VOCABULARY (continued 2)
Reading edition
,
v.
to throw;
s'--
, throw oneself, spring forward, spring, dart, start up;
élancé, -e
,
adj.
slender.
élargir
,
v.
to widen;
élargi, -e
, widened, spreading.
élastique
,
adj.
elastic.
électeur
,
m.
elector, constituent; avenue de l'Électeur, Kurfürstenallée (avenue near
Heidelberg).
électrique
,
adj.
electric.
élégance
,
f.
elegance.
élégant, -e
,
adj.
elegant.
élégiaque
,
adj.
elegiac.
élément
,
m.
element.
éléphant
,
m.
elephant.
élever
,
v.
to elevate, bring up, put up, ralse;
s'--
, rise, arise;
élevé, -e
, elevated, tall, lofty,
towering.
Elias
, Elias (Elia) is the New Testament and German form of Élie, Elijah.
elle
,
conj. and disj. pr.
(feminine), she, it.
elle-même
,
see
lui-même
.
éloge
,
m.
praise.
Éloi
(saint), Saint Éloi or Eligius, Bishop of Noyon (c. 588-659).
éloignement
,
m.
removal, distance.
éloigner
,
v.
to remove, send away, banish;
s'--
, go away, move away;
éloigné, -e
, distant.
émail
,
m.
enamel.
emballage
,
m.
packing.
emballer
,
v.
to pack up.
embarcation
,
f.
small craft, boat.
embarquement
,
m.
embarcation.
embarquer
,
v.
to embark, put on board;
s'--
, embark, be put on board.
embarras
,
m.
embarrassment.
embarrasser
,
v.
to embarrass.
embaumer
,
v.
to embalm, perfume, smell sweet, give forth a sweet odor.
emboiter
,
v.
to join, fit in;
-- le pas
, lock step.
embonpoint
,
m.
plumpness, stoutness.
embraser
,
v.
to set on fire;
embrasé, -e
, burning, on fire.
embrasser
,
v.
to embrace, kiss.
embrasure
,
f.
embrasure, window-recess.
embrouiller
,
v.
to entangle, tangle, confuse, befog.
embrumer
,
v.
to cover (with mist), overcast.
émeraude
,
f.
emerald.
émérite
,
adj.
emeritus, old, confirmed.
émettre
,
v.
to emit, express.
émigrer
,
v.
to emigrate.
Emineh
, the Trusty One or the Steadfast One (Arabic).
éminence
,
f.
eminence, height, rising ground.
émir
,
m.
emir (Mohammedan governor, etc.).
émission
,
f.
emission, issue.
emmener
,
v.
to lead or take away, carry off (pronounced: ammener).
émotion
,
f.
emotion.
émouchet
,
m.
sparrow-hawk.
émouvoir
,
v.
to excite, move.
emparer (s')
,
v.
to take possession.
empêcher
,
v.
to hinder, prevent, keep from;
il n'a pu s'-- de
, he could not help.
empereur
,
m.
emperor.
empêtrer
,
v.
to entangle.
empiler
,
v.
to pile up.
emplette
,
f.
purchase.
emplir
,
v.
to fill.
emploi
,
m.
employment, use, position, job.
employé, -e
,
m., f.
employee, clerk.
employer
,
v.
to employ, use, take up (attention).
empoigner
,
v.
to grasp, lay hold of.
emporter
,
v.
to carry off or away, take away, take;
l'--
, carry (him, her, it) off, prevail, win the
day.
empreindre
,
v.
to imprint, impress, mark.
empreinte
,
f.
imprint, impression.
empressement
,
m.
eagerness, alacrity.
empresser (s')
,
v.
to be eager, hasten, hurry, press eagerly (about).
emprisonner
,
v.
to imprison.
emprunter
,
v.
to borrow.
en
,
conj. pr.
of it, of him, etc., some, with (of, by, etc.) it.
en
,
prep.
in, into, ta, while, in the capacity of, as, like, by, at.
encadrer
,
v.
to frame.
encaisser
,
v.
to encage, embank, enclose.
encens
,
m.
incense (
s
not pronounced).
enchainer
,
v.
to enchain, put in chains, chain.
enchanter
,
v.
to enchant, delight.
enchère
,
f.
bidding, auction.
encoignure
,
f.
corner, angle.
encombrer
,
v.
to obstruct, encumber, overload, crowd.
encore
,
adv.
still, again, yet, besides;
-- un
, another.
encourager
,
v.
to encourage.
encre
,
f.
ink.
encrier
,
m.
inkstand.
endiabler
,
v.
to be in a passion;
faire --
, to throw into a rage, arouse the devil in.
endimancher
,
v.
to put on one's Sunday clothes (usually
refl.
);
endimanché, -e
, dressed in one's test clothes.
endormir
,
v.
to put to sleep;
s'--
, fall asleep;
endormi, -e
, asleep, sleeping, fallen asleep, dull.
endosser
,
v.
to put on.
endroit
,
m.
place.
énergie
,
f.
energy.
énergique
,
adj.
energetic.
énergiquement
,
adv.
energetically.
énerver
,
v.
to enervate, unnerve, weaken, wear on the nerves.
enfance
,
f.
infancy, childhood.
enfant
,
m., f.
child;
bon --
, good fellow;
-- de choeur
, choir-boy.
enfantillage
,
m.
childishness, childish act.
enfantin, -e
,
adj.
infantile, childish, children's, child's.
enfer
,
m.
hell.
enfermer
,
v.
to shut up, enclose.
enfiler
,
v.
to thread, string, slip on.
enfin
,
adv.
finally, at last, after all, in short.
enflammer
,
v.
to inflame, set fire to;
enflammé, -e
, inflamed, flaming, on fire.
enfoncer
,
v.
to sink, drive in, plunge, thrust, hide;
s'--
, sink, go down (into), settle down, give
way, be broken in, plunge.
enfuir (s'
),
v.
to flee.
engagement
,
m.
engagement, obligation, contract, enlistment.
engager
,
v.
to engage, enlist, induce, urge, give (a signature);
s'--
, enlist, enter.
engendrer
,
v.
to engender, beget.
engin
,
m.
engine, machine, fishing-gear.
engloutir
,
v.
to engulf, devour, swallow greedily, gulp down;
s'--
, be engulfed, be swallowed.
engouffrer
,
v.
to engulf;
s'--
, be engulfed, be swallowed up, be poured (into), rush (of the
wind).
engourdir
,
v.
to benumb, deaden;
s'--
, become benumbed or drowsy or dull;
engourdi, -e
,
benumbed, deadened, torpid, drowsy.
engourdissement
,
m.
numbness, torpor.
engraisser
,
v.
to fatten, get fat.
enhardir
,
v.
to embolden;
s'-- à
, become bold enough to (avoid liaison with
n
in this word).
énigme
,
f.
enigma, riddle.
enivrer (s')
,
v.
to get drunk (
en
pronounced as in
ennui
).
enjambée
,
f.
stride.
enjamber
,
v.
to bestride, stride, put one's leg over, stride over.
enlacer
,
v.
to lace, bind, entwine, interlace.
enlèvement
,
m.
carrying off, capture.
enlever
,
v.
to take away, carry off, take off, raise, remove;
-- cette affaire
, accomplish this.
enluminer
,
v.
to color, paint.
ennemi
,
m.
enemy;
--, -e
, adjectively, hostile.
ennui
,
m.
ennui, tediousness,
tiresomeness
, vexation (in this and in the next two words the
first syllable is nasalized).
ennuyer
,
v.
to weary, bore.
enorgueillir
,
v.
to make proud;
s'--
, be proud.
énorme
,
adj.
enormous.
énormément
,
adv.
enormously.
énormité
,
f.
enormity.
enquérir (s')
,
v.
to inquire.
enquête
,
f.
inquest, inquiry, search.
enrager
,
v.
to enrage, become mad;
enragé, --e
, mad, enraged, crazy, crazy fellow.
enrégimenter
,
v.
to form into regiments, enroll.
enrichir
,
v.
to enrich;
s'--
, become rich.
enroué, -e
,
adj.
hoarse.
ensanglanter
,
v.
to make bloody, make blood-red;
ensanglanté, -e
, bloody.
enseigne
,
f.
sign, sign-board.
ensemble
,
adv.
together.
ensuite
,
adv.
then, next, afterwards.
ensuivre (s')
,
v.
to ensue, follow.
entasser
,
v.
to pile up;
s'--
, be piled up.
entendement
,
m.
understanding, intellect, mind.
entendre
,
v.
to hear, understand, mean, intend;
s'--
, understand one another, be understood,
be heard;
à -- de
, if you listen to, according to;
bien entendu
, to be sure, of course.
enterrement
,
m.
burial, funeral, funeral procession.
enterrer
,
v.
to bury.
entêter
,
v.
to give a headache to, make vain;
s'--
, be obstinate, persist.
entier, -ère
,
adj.
entire;
tout --
, entirely.
entièrement
,
adv.
entirely.
entour (à l')
,
adv.
round about;
-- de
, around.
entourage
,
m.
frame, intimates.
entourer
,
v.
to surround, envelop.
entr'acte
,
m.
intermission.
entrailles
,
f. pl.
entrails, bowels, feeling;
qui lui tenait encore aux --
, for whom she still
yearned.
entraîner
,
v.
to drag, draw, draw along or on;
s'--
, drag oneself, train, drill.
entre
,
prep.
between, among, in;
d'--
, from among, among;
-- eux
, among themselves, to one
another, etc.;
passer -- vos mains
, to pass into your hands;
ils parlèrent -- eux
, they talked
to each other.
entre-bâillé, -e
,
adj.
half-open, ajar.
entrée
,
f.
entrance, entry.
entrefaite
,
f.
interval;
sur ces entrefaites
, meanwhile.
entremêler
,
v.
to intermix, intermingle.
entremetteur
,
m.
go-between, procurer.
entrepôt
,
m.
storeroom, warehouse.
entreprendre
,
v.
to undertake.
entreprise
,
f.
enterprise, undertaking.
entrer
,
v.
to enter, come in, put or go in.
entretenir
,
v.
to keep up, take care of, support, maintain;
s'--
, converse.
entretien
,
m.
support, keep, conversation, interview.
entrevue
,
f.
interview.
entr'ouvrir
,
v.
to half-open, set ajar, open part way.
envahir
,
v.
to invade, penetrate, take possession of.
envahisseur
,
m.
invader; adjectively: invading.
enveloppe
,
f.
envelope, exterior, covering, cover, outward form.
envelopper
,
v.
to envelop, wrap up, surround.
envers
,
m.
wrong side; prep. towards;
à l'--
, contrary to, wrong side outwards;
se mettre le coeur à l'--
, to be upset.
envi (à l')
,
adv.
in emulation, vying with each other.
envie
,
f.
desire, longing, envy;
faire - à
, to make envious;
porter -- à
, be envious of.
envier
,
v.
to envy, long for.
envieux, -euse
,
adj.
envious.
environ
,
adv.
about;
aux (dans les) environs
, in the neighborhood or vicinity, in the suburbs.
environner
,
v.
to surround, attend.
envoler (s')
,
v.
to fly away.
envoyer
,
v.
to send;
-- des sourires à
, smile at.
épais, -se
,
adj.
thick.
épaisseur
,
f.
thickness.
épaissir
,
v.
to thicken, deepen (silence).
épanouir
,
v.
to open, cheer;
épanoui, -e
, open, cheerful, in blossom.
épanouissement
,
m.
blossoming, blooms.
épargner
,
v.
to save, spare.
épars, -e
,
adj.
scattered, disheveled.
épaule
,
f.
shoulder.
épaulement
,
m.
breastwork.
épaulette
,
f.
epaulette.
épée
,
f.
sword.
éperdu, -e
,
adj.
desperate, bewildered, frantic, distracted.
éperdument
,
adv.
frantically, desperately.
éperon
,
m.
spur.
épi
,
m.
ear (of grain, etc.).
épicier
,
m.
groceryman, grocer.
épigramme
,
f.
epigram.
époque
,
f.
epoch, time.
épouser
,
v.
to marry.
épouvantable
,
adj.
terrible, appalling.
épouvante
,
f.
fright, terror.
épouvanter
,
v.
to terrify, appall.
époux, -ouse
,
m., f.
husband, wife.
éprendre (s')
,
v.
to fall in love (with), be smitten.
épreuve
,
f.
trial, proof.
éprouver
,
v.
to experience, try, test, feel.
épuiser
,
v.
to exhaust.
équipage
,
m.
crew.
équiper
,
v.
to equip.
équivalent
,
m.
equivalent.
équivoque
,
adj.
equivocal, doubtful.
-er
, see
premier
.
érafler
,
v.
to scratch.
érailler
,
v.
to fray.
ermite
,
m.
hermit.
errer
,
v.
to wander; chien errant, stray dog.
erreur
,
f.
error, mistake.
éruption
,
f.
eruption.
Esbekick
, Ezbekia Gardens (in northern section of Cairo).
escabeau
,
m.
escabelle, f. stool.
escadron
,
m.
squadron, cavalry;
chef d'--
, major.
escalier
,
m.
staircase, stairway.
escapade
,
f.
escapade, prank.
escarboucle
,
f.
carbuncle (stone).
escargot
,
m.
snail.
escarmouche
,
f.
skirmish.
esclave
,
m., f.
slave.
escogriffe
,
m.
sharper, gawky or lanky fellow.
escorte
,
f.
escort, convoy.
espace
,
m.
space.
espacer
,
v.
to space;
s'--
, to grow farther apart.
Espagne
,
f.
Spain;
pièce d'--
, Spanish coin.
espagnol, -e
,
adj. and s.
Spanish, Spaniard (written
Espagnol
when
s.
).
espèce
,
f.
species, sort, kind, cash (in
pl.
).
espérance
,
f.
hope, expectation.
espérer
,
v.
to hope.
espiêgle
,
adj.
frolicsome, roguish, mischievous.
espion
,
m.
spy.
esplanade
,
f.
esplanade.
espoir
,
m.
hope.
esprit
,
m.
mind, wit, sense, brains, spirit;
-- fort
, skeptic.
essaim
,
m.
swarm.
essayer
,
v.
to try.
essence
,
f.
essence, perfume, scent.
essentiel, -le
,
adj.
essential (
t
pronounced as
c
).
essoufflement
,
m.
breathlessness.
essoufiler
,
v.
to put out of breath;
essoufflé, -e
, out of breath, breathless.
essuyer
,
v.
to wipe, wipe away.
estafette
,
f.
courier, messenger.
estimer
,
v.
to esteem, estimate.
estomac
,
m.
stomach (pronounced:
estoma
).
estrade
,
f.
platform, dais.
estropié, -e
,
adj. and s.
crippled, maimed, cripple.
et
,
conj.
and.
