Front matter (continued 5)

corregir (i), to correct.

correo, mail, courier; — de gabinete, king's messenger.

correr, to run; peddle; de vuelta de — la sardina, on returning from selling sardines.

correría, expedition.

Correspondencia, prop. noun (name of a Madrid newspaper).

corresponder, to return a favor, make a suitable return; correspond.

corrida; — de toros, bull-fight.

corriente, m., current, course; estar al —, to know, be acquainted (de, with).

corrillo (dim.), group, circle.

corro, group, circle.

corruptela, corruption.

cortar, to cut, cut short, trim; cortado, short (as breathing).

corte, f., court, capital (= Madrid).

cortejar, to court.

cortesía, courtesy.

corteza, bark.

cortina, curtain, veil, drapery.

corto, short; de corta edad, of tender age.

corvo, curved dagger.

cosa, thing, matter; — de, about; gran —, very much, qué —, what; — igual, such a thing.

cosecha, crop, harvest.

coser, to sew.

cosilla (dim. of cosa), little thing, trifle.

costa, coast; expense, price, á —, at the cost.

costado, side; por todos cuatro —s, in every respect.

costar (ue), to cost.

Costa Rica (lit., Rich Coast; a Central American republic), Costa Rica.

costilla, rib; (fig.) wife.

costo, cost, expense.

costumbre, f., custom, habit; de —, usual(ly); tener — de, to be accustomed or wont to.

coyuntura, joint.

craso, gross.

creación, f., creation.

crear, to create.

crecer, to grow, increase.

crecido, large, big, great.

creciente, growing, rising.

crédito, credit, character, reputation.

creer, to believe (in), think; ya lo creo (que), yes, indeed.

crepúsculo, dusk.

cresta, cresting, crest tile.

creyente, m. or f., believer; adj., believing, devout.

creyó, creyeron, pret. of creer.

criado, -a, servant; criada de todos los días, maid of all work.

crianza, good breeding, education.

criar, to create; nourish, raise, bring up.

criatura, creature; (in direct address and familiarly) man alive!

criaturita (dim.), young child.

crimen, m., crime.

crin, f., mane, hair.

crisis, f., crisis, critical moment.

cristal, m., crystal, window-pane.

cristalino, crystalline, clear.

cristiano, Christian.

Cristo, Christ.

criterio, criterion, judgment.

crítico, critic.

crónica, chronicle.

crucecita (dim. of cruz), little cross.

crucero, crossing of nave and transept.

crudo, raw, uncooked, fresh.

crujir, to crack, rattle, creak, squeak.

cruz, f., cross.

cruzar, to cross.

cuadra, stable; land measure (about 1500 feet); —s planas, acres of level land.

cuadrado, square.

cuadrilla, band, gang, troop, company.

cuajado, coagulated; ojos —s, glazed eyes.

cuajar, to coagulate, harden (as the grains of corn).

cual, which, what, like, as; el (la, lo) —, who, which, whom; á — más absurdos, each more absurd than the other; por lo —, therefore; — si, as if.

¿cuál? ¡cual! which, whom, what.

cualquier(a), any, any one; — que, whatever.

cuando (interr. and exclam., cuándo), when; de vez en —; de — en —, now and then; — menos, at least.

cuanto, -a (interr. and exclam., cuánto), how much, (pl.) how many; all that; unos cuantos, a few, some; — más, the more; en —, when; en — á, as for; tanto... —, so much as.

cuarenta, forty.

cuarentón, -a, person forty years old.

cuartel, m., quarters, barracks.

cuartillo, pint (approximately).

cuarto, quarter, fourth (part); room, floor; small copper coin = 3 céntimos.

cuatro, four, a few; hasta las —, until four o'clock; — veces, several times.

cubierta, deck.

cubierto (irr. p. p. of cubrir), covered, sheltered; á —, under shelter.

cubrir, to cover, conceal, spread over; — el expediente, to cloak over the affair.

cucurucho, high pointed paper-cap (worn by the penitents during holy week).

cuchara, spoon.

cuchichear, to whisper.

cuchillada, thrust, blow with a knife.

cuchillo, knife.

cuélgate, imper. sing. of colgarse.

cuello, collar, neck; al —, about (someone's) neck.

cuenta, account, bill; dar —, to give an account; darse — de, to heed, notice; tener —, to be of advantage; os tiene —, it is to your advantage; tomar —, to cross-examine.

cuentecillo (dim. of cuento).

cuento, story.

cuerda, cord.

cuerno, horn.

cuero, leather, skin; en —s vivos, in their bare skins.

cuerpecillo (dim.), little body.

cuerpo, body, corps; — de Telégrafos, Bureau of Telegraphs.

cuervo, raven.

cuesta, hill, slope, steep street.

cuestión, f., question.

cueva, cave.

cuidado, care; ¡—!, take care! look out; — que, oh! but; tener — (de que), to take care (that); — con no..., be careful not to...; estar con —, to worry; — que no faltes, do not fail; — con que te vengas, I want you not to go.

cuidadosamente, carefully.

cuidar, to take care of, look after.

culpa, fault, guilt, crime, blame; tener (la) — (de), to be to blame (for or for it), be guilty.

culpable, blameworthy, guilty.

culto, worship, adoration.

cumplido, large, full; obliging, accomplished, perfect.

cumplimiento, compliment, expression of civility, formality.

cumplir, to carry out, comply, fulfill, perform (one's duty).

cuna, cradle, birthplace.

cundido, filled, lined.

cuota, quota, fixed share; — fija, fixed sum.

cupe, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of caber.

cúpula, dome.

cura, m., priest, parson; Señor —, your Reverence; Cura Párroco, parish priest.

curiosear, to look on curiously.

curiosidad, f., curiosity.

curioso, curious.

curso, course.

curtido, tanned, weather-beaten.

curva, curve.

cutis, m., skin.

cuyo, -a, whose, of whom, of which, which.

CH

chacha (from muchacha), dearie.

Champagne, m., champagne.

chancilla (dim. of chanza), little jest; "for fun".

chanclo, patten; galoche, rubber-shoe.

chaparrón, m., shower.

chaparroncillo (dim.), little shower.

chaqueta, jacket, morning-coat.

chaquetón, m. (aug. of chaqueta), large jacket.

charco, pool.

charla, prattle, chatter.

charlar, to chatter; — por los codos, to prattle.

chasco, fun, joke, trick; dar un —, to play a trick; llevar(se) un —, to be disappointed.

chasquido, cracking (sound), tinkling, jingling.

chico, -a, little, small; noun, child, little boy, little girl.

chicotazo (from chicote, Spanish-American [Chile, Mexico, et al.] for látigo), blow with a whip.

chicuelo (dim.), little one.

Chile, prop. noun (a South-American country consisting of a long and narrow strip of land lying between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. Chile has a length of 2,700 miles, while its width varies from 68 to 250 miles; population, about five millions).

chileno, Chilian.

chillón, -a, shrill.

chimenea, fire-place.

chiquillo, -a (dim. of chico), little (one), little child.

chiquitín, -a (dim.), little fellow, little girl.

chiquitino (dim.), very small.

chiquito, -a (dim. of chico), little, small, tiny; noun, little boy, little girl; hacerse el —, to conceal one's knowledge, affect modesty.

chirrido, grating, squeaking.

chismes, m. pl., gossip, tattling.

chismoso, tale-bearer.

chismosón, -a (aug.), tattler.

chispa, spark; (fig.) bright fellow; —s, fire and flames.

chiste, m., witty saying, joke.

chivito, -a, kid.

chocar (en), to strike (against); —se, to strike against one another.

choque, m., shock, clang, collision.

choricero, sausage-seller.

chorizo, sausage.

chorro, stream, jet, gush.

chuchería, bauble, toy.

chupar, to suck; (coll.) smoke.

churrigueresco, churrigueresque, tawdry (from Churriguera, who introduced into Spain the cheap and tawdry ornamentation of the later Renaissance architecture).

