APPENDIX.

TABLE I.

Showing tares, style of package and average weight of the principal coffees imported into the United States.

Kind. Style of Package. Average Weight Pounds. Tare.

Mocha, Bales, 160 Actual.

Javas, Mats, 66 1 per cent.

India, Bags, 140 2 per cent.

Ceylon, Bags, 140 2 per cent.

Ceylon, Casks, 1,000 Actual.

Jamaica, Bags, 200 2 per cent.

Jamaica, Barrels, 200 Actual.

San Domingo, Bags, 150 2 per cent.

Hayti, Bags, 150 2 per cent.

Mexican, Bales, 150 2 per cent.

Guatemala, Bags, 140 1 per cent.

Nicaragua, Bags, 140 1 per cent.

Honduras, Bags, 140 1 per cent.

Costa Rica, Bags, 140 1 per cent.

Caracas, Bags, 130 2 per cent.

Maracaibo, Bags, 130 1 per cent.

Laguayra, Bags, 130 1 per cent.

Angostura, Bags, 130 Actual.

Colombo, Bags, 230 1 per cent.

Equador, Bags, 130 1 per cent.

Bolivian, Bags, 130 1 per cent.

Brazilian, Bags, 130 1 per cent.

All other coffees in bags one per cent. and all others in bales and barrels actual tare.

TABLE II.

Showing relative difference between cost of raw and roasted coffees, including cost of roasting (¹⁄₂ cent per pound), and loss by shrinkage (15 per cent).

Raw. Roasted.

10 12 35

10 ¹⁄₄ 12 65

10 ¹⁄₂ 12 94

10 ³⁄₄ 13 24

11 13 53

11 ¹⁄₄ 13 82

11 ¹⁄₂ 14 12

11 ³⁄₄ 14 41

12 14 71

12 ¹⁄₄ 15 00

12 ¹⁄₂ 15 29

12 ³⁄₄ 15 59

13 15 88

13 ¹⁄₄ 16 18

13 ¹⁄₂ 16 48

13 ³⁄₄ 16 67

14 17 06

14 ¹⁄₄ 17 35

14 ¹⁄₂ 17 67

14 ³⁄₄ 17 94

15 18 24

15 ¹⁄₄ 18 53

15 ¹⁄₂ 18 82

15 ³⁄₄ 19 13

16 19 41

16 ¹⁄₄ 19 71

16 ¹⁄₂ 20 00

16 ³⁄₄ 20 30

17 20 59

17 ¹⁄₄ 20 89

17 ³⁄₄ 21 47

18 21 76

18 ¹⁄₄ 22 06

18 ¹⁄₂ 22 35

18 ³⁄₄ 22 64

19 22 93

19 ¹⁄₄ 23 22

19 ¹⁄₂ 23 52

19 ³⁄₄ 23 82

20 24 41

20 ¹⁄₄ 24 41

20 ¹⁄₂ 24 71

20 ³⁄₄ 25 00

21 25 30

21 ¹⁄₄ 25 59

21 ¹⁄₂ 25 88

21 ³⁄₄ 26 19

22 26 47

22 ¹⁄₄ 26 76

22 ¹⁄₂ 27 06

22 ³⁄₄ 27 35

23 27 64

23 ¹⁄₄ 27 94

23 ¹⁄₂ 28 24

23 ³⁄₄ 28 53

24 28 82

24 ¹⁄₄ 29 12

24 ¹⁄₂ 29 42

24 ³⁄₄ 29 71

25 30 00

For each one-eighth of a cent Raw add one-fifteenth Roasted.

TABLE III.

Showing comparative loss in roasting coffee between Winter and Summer months of the principal coffees:—

Months. Rio. Per cent. Java. Per cent. Mocha. Per cent. Maracaibo. Per cent.

January, 14 16 15 16

February, 14 16 15 16

March, 14 16 15 16

June, 13 15 14 15

July, 13 15 14 15

August, 13 15 14 15

From which it may be noted that Rio and Mocha lose on an average one per cent. less than Java and Maracaibo in both seasons, which is accounted for by the greater hardness and solidity of the bean of the former over the latter, which are lighter and softer in texture, the average loss being 15 per cent. on all coffees.

TABLE IV.

Showing comparative weights of Raw and Roasted coffees, after sustaining a loss of from 12 to 16 per cent.:—

Weight raw. Weight roasted.

