INDEX TO THE APPENDICES.
Reading edition
NOTE.—It must be distinctly understood that no responsibility for the statements or views indicated by this index or set forth in the appendices is assumed either by the delegates collectively or by the Editor.
Abel, Prof., on Mr. Preece’s Paper, 102
Academy of Sciences, Report made to, 51 et seq.
Accident at Athelney, Bournemouth, 201
„ at Carmarthen, 217
„ at Caterham, 210
„ Masulipatam, 206
„ Trolley Bottom, Herts, 196
„ in Belgium, 129
„ in England, 38, 129
„ in low-lying parts of France, 129
„ in mountainous parts of France, 129
„ to a French frigate, 200
„ various, 126
„ within small areas, 201
Action, Mechanical, of lightning, 85
Adams, Prof. W. G., Abstracts by, 76, 82
Addiscombe, chimney of house struck, 38
“Ætna,” Ship, struck at Corfu, 88
Aigrettes or brushes of points, 139 (See Points Multiple).
Air in electric field in state of strain, 135
„ terminals (See Points).
Alatri, Cathedral of, 126
Allen, R., Letter from, 183
All Saints’ Church, Nottingham, struck, 37
Alphand, M., his Report, 67
Alphington Church, near Exeter, struck, 37
America, gutters and water pipes used, 125
Analysis of Manufacturers’ Remarks, &c., 17
Anderson, R., on Lightning Conductors, 120
„ on testing, 111, 127
Androuët, M., his assistance, 225
Angle iron conductors, advantages of, 111
(246)Angles, Sharp, to be avoided, 11, 16, 28, 71, 94, 99, 178
„ useful for discharging electricity, 111
Arago, on bends in conductors, 94
„ „ earth terminals, 95
Architects, Royal Institute of British, Report of, 27
Area protected (See Protection, Area of).
„ Sectional, 15, 18, 22, 49, 110, 131, 132, 195, 223
„ „ insufficiency of, 63
„ „ varied with length, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 24, 131
„ „ not varied with length, 4, 16, 243
Asted, Col., Report of Accident, 206
Atmospheric Electricity, 112, 119
„ „ by D. Brooks, 117
„ „ by R. Phillips, 98
„ „ origin of, 117
Attachment should always be of same metal as conductor, 21
„ to building, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 24, 31, 39, 81, 99, 103, 115, 125, 130, 193
Attraction, Conductors do not attract lightning, 71
„ Specific, equal in all bodies, 73
Attractive points, 127
Austria, Accidents in, from Lightning, 126
Aylmer, J., his assistance, 228
Ayrton, Prof., Abstracts by, 43, 83, 85, 90
„ „ on Clerk Maxwell’s Lightning Conductors, 132
„ „ on Indian telegraphs, 102
Babinet, M., his Report, 60, 66
Backstroke of lightning dangerous, 85
(247)Baker, A. J., his Report, 34
Ball, Hollow, with small points (See Points Multiple) 13, 23
„ is a point when compared to a cloud, 73
„ lightning, (See Lightning Ball.)
Ballu, M., his Report, 67
Band (See Tape and Plait).
Barns full of new hay likely to be struck, 125
Barque “Southern Queen” struck, 205
Bar of iron, bad joints in, 116
„ Melted by lightning, 61
„ Rectangular flat, 74
„ Small, become heated, 116
Base of conductor should bifurcate, 65, 243
Batteries, Casemated, 70
Bayonne, Powder magazine at, 87
“Beagle,” H.M.S., struck by lightning, 195
Beams, how connected, 10
Becquerel, M., his Report, 60, 66
„ on discharge of lightning, 131
„ on conducting power of metals, 124
Belgrand, M., his Report, 67
Bell, Hornsby & Co.’s experience, 193
Bells in church steeple, 85
Bell wire acts as a conductor, 39, 195
Bends, Sharp, to be avoided (See Angles).
Berehaven lighthouse struck by lightning, 208
Bisby, Mr., of Leeds, his conductor, 75
Bishop’s Rock Lighthouse, 190
Blitzableiter, Von G. Karsten, 114
Blunt conductor (See Ball and Points).
Boat, Packet, struck (See Ships) 61
Bolts, Iron, attracted lightning, 40
„ to be connected with conductor, 11
Books on Lightning Conductors, Catalogue of, 143
Bootham Bar, York, 219
Borrel, M., his views, 226
Boy on pony, pony killed, boy escaped, 48
Branches, Connecting, 183
Brandon, D., his Report, 34
Brass not a reliable metal, 62, 124, 227
„ wire rope used in Bavaria, 124
Break in conductor not fatal, 53
„ „ „ to be avoided, 63
Brescia powder magazine blown up, 76
British Association Report, 1860, 46
Brixton Church struck, 84
Broek, R. Van der, Abstracts by, 114, 119, 137, 138, 140, 141
(248)Brook, Conductor to be carried to it, 14
Brooks, D. 103, 181
Brough, Mr., on Lightning Rods, 19, 49, 181
Bruntcliffe, Yorkshire, Gunpowder store destroyed, 74, 216
Brussels, Town Hall at, Lightning protector at, 138
Brydone, Mr., Report of an accident, 85
Buchanan, G., on gas works chimney, 89
Bucknill, Capt., on the protection of buildings, 243
Building, containing masses of metal, 61
„ continually under attacks, 123
„ injured, though protected, 27, 128
„ Long, to have several conductors, 25, 202
„ Metallic, safe, 72
„ protected by cage of wires, 132
„ struck from, 1589 to, 1879, 126
Burges, Mr., 190
Cable conductors (See Rope).
Cagniard de Latour, M., his Report on Points, 60, 66
Calcutta, Report on conductors at, 117
Callaud, A., his Treatise, 103
„ his grapnel in basket of coke, 131
Canton, Mr., his experiments in London, 80
Capacity of conductors, 127
Caps, Cast-iron, to chimneys, 103
Carbon in well, 180
Carmarthen, Accident at, 217
Casing of lead or wood for iron earth terminals, 125
Catalogue of works upon lightning conductors, 143
Caterham, accident at, 210
Cathedral of Alatri, 126
Cavendish, Hon. H., his Report, 76, 79
Cemented water tank, iron conductor in it, 130
Chain conductors melted, 61, 62
„ though broken, still useful, 54
„ objectionable, 9, 61, 62, 88, 123
„ Early use of, as conductors, 122
„ Old iron, for earth terminals, 74, 204
Chapel, Rycroft, struck, 45, 46
Chapman, Gen. Sir F. E., his Report, 72
Charcoal for earth terminals, 12, 16, 58, 125, 126
(249)Charles, M., his Report on Instructions for erecting conductors, 57
Cheapness of galvanized iron, 132
Chimney, Accidents to, soon after erection, 194
„ Granite, in Plymouth Dockyard, struck, 73
„ Metal Caps to be joined to Conductors, 125
„ New, contain much moisture, 194
„ not struck that had conductors, 193
„ of Edinburgh Gas-works, 89
„ over, 90 feet have conductors, 193
„ rod to be on, 100
„ rope on, liable to corrosion, 125
„ Shafts, copper band round top of, 9
„ Stacks are Conductors, 7
„ struck, 27, 28, 40, 45, 193, 194
„ struck because of heated air, 113
„ struck before completion, 94
„ struck that had no conductors, 38, 193
„ very rarely struck at Glasgow, 193
„ with soot dangerous conductors, 106
„ Zinc, struck, 37
Church, Brixton, struck, 84
„ Charles, at Plymouth, 86
„ Christ, Carmarthen, 217
„ Rosenberg, in Carinthia, destroyed, 1730, 123
„ St. Bride, Fleet Street, damaged, 126
„ Ste. Croix, Ixelles, struck by lightning, 140
„ St. George, Leicester, damage to 126, 240
„ St. Giles, Cripplegate’s truck, 196
„ St. Mary, Genoa, 126
„ Southampton, damage to, 126
„ Steeple at Bodmin, destruction of, 202
„ struck, 29, 37, 106, 126, 137, 199
„ struck near Isleworth, 199
„ tower, with pinnacles, 10, 29, 137
„ towers struck in past, 400 years, 202
„ with lightning conductor, 128
„ without lightning rods damaged, 126
(250)Cinders with grating (See Earth Terminals).
