INDEX.

Acetabularia, 165, 166

A. mediterranea, 162, 165, 166

Achyla, 127

Acicularia, 162, 166, 167

A. Andrussowi, 162, 168

A. miocenica, 162, 168

A. pavantina, 167

A. Schencki, 162, 166, 168

Aegoceras planicosta, 61

Aeolian rocks, 25

Aeschynomene, 414

Africa, South, 80, 284

Agaricus melleus, 211, 212, 215

Algae, 138–202

Algites, 148, 149, 204, 205

Amazons, 66

Amber, 70, 71, 206, 211, 221, 255

America, 182

Amphiroa, 184

Anarthrocanna, 283

A. tuberculata, 386

Andersson, G., 60

Andrae, K. J., 276

Andreaeales, 236

Andrussow, N., 168

Annularia, 255, 260, 282, 283, 289, 329, 332, 333, 336–339, 340, 361, 362, 379, 381

A. calamitoides, 335

A. Geinitzi, 338

A. longifolia, 338, 341

A. radiata, 283

A. ramosa, 363

A. sphenophylloides, 340, 341, 363

A. stellata, 338–341, 363

A. westphalica, 338

Antigua, 79

Aphlebia, 142

Araucaria imbricata, 101, 104

Araucarioxylon Withami, 81, 82

Archaean system, 34–36

Archaeocalamites, 254, 255, 256, 263, 285, 336, 383–388

A. scrobiculatus, 385–387

d’Archiac, A., 166, 167

Arctic plants, 16, 17

Arenig series, 37

Arran, 88, 89

Arthrodendron, 301, 302, 324, 325, 326, 327, 366, 379, 381

Arthropitys, 300, 301, 302, 304, 311, 324, 325, 326, 328, 333, 349, 369, 375, 379, 380, 381, 384

A. approximata, 371

A. bistriata, 326

Arthropod eggs, 108

Artis, F. T., 4, 104, 297

Artisia, 104

Ascomycetes, 208, 209, 220

Asia Minor, Coal-Measures of, 282, 283

Asterocalamites scrobiculatus, 386

Asterophyllites, 264, 276, 329, 332, 333, 338, 369, 371, 379, 397, 409

A. elegans, 386

A. equisetiformis, 335, 338

A. insignis, 397

A. longifolius, 338

A. spaniophyllus, 386

A. sphenophylloides, 397

Astromyelon, 342, 343, 381

Australia, 179, 290, 291

Autun, 6, 46, 83, 179, 181, 182, 206, 390, 399

Azoic system, 36

Bacillariaceae, 150–156

Bacillus, 135, 136

B. amylobacter, 136

B. permicus, 135

B. Tieghemi, 135, 136

Bacteria, 75, 132, 138

Bactryllium, 154–156

B. deplanatum, 155

Bala series, 37

Balanoglossus, 145

Balfour, Bayley, 178

Balfour, J. H., 101

Bambusa arundinacea, 322

Barbados, 188

Barber, C. A., 193, 197, 198, 203, 204

Barrois, C., 146

Barton, R., 80

de Bary, A., 132

Basidiomycetes, 208, 211, 212

Bates, H. W., 64, 66

Bauhin, C., 225

Bear Island, 366

Bentham, G., 98, 99

Bergeria, 101

Bernician series, 43

Bertrand, C. E., 87, 154, 178, 181

Beyrich, E., 52

Bilin, 152

Bilobites, 148

Binney, E. W., 9, 10, 304, 311, 343, 351, 386, 401

Bituminous deposits, 178–183

Blackman, V. H., 119, 120

Blandowia, 231

Boghead, 178–183

Boring algae, 127, 128

Boring fungi, 127, 128

Bornemann, J. G., 129, 130, 148, 177

Bornet, E., 181

Bornet, E. and Flahault, 128, 129

Bornetella, 177

Bornia, 263

B. equisetiformis, 335

B. scrobiculata, 386

B. stellata, 338

Bostrychus, 210, 211

Bothrodendron, 133, 134

Botrydium, 157

Bowmanites, 401, 402

B. Dawsoni, 401

B. Germanicus, 408

Brazil, 79

Brodie, P. B., 240

Brongniart, A., 5, 6, 9, 11, 17, 18, 111, 112, 145, 177, 233, 269, 281, 288, 289, 291, 297, 299, 300, 301, 332, 336, 351, 390, 391

Bronn, H. G., 118

Brora, 269

Brown, A., 189, 190

Brukmannia, 350, 360, 361

Bryales, 236

Bryophyta, 229–241, 243

Bryozoa, 187

Buccinum, 159

Buckman, J., 240, 278

Bunbury, Sir C. J. F., 270, 271, 273, 284, 287, 288, 289

Bunter series, 47, 267, 292, 293

Burntisland, 88, 90, 397

Buthotrephis radiata, 338

Büzistock, 28

Calamarieae, 255, 295–388

Calamitea, 298, 300, 301, 303

C. bistriata, 301

Calamites, 18, 19, 77, 86, 94, 104, 114, 252, 254–257, 259, 260, 262, 264, 269, 285, 286, 289, 295–383, 386–388, 413