étable
,
f.
stable, cattle-shed;
-- à cochons
, pig-sty.
établir
,
v.
to establish, set up, set, settle, fix, fasten, make;
s'--
, be established, take a
position, settle down, etc.
établissement
,
m.
establishment, moving in.
étage
,
m.
flight of stairs, story, floor (above the groundfloor);
premier --
, second story.
étain
,
m.
tin, pewter.
étalage
,
m.
goods exposed for sale, display, show-window.
étaler
,
v.
to set out, spread out, display, expose goods (for sale);
s'--
, spread out, be exposed
or displayed.
état
,
m.
state, condition.
état-major
,
m.
staff.
etc.
, pronounced in French:
ett cétéra
.
été
,
m.
summer.
éteindre
,
v.
to extinguish, put out;
s'--, die out
, go out;
éteint, -e
, extinguished, extinct, dead.
étendre
,
v.
to extend, stretch, stretch out;
s'--
, extend, stretch oneself out.
étendue
,
f.
stretch, extent.
éternel, -le
,
adj.
eternal, everlasting.
éternuer
,
v.
to sneeze.
étinceler
,
v.
to sparkle, glitter;
étincelant, -e
, sparkling, glittering, brilliant.
étincelle
,
f.
spark, flash, glitter.
étirer
,
v.
to stretch.
étoffe
,
f.
stuff, fabric.
étoile
,
f.
star;
coucher à la belle --
, to sleep in the open air.
étoiler
,
v.
to star, stud, dot, shine like a star, sparkle.
étonnement
,
m.
astonishment.
étonner
,
v.
to astonish, amaze;
s'--
, be astonished.
étouffer
,
v.
to stifle, muffle, smother, choke.
étourdi, -e
,
adj. and s.
giddy, heedless, rattlebrained, rattlebrain, madcap, giddy-headed
fellow.
étrange
,
adj.
strange.
étrangement
,
adv.
strangely.
étranger, -ère
,
adj. and s.
strange, foreign, stranger, foreigner.
étrangler
,
v.
to strangle, choke.
être
,
v.
to be, go (in past tense);
-- à
, belong to, be the right of, be the turn of, be busy (about);
en - à
, reach the point of, come to;
en - là
, to be reduced to such a point, be in such
a condition;
-- bien avec
, be on good terms with;
nous y sommes
, here we are;
il est
, there
is or are (rarer than
il y a
);
n'est-ce pas?
, isn't it?, don't you think so?, etc.;
il n'était plus au jeu
, he no longer had his mind on the game;
elle en fut dans l'admiration
, she went into
ecstacy over it;
m.
being.
étreindre
,
v.
to squeeze, hug, clasp, grip.
étroit, -e
,
adj.
narrow.
étude
,
f.
study.
étudier
,
v.
to study.
eunuque
,
m.
eunuch.
Eure
,
f.
French river and department (in Normandy).
Europe
,
f.
Europe.
eux
,
disj. pr.
they, them, themselves;
causer entre --
, to chat with one another.
eux-mêmes
,
pr.
themselves, etc.;
d'--
, by themselves, without interference.
évaluer
,
v.
to value, estimate.
Évangéliste
,
m.
Evangelist.
Évangile
,
m.
Gospel.
évanouir (s')
,
v.
to faint, vanish.
évaporer
,
v.
to evaporate.
éveil
,
m.
awakening;
en --
, on the alert or watch.
éveiller
,
v.
to awaken, arouse;
s'--
, awake;
éveillé, -e
, awakened, wide-awake.
événement
,
m.
event.
éventail
,
m.
fan.
éventé, -e
,
adj.
flat, giddy.
éventrer
,
v.
to rip open, disembowel.
évêque
,
m.
bishop.
évertuer (s')
,
v.
to strive, do one's utmost.
évidemment
,
adv.
evidently (
em
pronounced as
am
).
évident, -e
,
adj.
evident.
évider
,
v.
to hollow out;
dentelles d'une sculpture évidée
, open-work stone carving.
éviter
,
v.
to avoid.
Évreux
, town 68 miles northwest of Paris (department of Eure).
exactement
,
adv.
exactly.
exagérer
,
v.
to exaggerate.
exaltation
,
f.
exaltation, glorification, exhilaration.
exalter
,
v.
to exalt;
s'--
, become excited.
examiner
,
v.
to examine.
exaspérer
,
v.
to exasperate.
excellence
,
f.
excellence;
par --
, preëminently.
excellent, -e
,
adj.
excellent.
excepter
,
v.
to except; excepté,
prep.
except.
excès
,
m.
excess.
excessif, -ive
,
adj.
excessive, exorbitant.
exciter
,
v.
to excite, arouse.
exclamation
,
f.
exclamation.
exclusivement
,
adv.
exclusively.
excuse
,
f.
excuse.
excuser
,
v.
to excuse.
exécuter
,
v.
to execute.
exécution
,
f.
execution.
exemple
,
m.
example, parallel, copy;
par --
, indeed, really, for example.
exempt, -e
,
adj.
exempt, free (
p
not pronounced).
exercer
,
v.
to exercise, practice, train;
s'--
, practice, be trained, be exercised, drill, be
produced.
exercice
,
m.
exercise, drill.
exhaler
,
v.
to exhale, give vent to, heave.
exiger
,
v.
to exact, demand.
exil
,
m.
exile.
exiler
,
v.
to exile.
existence
,
f.
existence.
exister
,
v.
to exist.
expédition
,
f.
expedition.
expérience
,
f.
experience, experiment.
expier
,
v.
to expiate, atone for.
expirer
,
v.
to expire, die, die away.
explication
,
f.
explanation.
expliquer
,
v.
to explain;
s'--
, explain oneself, be explained, give an explanation.
exploiter
,
v.
to exploit.
explorer
,
v.
to explore.
explosion
,
f.
explosion.
exposer
,
v.
to expose.
exposition
,
f.
exposition;
Exposition de 89
, Paris Exposition of 1889.
exprès, expresse
,
adj. and adv.
express, on purpose;
par un fait --
, on purpose, by a
prearrangement.
expressément
,
adv.
expressly.
expressif, -ive
,
adj.
expressive.
expression
,
f.
expression.
exprimer
,
v.
to express.
ex-prince
,
m.
ex-prince.
expulser
,
v.
to expel, drive out.
exquis, -e
,
adj.
exquisite.
extase
,
f.
ecstasy.
extatique
,
adj.
ecstatic.
exténuer
,
v.
to extenuate, weaken, exhaust.
extérieur, -e
,
adj.
and m. exterior, outer, outside.
exterminer
,
v.
to exterminate.
extraordinaire
,
adj.
extraordinary.
extravagance
,
f.
extravagance, excess, wild idea.
extravagant, -e
,
adj.
extravagant, wild, unreasonable.
extrême
,
adj.
extreme.
extrêmement
,
adv.
extremely.
extrémité
,
f.
extremity, tip.
F
f...
, abbreviation for
foutu
.
fabliau
,
m.
fabliau (humorous medieval tale).
fabricant
,
m.
manufacturer.
fabrique
,
f.
factory, manufacture, make;
marque de --
, trade-mark.
fabriquer
,
v.
to manufacture, make.
fabuleux, -euse
,
adj.
fabulous.
face
,
f.
face, front;
en --
, opposite, in presence of, openly, squarely;
en -- de
, opposite,
changer de --
, to change appearance.
facétie
,
f.
facetiousness, joke (
t
pronounced as
c
).
fâcher
,
v.
to anger;
se --
, get angry;
fâché, -e
, adj. angry, sorry.
fâcheux, -euse
,
adj.
grievous, vexatious.
facile
,
adj.
easy.
facilement
,
adv.
easily.
facilité
,
f.
facility, ease, fluency.
façon
,
f.
fashion, manner, way, composition;
de -- à
, so as to;
d'une -- continue
,
continuously.
fagot
,
m.
fagot.
faible
,
adj. and s.
feeble, weak, faint, weak person.
faiblement
,
adv.
feebly, weakly, faintly.
faiblesse
,
f.
feebleness, weakness, swoon.
Faidherbe (Louis)
, distinguished general of Franco-Prussian war (1818-1889).
faignant
, popular for
faitnéant
.
faigniant
, dialectic for
fainéant
.
faillir
,
v.
to rail, err, corne near;
-- à l'honneur
, act dishonorably.
faillite
,
f.
bankruptcy;
faire --
, to fail.
faim
,
f.
hunger.
fainéant, -e
,
adj. and s.
idle, lazy fellow, do-nothing, sluggard.
faire
,
v.
to do, make, form, build, perform, cause, act, heave, utter, let, mark, play the part of,
bring it about (that), be (weather), take (a step, a nap), commit (an act), have (a dream,
supper, anything clone), pay (court, compliment, attention), pass over or cover (distance),
serve (time), give (pleasure, trouble, light, pain), say (when quoting), ask (a question), play (a
game), attach (importance), cut (teeth), compose (verses), carry on (trade);
se --
, be done, be
made, be produced, grow, become, be;
se -- à
, become accustomed to, adapt oneself to;
-- danser
, invite to dance, play for a dance for;
me -- envie
, make me envious;
-- entrer
, show
in, take in;
-- voir
, show;
que --?
, what is (was, etc.) to be done?;
ne -- que
, only (with a verb);
n'avoir que -- de
, have no reason to, have nothing to do with;
-- venir
, send for;
-- tête à
,
stand out against, face;
il n'a rien à-- ici
, it is out of place here;
rien n'y fit
, nothing worked;
être fait à
, be adapted to;
les noces furent faites
, the wedding took place.
faisceau
,
m.
bundle, sheaf; remettre les armes en faisceaux, to stack arms again.
faiseur, -euse
,
m., f.
maker, dressmaker.
fait
,
m.
fact, deed; allons
au --
, let us come to the point;
haut fait
, exploit.
faîte
,
m.
top, ridge (of a roof).
falaise
,
f.
cliff.
falbala
,
m.
furbelow, flounce.
falloir
,
v.
to be necessary, need, must, should, have to;
tant s'en faut
, by a good deal.
fameux, -euse
,
adj.
famous, great, precious (familiar).
familiariser
,
v.
to familiarize, accustom.
familier, -ère
,
adj
familiar.
famille
,
f.
family.
faner
,
v.
to fade, wither.
fantaisie
,
f.
fancy, whim.
fantasmagorie
,
f.
phantasmagoria (fantastic series of illusive or terrifying figures).
fantasque
,
adj.
fantastic, fanciful, whimsical.
fantastique
,
adj.
fantastic, supernatural, incredible.
fantastiquement
,
adv.
fantastically.
faquir
,
m.
fakir (Mohammedan monk).
farceur
,
m.
joker.
fardeau
,
m.
burden.
farine
,
f.
flour.
farouche
,
adj.
wild, unsociable, shy, skittish.
fasciner
,
v.
to fascinate.
fat
,
m.
fop, coxcomb (
t
pronounced).
fatal, -e
,
adj.
fatal.
fatalité
,
f.
fatality, mischance.
fatigant, -e
,
adj.
tiring.
fatigue
,
f.
fatigue, weariness, hard work.
fatiguer
,
v.
to weary, tire, exhaust, wear out, lash (of the wind).
faubourg
,
m.
outskirt, suburb, faubourg (quarter between center and town limit);
le Faubourg
, the Faubourg Saint Germain (Parisian quarter of the old aristocracy).
faubourien, -ne
,
m., f.
inhabitant of a faubourg (where laborers,workmen, etc., live), plebeian.
faulx
, obsolescent spelling of
faux
,
f.
faute
,
f.
fault, error;
-- de
, for lack of;
-- de mieux
, for lack of anything better;
il y a un peu de votre -- dans
, you are a little to blame for.
fauteuil
,
m.
armchair.
fauve
,
adj.
fallow, fawn-colored, tawny;
bête --
, wild beast, deer.
fauvette
,
f.
warbler.
faux
,
f.
scythe.
faux
, fausse,
adj.
false, pretended, wrong;
-- pas
, misstep, mistake.
faveur
,
f.
favor.
favorable
,
adj.
favorable, pleasing.
favori, -te
,
adj.
favorite;
m. pl.
whiskers, side-whiskers.
favoriser
,
v.
to favor.
Fécamp
, town on the English Channel between Le Havre and Dieppe (department of
Seine-Inférieure).
fée
,
f.
fairy.
feindre
,
v.
to feign, pretend.
Félibrige
,
m.
name of a modern school or society of Provençal writers (see also note given on
p. 295).
félicité
,
f.
felicity.
féliciter
,
v.
to congratulate.
fellah
,
m.
fellah (Egyptian peasant).
féminin, -e
,
adj.
feminine.
femme
,
f.
woman, wife;
-- de chambre
, maid.
fendre
,
v.
to split, cleave, crack;
fendu, -e
, split, wide open (of the mouth).
fenêtre
,
f.
window;
sauter sur la --
, to jump on the window-sill.
fer
,
m.
iron.
Ferdoussi
, Firdusi or Ferdausi, celebrated Persian epic poet, author of the Shahnamah
or Book of Kings (c. 940-c. 1020).
ferme
,
adj. and adv.
firm, steady, firmly, steadily, hard.
ferme
,
f.
farm, farming out, lease.
fermenter
,
v.
to ferment.
fermer
,
v.
to close, shut;
se --
, close.
fermeté
,
f.
firmness, steadiness.
fermeture
,
f.
closing, fastening.
fermier
,
m.
farmer;
-- général
, farmer-general (financier to whom, before the French
Revolution, the taxes were farmed out).
féroce
,
adj.
ferocious.
férocité
,
f.
ferocity.
ferrer
,
v.
to tip with iron, shoe.
ferveur
,
f.
fervor.
fête
,
f.
festival, holiday, party, entertainment;
jour de --
, holiday.
feu
,
m.
fire, shot;
de --
, of fire, fiery, red-hot;
faire --
, to fire;
mettre le --
, set fire (to anything);
au coin de son --
, at her fireside.
feu, -e
,
adj.
late, deceased.
feuille
,
f.
leaf.
feuillée
,
f.
bower, foliage.
feuillet
,
m.
leaf (of a book).
feuilleter
,
v.
to turn the leaves of.
feutre
,
m.
felt, felt hat.
février
,
m.
February.
fi
,
interj.
fie!;
-- donc!