Circuit to be tested by galvanometer, 130, 244
Cistern dangerous for base of conductor, 64
Claire-Deville, M., his Report, 67
Clamps, Iron, acted as conductors, 43
Clark, J. E., Accident at Bootham Bar, York, 219
„ Latimer, Abstracts by, 103, 106
Clay, Conductor to be taken below surface of, 14
Clevedon Church struck, 126
Clifton, E. N., his Report, 41
Clips, Gun-metal, 24
Clouds are not perfect conductors, 101
Cluster of points (See Points Multiple).
Coke, broken, better than charcoal, 116
„ prevents action of sulphur, 120
„ round conductors, 9, 116, 118, 126, 131
%center%(See Earth Terminals).
Cole Brothers, 192
Colliery Chimney near Sunderland struck, 193
„ Workings, Lightning in, 237
Colson, J., his Report, 28, 34
Commission on damage by lightning, 127
Comparative resistance to fusion, 141
„ „ rupture, 141
Conducting power depends on amount of copper in conductor, 200
„ „ of metals, 74, 124, 131, 139
„ „ of wires, 177
Conduction, is it a question of surface or of mass? 15, 18, 49, 132
Conductive capacity deficient in trees, 127
Conductor at ends of buildings has radius of protection lessened, 134
„ Construction of, 63, 107, 178, 179
„ Cost of, for Houses of Parliament, £2314, 122
„ damaged by holdfasts, 115, 193
„ destroyed at ground line, 131
„ partly destroyed, yet useful, 62
„ deteriorate, 127
„ dimensions of (See Size of).
„ do not attract lightning, 88
(251)Conductor, every, should be complete in itself, 22
„ Examination of, 9, 72, 102, 111, 124, 127, 130, 131, 132, 179, 244
„ Expansion of, 11, 70, 125, 128, 226
„ First, 121
„ „ in England, 85, 121
„ „ in Europe, 122, 129
„ for lighthouses, 195, 199
„ for iron ships, 122, 200
„ for wooden ships, Snow Harris’s, 195, 199
„ for steeples, with horizontal bands, 125
„ how to be connected with metal portions of buildings, 65, 125, 126, 128
„ imperfect, Effect of, 21, 209
„ in contact with metal in chimney, 111
„ influenced by new water and gas mains, 127
„ influenced by trees, 127
„ is it to be a rope, rod, tube, or band?, 18, 132, 195
„ joints in (See Joints).
„ laid in underground water, 128
„ led into cemented water tank, 130
„ „ water butt, 107
„ Main, 183
„ must protect ridge, gable ends, and eaves, 112
„ not to be insulated (See Insulation).
„ not to rise less than, 15ft. above chimney, 122
„ now same as Franklin’s, 124
„ number necessary, how determined, 51
„ of copper, 107, 130
„ „ and zinc wire, 205
„ „ tape, 206
„ „ rope, 196, 203
„ „ the best, 125
„ of hollow tube, 122, 196
„ of Hotel de Ville, Brussels, 126
„ of iron, 55, 107, 125, 131, 139, 140
„ of large surface better than rod, 113
„ of links of copper, 202
„ of numerous thin wires, 139
„ of solid bolt, 196
„ of zinc wire melted, 107
(252)Conductor on buildings, to be linked together, 204
„ on churches at Torquay defective, 130
„ on ridge of roof, 125
„ outside, 60, 126
„ Points of (See Points.)
„ properly made, and properly fixed, insures safety, 12
„ protects conical space (See Protection, Area of).
„ reached water without earth plate, 128
„ Ridge, 68, 177
„ should extend above building, 106, 202
„ should it present a large surface section? (See Area Sectional).
„ size of, 10, 12, 18, 19, 22, 86, 119, 125, 126, 129, 131, 192, 194, 202, 214, 223, 225, 243
„ spirally coiled up, 128
„ struck by lightning, 128
„ supposed perfect, proved defective, 131
„ theory and action of, 106
„ to be close to wall of building, 11, 15, 86
„ to be continuous, 179
„ to be fixed by iron staples, 125
„ to be, 4 inches from walls and roofs, 118
„ to be inside, 126, 225
„ to be on side most exposed to weather, 60
„ to be of metal of high conductivity, 131
„ to be symmetrically arranged, 105
„ to earth by shortest route, 126
„ to gas and water mains (See Earth Terminals).
„ to Middlesboro’ Hospital, 204
„ to rest in hooks, 179
„ to St. Alphege Church, Greenwich, 206
„ to St. Michael’s Church, Blackheath, 205
Cone of platinum (See Platinum).
Conic Terminals (See Points).
Conference Circulars by the Lightning Rod, 3, 175
(253)Conic Space, protected (See Protection, Area of).
Connection (See Earth Terminals, and also Joints).
„ of metallic masses, 9, 10, 76, 77, 186
„ „ not necessary, 126
Contact between iron and copper to be avoided, 111
Continuity between point and earth contact, 129
Contraction to be provided for, 70, 125, 128
Copper and iron form best conductors, 119
„ and iron soldered, 107
„ and zinc wire bad for conductors, 205
„ Australian, 124
„ better than silver, 139
„ conducting power of, 19, 124, 131, 139
„ conductors, 18, 70, 86, 117, 119, 125, 126, 130
„ conductor too small, 126
„ earth plate in dry sand, 128
„ is it alone to be used?, 18
„ less liable to oxidise, 131
„ not to be in contact with galvanized iron, 102
„ nuts, 192
„ or iron conductors, 70, 192
„ plates, bent, 125
„ plate ending for conductors, 128
„ plates to provide for expansion, 125
„ points (See Points).
„ preferred to iron, 131
„ purity of, 19, 124
„ rarely used, 125
„ tape recommended, 206
„ rod conductor, 185, 186, 202
„ rod, ½ in. diam. has never been fused, 125
„ rod on Eddystone Lighthouse, 184
„ rope conductor carelessly fixed, 196
„ rope conductor insulated, 194
„ rope to be used, 125,131
„ „ of thick wires
„ Russian, 124
„ Spanish, 124
„ tubing, 74, 122
„ wire fused throughout its length, 195
„ wires, deterioration of, 114
„ wire rope applied to St. Paul’s Cathedral, 131
„ wire rope, dimensions of, 8, 223
(254)Corn stacks fired by lightning, 187
Coronal to be placed on chimneys, 132
Corrosion of joints of rod, 126
Cotton Mill, Explosion at, 239
Coulomb, M., his Report, 51, 53
Couplings, form of (See Joints).