Calamites, sub-genera of, 381

C. alternans, 378

C. approximatus, 369, 370, 374, 378

C. arborescens, 363

C. Beani, 270, 273

C. cannaeformis, 374

C. communis, 326, 351

C. cruciatus, 376–378

C. decoratus, 374

C. equisetiformis, 335

C. giganteus, 271

C. gigas, 271

C. Göpperti, 368, 372–374

C. lateralis, 276

C. laticulatus, 386

C. obliquus, 386

C. pedunculatus, 358

C. ramosus, 363

C. Sachsei, 372

C. scrobiculatus, 386

C. Suckowi, 372, 374, 375

C. transitionis, 386

C. varians, 371

C. variolatus, 386

C. verticillatus, 372

Calamitina, 260, 266, 267, 329, 330, 362, 364, 365, 367–376, 381, 383, 388

C. pauciramis, 367

Calamocladus, 227, 289, 328, 329, 332, 333, 336, 337, 350, 361–364, 381, 409

C. equisetiformis, 333–335, 363

C. frondosus, 289

Calamodendron, 300–302, 328, 349, 364, 375, 378, 379, 380, 382

C. bistriatum, 300

C. commune, 311, 317

C. cruciatum, 378

C. intermedium, 328

C. striatum, 300

Calamophyllites, 371

C. Göpperti, 372

Calamopitys, 301, 302, 381

Calamostachys, 339, 342, 350, 351–357, 362, 371, 379, 381, 384, 387, 402

C. Binneyana, 351–355, 356, 357, 361

C. calathifera, 341, 363

C. Casheana, 355–357, 361

C. longifolia, 363

C. ramosa, 363

C. Solmsi, 363, 364

C. tenuissima, 261

C. tuberculata, 363

Calciferous sandstone, 43, 148, 397, 412

Callus wood, in Calamites, 319, 320

Calothrix, 126

Cambrian, 36, 37, 149, 177

de Candolle, A., 297

Carboniferous limestone, 40, 42, 43, 387

Carboniferous system, 39–45

Carinal canals, 249, 306, 307, 308

Carlsbad, 123, 126

Carpenter, W. B., 167

Carpolithus, 280

Carruthers, W., 9, 10, 87, 193, 197, 202, 212, 217, 240, 304, 351

Cash, W. and Hick, T., 206, 218, 219, 342

Castracane, F., 154

Casuarina stricta, 95, 96

Casuarinites, 332

C. equisetiformis, 335

C. stellata, 338

Caterpillars, Liassic, 240

Caulerpa, 157–159

C. abies-marina, 142

C. cactoides, 142, 158

C. Carruthersi, 159

C. ericifolia, 142

C. plumaris, 142

C. pusilla, 142

C. scalpelliformis, 142

C. taxifolia, 142

Caulerpaceae, 157–159

Caulerpites, 142, 158

C. cactoides, 158

Celastrum, 181

Celluloxylon primaevum, 198

Ceratium, 117

Chalk, 26, 50, 120

Challenger, H. M. S., 65, 66, 101, 117, 118, 119, 122, 151

Chara, 69, 223, 228

C. Bleicheri, 226

C. foetida, 224, 225

C. Jaccardi, 226

C. Knowltoni, 224, 226, 227

C. Wrighti, 226, 227

Characeæ, 222–228

Chareae, 223–228

Charophyta, 222–228

Cheirostrobus, 258, 413

C. Pettycurensis, 412

Chert, 227

Chlorophyceae, 127–130, 156–190

Chondrites, 142, 144

C. plumosa, 148

C. verisimilis, 146, 147

Chondrus, 231

C. crispus, 191

Chroococcaceae, 122, 123, 181

Church, A. H., 171

Chytridineae, 216

Cingularia, 290, 364

Cladochytrium, 216

Cladosporites bipartitus, 217, 220

Clayton, fossil tree, 71

Coal, 44, 45, 68, 76, 92, 133, 134, 178, 179

Coal-balls, 85, 86

Coalbrook Dale, 361

Coal-Measures, 40–45, 55, 84, 85, 217, 238, 256, 259, 261, 268, 282, 283, 296, 301, 302, 325, 329, 358, 375, 376, 378, 382, 397, 401, 406, 413

