EXPLANATORY NOTE.

Brackets occurring in the names of men indicate that the portion they inclose has been dropped from the owner’s signature. In the names of women the bracketed portion is the maiden name and, in the case of a second marriage, the first married name also.

A DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN AUTHORS.[2]

Abbe, Cleveland. N. Y., 1838- ——. A meteorologist of distinction who in 1871 became professor of meteorology in the national weather bureau and has since continued in that position. The more important of his many publications include Solar Spots and Terrestrial Temperature; A Plea for Terrestrial Physics; Atmospheric Radiation; Treatise on Meteorological Apparatus; Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Meteorology.

Abbe, Frederick Randolph. Ct., 1827-1889. A Congregational clergyman in Massachusetts. The Temple Rebuilt, a Poem of Christian Faith.

Abbey, Henry. N. Y., 1842- ——. A resident of Kingston, New York, who has published several collections of pleasant unpretentious verse. Ballads of Good Deeds; The City of Success; May Dreams; Ralph and Other Poems; Stories in Verse.

Abbey, Richard. N. Y., 1805-1891. A prominent clergyman of the Southern Methodist Church, among whose many theological and controversial writings are, End of the Apostolical Succession; Creed of All Men; Diuturnity; Ecce Ecclesia, a reply to Ecce Homo; The City of God and the Church Makers.

Abbot, Abiel. N. H., 1765-1859. A Congregational clergyman of Connecticut and Massachusetts. History of Andover; Genealogy of the Abbot Family.

Abbot, Abiel. Ms., 1770-1828. A Congregational clergyman of Beverly, Massachusetts. Letters from Cuba. His Sermons with Memoir were published in 1831.

Abbot, Ezra. Me., 1819-1884. A Unitarian biblical scholar of much prominence, who was for many years a professor in the Divinity School of Harvard University, and widely known for the extent of his bibliographical acquirements. Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life; Authenticity of the Fourth Gospel; The Fourth Gospel and Other Critical Essays. With H. B. Hackett, infra, he prepared the American edition of Smith’s Bible Dictionary. See Memorial of, 1884. El.

Abbot, Francis Ellingwood. Ms., 1836-1903. A religious and philosophical thinker of advanced views, for some years editor of The Index, whose home was at Cambridge. Scientific Theism; The Way out of Agnosticism. Lit.

Abbot, Gorham Dummer. Me., 1807-1874. A Congregational clergyman, long an educator of New York city. He was a brother of Jacob Abbott, infra, but returned to an older spelling of his surname. Prayer-Book for the Young; Pleasure and Profit; The Family at Home.

Abbot, Henry Larcom. Ms., 1831- ——. A general in the United States army, of prominence as an engineer. Besides several series of Professional Papers, his writings include Lectures on the Defence of the Sea Coast of the United States; Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River. Vn.

Abbot, Willis John. Ct., 1863- ——. Grandson of J. S. C. Abbott, infra, but using an older spelling of the surname. A journalist of New York city. Blue Jackets of 1776; Blue Jackets of 1812; Blue Jackets of ’61, three volumes of history for young people; Battle Fields of ’61; Battle Fields and Camp Fires; Battle Fields and Victory; Life of Carter Harrison. Do.

Abbott, Arthur Vaughan. N. Y., 1854- ——. Son of B. V. Abbott, infra. A civil, electrical, and mechanical engineer of Chicago. Electrical Transmission of Energy; The Evolution of a Switchboard; History and Use of Testing Machines; Treatise on Fuel. Vn.

Abbott, Austin. Ms., 1831-1896. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. A lawyer of New York city who was dean of the Law School of New York University at the time of his death. Besides preparing several works with his brother Benjamin, infra, he published Legal Remembrancer, Principles and Forms of Practice in Civil Actions in Courts of Record; The Law of Evidence; Select Cases on Code Pleading; Digest of New York Statutes.

Abbott, Benjamin Vaughan. Ms., 1830-1890. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. A lawyer of New York city. Law Dictionary; Travelling Law School and Famous Trials; First Lessons in Government and Law; Patent Laws of All Nations; Year-Book of Jurisprudence for 1880; Judge and Jury. Har. Lit. Lo.

Abbott, Charles Conrad. N. J., 1843- ——. A naturalist and physician of Trenton, New Jersey, whose writings show a very close and sympathetic observation of nature. The Stone Age in New Jersey; Primitive Industry; A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home; Cyclopædia of Natural History; Upland and Meadow; Wasteland Wanderings; The Birds About Us; Days Out of Doors; Outings at Odd Times; Recent Rambles; Travels in a Treetop; Notes of the Night; A Colonial Wooing, a novel; Bird-Land Echoes. Ap. Cent. Har. Lip.

Abbott, Charles Edward. Me., 1811-1880. Brother of Jacob Abbott, infra. An educator in Connecticut. Down the Hill; Village Boys.

Abbott, Edward. Me., 1841- ——. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. An Episcopal clergyman of Cambridge, but prior to 1878 a Congregational minister and editor of The Congregationalist. He is now [1897] the editor of The Literary World. Dialogues of Christ; The Long Look series of juvenile tales; A Trip Eastward; Revolutionary Times; Paragraph History of the United States; Paragraph History of the American Revolution. Rob.

Abbott, Jacob. Me., 1803-1879. An educator of New England, who was a voluminous and popular writer for young people. Among his numerous writings the best known are The Franconia Stories; Marco Paul’s Adventures; The Rollo Books; Histories of Celebrated Sovereigns; Harper’s Story Books. See Bibliography of Maine. Cr. Har.

Abbott, John Stevens Cabot. Me., 1805-1877. Brother of Jacob Abbott, supra. An historical writer, whose partisan spirit seriously impairs the value of his very readable works. He was for some years a Congregational minister, but after 1844 devoted himself to literature and educational work. Among his works are comprised The Mother at Home; Practical Christianity; Romance of Spanish History; American Pioneers and Patriots; History of Napoleon; Napoleon at St. Helena; History of the French Revolution; History of the Civil War in America; Lives of the Presidents; History of Maine from its Discovery by Northmen; Christopher Carson; History of Napoleon III.; History of Frederick the Great; History of Christianity. See Bibliography of Maine. Do. Har.

Abbott, Lyman. Ms., 1835- ——. Son of Jacob Abbott, supra. A Congregational minister of broad views, who as editor of The Outlook and successor to H. W. Beecher as pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, has exercised a wide influence. Christianity and Social Problems; Jesus of Nazareth; Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Truths; Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament; A Layman’s Story; How to Study the Bible; Life of Christ; In Aid of Faith; The Evolution of Christianity; A Study in Human Nature; Dictionary of Religious Knowledge (with T. J. Conant, infra). Bar. Do. Dut. Fo. Har. Hou. Meth. Put.

Abeel, David. N. J., 1804-1846. A Reformed Dutch missionary in China. Journal of a Residence in China; A Missionary Convention at Jerusalem; The Claims of the World to the Gospel. See Memoirs by G. B. Williamson, 1849.

Abert [ā´bert], Silvanus Thayer. Pa., 1828- ——. A civil engineer in the United States service. Notes Historical and Statistical upon the Projected Route for an Interoceanic Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific.

Adams, Mrs. Abigail [Smith]. Ms., 1744-1818. Wife of President John Adams, infra. Known to literature by her entertaining Letters edited by her grandson.

Adams, Brooks. Ms., 1848- ——. Son of Charles Francis Adams, infra. A lawyer of Boston. The Gold Standard; The Emancipation of Massachusetts, a careful study of the evolution of religious freedom; The Law of Civilization and Decay, an Essay in History. See The Forum, January, 1897. Hou. Mac.

Adams, Charles. N. H., 1808-1890. A Methodist clergyman who wrote extensively, and among whose works are Evangelism in the Middle of the 19th Century; Women of the Bible; The Poet Preacher, a Memorial of Charles Wesley; The Earth and its Wonders; Life of Cromwell; Life Sketches of Macaulay. Meth.

Adams, Charles Baker. Ms., 1814-1853. A naturalist, who published Contributions to Conchology; Monographs of Several Species of Shells.

Adams, Charles Coffin. 182- -1888. An Episcopal clergyman. Creation, a Recent Work of God; Life of Christ; Anthrosophy; The Bible, a Scientific Revelation.

Adams, Charles Follen. Ms., 1842- ——. A humourous verse-writer of Boston, principally known as the author of Leedle Yawcob Strauss. Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems; Dialect Ballads. Har. Le.

Adams, Charles Francis. Ms., 1807-1886. Son of President John Quincy Adams, infra. An eminent diplomatist, who was Minister to England during the period of the Civil War. He edited The Life and Works of John Adams; Letters of Mrs. Abigail Adams; Life and Works of John Q. Adams; Familiar Letters of John and Abigail Adams, with Memoir of Mrs. Adams. See Life by his son, C. F. Adams, infra. Hou.

Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. Ms., 1835- ——. Son of C. F. Adams, supra. An officer in the Union army during the Civil War, and subsequently an expert in railway science and president of the Union Pacific Railway. Since resigning that office he has devoted his attention to historical writing, his estimates of men and motives often differing materially from those of other writers in the same field. Notes on Railway Accidents; Chapters of Erie; Railroads; A College Fetich; Massachusetts, its Historians and its History; Three Episodes of Massachusetts History; Richard Henry Dana [infra], a Biography; Life of Charles Francis Adams. Hou. Le. Put.

Adams, Charles Kendall. Vt., 1835-1902. The president of Wisconsin University and formerly of Cornell University. Manual of Historical Literature; Democracy and Monarchy in France; Christopher Columbus. Har.

Adams, Francis Colburn. Circa 1850. A writer of Charleston, South Carolina, who wrote under various pseudonyms. Manuel Pereira, or the Sovereign Rule of South Carolina; Uncle Tom at Home; Our World, or the Democrats’ Rule; Justice in the Byways; Life and Adventures of Major Potter; An Outcast, a novel; The Story of a Trooper; Siege of Washington, for Little People; The Von Toodleburgs, or the Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family.

Adams, George Burton. Vt., 1851- ——. An historical writer, professor of history at Yale University. Civilization during the Middle Ages; The Growth of the French Nation. Fl. Scr.

Adams, Hannah. Ms., 1755-1832. An industrious and painstaking writer on religious and historical subjects, whose chief claim to distinction at present is that she was the first woman in America who made literature a profession. A View of Religious Opinions; History of New England; History of the Jews; Evidences of Christianity. See Memoir by herself, with additions by another hand, 1832.

Adams, Henry. Ms., 1838- ——. Son of Charles Francis Adams, supra. An historian and political biographer, living in Washington. Life of John Randolph; Life of Albert Gallatin; History of the United States, 1801-17; Historical Essays; Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law. Hou. Lip. Scr.

Adams, Henry Carter. Ia., 1852- ——. A political economist of note. Public Debts: an Essay in the Science of Finance; Taxation in the United States, 1789-1816. Ap.

Adams, Herbert Baxter. Ms., 1850-1901. A professor of history at Johns Hopkins University, and the secretary of the American Historical Association from its beginning. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns; Saxon Tithingmen in America; Norman Constables in America; Village Communities of Cape Ann and Salem; Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia; Methods of Historical Study; History of the United States Constitution. He edited the Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, infra. Hou.

Adams, Jasper. Ms., 1793-1841. An Episcopal clergyman, once noted as an educator at West Point, Charleston, and elsewhere, who published The Elements of Moral Philosophy.

Adams, John. N. S., 1704-1740. A clergyman of Newport and Philadelphia, much esteemed in his day as a poet. Poems on Several Occasions, a volume of his verses posthumously collected and printed, shows, however, no very especial marks of poetic talent.

Adams, John. Ms., 1735-1826. The second President of the United States, and a political writer of great ability and force. A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law, a work relating to the constitutional rights of New England; Thoughts on Government; Novanglus: a History of the Dispute with America from 1754 to 1774; Defence of the American Constitution; Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political History. See complete Works in 10 volumes, 1850-56. See, also, Lives by J. Q. and C. F. Adams, 1871; John Adams, by Morse, 1885; Histories of the United States, by Bancroft, McMaster, Henry Adams, and Schouler; Parker’s Historic Americans; Appleton’s American Biography.

Adams, John Coleman. Ms., 1849- ——. Son of J. G. Adams, infra. A Universalist clergyman and editor of New York city. Christian Types of Heroism; The Fatherhood of God; The Leisure of God and Other Studies in Spiritual Evolution.