Coutt’s Brewery, a rod at, 89
Cramps, iron, stones held by, 29
Cross, Metal, 53, 85, 227
Croxton Park, trees struck, 48
Cruickshank, A., his Report, 44
Crutches on roof to carry rod, 52, 227
Current, what it is, 100
Cutting and Co., their conductor coupling, 216
Cylinder in water (See Earth Terminals).
Cylindrical rod or wire rope the best, 134
D’Alibard, M., his experiments at Marly, 80
Damage to building by alteration of position of safe, 127
D’Amico, Sig., 179
Damp air, a conductor, 48
Dampness of new chimneys cause of being struck, 194
Danger of explosion from use of gas pipes, 201
Davioud, M., his report, 67
Davis, H. D., suggestion about gas pipes, 201
„ Jno. & Son, their answer, 14, 15, 17
Davy on conducting power of metals, 124
Deaths from lightning, 100, 126
De la Place, M., his Report to French Academy, 51
De la Rive says blunt points or balls equally effective, 106
De la Rue’s (Dr. Warren) experiments, 133, 135
Delaval, M., his Report, 76
Delieul, Messrs., points made by, 66
De Lor, M., his experiments in Paris, 80
Denmark, lightning conductors in, 176
Desains, M., his Report, 67
De Saussure’s neighbours frightened at his conductors, 122
De Senarmont, M., his Report on points, 66
Designs for protecting private houses, 125
Despretz, M., his Report on points, 66
Destruction of conductors by use of iron wall eyes, 131
Dimensions of conductors (See Conductors, Sizes of).
(255)Dimensions of upper terminals, 17, 18
Discharge diverted from conductor by an anchor, 128
„ from thunder cloud over plane surface would be vertical, 127
„ of electricity by trees lessens energy of lightning, 127
„ of electricity of high potential obeys laws of Ohm, 134
„ of lightning—Earth contact, 131
„ passes through conductor, Faraday, 132
Discharging fork to be attached to lower end of conductor, 11, 231
Doherty, J., on explosion at Swan Cotton Mill, 239
Doors, copper, to magazines, 74
„ iron, to powder store, 76
„ lightning passed out of, 27, 48
Drain, conductor to be led into, 14
Duc, M., his Report, 67
Dugmore, Mr., his evidence, 198
Duhamel, M., his Report, 60, 66
Dulong, M., his joint instructions, 59
Dum Dum, accident at, 181
Du Moncel, Comte, 67, 226
Dungeness Lighthouse, 183, 186
Duprez, M., his statistics of buildings and ships struck, 91
„ on height of points, 96
Dymond, E. E., Abstracts by, 51, 108
Earth, “bad”, 110, 117, 126, 127, 209, 210, 218
„ moist, better than a well for end of conductor, 74
„ plate, pipe, or tube, 9, 24, 100, 114, 115, 118, 120, 128, 177, 179, 186, 231
„ plates at Torquay carried out to sea, 130
„ „ unnecessary, 16
„ Terminals, 11, 13, 14, 15, 21, 56, 95, 102, 106, 109, 116, 126, 131, 140, 180
„ „ at base of rain water pipe, 132
„ „ bad, 110, 117, 126, 127, 209, 210, 218
„ „ Borrell’s, 226
„ „ Callaud’s, 104, 125, 131
„ „ destroyed in moist earth, 116
„ „ Discussion on, 131
„ „ Duplicate, 65
„ „ important, 11, 71, 126, 131, 243
(256)Earth Terminals of conductors in iron box, 126, 231
„ „ of conductors, Stotherd, Lt.-Col., 130
„ „ in wells, 15, 56, 60, 74, 77, 100, 118, 126, 139, 179, 180, 231, 243
„ „ iron should be galvanised, 120
„ „ length of, 11
„ „ multiple, 139, 243
„ „ Oxidation of, 125, 131
„ „ Rules for, 64, 72, 132
„ „ to be accessible, 68
„ „ to be carried away from building, 107
„ „ to be connected, 120
„ „ to be deep and wet, 107
„ „ to be good, 126, 130
„ „ to be in moist ground, 21, 52, 55, 56, 58, 74, 113, 118, 123, 124, 125, 126, 131
„ „ to be tested, 111, 131
„ „ with charcoal cinders or coke, 9, 12, 16, 23, 24, 58, 104, 116, 120, 125, 126, 131
„ „ with coil of conductor, 9
„ „ with galena, &c., 58
„ „ with gas pipes (See Gas).
„ „ with iron forks or harrows, 11, 131
„ „ with old iron, 74, 204
„ „ with water, 52, 53, 67, 68, 126, 130, 140
„ „ „ pipes, 9, 26, 46, 55, 56, 68, 118, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 231, 235, 243
Eddystone Lighthouse, 183, 184, 186, 189, 191
Effects of climate on copper and zinc wire ropes, 205
Electric current checked, 193
„ discharge takes path with best conduction, 127
„ fire not diverted from its path by rod, 125
Electricity a terribly explosive power, 72
„ Atmospheric, 98, 112, 117, 119
(257)Electricity, frictional and atmospheric the same, 82, 112
„ carried off by water pipe, 126
„ for telegraphic purposes follows Ohm’s laws, 133
„ is force, not matter, 100
„ of earth negative—atmosphere positive, 112
„ Static, laws of, 132
„ will leave small conductors for large ones, 204
Electrodes, 110
Elevated rods preferable to low conductors, 79
End of conductor, lower, to be coiled up, 9
Energy of lightning lessened by trees, 127
England, accidents from lightning, 126
Escurial, no conductor on, 100
Examination of Conductors (See Conductors, Examination of).
Expansion of conductor to be allowed for, 11, 70, 125, 128, 226, 229
Experiment on wire across Thames, 121
„ on plait of copper and zinc wire at Blackheath, 205
„ with a very thin strip of tinfoil, 199
„ with glass rods, 121
Explosion of a gas meter, 239
Explosions, electrical, their cause, 81
Extent of surface does not favour lightning discharges, 134
Eyes for fastening conductors, 99, 115 (See Attachment).
Faraday on conductors, 83, 84, 89, 102, 132, 183, 186, 187, 189, 190, 195, 196, 199.
Field, Rogers, C.E., on accident at Caterham, 210
„ on ventilating pipes, 216
Fire of inflammable materials, 127
First conductor erected in England, 85, 121
First conductor fixed in Europe at Hamburg, 122, 129
Fixing conductors to ships, 87
Fizeau, M., his report on powder magazines, 66, 67
Flagstaff should have a conductor, 70
„ struck, 44, 187, 196
Flashing, Lead, how to connect wire rope with, 10, 11, 34
Flash, lightning, effects of, 84
(258)Flow of electricity through conductors, 133
Flues copper, 183, 185
„ lightning passed down, 38, 39
„ warm, and an iron grate, a dangerous conductor, 101
Forest Hill, chimney of house struck, 38
Forms of upper terminals (See Point).
Formula for determining area protected (See Protection, Area of).
