RUSSIAN.
Reading edition
General Note.—In the number of military machines and general attention to aviation Russia is only second to France. There are no effective machines of Russian design, but the Aviataka, Dux & Lomatuk firms build at home under foreign license, and there is also the Kennedy school (Anglo-Russian).
Aerial Societies:—
(Imperial) Aero Club.
1. Odessa branch.
2. Rostow and Don branch.
3. St. Petersburg "
Finland Ae. C., Helsingfors.
Kieff University Ae. C., Kieff.
Moscow Ae. C., Moscow.
Moscow Imp. Tech. College (Aviation Section).
Riga Ae. C., Riga.
Russian Aeronautical Society, St. Petersburg.
Sevastopol Ae. C.
Students' Aviation Club.
Tomsk Ae. C., Tomsk.
Volunteer Aerial Fleet.
Aerial Journals:—
Aeronautical Journal of St. Petersburg.
Aero (6, Liteiny, St. Petersburg). Weekly.
Dans l'Empire des Airs (7, Rota 26, Petersburg). Fortnightly.
Revue de Navigation Aérienne (7 rue Stremmiannaya, Petersburg). Weekly.
Sport (25, Ekaterineska, Odessa).
Wozdookhoplavatel (St. Petersburg). Monthly.
Wosduchoplawanie y Sport (Moscow). Monthly.
Flying Grounds:—
Gatchina Park.— Flying here under restrictions. V.F. school.
Kieff.—School for pilots.
Kolomiaggi.—Racecourse.
Novo Therkask.
Odessa.
St. Petersburg.—Kennedy school.
Sevastopol.—Volunteer Fleet school.
Warsaw.
RUSSIAN MILITARY AVIATION.
Army Aviation.
Early in 1912, under the presidency of the Grand Duke Alexander, the special school of the Volunteer Aerial Association was finally formed at Sevastopol for the winter and Gatchina for the summer.
June 1912. Vote for 150 aeroplanes (140 to be built at home). Vote 1,050,000 roubles for new school at Tauride.
November, 1912. Military trials results. (1) Sikorsky in a Sikorsky. (2) Haber in a M. Farman. (3) Boutmy in a Nieuport.
December, 1912. Aeronautical school re-organised. Put under control of one commandant, one assistant, and four juniors. Course made seven months—15 pupils per school at a time. A one month course in aeroplanes, aerial motors, etc. Of the pupils, 10 will be selected for aeroplanes. New flying school established at Taskend in Turkestan.
March, 1913. New schools established at Moscow, Odessa and Omsk.
At the end of 1911 the total number of military aeroplanes was about 100. At the end of March, 1913, the total number was about 250, of which about 150 were modern. Principal types: Albatross, Aviatik, Bristol, Deperdussin, Farman, Nieuport, Rumpler, there being an average of 20 of each. The majority built under Russian license in Russia. The number of actual military pilots was 72. There is, however, a special volunteer corps of about 36 private aviators, bringing the available total to 108 or thereabouts.
Navy Aviation.
July, 1912. Lieut. Andreadi, 50 h.p. Nieuport, did a flight with stops from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg.
September, 1912. Special naval aerodrome for hydro-avions ordered for Golodai Island, near Petersburg, bringing total of military and naval aerodromes to 6. Sikorsky hydro-avion acquired. Also an M. Farman ditto. New naval station projected at Libau.
October, 1912. Naval purchase of several Curtiss hydro-avions after trials at Sevastopol.
At the end of March, 1913, the approximate effective force was as follows (all hydros, or capable of being so fitted): 1 Astra, 1 Breguet, 2 Donnet-Leveque, 1 Farman, 4 Paulhan Curtiss, 2 Nieuport (50 h.p.), 1 Sikorsky. (A number of others on order.)
Early in 1913 experiments were carried out with a combination of floats and skids, invented by M. Lobanoff, of Moscow. This proved equally effective on land or water.