D

D., Da. = don, doña.

dable, easy, possible.

dama, lady.

daño, harm, wrong, injury.

dar, to give, make, strike, show; — á, to face, open on; — á entender, to imply, — con, to find, come to or upon; — de comer, to give food; — en, to fall into (as a habit); — por, to consider; — que hacer á, to keep busy, make for; —se á conocer, to make oneself known; —se á luz, to be visible; no —se por advertido con, to pretend not to know about; dado, given, granting, considering; dándolo como cierto, granting it to be certain; tanto os da de ... como, is as good as; di la vuelta, I turned back; dieron las cuatro, it struck four.

dato, fact; pl., data.

de, of, from, by, with, in, than; del (= de + el) que (— la que, — lo que, etc.), than, of one who.

debajo de, under; por —, under.

deber, m., duty; ante — tan grande, before so momentous a duty.

deber, to owe, must, ought; — de, must; no debía de ser, he could not have been; debía de ser, must have been; debieron causar, they must have caused.

débil, weak, feeble.

debilidad, f., weakness.

débilmente, weakly, poorly.

decaído, low.

decano, dean, director.

decencia, propriety of conduct, good breeding.

decente, respectable, suitable, genteel, decent, proper.

decididamente, intently.

decidir(se), to decide, determine, resolve.

décima, stanza of ten octosyllabic lines.

decir, to tell, say, call; es —, that is to say; querer —, to mean; digo mal, or rather; ¿qué te diré yo? what am I to advise you? dígamelo, tell me (that); digámoslo así, so to speak; ¿he dicho bien? am I right?; diríase, one might say, so to speak.

decisión, f., determination.

declarar, to declare, depose (upon oath).

declinar, to decline.

decoroso, decorous.

decretar, to decree.

dedicar, to dedicate, devote, destine.

dedo, finger, toe.

defecto, defect, failing.

defender(se), to defend, protect, assert, maintain; forbid.

defensa, defence; — propia, self-defence.

degenerar, to degenerate.

dejar, to let, leave, allow, have (used with a p. p.); —(se) de, to leave off, cease, fail, not to; — atrás, to surpass; — en blanco, to omit; — paso, to allow to pass; ¡deja, no más! never mind! déjate de, never mind, cease your.

del = de + el.

delante (de), before, first; por — (de), in front (of); encuentra por —, strikes.

delatar, to denounce, betray, indicate.

deleitoso, delightful, blissful.

delfín, m., dolphin.

delgado, thin, slender, delicate, soft (in agua —a).

deliberadamente, deliberately.

delicadeza, delicateness, scrupulousness, tact, courtesy.

delicado, delicate, tender.

delicioso, delicious.

delincuente, m. or f., offender.

delirar (por), to rave (about), dote (upon).

delirio, delirium.

delito, crime.

demacración, f., emaciation.

demanda, demand.

demás, pl., m. and f. others, rest; n., lo —, the rest; por lo —, furthermore, apart from that.

demasiado, too, too much; — creyente, too firm a believer.

demasías, liberties, rudeness, insults.

demente, m. or f., demented person.

demonio, devil, deuce; con mil —s, the devil (take you).

demora, delay.

demostrar (ue), to show, demonstrate.

dempués = después.

den, pr. subj. of dar.

dengue, m., prudishness; con mimoso —, with affected modesty.

denguno = ninguno.

denotar, to indicate.

denso, dense.

dentro de, in, within.

denunciar, to proclaim, denounce.

deparar, to offer.

depender (de), to depend (on), rest (upon).

deplorar, to deplore.

depositar, to deposit, place.

depósito, deposit.

deprecación, f., deprecation, prayer.

deprimir, to depreciate, lower.

depuesto (irr. p. p. of deponer), deposed.

derecho, right; straight; por derecha, to the right (hand).

derramar, to spread, spill, shed, diffuse.

derredor; en —, round about.

derretir (i), to melt.

derribar, to strike down, fell.

derruido, destroyed.

derrumbado, dilapidated, tumble-down.

desacato, disrespect.

desacertado, mistaken.

desaforado, huge, uncommonly large.

desagradecido, ungrateful.

desagraviar, to make amends.

desahogar, to give vent to.

desairar, to receive rudely, slight.

desaliñado, disorderly, careless, ill-mannered.

desalmado, merciless, profligate.

desamparar, to leave, forsake; quit a place.

desaparecer, to disappear.

desarbolar, to unmast; nos habían desarbolado, they had broken our mast.

desarmar, to disarm, undo.

desarrugar, to smooth out, take out wrinkles.

desasosegar, to disturb; de desasosegado, with concern.

desasosiego, uneasiness.

desastre, m., disaster.

desastroso, disastrous.

desatendido, unnoticed, slighted.

desatentar (ie), to upset, frighten; —se, to lose one's head.

desatinado, mad, foolish.

desayuno, breakfast.

desazonado, downcast.

Descalzas, prop. noun (lit., barefooted nuns: a religious order).

descalzo, barefooted.

descansar, to rest.

descanso, rest, repose; el — de sus huesos, his last resting-place.

descargar, to discharge, bring down.

descender (ie), to descend.

descifrar, to decipher.

descolgar (ue), to take down, slip down.

descolorido, colorless, pallid.

descollar (ue), to surpass, rise aloft.

descompuesto (irr. p. p. of descomponer), excited, beside oneself, changed.

desconcertado, disturbed, disconcerted.

desconfianza, distrust.

desconfiar (de), to disturb.

desconocer, to mistake, disown, not to recognize, be ignorant of, unacquainted with.

desconocido, unknown.

desconsuelo, affliction, disconsolateness, regret.

descontento, discontent, grumbling.

descorrer, to draw, pull back.

describir, to describe.

descrito, irr. p. p. of describir.

descubierto (irr. p. p. of descubrir), uncovered.

descubrir, to show, lay open, reveal, expose to view, discover.

descuidar, to neglect, not worry; descuide V., do not worry.

desde, from, since; — ahora, from now on; — tierra, from the land.

desdén, m., disdain, frown.

desdeñar, to scorn, disdain.

desdichado, unfortunate, wretched, miserable.

desdoblar, to unfold.

desear, to desire, wish.

desechar, to cast off, reject.

desembarazado, free, unrestrained, unobstructed.

desempeñar, to perform.

desempeño, discharge.

desencajado, disjointed, distorted.

desenlace, m., dénouement, outcome.

deseo, desire, wish, intention.

deseoso, desirous, eager.

desesperado, desperate; noun, one in despair.

desfachatez, f., impudence.

desfallecido, in a faint, helpless.

desfigurarse, to be disfigured.

desgarrado, ragged, torn.

desgarrador, -a, heart-rending.

desgarrar, to tear, rend; — el misterio, to rend the veil of the mystery.

desgracia, misfortune, harm; por —, unfortunately.

desgraciadamente, unfortunately.

desgraciado, unfortunate.

desgreñado, dishevelled.

deshacer, to end, destroy, crush, undo, smash, melt; —se, to fade away, disappear, break up, free oneself, burst (into tears).

deshecho, irr. p. p. of deshacer.

deshizo, pret. of deshacer.

deshonra, disgrace.

deshonrado, dishonored, disgraced.

desierto, desert.

desierto, deserted.

desigual, uneven, irregular.

desinteresado, disinterested, unselfish.

desistir, to desist.

deslenguado, impudent, insolent.

desliar, to untie.

deslizar, to slip; —se, to guide along, slide, make a slip.

desmantelado, dismantled.

desmayado, in a swoon, unconscious.

desmayar, to faint.

desmayo, fainting fit.

desmedidamente, disproportionately, excessively.

desmentir (ie), to give the lie (to).

desmontar, to cut down; —se, to dismount.

desnudarse, to undress.

desnudo, bare, naked, ill-clothed.

desocupar, to empty; —se, to be empty.

desollador, -a, flayer, cheat, shameless person.

desorden, m., disorder.

desordenado, irregular, confused.

desorganización, f., disorganization; — humana, disorganization of the body.

despacio, slowly, deliberately.

despachar, to send off, despatch.

despacho, office.

desparpajo, boldness, unembarrassed manner.

despedida, leave-taking, farewell.

despedir (i), to send off (forth, away), dart; —se, to take leave.

despegar, to detach, not be in keeping (with).

despejado, clever, quick.

despensero, butler, steward.

desperdicio, see ropa.

despertar (ie), to awake, arouse; —se, to awake.

despierto, (wide-) awake, clever.

desplegar (ie), to unfold, spread out.

desplomado; caer —, to fall in a heap.

desplomarse, to lose one's balance.

despoblación, f., depopulation.

despojar, to despoil, strip; —se, to undress, take off.

despojo, plunder, spoils.

desportilado, broken, chipped.

desposorios, pl., mutual promise to contract marriage; marriage.

despreciar, to despise, show contempt for; neglect.

desprecio, contempt, scorn, slight.

desprender(se), to free, loose, detach (oneself).

desprendimiento, disinterestedness, unselfishness.

desprestigiar, to take away the prestige of a person or thing.

después, after; afterwards; — de or que, after.

despuntar, to begin to dawn; see alba.

destacarse (en, sobre), to stand out (against, from).

destapar, to open, uncork, uncover.

destartalado, ill-kept, neglected.

destemplado, harsh, brusque.

desternillar, to break a tendon; — de risa, to laugh violently.

destinar, to destine.

destino, destiny, fate.

destreza, skill, address, mastery.

destrozar, to destroy, break.

destrozo, harm, destruction, havoc.

destrucción, f., destruction.

desvalido, helpless, destitute, unprotected.

desvanecer, to vanish; —se, to be lost; tan desvanecido, so completely disappeared.

desvanecimiento, dizziness, disappearance, vanishing.

desvelado, watchful, vigilant.

desventura, misfortune, calamity.

desventurado, luckless, miserable.

desvergonzado, shameless, impudent.

detener(se), to stop, detain, stay.

determinado, definite; tampoco se le conozco —, I do not know that they have any.

determinar(se), to determine, make up one's mind, resolve.

detrás, behind; — de, behind, after; por —, from behind.

detuve, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of detener.

detuviera, detuviese, imp. subjs. of detener.

deuda, debt.

devoción, f., devotion, observance of religious duties.

devolver (ue), to restore, return.

devorar, to devour.

devoto, pious, devout, devotional.

devuelto, irr. p. p. of devolver.

di, diste, dió, etc., pret. of dar.