Adams, John Greenleaf. N. H., 1810-1887. A Universalist clergyman, among whose writings the chief are The Universalist Church, its Faith and its Works; Universalism of the Lord’s Prayer; Talks About the Bible to Young Folks; Fifty Notable Years, or Views of the Ministry of Universalism.

Adams, John Quincy. Ms., 1767-1848. Son of President John Adams, supra. The sixth President of the United States, and a statesman whose writings, though mainly political in their character, include several purely literary works. Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory; The Bible and its Teachings; Poems of Religion and Society; Letters on Freemasonry; Lives of Celebrated Statesmen, and many State Papers. See Complete Works, edited by C. F. Adams, with Life; also Diary of; Lives by Seward, Quincy, Morse; Histories of the United States by Bancroft, McMaster, Schouler. Lip.

Adams, John Turvill. B. G., 1805-1882. A lawyer of Norwich, Connecticut. The Knight of the Golden Melice, an historical tale; The Lost Hunter.

Adams, Julius Walker. Ms., 1812-1899. An engineer of distinction, who was employed in many important engineering works. Sewers and Drains for Populous Districts.

Adams, Myron. N. Y., 1841-1895. A Congregational clergyman of Rochester, New York, from 1876 until his death. The Creation of the Bible; The Continuous Creation, an Application of the Evolutionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion. Hou.

Adams, Nehemiah. Ms., 1806-1878. A once noted Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose most famous work, A South Side View of Slavery, provoked much hostile criticism. Among other works by him are Walks to Emmaus; Scriptural Argument for Endless Punishment; Remarks on Unitarian Belief; Life of John Eliot; Agnes and the Little Key; Evenings with the Doctrines.

Adams, Robert Chamblet. Ms., 1839- ——. Son of Nehemiah Adams, supra. History of England in Rhyme; History of the United States in Rhyme; On Board the Rocket; Aids to Endeavour, Evolution, a Summary of Evidence; Travels in Faith from Tradition to Reason; Pioneer Pith. Lo.

Adams, Samuel. Ms., 1722-1803. Cousin of President John Adams, supra. A statesman and orator who fills a large place in the annals of the American Revolution. See Lives by Wells, Hosmer, 1885; Harper’s Magazine, vol. 53.

Adams, William. Ct., 1807-1880. A Presbyterian clergyman of prominence in New York city, 1835-80. The Three Gardens: Eden, Gethsemane, Paradise; Conversations of Jesus Christ with Representative Men; In the World, not of the World; Thanksgiving, Memories of the Day and Helps to the Habit.

Adams, William. I., 1813-1897. An Episcopal clergyman who was one of the founders of Nashotah Theological Seminary, Wisconsin, and professor of systematic divinity there from 1841. Mercy to Babes; Elements of Christian Science; New Treatise of Baptismal Regeneration.

Adams, William Taylor, “Oliver Optic.” Ms., 1822-1897. A prolific and popular writer of books for boys, who was for many years a teacher in the Boston public schools. Among his writings are Army and Navy Series; Young America Abroad Series; Lake Shore Series; Starry Flag Series. Le.

Ade, George. Il., 1866- ——. A Chicago journalist. Artie: a Story of the Streets and Town. S.

Adeler, Max. See Clark, C. H.

Adler, Felix. G., 1851- ——. An ethical reformer of New York city. Creed and Deed; The Moral Instruction of Children. Ap. Put.

Adler, Georg. G., 1821-1868. A philologist of New York city who was the author of a valuable German and English Dictionary and other educational works. Ap.

Agassiz [ag´a-see or ä-gäs-se´], Alexander. Sd., 1835- ——. Son of L. Agassiz, infra. Marine zoölogist. Born in Neuchatel, he came to America with his father, and has distinguished himself in lines of special scientific research. Exploration of Lake Titicaca; List of the Echinoderms; Three Cruises of the Blake: a Contribution to American Thalassography. Hou.

Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth [Cary]. Ms., 1822- ——. Wife of L. Agassiz, infra. Life of Louis Agassiz; Seaside Studies in Natural History (with A. Agassiz, supra).

Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe. Sd., 1807-1873. A naturalist of eminence. Founder of the Museum of Natural History at Cambridge. Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles; Lake Superior, Natural History of Fresh-Water Fishes of Central Europe; Etudes sur les Glaciers; Système Glacière; Methods of Study in Natural History; Geological Sketches; Structure of Animal Life; Journey in Brazil. See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Louis Agassiz and Evolution, Popular Science Monthly, vol. 32; Lives by Mrs. E. Agassiz, Holder, 1892, Jules Marcou, 1896; Lowell’s ode, Agassiz.

Agnew, David Hayes. Pa., 1810-1892. A physician who was for a long time professor of surgery in the University of Pennsylvania. His writings were the outcome of wide experience. Handbook of Practical Anatomy; Principles and Practice of Surgery: a treatise on Surgical Diseases and Injuries. See Life of, by J. H. Adams, 1892. Lip.

Aikman, William. N. Y., 1824- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman. The Moral Power of the Sea; Life at Home, or the Family and its Members; The Altar in the Home; A Bachelor’s Talks about Married Life.

Aimwell, Walter. See Simonds.

Ainslie, Hew. S., 1792-1878. A Scottish poet who emigrated to America in 1822 and lived mainly in Kentucky. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, a prose work with lyrics interspersed; Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems.

Akers, Elizabeth. See Allen, Mrs.

Albee, John. Ms., 1833- ——. Formerly a clergyman; now living at Chocorua, New Hampshire. Literary Art; St. Aspenquid: an Indian Idyl; Prose Idyls. Hou. Put.

Alcott [awl´kot], Amos Bronson. Ct., 1799-1888. A philosopher of a singularly unpractical type, whose personality was of greater interest than his writings. Conversations with Children on the Gospels; Table Talk, Emerson; Essays; Tablets, Concord Days, Sonnets, and Canzonets; New Connecticut: a poem. See Miss E. P. Peabody’s Records of a School; Life, by F. B. Sanborn and W. T. Harris, 1893. Rob.

Alcott, Louisa May. Pa., 1832-1888. Daughter of A. B. Alcott, supra. A writer whose books for young people have been widely popular. They cannot, however, claim consideration as examples of literary art. Among them are Little Women; Little Men; An Old-Fashioned Girl; Eight Cousins; Under the Lilacs. Moods; Hospital Sketches; A Modern Mephistopheles, are works for older readers. The thoughtful poem, Thoreau’s Flute, is her finest effort. See Life, Letters, and Journals, edited by Mrs. Cheney; Recollections of, by Mrs. M. S. Porter, 1893. Rob.

Alcott, William Andrus. Ct., 1798-1859. Cousin of A. B. Alcott, supra. An energetic, earnest writer upon diet reform. The House I Live in; Vegetable Diet; Library of Health.

Alden [awl´den], Henry Mills. Vt., 1836- ——. A thoughtful and suggestive writer on religious themes who has been editor of Harper’s Magazine from 1869. God in his World; A Study of Death. Har.

Alden, Mrs. Isabella [Macdonald]. “Pansy.” N. Y., 1841- ——. A very prolific writer of religious tales for young people, the literary worth of which is inconsiderable. Four Girls at Chautauqua; Chautauqua Girls at Home, are among the earlier ones. Lo.

Alden, Joseph. N. Y., 1807-1885. An industrious contributor to educational and Sunday-school literature. He was for many years president of the Normal School at Albany. Example of Washington; Citizen’s Manual; Christian Ethics; The Science of Government; Studies in Bryant; Elements of Intellectual Philosophy. Ap. Le. Meth.

Alden, William Livingston. Ms., 1837- ——. Son of J. Alden, supra. A humourous writer who has for some time resided in London. A New Robinson Crusoe; Domestic Explosions; Shooting Stars; Moral Pirates; Cruise of the Canoe Club; Life of Christopher Columbus. Har. Ho. Put.

Aldrich [awl´dritch], Annie Reeve. N. Y., 1866-1892. A New York city writer of notably erotic verse and fiction. The Rose of Flame and Other Poems of Love; Songs about Life, Love, and Death; The Feet of Love: a novel. Put.

Aldrich, James. N. Y., 1810-1866. A littérateur of New York, who established The Literary Gazette in 1840, in which a number of his verses appeared. His Poems were privately printed by his daughter in 1884.

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. N. H., 1837- ——. A poet and novelist whose work in both verse and prose is distinguished for grace of expression and delicacy of execution. Verse: The Bells; Ballad of Baby Bell; Pampinea; Flower and Thorn; Cloth of Gold; Friar Jerome’s Beautiful Book; XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets; The Sisters’ Tragedy; Wyndham Towers; Unguarded Gates; Mercedes and Later Lyrics; Judith and Holofernes. Prose: Prudence Palfrey; The Queen of Sheba; The Stillwater Tragedy; Marjorie Daw and Other Stories; Two Bites at a Cherry, with Other Tales; The Story of a Bad Boy; An Old Town by the Sea: a description of Portsmouth, the author’s birthplace; From Ponkapog to Pesth: Travel Sketches; Ponkapog Papers. See Stedman’s Poets of America; Vedder’s American Writers. Hou.

Alexander, Archibald. Va., 1772-1851. A Presbyterian clergyman who was professor at Princeton Theological Seminary 1812-51. Evidences of Christianity; The Canon of Scripture; Moral Science; Bible Dictionary, are some of his many works. See Life, by J. W. Alexander; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit. Scr.

Alexander, Caleb. N. Y., 1775-1828. A clergyman, much of whose life was spent in teaching at Onondaga, New York. He published Latin and English grammars; Essay on the Deity of Christ; The Columbian Dictionary; Grammar Elements: a literal prose version of Virgil.

Alexander, James Waddel. Va., 1804-1859. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city. Plain Words to a Young Communicant; Sacramental Discourses; Thoughts on Preaching; Life of Archibald Alexander; Consolation; The American Mechanic and Workingman, are among his writings. Ran. Scr.

Alexander, John Henry. Md., 1812-1867. A once noted Maryland scientist. History of the Metallurgy of Iron; Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern; International Tonnage; Treatise of Mathematical Instruments; Introits; Catena Dominica: a collection of religious poems.

Alexander, Joseph Addison. Pa., 1809-1860. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman, professor at Princeton College, and Theological Seminary, 1820-60. He was the author of Commentaries on the Psalms, Isaiah, Acts, Matthew, and Mark; and many theological reviews, often as sarcastic as they were forcible. See Life, by H. C. Alexander; Hart’s American Literature. Scr.

Alexander, Samuel Davies. N. J., 1819-1894. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city from 1855. Princeton College in the 18th Century. Scr.

Alexander, Stephen. N. Y., 1806-1883. An astronomer who was a professor at Princeton College, 1834-78. Physical Phenomena of Solar Eclipses; Certain Harmonies of the Solar System.

Alger [ă´jẽr], Horatio, Jr. Ms., 1832-1899. The author of a long series of popular juvenile tales, among which the Ragged Dick stories are best known. Co.

Alger, William Rounseville. Ms., 1822- ——. A Unitarian clergyman and lecturer of Boston. Symbolic History of the Cross; The School of Life; History of the Doctrine of a Future Life; The Solitudes of Nature and Man; The Friendships of Women; Poetry of the Orient; Life of Edwin Forrest. A. U. A. Lip. Rob.

Alice, Aunt. See Graves, Mrs.

Alice, Cousin. See Haven, Mrs.

Allan, William. Va., 1837-1889. A lieutenant-colonel in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Battlefields of Virginia; Jackson’s Valley Campaign; Army of Northern Virginia. Hou. Lip.

Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold. Ms., 1841- ——. An Episcopal clergyman, prominent among leaders of modern religious thought, and a professor in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge. The Continuity of Christian Thought: a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History; Life of Jonathan Edwards; The Greek Theology and the Renaissance of the 19th Century; Religious Progress. Hou.

Allen, Mrs. Elizabeth Ann [Chase] [Akers], “Florence Percy.” Me. 1832- ——. A writer of verse, whose song, “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother,” is her most famous though not her best poem. The Triangular Society; Queen Catharine’s Rose; Forest Buds; Poems by Florence Percy; The Silver Bridge; The High Top Sweeting. Hou. Scr.

Allen, Frederick De Forest. O., 1844-1897. A professor of classical philology at Harvard University from 1880. Remnants of Early Latin; Greek Versification in Inscriptions.

