EXPLANATORY NOTE. (continued 5)

Duval, John Pope. Va., 1790-c. 1855. A Florida lawyer who published in 1840 A Digest of the Laws of Florida.

Duyckinck [dī´kiṉk], Evert Augustus. N. Y., 1816-1878. A literary critic of New York city, who with his brother George, infra, was the author of an Encyclopædia of American Literature, first issued in 1855. Its estimates were sometimes over-indulgent, but on the whole the work gave a fairly just view of the subject at that time. Other works by the elder Duyckinck are History of the War for the Union; Biography of Eminent Men and Women of Europe and America.

Duyckinck, George Long. N. Y., 1823-1863. Brother of E. A. Duyckinck, supra. A writer of New York city who, beside his share in The Encyclopædia of American Literature, was the author of Lives of George Herbert; Bishop Ken; Jeremy Taylor; Bishop Latimer.

Dwight, Benjamin Woodbridge. Ct., 1816-1889. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, infra. An educator of New York city. The Higher Christian Education; Modern Philosophy; Modern Philology; Woman’s Higher Culture; The True Doctrine of Divine Providence; History of the Dwight Family in America; History of the Strong Family.

Dwight, Edwin Welles. Ms., 1789-1841. A Congregational clergyman of Richmond, Massachusetts, whose only publication was a History of Berkshire County.

Dwight, Harrison Gray Otis. Ms., 1803-1862. A Congregational missionary to Armenia. Researches of Smith and Dwight in Armenia; Christianity Revived in the East; Catalogue of Armenian Literature in the Middle Ages.

Dwight, Henry Edwin. Ct., 1797-1832. The eighth son of Timothy Dwight, infra. An educator of New Haven who published Travels in the North of Germany.

Dwight, Henry Otis. Ty., 1843- ——. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, supra. A Federal officer during the Civil War, and a correspondent of the New York Tribune from Constantinople, 1876-79. Turkish Life in War Times; Constantinople and its Problems. Rev. Scr.

Dwight, John Sullivan. Ms., 1813-1893. A distinguished musical critic of Boston, editor of Dwight’s Journal of Music, an outspoken, fearless, high-class critical periodical, 1852-81. In earlier life he spent five years at Brook Farm, and was a contributor to The Dial. He was the author of a History of Music in Boston and the poem God Save the State.

Dwight, Mary Ann. Ms., 1806-1858. A teacher of drawing and painting in New York city. Grecian and Roman Mythology; Introduction to the Study of Art; Art as a Branch of Education.

Dwight, Nathaniel. Ms., 1770-1831. Brother of Timothy Dwight, infra. A physician and clergyman of Rhode Island and Connecticut, who published the first school geography in America, and was author also of The Great Question Answered; A Compendious History of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Bar.

Dwight, Sereno Edwards. Ct., 1786-1850. The fifth son of Timothy Dwight, infra. A Congregational clergyman and educator. Life of David Brainerd; The Hebrew Wife, an argument in opposition to marriage with a deceased wife’s sister; Select Discourses. He edited the Works of Jonathan Edwards, infra, in ten volumes, with Life. See Memoir by W. T. Dwight.

Dwight, Theodore. Ms., 1764-1846. Brother of Timothy Dwight, infra. A once famous journalist of New York city, and a member of Congress, well known as a Federalist. History of the Hartford Convention; Character of Thomas Jefferson. See Life and Writings, 1840.

Dwight, Theodore. Ct., 1796-1866. Son of T. Dwight, supra. A New York littérateur whose varied writings include Tour in Italy; New Gazetteer of the United States; History of Connecticut; Summer Tour of New England; The Northern Traveller; The Roman Republic of 1849; The Kansas War; Life of Garibaldi; The Father’s Book; First Lessons in Modern Greek; School Dictionary of Roots and Derivatives.

Dwight, Theodore William. N. Y., 1822-1892. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, infra. A jurist of note who was professor of municipal law in Columbia College. Argument in the Rose Will Case; Trial by Impeachment; Prisons and Reformatories (with E. C. Wines, infra).

Dwight, Thomas. Ms., 1843- ——. A physician of Boston, successor to O. W. Holmes, infra, as professor of anatomy in the Harvard Medical School. Anatomy of the Head; The Intracranial Circulation. Hou.

Dwight, Timothy. Ms., 1752-1817. A Congregational clergyman who was a very prominent figure in the early history of the republic, and as president of Yale College, 1795-1817, of great influence as an educator as well. His most important work is Theology Explained and Defended in a Course of 173 Sermons, which has gone into more than one hundred editions. Other prose works are Genuineness and Authenticity of the Old Testament; Observations on Language; Essay on Light; Travels in New England and New York, which still furnishes entertaining reading. His writings in verse include The Conquest of Canaan, a very ponderous epic; Greenfield Hill, a pastoral; The Triumph of Infidelity, a satire. See Sparks’s American Biography; Allibone’s Dictionary; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895.

Dwight, Timothy. Ct., 1828- ——. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, supra. A Congregational clergyman, president of Yale University, 1886-99, and one of the members of the New Testament Revision Company. The True Ideal of an American University.

Dwight, William Buck. Ty., 1833- ——. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, supra. A scientist who has been curator of Vassar College Museum for many years.

Dyckman, Jacob. N. Y., 1788-1822. A physician of New York city who was the author of Pathology of Human Fluids.

Dyer, Mrs. Catherine Cornelia [Joy]. N. Y., 1817-1903. Wife of H. Dyer, infra. Henry and the Bird’s Nest; Sunny Days Abroad; Brief History of the Joy Family; Records of the Dyer Family.

Dyer, Heman. Vt., 1810-1900. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city. Voice of the Lord upon the Waters; Records of an Active Life, an autobiography.

Dyer, Sidney. N. Y., 1814-1898. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, well known as a song-writer. Voices of Nature and Thoughts in Rhyme; Psalmist for Use of Baptist Churches; Songs and Ballads; The Drunkard’s Child; Ruth, a Cantata; Black Diamonds; Home and Abroad; Hoofs and Claws; Ocean Gardens and Palaces; Elmdale Lyceum; The Beautiful Ladder, or the Two Students.

E

Eads, James Buchanan. Ind., 1820-1887. A civil engineer of distinction and the designer of the Mississippi jetties. System of Naval Defence; Mouth of the Mississippi, the Jetty System Explained; Discussion on Upright Bridges.

Eames, Mrs. Jane [Anthony]. Ms., 1816-1894. A writer of Concord, New Hampshire. A Budget of Letters; The Budget Closed; My Mother’s Jewel; The Christmas Gift; Letters from Bermuda, comprise the most of her writing.

Earle, Mrs. Alice [Morse]. Ms., 1851- ——. A writer on American antiquarian themes. Curious Punishments of Bygone Days; Margaret Winthrop, a biography; Costume of Colonial Times; Customs and Fashions in Old New England; The Sabbath in Puritan New England; China-Collecting in America; Colonial Dames and Goodwives; Colonial Days in Old New York. Hou. S. Scr.

Earle, Pliny. Ms., 1809-1892. A son of the inventor of the same name, and a prominent physician, who was superintendent of the State Insane Hospital at Northampton, Massachusetts, 1864-1885. Marathon and Other Poems; Institutions for the Insane in Prussia, Germany, and Austria; Visits to Thirteen Insane Asylums in Europe; The Curability of Insanity; Blood-Letting in Disorders; The Earle Family: Ralph Earle and his Descendants.

Earle, Thomas. Ms., 1796-1849. Brother of P. Earle, supra. A lawyer and philanthropist of Philadelphia. Essay on Penal Law; Right of States to Alter and Annul their Charters; Railroads and Internal Communications (1830); Life of Benjamin Lundy.

Early, Jubal Anderson. Va., 1816-1894. A distinguished general in the Confederate army who settled in New Orleans after the close of the Civil War. Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States; Campaigns of General Lee; Jackson’s Campaign against Pope.

Eastburn, James Wallis. E., 1797-1819. An Episcopal clergyman remembered as co-author with R. C. Sands of the once noted poem Yamoyden.

Eastburn, Manton. E., 1801-1872. The fourth Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts, and somewhat prominent as a dogmatic, aggressive Low Churchman. Lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and Greek Poetry; Lectures on the Epistles to the Philippians; Essays and Dissertations on Biblical Literature.

Eastman, Charles Gamage. Me., 1816-1861. A verse-writer of Montpelier, Vermont, who published in 1848 a volume of Poems, descriptive of rural life in New England, that was popular for a time.

Eastman, Mrs. Elaine [Goodale]. Ms., 1863- ——. A writer who, with her younger sister, Dora Goodale, infra, attracted much attention, when both were children, by the publication of several volumes of poems, of which the literary quality was very marked. She afterward became a teacher at various Indian schools, and in 1891 married Dr. Charles Eastman, a Sioux Indian, educated at the Boston University; she now lives in South Dakota. Journal of a Farmer’s Daughter; The Coming of the Birds. See Goodale, D. R.