día, m., day, daylight; de —, in the daytime; pl., name-day, saint's-day; life; los —s de —s, days of anniversary festivals; —s pasados, a few days ago; á los tres —s, three days later; un — de fiesta, on a holiday; el mejor día, some fine day.

diablejo (depr.), little devil, little fiend.

diablo, devil.

diablura, mischief.

diáfano, transparent, radiant.

diálogo, dialogue.

diametralmente, diametrically.

diantres; ¡qué —! what the deuce! what in the world!

diariamente, daily, every day.

diario, daily.

dibujar, to draw, sketch; —se, to appear.

dice, dicen, pr. ind. of decir.

diciembre, m., December.

dictado, honorary title, name.

dictamen, m., opinion, judgment.

dictar, to dictate.

dicterio, taunt, insult.

dicha, happiness.

dicho, irr. p. p. of decir.

dichoso, happy, lucky, blessed (iron.).

diente, m., tooth; entre —s, between (one's) teeth.

diera, diese, imp. subjs. of dar.

diez, ten.

difícil, difficult, hard, improbable.

dificultad, f., difficulty.

dificultoso, ugly, deformed (as to face).

difundir, to diffuse, spread through.

difunto, deceased; dead person.

diga, pr. subj. of decir.

dignamente, in a worthy manner.

dignarse, to deign, condescend.

dignidad, f., dignity.

digno, worthy, fit.

digo, dices, dice, etc., pr. ind. of decir.

digresión, f., digression.

dije, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of decir.

dijera, dijese, imp. subjs. of decir.

dilación, f., delay.

dilatado, long, broad, dilated.

dilatar(se), to dilate, spread (out).

diligencia, diligence, haste, stage-coach; — del fresco, stage-coach that brings fresh fish (from the coast; in use before the days of railroads and artificial ice).

diluvio, deluge.

diminuto, small, tiny.

dineral, m., large amount of money, fortune.

dinero, money.

Dios, m., God; ¡— mío! dear me! de —, blessed; por —, for goodness' sake; como — manda, as should be done.

diputar, to commission.

dique, m., dike; dry-dock.

dirección, f., direction; en — á, in the direction of.

directamente, directly.

director, m., director, manager.

diría, cond. of decir.

dirigir, to direct; —se, to turn, address.

disciplinado, disciplined.

disciplinazo, disciplinary blow, chastisement.

discípulo, pupil, disciple.

disco, disk.

díscolo, wayward, stubborn.

discorde, discordant.

discordia, discord.

discreteo, wit, flash of wit.

disculpa, excuse, pleading, vindication.

discurrir, to roam, discuss, reason, ponder (over).

discurso, speech; dejándome con el — en el cuerpo, leaving me with my speech unsaid.

discutible, disputable, controvertible.

discutir, to discuss, examine.

diseminar(se), to scatter.

disforme, misshapen.

disfrutar (de), to enjoy.

disgustar, to offend, displease.

disgusto, displeasure, trouble, sorrow, quarrel; á —, with vexation, disgust; dar un —, to cause trouble.

disimuladamente, stealthily, as if without thinking.

disimular, to dissemble, conceal, overlook, excuse.

disimulo, dissimulation.

disipar, to scatter, drive away.

disminuir, to diminish, decrease.

disparar, to shoot, pop out (as stones from cherries).

disparatado, absurd, foolish, inconsistent.

disparate, m., nonsense, absurdity.

disponer(se), to dispose, prepare, arrange, get ready.

disposición, f., mood, humor; disposition, disposal; á —, at the disposal; en tal —, to such an extent.

dispuesto, irr. p. p. of disponer.

disputa, dispute, argument.

disputar, to dispute, quarrel; —se el ..., to dispute with one another the ..., quarrel about.

distancia, distance; como á — de, distant about.

distinción, f., distinction.

distinguir, to distinguish.

distintamente, distinctly.

distinto, distinct, different.

distraer, to divert, distract (the attention).

distraído, absent-minded, distracted.

distribuir, to distribute.

diverso, different, various.

divertido, amusing.

divertir (ie), to amuse, divert.

dividir, to divide.

divinamente, divinely.

divino, divine.

divisar, to espy, perceive.

divulgar, to divulge, publish.

do; por do = por donde.

doblar, to double, turn.

doblegar, to bend.

doce, twelve.

docena, dozen.

dócil, gentle, obedient.

docto, learned.

doctrina, doctrine; de esta —, with this doctrine.

doctrinos, charity-children.

documentación, f., papers, documents.

dogmático, dogmatic (treating of the systematic arrangement of the articles of Christian Faith, the dogma).

doila = doyla = la doy.

dolencia, disease.

dolor, m., grief, sorrow, pain; — de barriga, stomach-ache, cramps.

dolorido, grieved.

dolorosamente, painfully, with great difficulty.

doloroso, sad, painful.

doméstico, domestic.

dominar, to domineer, overlook, prevail (in), master.

domingo, Sunday; Santo —, Saint Dominick (founder of the Dominican Order, b. in Old Castile, 1170).

don, Don, Mr. (a title of respect used before Christian names only).

donación, f., donation.

doncella, maiden, virgin, (lady's-)maid.

donde, where; por —, where, over which; ¿dónde? where?

doña, Mrs., Miss, Lady (before Christian names).

dorado, gilded, golden.

dormido, asleep.

dormilón, -a, sleepy person.

dormir (ue), to sleep; —se, to go to sleep, fall asleep.

dos, two; los —, both of us; Dos Hermanas, prop. noun.

dosel, m., canopy (in churches, a rooflike covering over an altar).

dotación, f., endowment, revenue.

dote, m., gift, endowment; talent.

dragón, m., dragoon; dragon.

duda, doubt.

dudar (de), to doubt, hesitate.

dudoso, doubtful, uncertain.

dueño, -a, owner, master, mistress; — de contenerse, master of oneself.

dulce, m., confection, candy; adj., sweet, gentle.

dulcísimo (from dulce), very sweet, gentle.

dulzura, sweetness, gentleness.

duplicar, to double.

duque, m., duke.

duramente, severely.

durante, during.

durar, to last.

dureza, hardness of heart.

durmió, pret. of dormir.

duro, silver dollar (= 5 pesetas = 20 reales); adj., hard, cruel, oppressive.

E

é, and (before i and hi).

¡Ea! well!

ébano, ebony.

ebrio, inebriated.

eco, echo; El Eco del Comercio, Echo of Commerce (a daily newspaper of Madrid).

económico, economic, domestic; economical.

echar, to throw, cast, launch; drink; make; —se, to rush out, lie down; —(se) a, to begin, start, go out into; — á broma: see broma; — á volar, to fly away; — á pique, to cause to come to grief, ruin, destroy, sink; — una escopeta á la cara, to raise or level a gun; — á perder, to spoil, ruin; — de menos, to miss; —se de menos, to be missing; —se en cara, to reproach oneself for; — fuego, to be enraged; — mano á (de), to lay hands on, take possession of; —se el primero, to help oneself first; — un trago, to take a drink; — de ver, to perceive, notice; echado en el suelo, sitting on the floor.

edad, f., age; tener bastante —, to be old enough; hasta su mayor —, until they are of age; en mi —, at my age; de —, elderly; de más —, older; á la — que cuenta, at his present age.

edecán, m., aide-de-camp.

educación, f., training, bringing-up.

educar, to educate, bring up.

eduquen, pr. subj. of educar.

efectivamente, actually.

efecto, effect, fact.

efemérides, f. pl., daily calendar.

eficacia, efficacy; con más —, more effectively.

eficaz, efficient.

egoísmo, egoism, selfishness.

¿eh? is it not (so)?

ejecutar, to execute.

ejemplar, m., copy, example, precedent; ¡sin —! don't do it again!; adj., exemplary.

ejemplo, example; por —, for instance.

ejército, army.

el, la, lo, los, las, the; el (la, etc.) de, that of, the one of; el (la, etc.) que, he (she, etc.) who, the one who; al (= á el) que, at (to) the one who, whom.

él, ella, ello, he, she, it; ellos, ellas, they; (after a preposition) him, her, it, them; ello es, the fact is.

elaborar, to work out.

elástica, knit waist-coat, sweater.

elástico, elastic.

elección, f., election, choice.

elegir (i), to elect, choose; Dios y sus elegidos, God and the chosen few.

elevado, tall, high.

elevar, to raise, elevate; —se, to attain to.

Elías, m., Elijah.

elocuencia, eloquence.

elocuente, eloquent.

elogiar, to eulogize, praise.

elogio, eulogy, praise.

ella, ello, ellas, ello, see él.

embadurnar, to besmear, cover.

embajada, embassy, message.

embalsamar, to embalm.

embarazar, to embarrass, detain.

embarcación, f., ship, boat.

embarcar, to embark.

embargo; sin —, nevertheless.

embarrancar, to wreck, run aground.

embebido, absorbed, wrapt.

embelesado, delighted.

embestida, attack, assault.

embestir (i), to attack, strike.

embetunar, to cover with bitumen.

emboscada, ambuscade.

embreado, tarred.

embriaguez, f., intoxication.

embrollarse, to be or become entangled.

embuchado, sausage (made of pork).

embuchar, to cram.

emigración, f., emigration, living in foreign lands.

emigrar, to emigrate; al —, when he emigrated.