Allen, Fred Hovey. N. H., 1845- ——. A clergyman, author of the text of a number of popular art works, such as Great Cathedrals of the World; Modern German Masters; Recent German Art; Famous Paintings; Grand Modern Paintings; Glimpses of Parisian Art; History of the Reformation.

Allen, Harrison. Pa., 1841-1897. A surgeon of Philadelphia, professor in the University of Pennsylvania from 1865. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy; System of Human Anatomy. Lip.

Allen, Ira. Ct., 1751-1814. An officer in the American army during the Revolutionary War, who was afterwards instrumental in settling the disputes between Vermont and its neighbours. Natural and Political History of Vermont.

Allen, James Lane. Ky., 1849- ——. At one time a teacher, now devoted to literature. A writer of short stories, notable for literary excellence. Flute and Violin; The Blue Grass Region and Other Sketches of Kentucky; John Gray: a Novel; The Kentucky Cardinal; Aftermath; A Summer in Arcady; The Choir Invisible; The Reign of Law; Two Gentlemen of Kentucky. Har. Lip. Mac.

Allen, Jerome. Vt., 1830-1894. An educator of New York, dean of the School of Pedagogy. Handbook of Experimental Chemistry; Methods for Teachers in Grammar; Mind Studies for Young Teachers; Temperament in Education.

Allen, Joel Asaph. Ms., 1838- ——. A naturalist who since 1885 has been curator of ornithology and mammalogy in the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. History of North American Pinnipeds; Monographs of North American Rodentia (with E. Coues, infra).

Allen, Joseph Henry. Ms., 1820-1898. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, who is also noted as the author of a number of valuable and popular classical text-books. Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy; Hebrew Men and Times; Christian History in Three Great Periods; Fragments of Christian History; Historical Sketch of the Unitarian Movement since the Reformation; Our Liberal Movement in Theology; Outline of Christian History, A. D. 50-1880; are some of his religious works. El. Gi. Rob.

Allen’s Wife, Josiah. See Holley.

Allen, Lewis Falley. Ms., 1800-1890. A once prominent cattle broker. Rural Architecture; The American Herd Book; American Cattle.

Allen, Nathan. Ms., 1813-1889. A physician of Lowell. The Law of Human Increase; The Opium Trade; Physical Development.

Allen, Paul. R. I., 1775-1826. A journalist of Philadelphia. Poems: Noah, a poem in five cantos; Life of Alexander I.; Lewis and Clark’s Novels. The Life of Washington, which bears his name, was written by John Neal, infra, and others.

Allen, Richard Lamb. Ms., 1803-1869. Brother of L. F. Allen, supra, with whom, in 1842, he founded the American Agriculturalist. Domestic Animals; Diseases of Domestic Animals; New American Farm Book (with L. F. Allen). See Last Letters of, with Memoir.

Allen, Stephen Merrill. N. H., 1819-1894. A banker and merchant of Boston. Fibrilia and Fibrous Manufactures, Ancient and Modern; Theories of Light; Religion and Science.

Allen, Timothy Field. Vt., 1837-1902. A physician of New York city, dean of the Homœopathic Medical College from 1882. Characeæ Americanæ; General Symptom-Register of Homœopathic Materia Medica. He has edited Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica.

Allen, William. Ms., 1784-1868. The author of an American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, the first edition of which appeared in 1809, the earliest work of the kind in the United States. From 1820 to 1829 he was president of Bowdoin College. Lectures to Young Men; Junius Unmasked; Wunissoo: a poem, with notes.

Allen, William Francis. Ms., 1830-1889. Brother of J. H. Allen, supra. A professor in the University of Wisconsin. He published Outline Studies in the History of Ireland; Monographs and Essays; and edited a collection of Slave Songs.

Allen, Willis Boyd. Me., 1855- ——. A Boston littérateur whose writings are popular with juvenile readers. Among them are The Red Mountain of Alaska; Pine Cones; Silver Rags; Kelp; The Mammoth Hunters. He has published In the Morning, a collection of verse. Est. Lo. Ran.

Allen, Zachariah. R. I., 1795-1882. A noted inventor and manufacturer of Providence. Practical Tourist; Practical Mechanics; Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature; Solar Light and Heat. See Memorial by A. Perry, 1883. Ap.

Allerton, Mrs. Ellen [Palmer]. N. Y., 1835-1893. A Kansas writer living at Padonia in that State. Poems of the Prairies.

Allibone, Samuel Austin. Pa., 1816-1889. A Philadelphia author widely known by his Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, a work of immense labour and research. It is of great value as a work of reference, but is not an infallible guide, and is more or less marred by trivial comment and moralizing. See Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. 15, 1891. Lip.

Allmond, Marcus Blakey. Va., 1851- ——. An educator of Louisville who has published Estelle, an Idyl of Old Virginia, a volume of verse; Agricola, an Eastern Idyl; Outlines of Latin Syntax.

Allston [awl´ston], Robert Francis Withers. S. C., 1801-1864. A South Carolina statesman well known at one time as an agricultural reformer. Memoir on Rice; Essay on Sea Coast Crops; Report on Public Schools.

Allston, Washington. S. C., 1779-1843. A once famous artist of Cambridge who was also known as a poet and romancer. Sylphs of the Seasons and Other Poems; The Romance of Monaldi; Lectures on Art. See Tuckerman’s Book of the Artists; Life and Letters, edited by J. Flagg, 1892.

Alsop [awl´sop], Richard. Ct., 1761-1815. A once noted political satirist, chief of the “Hartford Wits,” who wrote The Echo, a series of metrical parodies upon current publications, orations, state papers, and the like. Other works by Alsop are The Charms of Fancy; A Monody on the Death of Washington; The Enchanted Lake of the Fairy Morgana.

Alvord [awl´vord], Benjamin. Vt., 1813-1884. A United States officer who served in the Mexican and Civil wars. Tangencies of Circles and Spheres; Interpretation of Imaginary Roots in Questions of Maxima and Minima.

Ames, Charles Gordon. Ms., 1828- ——. A Unitarian clergyman who became pastor of the Church of the Disciples in Boston on the death of J. F. Clarke, infra. George Eliot’s Two Marriages; As Natural as Life: Studies of the Inner Kingdom.

Ames, Mrs. Eleanor Maria [Easterbrook], “Eleanor Kirk.” 1830- ——. A littérateur of Brooklyn. Up Broadway and Its Sequel; Information for Authors; Perpetual Youth.

Ames, Fisher. Ms., 1758-1808. Son of N. Ames, infra. A statesman whose speeches are marked examples of condensed effective statement as well as of felicitous expression. Laocoon and Other Essays. See Works of, with Memoir, 1854; Magoon’s Orators of the American Revolution.

Ames, Lucia True. N. H., 1856- ——. A Boston writer who has published Great Thoughts for Little Thinkers; Memoirs of a Millionaire, a novel. Hou. Put.

Ames, Mary Clemmer. See Hudson, Mrs.

Ames, Nathaniel. Ms., 1708-1764. A physician of Dedham, Massachusetts, who published, 1725-64, an Astronomical Diary and Almanac which contained much shrewd humour and original philosophy and was widely popular. See Tyler’s American Literatures; Essays, Humour and Poems of Nathaniel Ames, father and son, edited by S. Briggs, 1891.

Ammen, Daniel. O., 1820-1898. A rear-admiral of the United States navy, the designer of the Ammen life raft. The Atlantic Coast; Country Homes and their Improvement; The Old Navy and the New. Lip. Scr.

Amory, Thomas Coffin. Ms., 1812-1889. A lawyer of Boston. Life of James Sullivan, Governor of Massachusetts; Military Services of Major-General John Sullivan; Life of Sir Isaac Coffin.

Anagnos, Mrs. Julia Romana [Howe]. 1844-1886. Daughter of Dr. S. G. and Julia Ward Howe, infra, and wife of M. Anagnos, the Superintendent of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. Stray Chords, a volume of verse; Philosophiæ Questor.

Anderson, Alexander. N. Y., 1775-1870. The first wood-engraver in the United States. He was the author of an illustrated General History of Quadrupeds.

Anderson, John Jacob. N. Y., 1821- ——. An educator of New York city who prepared a number of historical text books, among which are A History of France; Common School History of the United States. My.

Anderson, Mary. See Navarro.

Anderson, Rasmus Björn. Wis., 1846- ——. A Norse scholar of Norwegian descent who has translated Björnson’s novels and written much in relation to Norse mythology. America not Discovered by Columbus; Norse Mythology; Viking Tales of the North; The Younger Edda; The Elder Edda. Sc.

Anderson, Rufus. Me., 1796-1880. A clergyman, who was secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions, 1824-74. Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims; History of the American Board’s Missions in the Sandwich Islands, Turkey and India, Peloponnesus and Greek Islands. C. P. S.

Andrew, James Osgood. Ga., 1794-1871. A bishop of the Methodist Church South. Family Government; Miscellanies.

Andrews, Christopher Columbus. N. H., 1829- ——. A brevet major-general in the United States army, who was minister to Sweden 1869-77, and consul-general to Brazil 1882-85. Minnesota and Dakota (1857); Practical Treatise on the Revenue Laws of the United States; Hints to Company Officers on their Military Duties; History of the Campaign of Mobile; Digests of the Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the United States; Brazil, its Condition and Prospects (1887), third enlarged edition (1895). Ap.

Andrews, Elisha Benjamin. N. H., 1844- ——. A prominent educator, president of Brown University. Institutes of General History; Institutes of Economics; Brief Institutes of our Economical History; An Honest Dollar; Eternal Words and Other Sermons; History of the United States; Wealth and Moral Law; History of the Last Quarter Century in the United States, 1870-95. Gi. Scr. Sil.

Andrews, Eliza Frances. Ga., 1840- ——. An educator of Macon, Georgia, whose writing is mainly in the line of fiction. A Mere Adventurer; A Family Secret; How he was Tempted; Prince Hal.

Andrews, Ethan Allen. Ct., 1787-1858. An educator who was at one time professor of ancient languages in the University of North Carolina. Beside a Latin-English Dictionary, he published a valuable series of classical text-books. Hou.

Andrews, Israel Ward. Ct., 1815-1888. President of Marietta College. His only published work of importance is a Manual of the Constitution of the United States. Va.

Andrews, Jane. Ms., 1833-1887. A writer of Newburyport whose books for children have long been deservedly popular. Seven Little Sisters who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air; The Seven Little Sisters Prove their Sisterhood; The Stories Mother Nature Told; Ten Boys who Lived on the Road from Long Ago to Now; Only a Year and what it Brought. Gi.

Andrews, Samuel James. Ct., 1817- ——. Brother of I. W. Andrews, supra. An Irvingite clergyman of Hartford, Connecticut. The Life of Our Lord upon Earth; God’s Revelations of Himself to Men. Scr.

Andrews, Sidney. 1837-1880. A Boston journalist. The Art of Flying; The South since the War.

Andrews, Stephen Pearl. Ms., 1812-1886. An eccentric writer of New York city, the originator of phonographic reporting and at one period prominent as an abolitionist. Among his many and varied works are Basic Outline of Universalogy, in which he advocated the adoption of a universal language called Alwato; Discourses in Chinese; Comparison of Common Law with Roman, French, or Spanish Law on Entails and Other Limited Property; Love, Marriage and Divorce.

Angell, Henry Clay. R. I., 1829- ——. A professor of ophthalmology in Boston University. Diseases of the Eye; How to Take Care of our Eyes; Records of W. M. Hunt. Rob.

Angell, James Burrill. R. I., 1829- ——. President of Michigan University since 1871. Manual of French Literature; Progress in International Law.

Angell, Joseph Kinnicut. R. I., 1794-1857. A legal writer of Rhode Island, among whose works are Treatise on the Common Law of Watercourses; The Law of Tide Waters; The Limitation of Actions. Lit.

Anspach, Frederick Rinehart. Pa., 1815-1867. A Lutheran clergyman of Hagerstown, Maryland. Sons of the Sires; Sepulchres of Our Departed; The Two Pilgrims.

Anthon, Charles. N. Y., 1797-1867. A noted classical scholar, for many years professor of ancient languages at Columbia College. He was the author of some fifty classical text-books, including a Classical Dictionary. Har.

Anthon, John. Mch., 1784-1863. Brother of Charles Anthon, supra. A jurist of New York city. Essay on the Study of Law; Analysis of Blackstone; Nisi Prius Cases; American Precedents.