Net. Per cent. 12 Per cent. 13 Per cent. 14 Per cent. 15 Per cent. 16

50 lbs. 44 43 ¹⁄₂ 43 42 ¹⁄₂ 42

55 „ 48 ¹⁄₂ 48 47 ¹⁄₄ 46 ³⁄₄ 46

60 „ 52 ¹⁄₄ 52 51 ¹⁄₂ 51 50 ¹⁄₂

65 „ 57 56 ¹⁄₂ 56 55 ¹⁄₄ 54 ¹⁄₂

70 „ 61 ¹⁄₂ 61 60 59 ¹⁄₂ 58 ³⁄₄

75 „ 66 65 ¹⁄₄ 64 ¹⁄₂ 63 ³⁄₄ 63

80 „ 70 ¹⁄₂ 69 ¹⁄₂ 68 ¹⁄₄ 68 67

85 „ 74 ³⁄₄ 74 73 72 ¹⁄₄ 71 ¹⁄₂

90 „ 79 78 ³⁄₄ 77 ¹⁄₂ 76 ¹⁄₂ 75 ¹⁄₂

95 „ 83 ¹⁄₂ 82 ¹⁄₂ 81 ¹⁄₂ 80 ³⁄₄ 79 ³⁄₄

100 „ 89 87 86 85 84

105 „ 92 ¹⁄₂ 91 ¹⁄₂ 90 ¹⁄₂ 89 ¹⁄₄ 88

110 „ 96 ³⁄₄ 95 ¹⁄₂ 94 ¹⁄₂ 93 ¹⁄₂ 91 ¹⁄₄

115 „ 102 100 99 98 96 ¹⁄₂

120 „ 105 ¹⁄₂ 104 ¹⁄₂ 103 102 101

125 „ 110 108 ³⁄₄ 107 ¹⁄₂ 106 ¹⁄₄ 105

130 „ 114 ¹⁄₂ 113 112 111 110 ¹⁄₄

135 „ 118 ³⁄₄ 117 ¹⁄₂ 116 114 ³⁄₄ 113 ¹⁄₂

140 „ 124 121 ³⁄₄ 120 ¹⁄₂ 119 117 ¹⁄₂

145 „ 127 ¹⁄₂ 126 124 ¹⁄₂ 123 ¹⁄₄ 121 ³⁄₄

150 „ 131 ¹⁄₄ 129 ³⁄₄ 128 ¹⁄₄ 126 ³⁄₄ 125 ¹⁄₄

TABLE V.