Coccoliths, 120

Coccospheres, 118–121

Codiaceae, 159–164

Codium, 159, 160

C. Bursa, 160

C. tomentosum, 160

Coelotrochium, 176

Coemans, E. and Kickx, J. J., 411

Coenocyte, 116, 117

Cohn, F., 123, 126

Cole, G., 83

Cone-in-cone structure, 83

Confervites, 177

C. chantransioides, 178

Confervoideae, 177–178

Conglomerate, 24

Coniferae, 232

Convallarites, 291

Conwentz, H., 80, 211, 212, 221

Cook, Capt., 122

Coprolites, 108, 135, 137, 182

Coral reefs, 26, 40, 48

Corallina officinalis, 183, 184

Corallinaceae, 183–190

Corallineae, 184

Corallines, 159, 169, 184

Coralliodendron, 163

Corals, fossil, 25

Corda, A. J., 5, 8

Cordaites, 75, 80, 99, 104, 366

Cormack, B. G., 251, 252

Coscinodiscus, 153

Costa, Mendes da, 3

Cotta, C. B., 9, 298

‘Crag’, 53, 62

Craigleith Quarry, Edinburgh, 81

Cramer, C., 171, 177

Credner, H., 149

Crépin, F., 109

Cretaceous system, 50, 51, 188

Cromer Forest bed, 53

Crossochorda, 148

Cruziana, 144, 145

Culm rocks, 42, 68, 383, 413

Cuticles, fossil, 68, 133

Cyanophyceae, 121, 122–132

Cyathophyllum bulbosum, 237

Cycadaceæ, 98

Cycadeoidea gigantea, 88, 214

Cycadorachis, 114, 115

Cycads, 49, 56, 99, 281

Cyclocladia, 371

C. major, 372

Cymopolia, 165, 169, 170, 172, 177

C. barbata, 162, 169, 171

C. elongata, 172

C. Mexicana, 169

Dactylopora, 175, 176

D. cylindracea, 176

Dactyloporella, 176

Darwin, C., 16, 17, 65, 70, 79, 100

Dasycladaceae, 164–176

Dasyporella, 176

Dawes, J. S., 297, 302

Dawson, Sir W., 147, 192, 193, 195, 338, 390, 413

Dawsonia, 237

D. polytrichoides, 237

D. superba, 237

Decorticated stems, 105

Deecke, W., 173

Defrance, J. L. M., 172

Dendrophycus triassicus, 146

Denudation, 23, 24, 35

Desmideae, 221

Devonian system, 39, 133, 173, 193, 195, 225, 256, 338, 383, 413

Diatomaceae, 150–156

Diatomite, 151

Diatoms, 117, 118, 123, 141, 185

Dichothrix, 123

Dicotyledons, 98, 99

Dictyogens, 99

Dinoflagellata, 118

Diplopora, 173–176

Dirt-beds, of Portland, 56, 57

Dismal swamp, 74

Dixon, H. N. and Joly, J., 120

Dorset, coast, 56, 226

Dover coal, 45

Drifting of trees &c., 64

Duncan, M., 127, 129

Duval-jouve, J., 247

Dyas system, 46, 209

Echinoid spines, 177

Ehrenberg, C. G., 117, 118, 151, 153

Elaters, 245

Ellis, J., 159, 169

Endophytic algae, 132

Eocene rocks, 29, 52, 164, 171

Eophyton, 144, 148

Eopteris Morierei, 106

Ephedra distachya, 95, 97

Equisetaceae, 19, 244–254, 255, 256

Equisetales, fossil, 254–388

Equisetales, recent, 244–254

Equisetites, 254, 257–273, 282, 291, 330, 413

E. arenaceus, 268, 269, 275, 280

E. Beani, 270–275

E. Brodii, 278

E. Burchardti, 279, 280

E. Burejensis, 280

E. columnaris, 72, 265, 269–271

E. Göpperti, 386

E. Hemingwayi, 259, 262–264

E. lateralis, 265, 275–279

E. Monyi, 266

E. Mougeoti, 267

E. Münsteri, 278, 279

E. Parlatori, 280

E. platyodon, 267

E. rotiferum, 279

E. spatulatus, 264, 265

E. Vaujolyi, 261

E. Yokoyamae, 280

E. zeaeformis, 265–266

Equisetum, 19, 245–254, 258, 262, 263, 267, 268, 281, 282, 285, 286, 287, 290, 292, 297, 298, 304, 307, 308, 309, 327, 337, 346, 360, 381, 384, 388, 390