Appleton, Jesse. N. H., 1772-1819. A Congregational clergyman, president of Bowdoin College, 1807-19. Addresses; Lectures. His works, with Memoir by A. S. Packard, infra, appeared in 1837.

Appleton, John. 1804-1891. A former chief justice of Maine eminent as a legal reformer. The Rules of Evidence Stated and Discussed.

Appleton, John Howard. Me., 1844- ——. A professor of chemistry at Brown University since 1868. The Young Chemist; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; Chemistry of Non Metals. Sil.

Appleton, Thomas Gold. Ms., 1812-1884. An artist and littérateur of Boston. A Sheaf of Papers; A Nile Journal; Windfalls; Syrian Sunshine; Chequer-Work; Faded Leaves, a volume of verse. See Life and Letters, edited by Susan Hale, 1885. Rob.

Apthorp, William Foster. Ms., 1848- ——. A musical newspaper critic of Boston. Musicians and Music Lovers and Other Essays. He has translated Zola’s Jacques Damour. Cop. Scr.

Archibald, Andrew Webster. N. Y., 1851- ——. A Congregational clergyman of prominence in Iowa. The Bible Verified.

Archibald, Mrs. George. See Palmer, Mrs. Anna.

Arey, Mrs. Harriet Ellen [Grannis]. Vt., 1819- ——. An educator whose home is in Cleveland. Household Songs and Other Poems; Home and School Training. Lip.

Arkwright, Peleg. See Proudfit, D.

Armitage, Thomas. E., 1819-1896. A prominent Baptist clergyman of New York city. Jesus, his Self Introspection; Lectures on Preaching; History of the Baptists.

Armstrong, George Dodd. N. J., 1813-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Norfolk, Virginia. The Summer of the Pestilence; The Doctrine of Baptisms; The Christian Doctrine of Slavery; Theology of Christian Experience; The Sacraments of the New Testament; The Books of Nature and Revelation, a criticism of the theory of evolution. Fu.

Armstrong, John. Pa., 1758-1843. An officer of note in the American army at the time of the Revolution. He was the author of the first of the famous Newburg Letters, and in later life published Notes on the War of 1812; Treatise on Gardening; Treatise on Agriculture; Memoirs of Generals Montgomery and Wayne.

Arnold, Albert Nicholas. R. I., 1814-1883. A Baptist clergyman who held professorships in several Baptist seminaries successively. Pre-requisites to Communion; Evils of Infant Baptism; One Woman’s Mission.

Arnold, George. N. Y., 1834-1865. A journalist and poet of New York city, whose verse is musical without being especially strong. Drift and Other Poems; Poems Grave and Gay. See Biographical Sketch by W. Winter, infra. Hou.

Arnold, Isaac Newton. N. Y., 1815-1884. A prominent Chicago lawyer and politician, member of Congress, 1861-65. Life of Abraham Lincoln; Life of Benedict Arnold; Recollections of the Early Chicago and Illinois Bar. Mg.

Arnold, Lauren Briggs. N. Y., 1814-1888. An agriculturist of western New York who lectured frequently upon dairy husbandry and was the author of American Dairying.

Arnold, Samuel Greene. R. I., 1821-1880. A lawyer who was several times lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island. History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; Life of Patrick Henry. Pr.

Arp, Bill. See Smith, C. H.

Arr, E. H. See Rollins, Mrs. Ellen.

Arria. See Pugh, Mrs.

Arrington, Alfred W. N. C., 1810-1867. A prominent lawyer in the Southwest, and, later, in Chicago. The Rangers and Regulators of the Tanaha; Sketches of the Southwest; Poems (with Memoir), 1869.

Arthur, Timothy Shay. N. Y., 1809-1885. A prolific writer of moral tales, with much more excellence of intention than literary merit to recommend them, but which have enjoyed a very extensive popularity. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room; Six Nights with the Washingtonians; Tales of Married Life, are some of the best known. His life was nearly all spent in Philadelphia. Co. Lip. Pet.

Ashhurst, John. Pa., 1839-1900. A distinguished surgeon of Philadelphia. Injuries of the Spine; Principles and Practice of Surgery. He edited the International Encyclopædia of Surgery. Lip.

Astor, William Waldorf. N. Y., 1848- ——. A noted millionaire of New York city, minister to Italy, 1882-85, and more recently the proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette and Pall Mall Magazine in London. Valentino, an Historical Romance of the 16th Century in Italy; Sforza, a Story of Milan. Scr.

Atkinson, Edward. Ms., 1827- ——. A Boston reformer active in matters of diet and political economy. The Distribution of Products; Labor and Capital; Industrial Progress of the Nation; The Science of Nutrition; Margin of Profits; Taxation and Work. Put.

Atkinson, John. N. J., 1835-1897. A clergyman of prominence in the Methodist church. The Living Way; Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey; The Garden of Sorrows; The Class Leader; Centennial History of American Methodism. Meth.

Atkinson, William Parsons. Ms., 1820-1890. Brother of E. Atkinson, supra. A professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Right Use of Books; History and the Study of History; Classical and Scientific Studies. Rob.

Atwater, Horace Cowles. N. Y., 1819-1879. A clergyman of the Methodist Church South, who published Incidents of a Southern Tour (1857).

Atwater, Lyman Hotchkiss. Ct., 1813-1883. A professor of philosophy at Princeton College and long a noted contributor to the Princeton Review. He published a Manual of Elementary Logic. Lip.

Atwater, Wilbur Olin. N. Y., 1844- ——. A professor of chemistry at Wesleyan University since 1873. He has written extensively upon agricultural chemistry, and published Co-operative Experimenting as a Means of Studying the Effect of Fertilizers; Results of Field Experiments with Various Fertilizers.

Atwood, Anthony. N. J., 1801-1888. A Methodist clergyman, whose only published work is The Abiding Comforter.

Atwood, Isaac Morgan. N. Y., 1838- ——. A Universalist clergyman, president of the Theological Seminary at St. Lawrence University. Have we Outgrown Christianity; Glance at the Religious Progress of the United States; Latest Word of Universalism; Walks about Zion; Manual of Revelation.

Audubon, John James. La., 1780-1851. An ornithologist of eminence, whose entire life was devoted to the pursuit of his favorite study. Birds of America; Quadrupeds of North America; Ornithological Biography. See Audubon, the Naturalist, by Mrs. St. John; Journal of Life and Labours of Audubon.

Auringer, Obadiah Cyrus. N. Y., 1849- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York state, whose writings in verse include Scythe and Sword; The Heart of the Golden Roan; The Episode of Jane McCrea; The Book of the Hills. Lo.

Austen, Peter Townsend. N. Y., 1852- ——. A professor of chemistry at Rutgers College since 1877, who has contributed much to scientific journals, and published Chemical Lecture Notes; Organic Chemistry, from the German of Pinner. Wil.

Austin, Arthur Williams. Ms., 1807-1884. A lawyer of Boston. The Woman and the Queen, and Other Specimens of Verse, (1875).

Austin, Benjamin. Ms., 1752-1820. A Boston merchant, active as a political writer and an especially violent champion of democracy. Constitutional Republicanism is a collection of some of his contributions to the newspapers of his day.

Austin, Coe Finch. N. Y., 1831-1880. A botanist of Closter, New York, who published Musci Appalachani, a description of American mosses.

Austin, George Lowell. Ms., 1849-1893. A Boston physician whose miscellaneous writings include Perils of American Women, a Doctor’s Talk with Maiden, Wife, and Mother; Water-Analysis, a Handbook for Water-Drinkers; Under the Tide; Life of Franz Schubert; Popular History of Massachusetts; Life and Deeds of General Grant; Longfellow; Life of Wendell Phillips. Le.

Austin, Henry. Ms., 1858- ——. A lawyer of Boston, who has written The Law Concerning Farms; American Farm and Game Laws; American Fish and Game Laws; Liquor Law in New England.

Austin, Henry Willard. Ms., 1858- ——. A journalist and littérateur of Boston. Vagabond Verses.

Austin, James Trecothick. Ms., 1784-1870. A once prominent lawyer of Boston, who published a Life of Elbridge Gerry.

Austin, Mrs. Jane [Goodwin]. Ms., 1831-1894. A talented writer of historical fiction, much of whose life was spent in Boston. She was a careful student of colonial history, and will be long remembered for her series of romances relating to the Plymouth Pilgrims and their descendants. These include A Nameless Nobleman; Standish of Standish; Betty Alden: the First-Born Daughter of the Pilgrims; Dr. Le Baron and his Daughters; David Alden’s Daughter and Other Stories of Colonial Times. Other novels by her are Cipher; The Shadow of Moloch Mountain; Mrs. Beauchamp Brown; The Desmond Hundred; Dora Darling; Outpost. Nantucket Scraps is a volume of travel sketches; Moonfolk, a fairy tale. Hou. Le. Put. Rob.

Austin, Samuel. Ct., 1760-1830. A Congregational clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1790-1815, and afterwards president of the University of Vermont. Views of the Church; Theological Essays; Letters on Baptism.

Austin, William. Ms., 1778-1841. A Boston lawyer whose best claim to remembrance is that he was author of the famous sketch Peter Rugg: the Missing Man, which appeared in the New England Galaxy in 1824. It is a very remarkable imaginative study that in some respects anticipates the later work of Hawthorne. Other works of his are Letters from London (1804); The Human Character of Jesus Christ. See Literary Papers of, with Biographical Sketch, 1890. Lit.

Avery, Benjamin Parke. N. Y., 1829-1875. A Californian journalist who was appointed minister to China in 1874. Californian Pictures in Prose and Verse.

Ayres, Alfred. See Osmun.

Ayres, Anne. E., 1816-1896. The first member of an American sisterhood in the Protestant Episcopal Church, becoming a sister of the Holy Communion in 1845. Evangelical Sisterhoods; Life of W. H. Muhlenberg, infra.

Azarias, Brother. See Mullany.

B

Bache [baych], Alexander Dallas. Pa., 1806-1867. A scientist who was superintendent of the United States Court Survey, 1843-67. His annual reports to Congress are works of great value. See Commemorative Address by B. A. Gould, infra, 1868.

Bache, Franklin. Pa., 1792-1864. Cousin of A. D. Bache, supra, and like him a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, infra. A Philadelphia physician, professor of chemistry in Jefferson Medical College, 1841-64. A System of Chemistry for Students in Medicine; The Dispensatory of the United States (with G. B. Wood). See Memoir, by G. B. Wood, infra.

Bacheller, Irving. N. Y., 1859- ——. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. The Master of Silence, a romance; The Still House of O’Darrow; Eben Holden. Cas. Lo.

Bachman [bäk´man], John. N. Y., 1790-1874. A naturalist of Charleston, where he was pastor of a Lutheran church, 1815-74. He assisted Audubon, preparing the greater part of the text of The Quadrupeds of North America, and wrote several religious and scientific works. Two Letters on Heredity; Defence of Luther and the Reformation. See American Lutheran Biographies.

Backus, Isaac. Ct., 1724-1806. A Baptist clergyman of Rhode Island. A History of New England, with Particular Reference to the Baptists. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

Bacon, Delia Salter. O., 1811-1859. The earliest exponent of the Baconian theory of the authorship of Shakespeare. Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded; Tales of the Puritans; The Bride of Fort Edward: a Drama. See Hawthorne’s Recollections of a Gifted Woman; Mrs. Farrar’s Recollections of Seventy Years; Life, by Theodore Bacon; Saturday Review, vol. 67.

Bacon, Edwin Munroe. R. I., 1844- ——. A journalist of Boston. Dictionary of Boston; Boston of To-Day. Hou.

Bacon, Henry. Ms., 1839- ——. An artist who has lived principally in Paris. A Parisian Year; Parisian Art and Artists. Hou. Rob.

Bacon, Leonard. Mch., 1802-1881. Brother of D. S. Bacon, supra. The pastor of a Congregational church in New Haven, Connecticut, 1825-81, and a prominent figure in the denomination to which he belonged. Historical Discourses; Slavery Discussed in Occasional Essays; Genesis of the New England Churches; Christian Self-Culture. See Century Magazine, vol. 3. Har.

Bacon, Leonard Woolsey. Ct., 1830- ——. Son of L. Bacon, supra. A Congregational clergyman. A Life Worth Living; Church Papers; Sermons; The Simplicity that is in Christ. Fu.

Bacon, Thomas Scott. N. Y., 1825- ——. An Episcopal controversialist of Maryland. Both Sides of the Controversy between the Roman and Reformed Churches; The Reign of God and the Reign of Law; The Beginnings of Religion; Primitive Man in Christian Thought; It is Written; The Primitive and Catholic Doctrine as to Holy Scripture.