Eastman, Julia Arabella. N. Y., 1837- ——. A Massachusetts teacher who has written a number of juvenile tales, among which are Short Comings and Long Goings; Young Rick; Kitty Kent’s Trouble. Lo.

Eastman, Mrs. Mary [Henderson]. Va., 1818- ——. Wife of S. Eastman, infra. Romance of Indian Life; Dacotah, or Life and Legends of the Sioux; American Aboriginal Portfolio; Chicora and other Regions of the Conquerors and the Conquered; Tales of Fashionable Life; Aunt Phillis’s Cabin, a reply to Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Eastman, Philip. N. H., 1799-1869. A jurist of Maine. General Statutes of Maine; Digest of Maine Law Reports.

Eastman, Seth. Me., 1808-1875. An officer in the United States army stationed at Fort Snelling and other places on the Western frontier; afterwards a lieutenant-colonel and brevet brigadier-general. History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indians of the United States; Topographical Drawing.

Eaton, Amos. N. Y., 1776-1842. A once prominent scientist whose writings include Index to Geology of the Northern States; Natural History of New York; Geological Survey of the Erie Canal District; Philosophical Instructor; Manual of Botany of North America.

Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton. N. S., 1849- ——. An Episcopal clergyman and instructor of New York city. The Heart of the Creeds, a notable contribution to Broad church literature; Acadian Legends and Lyrics; Letter-Writing: its Ethics and Etiquette; The Church of England in Nova Scotia; Tales of a Garrison Town (with C. L. Betts, supra).

Eaton, Cyrus. Me., 1784-1875. An educator of Maine who was totally blind for the last thirty years of his life. Annals of Warren, Maine; Woman, a poem; History of Thomaston, Maine.

Eaton, Daniel Cady. Mch., 1834-1895. Grandson of Amos Eaton, supra. A professor of botany at Yale University. The Ferns of North America; Ferns of the Southwest. Wn.

Eaton, Daniel Cady. N. Y., 1837- ——. Cousin of D. C. Eaton, supra. A professor of the history of art at Yale University, 1869-76. Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture. Hou.

Eaton, Dorman Bridgeman. Vt., 1823-1899. A jurist of New York city, prominent in civil service reform, who published Civil Service in Great Britain, and edited the seventh edition of Kent’s Commentaries. Har.

Eaton, John Henry. Tn., 1790-1856. A once noted politician who was secretary of war, 1829-31, and minister to Spain, 1836-40. He wrote a Life of Andrew Jackson.

Eaton, Samuel John Mills. Pa., 1820-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Franklin, Pennsylvania, 1848-82. Petroleum; History of Venango County, Pennsylvania; Lake Side; Jerusalem, the Holy City; Palestine.

Eaton, Thomas Treadwell. Tn., 1845- ——. A Baptist minister of Louisville. My Angels; Talks to Children; Marriage and Law; Talks on Getting Married.

Eberle, John. Pa., 1787-1838. A noted physician of Philadelphia, and later of Cincinnati. Botanical Terminology; Diseases and Physical Education of Children; Therapeutics and Materia Medica; Notes on Theory and Practice of Medicine. Lip.

Eckard, James Read. Pa., 1805-1887. A Presbyterian missionary to India. Faith and Justification (in the Tamil language); The Hindoo Traveller; Outline of English Law from Blackstone.

Eddy, Ansel Doane. Ms., 1798-1875. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York who published the Christian Citizen; Duties, Dangers, and Securities of Youth.

Eddy, Clarence. Ms., 1851- ——. An organist of Chicago. The Church and Concert Organist; The Organ in Church.

Eddy, Daniel Clark. Ms., 1823-1896. A Baptist clergyman of Boston, and subsequently of Brooklyn, who wrote extensively, some of his books having been very popular. Among them are The Percy Family, and Walter’s Tour in the East, two series of volumes for young readers; Young Man’s Friend; Young Woman’s Friend; The Burman Apostle, a life of Judson; Roger Williams and the Baptists; The Unitarian Apostasy; Europa, or Scenes in the Old World; Waiting at the Cross; Angel Whispers.

Eddy, Henry Turner. Ms., 1844- ——. A mathematician, since 1874 a professor in the University of Cincinnati. Analytical Geometry; Researches in Graphical Statics; Thermodynamics; Maximum Stress under Concentrated Loads.

Eddy, Mrs. Mary Morse [Baker] [Glover] [Patterson]. N. H., 1822- ——. A resident of Concord, New Hampshire, widely known as the founder of the sect of Christian Scientists. Besides Christian Science; Science and Health, she has published a number of pamphlets on the general subject of Christian Science.

Eddy, Richard. R. I., 1828- ——. A Universalist clergyman of Melrose, Massachusetts. Universalism in America; History of the Sixtieth New York Regiment; The Martyr to Liberty.

Eddy, Thomas. Pa., 1758-1827. A philanthropist whose efforts were chiefly in the direction of prison reform, and who was the author of The State Prisons of New York. See Life by S. L. Knapp, 1834.

Eddy, Thomas Mears. O., 1823-1874. A Methodist minister of Chicago, who published Patriotism of Illinois, a history of that State during the Civil War.

Eddy, Zachary. Vt., 1815-1891. A Presbyterian minister of Augusta, Georgia. Immanuel, or the Life of Christ; Hymns of the Church; Songs of the Church.

Edes, Henry Herbert. Ms., 1849- ——. A Boston merchant of antiquarian tastes, who has published Charlestown’s Historic Points; Memorial of Josiah Barker.

Edes, Robert Thaxter. Me., 1838- ——. A physician of Washington. Nature and Time in the Cure of Diseases; Physiology and Pathology of the Sympathetic or Ganglionic Nervous System; Therapeutical Handbook of United States Pharmacopœia; Text Book of Therapeutics and Materia Medica.

Edgar, Cornelius Henry. N. J., 1811-1884. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Easton, Pennsylvania. Lectures on Slavery; Discourses on the Death of Lincoln; Curse of Canaan Rightly Interpreted; Exposition of the Nine Last Wars (1867).

Edgren, August Hjalmar. Sn., 1840- ——. A Swedish scholar who came to the United States in 1862, and served for a time in the Federal army, and afterwards in the Swedish army. Since 1884 he has been professor of languages in the University of Nebraska. Complete Sanskrit Grammar; German and English Dictionary (with W. D. Whitney, infra); The Literature of America (in Swedish); Public Schools and Colleges of the United States; Swedish Literature in America; American Antiquities.

Edmonds, John Worth. N. Y., 1799-1874. A prominent jurist of New York city, noted as an ardent defender of Spiritualism. Spiritualism (with G. T. Dexter); Reports of Select Law Cases; Letters and Tracts on Spiritualism.

Edwards, Bela Bates. Ms., 1802-1852. A Congregational clergyman, professor in Andover Theological Seminary, and editor of the Bibliotheca Sacra. He published an Eclectic Reader; Biography of Self-made Men; Memoirs of E. Cornelius; but his principal work was in the line of religious editorship. See Memoir by E. A. Parks, infra.

Edwards, Charles. E., 1797-1868. A New York lawyer who was counsel to the British consulate. The Juryman’s Guide; Parties to Bills and Other Pleadings; Feathers from my Own Wings; Receivers in Chancery; Reports of Chancery Cases; Receivers in Equity; Referees; History and Poetry of Finger Rings; Pleasantries about Courts and Lawyers.

Edwards, Emory. Va., 1841- ——. A naval engineer who served in the United States navy as assistant engineer, 1864-68, and was subsequently employed in a similar capacity in the merchant marine service. A Catechism of the Marine Steam Engine; Modern American Locomotive Engines; Modern American Marine Engines, Boilers, and Screw Propellers; The Practical Steam Engineer’s Guide. Bai.

Edwards, George Wharton. Ct., 1860- ——. An artist and writer of short stories living at Plainfield, New Jersey. P’tit Matinic’, and Other Monotones; Thumb-Nail Sketches; The Rivalries of Long and Short Codiac; Break o’ Day and Other Stories. Cent.

Edwards, Harry Stillwell. Ga., 1854- ——. A littérateur and journalist of Macon, Georgia. Two Runaways and Other Stories; Sons and Fathers. Cent. Ra.

Edwards, James Thomas. N. J., 1838- ——. A Methodist clergyman and educator of Baltimore. The Grass Family; The Voice Tree; The Silva of Chautauqua Lake.

Edwards, John. W., 1806-1887. A Welsh poet who came to America in 1828, and settled in central New York. He was long prominent amongst Welsh residents in the United States, and published two volumes of verse, The Crucifixion; The Omnipresence of God.

Edwards, John Ellis. N. C., 1814-1891. A Methodist clergyman of Richmond, Virginia. Life of John Wesley Childs; Random Sketches and Notes of European Travel; The Confederate Soldier; Log Meeting-House.

