani (PYG)
Peru nuevo sol (PEN)
Philippines Philippine peso (PHP)
Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Poland zloty (PLN)
Portugal euro (EUR)
Puerto Rico US dollar (USD)
Qatar Qatari rial (QAR)
Romania "new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005; "old" leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; note - because of currency revaluation, 10,000 ROL = 1 RON
Russia Russian ruble (RUB)
Rwanda Rwandan franc (RWF)
Saint Barthelemy euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used
Saint Helena Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Martin euro (EUR); note - US dollar (USD) widely used
Saint Pierre and Miquelon euro (EUR)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Samoa tala (SAT)
San Marino euro (EUR)
Sao Tome and Principe dobra (STD)
Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal (SAR)
Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Serbia Serbian dinar (RSD)
Seychelles Seychelles rupee (SCR)
Sierra Leone leone (SLL)
Singapore Singapore dollar (SGD)
Slovakia Slovak koruna (SKK)
Slovenia euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 2007, the euro became Slovenia's currency; both the tolar and the euro were in circulation from 1 January until 15 January 2007
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)
Somalia Somali shilling (SOS)
South Africa rand (ZAR)
Spain euro (EUR)
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Sudan Sudanese pounds (SDG)
Suriname Surinam dollar (SRD)
Svalbard Norwegian krone (NOK)
Swaziland lilangeni (SZL)
Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)
Switzerland Swiss franc (CHF)
Syria Syrian pound (SYP)
Taiwan New Taiwan dollar (TWD)
Tajikistan somoni (TJS)
Tanzania Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Thailand baht (THB)
Timor-Leste US dollar (USD)
Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Tokelau New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Tonga pa'anga (TOP)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Tunisia Tunisian dinar (TND)
Turkey Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005
Turkmenistan Turkmen manat (TMM)
Turks and Caicos Islands US dollar (USD)
Tuvalu Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar
Uganda Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Ukraine hryvnia (UAH)
United Arab Emirates Emirati dirham (AED)
United Kingdom British pound (GBP)
United States US dollar (USD)
Uruguay Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Uzbekistan soum (UZS)
Vanuatu vatu (VUV)
Venezuela bolivar (VEB)
Vietnam dong (VND)
Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
West Bank new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Western Sahara Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Yemen Yemeni rial (YER)
Zambia Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 19.56 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Albania 5.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Algeria 4.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
American Samoa 4.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Andorra 5.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Angola 24.44 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Anguilla 4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Argentina 7.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Armenia 8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Aruba 7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Australia 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Austria 9.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Azerbaijan 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bahamas, The 9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bahrain 4.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bangladesh 8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Barbados 8.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belarus 13.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belgium 10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Belize 5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Benin 9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bermuda 7.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bhutan 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bolivia 7.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Botswana 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Brazil 6.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
British Virgin Islands 4.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Brunei 3.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Bulgaria 14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burkina Faso 13.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burma 9.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Burundi 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cambodia 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cameroon 12.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Canada 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cape Verde 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Central African Republic 18.04 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Chad 16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Chile 5.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
China 7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Christmas Island NA (2008 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA (2008 est.)
Colombia 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Comoros 7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 11.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 12.28 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cook Islands NA (2008 est.)
Costa Rica 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 11.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Croatia 11.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cuba 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Cyprus 7.76 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Czech Republic 10.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Denmark 10.25 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Djibouti 19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Dominica 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Dominican Republic 5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ecuador 4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Egypt 5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
El Salvador 5.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Eritrea 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Estonia 13.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ethiopia 11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
European Union 10.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA (2008 est.)
Faroe Islands 8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Fiji 5.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Finland 10 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
France 8.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
French Polynesia 4.67 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gabon 12.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gambia, The 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gaza Strip 3.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Georgia 9.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Germany 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ghana 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Gibraltar 9.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Greece 10.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Greenland 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Grenada 6.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guam 4.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guatemala 5.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guernsey 10.09 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guinea 11.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 16.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Guyana 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Haiti 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Honduras 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Hong Kong 6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Hungary 12.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iceland 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
India 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Indonesia 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iran 5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Iraq 5.14 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ireland 7.77 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Isle of Man 11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Israel 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Italy 10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jamaica 6.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Japan 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jersey 9.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Jordan 2.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kazakhstan 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kenya 10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kiribati 7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Korea, North 7.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Korea, South 5.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kuwait 2.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Laos 11.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Latvia 13.63 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lebanon 6.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lesotho 22.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Liberia 21.45 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Libya 3.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Liechtenstein 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Lithuania 11.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Luxembourg 8.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Macau 3.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Macedonia 8.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Madagascar 8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malawi 17.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malaysia 5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Maldives 3.66 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mali 16.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Malta 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Marshall Islands 4.57 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mauritania 11.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mauritius 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mayotte 7.36 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mexico 4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Moldova 10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Monaco 12.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mongolia 6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Montenegro 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Montserrat 8.86 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Morocco 5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Mozambique 20.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Namibia 14.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nauru 6.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nepal 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Netherlands 8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
New Caledonia 5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
New Zealand 7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nicaragua 4.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Niger 20.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Nigeria 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Niue NA (2008 est.)