E. arvense, 246, 247, 251, 279

E. debile, 95, 96, 97

E. giganteum, 245, 297

E. hiemale, 270

E. limosum, 263

E. litorale, 253

E. maximum, 245, 246, 247, 250–253

E. palustre, 247, 253

E. ramosissimum, 259, 265, 270

E. sylvaticum, 247, 279

E. Telmateia, 245

E. trachyodon, 270

E. variegatum, 95, 252

E. xylochaetum, 250

Eryngium Lassauxi, 99

E. montanum, 99

Etheridge, R., 200, 215, 290

Ettingshausen, C. von, 6, 7, 311, 332, 372

Eucalamites, 367, 376, 379

Eurypterus, 371

E. mammatus, 371

Feilden, Col. H. W., 211

Feistmantel, O., 284, 291, 293, 387

Felix, J., 399

Fischer, A., 217

Fish-scales, 127, 182

Fleurs d’eau, 132, 182

Fliche, P. and Bleicher, 232

Flint, 62

Florideae, 175, 183–190

Flowers, fossil, 70

Flysch, 147, 148, 192

Fontinalis, 240

Foraminifera, 26, 161, 163, 175, 185

Forbes, E., 16

Forbes, H. O., 63

Forest-bed, 53

Forests, fossil, 56

Fossil, meaning of term, 67

Fossil plants, determination of, 93–109

Fossil trees, 74, 79, 80

Fossils in half-relief, 77

Fracastaro, 2

Freeman, E. J., 23

Frullania, 236

Frustules of Diatoms, 150

Fuchs, T., 159, 164

Fucoides, 142, 191

F. erectus, 233

Fucoids, 87, 147, 148

Fucus, 191, 192, 202, 231

F. crispus, 191

Funafuti Island, 184

Fungi, 207–222, 305

Galium, 338, 389

G. sphenophylloides, 341

Gallionella, 153

Gardiner, Stanley, 184

Gardner, Starkie, 58, 240, 273

Geikie, Sir A., 39

Geinitz, H. B., 408

Geological evolution, 53

Geological history, 22–53

Germar, E. F., 297, 409

Geysers, 92, 126

Ginkgo, 58, 210, 390

G. biloba, 15

Girvanella, 124–126, 160

Globigerine ooze, 118

Glœocapsa, 122, 130

Glœotheca, 122

Gloioconis, 130

Glossopteris Browniana, 182

Glossopteris Flora, 291, 294

Gomphonema, 153

Gomphosphaeria, 181

Gondwana system, 46–47, 84, 288, 292, 411

Gondwana Land, 294

Goniada maculata, 143, 144

Goniolina, 176, 177

Göppert, H. R., 1, 9, 146, 283, 284, 300, 301, 304, 386, 387

Göppert and Berendt, 235

Göppert and Menge, 206

Gottsche, 236

Gottschea, 237

Gramineae, 273

Grand’Croix, 80, 137

Grand’Eury, C., 101, 261, 262, 289, 316, 332, 336, 343, 371, 375, 381

Gray, Asa, 16

Greensand rocks, 50, 145

Grevillea, 99

Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 146

Guillemard, F. H. H., 90

Gümbel, C. W., 171, 176, 188

Gymnostomum, 241

Gyroporella, 174, 175, 176

G. bellerophontis, 175

Hakea, 99

Half-relief fossils, 77

Halimeda, 164, 185, 202

H. gracilis, 164

H. Saportae, 164

Haplographites cateniger, 217, 220

Haploporella fasciculata, 177

Hartig, R., 212

Harvey, W. H., 164

Hauck, F., 187, 188

Heer, O., 6, 40, 51, 68, 132, 155, 276, 280, 286, 290, 366

Heim, A., 28

Helophyton, 342

Henson, 118

Hepaticae, 230–236

Herzer, H., 211

Heterospory, 355, 356, 357, 406

Hick, T., 304, 306, 330

Hicks, H., 199, 200, 203

Hippurites, 332, 371

H. gigantea, 267

H. longifolia, 335

Holmes, W. H., 79

Homotaxis, 31

Hooker, Sir J., 10, 16, 63, 90, 139, 151, 203, 204

Hookeria pennata, 231

Hostinella, 200

Hughes, T. McKenny, 31

Humboldt, A. von, 14

Hutton, W., 87

Huttonia, 360, 363

Huxley, T. H., 31

Hydatica, 344

Hydrozoa, 187, 190

Hyella, 127

Hyphochytrium infestans, 217

Ice-Age, 17, 53

Igneous rocks, 26, 27, 35

Incrustation, 79

Incrusting springs, 68

India, 84, 287–289, 292–294, 411

Infranodal canals, 285, 324, 327, 375

Inversion of strata, 29, 30

Italy, 286, 287, 291

James, J. F., 210

Jungermannia, 230, 236

Jurassic system, 48–50, 55, 226, 257, 269, 282, 283, 290, 291

Kaulfussia æsculifolia, 97, 98

Keeling Island, 65