, fie!, for shame!
fiancer
,
v.
to betroth;
fiancé, -e
, fiancé, fiancée, betrothed.
ficeler
,
v.
to tie, bind.
ficelle
,
f.
string.
fidèle
,
adj.
faithful.
fiente
,
f.
dung (of birds, cattle, etc.).
fier
,
v.
to trust;
se -- à (sur)
, trust to, rely on.
fier, -ère
,
adj.
proud, haughty, stout, bold;
avoir un -- courage
, to be downright courageous
(
r
pronounced).
fièrement
,
adv.
proudly.
fierté
,
f.
pride.
fieu
, dialectic for fils.
fièvre
,
f.
lever.
fiévreux, -euse
,
adj. and s.
feverish, person with a lever.
figer
,
v.
to congeal;
se --
, be congealed or coagulated.
figurant, -e
,
m., f.
supernumerary.
figure
,
f.
face, figure;
faire --
to cut a figure, be quite prominent.
figurer (se)
,
v.
to imagine, picture, represent; figurez-vous, just imagine.
fil
,
m.
thread, line, wire, edge (
l
pronounced).
filature
,
f.
spinning-mill.
file
,
f.
file, row.
filer
,
v.
to spin, file by, be off, get away, shoot by, move along, cover ground, pay out;
-- son chemin
, make off.
filet
,
m.
net, netting, thread, filet, bead, small stream, fillet.
fille
,
f.
daughter, girl;
-- à marier
, marriageable girl;
-- mère
, unmarried mother.
filou
,
m.
pickpocket, sharper.
fils
,
m.
son;
-- de famille
, gentleman's son;
Fils de France
, French prince (pronounced:
fis
).
fin
,
f.
end.
fin, -e
,
adj.
fine, delicate, precious, of fine quality;
fine fleur
, cream, finest quality;
au -- fond de son sommeil
, really and soundly asleep;
fine
,
f.
(abbreviation for
fine champagne
), choice brandy.
finalement
,
adv.
finally, once for all.
financier, -ère
,
adj. and s.
financial, financier.
finir
,
v.
to finish, end;
-- par
(with infinitive), finally.
firmament
,
m.
firmament.
fisc
,
m.
public treasury.
fixe
,
adj.
fixed, appointed.
fixement
,
adv.
fixedly.
fixer
,
v.
to fix.
flacon
,
m.
flask.
flairer
,
v.
to scent, smell.
flamber
,
v.
to flame, blaze, blaze up, burst into flame, burn.
flamboyer
,
v.
to flame, glitter, glisten;
flamboyant, -e
, flamboyant, flaming.
flamme
,
f.
flame.
flanc
,
m.
flank, side.
Flandre
,
f.
Flanders.
flâner
,
v.
to lounge, lie about, lie, stroll.
flanquer
,
v.
to flank, hit, let have or give (a blow);
flanqué de
, flanked by, having on the sides.
flaque
,
f.
puddle.
flasque
,
adj.
flabby, loose.
flatter
,
v.
to flatter.
flatterie
,
f.
flattery.
flatteur, -euse
,
adj.
flattering.
fléau
,
m.
flail, scourge.
flèche
,
f.
arrow.
fleur
,
f.
flower;
petite -- bleue
, little blue flower of poetic imagination.
fleurer
,
v.
to smell (of).
fleurette
,
f.
little flower, gallant speech.
fleurir
,
v.
to flower, blossom, adorn with flowers;
fleuri, -e
, flowered, flowery.
fleuron
,
m.
flower-like ornament, vignette, flourish.
fleuve
,
m.
river.
flocon
,
m.
flake.
Flore
, Flora (Roman goddess of flowers).
florin
,
m.
florin (of varying value, the former German coin was worth 40 cents).
flot
,
m.
wave, flood.
flotte
,
f.
fleet.
flotter
,
v.
to float, wave (hair).
flottille
,
f.
flotilla.
flûte
,
f.
flute;
à son de --
, high-pitched.
flux
,
m.
flow, rising tide, flood (pronounced:
flu
).
foi
,
f.
faith.
foire
,
m.
fair.
fois
,
f.
time;
une --
, once;
deux --
, twice;
à la --
, at the same time, at a time;
il y avait une --
,
there was once upon a time.
folie
,
f.
madness, insanity, folly, prank.
follet, -te
,
adj.
playful, downy, silky; poils follets, clown.
foncé, -e
,
adj.
dark.
fonction
,
f.
function, duty.
fonctionaire
,
m.
functionary, official.
fond
,
m.
bottom, back, end, background, depths, low-land, heart.
fonder
,
v.
to found.
fondre
,
v.
to melt, reduce (fat);
-- en larmes
, burst into tears.
fonds
,
m.
stock.
fontaine
,
f.
fountain.
Fontainebleau
, town about 35 miles south of Paris with a famous Renaissance castle built by
Francis I, there is also an artillery and engineering school for the army.
fonte
,
f.
cast-iron.
force
,
f.
force, might, strength, full strength;
à -- de
, by dint of;
à toute --
, in spite of everything;
-- publique
, police.
forcer
,
v.
to force, make, break through, bend, overwork.
forestier, -ère
,
adj.
and s. forest, forester, forester's wife.
forêt
,
f.
forest;
la Forêt Noire
, the Black Forest (east of the upper Rhine, in Baden and
Würtemberg, corresponding in elevation to the Vosges on the west bank).
forme
,
f.
form, figure, proportion.
former
,
v.
to form.
formidable
,
adj.
formidable.
fort, -e
,
adj., adv. and s.
strong, clever, hard, very; very much,. much, heavy, loud, astounding.
fortement
,
adv.
strongly, firmly, very.
forteresse
,
f.
fortress.
fortification
,
f.
fortification (in
pl.
the name is given to the wall around Paris).
fortifier
,
v.
to fortify, strengthen.
fortune
,
f.
fortune.
fossé
, m. ditch, moat, drain.
fossette
,
f.
dimple.
fou, folle
,
adj. and s.
mad, crazy, wild, capricious, crazy person, madman.
foudre
,
f.
flash (of lightning), thunderbolt.
fouetter
,
v.
to whip, whip up, lash.
fouiller
,
v.
to dig, dig in, excavate, search, ransack.
fouillis
,
m.
confused mass, confusion, disorder.
fouine
,
f.
beech-marten (white-throated marten).
foule
,
f.
crowd, lot.
fouler
,
v.
to trample upon, tread.
four
,
m.
oven, kiln;
le -- chauffe pour moi
, things are getting hot for me.
fourche
,
f.
fork, pitchfork.
fourchette
,
f.
fork.
fourneau
,
m.
stove, range, furnace.
fournée
,
f.
ovenful, batch.
fournir
,
v.
to furnish.
fourrage
,
m.
fodder.
fourré, -e
,
adj. and m.
furred, lined with fur, bushy, thick, thicket.
fourreau
,
m.
scabbard.
fourrure
,
f.
fur.
foutu, -e
,
adj.
done for, down and out, gone (extremely vulgar).
foyer
,
m.
hearth, fireplace, fireside, home, foyer.
fracas
,
m.
crash.
fraction
,
f.
fraction, part.
fragile
,
adj.
fragile.
fragment
,
m.
fragment, piece.
fraîchement
,
adv.
freshly.
fraîcheur
,
f.
freshness, coolness, bloom, beauty.
frais
, fraîche,
adj.
fresh, cool, rosy, with a fresh complexion, recently made;
mettre au --
,
to cool, cool off.
frais
,
m. pl.
expenses, expense.
franc
,
m.
franc (about 19 cents).
franc, franche
,
adj.
frank, honest, open;
-- comme l'or
, honest as the day.
français, -e
,
adj. and s.
French, Frenchman (written
Français
when
s.
).
France
,
f.
France.
franchement
,
adv.
frankly.
franchir
,
v.
to clear, pass over, pass, leap over.
franchise
,
f.
frankness;
de --
, frank.
François
, Francis.
franc-tireur
,
m.
irregular sharp-shooter or skirmisher (volunteer not in regular army).
frange
,
f.
fringe.
Franguistan
(usually written
Frangistan
),
m.
name given by Orientais to Western Europe.
frapper
,
v.
to strike, knock;
-- des pieds
, stamp;
frappé de
, stricken with.
fraulein = demoiselle
or
mademoiselle
(German).
frayeur
,
f.
fright.
fredonner
,
v.
to hum, trill.
frêle
,
adj.
frail, slender.
Frelu
, proper name,
cf.
frêle
.
frémir
,
v.
to shudder, shake, quiver.
fremis
,
m.
=
frémissement
(dialectic).
frémissement
,
m.
trembling, rustling, quivering, murmuring, shock.
frénésie
,
f.
frenzy, madness.
frénétique
,
adj.
frantic.
frénétiquement
,
adv.
frantically.
fréquent, -e
,
adj.
frequent.
fréquentation
,
f.
frequentation;
la -- de
, frequenting.
frère
,
m.
brother.
fret
,
m.
freight;
vaisseau à --
, cargo-boat (pronounced:
frè
).
fricassée
,
f.
fricassee (meat cut up and served in sauce).
fricasser
,
v.
to fricassee.
fricot
,
m.
stew, ragout.
frigousse
,
f.
food, feasting, high time (familiar).
fringaler
,
v.
to stagger (Old French word = to dance).
friper
,
v.
to rumple, wear out.
fripon
,
m.
rogue, rascal.
friser
,
v.
to curl;
frisé, -e
, curled, curly.
frisson
,
m.
shiver, shudder;
avoir (donner) le --
, to have (give) the shivers.
frissonner
,
v.
to shiver, shudder, tremble.
froid, -e
,
adj. and m.
cold, chill.
froidement
,
adv.
coldly, coolly.
froissement
,
m.
rumpling, rustling.
frôlement
,
m.
rustling.
frôler
,
v.
to graze, brush.
froncer
,
v.
to wrinkle, contract, pucker, knit;
-- les sourcils
, frown, scowl.
front
,
m.
forehead, brow, face, effrontery, impudence, "nerve."
frontière
,
f.
frontier.
fronton
,
m.
pediment.
frottement
,
m.
rubbing, scratching, scraping.
fruit
,
m.
fruit, advantage, result.
fugitif, -ive
,
adj. and s.
fugitive.
fuir
,
v.
to flee, flee from.
fuite
,
f.
flight.
fumée
,
f.
smoke.
fumer
,
v.
to smoke.
fumet
,
m.
savor, aroma.
fumier
,
m.
dung-heap, manure.
funèbre
,
adj.
funeral, mournful.
funérailles
,
f. pl.
funeral.
funeste
,
adj.
fatal, baneful, disastrous, gloomy.
furet
,
m.
ferret.
fureter
,
v.
to ferret, rummage, pry.
fureur
,
f.
fury.
furibond, -e
,
adj.
furious, raging.
furie
,
f.
fury;
en --
, raging.
furieux, -euse
,
adj. and s.
furious, mad, madman.
fuselê, -e
,
adj.
spindle-shaped, slender.
fusil
,
m.
gun.
fusillade
,
f.
fusillade, discharge of musketry.
fusiller
,
v.
to shoot.
futaille
,
f.
cask, barrel.
futaine
,
f.
fustian (cloth).
fûté, -e
,
adj.
cunning, sly, crafty, smart.
futur, -e
,
adj.
future.
fuyard
,
m.
fugitive, deserter.
G
gâcher
,
v.
to make a mess of, spoil.
gage
,
m.
pledge, security;
pl.
wages;
mettre en --
, to pawn.
gager
,
v.
to wager.
gagner
,
v.
to gain, win, gain possession of, reach, earn.
gai, -e
,
adj.
gay, merry.
gaiement
,
adv.
gaily, merrily.
gaieté
,
f.
gaiety, jollity, glee, merriment.
gaillard, -e
,
adj. and s.
jolly, jovial, plucky, brave, jolly fellow, lusty feliow, fellow.
gaillardet, -te
,
adj.
hearty (diminutive formed from
gaillard
in imitation of the Provençal
gaiardet
).
gaillardise
,
f.
jollity, broad joke.
Gaillon
, village in the department of Eure (Normandy), contains a prison (see context).
gain
,
m.
gain, winnings.
gala
,
m.
gala, show, ceremony, full dress.
galant, -e
,
adj.
and s. gallant, courtly, graceful, elegant, suitor, sweetheart.
galerie
,
f.
gallery, corridor.
galérien
,
m.
convict.
galerne
,
f.
west-north-west wind, west-north-west.
galette
,
f.
griddle-cake.
galine
,
see
coq
.
Gallitzin (Caroline -- de Genthod, née Comtesse Walewska
), probably a sister of the
Pole, Alexander Walewski, a soldier, diplomat and statesman in the French service
(1810-1868).
galon
,
m.
stripe.
galop
,
m.
gallop.
galoper
,
v.
to gallop, palpitate.
gambader
,
v.
to gambol, frisk.
gamin, -e
,
m., f.
gamin, brat.
gant
,
m.
glove.
garçon
,
m.
boy, bachelor, fellow, waiter, attendant.
garde
,
f.
guard, watch, nurse;
m.
guardian, guard, keeper;
n'avoir -- de
, to have no intention
to, take care not to, be far from;
prendre --
, take care;
prendre -- à
, pay attention to;
la mer est d'une fameuse --
, the sea guards its own well;
sur ses gardes
, on his guard;
-- nationale
, national guard (militia);
-- national
, militia-man;
chien de --
, watchdog.
garder
,
v.
to guard, keep;
se -- de
, take care not to.
gardeur
,
m.
keeper, cowherd, cowherd's dog.
gardien, -ne
,
adj. and s.
guardian, guard, keeper.
gare
,
interj.
lookout!;
-- donc!
, come!, look out!
gargariser
,
v.
to gargle;
je m'en gargarise
, I am enjoying it.
garnir
,
v.
to furnish, fit out, cover, adorn, fill, trim, be scattered over;
se --
, be trimmed,
be filled.
garnison
,
f.
garrison.
garniture
,
f.
trimming.
garrotter
,
v.
to bind firmly.
gars
,
m.
young fellow, stripling, fellow, boy (pronounced:
gar or ga
).
gaspiller
,
v.
to waste, squander.
gâteau
,
m.
cake.
gâter
,
v.
to spoil.
gauche
,
adj.
left, awkward;
f.
left band.
gaudriole
,
f.
broadjoke.
gaufrer
,
v.
to gaffer, plaît, flute.
gaulois, -e
,
adj.