Emilia, Emily.

eminencia, eminence, hill.

emisario, emissary.

emoción, f., emotion, agitation.

empalizada, palisade, stockade.

empañado, dim.

empapar, to soak.

empedrado, pavement.

empeñarse (en), to insist; estar empeñado en, to insist upon.

empeño, endeavor, desire, perseverance; sermon de —, carefully prepared sermon (for a solemn occasion).

emperador, m., emperor.

empero, however.

empezar (ie), to begin; — á, to begin.

empleado, official, functionary, employee.

emplear, to employ.

empleo, office, employment, position.

empotrar, to mortise, imbed; empotrado en un poyo, fixed in a stone foundation.

emprender, to undertake, set or start out on.

empresa, enterprise.

empujar, to push.

empuñadura, hilt.

en, in, on.

enajenación, f., rapture.

enaltecer, to exalt, lift up.

enamorar, to make love (to); —se, to fall in love; me estaba enamorando, I was falling in love.

enarbolar, to raise high.

encajar, to enclose, insert; —se, to intrude; al —se los hábitos, when they put on the garb (of the monk).

encaje, m., lace.

encaminarse, to start on one's way.

encantador, -a, enchanting, bewitching, delightful.

encanto, charm; de —, enchanting, charming.

encaramar, to raise, elevate.

encararse (con), to face.

encarcelar, to imprison.

encargar, to charge, enjoin (upon), recommend, order; —se de, to take charge of, take upon oneself.

encargo, charge, commission.

encariñarse (con), to become very fond (of).

encarnación, f., incarnation.

encarnado, red; ponerse —, to blush.

encender (ie), to light, kindle, set on fire.

encerrar (ie), to lock up or in, enclose.

encierro, prison, confinement.

encima (de), on, above, over and above, at the top.

encina, oak.

enclavar, to nail, fasten.

encoger, to shrink; —se de (los) hombros, to shrug one's shoulders.

encolerizar, to provoke, irritate.

encomendar (ie), to commend, commit.

encontrar (ue), to meet, find; —se, to be, meet (with), find oneself.

encontrón, m., collision, shock.

encorvado, bent.

encuentro, meeting; ir á su —, to hasten to meet her.

encumbramiento, act of rising, rise, ascent.

endemoniado, devilish, bewitched.

enderezar, to set straight, straighten.

endiablado, devilish, bewitched.

endulzar, to sweeten.

enemigo, enemy, foe; adj., hostile, of the enemy.

enemistad, f., dislike, hatred.

energía, energy.

enérgico, energetic, forcible.

energúmeno, one mad with anger, possessed (with a devil).

enfadado, angry.

enfadarse, to become angry.

enfermedad, f., sickness, disease.

enfermería, infirmary.

enfermero, -a, nurse.

enfermito, -a, little patient.

enfermo, sick, ill; noun, patient, sick person.

enflaquecer, to make thin, weaken.

enfrente, opposite, across the street; de —, on the opposite side, in front (of).

enfriarse, to grow cold.

enfurecido, infuriated.

engañar, to deceive, cheat, disappoint; —se, to be mistaken.

engolfado, lost, absorbed.

engorrosísimo (from engorroso), troublesome, cumbersome.

enhoramala (lit., in an evil hour); echar —, to treat with contempt.

enjalbegar, to whitewash.

enjaulado, caged.

enjuto, thin, spare.

enlazar, to intertwine.

enmarañado, entangled.

enmendar (ie), to repair, amend.

enmienda, amendment, correction, reform.

enojar, to vex.

enojo, annoyance, anger.

enojoso, troublesome, annoying.

enorme, enormous.

enormidad, f., enormity, gravity.

enrabiado, enraged.

enramada, arbor, foliage, trees.

enredar, to play pranks, entangle; —se un diálogo, to begin a confused dialogue.

enrevesado, stubborn, intractable.

enrojecido, red, reddened.

enrollar, to roll up, wrap around.

ensangrentado, covered or stained with blood.

ensañamiento, rage, fury.

ensartar, to string together.

ensayar, to try, practice, rehearse.

ensayo, trial, attempt.

enseñanza, instruction, teaching.

enseñar (á), to teach, show.

ensordecer, to deafen.

ensuciar, to soil, dirty, stain, waste (as paper).

ensueño, sleep, dream.

entablar, to begin (a conversation, acquaintance), bring on the tapis; establish.

entalle, m., carving, sculpturing, engraving.

ente, m., entity, being.

entendederas, pl., understanding, judgment.

entender (ie), to understand, hear; —se, to understand each other, agree or be agreed; darse por entendido, to pretend to understand.

entendido, learned, wise.

entendimiento, understanding, mind, intelligence, wisdom.

enteramente, entirely.

enterar(se), to inform, acquaint (oneself); del que se ha enterado perfectísimamente, with which he is thoroughly acquainted.

entereza, fortitude.

entero, whole, upright, undiminished, firm; por —, entirely.

enterrar (ie), to bury.

entierro, burial, funeral.

entonar, to intone, sing.

entonces, then, at that time; well then!

entornar, to turn.

entrada, entrance, admission-ticket (the entrada is not numbered, and does not necessarily entitle the holder to a seat).

entrambos, -as, both; — á dos, both of them.

entrañas, bowels; heart; de sus —, beloved.

entrar (en), to enter, approach; undertake; — en razón, to listen to reason; la entró un cólico, she was seized with cramps; mes que entra = próximo mes.

entre, between, among; mirarse — sí, to look at one another; — tanto, meanwhile; — asombrado é incrédulo, half amazed and half incredulous.

entreabrir, to open slightly, leave ajar.

entrecano, grayish (of the hair or beard).

entrega, delivery, giving over.

entregar, to restore, deliver, hand, give over or up.

entretener, to entertain.

entretenido, occupied, busy.

entrevista, interview, meeting.

entristecer, to sadden.

enturbiar, to dim, trouble.

entusiasmarse, to become enthusiastic.

entusiasmo, enthusiasm.

entusiasta, m. or f., enthusiast.

enviar, to send.

envolver (ue), to wrap.

envuelto, p. p. of envolver.

épico, epic.

epidermis, f., epidermis, cuticle.

epistolario, epistolary, by letter.

epitafio, epitaph.

época, epoch, time.

equipaje, m., effects (which a sailor takes with him on a voyage), luggage.

equivocarse, to be mistaken.

era, imp. ind. of ser.

erigir, to erect, build.

ermita, hermitage.

ermitaño, hermit.

errante, errant, wandering.

errar (ye), to miss.

erudito, learned.

esbelto, tall, slender.

esbirro, bailiff, constable, policeman.

escabullirse, to escape.

escalar, to scale, climb (into).

escalera, stairs; — de mano, ladder; por las —s abajo, down the stairs.

escalinata, steps.

escalofrío, shiver, chill.

escalón, m., step.

escama, scale (of fishes), scaly piece (of a coat of mail).

escamado, irritated, worried.

escandalizado, shocked, scandalized.

escándalo, scandal; con grave —, to the great horror.

escandaloso, scandalous.

escapar(se), to escape, run away.

escaparate, m., show-window.

escape, m., flight; á todo —, in greatest haste.

escapulario, scapulary.

escasear, to decrease, be scarce.

escasísimo (from escaso), very scanty.

escaso, scanty, small, rare.

escena, scene, stage.

escenario, scenery, stage, stage-direction.

esclamación = exclamación.

esclavitud, f., slavery.

esclavo, -a, slave.

escoger, to choose, select.

escogido, select, choice, refined.

escollo, rock (under shallow water), reef.

esconder, to hide, conceal; estar escondido, to be in hiding.

escondidamente, secretly.

escopeta, gun; — de dos cañones, double-barreled gun.

escopetazo, (gun-)shot.

escote, m., low-cut neck (of a dress).

escribir, to write.

escrúpulo, scruple; —s de conciencia, conscientious scruples; —s de doncella, exaggerated scruples.

escuchar, to listen (to), hear.

escudo, escutcheon; shield.

escudriñar, to search, examine.

escuela, school.

escueto, free, unencumbered.

Esculapio, Aesculapius (among Greeks and Romans a god of healing).

escultor, m., sculptor.

escultura, sculpture; pl., carved or molded figures.

escultural, of sculpture; modelo —, sculptor's model.

escupir, to spit; discharge (balls from fire arms).

ese, -a, -os, -as (adj.); ése, -a, -os, -as, eso (pron.); that, those; eso de, that of; á eso de, at about; por eso, for that reason.

esencia, essence.

esencial, essential, main.

esfera, sphere; condition.

esférico, spherical, round.

esforzar (ue), to strengthen, raise (the voice).

esfuerzo, effort, strength.

esmeralda, emerald.

esmero, great care, diligent attention.

esnudo = desnudo.

espaciarse, to walk, stroll.

espacio, space, place.

espacioso, spacious, large.

espada, sword.

espadaña: campanario de —, belfry consisting of a single wall (in which are openings for the bells).

espalda, shoulder, back; dar la —, volver la —, to turn one's back.

espantajo, scare-crow.

espantar, to terrify.

espanto, horror, fright.

espantosamente, in a frightful manner.

espantoso, frightful.