Keeping, W., 147

Kellaways rock, 49

Kent, S., 184

Kerguelen Land, 16

Kerosene shale, 179–182

Keuper series, 47, 48, 130

Kickx, J. J., 411

Kidston, R., 44, 82, 148, 263, 264, 334, 374, 375, 385, 386, 406, 408, 409

Kieselguhr, 150

Kiltorkan beds, 39

Kimeridge clay, 49, 78, 158, 159

Kjellman, F. R., 187

Koechlin-Schlumberger, J., 269

Kolguev Island, 211

Kölliker, A., 127

König, C., 269

Knorria, 101, 102, 366

Knowlton, F. H., 8, 225

Krakatoa, 58, 131

Kuntze, O., 92

Laggan Bay, Arran, 88

Lake, P., 200

Lamarck, de, 161, 175

Laminaria, 140, 141, 194, 202

Lamouroux, J., 161

Lapworth, C., 37, 147

Laurentian rocks, 36

Lavas, Tertiary, 58

Leasowe, 58, 59

Leckenby, J., 233, 234

Lehmann, 336

Leithakalk, 169, 187

Leocarpus, 206

Lepidodendron, 10, 57, 72, 75, 81, 82, 89, 101, 107, 216, 217, 218, 237

L. Veltheimianum, 101

Lepidostrobus, 3

Leptothrix, 126

Lesquereux, L., 6, 210, 240

Lessonia, 140, 141, 191, 193, 202

Lettenkohle, 48, 268

Lhwyd, E., 4, 112, 341

Lias, 48, 49, 61, 120, 154, 229, 240, 278

Limestone, 25

Limulus, 145

Lindley, T., 99, 105

Lindley, T. and Hutton, W., 10, 267, 276, 298, 330, 332, 343, 366, 369, 371, 375

Linnaeus, 113, 225

Lithophyllum, 183–187

Lithothamnion, 183–189

L. crassum, 185

L. fasciculatum, 185

L. mamillosum, 155, 188

L. suganum, 186, 188

Lithoxylon, 112, 386

Llandeilo flags, 37

London clay, 153

Lough Neagh, 80

Ludlow rocks, 38, 203

Ludwig, R., 212, 241

Lulworth Cove, 56

Lunularia, 231

Lycopodiaceae, 390, 412, 413

Lycopodites, 232, 237

L. Meeki, 240

Lycopodium phlegmaria, 237

Lyell, Sir C., 52, 60, 64, 65, 74, 227, 324

Lyginodendron, 19, 20, 88, 103, 221

Lyme Regis, 61

McClelland, 412

McCoy, F., 284, 288

McMurtrie, J., 335

Macrocystis, 191, 194

Macrostachya, 350, 360, 362, 363, 364, 371, 381

Magnesian limestone, 46

Mahr, 410

Mantell, G., 62, 145

Marattiaceae, 98

Marchantia, 230–235

M. oolithus, 232

Marchantiales, 233–236

Marchantites, 233–236

M. erectus, 233

M. Sezannensis, 235

M. Zeilleri, 234

Marcou, J., 46

Marsh, O. C., 79

Marsilia, 342, 390

Martin, W., 297

Massalongo, E. G., 6

Medusa, 144

Meek, F. B., 235

Melobesia, 184

Melobesieae, 184

Memecylon, 214

Meschinelli, 210

Mesomycetes, 208, 211

Metamorphism, 30

Michelin, H., 163, 167

Micrococci, 138

Micrococcus, 135, 136

M. Guignardi, 136

M. Zeilleri, 134

Migula, W., 222

Millstone grit, 40, 42, 43, 376

Miocene rocks, 52, 187, 241

Mississippi, rafts, 64, 65

Mniaceae, 239

Möbius, K. A., 166, 167

Monocotyledons, 99, 240, 273, 291, 366

Mougeot, A., 300

Mountain limestone, 40, 43

Mucor, 213, 221

M. combrensis, 213

Mull, leaf-beds in, 58

Munier-Chalmas, E., 161, 163, 167, 168, 171, 172, 176

Murchison, Sir R., 37, 38, 42

Murray, G., 119–121, 125, 158, 159, 170, 204, 240

Murray, J., 118, 120

Murray, Dr, 87

Muschelkalk series, 47

Musci, 236–241

Muscites, 238, 239, 241

M. ferrugineus, 241

M. polytrichaceus, 239

Mycelium, 207

Mycomycetes, 208, 211

Myeloxylon, 19, 86

Myriophylloides Williamsonis, 342

Myriophyllum, 344

Myxomycetes, 205, 206, 220

M. Mangini, 205, 206

Najadita, 240

Nansen, 151

Nathorst, A. G., 60, 77, 78, 144, 145, 148, 232, 366

Navicula, 153

Nematophycus, 192–204

N. crassus, 198, 201, 202

N. Dechianus, 201

N. Hicksi, 199, 201

N. laxus, 201

N. Logani, 194–197, 199, 201, 202

N. Ortoni, 200, 201

N. Storriei, 193, 198–201

N. tenuis, 201

Nesea, 161

Neumayr, M., 49

Neu Paka, 369

Neuropteris Scheuchzeri, 45

New South Wales, 179, 181, 182, 288