Edwards, Jonathan. Ct., 1703-1757. A Congregational clergyman who must be called the most subtle reasoner the New World has ever produced. He was the son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational minister of East Windsor, Connecticut, and was minister at Northampton, Massachusetts, 1727-50. From 1751 to 1758 he served as missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, and the last month of his life was president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He was the greatest defender of Calvinism that has ever lived, and as a preacher had an extraordinary influence. His famous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” is the best example of the pitiless, ferocious realism of his style. His chief work is the celebrated Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will, a masterpiece of acute, precise, and original thinking. His other works include Notes on the Mind and Natural Science, written when he was between 15 and 16 years of age; The Religious Affections; Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit; Nature of True Virtue; God’s Last End in the Creation; Treatise on Grace; Doctrine of Original Sin Defended; Inquiry into the Qualifications for Communion; Thoughts for the Revival of Religion; History of the Redemption; Life of David Brainerd. See Lives by S. E. Dwight, supra; S. Hopkins, infra; A. V. G. Allen, 1889, supra; Sparks’s American Biography, vol. 8; Tyler’s American Literature; Duyckinck’s Cyclopedia; Allibone’s Dictionary.

Edwards, Jonathan, Jr. Ms., 1745-1801. Son of Jonathan Edwards, supra. A Congregational clergyman of great ability who was president of Union College. Treatise on Liberty and Necessity; Discourses on the Atonement. See Memoir by Tryon Edwards, infra; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

Edwards, Justin. Ms., 1787-1853. A Congregational clergyman, prominent in the temperance movement. Beside a Sabbath Manual; Temperance Manual, he published a great number of tracts. See Memoir by W. Hallock, 1854.

Edwards, Morgan. W., 1722-1795. A Welsh Baptist clergyman who came to America in 1761, and was the foremost colonial minister of his faith. He was one of the founders of Brown University. Materials Toward a History of the Baptists in Pennsylvania; Materials Toward a History of the Baptists in New Jersey.

Edwards, Ninian Wirt. Ky., 1809-1889. A prominent jurist of Illinois, son of Ninian Edwards, governor of that State. History of Illinois and Ninian Edwards.

Edwards, Tryon. Ct., 1809-1894. A grandson of Jonathan Edwards, Jr. A Congregational clergyman who edited the Works of Joseph Bellamy, supra, with Memoir; the Works of his grandfather; and published, among other works, Christianity a Philosophy of Principles; Self-Cultivation; Light for the Day; Wonders of the Word; Anecdotes for the Family.

Edwards, William Emory. Va., 1842-1903. Son of J. E. Edwards, supra. A Methodist clergyman of Virginia who was the author of John Newson, a Tale of College Life.

Edwards, William Henry. N. Y., 1822- ——. A naturalist of Coalburgh, West Virginia. The Butterflies of North America; Voyage up the Amazon. Hou.

Egan, Maurice Francis. Pa., 1852- ——. A journalist and littérateur, now professor at the Roman Catholic University of Notre Dame, Indiana. His prose writings include That Girl of Mine; That Lover of Mine; A Garden of Roses; Stories of Duty; The Life Around Us; The Theatre and Christian Parents; Modern Novelists; Lectures on English Literature; The Disappearance of Mr. Longworthy; A Primer of English Literature; A Gentleman; A Marriage of Reason; The Success of Patrick Desmond; The Flower of the Flock. In verse he has published Preludes; Songs and Sonnets, and Other Poems. Mg.

Egar, John Hodson. E., 1832- ——. An Episcopal clergyman of Rome, New York. The Threefold Grace of the Holy Trinity; Christendom, Ecclesiastical and Political.

Eggleston, Edward. Ind., 1837-1902. A novelist long resident near Lake George, New York, who, in the early part of his career, was a Methodist minister. He was especially successful in depicting life in southern Indiana in pioneer days, his first important work, The Hoosier Schoolmaster, attracting widespread notice. Other fictions by him include The End of the World; The Circuit Rider; Roxy; The Graysons, a story of Illinois; The Faith Doctor; The Hoosier Schoolboy; Queer Stories; Schoolmasters’ Stories for Boys and Girls; Mr. Blake’s Walking-Stick; Duffels. Still other works are Sunday-School Manual; Counsel for Teachers; School History of the United States; Household History of the United States; First Book in American History; Stories of Great Americans; The Beginners of a Nation, the first volume in a History of Life in the United States. In collaboration with his daughter, Mrs. Seelye, infra, he wrote Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet; Pocahontas; Brandt and Red Jacket; Montezuma. See Vedder’s American Writers. Am. Ap. Cent. Do. Scr.

Eggleston, George Cary. Ind., 1839- ——. Brother of E. Eggleston, supra. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army, and afterwards filled several journalistic positions in New York city, becoming editor of the Commercial Advertiser in 1886. His writings are mainly for young people. How to Educate Yourself; A Man of Honor; A Rebel’s Recollections; How to Make a Living; How to Make Money; The Big Brother, or a Story of the Indian War; Captain Sam; Signal Boys; The Wreck of the Red Bird; Strange Stories from History for Young People; Red Eagle; Juggernaut: a Veiled Record (with Dolores Marbourg). Do. Fo. Har. Put.

Egle, William Henry. Pa., 1830-1901. A physician and local historian of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. History of Pennsylvania; History of Dauphin County; History of Lebanon County; Historical Register; Pennsylvania Genealogies, Scotch-Irish and German; Pennsylvania in the Revolution; Notes and Queries relative to Interior Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Archives (edited with J. B. Linn, infra), in 12 volumes.

Egleston, Thomas. N. Y., 1832-1900. A metallurgist of note, professor of mineralogy at Columbia College from 1864. Metallurgy of Silver; Catalogue of Minerals; Lectures on Mineralogy; Life of John Patterson, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution. Wil.

Eidlitz, Leopold. Bo., 1823-1896. An architect of New York city. The Nature and Function of Art.

Elder, Cyrus. Pa., 1833- ——. Nephew of W. Elder, infra. A revenue commissioner of Pennsylvania. Dream of a Free-Trade Paradise; Man and Labor; Short Studies; May Gift, in verse.

Elder, George A. M. Ky., 1794-1838. A Roman Catholic priest who founded the College of St. Joseph, at Bardstown, Kentucky, and was its first president. He wrote Letters to Brother Jonathan.

Elder, Mrs. Susan [Blanchard]. La., 1835- ——. A littérateur of New Orleans who has written extensively for Roman Catholic periodicals. The Loss of the Papacy; James the Second; Savonarola; Ellen Fitzgerald, a Southern tale.

Elder, William. Pa., 1806-1885. A Philadelphia physician, prominent as an abolitionist. Periscopics, a volume of miscellanies; The Enchanted Beauty; Life of Dr. Kane, infra; The Debt and Resources of the United States (1863); Questions of the Day, Economic and Social; Conversations on the Principal Subjects of Political Economy. Bai.

Eliot, Charles William. Ms., 1834- ——. Son of S. A. Eliot, infra. A distinguished educator who has been president of Harvard University since 1869. Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis; Manual of Inorganic Chemistry (with Storer).

Eliot, Jared. Ct., 1685-1763. Grandson of John Eliot, 1st, infra. A Congregational clergyman of Killingworth, Connecticut, 1707-63, famous in his day as an agriculturist, physician, and scientist. He was awarded a medal by the London Institute in 1786 “for producing malleable iron from American Black Sand.” Essays upon Field and Husbandry, and many single sermons.

Eliot, John. E., 1604-1690. A Puritan minister of Roxbury who came to America in 1631, and is famous in history as the “Indian Apostle.” He is chiefly remembered for his famous translation of the Bible into the Indian language, but he was the author of other works, among which are the Communion of Churches; The Harmony of the Gospels; Dying Speeches of Several Indians; The Indian Primer; Indian Logic Primer. See Sparks’s American Biography; Life by R. B. Caverly; Appleton’s American Biography; Hart’s American Literature.

Eliot, John. Ms., 1754-1813. A clergyman of Boston, pastor of the New North Congregational church, 1779-1813, and author of the New England Biographical Dictionary.

Eliot, Samuel Atkins. Ms., 1798-1862. A citizen of Boston who was mayor 1837-39, and published Observations on the Bible for the Use of Young Persons; Sketch of the History of Harvard College.

Eliot, Samuel. Ms., 1821-1898. A New England educator of prominence, at one time president of Trinity College. History of Liberty; Manual of United States History; Life and Times of Savonarola.

Eliot, William Greenleaf. Ms., 1811-1887. A Unitarian clergyman of St. Louis, chancellor of Washington University there, 1872-87. Doctrines of Christianity; Early Religious Education; Lectures to Young Men; Lectures to Young Women; Discipline of Sorrow; Manual of Prayer; The Unity of God; The Story of Archer Alexander from Slavery to Freedom; Home Life and Influence. A. U. A.