España, Spain.

español, -a, Spanish; á la española, in Spanish style.

esparcir(se), to scatter, spread.

especial, special.

especialmente, especially.

especie, f., species, kind.

espectáculo, spectacle, scene, sight, aspect.

espectador, -a, spectator.

espejillo (dim.), little mirror.

esperanza, hope, expectation, anticipation.

esperar, to expect, hope, wait (for).

espesísimo (from espeso), very dense.

espeso, thick, dense.

espesura, thicket.

espetar, to put on a spit; tell.

espíritu, m., spirit, mind.

espiritual, spiritual.

espléndido, splendid, beautiful.

espolvorear, to sprinkle, powder.

esposo, -a, husband, wife; pl., married couple.

espuela, spur.

espuma, foam, froth.

espumarajo, foam, froth.

espumoso, foaming, sparkling.

esquilador, m., sheep-shearer.

esquina, corner.

esquivar, to avoid, evade.

esquivo, stubborn, coy, reserved; ¡esquiva! my lady disdain!

establecer, to establish, settle.

estación, f., station, season.

estado, state, estate, position, condition, class; Estado Mayor, General Staff.

estallar, to break out (into rage or fury), explode.

estameña, serge.

estampar, to stamp, imprint.

estampido, report (of a gun, etc.).

estancia, room.

estandarte, m., banner.

estanque, m., pond.

estaño, tin.

estar, to be; —se, to stand, be, stay; — en todo, to think of everything; ¿esta Vd.? do you understand?

estatua, statue.

estatura, stature.

este, -a, -os, -as (adj.); éste, -a, -os, -as, esto (pron.); this, those; éste, the latter; este á quien, the one whom; á todo esto, withal; esto es, that is (it); en esto, at this moment.

estela, wake, track (of a ship).

estenso = extenso.

estilo, style, manner of speaking; por el —, similar (things), such as the following.

estimar, to esteem, deem.

estirar, to pull.

estofa, condition, quality, kind.

estofado, stew.

estómago, stomach.

estorbar, to bother, be in the way, detain.

estrago or —s, havoc.

estrambótico, eccentric, odd.

estrangular, to strangle.

estratégico, strategic.

estrechamente, closely.

estrechar, to tighten, close in upon.

estrechez, f., narrowness, stringency.

estrecho, narrow, tight; — abrazo, affectionate embrace.

estrella, star, fate.

estrellado, starry, full of stars.

estrellar, to dash to pieces, break.

estremecerse, to shudder, tremble, quiver.

estrépito, bustle, noise.

estrepitoso, boisterous.

estribo, stirrup.

estrofa, strophe, stanza.

estruendo, crash, noise.

estrujar, to squeeze; — como una breva, to squeeze the life out of one.

estudiar, to study.

estudio, study, application (to books and learning).

estupefacto, stunned, amazed, stupefied.

estupendo, stupendous, wonderful.

estúpido, stupid, dull.

estupor, m., stupor.

estuviera, estuviese, imp. subjs. of estar.

estuve, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of estar.

etc. = etcétera, et cætera.

éter, m., air, highest regions above.

eterno, eternal, long.

etiqueta, etiquette; andarse con —s, to be ceremonious, formal.

evadir, to evade.

evangélico, evangelical, gospel —.

evangelio, gospel.

evitar, to avoid, avert, save (from disagreeable things).

evónimus, m., prick-wood (Euonymus europaeus).

exactitud, f., exactness.

exagerar, to exaggerate.

exaltación, f., enthusiasm, exaltation, imagination.

exaltar, to exalt, excite.

examen, m., examination.

examinar, to examine, investigate.

exangüe, bloodless.

exánime, weak, faint.

exasperar, to exasperate, offend.

excedente, superfluous, exceeding, dismissed; — por reforma, temporarily removed from office, "laid off".

excelencia, excellence, superiority, advantage, merit.

Excelentísimo (from excelente), most excellent, your (his) Excellency.

excepcional, peculiar, extraordinary.

excesivo, excessive.

exceso, excess; en —, excessively.

excitar, to excite, arouse.

exclamación, f., clamor, exclamation.

exclamar, to exclaim.

excluir, to exclude.

exclusiva, exclusiveness; vivir de —s, to delight in being exclusive.

excluyendo, pr. p. of excluir.

excrescencia, hunch, excrescence.

excusa, excuse, apology.

excusar, to excuse, avoid, omit; excuso, it is needless; lo excusado, the impossible.

exento, exempt, free.

exhalar, to exhale.

exigir, to demand, exact.

eximir, to exempt.

existencia, life, existence.

existir, to exist.

éxito, outcome, success.

exordio, preamble, exordium.

exornar, to embellish (with rhetorical figures).

expediente, m., expedient, pretext; motive, plan.

expender, to spend.

expensa, expense; à sus —s, at their own cost.

experiencia, experience.

expiación, f., expiation.

expiar, to expiate, atone for.

expiatorio, expiatory, atoning.

expirar, to expire, die.

explicaderas, pl., manner of explaining oneself.

explicar, to explain; —se, to be explained.

exponer, to expose, explain, submit; —se, to expose oneself.

expositor, -a, expounder, explainer.

expresamente, expressly.

expresar, to express.

exprimir, to squeeze, press out.

expulsar, to drive out.

expuso, pret. of exponer.

exquisito, exquisite, perfect.

extasiar, to enrapture; —se (en), to go into ecstasies (over).

éxtasis, m., ecstasy, trance.

extático, ecstatic, entranced.

extender (ie), to stretch out, extend; —se acerca de, to enlarge upon.

extenso, extensive.

extinguirse, to die away.

extraer, to extract, draw.

extrajudicialmente, extrajudicially, not legally required.

extranjero, stranger; foreign countries.

extrañar(se), to wonder, be astonished; no es de —, it is not to be wondered at.

extrañeza, astonishment, wonder, amazement.

extraño, strange, unusual; noun, stranger.

extravagancia, madness.

extravagante, wild, peculiar.

extraviado, distracted, wandering, wild.

extraviarse, to stray, go astray.

extremadamente, extremely, greatly.

Extremadura, prop. noun, (province of Spain, southwest of New Castile and bounded on the west by Portugal).

extremar, to go to extremes; — la marcha, to resort to the utmost speed.

extremo, end, border, edge, excess; en tal —, to such a degree (as to); en (or con) —, extremely; por el —, on the very edge.

F

fábrica, factory, manufactory.

fabricar, to build, manufacture, devise.

fábula, fable, story.

facción, f., faction; pl., features, countenance.

fácil, easy; lo — que, how easy.

facilitar, to facilitate.

fácilmente, easily.

facineroso, criminal.

facultativo, physician.

facundia, facundity, eloquence.

fachada, façade, front.

faena, work, task.

falaz, fallacious, delusive.

falda, skirt.

faldeo, slope, foot of a mountain.

falso, false, forged.

falta, lack, wrong, fault; hacer —, to be needed.

faltar, to lack, fail; be absent or missing; — á, to be wanting in, fail in.

faltriquera, pocket.

falucho, sailboat (with lateen sail), felucca.

fallecer, to die.

fama, fame, reputation.

familia, family; Sacra —, Holy Family (Jesus, Mary, and Joseph).

familiarizado, familiar, accustomed.

famoso, famous.

fantasía, fancy, imagination.

fantasma, m., phantom.

fardo, bale, bundle.

farol, m., lantern.

farolillo (dim. of farol), small lantern.

fastidiar, to trouble, disgust, bore; —se, to be bored, annoyed.

fastidio, ennui, lassitude.

fatal, fatal, ominous.

fatiga, fatigue.

fatigado, worn out, tired.

fatigar, to fatigue, tire.

fatigosamente, painfully.

fatigoso, tiresome; anxious, worried.

fauces, f. pl., jaws.

favor, m., favor; á — (de), for, in favor, on account (of); hágame usted el —, please, if you please.

faz, f., face.

fe, f., faith; por mi —, á — mía, upon my word; á — de quien soy, on my honor; á — (que), upon my word (that).

fealdad, f., ugliness, hideousness.

febril, feverish.

fecundo, fecund, ingenious, rich.

fecha, date; para esa —, by that time.

fechoría, exploit, deed.

fegúrese = figúrese.

felicidad, f., happiness, luck, welfare.

Felipe, Philip.

feliz, happy.

femenil, feminine; servidumbre —, maid-servants.

fénix, m., phoenix; marvel.

fenomenal, phenomenal, extraordinary.

fenómeno, phenomenon.

feo, ugly, hideous, homely.

feona (aug. of fea), ugly old woman.

féretro, bier.

feria, fair.

Fernán, Ferdinand.

feróstico, grim, fierce.

férreo, iron.

Ferrolana, prop. noun.

festín, m., feast, banquet.

festividad, f., festivity.

fiar, to trust, entrust; —se (de), to trust (to).

ficticiamente, fictitiously, in imagination.

fidelidad, f., faithfulness.

fidelísimo, most faithful.

fiel, faithful, true.

fiera, wild beast.

fiero, fierce, furious.

fiesta, festival, holiday, feast.