Foster, Prof. G. Carey, on Personal safety, 233
Fountains, Public, conductor lead away from, 56
Franklin, Dr., and wet rat, 85
„ discovered pointed metal best conductor, 121
„ erected lightning rod to his house, 121
„ experiments, 79, 84
„ „ repeated by Buffon & Dalibar, 115
„ first conductor was melted, 116
„ his report to French Academy, 51
„ on cold fusion, 102
„ on connection of lightning rod, 54
„ report on Purfleet, 76, 126
„ round rod best, 114
„ success in pushing use of conductors, 121
„ tried his kite successfully, 121
Freeman & Collier, their answer, 10, 17
French instructions, 51
„ „ on area protected, 22
Fresnel, M., his instructions, 59
Frost, A. J., Abstracts by, 99, 118
Fusion, metals which resist, only to be used, 139
„ of defective conductor, 215
„ of rod, Wheatstone on, 83
Gable near conductor struck by lightning, 28
Galena, and melted sulphur, Bed of for end of conductor, 58
Galvanic action between iron and copper, 111, 130
„ of wet and smoke on conductors, 205
Galvanised conductor painted, 139
„ iron, 19, 67, 68, 72, 101, 120, 124, 125, 132, 139
„ not to be in contact with copper, 102
(259)Galvanised iron best material for earth contact, 130
Galvanometer for testing earth currents, 131
Gas and water mains, 113
„ „ „ utilisation of, 9, 28, 37, 39, 44, 72, 100, 102, 103, 108, 114, 117, 125, 126, 128, 138, 201, 231, 235
Gas coke for earth terminal, 23, 24
Gases from chimney injure conductors, 111
Gas ignited, 219
„ meter exploded, 239
Gasometer struck, 43
Gas-pipes, Soft metal, not to be used as conductors, 108
Gavarret’s, M., experiments, 139
Gavey, J., on accident at Carmarthen, 217
Gay Lussac’s iron conductor recommended, 104
German “reception rod” of iron, 125
Geneva cathedral, 103
Genoa, St. Mary’s Church, 126
Gilbert, Dr. (1600) magnetic and galvanic action one force, 120
Gilt point (See Point Gilded.)
Girard, M., his instructions, 59
Girders, how connected, 10
Glass, foundation of house insulated, 118
„ insulators (See Insulators.)
„ repeller, 83, 185, 186
Globular Lightning (See Lightning, Ball).
Goldie’s, Mr., experience, 193
Governments, French and English, size of rod sanctioned by, 12
Grapnels and gratings for earth plates, 125, 126, 131
Gray, J. W. and Son, their answer, 7–9, 17
“Gridiron,” Termini of ribs pointed, 23, 24
Groome’s, J. E., evidence, 196, 197, 198
Ground connection (See Earth Terminals).
„ containing ironstone, 48
Guillemin’s, M., opinion, 132
Gunpowder stores, conductor, how to be fixed, 82
Gutters, Metallic, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 60, 125, 213
„ must be connected with conductor, 60
„ utilization of, 47, 125, 244
Guyton, M., his practice with charcoal, 58
Haigh & Son’s Colliery, 74, 216
(260)Harris, Sir William Snow, Crown adviser, 8
„ combated the idea that rods attracted lightning, 122
„ conductors to ships and buildings, 83, 122, 130, 196
„ in conflict with Faraday, 195, 196, 200
„ on Sectional Area, 110
„ on copper conductors, 202
„ on expense of conductors, 49
„ on fusion, 86
„ on hollow or solid conductors, 74
„ on relative conductivity of metals, 71
„ on shipwrecks by lightning, 90
„ on thunderstorms, 85
„ Principles adopted by, 70, 101
„ regarding insulators, 15
„ report on safety of conductors, 72, 110
„ says discharges pass over surface, 132
„ suggestions issued in army circulars, 122
Hauksbee, F., F.R.S., similarity of electric flash and lightning, 121
Hawksley, T., his report, 37
Hay a bad conductor, 127
Hay newly gathered, inflammable, 127
Heated smoke from chimney, a conductor, 132
Heckingham poorhouse struck, 87
Height of rods, 120, 124, 125, 139, 177
Hemispheres of brass, experiments with, 105
Henly, W., his report, 78, 79
Henry, Prof. Joseph, on construction of lightning rods, 99, 181
Herring’s, Mr., evidence, 196
Heryet, Chas. J., his opinion, 206
Higginbotham’s, Mr., evidence, 194
High buildings a source of safety to lower ones near, 12
Highton, E., on lightning conductors, 239
Hill, A., his Report, 37
Hine, G. J., his Report, 37
Hine, T. C., and Sons, Architects, ground plan of Nottingham Castle, 26
Holborn Union Infirmary, Upper Holloway, struck, 39
Holdfast, brass, 16
„ copper, 7, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24, 39
„ driven in too tight, 16, 193 (See Attachment.)
Hole in ship’s side, made by lightning, 62
Honeyman’s, J., evidence, 194
(261)Hook and rings used as joints, 94
Hoop iron in brickwork of chimneys struck, 46
Hoops round chimney, 89
Hopkins, Rev. G. H., his Report, 30
Horizontal conductor, 71
„ conductors for steeples, 125
Horsley, Bishop, his Report, 79
Hotel des Invalides, Paris, conductor on, 86
Hotel de Ville, Brussels, conductors of, 126
House at Bethnal Green cut in two by lightning, 41
„ at Bournemouth with, 7 conductors, 199
„ at Cannes (France) struck, 198
„ near trees struck, 127
„ of Parliament protected by Harris’s conductors, 122
„ with two separate conductors, 128
Hugueny, M. F., on “Le coup de foudre de l’ile du Rhin”, 99
Ignition depends on retardation of discharge, 127
Infirmary, how to be protected, 10
Ingenhousz’s, Dr., experiments, 122
Ingram, Mr., of Belvoir Castle, on trees struck, 47
Inspection of conductors, 9, 72, 102, 111, 124, 127, 130, 131, 132, 179, 244
Instructions, 63, 99, 176, 181, 240
„ British Army Circular, 70
„ French Official, 59
„ for formation of good earth, 64, 72, 132
Instrument hut at Valencia, how protected, 105
Insulation, shock decreased by, 118
Insulators, 34, 37, 76, 99, 184, 186, 194
„ approved, 13, 118
„ objected to, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 24, 68, 69, 73, 86, 89, 103, 111, 118, 126, 139, 186, 226
Iron a better conductor than formerly, 19
„ and copper form best conductors, 119
„ as a conductor, not objected to if galvanised, 19
„ bar, 131, 226
„ „ melted, 61
„ bars on ridge for metallic connection, 125
„ better than copper, 192, 243
„ box for earth contact of conductors, 126
(262)Iron buildings covered with asphalte, 70
„ built ship, metal-rigged, if protected, 122, 200
„ cables, galvanized, sometimes used, 125
„ conductors, 18, 69, 74, 116, 125
„ „ bad, 9, 39, 192
„ „ good, 81, 243
„ „ cost of, 19, 70, 124, 132
„ „ should weigh, 13 to, 37 oz. per foot, 119
„ galvanized for conductor, 74, 116, 132, 139
„ has greater specific heat than copper, 132
„ its high temperature at fusion, 132
„ in coke undergoes no change, 116
„ Joints in defective, 116
„ not to be used for rods, 123
„ points, 88, 138
„ pumps reaching to water act as attractive points, 127
„ rain water pipes, good conductors, 102, 113
„ “reception rod” used in Germany, 125
„ rods on all sides best protection, 124
„ safe in altered position caused damage to building, 127
„ staples and wall eyes, 125, 130
„ terminal rods, 124, 125
„ underground, destruction of prevented, 125
„ wires surrounding copper wire, 200
Isolators (See Insulators).