Ellet, Charles. Pa., 1810-1862. An engineer of note who built the first wire suspension bridge in America. He served during the Civil War as a colonel in the Federal army, and was killed in an engagement on the Mississippi. Physical Geography of the Mississippi Valley; Coast and Harbor Defences; The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, with Plans for Protecting the Delta from Inundation. Lip.

Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth Fries [Lummis]. N. Y., 1818-1877. A once popular miscellaneous writer whose historical works were the outcome of a good deal of research and are not without value, but whose productions as a whole have little of the quality of permanence. They include Domestic History of the American Revolution; Women of the American Revolution; Court Circles of the Republic; Queens of American Society; Pioneer Women of the West; Novelettes of the Musicians; Rambles in the West; The Practical Housekeeper; Family Pictures from the Bible; Evenings at Woodlawn; Poems, Original and Selected; Teresa Contarini, a tragedy; Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily; The Characters of Schiller; Women Artists in All Ages. Har.

Ellinwood, Frank Fields. N. Y., 1826- ——. A Presbyterian clergyman, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. The Great Conquest; Oriental Religions and Christianity. Scr.

Elliot, Benjamin. S. C., 1786-1836. A South Carolina jurist who published Refutation of Calumnies respecting the Institution and Existence of Slavery; The Militia System of South Carolina.

Elliot, George Henry. Ms., 1831-1900. A military engineer in the service of the United States. European Light-House Systems; The Presidio of San Francisco.

Elliot, Henry Rutherford. 1849- ——. A journalist of New York city. The Basset Claim, a Story of Life in Washington; The Common Chord, a Story of the Ninth Ward. Cas.

Elliot, Samuel Hayes. Vt., 1809-1869. A Congregational clergyman of New Haven. Rolling Ridge, or the Book of Four-and-Twenty Chapters; The Parish Side; Dreams and Realities; New England’s Chattels, or Life in a Northern Poor-House; The Attractions of New Haven.

Elliott, Charles. I., 1792-1869. A Methodist clergyman, at one period president of Iowa Wesleyan University. Treatise on Baptism; Delineation of Roman Catholicism; Life of Bishop Roberts; History of the Great Secession from the Methodist Episcopal Church; Political Romanism; Reminiscences of the Wyandotte Mission; Southwestern Methodism; The Bible and Slavery; Sinfulness of American Slavery. Meth.

Elliott, Charles. S., 1815-1892. A Presbyterian minister, professor of Hebrew at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. The Sabbath; The Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; Vindication of the Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch.

Elliott, Charles Wyllys. Ct., 1817-1883. A New York writer, at one time a landscape gardener of note. The Book of American Interiors; Pottery and Porcelain; Remarkable Characters and Places in the Holy Land; Cottages and Cottage Life; Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Supernatural; St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero, Toussaint l’Ouverture; New England History, from its Discovery by the Northmen; Wind and Whirlwind, a novel. Ap. Hou.

Elliott, Ezekiel Brown. Sn., 1823-1888. A government statistician of note. Unification of International Coinage.

Elliott, Franklin Reuben. Ct., 1817-1878. A horticulturist of Cleveland. The Western Fruit Book; Popular Deciduous and Evergreen Trees; Handbook for Fruit Growers; Handbook of Practical Landscape Gardening.

Elliott, Henry Wood. O., 1846- ——. Son of F. R. Elliott, supra. An artist in the employ of the Smithsonian Institution. Monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska; Our Arctic Provinces. Scr.

Elliott, John. Ct., 1768-1824. A Congregational minister at Madison, Connecticut, 1791-1824, co-author with S. Johnson of the first American dictionary of the English language.

Elliott, Jonathan. E., 1784-1846. A publicist of Washington who published American Diplomatic Code; Debate on Adoption of the Constitution; Funding System of the United States; Statistics of the United States; The Comparative Tariffs; Sketches of the District of Columbia. Lip.

Elliott, Mrs. Maud [Howe]. Ms., 1855- ——. Daughter of S. G. Howe, infra. A fiction-writer of Chicago. Atalanta in the South; Mammon; A Newport Aquarelle; The San Rosario Ranch; Honor; Phyllida. Mer. Rob.

Elliott, Sarah Barnwell. 18— - ——. Granddaughter of S. Elliott, infra. Jerry; John Paget, a novel of New York and Newport; The Felmeres. Ho.

Elliott, Stephen. S. C., 1771-1830. A naturalist of South Carolina, and a professor in the State Medical College. His son Stephen, 1800-1866, was the first Episcopal bishop of Georgia, and his grandson, Robert Woodward Barnwell Elliott, 1840-1887, the first bishop of Western Texas. The Botany of South Carolina and Georgia.

Elliott, William. S. C., 1788-1863. Nephew of S. Elliott, supra. A politician of Beaufort, South Carolina, who published the tragedy of Fiesco; Carolina Sports by Land and Water.

Ellis, Charles Mayo. Ms., 1818-1878. A Boston lawyer of prominence as an abolitionist, who published a History of Roxbury.

Ellis, Edward Sylvester. O., 1840- ——. A popular writer of school text-books and juvenile tales, who was for a number of years an instructor in Trenton, New Jersey. Among his numerous writings are included The People’s Standard History of the United States; several school histories of the United States; From the Throttle to the President’s Chair; Lost in Samoa; The Camp Fires of General Lee; The Hunters of the Ozark; The Last War Trail; Righting the Wrong; Up the Tapajos; Down the Mississippi; Life of Daniel Boone; Storm Mountain. Am. Cas. Co. Mer.

Ellis, George Edward. Ms., 1814-1894. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston who was pastor of the Harvard Church in Charlestown, 1840-69, and for many years president of the Massachusetts Historical Society. He was an enthusiastic historical student with positive convictions. They were, however, held without bitterness or prejudice. A Half Century of the Unitarian Controversy; Evidences of Christianity; The Red Man and the White in North America; The Organ and Church Music; Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Massachusetts; Memoirs of Count Rumford, Jared Sparks, Jacob Bigelow, Luther Bell, and others; Lives of John Mason, Anne Hutchinson, and William Penn, in Sparks’s American Biography; History of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay is his most important work. Hou. Lit.

Ellis, Sumner. Ms., 1828-1886. A Universalist clergyman of Boston and Chicago. At Our Best, and Other Essays; Life of E. H. Chapin, supra; Hints on Preaching. See Memorial by C. R. Moor, 1887. Meth.

Ellsworth, Erastus Wolcott. Ct., 1822- ——. An inventor of Connecticut who published in 1855 a volume of poems of very uneven excellence, some of which were popular for a time.

Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt. Ct., 1791-1858. A commissioner of patents who was a son of the noted jurist, Oliver Ellsworth. Digest of Patents from 1770 to 1859.

Ellsworth, Henry William. Ct., 1814-1864. Son of H. L. Ellsworth. A lawyer of Indiana. Sketch of the Upper Mississippi Valley; American Swine-Breeder.

Ellsworth, Mrs. Mary Wolcott [Janvrin]. N. H., 1830-1870. A writer for periodicals. Peace, or the Stolen Will; An Hour with the Children; Smith’s Saloon.

Ellwanger, George Herman. N. Y., 1848- ——. Brother of H. B. Ellwanger, infra. A writer of Rochester, New York. The Garden’s Story; The Story of My House; In Gold and Silver; Idyllists of the Country-Side. Love’s Demesne, a Garland of Contemporary Love Poems. Ap. Do.

Ellwanger, Henry Brooks. N. Y., 1851-1883. A horticulturist of Rochester, New York. The Rose, a Treatise on Cultivation, History, etc., of Roses. Do.

Elmendorf, John James. N. Y., 1827-1896. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of philosophy in Racine College, Wisconsin, 1867-88, and later connected with the Western Theological Seminary at Chicago. Manual of Rites and Ritual; History of Philosophy; Outlines of Logic; Aspects of Modern Philosophy; Moral Philosophy.

Elmer, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus. N. J., 1793-1883. A jurist of Bridgeton, New Jersey, who published a Digest of the Laws of New Jersey, commonly styled “Nixon’s Digest;” Genealogy of the Elmer Family; History of Cumberland County; History of New Jersey.

Elsberg, Louis. P., 1836-1885. A physician of New York city. Laryngoscopal Medication; The Throat and its Functions.

Elson, Louis Charles. Ms., 1848- ——. A Boston journalist, editor of the Vox Humana. History of Music; History of German Song; Curiosities of Music. Dit.

Elton, Romeo. Ct., 1790-1870. A once prominent clergyman of the Baptist faith, at one time a professor in Brown University, who was author of a Life of Roger Williams.

Elwell, Edward Henry. Me., 1825-1890. A journalist of Portland, Maine. Portland and Vicinity; The Boys of Thirty-Five, a Story of a Seaport Town.