Fígaro, prop. noun (the pen-name of Mariano José de Larra, the author of El Castellano viejo).

figura, figure.

figurar (con), to represent (by); —se, to imagine, think.

figurilla, small figure.

fijamente, fixedly.

fijarse (en), to look (at), notice.

fijo, fixed.

fila, row, line; — avanzada, advance line.

filiación, f., pedigree; description; número de —, ship's number.

filológico, philological, grammatical.

filosofía, philosophy.

filósofo, philosopher.

filtrar, to filter.

fin, m., end, object; al —, en —, por —, finally, at last, in short; after all; á — de (que), in order to (that); un sin —, an endless number; tener —, to have an end.

fincar, to buy land.

fineza, favor, kindness, gallantry; morsel.

fingir, to feign, pretend.

fino, fine, perfect, well-bred, cultivated.

finura, tact, good manners, courtesy.

firme, firm, strong, stiff, constant; en —, hard; de —, severely; copiously, in torrents (as rain).

firmemente, firmly.

firmeza, firmness.

firmísimo (from firme), very firm.

fiscal, m., attorney-general, prosecuting attorney.

físico, physical.

fisiólogo, physiologist.

fisonomía, physiognomy, features.

flacucho, flabby, lean, soft and weak.

flamante, flaming, brand-new.

flanco, side (of a ship).

flanquear, to flank.

flaqueza, weakness, faintness.

flaquísimo (from flaco), very lean, lank.

flecha, arrow.

flojo, loose, lax; shallow; small.

flojón (aug. of flojo), lazy, good-for-nothing; más que —es, worse than good-for-nothing.

flor, f., flower; — de mano or de tela, artificial flower.

Flora, prop. noun (in Roman mythology, the goddess of flowers. She was worshipped mostly by young maidens).

florecita, little flower.

florero, vase, flower-pot.

florete, m., foil (a sword used in learning to fence).

flotante, flowing, floating.

flotar, to float.

flúido, fluid.

foco, focus.

fogata, bonfire, blaze.

folio, leaf, page, name-plate.

fomentar, to foment, encourage.

fonda, inn, hotel, restaurant.

fondo, bottom, depth, background; heart, character.

foque, m., jib.

forastero, strange (not living in the place); noun, stranger.

forcejear, to struggle, make violent efforts.

forma, form, shape.

formación, f., formation; ¡a la —! fall in!

formalmente, seriously.

formar, to form, compose, fall in.

fórmula, formula, prescribed rule.

fornido, strong, sturdy.

forraje, m., forage, grain, hay, grass.

forrar, to line, upholster.

fortaleza, fortress.

fortuna, fortune, success.

fósforo, match.

foso, ditch, moat.

frac, m., dress-coat, evening coat.

fracaso, defeat, failure.

fragata, frigate.

frágil, frail.

fragilidad, f., frailty.

fragmento, fragment, piece.

fraile, m., friar, brother.

francamente, frankly, innocently.

francés, -esa, French.

Francisca, Frances.

franco, frank, open.

frangollar, to do a thing carelessly.

franqueza, freedom, frankness.

fraques, pl. of frac.

frase, f., phrase, sentence.

frecuente, frequent.

fregar (ie), to wash (as dishes).

freir, to fry; — á uno la sangre, to make one's blood boil.

freno, bridle, bit; restraint.

frente, f., forehead, brow; — á, opposite, across the street, facing; de — (as a sail), full.

fresca, rudeness, news.

fresco, fresh, new, cool.

frescura, coolness.

fríamente, coldly.

frío, cold; tener —, to be cold.

frito (p. p. of freir), fried.

frondoso, leafy.

frotar, to rub.

fruncir; — las cejas or los ojos, to knit one's brows, frown.

fruta, fruit.

fruto, fruit; result, effect.

fuego, fire; — graneado, incessant firing; alto el —, cease firing; — fatuo (ignis fatuus), will-o-the-wisp; ¡— de Dios! Bless me! Goodness!

Fuencarral, prop. noun (a street leading to the Puerta del —, on the north side of Madrid).

fuente, f., fountain, spring.

fuer; á — de soldado, since you were a soldier.

fuera, fuese, imp. subjs. of ser and ir.

fuera, out, outside, away; — de sí, beside oneself; ¡—! clear the way! begone!

fuerte, m., stronghold, fort; adj., strong, stout.

fuertemente, strongly, violently.

fuerza, strength, force; á la —, por —, by force; á — de, by dint of, through; en — de, on account of.

fuga, flight.

fugarse, to escape.

fuí, fuiste, fué, etc., pret. of ser and ir.

fulgente, refulgent, brilliant.

fulmíneo, with thunder and lightning; flashing.

fumar, to smoke.

funcionar, to act, work.

fundado, (well) founded, justified.

fundar, to found, base, establish; —se en, to take as a principle.

fundo, estate.

funerario, funeral.

funesto, sad, lamentable, fatal.

furia, fury.

furibundo, wild, furious.

furioso, furious, angry.

furor, m., fury, rage.

furtivo, furtive.

fusil, m., rifle.

futuro, betrothed.

G

gabán, m., great-coat, overcoat.

gabinete, m., dressing-room, boudoir; small sitting-room.

gacetilla (dim. of gaceta), (local) news columns (of a newspaper).

gaje, m., pay; algunos —s, a small compensation.

gala, -s, finery, wedding-dress(es).

galán, m., gallant, wooer.

galante, gallant.

galardón, m., reward.

Galatea, prop. noun. (Ovid tells a pretty legend of Pygmalion, a sculptor of Cyprus, who fell in love with a beautiful ivory statue of his own carving. In answer to his ardent prayer, Venus gave life to the statue which became his wife. Her name was Galatea.)

galeno, physician (from Galeno, Galen, celebrated physician of ancient Greece).

galería, gallery.

galón, m., galloon, braid.

galope, m., gallop.

gallardamente, gracefully.

gallardía, gracefulness, beauty.

gallardo, gallant, handsome, graceful.

Gallego (Juan Nicasio), prop. noun (b. 1777, d. 1853; a forceful writer of polished verse; best known for the verses in which he urged Spain to resist the invasion of the French under Napoleon).

Gallegos (José Rafael de), prop. noun (b. 1785, d. 1851; a statesman of Costa Rica, and president of that republic from 1845 to 1846).

gallina, hen, chicken.

gallinero, chicken-coop, hen-house.

gallo, cock.

gana or —s, desire, mind; lo que le dé la —, whatever you please; con tanta —, so heartily; de mala —, unwillingly.

ganado, live-stock, cattle.

ganancia, reward, profit, gain.

ganar, to gain, earn, win; —se el pan, to earn one's living.

ganso, goose.

gañán,[gañan] m., laborer, boor.

garbanzo, chick-pea (an indispensible dish in Spain).

garbo, grace, refined manners.

garganta, throat. gasa, gauze.

gastar, to spend, expend, wear; — un sentío (= sentido), — un costao (= costado), to spend a fortune.

gato, cat; sly person; — de Madrid, tricky Madrilenian.

gavia, main-topsail; yard-arm.

gazmoño, hypocritical, dissembling.

gaznate, m., throat, gorge, throttle.

gemido, groan, moan, sighing.

general, m., general; — de brigada, brigadier general.

generalizarse, to become general; begin.

género, kind; todo —, all kinds.

generoso, generous; fine, rich (as wine).

Genieys, prop. noun (town in France, in the Department of Aveyron).

genio, genius, character, temper, humor.

gente or —s, f., people, men.

gentil, genteel, graceful, pretty, fine.

gentileza, gentility.

gentilmente, prettily, daintily.

gentío, crowd.

genuino, genuine.

Gerardo, Gerard.

gesticular, to gesticulate.

gestión, f., effort, step, measure.

gestionar, to solicit.

gesto, gesture, look.

geta = jeta, thick-lips, "mug."

Gibraltar, prop. noun (town and fortified rock at the southern extremity of Spain; it belongs to England).

gigantazo (aug.), huge giant.

giganteo, gigantic.

gigantesco, gigantic.

gime, pr. ind. of gemir.

gimnasia, gymnastics.

girar, to turn, revolve.

gitanico (dim. of gitano), little gipsy.

gitano, gipsy.

glóbulo, globule.

gloria, glory, ecstacy, heavenly bliss.

glorificar, to glorify, exalt, praise.

glorioso, glorious, blessed.

gnomo, goblin.

gobierno, government.

Goliat, Goliath.

golosina, sweet-meat, delicacy.

goloso, fond of dainties; por —, for being fond of dainties.

golpe, m., blow, stroke, clang, onslaught; de —, all at once; de — y porrazo, quickly, all at once; — de mar, billow, heavy sea (breaking over the deck).

golpear, to beat, clatter; — de tambores, beating of drums.

golpecito (dim. of golpe), tap.

gollería or gullería, dainty; pedir —s, to ask for unreasonable things.

gordo, fat, obese, corpulent, big, great; de puro —, from sheer obesity.

gorjeo, warbling.

gorra or gorro, cap.

gota, drop.

gotear, to drip, fall drop by drop.

gótico, gothic.

gozar (de), to enjoy.

gozo, delight, joy.

grabar, to engrave.

gracia, grace, wit, witty saying; pl., thanks, thank Heaven; estar de —, to be in good humor; en — de Dios, for goodness' sake; —s á que, thanks to the fact that.

graciosamente, gracefully.

gracioso, winsome, witty.

grada, step, stair, projection.

grado, grade, rank, degree.

gramática, grammar.