Italy, Lightning rods used there, 179
Jarriant, M., his books abstracted, 111, 115
„ his manufactory, 227
Jenkin, Professor, says point prevents discharge, 106
Jerman, J., his report, 37
Johnson, Clapham & Morris, their answer,13
Johnston, W. P., 181
Joints, avoided in wire cables, 132
„ Cutting & Co., 216
„ damaged, 69, 110, 126
„ how avoided in upper terminals, 23
„ how made, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 24, 52, 55, 59, 63, 70, 71, 103, 179, 192, 243
„ must be perfect, 58, 131
„ of bars always defective, 116
„ of extra thickness, 74
„ of rain water pipes, 132
(263)Joints should be metallically continuous, 20
„ soldered, 9, 24, 66, 68, 70, 71, 102, 123, 125, 139, 140, 141, 243
„ to be avoided, 10, 11, 16, 20, 63
Journal of Society of Telegraph Engineers, May, 12, 1875, 130
“Jupiter” ship struck, 62, 95
Karsten, Prof. D. G., lightning conductors, by, 119
Kew, experiments at, on atmospheric electricity, 112
Kilbourne, Lieut., 181
Kirchoff, Prof., on connection with gas mains, 235
Kite, Silk, Franklin’s experiments with, 80
Korte’s, Messrs., Paper, 105
Lacoine, M., on area protected, 134
Lane, T., his Report, 79
Lantern on lighthouse, 184, 186
La Place, M., his Reports, 53, 57
Lateral discharge, 73, 83, 84, 85
Latham, Baldwin, on conductors, 202
Law, E. J., his Report, 37
Laws of Static electricity, 132
Lead a bad conductor, 123
„ at joints, 94, 125
„ casing for upper terminals, 131
„ floors, 188, 189
„ liked because of fitting sharp curves, 123
„ pipe for earth connection, 77
„ roofs and spouts, 51, 82, 102
„ thin sheet of, covering ends of wire, very dangerous, 20
Leaves of trees draw off electricity, 84
Lefevre-Gineau, M., his instructions, 59
Le Gentil, M., his observations, 84
Length and sectional areas, proportion between, 14
„ of conductor above top holdfast destroyed, 193
„ of conductor determines amount of resistance, 131
Lenz, M., on conducting power of metals, 124
Leroy, M., his Report, 51, 53
Lewis, Prof. T. Hayter, Abstracts by, 70, 79, 81, 84, 100, 110, 112, 117, 120, 179
„ his joint Report, 28, 37
Leyden discharges and lightning flashes, 84
„ Jar, 121
Lichtenberg of Gottingen, his opinion, 129
(264)Liddell, J., on lightning conductors, 202
Lighthouses and exposed buildings protected did not suffer, 106
Lighthouse at Berehaven struck by lightning, 208
„ damaged by lightning, 196
„ lightning rods on, 183, 190
Lightning an immense electric spark, 123
„ Ball, 99, 101, 102, 108, 205, 242
„ Bifurcated, 45
„ conductor (See Conductor).
„ diffused, 108
„ does it pass inside or outside conductor?, 15, 18, 49, 132
„ Flash, 108
„ follows line of least resistance, 108
„ Force of, exemplified, 45
„ Globular (See supra Ball).
„ going to earth without conductor, 128
„ identical with electricity, 82
„ incandescent matter, 100
„ in colliery workings, 237
„ leaves conductor and enters chimney, 203
„ passed down mainmast and through ship, 195
„ passed to iron supports, 128
„ passing out of a ship by a copper bolt, 205
„ Personal safety from, 233
„ protectors (See Conductors).
„ ran along a bell wire, 195
„ „ thatched roof of house, 128
„ Rod Conference, their Circular, 28
„ Rods (See Conductors).
„ Sheet, 108
„ the cause of, 81
„ various forms of, 108
Lime, to prevent oxidation of cylinder, 140
Line, conductor should run round building, 134
Linked system of conductors introduced by Sir W. S. Harris, 204
Links of chains, 179
Llandaff Cathedral, conductor on, 102
Lofty buildings require larger rods (See Area, Sectional).
Long conductors above buildings, their effect, 77
Long’s, F., account of injury to Wells Church, 195
(265)Louvre, New Buildings of the, Special Report for, 64
„ slightly injured by lightning, 123
Low straggling buildings should have several conductors, 15
Lucas, Mr., his Report, 67
Lussac, Gay, M., his Report, 57, 59
McDonald’s, Mr., experience, 193
McGregor, W., protection from Lightning, 106
Magazine, copper doors and windows to, 74, 216
„ of metal, the safest, 73
„ underground, 70
„ well at each end of, 126
(See also Powder Magazines).
Magne, Mr., his Report, 67
Mahon, Lord, his Report, 79
Mairie, of, 20th Arrondissement struck, 69
Majendie, Major V. D., his Report, 74, 216
Malcolm, Major, R. E., discussion on lightning conductors, 131
Mann, Dr. R. J., Lecture at Society of Arts, 108
„ discussion on earth connections, 131
„ discussion on lightning conductors, 131
Man might touch conductor in thunder storm, 126
Marseilles, Powder Magazine at, how to be protected, 51, 52
Massingham, T., evidence and letter, 15, 16, 17, 193
Masses, metallic must be connected with conductor, 60, 94, 104, 126, 132, 240
Mass or surface, which conducts?, 13, 15, 18, 49, 74, 132, 227
Masts of large vessels, each to have a conductor, 6
Masulipatam, accident near, 206
Materials, inflammable, not ignited, 127
Maxwell, Hugh, on kind of trees struck, 47
Maxwell’s, Clerk, Theory, 109, 126, 132, 133
Mechanical action of lightning, 85
Meiszner’s improvement, 130
Melsens says discharge passes over surface, 132
„ System of protection as applied to monument at Lacken, 230
„ various works by, 124, 138, 140, 141
Men-of-war, old conductors in, 202
(266)Merton College, Oxford, damaged, 126
Metallic cap may assist protection of house, 132
„ circuit, 126
„ connection must be perfect, 130
„ connections on ridge by iron bars, 125
„ joints, 89
Metals, contact of dissimilar, results in decay, 19, 21
Metal cowl of chimney struck, 198
„ for points must be good conductor, 139
„ immaterial if sectional area be large, 131
„ in buildings, contiguity with to be avoided, 5
„ inside or out, to be connected with conductor, 125, 126
„ melted, dimensions of, 61, 83, 223, 231
„ of high conductivity for conductors, 131
„ stays and fastenings, 184, 185
Michel, M., Papers by, 67, 68, 111, 131
„ on galvanised wire rope, 131
Milne, D., his Report, 44
Mining Engineers, Enquiry by, 237
Mohn’s, H., Lynildens Farlighed I Norge, 106
Moist earth destroys terminal, 116
„ for lower terminal, essential, 21, 52, 56, 58, 125, 126
%center%(See Earth Terminals).