Showing cost of Roasted coffee after sustaining a loss of:—

Cost Raw. Per cent. 12 Per cent. 13 Per cent. 14 Per cent. 15 Per cent. 16

10 11 ³⁄₈ 11 ¹⁄₂ 11 ⁵⁄₈ 11 ³⁄₄ 11 ⁷⁄₈

10 ¹⁄₂ 12 12 ¹⁄₈ 12 ¹⁄₄ 12 ³⁄₈ 12 ¹⁄₂

11 12 ¹⁄₂ 12 ⁵⁄₈ 12 ³⁄₄ 12 ⁷⁄₈ 13

11 ¹⁄₂ 13 13 ¹⁄₄ 13 ³⁄₈ 13 ⁵⁄₈ 13 ³⁄₄

12 13 ⁵⁄₈ 13 ³⁄₄ 14 14 ¹⁄₈ 14 ¹⁄₄

12 ¹⁄₂ 14 ¹⁄₄ 14 ³⁄₈ 14 ¹⁄₂ 14 ³⁄₄ 14 ⁷⁄₈

13 14 ³⁄₄ 15 15 ¹⁄₈ 15 ³⁄₈ 15 ¹⁄₂

13 ¹⁄₂ 15 ³⁄₈ 15 ¹⁄₂ 15 ⁵⁄₈ 15 ³⁄₄ 15 ⁷⁄₈

14 15 ⁷⁄₈ 16 ¹⁄₈ 16 ¹⁄₄ 16 ¹⁄₂ 16 ⁵⁄₈

14 ¹⁄₂ 16 ¹⁄₂ 16 ⁵⁄₈ 16 ⁷⁄₈ 17 17 ¹⁄₄

15 17 17 ¹⁄₈ 17 ³⁄₈ 17 ⁵⁄₈ 17 ⁷⁄₈

15 ¹⁄₂ 17 ⁵⁄₈ 17 ⁷⁄₈ 18 18 ¹⁄₄ 18 ¹⁄₂

16 18 ⁷⁄₈ 18 ³⁄₈ 18 ⁵⁄₈ 18 ⁷⁄₈ 19

16 ¹⁄₂ 18 ³⁄₄ 19 19 ¹⁄₈ 19 ³⁄₈ 19 ⁵⁄₈

17 19 ¹⁄₄ 19 ¹⁄₂ 19 ³⁄₄ 20 20 ¹⁄₄

17 ¹⁄₂ 19 ⁷⁄₈ 20 ¹⁄₂ 20 ³⁄₈ 20 ⁵⁄₈ 20 ⁷⁄₈

18 20 ³⁄₈ 20 ⁵⁄₈ 20 ⁷⁄₈ 21 ¹⁄₈ 21 ³⁄₈

18 ¹⁄₂ 21 21 ¹⁄₄ 21 ¹⁄₂ 21 ³⁄₄ 22

19 21 ⁵⁄₈ 21 ⁷⁄₈ 22 ¹⁄₈ 22 ³⁄₈ 22 ⁵⁄₈

19 ¹⁄₂ 22 ¹⁄₈ 22 ³⁄₈ 22 ⁵⁄₈ 23 23 ¹⁄₄

20 22 ³⁄₄ 23 23 ¹⁄₄ 23 ¹⁄₂ 23 ³⁄₄

20 ¹⁄₂ 23 ¹⁄₄ 23 ¹⁄₂ 23 ⁷⁄₈ 24 ¹⁄₈ 24 ³⁄₈

21 23 ³⁄₄ 24 24 ³⁄₈ 24 ³⁄₄ 25

21 ¹⁄₂ 24 ¹⁄₂ 24 ³⁄₄ 25 25 ¹⁄₄ 25 ⁵⁄₈

22 25 25 ¹⁄₄ 25 ⁵⁄₈ 25 ⁷⁄₈ 26 ¹⁄₈

22 ¹⁄₂ 25 ¹⁄₂ 25 ⁷⁄₈ 26 ¹⁄₈ 26 ¹⁄₂ 26 ³⁄₄

23 26 ¹⁄₈ 26 ³⁄₈ 26 ³⁄₄ 27 27 ³⁄₈

23 ¹⁄₂ 26 ³⁄₄ 27 27 ³⁄₈ 27 ⁵⁄₈ 28

24 27 ¹⁄₄ 27 ⁵⁄₈ 27 ⁷⁄₈ 28 ¹⁄₂ 28 ⁷⁄₈

24 ¹⁄₂ 27 ⁷⁄₈ 28 ¹⁄₈ 28 ¹⁄₂ 28 ³⁄₄ 29 ¹⁄₈

25 28 ³⁄₈ 28 ³⁄₄ 29 ¹⁄₈ 29 ³⁄₈ 29 ³⁄₄

To which must be added cost of roasting, ¹⁄₂ cent per pound.

TABLE VI.

Showing New York Coffee Exchange point card, and giving decimal value of 5 points to one cent per pound on 250 bags coffee (32,500 pounds), which is the smallest transaction:—

Points. Difference.

05, $16 25

10, 32 50

15, 48 75

20, 65 00

25, 81 25

30, 97 50

35, 113 75

40, 130 00

45, 146 25

50, 162 50

55, 178 75

60, 195 00

65, 211 25

70, 227 50

75, 243 75

80, 260 00

85, 276 25

90, 292 50

95, 308 75

100 (one cent), 325 00

105, 341 25

110, 357 50

115, 373 75

120, 390 10

125, 406 25

130, 432 50

135, 438 75

140, 455 50

145, 471 25

150, 487 50

155, 503 75

160, 520 00

165, 536 25

170, 552 50

175, 568 75

180, 585 00

185, 601 25

190, 617 50

195, 635 75

200 (two cents), 650 50

No. 7 (low ordinary) is adopted as the “standard grade,” and is taken as a basis for all operations, but a grade comparing with any of the ten numbers may be substituted at their approximate values when delivered is insisted on and No. 7 cannot be had. The brokerage for buying and selling is 4 cents per bag, and the original margin $1.00 per bag, the smallest transaction allowed being 250 bags and the market fluctuation ⁵⁄₁₀₀ cents per pound.

TABLE VII.