Granada, Granada (capital of the province of Granada; pop., 70,000; in southeastern Spain. Granada is famous on account of the natural beauty of its surroundings and the remains of Moorish architecture, the chief of which is the Alhambra. It was the last stronghold of the Moors in Spain, and was captured by the Catholic kings, Ferdinand and Isabella, in 1492, the year America was discovered).

granadino, from Granada.

gran(de), great, large, old, grown-up.

grandeza, greatness; grandeur.

grandísimo (from grande), very large.

graneado; see fuego.

granito, granite.

grano, grain; un — de sal, a pinch of salt.

granuja, m., urchin, little rogue.

grasa, grease.

grasiento, greasy.

grato, pleasing; grateful.

grave, grave, serious.

gravedad, f., seriousness.

graznar, to croak; gobble.

greñas, f. pl., matted hair.

gresca, wrangle, quarrel.

griego, Greek.

grifo, griffin (a fabulous monster, half lion, half eagle).

gris, grey.

gritar, to shout, cry.

grito, cry, scream, call, shouting.

grosería, rudeness.

grosero, rough, coarse, plain.

grueso, thick, stout, dense.

gruñido, grunt.

gruñir, to grunt, mutter.

grupa, croup, crupper (of a horse).

grupo, group.

gruta, grotto.

Guadarrama, prop. noun (mountain range north of Madrid).

guantá = guantada.

guantada, slap.

guantelete, m., gauntlet.

guapo, handsome, bold; noun, ¡—! my handsome fellow!

guarda, m., guard, keeper, watchman.

guardacantón, m., curb-stone.

guardar, to keep, put away; guard; —se de, to keep from, take care not to, beware of.

guardia, m. or f., guard; policeman; — del Ayuntamiento, municipal policeman.

guardián, m., guard, keeper.

guarecerse, to take refuge.

guarida, hiding-place, cave.

guarnecer, to adorn, garnish, trim.

guasa, jest; poca —, this is no joke.

güelva = vuelva.

guerra, war, strife, hostility.

guerrero, warrior, soldier.

guía, m., guide.

guillave, m., fruit of the quisco (in Chile).

guiñar, to wink; — un ojo, to wink.

guiño; hacer —s, to wink.

guisa, manner; á — de, like.

guitarra, guitar.

gustar, to please, like; le gusta á usted, you like; usted me gusta á mí, I like you.

Gustavo, Gustavus.

gusto, taste, pleasure; á —, gladly, with pleasure, to the taste (of); hacer su —, to do as one pleases, follow one's own bent; á mi —, as well as I should like.

H

ha, see haber.

Habana; la —, Havana (the capital of Cuba).

habanero, Havanese.

habano, from Havana.

haber, m., property, income.

haber, to have; hay, there is (are); — de or que, to have to, must, will; ha de estar, is to be; había, there was (were); no hay para qué decir or no hay que decir, it is needless to say; no se ha de decir, it shall not be said; no hay que hablarle, it is useless to speak to him; lo que hay que hacer, what is to be done; dos años ha, two years ago; no ha muchos años, not many years ago.

hábil, skillful.

habilidad, f., skill, ability, cleverness.

habilitar, to equip, get ready, fit up.

hábilmente, skillfully.

habitación, f., room, dwelling.

habitante, m., inhabitant.

habitar, to inhabit, dwell (in).

hábito, habit, dress, garment; pl., garb of an ecclesiastic.

hablar, to speak.

hacer, to make, do, have (+ an infin.); —se, to become; — alto, to halt, stop; —lo bueno, to prove it; — dormir, to put to sleep; —se á la mar, to set sail; —se como que, to act as if, pretend; —se cargo de, to take possession of, realize, consider; —se á un lado, to keep out of the way; —se sordo á, to pretend not to hear; — de las tuyas (suyas, etc.), to be at your (his, etc.) tricks; se haría mal (en), it would be doing wrong (to); lleva hechas, he has made, he has to his credit; hace dos años, two years ago; me hice ... escalera, I pretended to go upstairs; hizo sitio, gave place; haz lo que debas y suceda lo que suceda, do what is right and let come what may.

hacia, towards; — arriba, upwards.

hacienda, property, estate, plantation.

hacinamiento, mass, pile.

hado, fate, destiny, inevitable doom.

haga, pr. subj. of hacer.

hallar, to find, consider; —se, to be.

hallazgo, finding, discovery.

hambre, f., hunger; tener —, to be hungry.

haraposo, ragged.

harina, flour or meal (of wheat or maize); — tostada, roasted meal.

harmonía, harmony.

harto, enough; tired, weary, bored.

hasta, until, as far as, as many as, even; — aquí, so far; — que, — tanto que, until.

hay, see haber.

haya, pr. subj. of haber.

haz, imper., 2d pers. sing., of hacer.

hazaña, feat, achievement.

he; — aquí, behold, here is, the following is.

hecha; de esta —, from this time.

hechizo, witchcraft, sorcery.

hecho, p. p. of hacer; noun, event, deed, act, fact; á lo — pecho, we must make the best of what we have done.

helado, icy, cold.

helar (ie), to freeze.

henchir (i), to fill.

hercúleo, herculean.

Heredia, prop. noun.

hereje, m., heretic.

herencia, heir-loom.

herida, wound.

herir (ie), to wound, strike.

hermanarse, to love one another as brothers.

hermanito (dim.), little brother.

hermosear, to beautify, enhance.

hermoso, lovely, fine, beautiful.

héroe, m., hero.

heroico, heroic.

herrada, pail, bucket.

hervir (ie), to boil.

heterogéneo, heterogeneous, dissimilar in nature.

hice, -iste, hizo, etc., pret. of hacer.

hiciera, hiciese, imp. subjs. of hacer.

hielo, ice.

hierba, herb, grass, plant.

hierro, iron.

higa, charm, amulet (shaped like an higo, fig).

higiene, f., hygiene.

higiénico, hygienic.

hijita (dim.), little daughter.

hijo, -a, son, daughter; product, result; hijos, children.

hilera, file, row.

hilo, thread.

himno, hymn.

hinojo; de —s, kneeling.

hipocresía, hypocrisy.

hipócrita, m. or f., hypocrite.

hipotecario, pertaining to mortgages.

hirviendo, pr. p. of hervir.

hirviente, boiling, glowing.

historia, history, story.

histórico, historical.

hocico, snout, muzzle.

hogar, m., hearth, home.

hoguera, bonfire; stake.

hoja, leaf.

hojalata, tin.

hojarasca, thick foliage.

¡hola! interj., hello!

holocausto, holocaust, sacrifice.

hollar (ue), to tread upon.

hombre, man; ¡— de Dios! man alive!

hombro, shoulder.

homeopático, homœopathic, tiny.

honda, sling-shot.

hondo, deep; lo más —, the most retired part.

hondura, depth.

honor, m., honor, fame; pl., dignity, rank.

honra, honor.

honradez, f., honesty; hay mucha —, honesty prevails.

honrado, honest, respectable.

honroso, honest, decent.

hora, hour; á estas horas, at this hour; —s muertas, leisure hours.

horda, horde, band.

horizonte, m., horizon.

hormiga, ant.

hormiguero, ant-hill.

hornacina, (vaulted) niche.

horno, furnace.

horrorizado, terrified, shocked.

hospital, m., hospital, poorhouse; — provincial, Provincial Insane Asylum.

hostigar, to harass, molest, trouble.

hostil, hostil, adverse.

hoy, to-day; — en día, now-a-days.

hoyo, hole, grave.

huaso (or guaso), herdsman, "cowboy" (in Chile, called huaso or guaso; in Argentina, gaucho; in Mexico, vaquero).

hube, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of haber.

hubiera, hubiese, imp. subjs. of haber.

hueco, gap, hollow, intermission.

huéleme, see oler.

huelga, strike; declararse en —, to strike.

huella, track.

huérfano, orphan; — de padre, fatherless.

huerta, garden, garden land(s).

hueso, bone, stone, core, pit.

huésped, -a, boarder, guest.

huevo, egg.

huir, to flee, shun; ¡qué había de —!, why should I run away!; me huye Vd. la cara, you avoid me, refuse to look at me.

hule, m., oil-cloth.

humanidad, f., humanity.

humano, human; en lo —, during his life on earth.

humear, to smoke.

humedad, f., dampness, moisture.

humedecer, to moisten; —se, to become wet, tear-stained.

húmedo, damp.

humildad, f., humility, modesty.

humildemente, humbly.

humildito (dim.), humble, modest.

humo, smoke.

humor, m., humor, fluid (of the body).

hundir, to submerge; —se, to sink.

huracán, m., hurricane.

hurtadillas; á —, by stealth.

hurto, theft.

húsar, m., hussar.

huyeron, pret. of huir.

huyo, huyes, huye, etc., pr. ind. of huir.

I

iba, imp. ind. of ir.

icen = dicen.

idas; — y venidas, going and coming.

idea, idea, thought.

idear, to form or conceive an idea, imagine.

idéntico, identical.

identificado, identified.

idioma, m., language.

iglesia, church.

ignorar, not to know, be ignorant of; se ignora, (it) is not known.

igual, equal, uniform, unvaried, the same.

igualmente, likewise.

ijar, m., flank; apretarse los —es, to hold one's sides.