Gallic.
gaz
,
m.
gas (
z
pronounced).
gaze
,
f.
gauze.
gazelle
,
f.
gazelle.
gazette
,
f.
newspaper.
gazon
,
m.
sward, grass.
géant, -e
,
adj. and s.
gigantic, giant.
gelée
,
f.
frost.
geler
,
v.
to freeze.
gémir
,
v.
to groan, moan.
gémissement
,
m.
groan, wail.
gendarme
,
m.
gendarme, military police officer.
gendarmerie
,
f.
military police.
gendre
,
m.
son-in-law.
gêne
,
f.
uneasiness, embarrassment, constraint, hesitation.
gêner
,
v.
to embarrass, trouble, be in the way of, inconvenience.
général, -e
,
adj. and m.
general.
génération
,
f.
generation.
générosité
,
f.
generosity.
génie
,
m.
genius, spirit.
genou
,
m.
knee.
genre
,
m.
kind, sort, form.
gens
,
m. pl.
(preceding adjective takes feminine form) people;
jeunes --
, young men, young people;
ses --
, his servants.
gentil, -le
,
adj.
nice.
gentilhomme
,
m.
nobleman, gentleman (
l
pronounced as
y
).
gerbe
,
f.
sheaf, cluster.
gerbier
,
m.
stack, mow.
germe
,
m.
germ.
germain, -e
,
adj.
german, first;
cousin issu de --
, first cousin once removed.
Gertrude
, Gertrude.
gésir
,
v.
to lie.
geste
,
m.
gesture.
gesticuler
,
v.
to gesticulate.
ghazel
,
m.
gazel (Persian love poem).
giaour
,
m.
giaour (Turkish name for all non-Mohammedans).
gibet
,
m.
gibbet, gallows.
gibier
,
m.
game.
gigantesque
,
adj.
gigantic.
gilet
,
m.
waistcoat.
Giseh
, Gizeh (Egyptian city and province on the Nile).
gîte
,
m.
abode, shelter, resting-place.
glace
,
f.
ice, plate-glass, mirror.
glacer
,
v.
to ice, freeze, chill;
glacé, -e
, iced, icy, frozen.
glacial, -e
,
adj.
glacial, icy.
gland
,
m.
acorn, tassel.
glaner
,
v.
to glean.
glaneur, -euse
,
m., f.
gleaner.
glissade
,
f.
slide;
faire une --
, to slide.
glisser
,
v.
to slide, slip, glide, be slippery;
se --
, slip, glide;
-- sur
, slip on, slip or glide, slip
off;
glissant, -e
,
adj.
slippery.
gloire
,
f.
glory;
faire -- de
, to glory in.
glorieux, -euse
,
adj.
glorious, vainglorious, proud.
glouglou
,
m.
gurgling.
glousser
,
v.
to cluck.
Godeau
, name of a family in Croisilles;
Antoine --
was a bishop and poet of the 17th century.
Godefroy
, Godfrey;
-- de Bouillon
, duke and leader of the first crusade and first King of
Jerusalem (1058-1100).
goguenard, -e
,
adj.
bantering, jeering, scoffing.
golfe
,
m.
gulf.
gond
,
m.
hinge (of a blind or door).
gonfler
,
v.
to swell, swell out, put! out, fill;
gonflé, -e
, swollen.
gorge
,
f.
throat, gorge.
gorgée
,
f.
swallow.
gorger
,
v.
to gorge.
gorille
,
m.
gorilla.
gosse
,
m., f.
small child, "kid" (familiar).
goudronner
,
v.
to tar.
gouffre
,
m.
gulf, abyss.
goule
,
f.
ghoul.
gourdin
,
m.
cudgel, club.
gousset
,
m.
gusset, watch-pocket (in trousers), waist-coat pocket.
goût
,
m.
taste.
goûter
,
v.
to taste, relish.
goutte
,
f.
drop, gout.
gouttelette
,
f.
little drop.
goutteux, -euse
,
adj.
gouty.
gouttière
,
f.
gutter.
gouvernail
,
m.
rudder, helm.
gouvernante
,
f.
governess.
gouverner
,
v.
to govern.
grâce
,
f.
grace, charm, favor, pardon, mercy;
-- à
, thanks to.
gracieux, -euse
,
adj.
gracious, graceful.
grade
,
m.
grade, rank.
grain
,
m.
grain, squall.
graine
,
f.
seed, germ.
graisse
,
f.
grease, fat.
grammaire
,
f.
grammar.
grand, -e
,
adj. and s.
great, grand, tall, large, big, chief, full, wide (open), open (air), long
(step), high (wind, officer, etc.);
au -- trot
, at a fast trot;
grande toilette
, full evening dress;
grand'peine
, great difficulty;
grand'chose
, much.
grandement
,
adv.
greatly, highly.
grandeur
,
f.
greatness, height, size, grandeur.
grandiose
,
adj.
grand, majestic.
grandir
,
v.
to grow tall, grow up, grow, make tall or great, enlarge, increase.
grand'mère
,
f.
grandmother.
grand-père
,
m.
grandfather.
grange
,
f.
barn.
granit
,
m.
granite.
granitique
,
adj.
granite.
Grapasi
, proper name suggesting grappiller, to pilfer.
grappe
,
f.
cluster, bunch.
gras, -se
,
adj. and s.
fat, greasy, rich, luxuriant, thick or guttural (speech).
grassouillet, -te
,
adj.
plump.
gratification
,
f.
gratuity, reward.
gratter
,
v.
to scratch, scrape.
grave
,
adj.
grave.
gravement
,
adv.
gravely.
gravir
,
v.
to climb, clamber up, ascend.
gravité
,
f.
gravity, seriousness.
gré
,
m.
will, pleasure, liking.
grec, grecque
,
adj. and s.
Greek (written
Grec
when
s.
).
Grèce
,
f.
Greece.
Grédel
, Margery, Maggie (German,
cf. Grete
for
Margarete
).
gredin
,
m.
rascal, scoundrel.
greffier
,
m.
clerk (of the court).
grêle
,
adj.
slender, shrill.
grelotter
,
v.
to shiver.
grenade
,
f.
pomegranate, grenade.
grenadier
,
m.
grenadier.
grenier
,
m.
loft, garret, attic.
grenouille
,
f.
frog (
ou
and
i
should both be pronounced distinctly,
ou
is not a semi-vowel as
in
louis
).
grès
,
m.
sandstone.
grésil
,
m.
sleet.
grésiller
,
v.
to shrivel, shrink, crackle, tingle.
grève
,
f.
strand, beach, strike
grièvement
,
adv.
grievously, gravely, seriously.
griffe
,
f.
claw.
gril
,
m.
grid-iron.
griller
,
v.
to broil, roast.
grimace
,
f.
grimace, grin, wry or forbidding face;
faire la --
, to make a (wry) face.
grimacer
,
v.
to make wry faces, grin.
grimper
,
v.
to climb.
grincement
,
m.
gnashing, grinding.
grincer
,
v.
to grind, gnash, grate.
grippe
,
f.
whim, caprice;
prendre en --
, to take a dislike to.
grippe-sou
,
m. and adj.
skin-flint, miser, stingy.
gris, -e
,
adj. and s.
gray, tipsy;
en voir de grises
, to have a hot time.
grisâtre
,
adj.
grayish.
griser
,
v.
to make tipsy, intoxicate;
se --
, get drunk.
grisette
,
f.
grisette (coquettish working girl or shop-girl).
grive
,
f.
thrush.
grogner
,
v.
to grumble, grunt, growl.
gronder
,
v.
to scold, rumble, roar.
groom
,
m.
groom.
gros, grosse
,
adj. and s.
big, thick, stout, heavy, rough, coarse, fat man, bulk, mass, main
body;
en --
, wholesale, in a general way;
-- temps
, stormy weather;
-- mot
, coarse word;
le coeur --
, sick at heart.
grossier, -ère
,
adj.
coarse, gross, rude, rough, low.
grossièreté
,
f.
coarseness, rudeness, vulgar remark.
grossir
,
v
to enlarge, swell, magnify, grow, increase.
grotesque
,
adj.
grotesque.
grotte
,
f.
grotto.
grouiller
,
v.
to swarm, crawl.
groupe
,
m.
group.
grouper
,
v.
to group.
Guérande
, small town in the department of Loire-Inférieure.
guère
,
adv.
scarcely;
ne ... --
, scarcely.
guerre
,
f.
war.
guerrier, -ère
,
adj. and s.
of war, warlike, warrior.
guet
,
m.
watch;
faire le --
, to be on the lookout.
guetter
,
v.
to watch, watch for.
gueule
,
f.
mouth (of animals), jaws, chops.
gueusard
,
m.
rascal.
gueux, -euse
,
adj. and s.
beggarly, poor, beggar, scoundrel.
guide
,
m.
guide.
guider
,
v.
to guide, steer.
guigne
,
f.
white-heart cherry.
guignon
,
m.
bad luck.
Guillaume
, William.
Guillemet
, Willie (a child's name, diminutive of Guillaume).
guinder
,
v.
to hoist, strain;
guindé, -e
, stiff, unnatural.
guirlande
,
f.
garland, wreath.
guise
,
f.
manner, way;
en -- de
, as a.
Gulistan
,
m.
Garden of Roses (name of a moralizing poem by Sadi, a Persian poet of the
13th century).
guttural, -e
,
adj.
guttural.
guzla
,
f.
guzla (Croatian violin with one string).
gymnastique
,
adj.
gymnastic;
pas --
, double-quick, run, trot.
H
('h=aspirate h)
habile
,
adj.
clever, skilful.
habilement
,
adv.
cleverly, skilfully.
habiller
,
v.
to dress.
habit
,
m.
coat, dress-coat;
pl.
clothes.
habitant
,
m.
inhabitant.
habitation
,
f.
habitation, dwelling, house.
habiter
,
v.
to live in, dwell.
habitude
,
f.
habit;
d'--
, usual, usually.
habitué
,
m.
frequenter, regular customer.
habituel, -le
,
adj.
habitual.
habituellement
,
adv.
habitually.
habituer
,
v.
to accustom.
'hache
,
f.
ax.
'hagard, -e
,
adj.
haggard.
'haïck
,
m.
haïk (piece of cloth used as an outer garment by the Arabs).
'haillon
,
m.
rag, tatter.
'haine
,
f.
hatred, hate.
'hair
,
v.
to hate.
haleine
,
f.
breath.
'haleter
,
v.
to pant.
'haleur
,
m.
hallier (person who draws a boat upon entering a port, etc.).
'halle
,
f.
market; les Halles, the large Central Market in Paris.
hallucination
,
f.
hallucination.
'halte
,
f.
halt;
faire --
, to halt.
'hameau
,
m.
hamlet.
'hanche
,
f.
hip.
'hanter
,
v.
to haunt.
'happer
,
v.
to snatch (with the mouth).
'harasser
,
v.
to harass, jade, tire out.
'hardes
,
f. pl.
clothes.
'hardi, -e
,
adj.
bold.
'hardiesse
,
f.
boldness.
'hardiment
,
adv.
boldly.
harmonie
,
f.
harmony.
harmonier
,
v.
to harmonize (obsolescent, more usually:
harmoniser
).
'harpe
,
f.
harp.
'harpiste
,
m., f.
harpist.
'hasard
,
m.
hazard, chance, fortune, risk, danger;
au --
, at random.
'hasarder
,
v.
to risk;
se --
, risk oneself, dare;
-- un oeil
, risk exposing an eye.
Hassan
, grandson of Mohammed and a favorite Mohammedan name, also a mosque in
Cairo containing Hassan's relics.
'hâte
,
f.
haste, hurry;
à la --
, in haste.
'hâter
,
v.
to hasten, hurry;
se --
, hasten, hurry.
'hausse
,
f.
rise.
'hausser
,
v.
to lift, shrug.
'haut, -e
,
adj., adv. and m.
high, tall, loud, important, aloud, loudly, raised, top;
en --
, upstairs,
above, in the upper part;
en -- de
, on (at the) top of;
là- --
, up there;
tout --
, aloud;
la haute
,
society people (slang);
-- de cinquante pieds
, fifty feet high;
le -- poisson
, fine or highly
esteemed fish.
'hauteur
,
f.
height;
à la -- de
, at the height of, opposite, even with.
'hâve
,
adj.
wan, emaciated.
'havre
,
m.
haven, harbor.
'Havre (le)
, city and important port at the mouth of the Seine.
'hé
,
interj.
ho!, oh!, hello!
'Heidelberg
, city with a noted university and castle on the Neckar, in Baden.
'hein
,
interj.
hey, what?
'Heinrich
, Henry (German).
hélas
,
interj.
alas! (
s
pronounced).
'héler
,
v.
to hail, call.
hélice
,
f.
screw, propeller.
hémorragie
,
f.
hemorrhage.
Henri IV
, Henry IV, the popular French King, reigned: 1589-1610.
herbe
,
f.
grass, herb.
hercule
,
m.
Hercules, strong man.
herculéen, -enne
,
adj.
Herculean (
en
pronounced as in
bien
).
héréditaire
,
adj.
hereditary.
'hérisser
,
v.
to bristle, make stand up, erect;
hérissé, -e
,
adj.
bristling.
héritage
,
m.
heritage, patrimony.
hériter
,
v.
to inherit.
héritier, -ère
,
m., f.
heir, heiress.
héroïque
,
adj.
heroic.
'héron
,
m.
heron.
'héros
,
m.
hero.
'herse
,
f.
harrow.
hésitation
,
f.
hesitation.
hésiter
,
v.
to hesitate.
hétairiste
,
m.
hetoerist, member of the hetoeria (Greek secret league at the time of the war
for Greek independence).
'hêtre
,
m.
beech-tree.
heure
,
f.
hour, o'clock, time;
de bonne --
, early;
tout à l'--
, in a little while, in a moment, just
now, a moment ago;
à cette --
, now (colloquial).
heureusement
,
adv.
happily, fortunately.
heureux, -euse
,
adj. and s.
happy, fortunate, happy person.
'heurter
,
v.
to strike against, knock.
'hideusement
,
adv.
hideously.
'hideux, -euse
,
adj.
hideous.
hier
,
adv.
yesterday;
arriver d'--
, to arrive yesterday.
'hiérarchie
,
f.
hierarchy.
hiéroglyphe
,
m. and adj.
hieroglyph, hieroglyphic.
'hilfe
,
f.
help (German).
hippogriffe
,
m.
hippogriff (half horse, half griffin, a fabulous steed of the romances of chivalry).
hippopotame
,
m.
hippopotamus.
hirondelle
,
f.
swallow.
histoire
,
f.
history, story;
-- de rire
, just to laugh (slang).
historique
,
adj.
historical, historic.
hiver
,
m.
winter.