Showing method for converting Rio and Santos quotations into United States currency, including freight charges at 40 cents and 5 per cent. per bag marine insurance. One month’s charges in New York, at 2 per cent. discount, $4.80, equaling the pound sterling at 60 days sight.

Market Price in Rio per 10 Kilos. Rio Rates of Exchange on London (equivalent in cents per pound).

21d 21¹⁄₂d 22d

.000 12¹¹⁄₁₀₀ 12³⁹⁄₁₀₀ 12⁶⁷⁄₁₀₀

.200 12⁵⁶⁄₁₀₀ 12⁸⁵⁄₁₀₀ 12¹⁴⁄₁₀₀

.400 13⁰¹⁄₁₀₀ 13³¹⁄₁₀₀ 13⁶¹⁄₁₀₀

.600 13⁴⁷⁄₁₀₀ 13⁷⁷⁄₁₀₀ 14⁸⁹⁄₁₀₀

.800 13⁹²⁄₁₀₀ 14⁴⁰⁄₁₀₀ 14⁵⁶⁄₁₀₀

.000 14³⁷⁄₁₀₀ 14⁷⁰⁄₁₀₀ 15⁰³⁄₁₀₀

.200 14⁸²⁄₁₀₀ 15¹⁶⁄₁₀₀ 15⁵¹⁄₁₀₀

.400 15²⁷⁄₁₀₀ 16⁶²⁄₁₀₀ 15⁹⁸⁄₁₀₀

.600 15⁷²⁄₁₀₀ 16⁰⁹⁄₁₀₀ 16⁴⁵⁄₁₀₀

.800 16¹⁸⁄₁₀₀ 16⁵⁵⁄₁₀₀ 16⁹²⁄₁₀₀

.000 16⁶³⁄₁₀₀ 17⁰¹⁄₁₀₀ 17⁴⁰⁄₁₀₀

Fractional equivalents to be added if necessary, each ¹⁄₄ d. in exchange being equivalent to about 1 per cent. Bases for freight differences to be added or deducted at rate of 5 cents and 5 per cent. per bag—.04 cents per pound, to which must be also added commission for buying in Rio or Santos, but if the coffee should be wanted for sale on the Exchange no addition need be made.

TABLE VIII.

For converting London quotations into U. S. currency, including cost, insurance, freight, one month’s charges in New York and 2 per cent. discount.

Market Price in London per 112 pounds. London Rates of Exchange at 60 days, equivalent in cents per pound.

Shillings. $4 80 $4 85 $4 90

50 $11 43 $11 54 $11 65

51 11 63 11 78 11 89

52 11 89 12 00 12 12

53 12 11 12 23 12 35

54 12 34 12 46 12 58

55 12 53 12 69 12 81

56 12 73 12 91 13 04

57 13 02 13 14 13 27

58 13 23 13 38 13 51

59 13 48 13 60 13 75

The best and most rapid method of reducing the cost of coffee in Brazil to United States currency is, however, to multiply the price by the rate of exchange ruling at the time of purchase. The result will be in English pence, which is converted into American gold in the regular way at the existing rate of London exchange. Another method by which a result accurate enough for all practical purposes may be obtained is to multiply the price by the rate of exchange, and then deducting one-fourth of the amount so obtained, first getting the free-on-board charges in Rio or Santos, to which must be added the cost of freight and other charges.

TABLE IX.

Showing the average value for each year from 1846 to 1878, inclusive, for fair to prime Rio coffee, cargo price in gold, “in bond,” in New York:—

Year. Value.

1846 7 .44

1847 7 .34

1848 6 .63

1849 7 .37

1850 10 .91

1851 9 .44

1852 8 .85

1853 9 .76

1854 10 .48

1855 10 .47

1856 11 .04

1857 11 .15

1858 11 .08

1859 11 .66

1860 13 .74

1861 12 .31

1862 15 .22

1863 16 .39

1864 16 .22

1865 15 .95

1866 13 .86

1867 12 .23

1868 10 .5

1869 11 .00

1870 11 .33

1871 12 .91

1872 1617 4827

1873 19 .99

1874 21 .08

1875 18 .87

1876 18 .21

1877 18 .45

1878 15 .58

1879 14 .87

1880 15 .12

1881 12 .23

1882 9 .77

1883 10 .36

1884 10 .92

1885 9 .01

1886 10 .33

Coffee was admitted free up to the first of August, 1861, when an import duty of four cents a pound was levied. In January, 1862, the duty was raised to five cents a pound; and this continued to 1870, when the duty was reduced to three cents a pound. On the first of July, 1872, the impost was removed, and coffee was admitted to duty free once more. In the above table, it will be observed that the highest point was in 1874, after the impost had been removed, when it was 21 cents. This was about the same as in 1863 and ’64, with the duty of 5 cents added; but this, it will be remembered, is an average for the years alluded to for fair to prime, but during the year there was often fluctuations, and prime, as circumstances demanded, brought a very high price, as in some instances it touched at or near 25 cents, when of course all other coffees were proportionally large.