Ildefonso, Alphonsus; San —, Saint Alphonsus Liguari (b. at Marianelli, near Naples, in the year 1696, d. in 1787. He became famous through his marvelous religious activity, and the great number of dogmatic works he had written).

iluminar(se), to light up.

ilusión, f., illusion.

imagen, f., image, figure, statue.

imitar, to imitate.

impaciente, impatient.

impasible, insensible to pain, impassible.

impávido, undaunted.

impedir (i), to impede, keep from, prevent.

imperio, empire, dominion.

imperioso, imperious.

impermeable, water-proof; — de lona, water-proof coat (of canvas).

impertérrito, undaunted, intrepid.

impertinencia, impertinence, folly, nonsense; plur., impertinent or superfluous things.

ímpetu, m., impetus; se abrió toda con —, was suddenly flung wide open.

impetuoso, impetuous.

impiedad, f., impiety.

implorar, to implore.

imponente, imposing.

imponer, to impose; —se, to take upon oneself.

importancia, importance, significance.

importar, to be of importance, matter; no importa, it does not matter, he does not mind it; lo que no le importa, what does not concern him.

impregnado, imbued, impregnate, pervaded, filled.

impreso (p. p. of imprimir), imprinted.

improperio, reproach, invective, contemptuous remark.

impropio (de), unfit, unsuitable (to).

improvisado, improvised.

improvisar, to extemporize.

improviso; de —, suddenly, unexpectedly.

imprudentemente, imprudently.

impuesto (p. p. of imponer), well informed, acquainted.

impulsar, to impel, give impulse.

impulso, impulse; á — de, under the influence of; dan —s de, one is tempted (to).

inanimado, inanimate.

incansable, indefatigable.

incapaz, incapable.

incesante, incessant, ceaseless.

incesantemente, incessantly.

incitar, to incite.

incivilizado, uncivilized, barbarous.

inclinación, f., inclination, act of inclining; bow; hacer —, to tip (as a dish); — de las espaldas, stooping.

inclinado, inclined; — sobre él, leaning or bending over him.

inclinar, to incline, hold or turn down (to anything); —se, to bow, stoop; se inclinaban junto á ella, bent over her.

incluso, including.

incógnito, incognito, lack of name.

incomodar, to inconvenience, annoy; —se, to be annoyed, disturbed.

incómodo, inconvenient, uncomfortable.

incomparable, matchless.

incomprensible, incomprehensible.

inconsiderado, inconsiderate, thoughtless, illogical.

inconstante, fickle, changeable.

inconveniente, m., objection, difficulty, inconvenience; annoyance; adj., unbecoming, improper.

incorporarse, to straighten up, rise, sit up.

increado, increate, self-existent.

incrédulo, unbeliever, sceptic; adj., incredulous.

incultivable, incapable of cultivation.

incurrir, to incur.

indecisión, f., irresolution.

indeciso, uncertain.

indefectiblemente, unfailingly; en que — paseaba, in which he never failed to take a walk.

indefenso, defenceless, helpless.

indeleble, indelible.

independiente, independent(ly); —s entre sí, independent of one another.

indescriptible, indescribable.

indiano, one who has resided in las Indias, the Indies; Nabob (returning from India or America).

Indias; las —, the Indies (East or West).

indiferencia, indifference; con —, indifferently, in a careless manner.

indiferente, indifferent.

indignado, indignant.

indignar, to irritate, anger, tease.

indigno, unworthy, wicked.

indio, Indian.

indispuesto, ill, indisposed.

indito (dim.), little Indian.

individuo, individual, person, man, member, fellow.

índole, f., nature, characteristic.

indomable, unwieldy.

indómito, wild.

indudable, certain, doubtless.

indudablemente, doubtless.

indulgencia, indulgence, absolution.

industria, industry.

inefable, unspeakable.

inerte, inert, lifeless.

inescrutable, inscrutable.

inexplicable, incomprehensible.

inextinguible, inextinguishable, perpetual.

infalibilidad, f., infallibility.

infamador, -a, defamer.

infame, m., wretch; adj., infamous, despicable.

infancia, infancy.

infante, -a, prince (princess) of royal blood.

infantil, childish, childlike; caterva —, crowd of children.

infeliz, m. or f., poor wretch, feeble-minded person; adj., unfortunate, wretched, silly, poor.

infernal, infernal, disgusting.

infierno, infernal regions, hell; confusion.

ínfimo, low, lowest; least.

infinidad, f., infinity, endless number.

infinito, endless, infinite.

inflamación, f., inflammation.

inflamatorio, inflammatory.

inflexible, relentless.

informalidad, f., indiscretion, neglect of conventionalities.

informarse (de), to make inquiries (about), investigate.

infranqueable, insurmountable.

infructuoso, fruitless, unsuccessful.

infundir, to pour, infuse, inspire (with); arouse.

ingeniero, engineer.

ingenuidad, f., candor, openness.

ingenuo, ingenuous, open, frank; ingenious.

ingerir (ie), to insert, place among other things.

inglés, -a, English.

ingrato, ungrateful, mean.

ingratón, -ona (aug.), ungrateful; noun, ingrate.

ingresar, to enter, come in.

ingreso, ingress, entrance.

inhospitalario, dreary, inhospitable.

inicial, initial.

injusto, unjust, wrongful.

inmediatamente, immediately.

inmediato, near, next, immediate.

inmenso, immense.

inmigración, f., immigration; tomar el camino de la —, to leave for foreign parts.

inmóvil, motionless.

inmovilidad, f., immobility.

inmutable, unalterable.

innato, innate, inborn.

inocencia, innocence.

inocente, innocent, simple.

inquietarse, to worry, be troubled.

inquieto, uneasy, restless, worried; de —, with (for) uneasiness.

inquietud, f., uneasiness, anxiety.

insaciable, insatiable.

insalubre, unhealthful.

inseguro, unsteady, faltering.

insensato, mad, insensate.

insensiblemente, insensibly.

insigne, notable, illustrious, distinguished.

insinuación, f., hint, suggestion.

insinuante, insinuating, obliging, ingratiating.

insistir (en), to insist.

insolencias, effrontery, forwardness.

insólito, unaccustomed.

insomnio, insomnia.

inspección, f., inspection.

inspirar, to inspire, cause.

instalación, f., installation.

instantáneamente, instantly.

instante, m., moment; por —s, continually; en — tan supremo, at this supreme moment.

instinto, instinct, natural tendency.

instituto, institute (a government school of secondary instruction, where students prepare for the university. It is about equivalent to a high school).

instruido, instructed, learned, educated.

insufrible, intolerable, unbearable.

insulto, insult.

intacto, untouched, undisturbed, intact.

íntegro, complete(ly), integral, unbroken.

inteligencia, intelligence, understanding.

intemperancia, intemperance, excess.

intención, f., intention, design, view.

intensamente, intensely; — azul, deep blue.

intenso, intense, violent.

intentar, to try, attempt.

intento; al —, on purpose; adj., intent.

interceder, to intercede.

intercesión, f., intercession.

interés, m., interest.

interesarse (con), to be interested (in).

interior, m., interior, mind.

interiormente, internally, in one's heart.

interlocutor, -a, speaker, questioner; su —, the one who spoke to him.

intermedio, intermediate, interposed.

interminable, endless.

internarse (en), to extend toward the interior of the country; enter, penetrate into.

interpelado, one appealed to, person, questioned or addressed.

interpretación, f., interpretation.

interpretar, to interpret, explain.

interpuesto (p. p. of interponer), placed or situated (between).

interrogar, to question.

interrumpir, to interrupt.

intervenir, to intervene, mediate, assist.

intimidad, f., intimacy.

intimidarse, to be intimidated.

íntimo, intimate, familiar, private, deep.

intolerable, unbearable.

intraducible, untranslatable.

introducción, f., introduction.

introducirse, to get in, enter.

inundar, to inundate, flood.

inútil, useless, unnecessary, in vain.

inutilidad, f., uselessness.

inútilmente, in vain.

invadiente, descending, invading.

invadir, to invade, inundate.

invariablemente, invariably.

inventar, to invent.

inverosímil, improbable, inconceivable.

inveterado, inveterate, deep-rooted.

invierno, winter.

invitar (á), to invite.

invocar, to invoke, appeal to.

involuntariamente, involuntarily.

iñor = señor.

ir, to go, go on; keep on (+ a pr. p.); vamos á (+ inf.), let us; ¡vamos! come! well!; fué rodando, went rolling; —se, to go away; me voy, I am going; ¡vámonos! let us go!; ¿cómo te va? how goes it with you?

ira or —s, anger, rage.

iracundo, angry, irate.

irascible, petulant.

irradiar, to irradiate.

irreflexivo, rash, thoughtless.

irresoluto, irresolute.

irrespetuoso, disrespectful, irreverent.

irritado, irritated, angry.

irritar, to irritate.

Isidro, prop. noun; San —, Saint Isidro ("the Ploughman", was born in the 12th century on what became the site of Madrid, of which city he is the patron saint. The día de San Isidro is the 15th of May).

izar, to hoist, raise up (on high).

izquierdo, left; por izquierda, to or on the left.