'hocher
,
v.
to shake.
'hochet
,
m.
rattle.
'homard
,
m.
lobster.
hommage
,
m.
homage, respects;
-- et souvenir de l'auteur
, with the kind regards
and remembrances of the author.
homme
,
m.
man; familiarly: husband.
'Honeck (le)
,
m.
the Hohneck (one of the Vosges mountains west of Colmar).
Honfleur
, village at the mouth of the Seine, opposite le Havre.
honnête
,
adj.
honest, honorable, decent, respectable.
honneur
,
m.
honor;
faire -- à
, to honor.
honorable
,
adj.
honorable.
'honte
,
f.
shame;
avoir --
, to be ashamed;
fausse --
, bashfulness.
'honteux, -euse
,
adj.
ashamed, shameful, bashful.
hôpital
,
m.
hospital (usually for the poor).
'hoquet
,
m.
hiccough.
horizon
,
m.
horizon.
horloge
,
f.
clock.
honnis
,
prep.
except, save.
horreur
,
f.
horror;
quelle --
, how horrible;
avoir -- de
, to abhor.
horrible
,
adj.
horrible.
horriblement
,
adv.
horribly.
'hors (de)
,
prep.
out of;
-- de lui
, beside himself;
-- de combat
, disabled;
les yeux -- de la tête
, the eyes popping out of the head.
hostie
,
f.
consecrated wafer, host.
hostilité
,
f.
hostility.
hôte
,
m.
host, guest; hôtesse, f. hostess.
hôtel
,
m.
hotel, mansion, large private house.
'houri
,
f.
houri (woman of the Mohammedan paradise).
'hourra
,
m.
hurrah, cheer.
'huche
,
f.
trough, bin.
huile
,
f.
oil.
huiler
,
v.
to oil.
huis
,
m.
door (now little used).
'huit
,
card.
eight;
-- jours
, a week.
huitre
,
f.
oyster.
humain
, -e,
adj.
human.
humanité
,
f.
humanity.
humble
,
adj.
humble.
humblement
,
adv.
humbly.
humeur
,
f.
disposition, ill humor, humor.
humide
,
adj.
humid, damp, moist.
'huppe
,
f.
topknot, tuft.
'hurlement
,
m.
howl, howling, shriek, roar.
'hurler
,
v.
to howl.
'hurrah
,
interj. and m.
hurrah!, cheer.
'hussard
,
m.
hussar (light cavalryman).
hygiénique
,
adj.
hygienic.
hypocrite
,
adj. and s.
hypocritical, hypocrite.
hystérique
,
adj.
hysterical.
I
Ibnn-Ben-Omaz
, a peculiar name, possibly due to Gautier; Ibn is the Arabic name for son,
Ben is Hebrew for son.
ici
,
adv.
here;
par --
, this way;
-- -même
, in this very place;
-- -bas
, here below.
idée
,
f.
idea.
idiot, -e
,
adj. and s.
idiotic, idiot.
idole
,
f.
idol.
Iéna
, Jena (town in Saxe Weimar, scelle of the battle (1806) in which Napoleon defeated
the Prussians).
if
,
m.
yew-tree.
ignorer
,
v.
to be ignorant of, not to know;
ignorant, -e
, ignorant.
il, ils
,
conj. pr.
he, it, there, they.
ile
,
f.
island.
illimité, -e
,
adj.
unlimited, unbounded, measureless.
illuminer
,
v.
to illuminate, light up;
s'--
, light up, be illuminated.
illusion
,
f.
illusion.
illustre
,
adj.
illustrious.
illustrer
,
v.
to illustrate, make illustrious.
îlot
,
m
. small island.
image
,
f.
image, likeness, picture.
imagination
,
f.
imagination.
imaginer
,
v.
to imagine;
s'--
, imagine.
imbécile
,
adj. and s.
foolish, silly, imbecile.
imberbe
,
adj.
beardless.
imiter
,
v.
to imitate.
immédiat, -e
,
adj.
immediate.
immédiatement
,
adv.
immediately.
immense
,
adj.
immense.
immensité
,
f.
immensity, vast stretch.
immobile
,
adj.
quiet, motionless.
immobiliser
,
v.
to render immovable, stop, paralyze.
immobilité
,
f.
immobility.
immodéré, -e
,
adj.
immoderate, excessive.
immortel, -le
,
adj.
immortal;
f.
everlasting (plant).
impartial, -e
,
adj.
impartial (
ti
pronouncedas
ci
).
impassible
,
adj.
impassible, unmoved.
impassibilité
,
f.
impassibility.
impatience
,
f.
impatience (
ti
in this and the next two words is pronounced as
ci
).
impatient, -e
,
adj.
impatient.
impatienter
,
v.
to put out of patience, provoke.
impénétrable
,
adj.
impenetrable, inscrutable.
imperceptible
,
adj.
imperceptible.
impérieux, -euse
,
adj.
imperious, pressing, domineering.
impertinent, -e
,
adj. and s.
impertinent, impertinent fellow.
impétuosité
,
f.
impetuosity.
impitoyablement
,
adv.
pitilessly.
importance
,
f.
importance.
importer
,
v.
to matter;
n'importe
, no matter;
qu'importe?
, what does it matter?;
n'importe quoi
, anything whatsoever;
n'importe qui
, anyone.
imposer
,
v.
to impose.
impossible
,
adj.
impossible.
imposteur
,
m.
impostor.
impôt
,
m.
tax, toll.
impression
f.
impression
impressionner
,
v.
to impress, make an impression upon.
imprévu, -e
,
adj.
unforeseen, unexpected.
imprimer
,
v.
to impress, press upon, print.
improviser
,
v.
to improvise.
imprudemment
,
adv.
imprudently (
em
pronounced as
am
).
impuissance
,
f.
impotency.
impuissant, -e
,
adj.
impotent.
impulsion
,
f.
impulse, impetus.
imputer
,
v.
to impute.
inabordable
,
adj.
inaccessible.
inaltérable
,
adj.
unalterable, unchangeable.
inamovible
,
adj.
irremovable (from office).
inattendu, -e
,
adj.
unexpected.
incapable
,
adj.
incapable.
incarnadin, -e
,
adj.
flesh-colored, pink.
incarnation
,
f.
incarnation.
incendie
,
m.
fire, conflagration.
incertain, -e
,
adj.
uncertain.
incertitude
,
f.
uncertainty.
incessamment
,
adv.
incessantly, directly.
incisif, -ive
,
adj.
incisive.
incisive
,
f.
incisor.
incliner
,
v.
to incline, tilt;
s'--
, bow, lean.
incommodé, -e
,
adj.
indisposed.
inconcevable
,
adj.
inconceivable.
inconnu, -e
,
adj. and s.
unknown, strange, stranger.
inconsolable
,
adj.
inconsolable.
incontestable
,
adj.
incontestable.
incontesté, -e
,
adj.
uncontested.
incontinent, -e
,
adj.
incontinent, intact;
adv.
at once.
inconvenance
,
f.
impropriety, improper remark.
incorporer
,
v.
to incorporate, take in.
incrédule
,
adj.
incredulous.
incroyable
,
adj.
incredible.
incruster
,
v.
to incrust, inlay;
incrusté, -e
, incrusted, fast.
indécence
,
f.
indecency, immodesty.
indépendamment
,
adv.
independently.
Inde
,
f.
India;
Indes
,
f. pl.
Indies, India.
index
,
m.
index, forefinger.
indice
,
f.
indication, probable evidence.
indicible
,
adj.
unspeakable, unutterable.
indienne
,
f.
calico.
indifférence
,
f.
indifference.
indifférent, -e
,
adj. and s.
indifferent, of no difference or importance, indifferent person,
person of no concern.
indigestion
,
f.
indigestion.
indignation
,
f.
indignation.
indigner
,
v.
to make indignant;
indigné, -e
, indignant.
indiquer
,
v.
to indicate.
indiscret, -ète
,
adj.
indiscreet.
indiscrétion
,
f.
indiscretion.
indispensable
,
adj.
indispensable.
individu
,
m.
individual.
industrie
,
f.
industry, trade.
inébranlable
,
adj.
unshakable, immovable.
ineffable
,
adj.
ineffable, unutterable.
inégal, -e
,
adj.
unequal, irregular.
inerte
,
adj.
inert.
inexplicable
,
adj.
inexplicable, unaccountable.
inexprimable
,
adj.
inexpressible, unutterable.
inextinguible
,
adj.
inextinguishable.
infaillible
,
adj.
infallible.
infanterie
,
f.
infantry.
infatigable
,
adj.
indefatigable.
inférieur, -e
,
adj.
inferior, lower.
infernal, -e
,
adj.
infernal.
infini, -e
,
adj. and m.
infinite, infinity.
infiniment
,
adv.
infinitely.
infinité
,
f.
infinite number.
infirme
,
adj. and s.
infirm, weak, infirm person, cripple.
inflexible
,
adj.
inflexible.
infliger
,
v.
to inflict.
influence
,
f.
influence.
informer
,
v.
to inform;
s'--
, inquire.
infortuné, -e
,
adj. and s.
unfortunate, unfortunate person.
infranchissable
,
adj.
insuperable, impassable.
ingénier (s')
,
v.
to strive, tax one's ingenuity.
ingénieur
,
m.
engineer.
ingénu, -e
,
adj.
ingenuous, artless;
ingénue
,
f.
ingenuous young girl.
ingrat, -e
,
adj. and s.
ungrateful, ingrate.
inintelligible
,
adj.
unintelligible.
injure
,
f.
insult, wrong.
injustice
,
f.
injustice.
innocent, -e
,
adj.
innocent.
innombrable
,
adj.
innumerable.
inoccupé, -e
,
adj.
unoccupied.
inoffensif, -ive
,
adj.
inoffensive.
inondation
,
f.
inundation, flood.
inonder
,
v.
to flood.
inouï, -e
,
adj.
unheard of.
inquiet, -ète
,
adj.
anxious, uneasy, restless.
inquiéter
,
v.
to disturb, worry;
s'--
, be disturbed, be uneasy, fret.
inquiétude
,
f.
disquietude, restlessness, anxiety.
inquisiteur, -trice
,
adj.
inquisitive, searching.
insatiabfe
,
adj.
insatiable.(
t
pronounced as
c
).
inscription
,
f.
inscription.
insensible
,
adj.
without feeling, indifferent, insensible.
insensiblement
,
adv.
insensibly.
insignifiant, -e
,
adj.
insignificant.
insister
,
v.
to insist.
insolent, -e
,
adj.
insolent.
insouciance
,
f.
unconcern, carelessness.
insouciant, -e
,
adj.
careless, heedless.
insoucieux, -euse
,
adj.
thoughtless, unthinking.
inspecter
,
v.
to inspect.
inspirer
,
v.
to inspire, instil.
installer
,
v.
to install.
instant
,
m.
instant;
pour l'--
, for the time being;
il m'arrive à l'--
, it has just come to me this
instant.
instinct
,
m.
instinct (
ct
not pronounced).
instinctif, -ive
,
adj.
instinctive.
instinctivement
,
adv.
instinctively.
instruction
,
f.
instruction;
juge d'--
, examining magistrate.
instrument
,
m.
instrument, tool.
insuccès
,
m.
failure.
insupportable
,
adj.
insupportable.
insurrection
,
f.
insurrection.
intact, -e
,
adj.
intact, untouched (
ct
pronounced).
intelligence
,
f.
intelligence.
intelligent, -e
,
adj.
intelligent.
intention
,
f.
intention, purpose.
interdire
,
v.
to interdict, forbid, prohibit, dumbfound, amaze.
intéresser
,
v.
to interest;
intéressê, -e
, adj. interested, for gain;
intéressant, -e
, interesting;
cela vous intéresse?
, is that any business of yours?
intérêt
,
m.
interest.
intérieur, -e
,
adj. and m.
interior, inside, mental.
intérieurement
,
adv.
internally, mentally, in or on the inside.
interminable
,
adj.
interminable.
interpréter
,
v.
to interpret.
interrogation
,
f.
interrogation, questioning.
interrogatoire
,
m.
questioning, examination.
interroger
,
v.
to interrogate, question.
interrompre
,
v.
to interrupt;
s'--
, interrupt oneself, stop.
interruption
,
f.
interruption.
interstice
,
m.
interstice, opening, crevice.
intervalle
,
m.
interval, space.
intime
,
adj.
intimate.
intimider
,
v.
to intimidate.
intonation
,
f.
intonation.
intrépide
,
adj.
intrepid, dauntless, fearless.
intrigant
,
m.
intriguer.
intriguer
,
v.
to puzzle, perplex.
introduire
,
v.
to introduce, put or show in;
s'--
, introduce oneself, get in.
inusité, -e
,
adj.
unused, unaccustomed.
inutile
,
adj.
useless, needless.
invariablement
,
adv.
invariably.
invasion
,
f.
invasion.
inventer
,
v.
to invent.
invention
,
f.
invention.
investigation
,
f.
investigation.
invincible
,
adj.
invincible, uncontrollable.
invitation
,
f.
invitation.
inviter
,
v.
to invite;
invité, -e
,
m., f.
guest.
involontaire
,
adj.
involuntary.
invoquer
,
v.
to invoke.
invraisemblable
,
adj.
improbable, unlikely (
s
pronounced as in
sembler
).
iraigne
, dialectic for
araignée
.
Iran
,
m.
Iran (Persia, also the surrounding countries of the great Asiatic plateau).
ironie
,
f.
irony.
ironique
,
adj.
ironical.
irrécusable
,
adj.
unexceptionable, unobjectionable.
irrégulier, -ère
,
adj.
irregular.
irréprochable
,
adj.
irreproachable.
irrésistiblement
,
adv.
irresistibly.
irresponsable
,
adj.
irresponsible.
irriter
,
v.
to irritate;
s'--
, be irritated, be aroused.
irruption
,
f.
irruption, bursting, inroad.
isoler
,
v.
to isolate;
isolé, -e
, isolated, solitary, detached.
issu, -e
,
adj.
descending, born.
issue
,
f.
issue, escape, exit.
italien, -ne
,
adj. and s.
Italian (written
Italien
when
s.
).
itou
,
adv. and conj.
also (dialectic survival of the Old French
itel
).
ivoire
,
m.
ivory.
ivre
,
adj.
intoxicated, drunk.
ivrogne
,
m.
drunkard.
J
j'
,
see
je
.
jabot
,
m.
frill.
Jacobite
,
m.
Jacobite.
Jacquerie (la)
, name given to the uprising of the French peasants against the nobles in 1358.