TABLE X.

Showing fluctuations in the coffee market from 1850 to 1867, inclusive.

Year. Pounds.

1850 131,640,000

1851 177,760,000

1852 291,344,000

1853 172,898,000

1854 175,780,000

1855 206,250,000

1856 214,104,000

1857 168,916,000

1858 246,510,000

1859 219,010,000

1860 173,844,000

1861 194,656,000

1862 87,406,000

1863 78,562,000

1864 107,052,900

1865 125,708,000

1866 157,146,000

1867 199,760,000

1868 219,212,400

1869 238,653,800

1870 275,895,400

1871 310,956,800

1872 266,866,600

1873 264,666,600

1874 272,608,600

1875 301,727,800

1876 295,039,800

1877 297,523,600

1878 213,830,000

1879 396,391,600

1880 390,188,500

1881 411,633,200

1882 467,504,400

1883 449,002,400

1884 490,468,000

1885 530,127,400

It will be seen that the consumption increased to 1858, and gradually declined to 1863, when it touched the lowest point. Since that time it has increased nearly seven-fold, but while the quantity imported or consumed has increased beyond our power to fully realize the amount in figures, it is curious to consider the varied values of coffee under the many peculiarities of circumstances for the past thirty-six years.

TABLE XI.

SHOWING HOW COFFEE IS IMPORTED.

Pro Forma Invoice of 1,000 Bags of Coffee, of 60 Kilos. each, Shipped from Rio de Janeiro or Santos to the United States.

1,000 bags coffee of 60 kilos. each =net 10 kilos. 60,000, @ 6$350 per 10 kilos., [1]⁠Rs. 38:100$000

1,000 empty bags @ 700 reis, 700$000

Rs. 38:800$000

Export duty on kilos. 60,000 @ 502 rs. per kilo. = Rs. 30,120$000 @ 13 per cent., Reis 3:915$600

Harbor-master (Capatazias) fees, 60 rs. per bag, 60$000

Brokerage, 50 rs. per bag, 50$000

Shipping expenses (at 220 rs. = Rs. 220,000), sample, tins and box (Rs. 25$000), freight on same (Rs. 2$000), consul’s certificate (included in sample, tins, etc.), cablegram (Rs. 100$000), stamps, petties, etc. (included in sample, tins and box), 347$000

4:372$600

43:172$600

Commission for buying, 2 per cent., 863$450

44:036$050

Bill brokerage and stamps, ³⁄₈ of 1 per cent., 165$760

Reis 44:201$810

TABLE XII.

SHOWING CONVERSION OF BRAZILIAN INTO AMERICAN CURRENCY.

Amount of pro forma invoice, Reis 44:201$810

At 21¹⁄₂d. exchange at Rio, £3,959 15

$4.84¹⁄₂—¹⁄₈ per £ sterling, $19,161 00

Charges accruing in the United States:—

Freight per steamer to New York, 40c. per bag and 5 per cent. primage, $420 00

Marine insurance, 1 per cent. less 30 per cent.—⁷⁄₁₀ net, on $21,672 or invoice and £ value @ $5.50, 151 70

Banker’s commission for credit = ³⁄₄ of 1 per cent. on $19,161, 143 72

Bill stamps in London (nil).

Labor at vessel, 4c. per bag; storage, one month, @ 4c.; weighing, 3¹⁄₄c.; fire insurance, 1¹⁄₄c. per bag; delivery (lighterage), 4c. per bag = 16¹⁄₂c. per bag, 165 00

Petty charges, i. e., sampling, sewing, custom fees, etc., on bags, per bag, 3¹⁄₂c.; approximate for skimming of quality,——bags @ ; furnishing new bags, 35 00

Cables at New York, 5 00

920 42

Cost of 1,000 in store, $20,081 42