Moisture, Access of, to surfaces in contact, 71
Moncel, Comte du, his Report, 67
„ „ his opinions, 226
Monte Video, English Consul’s house struck, 195
Montgolfier, M., his Report, 57
Monument, London, its immunity from injury by lightning, 103
Morea, Signor Lerigi, 180
Müller’s, Prof., conditions for lightning conductors, 129
Müller’s, Dr. Hugo, experiments, 135
Municipal buildings in Paris, lightning rods for, 67, 225
Munson, D., & Co., their rods, 216
Murgatroyd, J., his report, 39
Murray, J., on Atmospheric Electricity, 82
Musgrave, Dr., his report, 79
Myers, Gen., 181
Nails, copper, used in attaching conductor to building, 14
%center%(See also Attachment).
(267)Nairne, E., his report, 79
Nash lights, 183, 187
National Institute (of France) report made to, 53
Nelson column, 90
Newton, Sir I., machine of glass, 120
“New York,” packet boat, struck, 61, 62
Nickson, Mr., his report, 78
Nottingham, Castle, how protected, 23, 24
Nuts, copper, 192
%center%(See Joints).
Number of persons killed by one discharge, 129
Objects on plains attract lightning, 127
Odour, sulphurous, of lightning, 85
Official instructions:
„ Denmark, 176
„ England, 70–74
„ France, 51–69
„ India, 181
„ Italy, 179
„ Norway, 106, 176
„ United States, 181
Ohm, his laws, 18, 133
„ on conducting power of metals, 124
Oldham, Explosion at, 239
Oliver, T., his report, 39
Oxidation, how to be avoided, 83
„ of copper less than that of iron, 131
„ of cylinder, 140
„ „ earth terminals, 131
„ „ surface of conductor unimportant, 73
„ „ terminals leads to failures of conductors, 131
Painted conductor, 69, 94, 99, 103, 113, 117
„ galvanized conductor, 139
Paint objected to, 67, 227
Palais de l’Industrie, Paris, its construction, 61
Paratonnerres, Traité des, 103
„ A Collin et Fils, Paris, 117
„ Nouveau par Jarriant, 111
„ par Jarriant, 115
Partial protection, 194, 244
Passage of electricity of tension in bad conductors, 141
Patterson, Mr., of Philadelphia, on good contact, 58
Payneshill, site of first conductor, 85
Pearson, J. L., his report, 39
Pegwell Bay, tide receded, 48
(268)Pennycook & Co., their answer, 13, 14, 17
Perfect lightning conductor, 131, 186
Perforated iron pipe as earth terminal, 114
Perrott’s, M., experiments, 139
„ remarks on earth contacts, 140
Perry, Prof., on conductors, 132
Personal safety from Lightning, 233
Persons killed by lightning in France, 129
Perspiration from flock of sheep, a conductor, 48
Phillips, R., on atmospherical electricity, 98
Phin, John, on lightning rods, 102, 181
Phipson, R.M., account of destruction of Wells Church, 194
Pidgeon, Mr., discussion on earth connections, 131
Pierron, M., his proposal, 52
Pinnacles on church towers, 10, 29, 137
Pipes, gas, (See Gas, Water, and Earth Terminals).
„ hard metal, as conductors, 108
„ iron, easily made into protectors, 102
„ of terra cotta, 180
„ rain-water, 34, 74
„ as earth terminal, 114
Plait of copper wire, 5, 9, 205, 210, 215
Planta, Mr., his report, 79
Plate, Earth (See Earth Plate).
Platinum points, 37, 115, 140, 227
„ „ approved of, 15, 54, 55, 59, 63, 66, 99, 104, 116, 120
„ „ objected to, 67, 73, 103, 123, 139
„ „ only half the conducting power of copper, 73
„ „ blunted, 69
„ „ fused, 128, 231
Plymouth, Charles Church at, 86
Point Aigrettes (See infra Multiple).
„ attracts electricity, 82
„ blunted, 53, 69
„ breaks the force of lightning, 73
„ coronal (See infra Multiple).
„ dimensions of, 17, 18, 120, 130, 178
„ Duhamel upon, 66
„ Engravings of some modern ones, 230
„ facilitate discharge, 131
(269)Point generally, 9, 17, 18, 76, 79, 81, 86, 92, 122, 125, 131, 139
„ gilded, 9, 55, 59, 71, 120, 138
„ „ needless, 73, 103, 113
„ height of, 52, 138
„ how to be fixed, 14, 52, 53, 55, 58, 130
„ in situ, examination of necessary, 18
„ melted, 53, 87, 92, 192, 195, 231
„ multiple, 34, 231
„ „ recommended, 10, 13, 14, 15, 23, 104, 108, 125, 132, 139, 243
„ „ objected to, 18, 71
„ not to be fusible, 93, 120
„ of attraction, 127
„ „ copper, 10, 13, 23, 66, 67, 107, 111, 117, 120, 123, 132, 139
„ „ iron, 88, 138
„ „ brass, 13
„ „ pinnacles to be united to main conductors, 118
„ „ platinum (See Platinum).
„ „ silver, 7, 120, 130, 139
„ „ three kinds, 138
„ „ vane, 186
%center%(See Vanes).
„ or blunt conductors, 77, 79, 106
„ render lateral discharges less probable, 131
„ Report upon, 60, 66
„ sharp, 129, 130, 132, 138, 139
„ „ not too, 92, 123, 129, 242
„ „ experiments with, 51, 80
„ should be kept clean, 130, 132
„ „ of good conducting metal, 139
„ should it be painted? (See Painted).
„ space protected by (See Protection, Area of).
„ square tapering, 23
„ used in Germany, fire gilded copper cone or sphere, 105, 111, 130
„ useful, 102, 122
„ useless, 77, 103, 113
„ vertical, horizontal, or perpendicular, 58
Poisson, M., his joint instructions, 59
Polarity of ship’s compass reversed by lightning, 121
Poles, Telegraphic, how protected, 101
Pouillet, M., his joint Report, 60, 66
„ on Conducting Powers of Metals, 124
„ „ Discharge of Lightning, 131
(270)Powder magazines, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 76, 81, 87, 109, 118, 123, 126, 130, 177, 178, 216
Preece’s, Mr. W. H., Abstract of Replies of Manufacturers, 22
„ Discussion on Lightning Conductors, 131
„ Discussion on Earth Connection, 131
„ Abstracts by, 98, 102, 117, 130, 132, 241, 243
„ on Conductors, 100
„ „ Ball Lightning, 101, 102
„ Paper Discussion on, 102
„ Proper Form of Lightning Conductors, 132
„ Space protected, 135
Priestly, Dr., his Report, 79
Pringle, Sir John, his Report, 79
„ advocated use of points, 122
Protector (See Conductor).
Protection, Area of, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 24, 57, 60, 64, 67, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 102, 106, 111, 112, 117, 123, 125, 134, 135, 137, 180, 192, 226, 230, 243
„ of buildings from lightning, 195
„ „ buildings from lightning, R. S. Brough, 132
„ „ iron from decay by galvanizing, 132
„ „ telegraph wires by lightning conductor, 130
„ partial, 194, 244
Prussia, accidents from lightning, 126
Purfleet, Board House struck, 76, 78, 88, 122, 126
Purity of copper essential, 124
Quadrangular iron bar for conductor (See Iron, Bar of).