Newberry, J. S., 146

Nicholson, H. A., 338

Nicholson, H. A. and Etheridge, J., 123, 124, 190

Nicol, W., 8

Nipa fruticans, 63

Nitelleæ, 222, 223, 225

Nodules, calcareous, 85, 86, 108

Nomenclature, 110–115

Nostoc, 123, 132

Nostocaceae, 122, 123

Nuclei, fossil, 87, 88, 331

Nullipores, 171, 184, 185

Odontocaulis Keepingi, 147

Old Red Sandstone, 39, 204

Oldhamia, 146

O. antiqua, 145

O. radiata, 145, 146

Olenellus, 37

Oligocene, 52, 188, 209, 211, 234

Olpidium, 216

Oncylogonatum carbonarium, 269

Onychiopsis Mantelli, 112

Onychium, 112

Oochytrium Lepidodendri, 216, 217

Oolite, 49, 72, 269, 271, 276, 286

Oolitic structure, 123–126

Ophioglossum, 390

d’Orbigny, A. D., 175

Ordovician, 37, 38, 189, 338

Oscillariaceae, 122

Osmunda, 87

Osmundites Dowkeri, 212

Ostracoblabe, 129

O. implexa, 129

Ovulites, 161–164, 173

O. elongata, 163

O. margaritula, 162, 163, 174

Oxford clay, 49

Pachytheca, 202–204

Palaeachyla, 127, 129

Palaeomyces, 221

P. gracilis, 218

Palaeoperone endophytica, 215

Palaeostachya, 350, 357–360, 362, 364, 371, 381

P. arborescens, 363, 364

P. pedunculata, 357, 358, 362, 363

P. vera, 358, 359, 362

Paleohepatica Rostafinski, 234

Pandanus, 99

Paracalamostachys, 361

Paris basin, 161, 167, 171, 176

Parkinson, J., 1, 78

Parsons, J., 4

Peat, 26, 75, 228, 236

Pellia, 230, 231

Penarth, 48

Penhallow, D. P., 193, 194, 197, 201, 202, 210

Penicillus, 159, 161, 163, 164, 202

P. pyramidalis, 162

Peridiniaceae, 117

Peridiniales, 117, 118

Peridinium, 117, 118

P. divergens, 118

P. pyrophorum, 118

Permian system, 45, 47, 130, 182, 209, 256, 282, 283, 298, 300, 391, 408, 413

Permo-Carboniferous, 46, 213, 222, 256, 284, 289, 292, 293

Peronosporites, 218

P. antiquarius, 214, 217, 219

Petrifaction, 79–90, 92

Petrified wood, 79–90

Petrifying springs, 68

Pettycur, 88, 390, 397

Petzholdt, A., 298, 299

Phaeophyceae, 150, 191–202

Philippi, R. A., 185

Phillips, J., 275, 276

Phloeoterma, 254

Phycodes, 149

Phycomycetes, 218

Phycopsis, 192

Phyllotheca, 254–256, 276, 277, 281–289, 292, 293, 337

P. australis, 284, 287–289

P. Brongniarti, 286, 287

P. carnosa, 291

P. deliquescens, 283

P. indica, 284, 287–289

P. Rallii, 283

P. sibirica, 290

Phymatoderma, 120, 146, 154

Phytolithus, 297, 335, 373

P. sulcatus, 374

Pila, 180–182

P. bibractensis, 181

P. scotica, 181

Pinnularia, 344, 381

Pith-casts, of Calamites, 365–380

Plagiochila, 232

Plankton, 117, 118, 152

Plauenscher Grund, 298

Pleurococcaceae, 181

Pliocene rocks, 52, 53

Plot, R., 4

Poacites, 366

Podocarpus cupressina, 231, 232

Podostemaceae, 231

Pollen-grains, 182

Polydonia frondosa, 144

Polygonaceæ, 96

Polygonum equisetiforme, 96, 97

Polyporus, 208, 211, 212

P. vaporarius, 217, 221

Polytrichum, 236, 239

Polytrypa, 172

Polyzoa, 142, 231

Portland, Dirt-beds, 49, 56, 57

Pothocites, 385

P. Grantoni, 386

Potonié, R., 209, 259, 286, 337, 403

Precambrian rocks, 36

Presl, R., 5

Priority, rule of, 113

Protannularia, 338

Proteaceæ, 98

Protonema, 230

Prototaxites, 192, 193

Psilotum, 412

Pteridophyta, 242–414

Pteropods, 156

Puccinia, 213

Purbeck, 49, 56, 57, 227

Pyrula, 158

Pyxidicula, 154

Quekett, J., 127

Rachiopteris, 86

Radiolaria, 42, 118

Radstock, 335, 375

Reboulia, 231

Reefs, 184, 185

Reid, Clement, 60

Reinsch, 106

Reinschia, 180–182

Renault, B., 108, 130, 134, 136, 138, 178, 206, 213, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 309, 320, 328, 339, 340, 342, 348, 349, 362–364, 369, 375, 384, 390, 392, 399, 406