Elwyn, Alfred Langdon. N. H., 1804-1884. A noted Philadelphia philanthropist. Bonaparte, a poem; Glossary of Supposed Americanisms; Melancholy and its Musings; Hints to the City on Intemperance.

Ely, Ezra Stiles. Ct., 1786-1861. A Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia. Contrast between Calvinism and Hopkinsianism; Endless Punishment; The Science of the Human Mind; Sermons on Faith; Visits of Mercy; Memoir of Zebulon Ely; The Contrast; Ely’s Journal.

Ely, Richard Theodore. N. Y., 1854- ——. A political economist of distinction, professor of political economy at Wisconsin University since 1892. French and German Socialism in Modern Times; The Past and Present of Political Economy; Taxation in American States and Cities; Problems of To-Day; Political Economy; Social Aspects of Christianity; Outlines of Economics. See Bibliography of Wisconsin. Fl. Har. Meth.

Embury, Mrs. Emma Catharine [Manly]. N. Y., 1806-1863. A writer of verse and prose whose home was in Brooklyn. Her various works include Guido and Other Poems; The Blind Girl and Other Tales; The Waldorf Family, a Fairy Tale; Female Education; Glimpses of Home Life; Pictures of Early Life; Poems; Token of Flowers; Nature’s Gems, or American Wild Flowers; Love’s Token Flowers, a collection of verse.

Emerson, Alfred. Pa., 1859- ——. An archæologist, professor at Cornell University since 1891. Dissertatio de Hercule Homerico.

Emerson, Charles Noble. Ms., 1821-1869. A Massachusetts lawyer, commissioner of revenue, who published Internal Revenue Guide; Handbook of Internal Revenue for Popular Use.

Emerson, Edward Waldo. Ms., 1844- ——. Son of R. W. Emerson, infra. An instructor in art anatomy, living at Concord, Massachusetts. Emerson in Concord. Hou.

Emerson, Mrs. Ellen [Russell]. Ms., 1837- ——. A Boston writer upon art and Indian mythology. Indian Myths; Masks, Heads, and Faces, with Considerations Respecting the Rise and Development of Art. Hou.

Emerson, Frederick. N. H., 1788-1857. A once prominent Boston educator who published a series of popular arithmetics, chief among which was the North American Arithmetic.

Emerson, George Barrell. Me., 1797-1881. An educator of Boston of much prominence and wide influence. Lectures on Education; The School and the Schoolmaster (with A. Potter, infra); Manual of Agriculture (with C. L. Flint); Report on the Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts; Reminiscences of an Old Teacher. See Harvard Register, May, 1881. Lit.

Emerson, Joseph. N. H., 1777-1833. A New England clergyman and educator, author of Lectures on the Millennium. See Life by R. Emerson, infra.

Emerson, Ralph. N. H., 1787-1862. Brother of J. Emerson, supra. A Congregational clergyman, professor in Andover Theological Seminary, 1829-53, and author of Life of Joseph Emerson, and translation of Wisgon’s Augustinianism and Pelagianism.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Ms., 1803-1882. The most distinguished of American essayists, and by some critics ranked as the foremost American poet when the substance of his poetry is considered apart from its form. He was ordained in 1829 as a Unitarian minister in Boston, but retired from the profession in 1833, and the next year settled in Concord, Massachusetts, where the remainder of his life was spent. He succeeded Margaret Fuller as editor of The Dial, and was the most prominent figure among the Transcendentalists. As a lecturer he was frequently before the public, and in his writings faced a world-wide public as a philosophical thinker. His first volume of Poems appeared in 1847, followed in 1867 by May-Day and Other Pieces. His prose writings are comprised in Nature; Essays, first and second series; Representative Men; English Traits; Conduct of Life; Society and Solitude; Letters and Social Aims; Lectures and Biographical Sketches; Miscellanies; Natural History of Intellect, and Other Papers. See Scribner’s Magazine, February, 1879; Century Magazine, April, 1883; Fraser’s Magazine, May, 1867; Harper’s Magazine, February, 1884; Conway’s Emerson at Home and Abroad; Correspondence between Carlyle and Emerson; Benton’s Emerson as a Poet; Emerson in Concord; Appletons’ American Biography; Stedman’s American Poets; Lives by Cabot (1887), Garnett, Ireland, Holmes, Cooke; Guernsey’s Emerson as Poet and Philosopher; Nichol’s American Literature; Richardson’s American Literature; New England Magazine, December, 1896; Emerson-Stirling Letters; Atlantic Monthly, January, and February, 1897; Peterson’s Magazine, February, 1897; The Forum, November, 1896; The Arena, March, 1896. Hou.

Emerton, Ephraim. Ms., 1851- ——. A professor of history at Harvard University. Introduction to the Study of Mediæval History; Synopsis of the History of Continental Europe; The Practical Method in Higher Historical Instruction; Sir William Temple und die Tripleallianz vom Jahre 1668; Mediæval Europe, 814-1300. Gi.

Emerton, James Henry. Ms., 1847- ——. A naturalist of eminence. Structure and Habits of Spiders; Life on the Seashore. Wn.

Emmerton, James Arthur. Ms., 1834-1888. A New England genealogist and physician. Eighteenth Century Baptisms in Salem, Massachusetts; Record of the 23d Massachusetts Regiment; Materials towards an Emmerton Genealogy.

Emmet, Thomas Addis. I., 1764-1827. An Irish patriot who came to the United States in 1804 and settled in New York city, where he practiced law. He was a brother of the famous Robert Emmet. Pieces of Irish History. See Memoir by C. G. Haynes.

Emmet, Thomas Addis. Va., 1828- ——. Grandson of T. A. Emmet, supra. A physician and surgeon of New York city, whose chief work is The Principles and Practice of Gynecology.

Emmons, Ebenezer. Ms., 1799-1863. A noted geologist who in the latter part of his life was attached to the State geological survey of North Carolina. Manual of Mineralogy and Geology; American Geology.

Emmons, George Foster. Vt., 1811-1884. A rear-admiral in the United States service who wrote The Navy of the United States from 1775 to 1853.

Emmons, Nathanael. Ct., 1745-1840. A once noted Congregational minister at Franklin, Massachusetts, 1773-1840. His theological works in six volumes, with Memoir by J. Ide, appeared in 1842. A later edition contains a Memoir by E. H. Park, infra. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

Emmons, Samuel Franklin. Ms., 1841- ——. A geologist in government service. Descriptive Geology; Geological and Mining Industries of Leadville; Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals (with G. F. Becker, supra).

Emory, John. Md., 1789-1835. A Methodist bishop of prominence in his denomination. The Divinity of Christ Vindicated; Defence of Our Fathers. See Life by R. Emory, infra. Meth.

Emory, Robert. Pa., 1814-1848. Son of J. Emory, supra. A Methodist minister and educator who was president of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1842-48. Life of Bishop Emory; History of the Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Meth.

Emory, William Helmsley. Md., 1811-1887. Cousin of J. Emory, supra. An army officer who retired from the United States service in 1876 with the rank of brigadier-general. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Missouri and California, 1848; Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission.

Endicott, Charles Moses. Ms., 1793-1863. A writer of Salem, Massachusetts, who was at one time commander of a merchantman. Life of John Endicott; The Persian Poet, a tragedy; Rights and Duties of Nations; Three Orations.

Endress, Christian. Pa., 1755-1827. A Lutheran clergyman of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who published in German The Kingdom of Heaven not Susceptible of Union with Temporal Monarchy and Aristocracy.

Engelmann, George Julius. Mo., 1847-1903. A St. Louis physician, founder of the Polyclinic School of Medicine in that city. Labor among Primitive Peoples, or the Development of Obstetric Science.

England, John. I., 1786-1842. A Roman Catholic prelate who was appointed bishop of Charleston in 1820, and came to America in that year. He was eminent as a lecturer and orator, whose influence both within and without his church was widespread and beneficent. Letters on Slavery are among his writings. See Works, 8 vols., 1849.

Engles, William Morrison. Pa., 1797-1867. A Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia, for many years editor of The Presbyterian. Records of the Presbyterian Church; English Martyrology; Sick-Room Devotion; Bible Dictionary; Sailor’s Companion; Soldier’s Pocket Book.

English, George Bethune. Ms., 1787-1828. A versatile adventurer who wrote The Grounds of Christianity Examined, which was answered by Edward Everett, and this brought a rejoinder from English entitled Five Smooth Stones out of the Brook. He published also Narrative of the Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar.

English, Thomas Dunn. Pa., 1819-1902. A physician and poet of Newark, New Jersey, widely known by his famous song Ben Bolt, first published in 1843. His various writings include Walter Woolfe, a novel; Poems; 1844, or the Power of the S. F., a political satire; Ambrose Fecit, or the Peer and the Painter; American Ballads; Book of Battle Lyrics; Jacob Schuyler’s Millions. Har.