Questions respecting damage by lightning, 28, 29
Radius of Protection (See Protection, Area of).
Railings to be joined to conductor, 125
Railway Terminus at Antwerp struck, 137
„ track makes capital earth, 117
Rain-water pipe as conductor, 37, 38, 41, 132, 213
Rat, Wet, indestructible by electricity, 85
Ravel, M. de Puy Contal, his proposal, 52
(271)“Reception rod” of iron used in Germany, 125
Regnault, M., his reports, 66
Regnier’s system of lightning rods, 54, 57
Regulations for lightning conductors in Denmark, 176
Repellers, Glass, 186
Resistance of conductor varies with its length (See Area, Sectional). Retarding influence of electrostatic capacity, 133
Return shock mechanical in effect, 129
Ribbons and tubes still in use, 133
„ or rods offer less resistance than ropes, 204
%center%(See also Tape.)
Richard & Co., their tall chimney struck, 44
Richmann, Prof., killed, 1753, whilst experimenting, 121
Ridges, metallic conductor covering, 68, 177
Rittenhouse, Dr., of Philadelphia, his observations, 53
Rivets, copper, used for joints, 24
Robins, E. C., his report, 39
Robertson, J., his report, 76
Rochon, M., his report, 51, 57
Rods better than ropes or chains, 96, 204
„ solid copper, 10, 13, 14, 15, 73, 89, 117, 123, 184, 195
„ copper not fusible, 125
„ copper, their size, 70, 180
„ Earth terminals of (which see).
„ elevation, how coupled, 24
„ horizontal, on roof, 52, 118
„ how to be fastened to buildings, (See Attachment).
„ iron, conductor, 10, 46, 47, 77, 99, 117, 177
„ „ tarred or galvanized, 104
„ „ the size of, 52, 58, 70, 74, 130
„ Joints in (See Joints).
„ Lightning, and how to construct them, 102
„ Munson’s, 216
„ must be thoroughly joined, 52
„ not to be inside chimney, 111
„ of greatest length gives most protection, 137
„ of spirally twisted iron, 192
„ Points of (See Points).
„ should be painted (See Painted).
(272)Rods, size of (See Conductor, Size of).
„ Tie, must be connected with conductor, 60
„ to be diameter of chimney above top, 111
„ to be made of conical form, 129
„ will not divert electric fire from its path, 125
Rome, system of rods used there, 179
Roof, all metals in, to be connected, 60, 72
„ covered with metal, 37, 69, 177
„ lead, easily made into protector, 102
„ of wood or slate has conductor on ridge, 125
„ with masses of metal, difficult to protect, 7
Rope better than rod, 5, 10, 60, 111, 113, 131, 243
„ brass wire, 60, 124
„ conductor, how to fit to ship’s rigging, 6
„ „ lower end of to be opened, 11, 15
„ copper and zinc wire decayed, 205
„ copper better than iron for towns, 19
„ copper, its advantages and disadvantages, 8, 56, 63, 131, 134
„ copper wire, 10, 13, 14, 34, 37, 39, 60, 75, 103, 125, 131, 225, 226, 227
„ „ dimensions of, 8, 9, 223
„ „ has both surface and mass, 16
„ „ too expensive, 58
„ easily bent without angles, 19
„ „ joined, diverted, or lengthened, 19
„ hemp, for conductors, 56
„ Iron wire, 19, 58, 68, 125, 227, 243
„ „ „ smashed, 86
„ liable to corrosion on factory chimneys, 125
„ of thick copper wire, 226, 229
„ or cable, fringed out at upper terminal, 14
„ metallic, disadvantages of, 62, 63, 95, 204
„ for connecting points with metal bars, 55
„ with hemp strand in middle, 116, 227
„ Wire, conductor, badly erected, 39
„ damaged, 193
(273)Rosherville Church struck though provided with a conductor, 34
Rounded and pointed conductors, 79
%center%(See Point.)
Route to earth for conductor, 126
Royal Society, Committee of, 76, 78, 79
Rules for erecting Conductors
%center%(See Instructions).
Russell, F. & Co., their answers, 9, 17
Rust increases electrical resistance, 70, 107
Sacré’s, M. E., system, 140
Safety from Lightning, Personal, 233
St. Ann’s Hotel, Buxton, struck, 34
St. Aubyn, J. P., 29
St. Clotilde Church, Paris, struck, 69
St. Eloi Church, Paris, struck, 69
St. George’s, Leicester, 126, 240
St. James’ Church, West-End, Hants, struck, 34
St. Mary’s, Crumpsall, near Manchester, struck, 39
St. Mark’s, Venice, 103
St. Matthias’s Church, Brixton, struck, 39
St. Michael’s Church, Stamford, struck, 43
St. Paul’s Cathedral, Accident to, 78
„ „ fitted with copper wire rope, 131
„ „ its immunity from injury by lightning, 103
St. Peter’s Church, Brighton, pinnacle struck, 48
St. Sepulchre’s Church, Northampton, struck, 37
St. Sulpice Church, Paris, struck, 69
Sanderson & Co., their answers, 23, 24
“Scientific American,” 118
Screen, metallic, a protection, 85
Secchi, P., 180
Sectional Area (See Area, Sectional).
Sharp Points (See Points).
Sheets, Iron, struck, 53
Sheet lightning is the reflection of forked, 101, 242
Ships struck, 53, 61, 62, 88, 95, 195, 205
„ conductors, 6, 90, 121, 122, 195, 199, 200
Short terminal points to chimneys, 125
Siemens, A., abstract by, 127
Silver Points (See Points of Silver).
Simmons, J., his Essay, 81
Size of conductor (See Conductor, Size of).
(274)Small conductor replaced by heavier one, 194
Smoke discharged from chimney a conductor, 132
Smoke often destroys brass, 124
Snell, H. S., his report, 39
Soil, change in nature of, its effect, 71
„ dry, a non-conductor, 70
„ metallic veins beneath, 61
„ water beneath will attract lightning, 61
Soldered joints (See Joints).
Solder, objectionable, 16
„ the use of, imperative, 20
„ „ not universal, 20
„ with copper, 103
Solid rods superseded by ropes of wire (See Ropes), 131
South Foreland Lighthouse, 185, 186
Spagnoletti, Mr., discussion on lightning conductors, 131
Spang, H. W., Treatise on Lightning Conductors, 112, 181
Sparks from Holtz’s machine, 141
„ „ Ruhmkorff’s coil, 141
Space protected (See Protection, Area of).
Specific attraction, equal in all bodies, 73
„ heat of iron greater than copper, 132
Sphere, Metal, on top of conductors, 111
Spike of iron (See Point).
Spiral twisted iron rods, 192
Spires, Church, conductor for, how fixed, 23
Spire, Church, conductors for without joints, 24
Spires, connection from bottom of vane rod, 14
Spout, Iron, entered by lightning, 43
Spout split at joints, 45, 46, 47, 49
Spratt’s patent conductors, 205, 210, 215
Spurn Point High Light, 184
Square building to have terminal at each end, 125
„ wire, 13, 216
Staples for attaching conductor (See Attachment).
Static discharges from conductors, 133
„ electricity, laws of, 132
Stays, Metal, 184,185
Steeple of Jacobi Church, at Hamburg, 129
Steeples to have horizontal conductors, 113, 125
Steeple with lightning rod injured, 124, 125
Steinheil’s lightning protector, 130
Sterriker, John, his report, 45, 46
(275)Straps and nails (See Attachment).