Renault, B. and Bertrand, C. E., 135, 137, 178, 180, 181

Renault, B. and Zeiller, R., 240, 266, 371

Restio tetraphylla, 95

Reuss, A. E., 169

Rhabdoliths, 120

Rhabdospheres, 118, 121

Rhacophyllum, 142

Rhaetic series, 48, 155, 278, 279

Rhizodendron oppoliense, 84

Rhizogonium, 239

Rhodophyceae, 127, 183, 190

Richea dracophylla, 99

Richmond, Virginia, 152

Rill-marks, 144

Rivularia, 126

Rivulariaceae, 129

Rock-building, 23

Rodway, J., 64

Roots, Calamites, 342–349

Rosanoff, 187

Rose, C. B., 127, 128

Rosellinia congregata, 209

Rosellinites, 209

R. Beyschlagii, 209

Rosenvinge, L. K., 187

Ross, Sir J., 139

Rothliegendes strata, 46

Rothpletz, A., 120, 147, 148, 154, 160, 175, 177, 192, 387

Rotularia, 390

R. marsileaefolia, 407

Rotuma Island, 184

Royle, J. F., 411

Rubeola mineralis, 341

Rufford, P., 114, 280

Rules for nomenclature, 111–115

Russia, 282

Saccamina, 151

Saccardo, P. A., 210

St. Étienne, 137, 390, 399

Salt Lake, 122, 123

Salvinia, 355, 390

Sandberger, F., 173

Sanderson, 8

Sandstone, 24

Saporta, Marquis de, 6, 106, 114, 176, 234, 235

Saprolegnia, 215

Sardinia, 177

Sargassum, 191

Saxony, 79

Scale-insects, 210

Schenk, A., 9, 279

Scheuchzer, J. T., 4, 296, 338, 389

Schimper, W. P., 9, 269, 271, 276, 322, 351, 362, 386, 411

Schimper and Mougeot, 291, 293

Schizomycetes, 121, 132–138

Schizoneura, 254–256, 276, 284, 285, 291–294

S. gondwanensis, 292, 293

S. paradoxa, 292, 293

Schizophyceae, 121–132

Schizophyta, 121–138

Schizopteris dichotoma, 232

S. trichomanoides, 232

Schizothrix, 125

Schlotheim, E. F. von, 5, 297, 332, 389

Schlüter, C., 176

Schmalhausen, J., 282, 283, 286, 289, 290

Schoenlein, J. L. and Schenk, A., 269

Schröter, J., 206

Schulze, C. F., 296

Schulze, F., 87

Schütt, F., 118, 119, 121, 154

Schweinfurth, G., 92

Schwendener, S., 414

Sclerotia, 207

Sclerotites Salisburiae, 210

Scott, D. H., 301, 390, 405, 412, 413

Sea sawdust, 122

Secondary thickening, 300

Sections, geological, 27–29

Sedgwick, A., 36, 37, 42

Seeds, fossil, 91

Selaginella, 231, 232, 237, 355

S. Oregana, 231, 232, 240

S. rupestris, 232

Selaginellites, 232, 236

Sequoia, 16

Sézanne, 70, 235

Shales, 24

Sharpe, S., 69, 227

Shell-boring organisms, 183

Shells, 24

Sheppey fruits, 4

Shrubsole, W. H. and Kitton, F., 153

Siberia, 290

Sigillaria, 3, 6, 10, 75, 108

Silurian system, 38, 171, 173, 176, 204

Siphoneae, 125, 156, 157–177, 193

Siphonema, 160

Skiddaw slate, 338

Skye, Island of, 151

Smilax, 99

Smith, William, 43, 48

Smith, Worthington, 217, 218

Solenhofen plants, 78

Solenopora, 189, 190

S. compacta, 189

Sollas, W. J., 146

Solms-Laubach, Graf zu, 77, 92, 149, 166–168, 175, 177, 187, 193, 194, 200, 204, 277, 282, 286, 360, 362, 399, 405