Jacques
, James.
Jacquette
,
cf.
Jenny, Janet.
jadis
,
adv.
of old, in former times (
s
pronounced).
jaillir
,
v.
to burst forth or out, gush out, spurt, flash.
jaloux, -ouse
,
adj.
jealous.
jamais
,
adv.
never, ever;
ne ... --
, never.
jambe
,
f.
leg.
jambon
,
m.
ham.
jante
,
f.
rim (of a wheel).
janvier
,
m.
January.
Japon
,
m.
Japan.
japonais, -e
,
adj. and s.
Japanese (written
Japonais
when
s.
).
jaquette
,
f.
jacket.
jardin
,
m.
garden.
jaser
,
v.
to chatter, gossip.
jaspe
,
m.
jasper.
jasper
,
v.
to vein, streak, mottle.
jatte
,
f.
bowl.
jaunâtre
,
adj.
yellowish.
jaune
,
adj. and m.
yellow;
mettre la -- au nid
, to put the yellow hen on the nest.
Javotte
, proper name (usually applied to talkative women).
je
,
conj. pr.
I.
Jean
, John.
Jean-Baptiste
(
p
not pronounced), frequent Christian name (from: John the Baptist).
Jésus
, Jesus;
--!
,
interj.
heavens!, etc. (
s
pronounced).
jet
,
m.
jet.
jetée
,
f.
jetty, pier.
jeter
,
v.
to throw, cast, throw out, cast or give forth, throw down or away, utter;
se --
, throw
oneself, etc., dart;
la langue au chat
, give up guessing.
jettatura
,
f.
bewitching, spell (cast by the eyes, etc.; Italian).
jeu
,
m.
game, gambling, trick, set (of dominoes, etc.), gaming;
-- de mots
, pun.
jeudi
,
m.
Thursday.
jeune
,
adj.
young, junior;
-- fille
, girl.
jeûner
,
v.
to fast.
jeunesse
,
f.
youth.
jeunet, -te
,
adj.
too or very young, youthful.
joie
,
f.
joy.
joindre
,
v.
to join, put together, meet, clasp, add, reach.
joli, -e
,
adj.
pretty, good looking.
joliment
,
adv.
prettily, mighty (familiar in last sense).
Jonquières
, name of several French villages, the one to which Daudet refers is in the
department of Gard, near Beaucaire.
Joseph
, Joseph (see Genesis xxxvii, etc.).
joue
,
f.
cheek.
jouer
,
v.
to play, stake;
se --
, play;
faire --
, start moving, bring into action, call up, move to and
fro;
-- de
, play (a musical instrument);
-- à
, play (a game).
jouet
,
m.
toy, plaything.
joueur
,
m.
player gambler.
jouir
,
v.
to enjoy (object is preceded by
de
).
jouissance
,
f.
enjoyment, pleasure, delight.
joujou
,
m.
toy, plaything.
jour
,
m.
day, daylight, daytime, light, opening;
à --
, open-work;
au -- levant
, at daylight;
faire --
, to be light;
ce n'est pas trop d'un --
, a day is not too much.
journal
,
m.
newspaper.
journée
,
f.
day.
joyeusement
,
adv.
joyfully, gaily.
joyeux, -euse
,
adj.
joyous, merry, cheerful.
juge
,
m.
judge.
juger
,
v.
to judge, consider.
juif, -ive
,
adj. and s.
Jewish, Jew, Jewess.
juin
,
m.
June.
Julie
, Julia.
Julien
, Julian.
jument
,
f.
mare.
jupe
,
f.
skirt.
Jupiter
, the father and master of the Greek and Roman gods;
-- Olympien
, Olympian
Jupiter (famous statue by Phidias at Olympia, called one of the seven marvels of the world).
jupon
,
m.
petticoat.
jurement
,
m.
oath.
jurer
,
v.
to swear.
juron
,
m.
oath.
jusque
,
prep.
to, up to, as far as, until;
jusqu'à
, to, as far as, up to, until, even;
-- là
, till there,
till then;
jusqu'ici
, till now;
jusqu'à ce que
,
conj.
until.
juste
,
adj. and adv.
just, exact, exactly;
au --
, exactly.
justesse
,
f.
accuracy, precision.
justice
,
f.
justice, law, courts;
homme de --
, judge, lawyer, man of law.
justicier
,
m.
justiciary, judge.
K
kandjar
,
m.
long Oriental dagger.
Karl
, Charles (German).
Kasba
,
f.
casbah (citadel and palace of a sovereign in the Barbary States).
Kasper
, Jasper (German).
kilomètre
,
m.
kilometer (5/8 mile).
kiosque
,
m.
kiosque (pavilion).
Kislar-agassi
,
m.
the chief of the Eunuchs in the Imperial Harem (
kîz
= girl or woman, in
Turkish;
lar
is the plural suffix;
agâ
= chief;
si
is the possessive pronoun of the third persan;
kîzlar-agâsi
= chief of the women).
kreutzer
,
m.
kreutzer (German coin = 2/3 cent; pronounced in French:
creutsair
).
L
l'
, used before on for euphony.
l'
,
see
le, la
(
art. or pr.
).
la
,
see
le
.
là
,
adv
. there, here (frequent as affix or suffix, when so used see word to which it is added);
par --
, that way, by there, over that way.
lac
,
m.
lake.
lâche
,
adj.
cowardly.
lâcher
,
v.
to loosen, let out, release, undo, let go.
lâcheté
,
f.
cowardice, cowardly act.
laid, -e
,
adj.
homely, ugly.
laine
,
f.
wool;
de --
, woolen.
laïque
,
adj. and s.
secular, layman;
à la --
, outside the Church, among the laity.
laisse
,
f.
leash.
laisser
,
v.
to let, leave, let alone;
-- -là
, leave alone, drop (an acquaintance, etc.);
il ne laissait pas que de,
he did not fail to.
lait
,
m.
milk;
enfant de --
, nursling.
laiteux, -euse
,
adj.
milky.
lambeau
,
m.
rag, shred;
mettre en lambeaux
, to tear in shreds.
lambris
,
m.
wainscoting, paneling.
lame
,
f.
strip, blade, wave.
lamentable
,
adj.
lamentable, sorrowful.
lampe
,
f.
lamp.
lance
,
f.
lance;
-- à feu
, squib, slow-match.
lancer
,
v.
to dart, throw, hurl, let go, send forth, cast, cast or throw out, start;
-- une casquette
,
introduce (or set the style for) a cap.
lande
,
f.
waste-land, heath.
langage
,
m.
language.
lange
,
m.
piece of cloth (usually for wrapping a new-born child); strip (of cloth),
swaddling-clothes (infrequent in singular).
langue
,
f.
tongue, language.
langueur
,
f.
languor.
lanière
,
f.
thong.
lanterne
,
f.
lantern.
lapin
,
m.
rabbit.
laps
,
m.
lapse, period (
ps
pronounced).
laquais
,
m.
lackey, footman.
lard
,
m.
bacon.
large
,
adj. and m.
broad, wide, sweeping, great, large, width, breadth, open sea;
ouvert tout au --
, wide open.
larme
,
f.
tear;
rire aux larmes
, to laugh till the tears came.
larve
,
f.
larva.
las, -se
,
adj.
weary, tired.
latakié
,
m.
latakia (a fine Turkish tobacco).
latéral, -e
,
adj.
lateral, side.
latin, -e
,
adj. and s.
Latin.
laver
,
v.
to wash.
le, la (l'
, before vowels;
les
,
pl.), def. art.
the;
de la sorte
, in that way.
le, la (les
,
pl.
;
lui, leur,
indirect),
conj. pr.
him, her, it, so, them, to him, to them, etc.
leçon
,
f.
lesson.
lecture
,
f.
reading.
légende
,
f.
legend.
léger, -ère
,
adj.
light (weight), slight, thin.
légèrement
,
adv.
lightly, slightly.
légion
,
f.
legion;
Légion d'honeur
, Legion of Honor (Order established by Napoleon
Bonaparte in 1802 to reward merit).
légitime
,
adj.
legitimate.
légitimement
,
adv.
legitimately.
léguer
,
v.
to bequeath.
légume
,
m.
vegetable.
lendemain
,
m.
following day, next day.
lent, -e
,
adj.
slow.
lentement
,
adv.
slowly.
lenteur
,
f.
slowness;
avec des lenteurs
, slowly, with
hesitation or deliberation.
lequel, laquelle (lesquels, lesquelles
,
pl.), rel. and int. pr.
which, who, which?, who?
les
,
see
le
.
lessive
,
f.
lye, washing;
couler la --
, to soak the clothes in lye, begin to wash.
lestement
,
adv.
quickly, lightly.
lettre
,
f.
letter.
leur
,
conj. pr.
, see
le
;
adj.
their;
le --
, theirs.
Levallois-Perret
, manufacturing suburb northwest of Paris.
levée
,
f.
raising, uprising, breaking up.
lever
,
v.
to raise;
se --
, rise, arise, get up, break (dawn);
m.
rise, rising;
au jour levé (levant)
,
at daybreak;
levé, -e
, up;
au soleil levant
, at sunrise.
lèvre
,
f.
lip;
lèvres en fleur
, full-blown lips (like a rose).
liane
,
f.
bind-weed.
liasse
,
f.
bundle, roll.
liberté
,
f.
liberty.
libraire
,
m.
bookseller, stationer.
libre
,
adj.
free, clear.
lien
,
m.
bond.
lier
,
v.
to bind, tie, tie up;
lié
,
m.
rubber (in games).
lieu
,
m.
place, spot;
avoir --
, to take place, have reason;
au -- de
, instead of;
donner -- à
,
to cause.
lieue
,
f.
league (2~1/2 miles).
lieutenant
,
m.
lieutenant.
lièvre
,
m.
hare.
ligne
,
f.
line, fishing-line.
lilas
,
m.
lilac, lilac-bush.
limpide
,
adj.
limpid, clear.
linge
,
m.
linen, cloth; pl. linen clothes;
-- sale
, dirty linen or clothes;
laver le --
, to wash the
clothes.
lion
,
m.
lion.
liqueur
,
f.
liquor, cordial.
liquide
,
adj. and m.
liquid.
lire
,
v.
to read.
lis
,
m.
lily (s pronounced).
liséré
,
m.
strip.
lisière
,
f.
border, outskirts, selvage, list (cloth), string.
lit
,
m.
bed.
litière
,
f.
litter.
litre
,
m.
liter (about 7/8 of a quart).
littéraire
,
adj.
literary.
littéralement
,
adv.
literally.
littérature
,
f.
literature.
livide
,
adj.
livid.
livre
,
m.
book;
grand --
, great book, ledger.
livre
,
f.
pound, franc.
livrer
,
v.
to deliver, give over;
se -- à
, devote or apply oneself to, give oneself over to;
un combat se livra
, a battle was fought.
livret
,
m.
little book (of identification, etc., used as a passport).
local, -e
,
adj.
local.
locution
,
f.
locution.
lofer
,
v.
to luff (bring the head of a vessel to the wind).
loge
,
f.
lodge, porter's room, box (theater).
loger
,
v.
to lodge, star.
logique
,
adj.
logical.
logis
,
m.
bouse, dwelling, lodge, lodging-house, lodgings.
loi
,
f.
law.
loin
,
adv. and m.
far away, distant, distance;
plus --
, farther;
de --
, afar, at or from a distance;
de -- en --
, from place to place, from time to time.
lointain, -e
,
adj. and m.
distant, far away, distance.
loisir
,
m.
leisure.
long, -ue
,
adj. and m.
long, length;
le -- de
, along;
tout de son --, de tout son --
, his whole
length;
tout le -- de
, the whole;
de -- en large
, to and fro.
longanimité
,
f.
longanimity, forbearance.
Longosardo
, Sardinian village and port at the western entrance of the Strait of Bonifacio.
longtemps
,
adv.
long time, long, for a long time.
longuement
,
adv.
for a long time, lengthily, lingeringly.
longueur
,
f.
length.
loque
,
f.
rag, tatter.
lorgner
,
v.
to squint at, look out of the corner of the eye, ogle, look through opera glasses.
lors
,
adv.
then, that time;
pour --
, then, thereupon;
depuis --
, since then.
lorsque
,
conj.
when.
louable
,
adj.
laudable, praiseworthy.
louage
,
m.
letting, hiring, hire;
de --
, hired, livery, for hire.
louer
,
v.
to praise, rent;
se --
, praise one self, be pleased (with).
louis
,
m.
louis (gold piece=$4).
Louis XIV
, known as Louis le Grand, most famous of the French kings; reigned: 1643-1715.
Louis XV
, King of France; reigned: 1715-1774.
loup
,
m.
wolf;
-- cervier
, lynx, speculator, sharper (especially one who speculates without
principle on government enterprises);
-- de mer
, sea-dog.
lourd, -e
,
adj.
heavy, dull, drowsy, clumsy, burdensome.
lourdement
,
adv.
heavily.
lourdeur
,
f.
heaviness, weight.
louvoyer
,
v.
to tack (of a ship).
loyal, -e
,
adj.
loyal.
lucarne
,
f.
dormer-window.
lubine
,
f.
popular name for the fish called bar, umbrine (usually written lubin or loubin).
Lucien
, Lucian.
Ludwig
= Louis (German).
lueur
,
f.
gleam, light.
lugubre
,
adj.
mournful, lugubrious.
lugubrement
,
adv.
dolefully, lugubriously.
lui
,
conj. pr., see
le
;
disj. pr.
him, it, he, on his part, himself, itself.
lui-même, elle-même (eux-mêmes, elles-mêmes
,
pl.), pr.
himself, herself, itself, etc.
luire
,
v.
to shine.
lumière
,
f.
light;
il faut que la -- se fasse
, it must be cleared up.
lumineux, -euse
,
adj.
luminous.
lundi
,
m.
Monday.
lune
,
f.
moon, moonlight.
lunette
,
f.
telescope;
pl.
spectacles.
Lunéville
, town in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle.
luthier
,
m.
lute-maker, seller of musical instruments.
lutte
,
f.
struggle, wrestling.
luxe
,
m.
luxury.
lys
,
m.
lily (s pronounced; now written lis).
M
M.
, abbreviation for
Monsieur
;
m'
,
see
me
.
ma
,
see
mon
.
mâcher
,
v.
to chew.
machinal, -e
,
adj.
mechanical.
machinalement
,
adv.
mechanically.
mâchoire
,
f.
jaw.
mâchonner
,
v.
to munch, chew.
maçonner
,
v.
to build, wall up;
voûte maçonnée
, vaulted masonry.
madame (mesdames
,
pl.), f.