Errett, Isaac. N. Y., 1820-1888. A Campbellite clergyman of Cincinnati. Debate on Spiritualism; Brief View of Missions; Walks about Jerusalem; Talks to Bereans; Letters to Young Christians; Evenings with the Bible, comprise the most of his writing.

Esling, Mrs. Catherine Harbeson [Waterman]. Pa., 1812- ——. A verse-writer of Philadelphia who published The Broken Bracelet and Other Poems in 1850.

Esling, Charles Henry Augustine. Pa., 1845- ——. A lawyer of Philadelphia, author of Life of Saint Germaine Cousin, the Shepherdess of Pibrae.

Espy, James Pollard. Pa., 1785-1860. A meteorologist of Philadelphia, sometimes called “the storm king,” who published The Philosophy of Storms (1841).

Evans, Augusta Jones. See Wilson, Mrs. Augusta.

Evans, Edward Payson. N. Y., 1833- ——. An Oriental scholar who has lived chiefly in Europe. Abriss der deutschen Literaturgeschichte; Progressive German Reader; translation of Stahr’s Life and Works of Lessing.

Evans, Mrs. Elizabeth Edson [Gibson]. R. I., 1833- ——. Wife of E. P. Evans, supra. The Abuse of Maternity; Laura, an American Girl; The Story of Kaspar Hauser; The Story of Louis XVII. of France.

Evans, Frederick William. E., 1808-1893. An elder among the Shakers of Lebanon, New York, from 1838. He wrote and lectured much, and possessed great influence in his sect. Compendium of Origin, History, and Doctrines of Shakers; Shaker Communism; Autobiography of a Shaker; Second Appearing of Christ; Test of Divine Inspiration, are his chief works.

Evans, Hugh Davy. Md., 1792-1868. A Baltimore lawyer, conspicuous for loyalty to the Union during the Civil War, who wrote on legal and High Church topics. Essay on Pleading; Maryland Common Law Practice; Essay on the Episcopate; Treatise on the Christian Doctrine of Marriage; Essays on the Validity of Anglican Ordination; Theophilus Americanus. Hou.

Evans, Lewis. Circa 1700-1756. A surveyor and geographer of Philadelphia who published Geographical, Historical, Political, and Mechanical Essays.

Evans, Mrs. Lizzie Phelps [Esterbrook]. Ms., 1846- ——. A writer of Somerville, Massachusetts. Aunt Nabby; From Summer to Summer.

Evans, Nathaniel. Pa., 1742-1767. An Episcopal clergyman stationed as a missionary in Gloucester County, New Jersey. Poems on Several Occasions, with Memoir by Wm. Smith, appeared in 1772.

Evans, Oliver. Del., 1755-1819. A once famous inventor who constructed the first high-pressure steam-engine. The Young Engineer’s Guide; Miller and Millwright’s Guide.

Evans [ĭv´anz], Thomas. Pa., 1798-1868. A Quaker controversialist of Philadelphia who was an active opponent of the doctrines of Thomas Hicks, infra, and published an Exposition of the Faith of the Religious Society of Friends.

Evans, Thomas Wiltberger. Pa., 1823-1897. A famous dentist, resident in Paris from 1848, through whose aid the Empress Eugénie escaped from that city in 1870. History of the American Ambulance in Paris during the Siege, 1870-71; Sanitary Institutions during the Austro-Prussian-Italian Conflict, 1868; Lettres sur le Gouvernement des États Unis; La Commission Sanitaire des États Unis.

Eve, Paul Fitzsimmons. Ga., 1806-1877. A distinguished surgeon of Nashville during the Civil War, surgeon-general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. Collection of Remarkable Cases in Surgery; One Hundred Cases of Lithotomy; The Inhumanity of Capital Punishment by Hanging.

Everest, Harvey William. N. Y., 1831- ——. A clergyman and educator of the Christian denomination. The Divine Demonstration: a Text-Book of Christian Evidence.

Everett, Alexander Hill. Ms., 1792-1847. Brother of E. Everett, infra. An able member of the diplomatic service of the United States who was minister to Spain, 1825-29, and to the Chinese Empire at the time of his death. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays; Poems; Europe: a General Survey; America: a General Survey. See Allibone’s Dictionary.

Everett, Charles Carroll. Me., 1829-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, dean of the theological faculty of Harvard University from 1878, and a profound and independent philosophical thinker. The Science of Thought; Religions before Christianity; Fichte’s Science of Knowledge, a Critical Exposition; Poetry, Comedy, and Duty; Ethics for Young People; The Gospel of Paul. Gi. Hou. Sc.

Everett, David. Ms., 1770-1813. A Boston journalist who wrote the famous lines beginning,— “You’d scarce expect one of my age To speak in public on the stage.” Common Sense in Déshabillé, or the Farmer’s Monitor; Daranzel, or the Persian Poet, a tragedy.

Everett, Edward. Ms., 1794-1865. A distinguished Massachusetts statesman famous for his oratory. He was ordained to the Unitarian ministry in 1813, but soon retired from the profession and entered political life, becoming a congressman in 1825. After that date he was successively governor of Massachusetts, president of Harvard College, and secretary of state. He achieved a wide popularity, and his literary style was greatly admired. His work has, however, failed to retain its hold upon attention, and his polished sentences now find a constantly lessening circle of readers. Defence of Christianity; Orations and Speeches; Mount Vernon Papers; Importance of Practical Education. See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Allibone’s Dictionary; Appleton’s American Biography. Lit.

Everett, Edward Franklin. Ms., 1840-1899. A Boston genealogist who published genealogies of the families of Capen and Everett.

Everett, Erastus. Ms., 1813-1900. An educator once prominent in Brooklyn. System of English Versification; Progress, a poem.

Everett, William. Ms., 1839- ——. Son of E. Everett, supra. At one time an instructor in Harvard University, afterward master of the Adams Academy at Quincy, Massachusetts, member of Congress in 1893, and an active political speaker. College Essays; On the Cam: Lecture on Cambridge University; the poem Hesione, or Europe Unchained; School Sermons. His books for boys include Thine not Mine; Changing Base; Double Play. Rob.

Everhart, Benjamin Mablack. Pa., 1818-1904. A Pennsylvania botanist, co-author with J. B. Ellis of The North American Pyrenomycetes.

Everhart, James Bowen. Pa., 1821-1888. Brother of B. M. Everhart, supra. A Pennsylvanian politician and congressman who published Miscellanies; Poems; The Fox Chase, a Poem.

Everts, Orpheus. Ind., 1826- ——. A physician of Cincinnati. Giles & Co., or Views and Interviews concerning Civilization; What Shall we Do with the Drunkard? Clke.

Everts, William Wallace. N. Y., 1814-1890. A Baptist clergyman of Chicago, and later of Jersey City, among whose many published works are included The Pastor’s Hand-Book; Bible Prayer-Book; The Voyage of Life; Manhood, its Duties and Responsibilities; Promise and Training of Childhood; Words in Earnest; The Baptist Layman’s Book; The Sabbath; The Christian Apostolate; Life of John Foster. Bap. Fu. Rev.

Ewbank, Thomas. E., 1792-1870. A scientist of New York, at one period commissioner of patents. Thoughts on Matter and Force; Hydraulics; The World a Workshop; Life in Brazil; Experiments in Marine Propulsion; Reminiscences in the Patent Office. Har. Scr.

Ewell, Marshall Davis. Mch., 1844- ——. A lawyer of Chicago, and professor of law in Union College of Law in Chicago. Blackwell on Tax Titles; Treatise on the Law of Fixtures; Essentials of the Law; Manual of Medical Jurisprudence.

Ewer, Ferdinand Cartwright. Ms., 1826-1883. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city of the extreme ritualistic school, whose Sermons on the Failure of Protestantism attracted much attention at the time of their delivery. His other writings include The Operation of the Holy Spirit; Grammar of Theology; Two Eventful Nights, or the Fallibility of Spiritualism Exposed; Sanctity and Other Sermons. See American Church Review, December, 1883; Sermons of, with Memoir by C. T. Congdon, supra.

Ewing, Finis. Va., 1773-1841. A Presbyterian clergyman who with two others organized the Cumberland Presbyterian church in 1810. Lectures on Divinity is an exposition of the doctrines of the sect.

Ewing, Hugh Boyle. O., 1826- ——. A general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and minister to the Netherlands, 1866-70. A Castle in the Air; Ladron, a Tale of Early California.

Ewing, John. Md., 1732-1802. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1777-1802, and eminent in his day as a scientific observer. He published an Account of the Transit of Venus, and his Lectures on Natural Philosophy were issued after his death.

Eyster, Mrs. Nellie [Blessing]. Md., 1831- ——. A writer for young people, formerly living in Pennsylvania, now in California. Sunny Hours; Chincapin Charlie; Tom Harding; Lionel Wintour’s Diary; A Colonial Boy. Lo.