Norfolk Island NA (2008 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 2.31 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Norway 9.33 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Oman 3.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Pakistan 7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Palau 6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Panama 4.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Papua New Guinea 6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Paraguay 4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Peru 6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Philippines 5.15 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA (2008 est.)
Poland 9.99 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Portugal 10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Puerto Rico 7.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Qatar 2.47 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Romania 11.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Russia 16.06 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Rwanda 14.46 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Helena 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Lucia 6.71 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Samoa 5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
San Marino 8.37 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Saudi Arabia 2.49 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Senegal 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Seychelles 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sierra Leone 22.26 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Singapore 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Slovakia 9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Slovenia 10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Solomon Islands 3.81 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Somalia 15.89 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
South Africa 16.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Spain 9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sri Lanka 6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sudan 13.64 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Suriname 5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Svalbard NA (2008 est.)
Swaziland 30.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Sweden 10.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Switzerland 8.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Syria 4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Taiwan 6.65 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tajikistan 6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tanzania 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Thailand 7.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Timor-Leste 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Togo 9.48 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tokelau NA (2008 est.)
Tonga 5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 10.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tunisia 5.17 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turkey 6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turkmenistan 6.11 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Tuvalu 6.98 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uganda 12.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Ukraine 15.93 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.13 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United Kingdom 10.05 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
United States 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uruguay 9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Uzbekistan 5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Vanuatu 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Venezuela 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Vietnam 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Virgin Islands 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA (2008 est.)
West Bank 3.7 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Western Sahara 11.74 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
World 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Yemen 7.83 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Zambia 21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Zimbabwe 17.29 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2068 Dependent areas
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
France Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia has been considered a "sui generis" collectivity of France since 1999, a unique status falling between that of an independent country and a French overseas department
Netherlands Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Norway Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United Kingdom Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
United States American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
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@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistan Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to foreign terrorists and other illegal activities
Albania the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania," but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; the mass emigration of unemployed Albanians remains a problem for developed countries, chiefly Greece and Italy
Algeria Algeria, and many other states, rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco
American Samoa Tokelau periodically asserts claims to American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega), such as in its 2006 draft independence constitution
Andorra none
Angola Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006 ceasefire and peace agreement
Anguilla none
Antarctica the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the continent; the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims; no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; the International Whaling Commission created a sancturary around the entire continent to deter catches by countries claiming to conduct scientific whaling; Australia has established a similar preserve in the waters around its territorial claim
Antigua and Barbuda none
Arctic Ocean the littoral states are engaged in various stages of demonstrating the limits of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles from their declared baselines in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has restimulated interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration
Argentina Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims; unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2006, Argentina went to the ICJ to protest, on environmental grounds, the construction of two pulp mills in Uruguay on the Uruguay River, which forms the boundary; both parties presented their pleadings in 2007 with Argentina's reply in January and Uruguay's rejoinder in July 2008; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur)
Armenia Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; Armenians continue to emigrate, primarily to Russia, seeking employment
Aruba none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands as the closest Australian territory to Indonesia, these islands became the target of human traffickers for the landing of illegal immigrants; in 2001, the Australian government removed these islands from the Australian Migration Zone making illegal arrivals ineligible for temporary visas and entry into Australia
Atlantic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Australia Timor-Leste and Australia agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for fifty years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; dispute with Timor-Leste hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia in the Timor Sea; regional states continue to express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime identification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; in 2004 Australia submitted its claims to Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental margins covering over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly thirty percent more than its claimed exclusive economic zone; since 2003, Australia has led the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) to maintain civil and political order and reinforce regional security
Austria while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the newly elected Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closes its nuclear power plant in Temelin, bordering Austria
Azerbaijan Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia have ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue to discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas
Bahamas, The disagrees with the US on the alignment the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary; continues to monitor and interdict drug dealers and Haitian and Cuban refugees in Bahamian waters
Bahrain none
Bangladesh discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange territory for 51 small Bangladeshi exclaves in India and 111 small Indian exclaves in Bangladesh, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's fencing and walling off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint Bangladesh-India boundary commission resurveyed and reconstructed 92 missing pillars in 2007; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; after 21 years, Bangladesh resumes talks with Burma on delimiting a maritime boundary
Barbados Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Belarus Boundary demarcated with Latvia and Lithuania in 2006; 1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing border security
Belgium none
Belize OAS-initiated Agreement on the Framework for Negotiations and Confidence Building Measures saw cooperation in repatriation of Guatemalan squatters and other areas, but Guatemalan land and maritime claims in Belize and the Caribbean Sea remain unresolved; the Line of Adjacency created under the 2002 Differendum serves in lieu of the contiguous international boundary to control squatting in the sparsely inhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; Honduras claims Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays in its constitution but agreed to a joint ecological park under the Differendum
Benin in September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River