Badeau, Adam. N. Y., 1831-1895. A general in the United States army. The Vagabond; Military History of General Grant; Conspiracy: a Cuban Romance; Aristocracy in England; Grant in Peace: a Personal Memoir. Ap. Har.

Bagg, Lyman Hotchkiss. “Karl Kron.” Ms., 1846- ——. Four Years at Yale; Ten Thousand Miles on a Bicycle.

Bailey, James Montgomery. N. Y., 1841-1894. Widely known at one time as “The Danbury News Man.” A journalist of Danbury, Connecticut, who was among the earliest to exploit a kind of native humour chiefly concerned with local allusion and application. He has had many imitators whose methods have been much less legitimate than his. Life in Danbury; England from a Back Window; The Danbury Boom; Mr. Phillis’ Goneness; They All Do It. Le.

Bailey, Liberty Hyde. Mich., 1858- ——. A prominent horticulturist. American Grape Training; Crossbreeding and Hybridization; Field Notes on Apple Culture; Annals of Horticulture; The Horticulturist Rule-Book; The Nursery-Book: a Complete Guide to the Multiplication and Pollination of Plants; Talks Afield about Plants; Plant Breeding. Hou. Mac.

Bailey, Loring Woart. N. Y., 1839- ——. A professor of natural history in the University of New Brunswick. Mines and Minerals of New Brunswick; Geology of Southern New Brunswick; Elementary Natural History.

Bailey, William Whitman. N. Y., 1843- ——. Brother of L. W. Bailey, supra. A professor of botany at Brown University. New England Wild Flowers and Their Seasons; Among Rhode Island Wild Flowers; Botanical Collector’s Hand-Book. Pr.

Baird, Charles Washington. N. J., 1828-1887. Son of R. Baird, supra. A Presbyterian minister of Rye, New York. Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies; Book of Public Prayer; History of Rye; History of the Huguenot Emigration to America. Do.

Baird, Henry Carey. Pa., 1825- ——. Nephew of Henry Carey, infra, and a political economist holding similar views. Rights of American Producers and Wrongs of British Free Trade Revenue Reformers; Protection of Home Labour and Home Production necessary to the Protection of the American Farmer; Miscellaneous Papers on Economic Questions. Bai.

Baird, Henry Martyn. Pa., 1832- ——. Son of R. Baird, infra. Professor of Greek at the University of New York from 1859. An historian who is conscientious but not absolutely impartial. Life of Robert Baird; Modern Greece; Narrative of a Residence and Travels; History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France; The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre; The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Har. Ran. Scr.

Baird, Robert. Pa., 1798-1863. A Presbyterian clergyman, active in the cause of temperance and in promoting the extension of Protestantism in Europe. History of the Temperance Societies; View of Religion in America; History of the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Vaudois; Protestantism in Italy. See Life, by H. M. Baird. Har.

Baird, Samuel John. O., 1817-1893. A Presbyterian clergyman whose writings are chiefly concerned with the polity and history of the Presbyterian church. The Church of Christ: its Constitution and Order; History of the Early Polity of the Presbyterian Church in the Training of Ministers; The Socinian Apostasy of the English Presbyterian Church; History of the New School.

Baird, Spencer Fullerton. Pa., 1823-1887. A naturalist of prominence, who was from 1878 the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The translator and editor of the Iconographic Encyclopedia, co-author with J. Cassin of Birds of North America and Mammals of North America; editor Annual Record of Science and Industry from 1872-78. A History of North American Birds, written in collaboration with T. M. Brewer and R. Ridgway, is one of his most valuable works. See Popular Science Monthly, vol. 33. Har. Lip. Lit.

Baker, Abijah Richardson. Ms., 1805-1876. A Congregational clergyman of Lynn, Massachusetts. School History of the United States; The Catechism Tested by the Bible; Topics in Christ’s Sermon on the Mount.

Baker, George Augustus. N. Y., 1849- ——. A lawyer of New York. Point Lace and Diamonds, a collection of sparkling society verse; The Bad Habits of Good Society; Mrs. Hephaestus and Other Short Stories; West Point: a Comedy. Sto.

Baker, George Melville. Me., 1832-1890. The author and compiler of Amateur Dramas, the Social Stage, and works of like character. Le.

Baker, George Pierce. R. I., 1866- ——. An instructor at Harvard University. Plot Book of Elizabethan Plays; Principles of Argumentation. Gi. Ho.

Baker, Mrs. Harriette Newell [Woods]. “Madeline Leslie.” Ms., 1815-1893. Wife of A. R. Baker, supra, and daughter of Leonard Woods, infra. Beside two novels,—Cora and the Doctor, The Courtesies of Wedded Life,—her writings include nearly two hundred moral and religious tales, among which Tim the Scissors Grinder is the best known.

Baker, Mrs. Julia Keim [Wetherill]. Mi., 1858- ——. A journalist of New Orleans. Wings: a Novel.

Baker, William Mumford. D. C., 1825-1883. A popular novelist who was a Presbyterian clergyman in the Southwest until 1870, and afterwards the pastor of a church in Boston. He was a vigourous writer of considerable originality, whose earlier works possess historic interest as pictures of a now past stage of civilization in the Southern States. Inside: a Chronicle of Secession; The Virginians in Texas; Oak Mot; The New Timothy; Mose Evans; His Majesty Myself; Blessed St. Certainty; Thirlmore; Carter Quarterman; A Year Worth Living; Colonel Dunwoddie: Millionaire; The Making of a Man; The Ten Theophanies: the Manifestations of Christ before his Birth in Bethlehem; John Westacott, a juvenile tale. Har. Le. Ran. Rob.

Balch, William Stevens. Vt., 1806-1887. A Universalist clergyman, long resident at Elgin, Illinois, and author of Lectures on Language; Grammar of the English Language; Ireland as I Saw It; A Peculiar People.

Baldwin, James Mark. S. C., 1861- ——. A professor of psychology at Princeton University since 1893. Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental Development in the Child and Man; a translation of Ribot’s “German Psychology of To-Day.” Ho. Mac.

Baldwin, John Denison. Ct., 1809-1883. A journalist of Worcester, Massachusetts. Raymond Hill, a Poem; Pre-Historic Nations; Ancient America. Har.

Baldwin, Joseph G. Va., 1811-1864. A once popular humourous writer who was a jurist of prominence in Alabama and afterwards of California, of which State he became chief justice. Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi; Party Leaders, able papers on Southern statesmen.

Baldwin, Mrs. Lydia Wood. Ms., 1836- ——. Rubina; A Yankee School-Teacher in Virginia. Fu.

Balestier, Charles Wolcott. 1861-1891. An American writer who established himself as a publisher in London, and whose sister was married to Rudyard Kipling the novelist. A Fair Device; Life of Blaine; A Victorious Defeat; Benefits Forgot; The Naulahka (with Rudyard Kipling); A Common Story. See Century Magazine, April, 1892. Ap. Har.

Ballou, Adin. R. I., 1803-1890. A Universalist clergyman of Milford, Massachusetts. Christian Non-Resistance Defended; Treatise on Spirit Manifestations; Primitive Christianity and its Corruptions; History of the Town of Milford. See New England Magazine, April, 1891.

Ballou, Hosea. N. H., 1771-1852. A Universalist theologian of note in New England, and one of the founders of American Universalism. With his son he established the Universalist Quarterly. Treatise on Atonement; Notes on the Parables; An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution. See Lives, by M. M. Ballou; Whittemore, 1854; Safford, 1889. See Universalist Review, vol. 41.

Ballou, Hosea. Vt., 1796-1861. Nephew of H. Ballou, supra. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of Tufts College, 1854-61. Ancient History of Universalism.

Ballou, Maturin Murray. Ms., 1820-1895. Son of H. Ballou, 2nd. The founder and editor of several periodicals in Boston which bore his name, and, in his later years, a traveler to all parts of the world. History of Cuba; Life of Hosea Ballou; Due West, or Round the World in Ten Months; Due South, or Cuba Past and Present; Due North: Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia; Under the Southern Cross: Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.; Alaska: The New Eldorado; Aztec Land; The Story of Malta; The Pearl of India, a description of Ceylon; Equatorial America, a description of visits to the Lesser Antilles and to South American capitals; Footprints of Travel. Gi. Hou.

Ballou, Moses. Ms., 1811-1879. A nephew of H. Ballou, 1st, and, like him, a Universalist clergyman. The Divine Character Vindicated.

Bancroft, Aaron. Ms., 1755-1839. A Unitarian clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1785-1839, who was prominent in the earlier days of the Unitarian movement as a writer in its behalf. Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel; A Life of Washington. Co.

Bancroft, Edward. Ms., 1744-1821. A physician who resided chiefly in London, where he was supposed to have been a spy of the English Government during the American Revolution. Natural History of Guiana; Researches concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colors; Charles Wentworth: a Novel; and several political works.

Bancroft, George. Ms., 1800-1891. Son of A. Bancroft, supra. An eminent historian who was United States minister to England, 1846-49, and to Prussia and Germany, 1867-74. He was inclined to view history from the philosophic standpoint, and his political experiences gave him insight into motives. In his estimates of men he made smaller allowance for the relative values of the testimony of different periods than is now customary among historians. He paid much attention to style, but sometimes erred in regard to over-ornament. His manner, however, where not laboured, is attractive and often dramatic. The first volume of The History of the United States appeared in 1834, the second in 1837, the third in 1840, and the succeeding ones 1852-74. A revised edition was issued in 1876, while volumes 11 and 12 of the first edition were published in 1882 as The History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States. The latest revised edition was printed 1884-85. Minor works include Martin Van Buren to the End of his Public Career; Literary and Historical Miscellanies; Memorial Address on Abraham Lincoln; A Plea for the Constitution of the United States wounded in the House of its Guardians. See Annual Cyclopedia, 1891; Century Magazine, vol. 11; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 100-110. Ap. Har.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. O., 1832- ——. An historical writer whose works, exceedingly comprehensive in their scope, were prepared with the assistance of a number of collaborateurs. The Native Races of the Pacific States, 5 volumes; History of the Pacific States of North America, including Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon, British Columbia, 39 volumes; The Early American Chroniclers; Popular History of the Mexican People; Literary Industries. See Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 152-156. Ap. Har.

Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse. Sd., 1830- ——. An archæologist of Swiss birth, whose life has been chiefly spent in the United States. The Art of War and Mode of Warfare; Tenure of Land and Inheritances of the Ancient Mexicans; Historical Introduction to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico; Archæological Tour in Mexico in 1881; The Delight Makers, a novel of Pueblo Indian Life. Ap. Do.

Bangs, John Kendrick. N. Y., 1862- ——. A humourous writer of Yonkers, New York, and one of the founders of “Life.” Three Weeks in Politics; Coffee and Repartee; The Idiot; The Water Ghost; Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica; A House Boat on the Styx; The Bicyclers and Other Farces; Toppleton’s Client; A Rebellious Heroine. Har.

Bangs, Nathan. Ct., 1778-1862. An active Methodist theologian and controversialist, very prominent in the literary history of his church and a most prolific writer. Among his works are comprised History of the Methodist Episcopal Church to 1840; Errors of Hopkinsianism; Life of Arminius; Letters to a Young Preacher; Letters on Sanctification; Methodist Episcopacy. See Life and Times of, by Abel Stevens. Meth.

Banks, Louis Albert. Or., 1855- ——. A prominent Methodist clergyman. The Saloon Keeper’s Ledger, a series of Temperance Discourses; The Fisherman and his Friends; Common Folks’ Religion; Revival Quiver, a Record of Revival Campaigns; The People’s Christ; White Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor; The Honeycombs of Life; Christ and His Friends. Fu. Le. Meth.

Banister, John. E., 16— -1692. A Virginia botanist who assisted the English naturalist, John Ray. Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica; Insects of Virginia; Curiosities of Virginia; The Unseen Lupus; The Pistolochia, or Serpentaria Virginiana. The genus Banisteria was named in his honour.

Banneker, Benjamin. Md., 1731-1806. An astronomer and mathematician of African descent, who assisted in the original survey of the District of Columbia and published an astronomical almanac 1792-1806. See Lives, by Latrobe, 1845; Norris, 1854; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1863; Catholic World, vol. 38.