Strasbourg, accident at, 99
Straw conductors for country use, 104
Strata, water bearing, connection to be made with (See Earth Terminal).
Stream of fire in rigging of ship, 54
Striking distance, 650 to, 6500 feet, 108
Stroke, lightning, 9 or, 10 miles, 108
Sullivan, Adml. 183, 195, 199
Sulphur Paste made of galena and melted, for end of conductor, 58
Sulphurous fumes destructive to terminals, 131
„ odour of lightning, 85
Sun burner to lofty building, 201
Superficial conductors, advantages of, 86
Supports of protector soldered with zinc, 140
Supposed perfect conductor, 131
Surface exposed to air considerable, 139
„ or mass, which conducts?, 13, 15, 18, 49, 74, 89, 132
Swan Cotton Mill, 239
Sweden, accidents from lightning, 126
Symons, G. J., 43, 46, 183
„ abstracts by, 74, 89, 99, 102, 104, 111, 115, 131, 132, 134, 135
Tacchini, Prof., 179, 180
Tait, Prof., on thunderstorms, 241
Tanks, 15, 71, 94, 107, 130
Tape, joints, if any, should be rivetted and soldered, 7
„ copper better than rope, 8, 204
„ „ objections to, 5, 6, 16
„ „ let into masts, 92
„ lower end to have a discharging fork, 11
„ Phin, upon, 103
„ to be cut in strips for earth terminal, 15, 23
„ copper, the sizes and lengths made, 7, 10, 14, 23, 70, 133
„ cheaper than rope, 8, 9
Tarred casing of wood to enclose iron, 125
„ metallic rope, 60
Taunton Church, large copper rope conductor, 8
Teale, F. G., of Calcutta, 181
Telegraph instruments injured, 100
„ poles, how protected, 101
„ wires affected underground, 101
Temperature, variations of, affecting length of conductor, 68, 125, 226
Terkelsen, C., abstract by, 106
(276)Terminal area protected by (See Protection, Area of).
Terminals (See Points).
Terminal, earth (See Earth terminal).
Terminal for every, 20 ft. of roof, 125
„ how fastened to roof, 52
„ if numerous, should have proportionately thicker conductor (See Area, Sectional).
„ long upper, 68, 77, 225, 229
„ jar roof by vibration by wind, 116, 127
„ not always pointed, 92, 125
„ painted or tinned, 55
„ rods, 17, 55, 66, 67, 72, 124
„ „ to branch out at top
%center%(See Points).
„ Upper, how attached to conductor, 60
„ „ fused, 193
„ „ should be cased in lead to protect from sulphurous fumes, 131
„ „ to be a round rod, 125
„ „ to be iron or copper, 82
„ „ too small, 62
„ „ what it is, 59
„ „ what made of, 13
Terra Cotta water pipes, 180
Testing apparatus, 111, 225, 228, 243, 244
„ of building as well as of conductor, 9
„ of conductors with galvanometer, 9, 131
„ to be periodical, 132, 244
Theory of protection (See Protection, Area of).
Thimbles, glass, 186
Thomson, Prof. Sir W., on conductors, 47, 48, 49, 102, 133
Thunderstorms dangerous where no woods are, 119
„ in France, 1822, 123
„ nature of, 85
Ties, Metallic (See Attachment).
Tin and lead conductors tried, 123
Tinfoil, experiments with, 199
Tinned metallic wire, 95
Tips (See Points).
Tomes, J., F.R.S,, accident to his house, 210
Top conductor (See Conductor Ridge).
Torquay, no good earth there, 130
Tower of church struck, 29
„ of house struck, 37
Trees bad conductors, 127
(277)Trees, High, their protective action, 85, 127, 243
„ injured while passing lightning to better conductor, 127
„ on plains attract lightning, 127
„ struck, 45, 47, 49
Trenches, Connections in, 72
„ filled with carbonaceous materials, 7, 12, 100, 125
„ in rocky or dry soil, 72 (See also Earth Terminals).
Trough, Oaken, for lower terminals to pass through, 56
Trinity House, 183
Tube conductor for Houses of Parliament, 199
„ Copper, 7, 10, 14, 70, 74, 133
„ „ having copper cable passing through it, 13
„ patent insertion joints, 7
„ Iron, 86, 117
„ conductors, why objectionable, 5
Turrets, conductors for, how fixed, 23, 24
Twyford Moors, near Winchester, 34
Underground connection (See Earth Terminal).
United States, accidents from lightning, 126
University Coll., Chimney struck, 38
University of Padua protected by conductors, 122
Upper terminal (See Terminal Upper and Points).
Upwood Gorse, Caterham, accident at, 210
Vaillant, Le Maréchal, his Report, 66
Vanes, how connected, &c., 10, 11, 14, 23, 39, 40, 52, 53, 104, 183, 185, 186, 202
Varley, C., quoted, 101
Venetians decreed to use lightning rods in Republic, 122
Ventilating pipes, 216
Vitreous tubes (Fulgurites) formed by electricity, 112
Vyle’s, S., rod & testing apparatus, 244
Walker, C. V., on conductors, 84
„ on Leyden discharges, 84
„ J., 187
„ Matthew, His knot, 16
Wall eyes of iron, 130
%center%(See also Attachment).
Wandsworth, chimney of house struck, 38
Ward, G. G., of New York, 181
Water mains and underground water generally (See Earth Terminals).
(278)Water spouts to be connected, 10, 226
Watson’s, Dr., conductor at Payneshill, 85
„ „ for ships, 121
„ report, 76, 79
Weathercock (See Vanes).
Weber, Dr. L., on lightning discharges in Schleswig Holstein, 127, 231
Week, St. Mary, the Church of, 29, 30
Weight of conductors (See Conductors, size of).
Wells (See Earth Terminals).
Wells Church, Norfolk, destruction of, by lightning, 194
West side of house, rod to be on, 100
Wheatstone quoted, on fusion of rod, 83
Whichcord, J., his joint Report, 28
White, W. H., Secretary R.I.B.A., circular signed by him, 28
Wilkins & Weatherby, their answer, 4–6, 17
Wilson, Mr., his report and views, 76, 79
Wilson, R., on conductors on chimneys, 110
Wind, action of on conductors, 116, 127
Windmill with conductor struck, 128
Windows, copper, to magazines, 74
Winkler, Prof. J. H. (1746), electricity cause of thunderstorm, 129
Wire cables (See Rope).
„ cage as protection without use of earth, 132
„ melted into drops like shot, 195
„ of zinc melted, 107
„ rusted in earth and was useless, 107
„ square, 13, 216
Withers, J. B. M., his report, 40
Wood to be creosoted to form case for iron, 125
„ coated with resin, as a conductor, 54
Workhouse, how to be protected, 10
Wrexham Church struck, 126
Wrottesley, Col. G., R.E., his report, 40
Wrought iron (See Iron).
Wyatt Papworth Church struck, 39
York, accident at, 219
Zenger’s, Prof. C., Symmetrische Blitzableiter, 104
Zinc better conductor than iron, 74
„ coating, 72
„ chimney of house struck, 37
„ cylinder, wire to pass through, 83
„ strips, 192
„ wire melted, 107