Mrs., Madam.
Madeleine (la)
,
f.
one of the principal and richest churches in Paris, having the form of a
Greek temple, built between 1764 and 1842.
mademoiselle
,
f.
Miss, young lady.
madrigal
,
m.
madrigal (love poem).
maëstro
,
m.
composer (Italian, = master).
magasin
,
m.
warehouse, store, shop, storehouse.
mage
,
m.
magian, astrologer;
pl.
magi, Wise Men (Bible).
magicien
,
m.
magician, wizard.
magique
,
adj.
magic.
magistrat
,
m.
magistrate.
magistrature
,
f.
magistracy;
-- assise
, judicial magistracy.
magnanime
,
adj.
magnanimous, high-minded.
magnétique
,
adj.
magnetic.
magnétiser
,
v.
to magnetize.
magnificence
,
f.
magnificence, splendor.
magnifique
,
adj.
magnificent.
Mahnoud-Ben-Ahmed
, Mahmud-Ben-Ahmed (the first and last names have been borne
by several Sultans of Turkey; Ben is the Hebrew word for son, it is not Arahic).
Mahomet
, Mohammed (founder of the Mohammedan religion, born in Mecca c. 571, died
in 632).
mai
,
m.
May.
maigre
,
adj. and s.
thin, scanty, meager, thin person.
maigreur
,
f.
thinness.
maigrir
,
v.
to grow thin.
maille
,
f.
mesh, aperture.
main
,
f.
hand;
mettre la -- sur
, to lay hold of.
maint, -e
,
adj.
many, many a.
maintenant
,
adv.
now.
maintenir
,
v.
to maintain, keep, hold.
maire
,
m.
mayor.
mais
,
conj.
but;
-- si
, why yes;
-- non
, why no, no indeed, no I tell you.
maison
,
f.
house, household;
-- de ville
, town-hall.
maître
,
m.
master, teacher, Squire or Mr. (title);
-- d'hôtel
, head-waiter, butler.
maîtresse
,
f.
mistress, sweetheart.
majesté
,
f.
majesty.
majestueusement
,
adv.
majestically.
majestueux, -euse
,
adj.
majestic.
major
,
m.
major.
majuscule
,
adj. and f.
capital.
mal, -e
,
adj.
(used only in a few phrases), bad, evil; male rage (also written as one word),
rage, fury.
mal
,
adv. and m.
evil, wrong, ill, in a bad way, sore, badly, poorly, indistinctly, harm, trouble,
damage, malady;
faire -- à
, to hurt;
-- noir
, gangrene; (familiarly used as
adj.
) bad, ill;
faire -- à la tête
, to give a headache.
malade
,
adj. and s.
ill, sick, sick man, patient.
maladie
,
f.
malady, illness.
maladif, ~ive
,
adj.
sickly, unhealthy.
mâle
,
adj. and m.
male, man.
Malesherbes (Boulevard)
, handsome street in the north-western section of Paris,
named after the minister of Louis XVI, who was beheaded in the French Revolution (h not
pronounced).
malgré
,
prep.
in spite of.
malheur
,
m.
misfortune, accident, bad luck, unhappiness.
malheureusement
,
adv.
unfortunately.
malheureux, -euse
,
adj. and s.
unhappy, wretched, unfortunate, unlucky, wretch, unfortunate
person.
malicieux, -euse
,
adj.
mischievous, roguish, malicious.
malin, -igne
,
adj. and s.
cunning, sly, shrewd, cunning person, rogue.
Maloisel
, proper name;
oisel
in Old French =
oiseau
.
Maloison
, proper name,
cf.
oison,
m.
gosling.
malpropre
,
adj.
dirty, unclean.
maltraiter
,
v.
to maltreat, use roughly.
maman
,
f.
mama.
mamelle
,
f.
breast, teat, udder.
manche
,
f.
sleeve;
la Manche
, the English Channel;
m.
handle.
manchot, -e
,
adj. and s.
one-armed, one-armed person.
manège
,
m.
horsemanship, riding-school, riding-grounds.
mangeaille
,
f.
victuals.
manger
,
v.
to eat, eat up;
apporter à --
, bring something to eat.
mangeur
,
m.
eater.
manie
,
f.
mania, fancy.
maniement
,
m.
handling.
manière
,
f.
manner;
pl.
manners.
manivelle
,
f.
crank, handle.
manifester
,
v.
to manifest, make known, show.
manne
,
f.
manna, hamper.
mannequin
,
m.
manikin, dummy, man of straw.
manoeuvrer
,
v.
to manoeuver, perform evolutions, drill, move.
manque
,
m.
lack, want.
manquer
,
v.
to be lacking, be missing, lack, miss, come near, fail;
il n'y manquait pas
, he
did not fail to do it.
mansarde
,
f.
attic, garret, garret-window, Mansard window or roof.
manteau
,
m.
mantle, cloak.
maquignon
,
m.
horse dealer, jockey.
maquis
,
m.
thicket (in Corsica).
marais
,
m.
marsh, swamp.
Marais
,
m.
quarter in Paris, north of the Hôtel de Ville, more usually called the Temple.
maraudeur
,
m.
marauder.
marbre
,
m.
marble.
marchand, -e
,
m., f.
merchant, peddler.
marchandise
,
f.
(also
pl.
) merchandise, wares, goods.
marche
,
f.
march, walk, walking, pace, gait, step, progress, move, moving, motion;
marches perdues
, superfluous steps (that lead to nothing).
marché
,
m.
market, market-place, bargain, bargaining;
à bon --
, cheap, cheaply;
par-dessus le --
, into the bargain.
marcher
,
v.
to march, go on, walk, go, proceed.
mardi
,
m.
Tuesday.
mare
,
f.
pool.
marécage
,
m.
marsh, bog, swamp.
maréchal
,
m.
marshal, blacksmith.
mari
,
m.
husband.
mariage
,
m.
marriage.
Marie
, Mary.
marier
,
v.
to marry, marry off, blend;
se --
, get married;
se -- avec
, marry;
marié avec
,
married to;
marié
,
m.
bridegroom.
Marignan
, Melegnano (Italian town near Milan, where the French defeated the Swiss in 1515).
marin, -e
,
adj. and m.
marine, of the sea, sailor.
marine
,
f.
marine, navy, shipping;
officier de --
, naval officer.
maritime
,
adj.
maritime.
marmaille
,
f.
brats.
marmite
,
f.
pot.
marmot
,
m.
brat, little boy.
marmotter
,
v.
to mutter, mumble.
marque
,
f.
mark, track, token.
marquer
,
v.
to mark, show, indicate.
marquis, -e
,
m., f.
marquis, marchioness.
marron
,
m.
large chestnut.
Marseille
, Marseilles (principal seaport and second city in France).
marteau
,
m.
hammer.
martial, -e
,
adj.
martial (
t
pronounced as
c
).
Martin
, Martin (often applied to a simple person).
massacre
,
m.
massacre.
massacrer
,
v.
to massacre, slay;
massacrant, ~e
,
adj.
murderous.
massif, -ive
,
adj.
massive, solid.
mat, -e
,
adj.
dull, dim, frosted.
mât
,
m.
mast.
matelas
,
m.
mattress.
matelot
,
m.
sailor, seaman.
matériel, -le
,
adj.
material, concrete.
maternel, -le
,
adj.
maternal, on the mother's side.
matière
,
f.
matter;
en -- de
, in regard to.
matin
,
m.
morning, dawn.
mâtin
,
m.
mastiff, cur, rascal.
matinal, -e
,
adj.
morning, early, in the morning.
matinée
,
f.
morning.
maudire
,
v.
to curse;
maudit, -e
, cursed.
maujeure
,
f.
a dialectic word used in Toine in the sense of: fever.
mauresque
,
adj.
Moorish.
maussade
,
adj.
cross, sour, ill-humored, sulky.
mauvais, -e
,
adj. and s.
bad, wretched, evil, mean, dirty, ill (humor), poor.
me
,
conj. pr.
me, to me.
-me
, abbreviation of numerals;
2me, 3me, 4me
, etc. (for
deuxième
, etc.).
mécanique
,
adj.
mechanical.
méchanceté
,
f.
malice, ill will.
méchant, -e
,
adj.
naughty, mean, mischievous, bad, malicious, wicked, wretched.
mécontent, -e
,
adj.
dissatisfied.
Mecque (la)
, Mecca (holy city of the Mohammedans, in Arabia).
médaille
,
f.
medal.
médecin
,
m.
doctor, physician.
médiocre
,
adj.
mediocre, only moderate.
méditatif, -ive
,
adj.
meditative, thoughtful.
méditation
,
f.
meditation.
méditer
,
v.
to meditate, think over.
Méditerranée
,
f.
Mediterranean Sea.
méfiance
,
f.
distrust.
meilleur, -e
,
adj.
better;
le --
, best.
mélancolie
,
f.
melancholy, melancholia.
mélancolique
,
adj.
melancholy.
mêlée
,
f.
scuffle, fight.
mêler
,
v.
to mingle, mix, confuse;
se -- de
, meddle with, mind;
se -- à (avec)
, mingle with, take
part in.
mélodie
,
f.
melody.
mélodieux, -euse
,
adj.
melodious.
membraneux, -euse
,
adj.
membranous.
membre
,
m.
member, limb.
même
,
adj. and adv.
same, self, very, even;
de --
, in the same way, at the same time.
mémoire
,
f.
memory.
mémorable
,
adj.
memorable.
menacer
,
v.
to menace, threaten.
ménage
,
m.
housekeeping, household;
faire son petit --
, to have one's own sweet will.
ménager, -ère
,
m., f.
thrifty persan, housekeeper.
mendiant, -e
,
m., f.
beggar.
mendicité
,
f.
mendicity;
être à la --
, to be reduced to beggary.
mener
,
v.
to lead, bring, take, drive.
ménétrier
,
m.
fiddler.
menottes
,
f. pl.
handcuffs.
mensonge
,
m.
lie.
mentir
,
v.
to lie.
menton
,
m.
chin.
menu, -e
,
adj. and m.
thin, small, trifling, light, bill of fare.
menuet
,
m.
minuet.
menuisier
,
m.
cabinet-maker, joiner.
mépris
,
m.
contempt, scorn.
méprisable
,
adj.
contemptible.
mépriser
,
v.
to despise.
mer
,
f.
sea, tide.
mercenaire
,
adj. and s.
mercenary, hireling.
merci
,
f.
mercy, thanks, thank you (masculine with
grand
);
Dieu --
, thank God.
mercier
,
m.
mercer, haberdasher.
mercredi
,
m.
Wednesday.
mère
,
f.
mother.
meringue
,
f.
meringue, light pastry with whipped cream.
mérite
,
m.
merit, worth.
mériter
,
v.
to merit, deserve.
méritoire
,
adj.
meritorious.
merle
,
m.
blackbird.
Mérope
, a tragedy by Voltaire (1743).
merveilleusement
,
adv.
marvelously, wonderfully.
merveilleux, -euse
,
adj.
wonderful, marvelous.
mes
,
see
mon.
mesdames
,
see
madame.
messe
,
f.
mass.
mesure
,
f.
measure, proportion;
à --
, in proportion or succession as (another action takes
place);
en --
, in time, in proportion;
à -- que
, in proportion as.
mesurer
,
v.
to measure.
métamorphose
,
f.
metamorphosis.
méticuleux, -euse
,
adj.
over-scrupulous, fastidious.
métier
,
m.
trade, loom.
mètre
,
m.
meter (39 inches).
mette
,
f.
metal (Old French).
mettre
,
v.
to put, place, put on, set, put in place, take (time);
se -- à
, begin, set out in;
se -- en route
, start;
se -- en mouvement
, begin to move;
se -- à table
, seat oneself at table;
se -- en colère
, get angry;
se -- en marche
, set out on the march;
se -- au jeu
, get in the game;
se -- en bataille
, form for battle;
se -- dans tous ses atours
, attire oneself in all one's finery;
-- dans
, put in, hit;
-- bas
, take off;
-- pied à terre
, dismount;
-- en pièces
, tear or dash to
pieces;
-- à la porte
, put out of doors;
-- la police en l'air
, stir up the police;
-- le feu
, set fire;
-- en fuite
, set to flight.
meuble
,
m.
piece of furniture,
furniture
,
pl.
furniture.
meubler
,
v.
to furnish.
meunier
,
m.
miller;
meurtre
,
m.
murder.
meurtrier
,
m.
murderer.
meurtrir
,
v.
to bruise;
avoir le coeur meurtri
, to be sick at heart.
meute
,
f.
pack (of hounds, etc.).
mi
,
adv. and adj.
(invariable), equally;
à -- -chemin
, half way.
Michel
, Michael.
midi
,
m.
midday, noon, twelve o'ciock, south;
Midi
,
m.
South of France;
les pleins midis
, the
midday heat.
miel
,
m.
honey.
mien, -ne
,
poss. adj. pr.
(usually with article), mine.
miette
,
f.
crumb.
mieux
,
adv.
better, more, more comfortable;
tant --
, so much the better;
de son --
, the best
he can, etc.;
le --
, best;
regardez --
, look more closely.
mignon, -ne
,
adj.
and s. darling, dainty, cunning, dear little.
migraine
,
f.
sick-headache.
milice
,
f.
militia.
milieu
,
m.
middle, midst, middle ground, surroundings.
militaire
,
adj. and m.
military, soldier.
mille
,
card.
one thousand;
-- et deuxième
,
ord.
thousand and second (in this and in the next
two words
ll
is not liquid).
millier
,
m.
about one thousand, thousand.
million
,
m.
million.
Milon
, Milo.
minaret
,
m.
minaret.
minauder
,
v.
to simper, mince, smirk.
minauderie
,
f.
smirking, simpering.
mince
,
adj.
thin, slender, narrow.
mine
,
f.
look, appearance.
mine
,
f.
mine.
minerai
,
m.
ore.
ministère
,
m.
department (of a cabinet minister), building for the administration offices,
ministry, cabinet.
ministre
,
m.
minister; adjectively: ministerial.
minuit
,
m.
midnight.
minute
,
f.
minute;
de cinq minutes en cinq minutes
, every five minutes.
minutieux, -euse
,
adj.
minute, searching (
t
pronounced as
c
).
mioche
,
m., f.
brat, youngster.
miracle
,
m.
miracle.
mirage
,
m.
mirage.
miroir
,
m.
mirror.
miroiter
,
v.
to glitter, shine, reflect light.