Banvard, John. 1814-1891. An artist and poet whose famous panorama of the Mississippi covered 3 miles of canvas. He wrote much indifferent verse, and published books of a miscellaneous nature. Amasis, The Last of the Pharaohs, afterwards dramatized by him; Carrinia: a Drama; Description of the Mississippi River; Pilgrimage to the Holy Land; The Private Life of a King; A Tradition of the Temple: a Poem.

Banvard, Joseph. N. Y., 1810-1887. Brother of J. Banvard, supra. A Baptist clergyman of Massachusetts who beside contributing somewhat largely to Sunday-school literature wrote much in other directions. Romance of American History; Plymouth and the Pilgrims; Novelties of the New World, or Adventures and Discoveries of the First Explorers; Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland; The American Statesman: a Memoir of Webster; Southern Explorers; Soldiers and Patriots of the Revolution; Priscilla: an Historical Tale. Lo. Mer.

Baraga, Friedric. A., 1797-1868. A Roman Catholic missionary who came to America in 1830 from Austria, and became bishop of Sault St. Marie in 1852. He devoted himself to mission work among the Chippewa or Ojibway Indians, and beside writing several books in their tongue prepared a Grammar and Dictionary of the Otchipewe Language.

Barbe, Waitman. W. Va., 1864- ——. A resident of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Ashes and Incense, a volume of notable verse; In the Virginias, a collection of short stories. Lip.

Barber, John Warner. Ct., 1798-1885. An industrious annalist whose compilations though of slight literary merit are valuable as historical material not so readily accessible elsewhere. Historical Collections of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio, the four last being prepared with the assistance of Henry Howe, infra; History of New Haven; Elements of General History; Historical Scenes in the United States.

Barbour, John Humphrey. Ct., 1854-1900. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of New Testament interpretation at the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut. Beginnings of the Historic Episcopate.

Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo. N. Y., 1811-1889. An eminent lawyer of New York State. Equity Digest; Criminal Law; The Law of Set-Off; Practice of the Court of Chancery; Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law, and many legal reports.

Barclay, James Turner. Va., 1807-1874. A leading clergyman of the Campbellite faith, for many years a missionary at Jerusalem. He is best known as the author of The City of the Great King, a description of Jerusalem.

Barker, Fordyce. N. H., 1818-1891. A New York physician of prominence and a professor in the Bellevue Hospital from 1860. On Sea-Sickness; On Puerperal Diseases. Ap.

Barker, George Frederic. Ms., 1835- ——. A professor of physics in the University of Pennsylvania since 1873. Correlation of Vital and Physical Forces; Text Book of Elementary Chemistry.

Barker, James Nelson. Pa., 1784-1858. A Philadelphia poet and playwright who was comptroller of the United States Treasury 1838-50. His dramas include Marmion; The Indian Princess; Superstition; Smiles and Tears.

Barlow, Joel. Ct., 1754-1812. A prominent literary figure in the early days of the republic. His verse for the most part is stilted and declamatory. The Columbiad, his most ambitious poem, is now unread, but Hasty Pudding, a poetical reminiscence of New England among Italian scenes, still affords pleasant reading, and is genuinely humourous. The Vision of Columbus, The Conspiracy of Kings, are his only other works of any note. See Life by Todd, 1896; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 58.

Barnard, Charles. Ms., 1838- ——. A writer and lecturer of New York city who was an editorial contributor to The Century Dictionary. The Tone Masters; The Soprano; My Ten Rod Farm; Farming by Inches; A Simple Flower Garden; The Strawberry Garden; Legilda Romanoff; Knights of To-Day; Co-operation as a Business; A Dead Town, a Romance of the Old Country; Talks about the Weather; Talks about the Soil. Put. Scr.

Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter. Ms., 1809-1889. An educational writer who was president of Columbia College, 1864-89. History of the United States Coast Survey; Imaginary Metrological System of the Great Pyramid; The Undulatory Theory of Light; Letters on College Government. See Memoirs of, by John Fulton, 1896. Wil.

Barnard, Henry. Ct., 1811-1900. A noted advocate of educational reforms. National Education in Europe; School Architecture; Hints and Methods for Teachers; Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism; History of Education in Connecticut; Educational Biography; German Educational Reformers. See New England Magazine, vol. 4.

Barnard, John. Ms., 1681-1770. A Congregational minister of Boston who was among the earliest New England dissenters from Calvinism. A robust and logical thinker. Version of the Psalms; Sermons; The Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton. See Tyler’s American Literature.

Barnard, John Gross. Ms., 1815-1882. Brother of F. Barnard, supra. A major-general of the United States Army. Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Phenomena of the Gyroscope; Dangers and Defences of New York; Sea Coast Defence; The Peninsular Campaign and its Antecedents; Problems of Rotary Motion.

Barnes, Albert. N. Y., 1798-1870. A leader of New School Presbyterian thought and an able scriptural commentator. He was a clergyman of Philadelphia, and was at one time tried for heresy. Notes on the New Testament; Scriptural Views of Slavery; The Atonement; Life at Three Score; Prayers for Family Worship; Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century. See Theological Works of, 1875. Har.

Barnes, James. Md., 1865- ——. For King or Country, a Story of the Revolution; Admiral Farragut; Naval Actions of the War of 1812; A Princetonian. Ap. Har. Put.

Barnes, Mrs. Mary Downing [Sheldon]. N. Y., 1850-1898. An educator who published Studies in General History; Teachers’ Manual.

Barnum, Mrs. Frances Courtenay [Baylor]. Ark., 1848- ——. A novelist now living in Savannah. On Both Sides, an international novel; Behind the Blue Ridge; Juan and Juanita, a juvenile tale; Claudia Hyde. Hou. Lip.

Barnum, Phineas Taylor. Ct., 1810-1891. A showman of world-wide fame. Humbugs of the World; Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years’ Recollections; Lion Jack, or How Menageries are Made; Autobiography. See Saturday Review, vol. 71.

Barr, Mrs. Amelia Edith [Huddleston]. E., 1831- ——. A novelist of English birth who was educated in Glasgow and came to America in 1854. Her literary career did not begin, however, until 1871. Her books exhibit many excellencies of construction and characterization, are wholesome in tone, and have been deservedly popular. Among the best of them may be named Jan Vedder’s Wife; Paul and Christina; A Daughter of Fife; A Border Shepherdess; The Bow of Orange Ribbon, a tale of colonial life in New York; Between Two Loves; Friend Olivia; Bernicia, a story in which Whitefield, the famous preacher, is a prominent figure. Other works by Mrs. Barr include: Scottish Sketches; Flower of Gala Water; Romance and Reality; Young People of Shakespeare’s Time; Cluny McPherson; The Hallam Succession; The Lost Silver of Briffault; The Last of the McAlisters; The King’s Highway; The Squire of Sandal Side; Master of his Fate; Christopher; Remember the Alamo, a story of Texas; She loved a Sailor; A Rose of a Hundred Leaves; Michael and Theodora; A Sister to Esau; Feet of Clay; The Household of McNeil; The Preacher’s Daughter; Love for an Hour is Love Forever; A Singer from the Sea; The Lone House. See Andover Review, vol. 11. Ap. Do. Har.

Barrett, Benjamin Fisk. Me., 1808-1892. A Swedenborgian clergyman of Philadelphia who wrote extensively in behalf of his faith. Among his many books are A Life of Swedenborg; The New View of Hell; Swedenborg and Channing; Heaven Revealed: a Popular Presentation of Swedenborg’s Disclosures about Heaven.

Barrett, Walter. See Scoville.

Barron, Elwyn Alfred. Tn., 1855- ——. A Chicago journalist on the editorial staff of The Inter-Ocean from 1879, who has written The Viking, a blank-verse drama; A Moral Crime, and other plays.

Barrow, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth [Mease]. “Aunt Fanny.” S. C., 1822-1894. A writer of juvenile tales which have been widely circulated. Among them are The Night Cap Series; The Pop Gun Series; The Six Mitten Books. Est.

Barrows, John Henry. Mich., 1847-1902. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago. The Gospels are True History; I believe in God the Father Almighty; Henry Ward Beecher, the Pulpit Jupiter; Life of Henry Ward Beecher. Fu. Lo.

Barrows, Mrs. Katherine Isabel Hayes [Chapin]. Vt., 1846- ——. Wife of S. J. Barrows, infra, and with him author of The Shaybacks in Camp, a volume of leisurely travel notes. Hou.

Barrows, Samuel June. N. Y., 1845- ——. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, editor of The Christian Register since 1881. A Baptist Meeting House, a narrative of a transition from the Baptist to the Unitarian faith; The Doom of the Majority of Mankind. A. U. A.

Barrows, William. Ms., 1815-1891. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts. The Church and the Children; The Indian’s Side of the Indian Question; Oregon, the Struggle for Possession; The United States of Yesterday and To-morrow; Twelve Nights in the Hunter’s Camp. Hou. Le. Lo. Rob.

Barry, John Daniel. Ms., 1866- ——. A littérateur of New York city. A Daughter of Thespis; The Intriguers, a novel; Mademoiselle Blanche; The Princess Margarethe, a fairy tale; The Congressman’s Wife. Ap. St.

Barry, John Stetson. Ms., 1819-1872. A Universalist clergyman. The Stetson Genealogy; History of Massachusetts.

Barry, Patrick. I., 1816-1890. A prominent horticulturist of Rochester, N. Y. Treatise on the Fruit Garden. Ju.

Barry, William. Ms., 1805-1885. Brother of J. S. Barry, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Rights and Duties of Neighboring Churches; Thoughts on Christian Doctrine; History of Framingham; Antiquities of Wisconsin.

Bartholow, Roberts. Md., 1831- ——. A physician and medical professor of Philadelphia. Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Practice of Medicine; Medical Electricity; The Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases. Ap. Lip.

Bartlett, Elisha. R. I., 1804-1855. A Rhode Island physician. The Fevers of the United States; Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dickens’s Gallery.

Bartlett, John. Ms., 1820- ——. Formerly a Boston publisher, well known as the editor of Familiar Quotations, which reached a ninth edition in 1891; The Shakespeare Phrase-Book; A Complete Concordance to Shakespeare. Lit. Mac.

Bartlett, John Russell. R. I., 1805-1886. At one time Secretary of State in Rhode Island. Records of the Colony of Rhode Island; Memoir of Rhode Island Officers in the War of the Rebellion; Primeval Man; Genealogy of the Russell Family; Dictionary of Americanisms; Progress of Ethnology. He edited the Letters of Roger Williams. Lit.

Bartlett, Joseph. Ms., 1762-1827. A satirical poet whose New Vicar of Bray once attracted considerable attention.

Bartlett, Samuel Colcord. N. H., 1817-1898. President of Dartmouth College 1877-92. Life and Death Eternal, a Refutation of the Doctrine of Annihilation; Future Punishment; From Egypt to Palestine: observations of a Journey; Sources of History in the Pentateuch. See The Forum, vol. 2. Har.

Bartlett, William Holms Chambers. Pa., 1804-1893. A prominent scientist, who was from 1834-71 an instructor at West Point. Treatise on Optics; Analytical Mechanics; Spherical Astronomy.

Bartol, Cyrus Augustus. Me., 1813-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader of radical religious thought. Pictures of Europe; Christian Spirit and Life; Radical Problems; The Rising Faith; Principles and Portraits; Church and Congregation; Christian Body and Form. A. U. A. Rob.

Barton, Benjamin Smith. Pa., 1766-1815. A once noted physician of Philadelphia. Observations on Some Parts of Natural History; New Views on the Origin of the Tribes of North America; Elements of Botany.

Barton, William Paul Crillon. Pa., 1786-1856. Nephew of B. S. Barton, supra. He organized the United States Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and was known both as botanist and surgeon. Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States; Flora of North America; Medical Botany; Compendium Floræ Philadelphiæ.

Bartram, John. Pa., 1699-1777. “The Father of American Botany.” A shrewd, careful observer whom Linnæus termed “the greatest natural botanist in the world.” Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, etc., as made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, etc. A similar record of travels in eastern Florida appeared in 1766. See Memorials of, by Darlington, 1849.

Bartram, William. Pa., 1739-1823. Son of J. Bartram, supra. A botanist and traveller of Pennsylvania. Travel Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc.; Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians.

Bascom, Henry Bidleman. N. Y., 1796-1850. A bishop of the Methodist church. Sermons from the Pulpit; Mental and Moral Science; Methodism and Slavery. See Life by Heuhle, 1854; Methodist Quarterly, vol. 45.