Solomon Islands, 65

Sorby, H. C., 120

Spencer, J., 342

Sphaeriaceae, 209, 220

Sphaerites, 209

Sphaerocodium, 160

S. Bornemanni, 160, 186

Sphaerospermum, 87

Sphagnales, 236

Sphagnum, 236, 241

Sphenophyllales, 389–414

Sphenophyllites, 390

S. emarginatus, 407

Sphenophyllostachys, 400, 402

S. Dawsoni, 402, 403, 405

S. Römeri, 405, 413

Sphenophyllum, 100, 350, 387–414

S. antiquum, 413

S. cuneifolium, 401, 402, 405, 408, 413

S. emarginatum, 391, 407, 408

S. furcatum, 386

S. insigne, 394, 396, 397, 400, 413

S. myriophyllum, 409

S. oblongifolium, 413

S. osnabrugense, 407

S. plurifoliatum, 394, 396–398, 400

S. speciosum, 411

S. tenerrimum, 409, 413

S. Thoni, 391, 410, 413

S. trichomatosum, 398, 408, 409

S. truncatum, 407

Sphenopteris, 77, 112

S. Mantelli, 112

Sphenothallus angustifolia, 148

Spiridens, 237

S. longifolius, 237

Spirophyton, 144

Sprengel, A., 7

Sprudelstein, 123

Stachannularia, 340, 361

Starch-grains, in fossil cells, 213

Stefani, K. de, 155, 156

Steinhauer, H., 5, 297, 373

Stenopora crinita, 215

Stenzel, G., 9, 298

Stephanopyxis, 154

Sternberg, Graf C. von, 5, 104, 257, 297, 332, 336, 363, 371, 389

Sternbergia, 104

Sterzel, J. T., 341, 378, 408

Stigmaria and Stigmarian appendages, 3, 10, 57, 71, 72, 73, 106, 111, 123, 218, 305, 311, 348, 404

Stigmatocanna Volkmanniana, 386

Stokes, C., 80

Stolley, E., 172

Stoneworts, 222–228

Storrie, J., 198, 203, 204

Strata, table of, 31, 32

Stratigraphical Geology, 26

Strickland, H. E., 111, 203

Stromatopora compacta, 189

Stur, D., 310, 343, 369, 370, 375, 376, 378, 384, 385, 386, 387, 409

Stylocalamites, 367, 374–376

Submerged forests, 59, 60

Suckow, G. A., 296, 297, 302

Surface-soils, 55–60

Swanage, 227

Sycidium, 173

S. melo, 155, 173

Synedra, 153

Tchikatcheff, P. de, 283

Teleutospora Milloti, 213

Tenison-Woods, J. E., 279, 291

Teredo, 61, 62

Tertiary Period, 51–53

Thallophyta, 116–228

Thiselton-Dyer, W. T., 87

Thomas, K., 71

van Tieghem, 136

Tmesipteris, 390

Torbanehill, 179, 182

Torbanite, 178, 179

Toula paper-coal, 68, 133

Trametes radiciperda, 215

Transition series, 40, 44, 413

Travertine, 69, 70, 234, 235

Treub, M., 131

Triassic system, 47, 48, 77, 78, 80, 146, 155, 160, 171, 174, 175, 256, 267, 268, 292–294

Trichomanes Goebelianum, 242

Trigonocarpon, 91

Triploporella, 177

Tristichia hypnoides, 231, 232

Trizygia, 411, 412

T. speciosa, 411

Tuedian series, 43

Tulip tree, 16

Turner, D., 191

Tylodendron, 104

Udotea, 171, 185, 202

Unconformity, 27

Underclay, 43

Unger, F., 187, 298, 299, 301

Uteria, 177

Vaillant, S., 225

Vascular Cryptogams, 242–414

Vaucheria, 157, 178

Venation, 99

Vermiporella, 172, 176

Vexillum, 149

Vinci, Leonardo da, 2

Vogelsang, H., 137

Volcanic rocks, 34, 51, 88, 89, 90

Volkmann, G. A., 296

Volkmannia, 350, 360, 361, 362

V. Binneyi, 351

V. Dawsoni, 401

V. Ludwigi, 351

Wallace, A. R., 245

Ward, L., 1

Wealden, 50, 55, 112, 114, 234, 257, 279, 280

Weed, W. H., 126

Weiss, C. E., 290, 343, 344, 351, 357, 358, 360–364, 367, 369, 370, 371, 375, 377, 388, 401, 408

Wenlock series, 38, 124, 200, 203

Wethered, E., 124

Willdenow, K. L., 231

Wille, N., 170

Williamson, W. C., 9, 10, 71, 94, 100, 103, 132, 154, 218, 220, 231, 273, 276, 301, 304, 315, 322, 324–326, 342, 346, 355, 358, 390, 392, 397, 401, 403

Williamson, W. C. and Scott, D. H., 88, 307, 312, 319, 320, 342, 346, 349, 355, 358, 390, 392, 396, 397, 405, 406

Witham, H., 7, 8

Withamia, 115

Wood-boring insects, 107

Woodward, J., 3, 10, 34, 71, 296

Woronina, 216

Wünsch, 89

Yellowstone Park, 79, 92, 126, 150

Yoredale rocks, 40, 43

Yorkshire coast, 55

Young, G. and Bird, J., 269

Zechstein series, 46

Zeiller, R., 76, 100, 133, 146, 232, 261, 264, 265, 282, 283, 289, 367, 375, 378, 390, 401, 403, 405, 406, 408, 409, 410, 411

Zigno, A. de, 6, 271, 276, 287

Zonatrichia calcivora, 130

Zonatrichites, 129, 130

Zygosporites, 214, 220, 221

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

FOOTNOTES: