EXPLANATORY NOTE. (continued 2)

Birney, James Gillespie. Ky., 1792-1857. A statesman famous for his opposition to slavery. Ten Letters on Slavery and Colonization; Addresses and Speeches; American Churches the Bulwarks of American Slavery, are among his writings. See Nation, vol. 50; Birney and his Times, by W. Birney.

Bishop, Joel Prentiss. N. Y., 1814-1901. An eminent jurist of Boston. Commentaries on Criminal Law; Marriage and Divorce; The Law of Married Women; Thoughts for the Times; First Book of The Law; Directions and Forms; Criminal Procedure; Statutory Crimes; Prosecution and Defence; The Written Laws, are among the more important works of his. Lit.

Bishop, Nathaniel Holmes. Ms., 1837-1902. A writer of entertaining travels. A Thousand Miles’ Walk across South America; The Voyage of the Paper Canoe; Four Months in a Sneak Box. Le.

Bishop, Robert Hamilton. S., 1777-1855. A Presbyterian clergyman of Ohio, president of Miami University, 1824-41. Sermons; Elements of Logic; Philosophy of the Bible; Science of Government; Western Peacemaker; Memoirs of David Rice.

Bishop, William Henry. Ct., 1847- ——. A novelist and professor in Yale University. Fish and Men in the Maine Islands; A Househunter in Europe; Writing to Rosina: a novelette; A Pound of Cure: a Story of Monte Carlo; Detmold; The House of a Merchant Prince; The Golden Justice; Choy Susan and Other Stories; The Brown Stone Boy and Other Queer People; Old Mexico and her Lost Provinces, a volume of travel; The Garden of Eden. Cas. Cent. Har. Ho. Hou. Ke. Scr.

Bisland, Elizabeth. See Wetmore, Mrs.

Bissell, Edwin Cone. N. Y., 1832-1894. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Analysis of the Codes; The Historic Origin of the Bible; The Pentateuch: its Origin and Structure; Biblical Antiquities; Practical Introductory Hebrew Grammar; Genesis Printed in Colours, showing original sources of compilation. Fu. Ran. Scr.

Bixby, James Thompson. N. Y., 1843- ——. A Unitarian clergyman of Yonkers, New York. Similarities of Physical and Religious Knowledge, reprinted with the title Religion and Science as Allies; The Crisis in Morals. Ap. Rob.

Bixby, John Munson. “E. Grayson.” Ct., 1800-1876. A lawyer of New York city, whose two novels were issued under a pseudonym. Standish the Puritan; Overing, or the Heir of Wycherly.

Black, Alexander. N. Y., 1859- ——. A Brooklyn journalist, literary editor of the Brooklyn Times. The Story of Ohio; Photography Indoors and Out; Miss Jerry, a Picture Play. Hou. Lo. Scr.

Black, James. Pa., 1823-1894. A noted Pennsylvania advocate of temperance who was the presidential nominee of the prohibitionists in 1872. Is Prohibition a Necessity; History of the Prohibition Party; The Prohibition Party.

Black, James Rush. S., 1827- ——. An Ohio physician, since 1876 a professor of hygiene in the medical college of Columbus. Ten Laws of Health, a valuable work on hygiene; Guide to Protection against Epidemic Disease.

Black, Warren Columbus. Mi., 1843- ——. A Methodist clergyman of Mississippi. Temperance and Teetotalism; Christian Womanhood.

Black, William Henry. Ind., 1854- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman of St. Louis. God our Father; Womanhood; Sermons for the Sunday School.

Blackburn, William Maxwell. Ind., 1828-1900. A Presbyterian clergyman, since 1886 president of Pierre University, South Dakota. Among his many works, chiefly on religion and biography, are History of the Christian Church; Geneva’s Shield; Exiles of Madeira; Judas the Maccabee; The Rebel Prince; College Days of Calvin; Young Calvin in Paris; St. Patrick and the Early Irish Church; Admiral Coligny and the Rise of the Huguenots; The Theban Legion; and the Uncle Alick series of juvenile tales. Meth.

Blackwell, Mrs. Antoinette Louisa [Brown]. N. Y., 1825- ——. A Unitarian minister prominent in the woman-suffrage movement. Studies in General Science; The Market Woman; The Island Neighbours: a novel of American life; The Sexes Throughout Nature; The Physical Basis of Immortality; The Philosophy of Individuality. Har.

Blackwell, Elizabeth. E., 1821- ——. A physician of New York city who, with her sister Emily, organized the woman’s medical college of the New York Infirmary. Laws of Life, or the Physical Education of Girls; Counsel to Parents in the Moral Education of their Children; Pioneer Work in opening the Medical Profession to Women. Lgs.

Blaikie, William. N. Y., 1843-1904. A lawyer and athlete of New York city. How to Get Strong; Sound Bodies for our Boys and Girls. Har.

Blaine, James Gillespie. Pa., 1830-1893. A very prominent Republican leader who was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency in 1884. Twenty Years of Congress, an able and reasonably impartial work; Eulogy on James Abram Garfield. See Appleton’s American Biography, vol. 1, and Annual Cyclopedia, 1893; Lives, by Cressey, 1884; Balestier, 1884; Ramsdell; Dodge, 1895; Mr. Blaine and his Foreign Policy, 1884; North American Review, vol. 147.

Blair, Andrew Alexander. Ky., 1846- ——. A chemist of Philadelphia. The Chemical Analysis of Iron; Methods in Analysis of Iron, Steel, Copper, and Alloys of Copper, Zinc, and Tin. Lip.

Blair, Mrs. Eliza [Nelson]. N. H., 1859- ——. A writer of Manchester, New Hampshire. Her novel, ’Lisbeth Wilson, gives an excellent picture of New Hampshire rural life a half century ago. Le.

Blair, James. S., 1656-1743. An Episcopal clergyman of Virginia who founded William and Mary College, and was its president for 50 years. The State of His Majesty’s Colony in Virginia; Our Saviour’s Divine Sermon on the Mount, a series of 117 sermons written in a simple, unornamental style; moderate in tone and very much to the point. See Tyler’s American Literature.

Blake, Mrs. Euphemia [Vale]. E., 1824-1904. Daughter of G. Vale, infra. Teeth, Ether, and Chloroform; History of Newburyport; Arctic Experiences, a history of the Polaris Expedition.

Blake, James Vila. N. Y., 1842- ——. A Unitarian clergyman of Chicago. Poems; Essays; A Grateful Spirit; Anchor of the Soul; St. Solifer; Legends from Story Land. Ke.

Blake, John Lauris. N. H., 1788-1857. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston long prominent as an educator. Text Book of Geography and Chronology; Family Encyclopædia of Agriculture and Domestic Economy; Farmer’s Every-Day Book; Modern Farmer; Letters on Confirmation; General Biographical Dictionary; Book of Nature Laid Open; Wonders of the Earth; Wonders of Art.

Blake, Mrs. Lillie [Devereux] [Umstead]. N. C., 1835- ——. A prominent advocate of woman-suffrage. Fettered for Life; Southwold; Rockford; Woman’s Place To-Day; The Hypocrite, or Sketches of American Society.

Blake, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth [McGrath]. I., 1840- ——. A Boston writer of prose and verse. Poems; Youth in Twelve Centuries; Verses by the Way. Her prose includes On the Wing, sketches of American travel; A Summer Holiday: travel experiences in Europe; Mexico: Picturesque, Political, Progressive (with Mrs. Sullivan, infra). Hou. Le.

Blake, William Phipps. N. Y., 1826- ——. A mineralogist of prominence. Silver Ores and Silver Mines; California Minerals; Production of the Precious Metals; Iron and Steel; Ceramic Art and Glass; History of Hamden, Ct.; Life of Captain Jonathan Mix.

Blauvelt, Augustus. N. Y., 1832- ——. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New Jersey, deposed from the ministry on account of his liberal doctrinal views embodied in papers in the Century Magazine. The Kingdom of Satan; The Present Religious Crisis.

Blavatsky, Helene Petrovna [Hahn-Hahn]. R., 1831-1891. A writer of Russian birth but naturalized in the United States, who visited India, and, embracing Buddhism, founded the Theosophical Society of New York. Isis Unveiled; The Secret Doctrine; Voices of Silence; Key to Theosophy. See Memoirs of, by Sinnett, 1886; Review of Reviews, vol. 3.

Bledsoe, Albert Taylor. Ky., 1808-1877. A Southern clergyman who left the Episcopal for the Methodist church, and wrote extensively on metaphysics and mathematics. Liberty and Slavery; Examination of Edwards on the Will; Philosophy of Mathematics; Is Davis a Traitor? or was Secession a Constitutional Right previous to the War of 1861?; Theodicy. Lip. Meth.

Bliss, Daniel. Vt., 1826- ——. A Congregational missionary, president of the Protestant college at Beyrout since 1864. Mental Philosophy; Natural Philosophy (in Arabic).

Bliss, Porter Cornelius. N. Y., 1838-1885. A journalist and diplomat of some repute as a philologist. The Ethnography of Gran Chaco, a district of Argentina; Historia Secreta de la mision, del ciudadano norte-Americano, Charles A. Washburn, cerca del gobierno de la república del Paraguay; The Conquest of Turkey 1877-78 (with L. Blodgett, infra).

Bliss, William Dwight Porter. Iy., 1856- ——. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader among Christian Socialists. A Handbook of Socialism; The Social Faith of the Catholic Church; What is Christian Socialism? He has edited The Encyclopædia of Socialism. Fu. Scr.

Bliss, William Root. Ct., 1825- ——. A business man of New York city. Side Glimpses from the Colonial Meeting-House; The Old Colony Town and other Sketches; Colonial Times on Buzzard’s Bay; Quaint Nantucket; Paradise in the Pacific. Hou.

Blodget, Lorin. N. Y., 1823-1901. An eminent statistician of Philadelphia who published more than 150 volumes, mainly reports upon finance, revenue, and industrial progress. The Climatology of the United States; Commercial and Financial Resources of the United States. Lip.

Bloede, Gertrude. “Stuart Sterne.” Sxy., 1845- ——. A poet and novelist of Brooklyn who has usually written under a pseudonym. Angelo; Giorgio and Other Poems; Beyond the Shadow; Pièro da Castiglione, a tale in verse of the time of Savonarola; The Story of Two Lives: a novel. Hou.

Bloomfield-Moore, Mrs. Clara Sophia [Jessup]. Pa., 1824-1899. A Philadelphia writer who passed much time abroad, and chiefly in England. Miscellaneous Poems; On Dangerous Ground, a romance of American Society; Sensible Etiquette; Gondaline’s Lesson and Other Poems; Slander and Gossip; The Warden’s Tale and Other Poems. Co.

Blot, Pierre. F., 1818-1874. A once noted cooking instructor of New York city. What to Eat and How to Cook It; Lectures on Cookery; Handbook of Practical Cookery. Ap.

Blunt, Edmond March. N. H., 1770-1862. A bookseller of Newburyport whose chief work, The American Coast Pilot (1796), is still in use.

Blunt, George William. Ms., 1802-1878. Son of E. M. Blunt, supra. Hydrographer. Atlantic Memoir; Sheet Anchor; Harbour Laws of New York; Plan to Avoid the Centre of Violent Gales.

Blunt, Joseph. Ms., 1792-1860. Son of E. M. Blunt, supra. A lawyer who was one of the founders of the Republican party. Historical Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy; Speeches, Reviews, and Reports; Merchants’ and Shipmasters’ Assistant.

Boardman, George Dana. Bh., 1828-1903. A prominent Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia. Coronation of Love; Studies in the Creative Week; Epiphanies of the Risen Lord; Studies in the Mountain Instruction; University Lectures on the Ten Commandments; The Divine Man. Ap. Bap.

Boardman, Henry Augustus. N. Y., 1808-1880. A once noted Presbyterian divine of Philadelphia. The Bible in the Family; The Bible in the Counting-House; The Christian Ministry not a Priesthood; Earthly Suffering and Heavenly Glory; A Handful of Corn, are among his writings. Lip. Ran.

Bogart, William Henry. N. Y., 1810-1888. A writer of New York state. Life of Daniel Boone; Who Goes There? or Men and Events. Le.

Bok, Edward William. H., 1863- ——. Editor of the Ladies’ Home Journal. The Young Man in Business; Successward, a Young Man’s Book for Young Men. Rev.

Boker, George Henry. Pa., 1823-1890. A poet and diplomat of Philadelphia, United States Minister to Turkey and Russia successively. His verse is of uneven excellence, but at its best is notably good, as, for example, the familiar Dirge for a Soldier. Of his four tragedies, Calaynos; Anne Boleyn; Lenor de Guzman; Francesca da Rimini, the first and last are the finest, the last having been revived with success in very recent years. His volumes of verse include The Lesson of Life; Poems of War; The Book of the Dead; Königsmark; Street Lyrics; Our Heroic Themes. Plays of lesser rank are The Widow’s Marriage; The Betrothal. See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 65; Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 45. Lip.

Bollan, William. E., 17— -1776. An English lawyer who settled in Boston in 1740, and was subsequently colonial agent in London for Massachusetts. He was active in its behalf and wrote many political tracts for that end, among which The Mutual Interests of Great Britain and the American Colonies Considered, is a favourable example.

Boller, Alfred Pancoast. Pa., 1840- ——. An engineer of note whose specialty is bridge construction. Practical Treatise on the Construction of Iron Highway Bridges; Report on Thames River Bridge. Wil.

Bolles, Albert Sidney. Ct., 1845- ——. A political economist of prominence, professor in the University of Pennsylvania. Chapters in Political Economy; The Conflict between Labour and Capital; Industrial History of the United States; Financial History of the United States, 1774-1860; Elements of Commercial Law. Ap.

Bolles, Frank. Ms., 1856-1894. A writer of nature studies of the school of Jefferies and Thoreau, though with important differences from either. From Blomidon to Smoky; At the North of Bearcamp Water; Land of the Lingering Snow; Chocorua’s Tenants, a volume of verse. Hou.

Bolster, William Wheeler. Me., 1823- ——. A lawyer of Auburn, Maine. Digest of the Law of Tax Titles; The Authority and Duty of Town Officers.

Bolton, Charles Knowles. O., 1867- ——. Son of S. K. Bolton, infra; librarian of Brookline, Massachusetts. The Boltons of Old and New England; Gossiping Guide to Harvard; Saskia the Wife of Rembrandt; Notes on Special Collections in American Libraries (with W. C. Lane). Verse: Poems: from Heart and Nature; The Wooing of Martha Pitkin; the Love Story of Ursula Wolcott. Cop. Lam.

Bolton, Henry Carrington. N. Y., 1843-1903. Scientist and professor of chemistry at Trinity College. Application of Organic Acids to the Examination of Minerals; Literature of Uranium; Literature of Manganese; Student’s Guide in Quantitative Analysis; Counting-out Rhymes of Children; their Antiquity, Origin, and Wide Distribution. Wil.

Bolton, Mrs. Sarah [Knowles]. Ct., 1841- ——. A miscellaneous writer of Cleveland whose successive collections of biographical sketches have been extremely popular. Famous Givers and Their Gifts; How Success is Won; Poor Boys who Became Famous; Girls who Became Famous; Famous American Authors; Famous American Statesmen; Successful Women; Social Studies in England; Famous Types of Womanhood; Famous Voyages and Explorers; Famous Leaders among Men; The Inevitable, a collection of pleasing, unpretentious verse. Cr. Lo.

Bolton, Mrs. Sarah Tittle [Barritt]. Ky., 1820-1893. A writer whose name is kept in mind by her oft quoted poem, Paddle Your Own Canoe. The Songs of a Life Time; Life and Poems of, 1880.

Bomberger, John Henry Augustus. Pa., 1817-1890. A German Reformed theologian, president of Ursinus College, 1870-90. Infant Salvation and Baptism; Revised Liturgy; Reformed not Ritualistic.

Bond, George Phillips. Ms., 1825-1865. An astronomer of note, professor in Harvard University. On the Construction of the Rings of Saturn; The Method of Least Squares; Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadrations.

Boner, John Henry. N. C., 1845- ——. A poet and littérateur of New York city. Whispering Pines: poems.

Bonner, Sherwood. See MacDowell.

Bonney, Charles Carroll. N. Y., 1831-1903. A lawyer of Chicago. Rules of Law for Carriage and Delivery of Persons and Property by Railway; Summary of the Law of Marine, Fire, and Life Insurance; Our Remedy in the Laws.

Booth, Henry Matthias. N. Y., 1843-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of New Jersey. The Heavenly Vision and other Sermons; Sunrise, Noonday, and Sunset of the Day of Grace; First Communion. Ran.

Booth, Mary Louise. L. I., 1831-1889. Editor of Harper’s Bazar from its establishment in 1867 to 1889. She made over 30 valuable translations from the French. A History of the City of New York was her only piece of original writing.

Bostwick, Mrs. Helen Louise [Barron]. N. H., 1826- ——. A verse-writer of Bucyrus, Ohio. Buds, Blossoms and Berries.

Botta, Mrs. Anne Charlotte [Lynch]. Vt., 1820-1891. Wife of V. Botta, infra. A well-known New York writer whose weekly receptions were for many years the nearest approach in New York city to a salon. Handbook of Universal Literature; Leaves from the Diary of a Recluse; Poems. Hou.

Botta, Vincenzo. Iy., 1818-1894. An Italian educator who came to the United States in 1853, and was for a long period a professor of Italian Literature in the University of New York. The System of Education in Piedmont; Life of Cavour; Historical Account of Modern Philosophy in Italy; Dante as Philosopher, Patriot, and Poet. Scr.

Botts, John Minor. Va., 1802-1869. A Virginia lawyer eminent for his devotion to the Union during the Civil War. Letters on the Nebraska Question; The Great Rebellion: its Secret History, Rise, Progress, and Disastrous Failure. Har.

Boudinot [boo´de-not], Elias. Pa., 1740-1821. A philanthropist of Burlington, New Jersey, and the first president of the American Bible Society. The Second Advent of the Messiah; The Age of Revelation, a reply to Paine; The Star in the West, an attempt to identify the American Indians with the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. See Life, edited by J. J. Boudinot, 1896.

Boughton, Willis. N. Y., 1854- ——. An educator, professor of English literature in Ohio University from 1892. A History of Ancient Peoples; Mythology in Art. Put.

Bourke, John Gregory. Pa., 1846-1896. A United States army officer. The Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona, a valuable contribution to ethnology; An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre; On the Border with Crook. Scr.

Bouton, John Bell. N. H., 1830-1902. Son of N. Bouton, infra. A New York littérateur. Loved and Lost: essays; Round the Block, a novel; Treasury of Travel and Adventure; Memoir of General Bell; Roundabout to Moscow, an Epicurean Journey; Uncle Sam’s Church. Ap. Lam.

Bouton, Nathaniel. Ct., 1797-1878. State historian of New Hampshire. He is best known for his edition of ten volumes of Provincial Records and for a History of Concord, New Hampshire.

Boutwell, George Sewall. Ms., 1818- ——. A Massachusetts statesman; Governor of the State, 1852-53; Secretary of the Treasury, 1869-73. Thoughts on Educational Topics; Manual of the Direct and Excise Tax System of the United States; The Taxpayer’s Manual; Speeches and Papers relating to the Rebellion; Why I am a Republican: a History of the Republican Party; The Lawyer, the Statesman, the Soldier; The Constitution of the United States at the end of the First Century. Ap. He.

Bouvé, Edward Tracy. 18— - ——. A Boston writer of fiction. Centuries Apart. Lit.

Bouvet, [Marie] Marguerite. La., 1865- ——. A writer of excellent juvenile books. Sweet William; Prince Tip-Top; Little Marjorie’s Love Story; My Lady; A Child of Tuscany; Pierrette. Mg.

Bouvier [boo-veer´], Hannah. Daughter of J. Bouvier, infra. See Peterson, Mrs.

Bouvier, John. Iy., 1787-1851. A jurist of Philadelphia. Law Dictionary; Institutes of American Law. Lip.

Bovee, Christian Nestell. N. Y., 1820-1904. An epigrammatic writer, some of whose sayings have been much quoted. Thoughts, Feelings, and Fancies; Intuitions and Summaries of Thought.

Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll. Ms., 1808-1892. Son of N. Bowditch, infra. An eminent physician of Boston. Life of Nathaniel Bowditch for the Young; The Young Stethoscopist; Public Hygiene in America.

Bowditch, Nathaniel. Ms., 1773-1838. A famous mathematician of Salem, Massachusetts, whose translation of La Place’s Mécanique Céleste, with extensive commentary, was his greatest work. The New American Navigator was his only original work of note. See Memoir, by H. I. Bowditch.

Bowen, Eli. Pa., 1824-188-. A once popular Pennsylvania author. Coal Regions of Pennsylvania; Pictorial Sketch Book of Pennsylvania; Rambles in the Path of the Iron Horse; The Creation of the Earth; United States Post-Office System; Coal and Coal Oil.

Bowen, Francis. Ms., 1811-1890. A professor of philosophy at Harvard University for many years, and eminent both as philosopher and political economist. He opposed the systems of Kant, Fichte, Cousin, Comte, and Mill, and was answered by the latter in a third edition of his Logic. Critical Essays in Speculative Philosophy; Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Schopenhauer and Hartmann; Treatise on Logic; American Political Economy; Principles of Political Economy; A Layman’s Study of the English Bible considered in its Literary and Secular Aspects; Gleanings from a Literary Life. Scr.

Bowen, John Eliot. N. Y., 1858-1890. A New York journalist. The Conflict of East and West in Egypt; Songs of Toil, a translation from Carmen Sylva.

Bowen, Mrs. Sue [Petigru] [King]. S. C., 1824-1875. A novelist of Charleston, South Carolina. Sylvia’s World; Gerald Gray’s Wife; Lily; Busy Moments of an Idle Woman, a collection of stories.

Bowker, Richard Rogers. Ms., 1848- ——. The editor for some years of the Publishers’ Weekly. Work and Wealth: a Summary of Economics; A Primer for Political Education; Economics for the People; The Library List; Electoral Reform. Har.

Bowles, Samuel. Ms., 1826-1878. Journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts, editor of the Springfield Republican. Across the Continent; Our New West. See Life of, by Merriam, 1885.

Bowne, Borden Parker. N. J., 1847- ——. A philosophical writer and professor of philosophy in Boston University. The Philosophy of Herbert Spencer; Studies in Theism; Metaphysics: a Study of First Principles; Introduction to Psychological Theory; Philosophy of Theism; Principles of Ethics. Har. Meth.

Boyd, James Robert. N. Y., 1804-1890. A Presbyterian clergyman, formerly professor of moral philosophy at Hamilton College. Elements of Rhetoric and Literary Criticism; Moral Philosophy; The Westminster Shorter Catechism, with Analysis; Elements of Logic; Last Days of a Christian Philosopher; Memoir of Doddridge, are some among his rather numerous publications. Har.

Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth. N., 1848-1895. A writer of Norwegian birth, long resident in New York, and a professor in Columbia College at the time of his death. His novels and sketches are pleasantly written, but as essays in fiction are not much above average merit. Gunnar; A Norseman’s Pilgrimage; Tales from Two Hemispheres; Falconberg; A Daughter of the Philistines; Queen Titania; Ilka on the Hill Top and Other Stories; Goethe and Schiller, their Lives and Works; Literary and Social Silhouettes; The Story of Norway, an historical work; Social Strugglers; Essays on Scandinavian Literature; Essays on German Literature; Idylls of Norway and Other Poems; the Norseland series of books for boys, including: Norseland Tales; Boyhood in Norway; The Modern Vikings; Against Heavy Odds; The Golden Calf. Fl. Har. Mac. Scr.

Boynton, Edward Carlisle. Vt., 1825-1893. A United States army officer. History of West Point.

Bozman, John Leeds. Md., 1757-1823. A once noted Maryland lawyer. Historical Sketch of the Prime Causes of the Revolutionary War; History of Maryland. See Memoir by S. A. Harrison, 1888.

Brace, Charles Loring. Ct., 1826-1890. Son of J. P. Brace, infra. A noted clergyman and philanthropist of New York city who founded the Children’s Aid Society, and gave much of his time to philanthropic work. Norse-folk; Home Life in Germany; The Races of the Old World; Gesta Christi; The Dangerous Classes of New York. See Life, chiefly told in his own Letters. Scr.

Brace, John Peirce. Ct., 1793-1872. A once prominent educator of Litchfield, Connecticut. Lectures to Young Converts; Tales of the Devil; The Fawn of the Pale Faces: a Novel.

Brackenridge, Henry Marie. Pa., 1786-1871. Son of H. H. Brackenridge, infra. A noted Florida jurist. History of the Late War between the United States and Great Britain (1816); Voyage to South America; Views of Louisiana; Recollections of Persons and Places in the West; Essay on Trusts and Trustees; History of the Western Insurrection.

Brackenridge, Hugh Henry. S., 1748-1816. A Pennsylvania lawyer and humourist whose writing enjoyed great popularity in the early years of the 19th century. His principal work was Modern Chivalry, or the Adventures of Captain Farrago and Teague O’Regan, his Servant, a rough, sharp piece of humourous fiction, partaking, to some extent, of the nature of an autobiography. See edition of 1848, with illustrations by Darley; Hart’s American Literature.

Brackett, Albert Gallatin. N. Y., 1829-1896. A United States cavalry officer. General Lane’s Brigade in Central Mexico; History of the United States Cavalry, 1854. Har.

Brackett, Anna Callender. Ms., 1836- ——. An educational writer. The Education of American Girls; Woman and the Higher Education; The Technique of Rest. Har.

Brackett, Edward Augustus. Me., 1819- ——. A sculptor of Boston. Twilight Hours, a volume of verse.

Bradford, Alden. Ms., 1765-1843. Secretary of State for Massachusetts, 1812-24. Eulogy on Washington; History of Massachusetts, 1764-1820; Life of Jonathan Mayhew; History of the Federal Government; Biographical Notices of Distinguished Men of Massachusetts; New England Chronology, 1497-1843.

Bradford, Alexander Warfield. N. Y., 1815-1867. A New York jurist of prominence. He edited American Antiquities, and prepared many volumes of legal reports, among which the six commonly called Bradford’s Reports have become standard authority.

Bradford, Amory Howe. Ms., 1846- ——. A Congregational clergyman of Montclair, New Jersey. The Pilgrim in Old England; Old Wine: New Bottles; Spirit and Life, Thought for To-Day; Heredity and Christian Problems. Fo. Mac.

Bradford, William. E., 1590-1657. Governor of the Plymouth Colony, 1621-57. He left in manuscript a History of the Plimoth Plantation, the leisurely composition of 20 years, which was drawn from by Morton, Prince, and Hutchinson as a basis for their respective histories, and after being lost for nearly a century was found in the library of the Bishop of London in 1855, and published soon after. He was the earliest American historian, and his work exhibits judicial impartiality, broad conceptions, and a direct, vigourous style. See Tyler’s American Literature; Young’s Chronicles of the Pilgrims; Mrs. Austin’s Betty Alden and Standish of Standish. Hou.

Bradlee, Caleb Davis. Ms., 1831-1897. A Unitarian clergyman. Sermons for the Church; Sermons for All Sects; Life of Starr King. El.

Bradley, Mrs. Mary Emily [Neeley]. Md., 1835-1898. A writer of tales for girls. Among her 20 or more volumes of this class are Douglass Farm; Story of a Summer; Brave Girls; Grace’s Visit. Hidden Sweetness is a volume of verse. Le. Lo.

Bradley, Warren Ives. “Glance Gaylord.” Ct., 1847-1868. A talented writer of tales for boys. Among his twelve volumes, all written before he was twenty-one, Culm Rock is as well known as any.

Bradstreet, Mrs. Anne [Dudley]. E., 1612-1672. The first American woman of letters, and called by her contemporaries “The Tenth Muse.” Her prose work includes a brief autobiographic sketch, Religious Experiences; Meditations Divine and Moral, a series of shrewd, strong aphorisms. In her lifetime she was known only as a poet, and her verse, the bulk of which is considerable, comprises elegies, epitaphs; The Four Monarchies, a rhymed chronicle of ancient history; The Four Elements; The Four Humours of Man; The Four Ages of Man; The Four Seasons of the Year; Dialogue between Old England and New; Contemplations. She followed artificial models, and her lines reflect the grotesque conceits of the time, but here and there are gleams of real poetic vigour, while in the poem Contemplations, the least laboured of them all, she exhibits true poetic inspiration. See Works of, edited by John Harvard Ellis, with sketch of the author, 1867; Tyler’s American Literature; Life, by Helen Campbell; New England Magazine, 1887.

Brainard, John Gardiner Calkins. Ct., 1796-1828. A Hartford journalist whose Poems were published first in 1825, and reissued as Literary Remains in 1832 in an enlarged edition, with Memoir by his friend Whittier. His verse was temporarily popular, but his chief claim to present remembrance is the fine poem beginning, “I saw two clouds at morning.”

Brainerd, David. Ct., 1718-1747. A famous missionary among the Indians of New England. Selections from his journals have been printed, entitled Miriabilia Dei apud Indicos; Divine Grace Displayed. See Life, by Jonathan Edwards, 1749, enlarged, 1822; Sparks’s American Biography.

Branch, Mrs. Mary Lydia [Bolles]. Ct., 1840- ——. A New York writer, best known by her poem, The Petrified Fern. The Kanter Girls is a story for young people. Scr.

Brannan, William Penn. “Vandyke Brown.” O., 1825-1866. A portrait painter of Cincinnati. Vagaries of Vandyke Brown; The Harp of a Thousand Strings, or Laughter for a Life Time.

Brattle, Thomas. Ms., 1657-1713. A once famous Boston merchant. Eclipse of the Sun and Moon observed in New England; Lunar Eclipse in New England, 1707.

Brazza, Cora [Slocomb], Countess di. La., 1862- ——. A writer of New York city. An American Idyl; A Literary Farce; Guide to the Old and New Lace in Italy. Ar.

Breckinridge, Robert Jefferson. Ky., 1800-1871. A once noted Presbyterian clergyman of Lexington, Kentucky. Popery; Internal Evidence of Christianity; Memoranda of Foreign Travel; Travels in France, Germany, etc. His chief work was a system of theology, The Knowledge of God, Objectively and Subjectively Considered. He was a writer of very positive views, and one of the leaders in the division of the Presbyterian church into Old and New School in 1837.

Breed, David Riddle. Pa., 1848- ——. A Presbyterian minister of Chicago since 1885. More Light; Abraham, the Typical Life of Faith; History of the Preparation of the World for Christ; Heresy and Heresy. Rev.

Breed, William Pratt. N. Y., 1816-1889. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia. His works are mainly religious juveniles, and among them are Jenny Geddes; Home Songs for Home Birds; Grapes from the Great Vine; A Board and Abroad. Fu.

Breidenbaugh, Edward Swoyer. Pa., 1849- ——. A professor of chemistry at Pennsylvania College. Notes on Inorganic Chemistry; Mineralogy of the Farm, are among his purely technical papers and monographs.

Breitman, Hans. See Leland.

Brewer, Thomas Mayo. Ms., 1821-1880. A Massachusetts ornithologist who was the principal author of the History of North American Birds prepared with Ridgway and S. F. Baird, supra. Oölogy of North America is also by him.

Brewer, William Henry. N. Y., 1828- ——. A professor of agriculture in the Sheffield Scientific School at New Haven since 1864. Botany of California.

Brewerton, George Douglas. C., 1820-1901. A United States army officer. The War in Kansas, a Rough Trip to the Border; Fitzpoodle at Newport; Ida Lewis, the Heroine of Lime Rock; The Automaton Company; The Automaton Battery.

Bridge, James Howard. “Harold Brydges.” E., 1858- ——. A Fortnight in Heaven: an Unconventional Romance; Uncle Sam at Home.

Bridges, Madeline. See De Vere.

Bridges, Robert. “Droch.” Pa., 1858- ——. A littérateur of New York city; literary critic of Life from 1883, and assistant editor of Scribner’s Magazine since 1887. Overheard in Arcady, dialogues about contemporary writers; Suppressed Chapters and Other Bookishness. Scr.

Briggs, Charles Augustus. 1841- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman prominent among the leaders of newer religious thought and a professor at Union Theological Seminary, New York, since 1875. In 1892 he was tried for heresy and acquitted. Biblical Study; American Presbyterianism; Messianic Prophecy, notable for its display of the true historical spirit; The Authority of Holy Scripture; The Messiah of the Apostles; The Messiah of the Gospels; The Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch; The Bible, the Church, and the Reason; Whither? a Theological Question for the Times. See New Englander, vol. 55; Andover Review, vol. 16; Catholic World, vol. 53. Scr.

Briggs, Charles Frederick. Ms., 1804-1877. A journalist and editor of New York city, the valued friend of many of the prominent literary Americans of his time. Adventures of Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic; The Haunted Merchant; The Trippings of Tom Pepper; Working a Passage, or Life on a Liner. See Lowell’s Fable for Critics.

Brigham, Amariah. Ms., 1798-1849. A physician of Hartford, and subsequently superintendent of the lunatic asylum at Utica, New York. The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Brain.

Brigham, William Tufts. Ms., 1841- ——. A lawyer and naturalist now at Honolulu in charge of the government museum. Volcanic Manifestations in New England; Guatemala: the Land of the Quetzal, a volume of travels. Scr.

Brightly, Francis Frederick. Pa., 1845- ——. Son of F. C. Brightly, infra. Digest of the Laws of Philadelphia, 1701-1887.

Brightly, Frederick Charles. E., 1812-1888. An eminent Philadelphia jurist. Treatise on Law of Costs; Nisi Prius Reports; Equitable Jurisdiction of the Laws of Pennsylvania; Digest of the Laws of the United States, 1789-1869; Digest of the Decisions of the Federal Courts; Bankrupt Law of the United States; Leading Cases in the Law of Elections, include the larger number of his legal writings.

Brinton, Daniel Garrison. Pa., 1837-1899. An archæological writer and publisher, as well as physician, of Philadelphia, whose researches in aboriginal history and literature were very extensive. He was professor of archæology in the University of Pennsylvania from 1880. The Myths of the New World; The Religious Sentiment; American Hero-Myths; Aboriginal American Authors; The Floridian Peninsula; Races and Peoples; Essays of an Americanist; The Lenape and their Legends. He edited The Maya Chronicles; The Comedy-Ballet of Güeguence; Aboriginal American Anthology. See Popular Science Monthly, vol. 38. Co. Gi. Ho.

Brisbin, James Sanks. Pa., 1837-1892. A United States cavalry officer. Campaign Lives of Grant and Colfax; The Beef Bonanza; Trees and Tree Planting. Har. Lip.

Bristed, Charles Astor. “Carl Benson.” N. Y., 1820-1874. Son of J. Bristed, infra. A magazinist of New York city. Five Years in an English University; The Upper Ten Thousand; Pieces of a Broken-down Critic; The Interference Theory of Government; Anacreontics.

Bristed, John. E., 1778-1855. An Episcopal clergyman of Rhode Island. His principal works, none of which rise much above the level of dullness, are Critical and Philosophical Essays; Resources of the United States, 1818; Anglo-American Churches; Edward and Anna: a Novel; A Pedestrian Tour through the Highlands of Scotland.

Bristol, Mrs. Augusta [Cooper]. N. H., 1835- ——. An educator of Vineland, New Jersey. Poems; The Relation of the Maternal Function to the Woman’s Intellect; The Philosophy of Art; Science and its Relations to Character; The Present Phase of Woman’s Advancement; The Web of Life, a collection of verse.

Britton, Nathaniel Lord. S. I., 1859- ——. A botanical professor in the School of Mines at Columbia College. Catalogue of the Flora of Staten Island; The Geology of Staten Island; Catalogue of the Flora of New Jersey; An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions, from Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the 102d Meridian (with A. Brown). Scr.

Britts, Mrs. Mattie [Dyer]. N. Y., 1842- ——. Daughter of S. Dyer, infra. The author of many juvenile tales, among which are Edward Lee; Nobody’s Boy.

Broaddus, Andrew. Va., 1770-1848. A Baptist clergyman once noted as a pulpit orator. History of the Bible; Form of Church Discipline; Letters and Sermons.

Broadus, John Albert. Va., 1827-1895. A Baptist clergyman, the president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Preparation and Delivery of Sermons; Lectures on Preaching; Sermons and Addresses; Jesus of Nazareth. Bap.

Brockett, Linus Pierpont. Ct., 1820-1893. A prolific writer of Hartford, among whose many productions are History of Education; Our Great Captains; The Year of Battles: a History of the Franco-German War of 1870; Epidemics and Contagious Diseases; The Silk Industry in America; Our Western Empire, an account of the resources of the United States west of the Mississippi; The Great Metropolis.

Brodhead, Mrs. Eva Wilder [McGlasson]. 18— - ——. A popular novelist. One of the Visconti; Diana’s Livery; An Earthly Paragon; Ministers of Grace; Bound In Shallows. Har. Scr.

Brodhead, John Romeyn. Pa., 1814-1873. A painstaking, accurate writer, whose work, if somewhat lacking in picturesqueness, is of lasting value. History of the State of New York; The Government of Sir Edmund Andros over New England. Har.

Brooks, Arthur. Ms., 1845-1895. Brother of Phillips Brooks, infra. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city. A volume of his Sermons was reprinted in London with the title, Christ for To-Day. Wh.

Brooks, Charles. Ms., 1795-1872. A once prominent Massachusetts educator. History of Medford; The Christian in his Closet; Daily Monitor; Family Prayer-Book; Elements of Ornithology; Introduction to Ornithology, and ten volumes of biography.

Brooks, Charles Timothy. Ms., 1813-1883. A Unitarian clergyman of Newport, Rhode Island, 1837-73, whose English versions of Schiller, Richter, Goethe, and Schefer take high rank. His other work includes Songs of Field and Flood; The Simplicity of Christ; William Ellery Channing: a Centennial Memory; Poems Original and Translated. See Memoir by Wendte. Rob.

Brooks, Edward. N. Y., 1831- ——. The principal of the Millersville Normal School, Pennsylvania, 1866-83, and since then superintendent of the Philadelphia public schools. His writings are mainly, though not entirely, mathematical, and among them are The Normal Written Arithmetic; Philosophy of Arithmetic; Mental Science and Methods of Culture; The Story of the Iliad; The Story of the Odyssey.

Brooks, Elbridge Gerry. N. H., 1816-1878. A Universalist clergyman of Philadelphia. Universalism a Practical Power; Our New Departure; Universalism in Life and Doctrine. See Life by E. S. Brooks.

Brooks, Elbridge Streeter. Ms., 1846-1902. A Boston writer for young people. Life Work of Elbridge Gerry Brooks; In No Man’s Land; Historic Boys; In Leisler’s Times; Chivalric Days; Storied Holidays; Historic Girls; Story of the American Indian; The Story of New York; Story of the American Sailor; Story of the United States; The True Story of Columbus; Heroic Happenings; A Son of Issachar; The True Story of George Washington; The Century Book for Young Americans; A Boy of the First Empire; Great Men’s Sons; The Story of Miriam of Magdala; The True Story of Abraham Lincoln; The Story of the American Soldier; The Century Book of Famous Americans; Under the Tamaracks; The Long Walls (with J. Alden). Cent. Lo. Put.

Brooks, Mrs. Maria [Gowen]. Ms., 1795-1845. Called by Southey “Maria del Occidente.” A poet whose fate it has been to be utterly neglected after being once extravagantly praised. Zephiel, or The Bride of Seven, her chief work, is a poem whose incidents are taken from the story of Sara in the apocryphal book of Tobit. It is a work of considerable power but extravagant sentiment. Idomen, or the Vale of Yumuri, is to some extent autobiographic. See Griswold’s Female Poets; Harper’s Magazine, January and May, 1879; Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record.

Brooks, Nathan Covington. Md., 1819-1898. A prominent educator of Baltimore, who besides publishing an excellent series of classical text-books, chief among which are editions of Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Virgil’s Æneid, is the author of A Complete History of the Mexican War.

Brooks, Noah. Me., 1830-1903. A New York writer of popular books for boys. The Boy Emigrants; The Fairport Nine; Our Baseball Club; Abraham Lincoln; The Boy Settlers; American Statesmen; Tales of the Maine Coast; Abraham Lincoln and the Downfall of American Slavery; How the Republic is Governed; Short Studies in American Party Politics; Washington in Lincoln’s Time, a volume of gossipy recollections; The Mediterranean Trip. Cent. Scr.

Brooks, Phillips. Ms., 1835-1893. The sixth Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts. He was rector of Holy Trinity Church at Philadelphia, 1862-69, and of Trinity Church, Boston, from 1869 until his consecration as bishop in 1891. He was a leader of Broad Church opinion, but had no hostility towards forms of thought opposed to his. For many years before his death he had been accounted the foremost preacher in America. The Influence of Jesus; Lectures on Preaching; The Candle of the Lord and Other Sermons; The Light of the World and Other Sermons; Sermons in English Churches; Twenty Sermons; Sermons for the Principal Festivals and Fasts; Tolerance; A Century of Church Growth in Boston; Essays and Addresses; Letters of Travel; The Oldest School in America. O Little Town of Bethlehem is a popular poem by him. See Phillips Brooks in Boston; Five Years’ Editorial Estimates; Phillips Brooks, by Dunbar; Annual Cyclopedia, 1893; Andover Review, vol. 15; Phillips Brooks in Massachusetts, by J. H. Ward, infra. Dut. Mer.

Brooks, William Keith. O., 1848- ——. A professor of morphology at Johns Hopkins University. Hand-book of Invertebrate Zoölogy; Development of the American Oyster; Conifer, a Study in Morphology; Development of Lingula; The Law of Heredity. Wn.

Bross, William. N. J., 1813-1890. A Chicago journalist. History of Chicago (1866); Tom Quick, a romance of Indian warfare; Chicago and her Future Growth.

Brotherton, Mrs. Alice [Williams]. Ind., 18— - ——. A magazinist of Cincinnati, whose work is mainly in verse. Beyond the Veil; The Sailing of King Olaf; What the Wind told the Tree-Tops, prose and verse for children.

Brougham [broo´am or broo´m], John. I., 1814-1880. A once noted dramatist who was the author of over a hundred comedies and farces, many of which, like Vanity Fair and The Irish Emigrant, have been very successful. See Life, by William Winter.

Brown, Abram English. Ms., 1849- ——. A resident of Bedford, Massachusetts. Beneath Old Roof Trees, a volume of local history; Beside Old Hearthstones; History of Bedford; Bedford Old Families; Glimpses of New England Life; Flag of the Minute Men. Le.

Brown, Alexander. Va., 1843- ——. A writer of Nelson County, Virginia, who has published The Cabells and their Kin, a genealogy; The Genesis of the United States. Hou.

Brown, Alice. N. H., 1857- ——. A Boston writer on the staff of the Youth’s Companion. Fools of Nature, a novel; Meadow Grass, a collection of New England stories; By Oak and Thorn, a volume of English travel; Robert Louis Stevenson: a Study (with L. Guiney, infra); Life of Mercy Otis Warren. Cop. Hou. Scr.

Brown, Anna Robeson. Pa., 1873- ——. Daughter of H. A. Brown, infra, and great-niece of C. B. Brown, infra. A novelist who has published Sir Mark; The Black Lamb. Ap.

Brown, Charles Brockden. Pa., 1771-1810. A novelist of Philadelphia, and the first of native authors who adopted literature as a profession. In his novels probability plays a very small part, the local colour is faint, though the scenes are American, and all are overshadowed by an overpowering element of mystery. In spite of extravagances and faults, his work possesses undeniable power of a very high order, and does not deserve the neglect into which it has fallen. Wieland; Ormond, or the Secret Witness; Arthur Mervyn, in some respects the most powerful of his works; Edgar Huntley, or the Memories of a Sleep Walker; Clara Howard, reprinted in England as Philip Stanley; Jane Talbot. See Lives by Dunlap, 1815, Prescott, 1831; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 61; Nichol’s American Literature. My.

Brown, Charles Rufus. N. H., 1849- ——. A professor of Old Testament interpretation at Union Theological Seminary since 1883. An Aramaic Method: Text and Grammar. Scr.

Brown, David Paul. Pa., 1795-1872. A Philadelphia lawyer who was the author of two unsuccessful tragedies, Sestorius; The Trial; a melodrama and a comedy, equally unsuccessful, and The Forum, or Forty Years’ Practice at the Philadelphia Bar. His Forensic Speeches were edited by his son in 1873.

Brown, Emma Elizabeth. N. H., 1847- ——. A writer of popular biographies living at Newton, Massachusetts. Her works include lives of Washington; Grant; Garfield; Wendell Holmes; Russell Lowell; From Night to Light, a story of Bible times; The Child Toilers of Boston Streets; An Hundred Years Ago, a story in verse. Lo. Me.

Brown, Francis. N. H., 1849- ——. A professor of Hebrew and cognate languages at Union Theological Seminary since 1890. Assyriology: its Use and Abuse; The Teachings of the Apostles (with R. D. Hitchcock). Scr.

Brown, Goold. R. I., 1791-1857. An educator of New York city and a once famous grammarian. Grammar of English Grammars; Institutes of English Grammar; First Lines of English Grammar.

Brown, Helen Dawes. Ms., 1857- ——. A lecturer on English literature in New York city. The Petrie Estate, a novel; Two College Girls; Little Miss Phœbe Gay. Hou.

Brown, Henry Armitt. 1846-1878. A lawyer and orator of Philadelphia, whose Four Historical Orations have been much admired. See Memoir, by Hoppin; Atlantic Monthly, August, 1880.

Brown, Henry Billings. Ms., 1836- ——. A justice of the United States Supreme Court since 1890. Admiralty Reports for Western, Lake, and River Districts.

Brown, James Allen. Pa., 1821-1883. A Lutheran clergyman and educator, professor in Gettysburg Seminary, 1864-77. The New Theology.

Brown, John Walker. N. Y., 1814-1849. An Episcopal clergyman who won some fleeting notice as a poet. Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide, and Other Poems.

Brown, Mrs. Phoebe [Hinsdale]. N. Y., 1783-1861. A hymn-writer remembered for her popular religious lyric, “I love to steal awhile away.”

Brown, Samuel Gilman. Me., 1813-1885. A Congregational clergyman who was president of Hamilton College, 1867-81. Biography of Self-Taught Men; Life of Rufus Choate. Lit.

Brown, Theron. Ct., 1832- ——. A Baptist clergyman of Boston, who has written several books for young people, among which are The Blount Family; Walter Neil’s Example; Life Songs, a collection of verse. Le. Lo.

Brown, Thomas Edwin. D. C., 1841- ——. A Baptist clergyman of Rochester, New York. Studies in Modern Socialism and Labor Problems.

Brown, Thurlow Weed. —— -1866. A Wisconsin journalist prominent as a temperance advocate. Why I am a Temperance Man; Minnie Hermon, the Landlord’s Daughter; Temperance Tales.

Browne, Charles Farrar, “Artemus Ward.” Me., 1834-1867. A very genuine though grotesque humorist, whose satire is invariably good-natured and whose humour is based on shrewd sense. While a printer in the office of The Plaindealer, in Cleveland, he began publishing his series of letters from “Artemus Ward, Showman.” Later he became known as a popular humorous lecturer, and was lecturing in England with success at the time of his death. Artemus Ward: his Book; Artemus Ward Among the Mormons; Artemus Ward in London; Artemus Ward: His Travels; Artemus Ward’s Lecture at Egyptian Hall. See Haweis’s American Humorists.

Browne, Francis Fisher. Vt., 1843- ——. A literary critic of Chicago and editor of The Dial since 1880. Everyday Life of Abraham Lincoln; Volunteer Grain, a collection of poems. Wy.

Browne, Irving. N. Y., 1835-1899. A lawyer of Albany. Humorous Phases of the Law; Short Studies of Great Lawyers; Judicial Interpretation of Common Words and Phrases; Law and Lawyers in Literature; Iconoclasm and Whitewash; The Character of the Nurse’s Deceased Husband in Romeo and Juliet; Our Best Society, a comedy; The Elements of Criminal Law. See The Green Bag, vol. 1.

Browne, John Ross. I., 1817-1875. A writer of amusing travels, illustrated by original drawings, which enjoyed a transient but profitable popularity. An American Family in Germany; Yusef, a Crusade in the East; Land of Thor, a volume of Icelandic experiences; Etchings of a Whaling Voyage; Crusoe’s Island; Adventures in the Apache Country. Ap. Har.

Browne, Junius Henri. N. Y., 1833-1902. A journalist of New York city. Four Years in Secessia; The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York; Sights and Sensations in Europe. See Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 40.

Browne, William Hand. Md., 1828- ——. An historical writer of Baltimore who, besides assisting Scharf and other writers, has also written Maryland, the History of a Palatinate; George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, barons Baltimore. Do. Hou.

Browne, William Hardcastle. Pa., 1840- ——. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Digest of the Law of Divorce and Alimony in the United States; Famous Women of History; Bible Heroes.

Brownell, Henry Howard. R. I., 1820-1872. Nephew of T. C. Brownell, infra. A writer who served in the Civil War as ensign under Farragut, and was present in the two engagements described in his famous battle poems, The Bay Fight, The River Fight, which rank among the finest verses of their kind. Poems; People’s Book of Ancient and Modern History; Discoverers of North and South America; Lyrics of a Day; War Lyrics.

Brownell, Thomas Church. Ms., 1779-1865. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Connecticut. Family Prayer-Book; Commentary on the Prayer-Book; Youthful Christian’s Guide; Consolation for the Afflicted; Christian’s Walk and Consolation; Religion of Heart and Life, comprise the greater number of his works.

Brownell, William Crary. N. Y., 1851- ——. A New York journalist and critic. Newport; French Art; Classic and Contemporary Painting and Sculpture; French Traits: an essay in Comparative Criticism. See The Bookman, December, 1896. Scr.

Brownlee, William Craig. S., 1784-1860. A Reformed Dutch clergyman of New York city, and a very active controversialist, whose batteries were chiefly directed at the Quakers and Roman Catholics. Inquiry into the Principles of the Quakers; The Roman Catholic Controversy; Treatise on Popery; Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life; Christian Youths’ Book; Christian Father at Home; Deity of Christ; History of the Western Apostolic Church; The Converted Murderer; The Whigs of Scotland, a romance.

Brownlow, William Gannaway. Va., 1805-1877. A Methodist preacher and journalist of Knoxville, Tennessee, conspicuous for his fidelity to the Union during the Civil War. At its close he served two terms as governor of his state. The Iron Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted, a reply to attacks upon Methodism; Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated; Sketches of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Secession.

Brownson, Orestes Augustus. Vt., 1803-1876. A prominent philosophical thinker who in early life was successively a Presbyterian, a Universalist clergyman, a Socialist leader associated with Robert Owen, and a Unitarian clergyman, as well as an able political speaker at all times. In 1844 he became a Roman Catholic, and in Brownson’s Review, from that date until 1864, he ably defended the Roman Catholic faith from the standpoint of a liberal. His philosophy is more or less influenced by the thought of Cousin. New Views of Christianity, Society, and the Church; Charles Elwood, or the Infidel Converted (1840), a more or less autobiographic novel; Leaves from my Experience; Essays and Reviews; The Spirit-Rapper, an autobiography; The American Republic, a work on political ethics; Conversations on Liberalism. See Complete Works, in 20 volumes, 1882-87, published in Detroit by his son Henry F. Brownson; Catholic World, volumes 45 and 46; Atlantic Monthly, June, 1896.

Bruce, Wallace. N. Y., 1844- ——. A poet and lecturer of Poughkeepsie. From the Hudson to the Yosemite; The Land of Burns; The Connecticut Daylight; in verse, The Hudson; Yosemite; Old Homestead Poems; Wayside Poems; In Clover and Heather; Here’s a Hand. Har.

Brush, Mrs. Christine [Chaplin]. Me., 1842-1892. Daughter of J. Chaplin, infra. An artist in water-colours whose home was in Brooklyn. Her most important book, The Colonel’s Opera Cloak, a novel, was first published anonymously. Her only other works are the two stories, Inside our Gate; One Summer’s Lessons in Perspective. Rob.

Bryan, Mrs. Mary [Edwards]. Fl., 1846- ——. A journalist of New York city who has written the novels Manch; Wild Work, a story of the reconstruction period in Louisiana; The Bayou Bride; Kildee.

Bryant, John Howard. Ms., 1807-1902. Brother of W. C. Bryant, infra. A poet and farmer of Princeton, Illinois. Poems; Poems written from Youth to Old Age, 1824-84.

Bryant, William Cullen. Ms., 1794-1878. A poet and journalist of New York city. In early life he began the practice of law, but soon abandoned it for journalism and, removing to New York in 1825, became in 1828 the editor of the Evening Post, with which he remained associated until his death. His earliest poem, The Embargo, a political satire, was published when its author was but thirteen, but the first collection of his poems was not made until 1821, the famous Thanatopsis being one of the eight which the volume comprised. The quantity of Bryant’s verse is small, the quality high, but not uniformly so. Its tone is usually calmly philosophic, and it rarely makes any very effective appeal to the sympathies, its coldness arising partly from lack of humour, partly from natural reserve. The Embargo; The Spanish Revolution; The Ages; The Fountain of Youth, and Other Poems; The White-Footed Deer; The Flood of Years; Thirty Poems; translations of the Iliad and Odyssey, both in unrhymed heroic pentameter; Letters of a Traveller, a prose work; Orations and Addresses. See Commemorative Address by G. W. Curtis; Lives by J. Bigelow, Parke Godwin, A. J. Symington; Stedman’s Poets of America; Appleton’s American Biography; Wilson’s Bryant and his Friends, 1886; Gosse’s Questions at Issue; Magazine of American History, vol. 23; Atlantic Monthly, March, 1897. Ap. Cr. Hou.

Bryant, William McKendree. Ind., 1843- ——. A prominent educator of St. Louis. Philosophy of Landscape Painting; The World Energy and its Self-Conservation; Syllabus of Psychology; Ethics and the New Education; Text Book of Psychology; Life, Death, and Immortality. Sc.

Bryce, Lloyd. L. I., 1851- ——. A novelist of New York city, editor of the North American Review, 1889-96. Paradise; A Dream of Conquest; The Romance of An Alter Ego; Friends in Exile.

Brydges, Harold. See Bridge, J. H.

Buchanan, James. Pa., 1791-1868. The fifteenth president of the United States. Mr. Buchanan’s Administration (1866) is his own defence of his policy as President. See Life of, by G. T. Curtis, infra.

Buchanan, Joseph. Va., 1785-1829. A once noted mechanical inventor of Kentucky who published The Philosophy of Human Nature.

Buchanan, Joseph Rodes. Ky., 1814-1899. Son of J. Buchanan, supra. A Boston physician who claimed to have invented the sciences of sarcognomy and psychometry. He published Buchanan’s Journal of Medicine, 1849-56, and wrote Outlines of Lectures on the Neurological System of Anthropology; Eclectric Practice of Medicine and Surgery; The New Education; Therapeutic Sarcognomy; Manual of Psychometry. See One of a Thousand.

Buck, Dudley. Ct., 1839- ——. A composer and organist of Brooklyn. Dictionary of Musical Terms; The Influence of the Organ in History.

Buck, Gurdon. N. Y., 1807-1877. An eminent surgeon of New York city. He wrote much for medical journals and a treatise on Contributions to Reparative Surgery.

Buckingham, Joseph Tinker. Ct., 1779-1861. A Boston journalist of note who published, 1831-34, The New England Magazine, in which Dr. Holmes began his famous “Autocrat,” and The Boston Courier, 1828-48. Specimens of Newspaper Literature; Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life.

Buckley, James Monroe. N. J., 1836- ——. A Methodist clergyman, editor since 1881 of the New York Christian Advocate. Two Weeks in the Yosemite Valley; Supposed Miracles; Christians and the Theatre; Oats or Wild Oats; The Land of the Czar and the Nihilist; Faith-Healing, Christian Science, and Kindred Phenomena; Travels in Three Continents, Europe, Africa, Asia. Cent. Har. Lo. Meth.

Buckminster, Joseph Stevens. N. H., 1784-1812. A talented Unitarian clergyman of Boston, the first appointed lecturer on biblical criticism at Harvard University. Sermons, with Memoir by S. C. Thacher, 1814.

Buel, Jesse. Ct., 1778-1839. A noted agriculturist of Albany who effected many reforms in farming. He established the Albany Argus, The Cultivator, and published The Farmer’s Instructor, in ten volumes; and also The Farmer’s Companion, or Essays in Husbandry. Har.

Buel, Samuel. N. Y., 1815-1892. An Episcopal clergyman of High Church proclivities, who was professor of divinity at the General Theological Seminary of New York from 1871. The Apostolic System Defended; Eucharistic Presence, Sacrifice, and Adoration; A Treatise on Dogmatic Theology. Wh.

Buell, Richard Hooker. Md., 1842- ——. A United States civil engineer. The Cadet Engineer; Safety Valves; The Compound Steam-Engine and its Steam-Generating Plant.

Bulfinch, Ellen Susan. Ms., 1844- ——. An artist of Cambridge. Life and Letters of Charles Bulfinch, Architect. Hou.

Bulfinch, Stephen Greenleaf. Ms., 1809-1870. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, and son of Charles Bulfinch, the noted architect. Poems, Lays of the Gospel, Communion Thoughts; Contemplations of the Saviour; The Holy Land and its Inhabitants; The Harp and the Cross; Honour, or The Slave Dealer’s Daughter; Manual of the Evidences of Christianity; Studies in the Evidences of Christianity. A. U. A. Le.

Bulfinch, Thomas. Ms., 1796-1867. Brother of S. G. Bulfinch, supra. A Boston banker whose leisure was devoted to literary pursuits. Hebrew Lyrical History; The Age of Fable; The Age of Chivalry; Boy Inventors; Legends of Charlemagne; Poetry of the Age of Fable; Oregon and Eldorado, or Romance of the Rivers. Le.

Bulkley, Peter. E., 1583-1659. A Congregational clergyman of Concord, Massachusetts. His one work, The Gospel Covenant, or The Covenant of Grace Opened, is a ponderous series of sermons notable for its intellectual vigour. See Tyler’s History of American Literature.

Bullard, Asa. Ms., 1804-1888. Brother-in-law of H. W. Beecher, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts, long prominent in Sunday-school work. His principal writings are Sunnybank Stories; Shady Dell Stories; Fifty Years with the Sabbath School; Incidents in a Busy Life, an autobiography. Le. Lo.

Bullions, Peter. S., 1791-1864. A United Presbyterian clergyman of Troy, New York, well known as a classical scholar. Among his text-books for schools are Principles of English Grammar; Principles of Greek Grammar; Latin and English Dictionary.

Bullock, Alexander Hamilton. Ms., 1816-1882. A prominent Massachusetts politician, at one period governor of the State. Intellectual Leaderships; Address on Several Occasions, with Memoir by G. F. Hoar. Lit.

Bump, Orlando Franklin. N. Y., 1841-1881. A Baltimore lawyer, author of The Law and Practice of Bankruptcy; Federal Procedure.

Bumstead, Freeman Josiah. Ms., 1826-1879. A physician of New York city. Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases, and translations from the French of Ricord and Cullerier.

Bunce, Oliver Bell. N. Y., 1828-1890. A New York littérateur, editor of Appleton’s Journal for the period of its existence, and well known as the author of Don’t (1883), a small volume of social negations which was widely circulated. He wrote also Bachelor Bluff, his Opinions, a volume of essays; My House; Marco Bozzaris, a drama; Love in ’76, a comedy; Romance of the Revolution; four stories, including Life Before Him; Bensly; A Bachelor’s Story; The Adventures of Timias Terrystone; Happinolande and Other Legends, a collection of sketches. Ap. Co. Scr.

Bundy, Jonas Mills. N. H., 1835-1891. A New York journalist, prominent as editor of the Mail and Express from 1868. State Rights; Are we a Nation?; Life of Garfield (1880). Bar.

Bungay, George Washington. E., 1818-1892. A New York journalist well known as a temperance lecturer. He wrote many poems, among which The Creeds of the Bells has long been popular. His other writings include The Abraham Lincoln Songster; The Poets of Queen Elizabeth’s Time; Offhand Takings; Crayon Sketches; Pen Portraits of Illustrious Abstainers.

Bunner, Henry Cuyler. N. Y., 1855-1896. A New York journalist, the editor of Puck, and well known as a writer of graceful, delicate verse and very readable fiction. Jersey Street and Jersey Lane; Love in Old Cloathes; Zadoc Pine and Other Stories; The Story of a New York House; The Midge; In Partnership (with J. B. Matthews, infra); Short Sixes, a collection of humourous tales; The Woman of Honour. His verse includes Airs from Arcady and Elsewhere; Rowen: “second crop” Songs. Hou. Scr.

Burdett, Charles. N. Y., 1815-18—. A journalist and novelist of New York whose writings were transiently popular. Life of Kit Carson; The Second Marriage; The Beautiful Spy; Margaret Moncrieffe; Emma, or The Lost Found; Marion Desmond; The Gambler; The Adopted Child; Trials and Triumphs; Never too Late; Chances and Changes. Har.

Burdette, Robert Jones. Pa., 1844- ——. A newspaper humourist who was for some years editor of The Hawkeye, of Burlington, Iowa. Hawkeyes; Rise and Fall of the Mustache; Innach Garden and Other Comic Sketches; Life of William Penn. Ho.

Burgess, Edward. Ms., 1848-1891. A noted naval architect of Boston. English and American Yachts. See New England Magazine, vol. 5.

Burgess, George. R. I., 1809-1866. The first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Maine. Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England; The Christian Life; The Book of Psalms in English Verse; The Last Enemy Conquering and Conquered; Strife of Brothers, a poem, comprise the most of his writings. See Memoir, by A. Burgess; Bibliography of Maine. Ran.

Burgess, John William. Tn., 1844- ——. The dean of the school of physical science in Columbia College. The American University: When Shall it Be, Where Shall it Be, and What Shall it Be?; Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law; The Middle Period. Gi.

Burk, John Daly. I., 17— -1808. An Irish author who came to America in 1796, and for the last years of his life was a lawyer in Virginia. History of the Late War in Ireland; History of Virginia; Bunker Hill, a once popular tragedy; Bethlem Gaber, an historical drama.

Burleigh, George Shepard. Ct., 1821-1903. A writer of Little Compton, Rhode Island. Anti-Slavery Hymns; The Maniac and Other Poems; Signal Fires, or The Trail of the Pathfinder.

Burleigh, William Henry. Ct., 1812-1871. Brother of G. S. Burleigh, supra. An anti-slavery journalist of Hartford and elsewhere who won some notice as a poet. See Poems of with biographical sketch by Celia Burleigh. Hou.

Burnap, George Washington. N. H., 1802-1859. A Unitarian clergyman of Baltimore, prominent as a controversialist. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Considered; What is a Unitarian; Lectures to Young Men; Lectures on the History of Christianity; Christianity, its Essence and Evidence, are his more important works.

Burnett, Mrs. Frances Eliza [Hodgson]. E., 1849- ——. A popular writer of fiction, whose first successful book was That Lass o’ Lowrie’s, a powerful tale of Lancashire life. Her other works, of varying degrees of excellence, include Earlier Stories, first and second series; Haworth; A Fair Barbarian; Through One Administration; Louisiana; Esmeralda; Vagabondia, Surly Tim, and Other Stories; The Pretty Sister of José; A Lady of Quality. As a writer for young people her success has been very marked; and besides Little Lord Fauntleroy, the most popular of all her books, her juvenile writings comprise Sara Crewe; Piccino and Other Child Stories; Little Saint Elizabeth; Two Little Pilgrims’ Progress; Giovanni and the Other; The One I Knew the Best of All, an autobiographic tale. See Vedder’s American Writers. Scr.

Burnett, James G. N. Y., 1868-1893. A verse-writer who published Love and Laughter, a collection of verse. Put.

Burnett, Peter Hardeman. Tn., 1807-1895. A California lawyer who was the first governor of that state. The Path which led a Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church; The American Theory of Government; Recollections and Opinions of an Old Pioneer; Reasons why we should believe in God. Ap.

Burnett, Waldo Irving. Ms., 1828-1854. A naturalist of Boston. The Cell, its Physiology, Pathology, and Philosophy.

Burney, Stanford Guthrie. Tn., 1814- ——. A Cumberland Presbyterian divine, professor of systematic theology at Cumberland University. Treatise on Elocution; Baptismal Regeneration; Atonement and Law Reviewed; Chart of Duty; Soteriology; Studies in Moral Science; Studies in Psychology; Studies in Theology.

Burnham, Mrs. Clara Louise [Root]. Ms., 1854- ——. A popular novelist of Chicago. “No Gentlemen”; A Sane Lunatic; Dearly Bought; Next Door; Young Maids and Old; The Mistress of Beech Knoll; Miss Bagg’s Secretary, a West Point romance; Dr. Latimer, a story of Casco Bay; Sweet Clover; The Wise Woman. Hou.

Burr, Aaron. Ct., 1716-1757. A Presbyterian clergyman who was president of Princeton College. He married a daughter of Jonathan Edwards, infra, and his son was the noted politician of the same name. His Latin Grammar was long in use at Princeton as “the Newark Grammar.” His only other work was The Supreme Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Burr, Enoch Fitch. Ct., 1818- ——. A Congregational clergyman of Lyme, Connecticut, since 1850. Pater Mundi; Ad Fidem; Doctrine of Evolution; Ecce Cœlum; Sunday Afternoons for Little People; About Spiritualism; Toward the Strait Gate; Ecce Terra; Work in the Vineyard; From Dark to Day; Facts in Aid of Faith; Celestial Empires; Universal Beliefs; Long Ago as Interpreted by the 19th Century; Tempted to Unbelief; Dio the Athenian; The Voyage, and Other Poems; Aleph, the Chaldean.

Burr, George Lincoln. N. Y., 1857- ——. A professor of history at Cornell University from 1892. The Literature of Witchcraft; The Fate of Dietrick Flade; Charlemagne.

Burr, William Hubert. Ct., 1851- ——. A civil engineer of prominence, professor of engineering at Columbia College from 1893. Stresses in Bridge and Roof Trusses; The Theory of the Masonry Arch; Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of Engineering. Wil.

Burrage, Henry Sweetser. Ms., 1837- ——. The editor of Zion’s Advocate, Portland, Maine. Brown University in the Civil War; The Act of Baptism in the History of the Christian Church; History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland; History of Baptists in New England; History of the 36th Massachusetts Regiment; Baptist Hymn Writers and their Hymns. Bap.

Burrill, Alexander Mansfield. N. Y., 1807-1869. A noted New York jurist. Practice of the Supreme Court of New York; Law Dictionary and Glossary; Law and Practice of Voluntary Assignments; Circumstantial Evidence.

Burritt, Elihu. Ct., 1811-1879. A famous linguist who was called “The Learned Blacksmith,” from the fact that much of his education was obtained while working at the forge in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was a noted peace reformer, and was for some years consul at Birmingham. Few of his writings have the literary quality to any extent, and they form rather dry reading. Sparks from the Anvil; A Voice from the Forge; Peace Papers for the People; Olive Leaves; Thoughts of Things at Home and Abroad; Handbook of the Nations; A Walk from John O’ Groat’s to Land’s End; The Mission of Great Sufferings; Walks in the Black Country; Lectures and Speeches; Ten-Minute Talks; Chips from Many Blocks; Prayers and Devotional Meditations. See Memorial, by C. Northend, 1879; Leisure Hour, vol. 28. Ran.

Burroughs, John. N. Y., 1837- ——. A noted essayist of Esopus, New York, whose keen, sympathetic studies of nature have been very popular both in America and England. Wake-Robin; Winter Sunshine; Birds and Poets; Locusts and Wild Honey; Pepacton; Fresh Fields; Signs and Seasons; Indoor Studies; Riverby; Whitman: a Study. See Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 42; Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 39. Hou.

Burrowes, George. N. Y., 1811-1894. A Presbyterian clergyman of San Francisco, professor of Hebrew in the Presbyterian seminary there. Commentary on the Song of Solomon; Octorara, a Poem and Occasional Pieces; Advanced Growth in Grace.

Burt, Nathaniel Clark. N. J., 1825-1874. A Presbyterian clergyman of Ohio. Hours among the Gospels; The Far East; The Land and its Story, the Sacred Geography of Palestine. Ap.

Burton, Asa. Ct., 1752-1836. A Congregational clergyman, pastor at Thetford, Vermont, for more than fifty years. Essays on Some of the First Principles of Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theology. See Memoir by T. Adams.

Burton, Ernest De Witt. O., 1856- ——. A professor of sacred literature in the University of Chicago. Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age; Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek; A Harmony of the Four Gospels (with W. A. Stevens). Scr. Sil.

Burton, Richard [Eugene]. Ct., 1859- ——. A littérateur and journalist of Hartford, Connecticut. Dogs and Dog Literature; Dumb in June, and Other Poems; Memorial Day and Other Poems; Men of Progress (edited). Cop.

Burton, Warren. N. H., 1800-1866. An educational writer of Boston. Cheering Views of Man and Providence; My Religious Experience at my Native Home; The Divine Agency in the Material Universe; Uncle Sam’s Recommendations of Phrenology; The District School as it Was; Helps to Education; Culture of the Observing Faculties in the Family and School; Scenery Showing.

Burton, William Evans. E., 1804-1860. A popular comedian of New York city. The Actor’s Alloquy; Waggeries and Vagaries; Cyclopædia of Wit and Humor. Ap.

Bush, George. Vt., 1796-1859. A Swedenborgian clergyman who was long a professor of Hebrew in the University of New York. Beside Commentaries on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, the Psalms, his writings include Life of Mohammed; New Church Miscellanies; Priesthood and Clergy unknown to Christianity; Mesmer and Swedenborg; Treatise on the Millennium; The Resurrection of Christ. Har.

Bushnell, Charles Ira. N. Y., 1826-1883. An antiquarian writer of New York city, among whose works are Crumbs for Antiquarians; Adventures of Sir Christopher Hawkins (edited).

Bushnell, Horace. Ct., 1802-1876. A Congregational clergyman of Hartford, who was one of the foremost thinkers in his denomination. He was a fearless reasoner, and his literary style exhibits both clearness and beauty. Christian Nurture; God in Christ; Christ in Theology; The Vicarious Sacrifice; Politics the Law of God; Nature and the Supernatural; Moral Uses of Dark Things, his ablest work; Sermons for the New Life; Sermons on Living Subjects; Forgiveness and Law; The Age of Homespun; Woman Suffrage; Moral Tendencies and Results of Human History; Building Eras in Religion; The Character of Jesus; Work and Play; Christ and His Salvation. See Life and Letters, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Cheney; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1881.

Bushnell, William H. N. Y., 1823- ——. A littérateur of Washington. Biographical Sketches of the Early Settlers of Chicago; The Hermit of the Colorado Hills, a Story of the Texan Pampas; Ah Meek the Beaver, or The Copper Hunters of Lake Superior.

Butler, Clement Moore. N. Y., 1810-1890. An Episcopal clergyman of the evangelical type, professor of ecclesiastical history in the Episcopal Divinity School at Philadelphia, 1864-1884. Book of Common Prayer Interpreted by its History; Old Truths and New Errors; The Flock Fed; St. Paul in Rome; Inner Rome; Manual of Ecclesiastical History from the 1st to the 18th Century; The Reformation in Sweden, are his most important works. Ran.

Butler, Frederick. Circa 1766-1843. A writer of Hartford. History of the United States to 1820; The Farmer’s Manual; Memorial of Lafayette and his Tour in the United States.

Butler, James Glentworth. N. Y., 1821- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York. The Bible Work, an extended scriptural commentary; The Fourfold Gospel. Fu.

Butler, John Jay. Me., 1814-1891. A Free Baptist clergyman of Michigan, professor of sacred literature in Hillsdale College from 1873. Natural and Revealed Theology; Commentary on the Gospels, are his principal works.

Butler, Nicholas Murray. N. J., 1862- ——. An educator of New York city, professor of philosophy in Columbia College. Horace Mann and American Systems of Education.

Butler, Noble. Pa., 1819-1882. A classical professor in the University of Louisville, who published A Practical and Critical English Grammar and other valuable text-books.

Butler, Thomas Belden. Ct., 1806-1873. A Connecticut jurist whose Philosophy of the Weather, 1856, appeared later in enlarged form as a Concise Analytical and Logical Development of the Atmospheric System.

Butler, William. I., 1819-1899. A Methodist missionary. The Land of the Veda; From Boston to Bareilly and Back; Mexico in Transition from the Power of Political Romanism to Civil and Religious Liberty.

Butler, William Allen. N. Y., 1825-1902. A lawyer of New York city well known as a writer of poetical satires, among which Nothing to Wear has long been famous. Others are, Two Millions; General Average, a satire upon mercantile life; Barnum’s Parnassus. His prose writings include, Martin Van Buren, a Biography; Mrs. Limber’s Raffle, an able attack on the morality of church fairs; Domesticus, a Story; Oberammergau. Ap. Har. Scr.

Butterfield, Consul Willshire. N. Y., 1824-1899. A Wisconsin educator. Historical Account of the Expedition against Sandusky, 1782; System of Punctuation for Schools; History of the Discovery of the Northwest by John Nicollet, 1634, comprise his chief works. Clke.

Butterfield, Daniel. N. Y., 1831-1901. A major-general in the United States army. Camp and Outpost Duty. Har.

Butterworth, Hezekiah. R. I., 1837- ——. A Boston writer, for many years editor of The Youth’s Companion. Besides publishing several volumes of Zig-Zag Journeys, Great Composers, The Knight of Liberty, In the Boyhood of Lincoln, The Patriot Schoolmaster, and other popular juvenile books, he is the author of two collections of musical verse, Songs of History; Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year’s. Ap. Cr. Est. Lo. Mer.

Butts, Mrs. Mary Frances [Barber]. R. I., 1836- ——. A writer of popular juvenile works. Three Girls; Lottie; Nellie’s New Home; Lizzie and her Friends; The Frolic Series, are some of them.

Byerly, William Ellwood. Pa., 1849- ——. A professor of mathematics at Harvard University. Elements of Differential Calculus; Elements of Integral Calculus. Gi.

Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall. Ms., 1838- ——. A United States consul at Zurich, subsequently a consul-general to Italy and now a resident of Des Moines. Switzerland; Switzerland and the Swiss: Historical and Descriptive; Florence; History of Switzerland; What I Saw in Dixie; Military History of Iowa; The Happy Isles, and Other Poems.

Byfield, Nathaniel. E., 1653-1733. A jurist of note in Massachusetts in the colonial period. Account of the Late War in England, 1689.

Byford, William Heath. O., 1817-1890. A physician of prominence in Chicago. Practice of Medicine and Surgery Applied to Diseases and Accidents Peculiar to Women; Theory and Practice of Obstetrics; Philosophy of Domestic Life, are his more important works.

Byington, Ezra Hoyt. Vt., 1828-1901. A Congregational clergyman of Newton, Massachusetts. Puritan in England and New England; Puritan as Colonist and Reformer; Christ of Yesterday, To-day, and Forever. Lit.

Byles, Mather. Ms., 1706-1788. A Congregational clergyman of Boston famous both as preacher and wit. After 43 years’ ministry in the Hollis Street Church, his Tory sympathies obliged him to give up his charge in 1776. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit; Tyler’s American Literature; Unitarian Review, vol. 27; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 59.

Bynner, Edwin Lassetter. N. Y., 1842-1893. A popular historical novelist of Boston. His best work is included in the three historical tales, Agnes Surriage; The Begum’s Daughter; Zachary Phips. Of lesser importance are Nimport; Tritons; Damen’s Ghost; Penelope’s Suitors; An Uncloseted Skeleton (with L. P. Hale, infra); The Chase of the Meteor, a book for boys. Hou.

Byrd, William. Va., 1674-1744. A colonial Virginian and man of letters, whose Journals, first published in 1841, are known as The Westover Manuscripts, from Westover, the family mansion of Byrd. A fuller collection, styled The Byrd Manuscripts, was printed in 1866, edited by T. Wynne. They are well worth reading for their wit, keen observations, and vigorous style. They comprise The Story of the Dividing Line, an account of the expedition to fix the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina; A Progress to the Mines; A Journey to the Land of Eden. See Hart’s American Literature; Tyler’s American Literature; Century Magazine, vol. 20.

Byrn, Marcus Lafayette. 18— - ——. A physician. Complete Practical Brewer; Rattlehead’s Travels, or the Recollections of a Backwoodsman; Complete Practical Distiller; Repository of Wit and Humour; Book of Nature, an expositor of the Science of Life and Sexual Physiology; Family Physician.

C

Cabell, James Lawrence. Va., 1813-1889. An eminent Virginia physician. The Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind.

Cabell, Mrs. Julia [Mayo]. Va., 18— -185-. An Odd Volume of Facts and Fiction in Prose and Verse; Sketches and Recollections of Lynchburg.

Cable, George Washington. La., 1844- ——. A writer of fiction who has reproduced with much success the life and dialect among the creoles of Louisiana. He served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and is now a resident of Northampton, Massachusetts. Old Creole Days; The Grandissimes; Madame Delphine; Dr. Sevier; John March, Southerner; Bonaventure; Strange True Stories of Louisiana; The Creoles of Louisiana; The Silent South; The Busy Man’s Bible; The Negro Question. See Vedder’s American Writers. Fl. Scr.

Cabot, James Elliot. Ms., 1821-1903. A Boston writer whose principal work is A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Hou.

Cahan, Abraham. R., 1860- ——. A New York city journalist, editor of Zukunft. Yekl, a Tale of the New York Ghetto; Raphael Narizokh (in Yiddish). Ap.

Cain, William. N. C., 1847- ——. A professor of civil engineering in the University of North Carolina. Theory of Voussoir; Solid and Braced Arches; Maximum Stress in Framed Bridges; Solid and Braced Elastic Bridges; Symbolic Algebra; Practical Designing of Retaining Walls.

Caines, George. 1771-1825. A reporter of the New York Supreme Court. Lex Mercatoria Americana; Cases in the Court of Errors; Forms of New York Supreme Court; Summary of Practice in New York Supreme Court; Cases in the Court for Trial of Impeachments; New York Supreme Court Reports.

Caldwell, Charles. N. C., 1772-1853. A Kentucky physician, who beside publishing some 200 technical monographs and pamphlets, wrote The Life and Campaigns of General Greene, and translated Blumenbach’s Elements of Physiology. See Autobiography, 1855; Life, by Caruthers, infra; Sketches of Contemporaries, by S. D. Gross, infra.

Caldwell, George Chapman. Ms., 1834- ——. A professor of agricultural chemistry at Cornell University. Agricultural Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Manual of Introductory Chemical Practice (with A. Breneman); Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis (with S. M. Babcock).

Caldwell, Joseph. N. J., 1773-1835. A once noted educator who was president of the University of North Carolina. A Compendious System of Elementary Geometry; Letters of Carleton.

Caldwell, Linus Boues. N. Y., 1834- ——. A Methodist clergyman and educator, of Tennessee. Wines of Palestine, or The Bible Defended; Beyond the Grave.

Caldwell, Merritt. Me., 1806-1848. A professor of metaphysics at Dickinson College. The Doctrine of the English Verb; Manual of Elocution; Philosophy of Christian Perfection; Christianity Tested by Eminent Men. See Memoir by S. M. Vail. Meth.

Caldwell, Samuel Lunt. Ms., 1820-1889. A Baptist clergyman whose later life was passed in Providence. Cities of Our Faith and Other Addresses and Discourses. Hou.

Caldwell, William Warner. Ms., 1823- ——. A resident of Newburyport who has published Poems, Original and Translated, and has translated many lyrics from the German.

Calef, Robert. Ms., c. 1648-1719. A Boston merchant who published in 1700 More Wonders of the Invisible World, a satirical reply to Cotton Mather’s Wonders of the Invisible World. Its line of argument was in direct opposition to the witchcraft persecutions, and the book was publicly burnt by Increase Mather in the grounds of Harvard College. See Tyler’s American Literature.

Calhoun [kăl-hoon´], John Caldwell. S. C., 1782-1850. A South Carolina statesman who was secretary of state under Monroe, and again under Tyler, vice-president under John Quincy Adams, and United States senator from 1845 till his death. He was one of the ablest of political leaders, a great orator, and a political thinker of the first rank. His literary style is both vigourous and concise, and displays at times a remarkable intensity of expression. A Disquisition on Government; The Constitution and Government of the United States. See Works in 6 volumes; Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Jenkins; Von Holst. Ap.

Calkins, Norman Allison. N. Y., 1822-1895. The first assistant superintendent of primary schools in New York city for thirty-three years. Primary Object Lessons; How to Teach; Manual of Object Teaching; Aids for Object Teaching; Trades and Occupations; Natural History Series for Children.

Callender, James Thomas. E., 17— -1803. A writer who was exiled from England on account of his pamphlet, The Political Progress of Great Britain. He was at first the friend and soon the violent political opponent of Thomas Jefferson. Sketches of the History of America; The Prospect before Us.

Callender, John. Ms., 1706-1748. A Baptist clergyman of Newport, Rhode Island, whose Historical Discourse, 1739, is a careful monograph of Rhode Island history for the first century of the colony’s existence. See edition of 1838, with notes and memoir.

Calthrop, Samuel Robert. E., 1829- ——. A Unitarian clergyman of Syracuse. Essay on Religion and Science; The Rights of the Body.

Calvert, George Henry. Md., 1803-1889. A littérateur of Newport, Rhode Island, who published a great number of volumes of verse that never was mistaken for poetry by any reader, and almost as many prose works. Among his writings are Goethe: his Life and Works; Dante and his Latest Translators; St. Beuve, the Critic; Count Julian, a tragedy; Three Score, and Other Poems; a translation of Schiller’s Don Carlos.

Cameron, Henry Clay. W. Va., 1827- ——. A professor at Princeton College since 1877. Princeton Roll of Honour; History of American Whig Society.

Camp, Walter. Ct., 1859- ——. A writer of prominence on athletic matters. Book of College Sports; American Football; Football Facts and Figures; Football (with L. F. Deland). Har. Hou.

Campbell, Alexander. I., 1788-1866. A Baptist clergyman of West Virginia, who was the founder of the sect of Campbellites, or Disciples of Christ. He established Bethany College in 1841, and was its first president. His writings, mainly controversial, are nearly sixty in number, among them being Christian Baptism; Infidelity Refuted by Infidels; Essay on Life and Death; Popular Lectures and Addresses; Christianity as it Was; Familiar Lectures on the Pentateuch; Six Letters to a Sceptic. See Hart’s American Literature; Memoir by Richardson, 1868.

Campbell, Alexander Augustus. Va., 1789-1846. A Presbyterian clergyman and physician, once prominent in Tennessee, whose only book was a work on Scripture Baptism.

Campbell, Alexander James. 18— - ——. Son of A. Campbell, supra. The Power of Christ to Save to the Uttermost; American Practical Cyclopædia; A True Friend, reflections on Life, Character, and Conduct.

Campbell, Bartley. Pa., 1843-1888. A journalist of Pittsburg, who turned his attention to the stage and became a popular playwright. My Partner; The Galley Slave; Matrimony; Siberia; The Big Bonanza; The White Slave; and Peril, comprising his most successful plays.

Campbell, Charles. Va., 1807-1876. An educator of Petersburg, Virginia, whose father, John Wilson Campbell, a bookseller there for many years, wrote a History of Virginia to 1781. The writings of Charles Campbell include History of the Colony of Virginia; Genealogy of the Spotswood Family; The Bland Papers; Memoir of John Daly Burk, supra. Lip.

Campbell, Douglas. N. Y., 1840-1893. Son of W. W. Campbell, infra. A lawyer of New York city, whose notable historical work, The Puritan in Holland, England, and America, has attracted much attention. Har.

Campbell, Douglas Houghton. Mch., 1859- ——. A professor of botany in Stanford University. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany; Structure and Development of the Mosses and Ferns. Mac.

Campbell, Mrs. Helen [Stuart]. 1839- ——. A writer who is deeply concerned in philanthropic and social reforms, and whose work covers a wide range of topics. In Foreign Kitchens; The Easiest Way in Housekeeping, are books for the housekeeper. Prisoners of Poverty; Prisoners of Poverty Abroad; Some Passages in the Life of Dr. Martha Scarborough; Women Wage-Earners; Problem of the Poor; Darkness and Daylight in New York, relate to the social problems of the time. Six Sinners; His Grandmothers; Roger Berkeley’s Probation; Miss Melinda’s Opportunity; Mrs. Herndon’s Income; The What-to-Do-Club; Under Green Apple-Boughs; Unto the Third and Fourth Generation; Patty Pearson’s Boy, are fictions. Other works are Girls’ Handbook of Work and Play; A Sylvan City, a description of Philadelphia; The Ainslee Stories, for juvenile readers; Anne Bradstreet and her Time, supra. Fo. Hou. Lo. Rob.

Campbell, James Valentine. N. Y., 1823-1890. A Michigan jurist. Outlines of the Political History of Michigan.

Campbell, John Lyle. Va., 1818-1886. A professor of chemistry at Washington and Lee College, 1851-86. Manual of Scientific and Practical Agriculture; Idaho, Six Months in the New Gold Diggings; Guide to the Agricultural and Mineral West; Geology and Mineral Resources of the James River Valley, Virginia.

Campbell, John Poage. Va., 1767-1814. A once popular clergyman on the Ohio border. The Passenger; Strictures on Stone’s Letters on the Atonement; Vindex; Letters to the Rev. Mr. Craighead; The Pelagian Defeated; An Answer to Jones.

Campbell, William Henry. Md., 1808-1890. A Dutch Reformed clergyman, president of Rutgers College, 1863-82. Subjects and Modes of Baptism; Influence of Christianity in Civil and Religious Liberty; System of Catechetical Instruction.

Campbell, William W. N. Y., 1806-1881. A jurist of New York city. Annals of Tryon County, reissued as Border Warfare; Memoirs of Mrs. Grant, Missionary to Persia; Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton; Sketches of Robin Hood and Captain Kidd.

Canfield, Henry Judson. Ct., 1789-1856. An agriculturist who published a serviceable Treatise on the Breed, Management, Structure, and Diseases of Sheep.

Cannon, Charles James. N. Y., 1810-1860. A New York littérateur who besides compiling a series of readers published, among other works, Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous; Pencillings from the Web of Life, and a number of dramas now forgotten.

Cannon, James Spencer. W. I., 1776-1852. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New Jersey, professor of metaphysics at Rutgers College, 1826-56. Lectures on Chronology; Lectures on Pastoral Theology.

Capen, Nahum. Ms., 1804-1886. A Boston publisher who was postmaster 1857-61, and introduced the custom of street letter-box collections. The Republic of the United States; Reminiscences of Spurzheim and Combe; History of Democracy, or Political Progress Historically Illustrated.

Capers, William. S. C., 1790-1855. A Methodist bishop once prominent in the South. Cathechisms for Negro Missions; Short Sermons and True Tales for Children. See Life, by Wightman, 1859.

Carey, Henry Charles. Pa., 1793-1879. Son of M. Carey, infra. One of the foremost of American political economists, who advocated protection as a preliminary step toward ultimate free trade. He opposed such theorists as Malthus and Ricardo, holding that human progress depends upon success in subjugating nature; that land values depend upon labour; and that the social well-being is directly dependent upon existing conditions. Principles of Political Economy; The Credit System; The Principles of Social Science; Lectures on the Currency; Letters on Political Economy; Letters on International Copyright; Financial Crises; The Unity of Law, comprise his chief works. See Allibone’s Dictionary; Memoir by Elder; Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries. Bai. Lip.

Carey, Matthew. I., 1760-1839. An Irishman who came to America in 1785, entered into politics, and established himself in Philadelphia as a bookseller. His writings include The Olive Branch, or Faults on Both Sides, Federal and Democratic (1814), which soon entered a tenth edition; Vindiciæ Hibernicæ; Thoughts on Penitentiaries and Prison Discipline; Essays on Political Economy; The Yellow Fever of 1793.

Carleton, Henry Guy. N. M., 1856- ——. A journalist of New York city who is best known as a writer of plays, among which are Memnon; The Pembertons; Victor Durand.

Carleton, Osgood. 1742-1816. A Massachusetts mathematician. American Navigator; South American Pilot; Practice of Arithmetic.

Carleton, William. Mch., 1845- ——. A writer of homely verse which appeals with great force to imperfectly educated tastes, and has been very popular, but which is without literary merit. Farm Ballads; Farm Festivals; Farm Legends; City Legends; City Ballads; City Festivals; Rhymes of our Planet; Young Folks’ Centennial Rhymes; The Old Infant, and Similar Stories. Har.

Carman [William], Bliss. N. B., 1861- ——. A poet of Canadian birth, whose literary work has been done mainly in New York and Boston. Low Tide on Grand Pré; A Seamark; Behind the Arras; Songs from Vagabondia (with R. Hovey, infra); More Songs from Vagabondia (with R. Hovey); Ballads of Lost Haven, a Book of the Sea. Cop. Lam.

Carnegie, Andrew. S., 1835- ——. A noted steel-manufacturer of Pittsburg who came to America in 1845. He has made many important gifts to his native Scotland and to Pittsburg, and as a writer is distinguished for the rather exuberant Americanism of his work. An American Four-in-Hand in Europe; Round the World; Triumphant Democracy, or Fifty Years’ March of the Republic. Scr.

Carnochan, John Murray. Ga., 1817-1887. A New York surgeon of distinction. Treatise on Congenital Dislocations; Contributions to Operative Surgery. Har.

Carpenter, Edmund Janes. Ms., 1845- ——. A journalist of Boston. A Woman of Shawmut, a Romance of Colonial Times; History of Roger Williams. Lit.

Carpenter, Esther Bernon. R. I., 1848-1893. A writer of southern Rhode Island, whose South Country Neighbours is a series of sympathetic studies in fiction of Rhode Island types of character. Rob.

Carpenter, Francis Bicknell. N. Y., 1830-1900. A portrait painter of New York city, who painted The Emancipation Proclamation in the Capitol at Washington. Six Months in the White House with Abraham Lincoln.

Carpenter, Henry Bernard. I., 1840-1890. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, brother of W. Boyd Carpenter, the Anglican bishop of Ripon. He wrote principally in verse, his only published books including The Oatmeal Crusaders; Liber Amoris, a Metrical Romaunt of the Middle Ages; A Poet’s Last Songs. The last-named volume was issued after his death, with memorial sketch by J. J. Roche, infra. Hou.

Carpenter, Stephen Cullen. E., c. 17— -1820. An English journalist who came to America in 1803 and settled in Charleston. Memoir of Thomas Jefferson, containing a Concise History of the United States (1809); An Overland Journey to India, published under the pseudonym “Donald Campbell.”

Carpenter, Stephen Haskins. N. J., 1831-1878. A Wisconsin educator, professor of literature at the University of Wisconsin. Evidences of Christianity; English of the 14th Century; Introduction to the Study of Anglo-Saxon; Elements of English Analysis. Gi.

Carr, Lucien. Mo., 1829- ——. An archæologist of Cambridge, assistant curator of the Peabody Museum, 1876-1894. The Mounds of the Mississippi Valley Historically Considered; Missouri, a brief history of the State; Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky (with N. S. Shaler, infra). Clke. Hou.

Carrier, Augustus Stiles. N. Y., 1857. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago, professor of Hebrew in McCormick Theological Seminary from 1892. The Hebrew Verb, a Series of Tabular Studies.

Carrington, Henry Beebe. Ct., 1824- ——. A general in the United States army living in Boston. His principal writings include Crisis Thoughts; Battles of the American Revolution; Apsaraka, or Indian Operations on the Plains; Hints to Soldiers Taking the Field; The Washington Obelisk and its Voices. See One of a Thousand. Bar. Le. Lip.

Carrol, John. Md., 1735-1817. The first Roman Catholic archbishop of Baltimore. His writings are mainly of a controversial cast. Concise View of the Principal Points of Controversy between the Protestant and Catholic Churches; Discourse on General Washington.

Carroll, Anna Ella. Md., 1815-1894. A political writer who was the real author of the Federal campaign of 1862 in Tennessee. The Great American Battle, or The Contest between Christianity and Political Romanism; The Star of the West, or National Men and National Measures; The Union of the States; The War Powers of the General Government; The Relation of the National Government to the Revolted Citizens Defined. See S. E. Blackwell’s A Military Genius.

Carroll, Henry King. N. J., 1847- ——. A Methodist clergyman and religious statistician. The World of Missions; The Catholic Dogma of Church Authority; The Religious Forces of the United States.

Carryl, Charles Edward. N. Y., 1841- ——. A broker of New York city, the author of the popular juvenile tales, Davy and the Goblin; The Admiral’s Caravan. Cent. Hou.

Carson, Joseph. 1808-1876. A medical professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1850. Illustrations of Medical Botany; Lectures on Materia Medica and Pharmacy.

Carter, Franklin. Ct., 1837- ——. President of Williams College. Life of Mark Hopkins, infra, and a scholarly translation of Goethe’s Iphigenie auf Tauris. Hou.

Carter, James Gordon. Ms., 1795-1849. A once prominent educator of Massachusetts. Essays on Popular Education; Geography of New Hampshire; Geography of Massachusetts; Letters to William Prescott on the Free Schools of New England.

Carter, Nathaniel Franklin. N. H., 1830- ——. A Congregational clergyman in New Hampshire. The Ride for Life, and Other Poems; History of Pembroke, New Hampshire.

Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine. N. H., 1787-1830. A New York journalist who published Letters from Europe (1827), and wrote many poems of reflection.

Carter, Peter. S., 1825- ——. A prominent New York publisher. Crumbs from the Land of Cakes, a volume of travels in Scotland; Scotia’s Bards; and three juvenile tales, including Bertie Lee; Donald Fraser; Effie’s Home.

Carter, Robert. N. Y., 1819-1879. A New York writer who was one of the editors of Appleton’s American Cyclopædia, to which he contributed many articles. A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New England was his only book of importance.

Carter, Russel Kelso. Md., 1849- ——. A mathematician of Chester, Pennsylvania, prominent in the “Holiness” movement in the Methodist church and as a Faith healer. The Atonement for Sin and Sickness; Miracles of Healing.

Cartwright, Peter. Va., 1785-1872. A once famous Methodist preacher of Illinois. Controversy with the Devil; Autobiography of a Backwoods Preacher; Fifty Years a Presiding Elder.

Caruthers, William Alexander. Va., 1800-1850. A physician of Savannah who wrote a number of romances now quite forgotten. The Kentuckian in New York; The Cavaliers of Virginia; Knights of the Horse Shoe; Life of Charles Caldwell, supra.

Cary, Alice. O., 1820-1871. An Ohio writer who came with her sister Phœbe to New York city in 1852, and as poet and novelist became prominent in literary circles there. The weekly receptions of the sisters were attended by artists and writers for many years. Her books of verse include Lyra, and Other Poems; A Lover’s Diary; Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns; Early and Late Poems (with Phœbe Cary, infra). Her other works are Clovernook, a book of the type of Miss Mitford’s Our Village; Pictures of Country Life; the novels, Hagar; The Bishop’s Son; Married, not Mated. Snowberries, a juvenile; From Year to Year, a Token of Remembrance (with P. Cary). See Memorials of Alice and Phœbe Cary, by Mrs. [Clemmer] Hudson. Hou. Lip.

Cary, Edward. N. Y., 1840- ——. A journalist of New York city on the editorial staff of The Times. Life of George William Curtis, infra. Hou.

Cary, George Lovell. Ms., 1830- ——. A professor of New Testament literature at Meadville Theological School since 1862. Introduction to the Greek of the New Testament.

Cary, Phœbe. O., 1824-1871. Sister of A. Cary, supra. Poems and Parodies; Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love. She will be longest remembered by the well-known hymn, Nearer Home. Hou. Lip.

Casey, Silas. R. I., 1807-1882. A general in the United States army who published Infantry Tactics; Infantry Tactics for Colored Troops.

Cass, Lewis. N. H., 1782-1866. A statesman of Michigan who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1845. Inquiries Concerning the History, Traditions, and Languages of the Indians in the United States; France, its King, Court, and Government, 1840. See Lives by Schoolcraft, 1848; W. L. G. Smith, 1856; McLaughlin, 1891.

Cassin, John. Pa., 1813-1869. A naturalist of Philadelphia whose American Ornithology is a continuation of Audubon’s work on that subject. Other works of his are Ornithology of the Japan Expedition; Mammalogy and Ornithology of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition; Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, etc.; A General Synopsis of North American Ornithology. Lip.

Castlemon, Harry. See Fosdick.

Caswall, Henry. E., 1810-1870. An Episcopal clergyman of English birth, but ordained in the United States, where the most of his life was spent. He lived for a time in England, however, and was a prebend of Salisbury. An Epitome of the History of the American Episcopal Church (1836); Didascalus, or The Teacher; Mormonism and its Author; The Jerusalem Chamber, or Convocation and its Possibilities; The Californian Crusoe, a Tale of Mormonism; Scotland and the Scottish Church; The Western World Revisited; The Martyr of the Pongas; The American Church and the American Union, include the majority of his writings.

Caswell, Alexis. Ms., 1799-1877. A Baptist clergyman and educator; for 35 years a professor at Brown University, and its president, 1868-72. Lectures on Astronomy; Meteorological Observations.

Cathcart, William. I., 1826- ——. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia. The Baptists and the American Revolution; The Papal System; The Baptism of the Ages and the Nations; The Baptist Encyclopædia.

Catherwood, Mrs. Mary [Hartwell]. O., 1847-1902. A writer of Hoopeston, Illinois, whose historical romances dealing with the early days of Canada and the Northwest are as notable for their careful attention to historical details as for their graphic and picturesque style. A Woman in Armour; The Lady of Fort St. John; The Romance of Dollard; Story of Tonty; Old Kaskaskia; The Chase of St. Castin, and Other Tales; The Spirit of an Illinois Town; The White Islander, a story of Mackinac; Craque o’ Doom. Her books for young people include Old Caravan Days; The Dogberry Bunch; Rocky Fork; The Secrets of Roseladies. Cent. Hou. Lip. Lo. Mg.

Catlin, George. Pa., 1796-1872. An artist who spent many years among the Indians. Notes of Eight Years in Europe; Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians; Notes for the Emigrant to America; Life among the Indians, a Book for Youth; The Breath of Life, or Mal-Respiration and its Effects; O-Kee-Pa, a Religious Ceremony, and other Customs of the Mandans; Last Rambles Among the Indians of the Rocky Mountains; The Lifted and Subsided Rocks of America. See Tuckerman’s Book of the Artists.

Catlin, George Lynde. S. I., 1840-1896. A journalist and diplomat, consul at Limoges, Stuttgart, and Zurich. Bilbigheim, a story; The Presidential Campaign of 1896, written in 1888; Titbits for Travellers; The Postilion of Nagold and Other Poems. Fu.

Caton, John Dean. N. Y., 1812-1895. A jurist of Chicago. A Summer in Norway; The Last of the Illinois and a Sketch of the Pottawatomies; The Antelope and the Deer of America; Miscellanies, Speeches, and Essays.

Caulkins, Frances Mainwaring. Ct., 1796-1869. A local historian of Connecticut. A History of Norwich; A History of New London.

Cawein, Madison Julius. Ky., 1865- ——. A poet of Louisville, Kentucky, whose verse is very musical, and shows much individuality. Days and Dreams; Moods and Memories; Intimations of the Beautiful; Blooms of the Berry; The Triumph of Music; Accolon of Gaul; Lyrics and Idyls; Poems of Nature and Love; Red Leaves and Roses; The Garden of Dreams; Undertones. Cop. Mor. Put.

Cesnola [ches-no´la], Luigi Palma di. It., 1832-1904. An archæologist who served in the Union army during the War and became a colonel, but for a number of years filled the position of director of the Metropolitan Museum of New York city. Cyprus, its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples; The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ap. Har.

Chadbourne, Paul Ansel. Me., 1823-1883. A Congregational clergyman who was president of Williams College, 1872-81. Relations of Natural History to Intellect, Taste, Wealth, and Religion; Natural Theology; Instinct in Animals and Men; Strength of Men and Stability of Nations; The Hope of the Righteous; The Public Services of the State of New York [with W. B. Moore]. Bar. Put.

Chadwick, Henry. N. H., 1824- ——. An authority on games and sports. Base Ball Players’ Book of Reference; Base Ball, How to Learn, Play, and Teach It; Base Ball Manual; Sports and Pastimes of American Boys.

Chadwick, John White. Ms., 1840- ——. A Unitarian clergyman of Brooklyn, prominent among the more radical thinkers of his denomination. The Man Jesus; The Faith of Reason; The Bible of To-Day; Old and New Unitarian Belief; The Power of an Endless Life; The Revelation of God, and Other Sermons; Thomas Paine: the Method and Value of his Religious Teachings; George William Curtis: an Address; A Book of Poems; In Nazareth Town, and Other Poems. Har. Put. Rob.