F

Fabbri, Cora Randall. N. Y., 1871-1892. A verse-writer of Italian descent whose volume of Lyrics was published but a few days before her death. Har.

Fabens, Joseph Warren. Ms., 1821-1875. A native of Salem, Massachusetts, who was an envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Dominican republic. The Camel Hunt, a Narrative of Personal Adventure; Story of Life on the Isthmus; Facts about Santo Domingo; The Last Cigar, and Eight Other Poems; In the Tropics (probably).

Fairbairn, Robert Brinckerhoff. N. Y., 1818-1899. An Episcopal clergyman, warden of St. Stephen’s College, Annandale, New York. The Child of Faith; Sermons Preached at St. Stephen’s; Morality in its Relation to the Grace of Redemption; Unity of Faith as Influenced by Speculative Philosophy. Wh.

Fairbanks, George Rainsford. N. Y., 1820- ——. A Confederate officer during the Civil War; since 1880 a resident of Fernandina, Florida. History and Antiquities of St. Augustine; History of Florida, 1512-1842.

Fairchild, Ashbel Green. N. J., 1795-1864. A Presbyterian clergyman of Pennsylvania, among whose writings are The Great Supper, long a popular defence of Calvinism; Baptism; Faith and Works; Confession of Faith.

Fairchild, Herman Le Roy. Pa., 1850- ——. A lecturer on natural science who has written a History of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Fairchild, James Harris. Ms., 1817-1902. A Congregational clergyman, president of Oberlin College, 1866-89. Moral Philosophy; Needed Phases of Christianity; Oberlin, the Colony and the College; Elements of Theology; Woman’s Right to the Ballot.

Fairfield, Francis Gerry. Ct., 1844-1887. A New York city journalist who was in early life a Lutheran minister. The Clubs of New York; Ten Years with Spiritual Mediums. Ap.

Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra. N. Y., 1832- ——. Daughter of S. L. Fairfield, infra. Genevra, or the History of a Portrait; The Vice-President’s Daughter; The Wife of Two Husbands; The Innkeeper’s Daughter; Irene.

Fairfield, Mrs. Jane Frazee. N. J., c. 1810- ——. Wife of S. L. Fairfield, infra, of whom she wrote a Life in 1846. She afterwards published an Autobiography.

Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln. Ms., 1803-1844. An educator of Philadelphia and elsewhere, and an ambitious versifier, whose work received very little attention from the public. Abaddon, the Spirit of Destruction; Lays of Melpomene; The Sisters of St. Clara; Cities of the Plain; The Heir of the World; The Last Night of Pompeii; Poems and Prose Writings; Select Poems (1860). See Griswold’s Poets and Poetry of America.

Fales, Edward Lippitt. 18— - ——. Underneath the Mistletoe, and Other Poems; Songs and Song Legends of Dahkotah Land.

Fall, Charles Gershom. Ms., 1845- ——. A lawyer of Boston. Dreams, a volume of verse; A Village Sketch and Other Poems; Employers’ Liability for Personal Injuries to their Employés.

Fallows, Samuel. E., 1835- ——. A bishop of the Reformed Episcopal faith. In early life he was a Methodist minister, and during the Civil War a brigadier-general in the Federal army. He left Methodism for the Reformed Episcopal church in 1875, and was advanced to the episcopate the next year. The Bible Story for Young People; Complete Hand-Book of Synonyms and Antonyms; Hand-Book of Abbreviations and Contractions; Hand-Book of Briticisms, Americanisms, etc.; The Home Beyond, or Views of Heaven; Past Noon; Complete Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. He has edited a Supplemental Dictionary of the English Language. Meth. Rev.

Fanning, David. N. C., c. 1756-1825. A once famous freebooter who acted with the royalists during the American Revolution, and was one of those persons exempted by name from benefits of the general pardon. He was the author of a Narrative of Adventures in North Carolina, edited by J. H. Wheeler, and printed privately in 1861.

Fanning, John Thomas. Ct., 1837- ——. A distinguished civil engineer of Minneapolis, whose Treatise on Water Supply Engineering has had wide circulation.

Farley, Harriet. N. H., 1817- ——. A factory operative of Lowell who, in 1841 and subsequently, edited The Lowell Offering, a periodical to which she and her companions in the mills were the contributors. It attracted much attention, from its literary character. A selection from its pages, Mind among the Spindles, was published in London in 1849. Shells from the Strand of Genius is partly original and partly selected. Fancy’s Frolics, a juvenile work, appeared many years later.

Farlow, William Gilson. Ms., 1844- ——. A professor of botany in Harvard University since 1874, and the foremost American authority on cryptogamic botany. Marine Algæ of New England; The Black Knot; The Gymnosporangia of the United States; Index of Fungi; The Potato Rot; Diseases of Orange and Olive Trees.

Farman, Ella. See Pratt, Mrs.

Farmer, Henry Tudor. E., 1782-1828. A writer of English birth who came to America in early life and settled in Charleston. He published Imagination (1819); The Maniac’s Dream, and Other Poems.

Farmer, John. Ms., 1789-1838. A genealogist of New England, whose Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of New England is a much valued work. His other writings include History of Billerica; History of Amherst; Gazetteer of New Hampshire; and an edition, with notes, of Belknap’s History of New Hampshire. See Savage’s edition of the Register, 1862; Memorial by Le Bosquet.

Farmer, John. N. Y., 1798-1859. A noted cartographer of Detroit who published A Gazetteer of Michigan.

Farmer, Mrs. Lydia [Hoyt]. O., 1842-1903. A miscellaneous writer of Cleveland. Aunt Belindy’s Points of View; Boys’ Book of Famous Rulers; A Story Book of Science; Girls’ Book of Famous Queens; The Prince of the Flaming Star, an Operetta; Life of Lafayette; A Short History of the French Revolution; A Knight of Faith; A Moral Inheritance; The Doom of the Holy City. Cr. Lo. Mer. Ran.

Farmer, Silas. Mch., 1839-1902. Son of J. Farmer, supra. A publisher and antiquarian of Detroit. History of Detroit and Michigan.

Farnam, Henry Wolcott. Ct., 1853- ——. A professor of political economy at Yale University. Die Innere Französische Gewerpolitik von Colbert bis Turgot.

Farnham, Mrs. Eliza Woodson [Burhans]. N. Y., 1815-1864. Wife of T. J. Farnham, infra. A philanthropist who from 1844 to 1848 was matron at the prison of Sing Sing, and later a resident of California. Woman and her Era is her most important work. Others are Life in Prairie Land; My Early Days; The Ideal Attained; California Indoors and Out.

Farnham, John Marshall Willoughby. Me., 1829- ——. A Presbyterian missionary to China; Homeward; Farnham Genealogy; The Missionary Complaint and Appeal.

Farnham, Thomas Jefferson. Vt., 1804-1848. A lawyer who in 1839 headed an expedition to Oregon. Travels in Oregon Territory (1842); Travels in California; Memorial of the Northwest Boundary Line; Mexico, its Geography, People, and Institutions (1846).

Farquharson, Martha. See Finley, Martha.

Farrar, Charles A. J. 18— -1893. A New England writer who published Moosehead Lake and the North Maine Wilderness; Camp Life in the Wilderness; The Lake and Forest Series; Wild-Woods Life; From Lake to Lake. Le.

Farrar, Mrs. Eliza Ware [Rotch]. Bm., 1791-1870. A writer of Cambridge who was the wife of a professor of mathematics in Harvard University. She was educated in England, where her first book, Congo in Search of his Master, was written. Her other works include The Children’s Robinson Crusoe; The Young Lady’s Friend; Life of Howard; The Story of Lafayette; Youth’s Love-Letters; Recollections of Seventy Years.

Farrar, Timothy. N. H., 1788-1874. A New Hampshire jurist. Report of Dartmouth College Case; Reviews of the Dred Scott Decision; Manual of the United States Constitution.

Farrington, Margaret Vere. See Livingston, Mrs. Margaret.

Farrow, Edward Samuel. Md., 1855- ——. An army officer and engineer. West Point and the Military Academy; A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises; Mountain Scouting; Pack Mules and Packing; Farrow’s Military Encyclopædia.

Fasquelle, Jean Louis. F., 1808-1862. A French educator who came to America in 1834, and was professor of modern languages at Michigan University, 1846-62. Lessons in French; French Course; Télémaque, with Notes and Grammatical References; General and Idiomatic Dictionary of the French and English Languages. Cas.

Faunce, David Worcester. Ms., 1829- ——. A Baptist minister of New England. Words and Works of Jesus; Words and Acts of the Apostles; The Christian in the World; A Young Man’s Difficulties with his Bible; The Resurrection in Nature and Revelation. Ran.