Bascom, John. N. Y., 1827- ——. A philosophical writer, from 1874-87, president of Wisconsin University, subsequently professor of political science at Williams College. Elements of Psychology; Æsthetics; Political Economy for Colleges; Science, Philosophy, and Religion; Natural Theology; The Science of Mind; The Words of Christ; Philosophy of English Literature; Comparative Psychology; Problems in Philosophy; Sociology, Social Theory; Ethics; The New Theology; Historical Interpretation of Philosophy; A Philosophy of Religion. Cr. Put.

Bassett, James. Ont., 1834- ——. A Presbyterian missionary in Persia. Hymns in Persian; Among the Turcomans; Persia, the Land of the Imams: a Narrative of Travel; Grammatical Note on the Simnuni Dialects of the Persian. Scr.

Batchelor, George. Ct., 1836- ——. A Unitarian clergyman. Social Equilibrium and Other Problems, Ethical and Religious. El.

Bates, Arlo. Me., 1850- ——. Professor of English literature in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and novelist. Talks on Writing English; The Pagans; Patty’s Perversities; A Wheel of Fire; In the Bundle of Time; A Lad’s Love; The Philistines; A Book o’ Nine Tales. His verse includes Berries of the Brier; Sonnets in Shadow; A Poet and his Self; Told in the Gate; The Torch-Bearers; Under the Beech-Tree. Ho. Hou. Rob. Scr.

Bates, Charlotte Fiske. See Rogé.

Bates, Mrs. Clara [Doty]. Mch., 1838-1895. A writer of juvenile tales. Classics of Babyland Versified; Child Lore; On the Way to Wonderland; Heart’s Content. Lo.

Bates, Mrs. Harriet Leonora [Vose]. “Eleanor Putnam.” It., 1856-1886. Wife of A. Bates, supra. A Woodland Wooing; Old Salem; Prince Vance (with A. Bates).

Bates, Katherine Lee. Ms., 1859- ——. A professor of literature at Wellesley College. The English Religious Drama; Hermit Island: a Story for Girls. Lo. Mac.

Bates, Mrs. Margret Holmes [Ernsperger]. O., 1844- ——. A fiction-writer of Indianapolis. Manitou; The Chamber Over the Gate.

Bates, Samuel Penniman. Ms., 1827-190-. A Pennsylvania educator of note. Mental and Moral Culture; Liberal Education; History of Pennsylvania Volunteers; History of the Colleges of Pennsylvania.

Batterson, Hermon Griswold. Ct., 1827-1903. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia. The Missionary Tune Book; The Churchman’s Hymn Book; Christmas Carols and Other Verses; The Pathway of Faith; A Sketch Book of the American Episcopate. Lip.

Baxley, Isaac Rieman. Md., 1850- ——. A California versifier whose thought as a whole gains nothing by being expressed in verse. The Temple of Alanthur; The Prophet and Other Poems; Songs of the Spirit; The Bank of Mist.

Baxter, James Phinney. Me., 1831- ——. An historical writer of Portland, Maine. George Cleves of Casco Bay, 1630-67; Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his Province of Maine; Idyls of the Year, a collection of verse.

Baxter, Lydia. N. Y., 1809-1874. Gems by the Wayside, a collection of poems. The hymn, The Gates Ajar, is by her.

Baxter, Sylvester. Ms., 1850- ——. A journalist of Boston, prominent in exploiting the Metropolitan Park system. The Cruise of a Land Yacht, a Boy’s Book of Mexican Travel. Lit.

Baxter, William. E., 1820- ——. A clergyman of Cincinnati, whose War Lyrics as originally published in Harper’s Weekly were once widely popular. The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebellion; Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, or Scenes and Incidents of the War in Arkansas. Meth.

Bayley, James Roosevelt. N. Y., 1814-1877. A clergyman who entered the Roman Catholic Church from the Episcopal and became archbishop of Baltimore. History of the Catholic Church of New York; Memoirs of Bruté, First Bishop of Vincennes; Pastorals for the People.

Baylies, Francis. Ms., 1783-1852. An eminent lawyer of Taunton, Massachusetts. Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth.

Baylor, Frances Courtenay. See Barnum, Mrs.

Beach, David Nelson. N. J., 1848- ——. A prominent Congregational clergyman of Cambridge, and, since 1895, of Minneapolis. The Newer Religious Thinking; How we Rose; Plain Words on Our Lord’s Work; The Intent of Jesus. Lit. Rob.

Beal, William James. Mch., 1833- ——. A botanical professor in the Michigan Agricultural College from 1870. The New Botany; The Grasses of North America.

Beale, Mrs. Maria [Taylor]. Va., 1849- ——. A novelist of Arden, North Carolina. Jack O’Doon. Ho.

Beard, George Miller. Ct., 1839-1883. A New York physician. American Nervous Diseases: Causes and Consequences; The Scientific Basis of Delusions; Clinical Researches in Electro-Surgery; Medical Uses of Electricity; Physiology of Mind-Reading; Stimulants and Narcotics; Psychology of the Salem Witchcraft and its Practical Application in Our Own Time. Some works of lesser note. Har. Wo.

Beardsley, Eben Edwards. Ct., 1808-1891. An Episcopal clergyman of New Haven. History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut; Lives of Samuel Johnson, the First President of King’s College, New York, William Samuel Johnson, President of Columbia College, and Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut. Hou.

Beasley, Frederick. N. C., 1777-1845. An Episcopal clergyman who was provost of the University of Pennsylvania. An Examination of the Oxford Divinity; Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind; Reply to Dr. Channing.

Beck, Theodric Romeyn. N. Y., 1791-1855. A medical writer of Albany. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence (with J. B. Beck).

Becker, George Ferdinand. N. Y., 1847- ——. A geologist in the United States service. Geology of the Comstock Lode; Atomic Weight Determinations; Geometrical Value of Volcanic Cones; A New Law of Thermo-Chemistry; Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope. Several lesser works.

Beckett, Sylvester Breakmore. Me., 1812-1882. An author and publisher of Portland, Maine. Hester, the Bride of the Islands, a Poem; Guide Book of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence.

Bedell [bē-dĕll´], Gregory Thurston. N. Y., 1817-1892. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and a valued writer of the evangelical school. The Divinity of Christ; The Profit of Godliness; Pastoral Theology; Principles of Pastorship; The Age of Indifference; Episcopacy; Fact and Law. A few minor works.

Bedell, Gregory Townsend. N. Y., 1793-1834. Father of G. T. Bedell, supra. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia, once famous as a preacher. Renunciation; Ezekiel’s Vision; Sermons were his chief works. See Life by Tyng, 1836.

Beecher, Catherine Esther. L. I., 1800-1878. Daughter of L. Beecher, infra. A New England educator of much celebrity at one time, who wrote with the ardour of sincerest conviction. Domestic Economy; Physiology and Calisthenics; Letters to the People; Religious Training of Children; Domestic Service, True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman. See Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record. Har.

Beecher, Charles. Ct., 1815-1900. Son of L. Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman. Patmos; Pen Pictures of the Bible; The Eden Tableau; Redeemer and Redeemed. He edited his father’s Life and Correspondence. Har. Le.

Beecher, Edward. L. I., 1803-1895. Son of L. Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman of Illinois, and later of Brooklyn, whose attainments must be considered as the most solid of those of any of the famous children of Lyman Beecher. In his Conflict of Ages (1853) was struck the earliest note of the liberal theology now dominant in the Congregational churches. The more important of his other works include Papal Conspiracy Exposed; Baptism; History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution. Ap.

Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White [Bullard]. Ms., 1812-1897. Wife of H. W. Beecher, infra. From Dawn to Daylight: a Simple Story; Motherly Talks with Young Housekeepers; All around the House, or How to Make Homes Happy; Letters from Florida; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him. Ap.

Beecher, Henry Ward. Ct., 1813-1887. Son of Lyman Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman widely famous as the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 1847-87. He was an earnest, large-hearted man, though not a deep thinker, and his cheerful influence upon middle-class American thought was very extensive. His literary work can hardly be said to possess enduring excellence, and much of it is already forgotten, graphic and picturesque as it often is. Eyes and Ears; Life Thoughts; Star Papers; Yale Lectures on Preaching; Lectures to Young Men; Speeches on the American Rebellion; Doctrinal Beliefs and Unbeliefs; Life of Jesus the Christ. His only novel, Norwood, is a collection of successful character studies rather than a finished story. See Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Lyman Abbott, 1883; J. Howard, 1887; Barrows, 1893; Henry Ward Beecher: a Study, 1891; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him, by his wife; North American Review, vol. 144. Ap. Fo. Har.

Beecher, Lyman. Ct., 1775-1863. A Congregational clergyman of wide fame. While in Boston he was a zealous opponent of Unitarianism, and as president of Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati was noted as an outspoken enemy of slavery. He was a bold thinker, much in advance of his contemporaries. Sermons on Temperance; Views in Theology; Scepticism; Political Atheism. See Life and Correspondence, edited by Charles Beecher, 1864. Har.

Beecher, Thomas Kinnicut. Ct., 1824-1900. Son of L. Beecher, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Elmira, N. Y. Our Seven Churches.

Beecher, Willis Judson. O., 1838- ——. A professor of Hebrew in the Auburn Theological Seminary. Farmer Tompkins and his Bible; Drill Lessons in Hebrew; Testimony of the Historical Books.

Beers, Mrs. Ethelinda [Eliot]. “Ethel Lynn.” N. J., 1827-1879. General Frankie, a juvenile tale; All Quiet Along the Potomac and Other Poems. Co.

Beers, Henry Augustin. N. Y., 1847- ——. A professor of English literature at Yale University. The Ways of Yale; A Suburban Pastoral and Other Stories; From Chaucer to Tennyson; Life of N. P. Willis, infra; Outline Sketch of English Literature; Initial Studies in American Letters. Verse: Odds and Ends; The Thankless Muse. Fl. Ho. Hou. Meth.

Belcher, Joseph. E., 1794-1859. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, who came thither from England in 1844. His complete works number over 200 volumes. Among them are The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; The Clergy of America; History of Religious Denominations in the United States; Hymns and their Authors.

Belknap [bĕl´năp], Jeremy. Ms., 1744-1798. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose History of New Hampshire ranks as the best among local State histories, and is accurate as it is entertaining. His other works include American Biographies; The Foresters: an American Tale. See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 67.

Bell, Charles Henry. N. H., 1823-1893. A New Hampshire lawyer and Congressman, governor of his State, 1881-83. The Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. Hou.

Bell, John. I., 1796-1872. A physician and medical lecturer, among whose writings are Health and Beauty; Regimen and Longevity.

Bell, Lilian. Ky., 1867- ——. A Chicago novelist. The Love Affairs of An Old Maid; A Little Sister to the Wilderness. Har. St.

Bell, Zura. See Williamson, Julia.

Bellamy, Charles Joseph. Ms., 1852- ——. A journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Breton Mills: a Novel; Everybody’s Lawyer; The Way Out: Suggestions for Social Reform. Put.

Bellamy, Edward. Ms., 1850-1898. Brother of C. J. Bellamy, supra. A socialist reformer whose Utopian theories embodied in the tale Looking Backward, 2000-1887, have been very widely read, and have resulted in the formation of several societies and communities that endeavour to put some of them in practice. His other works include Six to One: a Nantucket Idyl; Dr. Heidenhoff’s Process, a novel; Miss Ludington’s Sister: a Romance of Immortality; Equality; The Blindman’s World, and Other Stories; The Duke of Stockbridge. Ap. Hou.

Bellamy, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitfield [Croom]. “Kamba Thorpe.” Fl., 1838-1900. A novelist of Mobile. Four Oaks; Little Joanna; Penny Lancaster Farmer; Old Man Gilbert; The Luck of the Pendennings. Ap.

Bellamy, Joseph. Ct., 1719-1790. A Congregational minister of the Edwards school, settled at Bethlehem, Connecticut, for a half century. He founded a divinity school in his parish, and trained many men there who were afterwards famous among New England ministers. True Religion Delineated; The Law our Schoolmaster; The Half-Way Covenant; The Nature and Glory of the Gospel, are a few of his publications. See Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 43; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

Bellamy, William. Ms., 1846- ——. A Boston writer who has published, in verse, A Century of Charades; A Second Century of Charades. Hou.