AVIATORS.
The following are army, navy or volunteer aviators. The number is the Russian Ae. C., unless otherwise stated. F = French. Prefix + = killed. n = navy.
Abramowitch Wissewold (14) Agababa, N. (668 F.) Agofonoff (20) Aleknovitch, G. (29) Alexandroff, D. (472 F.) n Andreadi, Lt. Artsgouloff (44) Avinass, J. (60) Badowski, L. Bakhmoutoff, N. (6) Berdchenko, V. (7) Bistritsky, V. (8) Boukshevden, Bar. G. (10) Boutmy (de), E. Campo, Scipio (211 F.) Childovski (67) Chioni, B. (250) Chimansky (27) Choudinoff (46) Dmitrieff, J. (9) Dorogouski (125 F.) Dougowezky, A. (1) n Dybovski, V. (12) Efimoff, M. (31 F.) Efimoff, T. Erdeli, G. (45) Eristov, Prince (524 F.) Evsukoff, P. (21) Firstemberg Flegfier, von. Gelgar (33) Glouchenko, S. (48) Godoulsky, A. (59) Gorghkoff, G. (626 F.) Goumberto-Dros, B. (58) Grekoff G. (5.) Grigoraschirilly (577 F.) Houeninsey, A. (227 F.) Husarenko (22) Illin, A. (16)
Iougmeister (52) Jankovsky, G. (24) Joukoff (37) Kaidenoff (42) Kamensky, V. (66) Katzian, A. + Kauzminski (228 F.) Kebouroff, V. (210 F.) Kirchstern Kolchin, F. (28) Komaroff, M. (245 F.) Kostine, N. (223 F.) Kauznezoff, P. Kreiner, E. Kroumm, A. Lachtionoff, G. (57) Lambert (de) C. (8 F.) Lebedeff, V. (98 F.) Lerche, M. (25) Lewkowicz, H. (327 F.) Linno, G. (15) Lipowski, H. (330 F.) Kokteff (61) Makaroff, D. (13) Makeef, P. (5) Matyevitch, Matzevitch (152 F.) n+Matyevitch, Capt. (178 F.) Meybaum, T. Miller (35) Monakoff, (565 F.) Naidenoff, G. Naslennikoff, B. Nikiforoff (18) Nikolaieff (49) Nikolsky, P. (17) Oulianine, S. (181 F.) Pehanovsky, B. (401 F.) + Pietrowsky, G. (195 F.) Porcheron, J. (640 F.) Popoff, N. (50 F.)
Poliakoff, A. (50) Poplavko (34) Pongolowski, W. (4) Pristchepoff (38) Raevsky, A. (F.) Raygorodsky, A. (207 F.) Rossinsky (68) n Rouaroff, M. (245 F.) Rynin, N. (23) Sakoff, N. de (627 F.) Salesky (41) Samoilo (11) Samouiloff, P. (51) Séméniovitch (226 F.) Semenko-Slavorossoff, H. (40) Semitan (36) Seversky-Prokofieff, N. (47) Sewkowicz, L. Shidloovsky, M. Shimansky, K. Shimkevitch, V. Sikorsky, I. (63) Skarginsky, A. (43) Slusarenko, W. + Smith, V. (231 F.) Sobansky Graf. (3) Soechnikoff, A. Soupnevsky, C. (26) Springuefeld Sredinsky, A. Strelmkoff (71) Tchemiakoff (72) Tkatcheff, V. (64) Tounochensky (32) Tselary, I. (54) Wassilieff, A. (225 F.) Zaikine (191 F.) Zelinsky, Col. (273 F.) + Zolotouchin, M. (31)
CIVILIAN AVIATORS.
There are very few purely civilian aviators in Russia. Russians who have obtained brevets include Mdlles Anarta (52), Golantchikova (55), Zvereva (30), Count de Lambert, (8 F.) and Count Malynski (209 F.) and one or two others. Few or none do any flying now.