Miromesnil (rue de)
, Parisian street crossing the Boulevard Malesherbes (pronounced:
Miroménil
).
misérable
,
adj. and s.
miserable, wretched, wretch.
misère
,
f.
misery, destitution, hardship.
miséricorde
,
f.
mercy.
Moallakats
, a collection of seven Arabic poems of different authors in the 6th and 7th
centuries (also written
Moallakât
).
mobile
,
adj.
movable, mobile, unsteady, variable, in motion, restless.
mode
,
f.
manner, style, fashion;
marchande de modes
, milliner;
à la --
, in style.
modèle
,
m.
model.
modération
,
f.
moderation.
modéré, -e
,
adj.
moderate.
moderne
,
adj.
modern.
modeste
,
adj.
modest.
modestement
,
adv.
modestly.
modestie
,
f.
modesty.
modifier
,
v.
to modify.
moelle
,
f.
marrow (in this and in the next word
oe
is pronounced as
oi
in
moi
).
moelleux, -euse
,
adj.
soft.
moeurs
,
f. pl.
manners, habits, customs (
s
pronounced).
moi
,
conj. and disj. pr.
me, to me, I, myself.
moignon
,
m.
stump (of an arm, etc.).
moi-même
,
pr.
myself, I myself.
moindre
,
adj.
less;
le --
, least, the slightest.
moins
,
adv.
less, the less;
le --
, least;
au --
, at least;
du --
, at least;
à -- que
or
de
, unless;
pour le --
, at the least.
mois
,
m.
month.
moisissure
,
f.
mold.
moisson
,
f.
harvest.
moite
,
adj.
moist, damp.
moitié
,
f.
half;
à --
, half.
moleskine
,
f.
moleskin (corduroy, etc.; sometimes applied to imitation leather).
mollesse
,
f.
softness, laxness, enervation.
molleton
,
m.
swanskin (soft woollen stuff).
molosse
,
m.
mastiff.
môme
,
m., f.
youngster, "kid" (familiar).
moment
,
m.
moment.
momie
,
f.
mummy.
mon, ma (mes
,
pl.), poss. adj. pr.
my.
monarchie
,
f.
monarchy.
Monceau (le parc)
, an attractive park in the northwestern section of Paris.
monde
,
m.
world, people, society;
tout le --
, everybody.
monnaie
,
f.
change, coin.
monocle
,
m.
monocle.
monotone
,
adj.
monotonous.
monsieur (messieurs
,
pl.), m.
mister, sir, gentleman, the gentleman; abbreviated:
M.
, Mr.;
-- son père
, his father (pronounced:
mesieu
).
monstre
,
m. and adj.
monster, monstrous.
monstrueux, ~euse
,
adj.
monstrous.
mont
,
m.
mount.
montagne
,
f.
mountain.
monter
,
v.
to mount, go up, ascend, come up, get in.
Montivilliers
, small Norman town between le Havre and Fécamp (
ll
not liquid).
montre
,
f.
watch, exhibition, show-window.
montrer
,
v.
to show, indicate, point out;
se --
, show oneself, appear.
montueux, -euse
,
adj.
hilly.
monture
,
f.
mount, horse (for riding).
monumental, -e
,
adj.
monumental.
moquer
,
v.
to mock;
se -- de
, make fun of, care nothing about;
s'en -- pas mal
, not care a rap
about it.
moral, -e
,
adj.
moral, mental;
faire de la morale à
, to preach to, exhort.
morceau
,
m.
morsel, bit, piece.
mordieu
,
interj.
by heaven!, etc.
mordre
,
v.
to bite.
morgue
,
f.
pride, arrogance.
morne
,
adj.
gloomy, mournful, sad.
mornifle
,
f.
slap on the jaws.
morsure
,
f.
bite.
mort
,
f.
death;
-- -qui-trompe
, deceptive death, death in ambush.
mortel, -le
,
adj. and s.
mortal.
mortifier
,
v.
to mortify.
morue
,
f.
codfish.
mosaique
,
f.
mosaic.
Moscou
, Moscow.
mosquée
,
f.
mosque.
mot
,
m.
word;
un bon --
, a witty remark.
motif
,
m.
motive.
motte
,
f.
clod, lump.
mou, molle
,
adj.
soft, nerveless, flabby.
mouche
,
f.
fly;
faire --
, to hit the bull's-eye;
-- à vapeur
, small steamboat used on French
rivers.
moucheron
,
m.
gnat, "kid" (slang in the latter sense).
moucheter
,
v.
to spot, speckle.
mouchoir
,
m.
handkerchief.
moufle
,
f.
mitten.
mouiller
,
v.
to wet, bathe, cast (anchor);
se --
, become wet.
mouillure
,
f.
wetness, wetting, dampness.
moulin
,
m.
mill.
mourir
,
v.
to die;
se --
, be dying;
faire --
, make die, kill, execute;
-- pour --
, as well die one
time as another;
mort -e
,
adj. and s.
dead, spent (bullet), dead man, etc.
mousquet
,
m.
musket.
mousqueterie
,
f.
musketry.
mousse
,
f.
moss, foam.
mousse
,
m.
cabin-boy.
mousseline
,
f.
muslin.
mousseux, -euse
,
adj.
foamy, frothy.
moustache
,
f.
mustache.
moutard
,
m.
urchin, brat.
mouton
,
m.
sheep, mutton.
mouvement
,
m.
movement, motion, impulse.
mouvoir
,
v.
to move;
mouvant, -e
, adj. moving, busy.
moyen, -ne
,
adj. and m.
average, mean, medium, middle, means, resource, way;
au -- de
,
by means of.
moyenâgeux, -euse
,
adj.
medieval.
Mozart
, (Wolfgang Amadeus), noted German composer of
Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, Requiem
; etc., (1756-1791).
muet, -te
,
adj. and s.
mute, silent.
muezzin
,
m.
muezzin (Mohammedan priest who announces from the minaret the hour for
prayer).
mule
,
f.
mule.
mulon
,
m.
great heap of salt.
Munster
, Münster (small Alsatian town).
mur
,
m.
wall.
mûr, -e
,
adj.
ripe, mature.
muraille
,
f.
wall, rampart.
murer
,
v.
to wall up.
mûrir
,
v.
to ripen, mature, develop.
murmure
,
m.
murmur, murmuring.
murmurer
,
v.
to murmur.
mutualité
,
f.
mutuality.
muscle
,
m.
muscle.
muse
,
f.
muse.
musicien
,
m.
musician.
musique
,
f.
music;
faire de la --
, to play.
mystère
,
m.
mystery.
mystérieux, -euse
,
adj.
mysterious.
mystification
,
f.
mystification, hoax.
mythologique
,
adj.
mythological.
N
n'
,
see
ne
.
nabab
,
m.
nabob.
nacre
,
f.
mother-of-pearl.
nager
,
v.
to swim.
naguère
,
adv.
lately, but now, not long ago.
naissance
,
f.
birth.
naitre
, to be born;
né, -e
, born.
naïvement
,
adv.
ingenuously, artlessly.
Nantes
, important city on the lower Loire.
Napoléon III
, French Emperor from 1852 to 1870.
nappe,
f.
tablecloth, sheet (of water, light, etc.).
narguer
,
v.
to defy, snap one's fingers at.
narguilhé
,
m.
narghile (Oriental water pipe for smoking; usually written
narguilé
).
narine
,
f.
nostril.
natal, -e
,
adj.
natal, native.
natif, -ive
,
adj. and s
. native.
national, -e
,
adj.
national.
nature
,
f.
nature, kind.
naturel, -le
,
adj. and m.
natural, disposition, nature, naturalness.
naturellement
,
adv.
naturally.
naviguer
,
v.
to sail.
navire
,
m.
ship, vessel.
navrer
,
v.
to break the heart of;
navrant, -e
, heartrending, distressing;
navré, -e
,
heart-broken;
le coeur navré
, heart-broken.
ne
,
adv.
(usually with
pas, point
, etc.), not (frequently pleonastic).
néanmoins
,
adv.
nevertheless, notwithstanding.
nébuieux, -euse
,
adj.
nebulous, glooiny, disturbing.
nécessaire
,
adj.
necessary.
nécessité
,
f.
necessity.
nécropole
,
f.
necropolis (catacombs).
négliger
,
v.
to neglect, slight.
négociant
,
m.
merchant, trader.
nègre
,
adj. and m.
negro.
neige
,
f.
snow;
eau de --
, melted snow, water chilled with snow.
nerf
,
m.
nerve, sinew (
f
pronounced).
nerveux, -euse
,
adj.
nervous.
Nesmond
, noble French family prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries.
net, -te
,
adj.
neat, clear, short;
couper --
, to cut short or squarely off (
t
pronounced).
nettement
,
adv.
clearly, plainly.
netteté
,
f.
neatness, clearness, distinctness.
nettoyer
,
v.
to clean, clean out.
neuf
,
card.
nine.
neuf, neuve
, new;
de --
, freshly.
neveu
,
m.
nephew;
petit --
, great nephew.
Newton (Sir Isaac)
, the famous English mathematician, physicist, astronomer and
philosopher, especially noted for his discovery of the laws of gravitation and for his work
on light (1642-1727).
nez
,
m.
nose;
devant le --
, before the face;
fermer sur le --
, to shut in the face (pronounced:
né
).
ni
,
conj.
nor;
-- ... --
, neither ... nor.
niaiserie
,
f.
nonsense.
niche
,
f.
niche, recess, kennel.
Nicolas
, Nicholas.
nid
,
m.
nest.
nièce
,
f.
niece.
Nil (le)
,
m.
the Nile.
Nîmes
, city in the department of Gard.
noble
,
adj. and s.
noble.
noblesse
,
f.
nobility.
noce
,
f.
wedding;
pl.
wedding.
Noël
,
m.
Christmas;
la --
, the Christmas festival;
le petit --
, Santa Claus.
noir, -e
,
adj. and m.
black;
le Noir
, gangrene;
voir tout en --
, to look on the dark side of
everything.
noircir
,
v.
to blacken.
noircisseur
,
m.
dyer in black, scribbler.
noix
,
f.
nut, Middle part, pope's eye (of meat).
nom
,
m.
name;
-- de --
, euphemistic oath.
nombre
,
m.
number;
-- de
, a number of.
nombreux, -euse
,
adj.
numerous.
nommer
,
v.
to name;
nommé, -e
,
adj. and s.
named, one called.
non
, adv. no, not;
-- pas
, not, not at all.
non bis in idem
, not twice in the same place (Latin).
nonchalamment
,
adv.
nonchalantly, carelessly, heedlessly.
nonchalant, -e
,
adj.
listless, unmindful, nonchalant.
non-seulement
,
adv.
not only.
nopal
,
m.
nopal (cactus).
nord
,
m.
north;
-- est
, north-east (
d
is not pronounced in
nord
, but is pronounced in
nord-est
).
normal, -e
,
adj.
normal, natural.
normand, -e
,
adj. and s.
Norman (written
Normand
when
s.
).
Normandie
,
f.
Normandy (former French province on the English Channel).
nos
,
see
notre.
notable
,
adj.
notable.
notaire
,
m.
notary.
notamment
,
adv.
especially, particularly.
note
,
f.
note, bill.
notion
,
f.
notion, idea.
notre (nos
,
pl.), poss. adj. pr.
our.
nôtre
,
poss. adj. pr.
ours (usually with article).
nouer
,
v.
to knot, tie, tie up.
noueux, -euse
,
adj.
knotty, knotted.
Nourmahal
, popular Oriental name because of the wife of a Mogul emperor, who bore this
name in the 17th century.
nourrice
,
f.
wet-nurse.
nourrir
,
v.
to nourish, nurse, support, feed.
nourriture
,
f.
food.
nous
,
conj. and disj. pr.
we, us, to us.
nous-mêmes
,
pr.
we ourselves, ourselves.
nouveau, (nouvel
before vowels),
-elle
,
adj.
new, other;
de --
, anew, again;
nouvelle(s)
,
f. news, piece of news, story (longer than the
conte
and shorter than the
roman
);
de vos nouvelles
, news of you;
---né
, new-born child, etc.;
avoir des nouvelles de
, to hear from.
nouvellement
,
adv.
newly, recently.
Novare
, Novara (city of northern Italy).
novembre
,
m.
November.
noyau
,
m.
stone (of fruit).
noyer
,
v.
to drown, swamp.
nu, -e
,
adj.
naked, bare;
à --
, bare, exposed, openly;
-- pieds
, barefooted.
nuage
,
m.
cloud.
nuageux, -euse
,
adj.
cloudy, somber.
nuance
,
f.
tint, shade.
nudité
,
f.
nudity, nakedness, bareness.
nuée
,
f.
thick cloud.
nuire
,
v.
to injure, be harmful.
nuit
,
f.
night;
la --
, the night, at night.
nul, -le
,
adj. and pr.
no, no one.
nullement
,
adv.
in no wise, by no means.
numéro
,
m.
number.
nuptial, -e
,
adj.
nuptial, marriage (
t
pronounced as
c
).
nuque
,
f.
nape (of the neck).
O
õ
,
interj.
O!
obéir
,
v.
to obey.
obéissance
,
f.
obedience.
objet
,
m.
object.
obligeamment
,
adv.
obligingly, courteously.
obliger
,
v.
to oblige;
obligeant, -e
, adj. kind;
rester l'obligé
, remain the debtor.
oblique
,
adj.
oblique, slanting.
obscur, -e
,
adj.
obscure, clark.
obscurcir
,
v.
to darken.
obscurité
,
f.
obscurity, darkness.
obséder
,
v.
to beset (in this and in the next two words
b
is pronounced as
p
).
observation
,
f.
observation.
observer
,
v.
to observe, watch, look at.
obstacle
,
m.
obstacle.
obstination
,
f.
obstinacy.
obstiné, -e
,
adj.
obstinate.
obstinément
,
adv.
obstinately.
obstruer
,
v.
to obstruct.
obtenir
,
v.
to obtain, get (
b
pronounced as
p
).
obus
,
m.
shell (
s
pronounced as
z
).
occasion
,
f.
occasion, opportunity, cause.
occupation
,
f.
occupation.
occuper
,
v.
to occupy;
s'--
, occupy oneself, be occupied, busy oneself, attend.
océan
,
m.
ocean.
odalisque
,
f.
odalisque (slave of a woman in the harem).
odeur
,
f.
odor.
odorant, -e
,
adj.
odorous, fragrant, sweet-smelling.
odorat
,
m.
sense of smell.
oeil (yeux
, pl.),
m.
eye, glance;
regarder d'un -- favorable
, to look upon favorably.
oeillade