Bellows, Henry Whitney. N. H., 1814-1882. A Unitarian clergyman of prominence in New York city, well known at one time as the president of the United States Sanitary Commission. Restatements of Christian Doctrine; Sermons; Relation of Public Amusements to Public Morality; The Old World in its New Face. See Unitarian Review, vol. 67. A. U. A. Har.

Belrose, Louis. Pa., 1845-1894. A writer whose only published work of note is Thorns and Flowers, a volume of verse.

Bemis, Edward Webster. Ms., 1860- ——. A professor of economics in the University of Chicago. History of Co-operation in the United States; Municipal Ownership of Gas in the United States.

Bender, Prosper. Q., 1844- ——. A Canadian physician, a littérateur, who since 1883 has practiced his profession in Boston. Old and New Canada; Literary Sheaves, or La Littérature au Canada-Français.

Benedict, David. Ct., 1779-1874. A Baptist clergyman of Pawtucket. History of the Baptists; History of All Religions; Fifty Years Among the Baptists; Compendium of Ecclesiastical History; History of the Donatists, comprise his principal works.

Benedict, Erastus Cornelius. Ct., 1800-1880. A jurist of New York city. The American Admiralty: its Jurisdiction and Practice.

Benedict, Frank Lee. N. Y., 1834- ——. A novelist of New York city. Miss Van Kortland; My Daughter Elinor; The Price She Paid; John Worthington’s Name; Miss Dorothy’s Charge; St. Simon’s Niece; ’Twixt Hammer and Anvil; Her Friend Laurence; A Late Remorse; Madame; The Shadow-Worshipper and Other Poems. Har. Lip.

Benezet, Anthony. F., 1713-1784. A Quaker philanthropist of Philadelphia, whose tracts on slavery first aroused the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject. See Memoir by R. Vaux, 1817.

Benjamin, Judah Philip. W. I., 1811-1884. A prominent New Orleans lawyer who became attorney-general of the Confederacy during the Civil War. At its close he went to England, and speedily became eminent in his profession there. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property is the standard work on the subject. See The Athenæum, vol. 88.

Benjamin, Park. B. G., 1809-1864. A poet and journalist of New York city, whose verse, mainly lyrical in character, has not been collected. The Old Sexton is the best remembered example.

Benjamin, Park, Jr. N. Y., 1849- ——. Son of P. Benjamin, supra. A New York lawyer whose specialty is patent law. Shakings: Etchings for the Naval Academy; Wrinkles and Receipts: Suggestions for the Mechanic, Engineer, etc.; The Age of Electricity; The Intellectual Rise in Electricity: a History. Ap. Scr. Wil.

Benjamin, Samuel Green Wheeler. Gr., 1837- ——. A contributor to the field of general literature; at one period minister to Persia. Art in America; Contemporary Art in Europe; The Atlantic Islands; Troy: its Legend, Literature, and Topography; A Group of Etchers; Persia and the Persians; The Story of Persia; The Cruise of the Alice May in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Sea Spray, or Facts and Fancies of a Yachtsman. Ap. Har. Hou. Lo. Scr.

Bennett, Charles Wesley. N. Y., 1828-1891. A Methodist clergyman prominent in educational matters. National Education in Italy, France, Germany, England, and Wales, Popularly Considered; Christian Art and Archæology of the First Six Centuries. Meth.

Bennett, De Robique Mortimer. N. Y., 1818-1882. A noted free-thinker who was several times arrested and imprisoned on account of his extreme views. The World’s Reformers; Champions of the Church; From Behind the Bars; An Infidel Abroad; A Truth Seeker Around the World.

Bennett, Edmund Hatch. Vt., 1824-1898. A New England jurist, dean of the Boston University Law School. English Law and Equity Reports; Fire Insurance Cases; Leading Cases in Criminal Law. He has also edited many legal works of importance. Hou.

Bennett, Emerson. Ms., 1822- ——. A Philadelphia writer of sensational romances quite worthless as literature, but which have been very popular. Prairie Flower, Leni Leoti, are perhaps the most noted of his fifty or more novels.

Bensel, James Berry. N. Y., 1856-1886. A verse-writer whose lines are often musical and pathetic, though sometimes lacking in finish. In the King’s Garden, and Other Poems; King Cophetua’s Wife, a novel. Lo.

Benson, Carl. See Bristed.

Benson, Egbert. N. Y., 1746-1833. A jurist and politician. Vindication of the Captors of Major André; Memoir on Dutch Names of Places.

Benson, Eugene. N. Y., 1840- ——. An American artist long resident in Italy. Gaspara Stampa, a biography; Art and Nature in Italy. Rob.

Benton, Joel. N. Y., 1832- ——. A verse-writer and critic. Under the Apple Boughs, a collection of verse; Emerson as a Poet. Ho.

Benton, Thomas Hart. N. C., 1782-1858. An eminent statesman who represented Missouri in the United States Senate for 30 years. His political writing is notable for its simple, direct style and absence of invective. Speeches; Thirty Years’ View; History of the Workings of Congress, 1820-50; Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, 1789-1856. See Life by T. Roosevelt. Ap.

Berard, Augusta Blanche. N. Y., 1824-1901. An educational writer of West Point. School History of the United States; School History of England; Manual of Spanish Art and Literature; Reminiscences of West Point in the Olden Time.

Berg, Joseph Frederick. W. I., 1812-1871. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Philadelphia and a once noted controversialist. Lectures on Romanism; Rome’s Policy towards the Bible are among his writings.

Berg, Louis de Coppet. N. Y., 1856- ——. An architect and civil engineer of New York city, who has published a valuable work on Safe Building.

Bergh, Henry. N. Y., 1823-1888. A New York philanthropist who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Streets of New York, a volume of sketches; Love’s Alternative, a drama; Married Off, a poem.

Bernheim, Gotthardt Dellman. 1827- ——. A Lutheran clergyman at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, from 1883. The Success of God’s Work; Localities of the Reformation; History of the German Settlements in North and South Carolina.

Berrian, William. 1787-1862. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Trinity Church, New York city, 1830-62. Travels in France and Italy; Devotions for the Sick Room; On Communion; Enter thy Closet; The Sailors’ Manual; Recollections of Departed Friends; Family and Private Prayers; Historical Sketch of Trinity Church.

Bessey, Charles Edwin. O., 1845- ——. A botanical professor in the University of Nebraska. Geography of Iowa; Botany for High Schools and Colleges; The Essentials of Botany. Ho.

Bethune [beh-thoon´], George Washington. N. Y., 1805-1862. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Brooklyn of considerable note as a preacher. Orations and Discourses; Fruits of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Lays of Love and Faith, a volume of verse, are some of his works. He was an ardent fisherman, and edited Walton’s Complete Angler. See Memoir by Van Nest.

Betts, Craven Langstroth. N. B., 1853- ——. Songs from Béranger; The Perfume Holder: A Persian Love Poem; co-author with A. W. H. Eaton (infra) of Tales of a Garrison Town. Sto.

Beverley, Robert. Va., 1675-1716. A writer whose one work, a History of the Present State of Virginia, 1705, is full of life and vigour. In it occurs the phrase “the almighty power of gold,” which anticipates Irving’s “almighty dollar.” See Tyler’s American Literature; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 62-67.

Bianciardi, Mrs. Elizabeth Dickinson [Rice]. Ms., c. 1833-1885. At Home in Italy. Hou.

Bickmore, Albert Smith. Me., 1839- ——. An ethnologist, since 1885 the curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. Travels in the East Indian Archipelago; The Ainos or Hairy Men of Jesso, Saghalien, etc.; Sketch of a Journey from Canton to Hankow.

Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel. Pa., 1874- ——. A journalist and publisher of Philadelphia. A Dual Role, and Other Stories; An Allegory and Three Essays; The Madeira Islands; The Froggy Fairy Book.

Biddle, Charles John. Pa., 1819-1873. Son of N. Biddle, infra. An officer in the United States Army, and afterwards a journalist in Philadelphia, who is best known by his careful monograph, The Case of Major André.

Biddle, Nicholas. Pa., 1786-1844. A financier of Philadelphia famous in political history as the president of the United States Bank. A Commercial Digest; History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clark to the Missouri River. See Memoir, by Conrad.

Biddle, Richard. Pa., 1796-1847. Brother of N. Biddle, supra. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, with a Review of the History of Maritime Discovery.

Bigelow, Mrs. Edith Evelyn [Jaffray]. N. Y., 1861- ——. Wife of P. Bigelow, infra. Diplomatic Disenchantments, a novel. Har.

Bigelow, Erastus Brigham. Ms., 1814-1879. A noted New England inventor of carpet looms. The Tariff Question considered in regard to the Policy of England and the Interest of the United States; The Tariff Policy of England and United States Contrasted.

Bigelow, Jacob. Ms., 1787-1879. A famous physician of Boston who established Mount Auburn cemetery. History of Mount Auburn; A Brief Exposition of Rational Medicine; Modern Inquiries, classical, professional, and miscellaneous; Remarks on Classical and Utilitarian Studies; American Medical Botany; Nature in Disease. See Memoir, by Ellis.

Bigelow, John. N. Y., 1817- ——. A prominent New York journalist, at one time United States Minister to France. Life of Benjamin Franklin; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel Tilden; Jamaica in 1850; Les États Unis d’Amérique en 1863; Some Recollections of Antoine Pierre Berryer; France and Hereditary Monarchy; Wit and Wisdom of the Haytiens; Molinos the Quietist; France and the Confederate Navy: an International Episode; The Mystery of Sleep. He has edited complete editions of the works of Franklin and Tilden. Har. Hou. Lip. Scr.

Bigelow, John, Jr. N. Y., 1854- ——. Son of John Bigelow, supra. A United States cavalry officer. The Principles of Strategy, illustrated chiefly from American Campaigns. Lip.

Bigelow, Melville Madison. Mch., 1846- ——. A lawyer and law lecturer of Boston. The Law of Bills; English Procedure in the Norman Period; The Law of Fraud; Elements of Equity; Elements of the Law of Torts; Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases from William I. to Richard I.; Law of Wills, Notes, and Cheques; The Law of Fraud on its Civil Side; The Law of Estoppel and its Application to Practice; Leading Cases in the Law of Torts, comprise his principal works. He has also edited the 8th edition of Story’s Conflict of Laws, and published a volume of original verse, Rhymes of a Barrister. Hou. Lit.

Bigelow, Poultney. N. Y., 1855- ——. Son of John Bigelow, supra. The German Emperor and his Eastern Neighbors; The Borderland of Czar and Kaiser; History of the German Struggle for Liberty; White Man’s Africa; The Children of the Nations. Har.

Biglow, William. Ms., 1773-1844. An educator of Boston. History of Natick; History of Sherburne; The Youth’s Library; Introduction to the Making of Latin.

Billings, John Shaw. Ind., 1838- ——. Formerly surgeon U. S. A. Upon the consolidation of the New York city libraries, he was made chief librarian. His chief work is a voluminous Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s office. Others are Hygienics of the United States Army Barracks; Mortality and Vital Statistics of the United States Army.

Billings, Josh. See Shaw, Henry.

Binney, Amos. Ms., 1803-1847. A once prominent physician and naturalist of Boston. Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States.

Binney, Horace. Pa., 1780-1875. A noted jurist of Philadelphia. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1799-1814; Leaders of the Old Bar of Philadelphia; Inquiry into the Formation of Washington’s Farewell Address.

Binney, William Greene. Ms., 1833- ——. Son of A. Binney, supra. A well-known conchologist of Burlington, New Jersey. Besides completing his father’s work on mollusks he has written Bibliography of North American Conchology; Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America; Catalogues of the Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of North America.

Bird, Frederick Mayer. Pa., 1838- ——. Son of R. M. Bird, infra. An Episcopal clergyman widely known as an hymnologist. He has edited The Lutheran Ministerium Hymns (with Smucker); Songs of the Spirit (with Bishop Odenheimer); published Charles Wesley seen in his Finer and Less Familiar Pieces; and contributed extensively to the critical literature of his subject.

Bird, Robert Montgomery. Del., 1803-1854. A romantic novelist of Philadelphia whose Nick of the Woods was his most popular work. His two Mexican stories, Calavar: a Knight of the Conquest; The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico, were commended by the historian Prescott. His other works include Peter Pilgrim, a collection of Tales and Sketches, notable as containing almost the earliest description of the Mammoth Cave; Sheppard Lee; The Hawks of Hawk Hollow; Adventures of Robin Day; and three successful dramas, The Broker of Bogota; Oraoosa; The Gladiator.