Fawcett, Edgar. N. Y., 1847-1904. A New York author who wrote much fiction, more or less ephemeral in character, but whose work as a poet takes far higher rank, some of it in the realm of pure fancy standing quite alone in excellence. His novels include An Ambitious Woman; Fabian Dimitry; A Gentleman of Leisure; A Hopeless Case; Olivia Delaplaine; Asses’ Ears; A New York Family; The Confessions of Claude; Purple and Fine Linen; A Mild Barbarian; The House at High Bridge; Social Silhouettes; The Adventures of a Widow; Tinkling Cymbals; Rutherford; Douglas Duane; Ellen Story; A Demoralizing Marriage; A Man’s Will; Miriam Balestier. In verse he published Short Poems for Short People; The Buntling Ball, a satire; Poems of Fantasy and Passion; Romance and Revery; Song and Story; Songs of Doubt and Dream; The New King Arthur. He wrote also Agnosticism, and Other Essays. Ap. Cas. Fu. Hou. Lip. Ra.

Fay, Amy. La., 1844- ——. A Chicago musician. Music Study in Germany. Mg.

Fay, Theodore Sedgwick. N. Y., 1807-1898. A writer who belonged to the generation of literary New Yorkers which included Halleck, Willis, and Bryant. He was secretary of legation at Berlin, 1837-53; minister to Switzerland, 1853-61; and thereafter lived in Berlin. The novel Norman Leslie is his best known work. Others are, Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man; The Minute Book, a record of travel; Countess Ida; Hoboken, a romance of New York; Sidney Clifton; Robert Rueful; Ulric, a volume of verse; Views of Christianity; Great Outlines of Geography; History of Switzerland; History of the Three Germanys. Bar.

Fearing, Lilian Blanche. Ia., 1863-1901. A lawyer of Chicago. The Sleeping World and Other Poems; In the City by the Lake (verse); Roberta. Ke.

Fellows, John. Ms., 1760-1844. The Veil Removed; Mysteries of Free Masonry.

Felt, Joseph Barlow. Ms., 1789-1869. A Congregational minister of Massachusetts who, after retiring from the ministry, devoted himself to antiquarian research at Salem. Annals of Salem; History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton; Historical Account of Massachusetts Currency; Memoirs of Hugh Peters; The Customs of New England; Ecclesiastical History of New England, include the most of his writings.

Felton, Cornelius Conway. Ms., 1807-1862. A Greek scholar of eminence who was president of Harvard College, 1860-62. Besides his many translations from the Greek, among which The Clouds and The Birds of Aristophanes are the most noteworthy, he published Selections from Modern Greek Writers, with Notes; Familiar Letters from Europe; Greece, Ancient and Modern. Hou.

Fenner, Cornelius George. R. I., 1822-1847. A Unitarian clergyman at one time in charge of a church at Cincinnati. Poems of Many Moods.

Fern, Fanny. See Parton, Mrs.

Fernald, Charles Henry. Me., 1838- ——. A naturalist who has been professor of zoölogy at Massachusetts Agricultural College since 1886. Tortricidæ of North America; Butterflies of Maine; Grasses of Maine; Sphingidæ of New England.

Fernald, Chester Bailey. Ms., 1869- - ——. A littérateur of San Francisco. The Cat and the Cherub, and Other Stories. Cent.

Fernald, James Champlin. Me., 1838- ——. The Economics of Prohibition; The New Womanhood.

Ferrel, William. Pa., 1817-1891. A distinguished meteorologist employed at various times in the Coast Survey and the Signal Service. Recent Advances in Meteorology; Popular Treatise on the Winds; Motions of Fluids and Solids on the Earth’s Surface. Wil.

Ferris, George Titus. Ct., 1840- ——. Great German Composers; Great Italian and French Composers; Great Singers; Great Violinists and Pianists; Great Leaders. Ap.

Fessenden, Thomas Green. N. H., 1771-1837. An agricultural writer of Boston who edited the New England Farmer and similar journals, but in earlier life won considerable attention as a satirical poet under the name of Christopher Caustic. Country Lovers and The Terrible Tractoration are the poems by which he is remembered. He published Original Poems; The Ladies’ Monitor; American Clerk’s Companion; Democracy Unveiled; Pills, Poetical, Political, and Philosophical; Laws of Patents for New Inventions. See Hawthorne’s Fanshawe, and Other Pieces.

Festetitts, Mrs. Kate [Neely]. Va., 1837- ——. A writer of children’s books whose home has been in Washington since 1885. Ellie Randolph; A Year at Dangerfield.

Feuchtwanger, Lewis. G., 1805-1876. A once noted chemist of New York city who came to America from Germany in 1829. Popular Treatise on Gems; Elements of Mineralogy; Treatise on Fermented Liquors; Practical Treatise on Soluble or Water Glass.

Fewkes, Jesse Walter. Ms., 1850- ——. An ethnologist of Boston who has written valuable professional monographs and edited the Journal of American Ethnology and Archæology. Hou.

Ficklin, Joseph. Ky., 1833-1887. A professor of mathematics in the University of Missouri who published The Complete Algebra; Elements of Algebra, and a series of arithmetical text-books.

Field, Mrs. Caroline Leslie [Whitney]. Ms., 1853-1902. Daughter of Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, infra. A writer of Guilford, Connecticut. High Lights, a novel; The Unseen King, and Other Verses. Hou.

Field, David Dudley. Ct., 1781-1867. A Congregational clergyman of Stockbridge, Massachusetts. History of Pittsfield; Genealogy of the Brainerd Family; Histories of the Counties of Berkshire and Middlesex.

Field, David Dudley. Ms., 1805-1894. Son of D. D. Field, supra. A distinguished jurist of New York city. His Speeches, Arguments, and Miscellaneous Papers have been edited by A. P. Sprague in three volumes. Speeches and Arguments before United States Supreme Court; The Electoral Votes of New York; Miscellaneous Papers. See Life by H. M. Field, infra. Ap.

Field, Eugene. Mo., 1850-1895. A journalist and author of Chicago whose writing has received much undiscriminating and damaging praise. The greater part of his work is purely ephemeral, but his poems for and about children possess both originality and beauty. The Denver Tribune Primer; Culture’s Garland; A Little Book of Profitable Tales; A Little Book of Western Verse; Second Book of Verse; Love Songs of Childhood; With Trumpet and Drum (verse); Echoes from the Sabine Farm (with R. M. Field); Songs and Other Verse; A Second Book of Verse; The Holy Cross, and Other Tales. Hou. Scr.

Field, George Washington. 18— -1889. Iowa County and Township Officers; Law of Damages; Private Corporations for Pecuniary Gain; Law of Private Corporations; Constitution and Jurisdiction of United States Supreme Courts; Field’s Lawyers’ Briefs; Field’s Medico-Legal Guide for Doctors and Lawyers; Legal Relations of Infants in the State of New York.

Field, Henry Martyn. Ms., 1822- ——. Son of D. D. Field, 1st, supra. A Congregational clergyman, and editor of the New York Evangelist, whose writings are chiefly concerned with his extensive travels. From the Lakes of Killarney to the Golden Horn; From Egypt to Japan; Story of the Atlantic Telegraph; Among the Holy Hills; Our Western Archipelago; The Barbary Coast; On the Desert; Old Spain and New Spain; Gibraltar; Bright Skies and Dark Shadows; Summer Pictures, from Copenhagen to Venice; Blood is Thicker than Water; The Irish Confederates, or the Rebellion of 1798. Har. Scr.

Field, Henry Martyn. Ms., 1837- ——. A physician, professor in Dartmouth Medical School. Evacuant Medication is his only publication.

Field, Mrs. James A. See Field, Mrs. Caroline Leslie.

Field, Joseph M.[3] E., 1810-1856. An actor and dramatist of St. Louis. The Drama in Pokerville, and Other Stories.

Field, Kate. See Field, Mary.

Field, Mary Katherine Kemble. Mo., 1838-1896. Daughter of J. M. Field, supra. A journalist of Washington. Planchette’s Diary; Ten Days in Spain; Pen Photographs of Dickens’s Readings; Hap-Hazard, Travel Sketches; History of Bell’s Telephone; Adelaide Ristori, a Biography; Life of Fechter. See The Arena, November, 1896. Hou.

Field, Maunsell Bradhurst. N. Y., 1822-1875. A lawyer of New York city. Adrian (with G. P. R. James); Poems; Memories of Many Men and Some Women, a volume of entertaining gossip.

Field, Thomas Warren. N. Y., 1816-1881. An educator of Brooklyn who was superintendent of public schools there, 1873-81. Pear Culture; Historic and Antiquarian Scenes in Brooklyn; Essay Toward an Indian Bibliography. Scr.

Fields, Mrs. Annie [Adams]. Ms., 1834- ——. Wife of J. T. Fields, infra. A Boston littérateur. Under the Olive, a volume of verse; The Singing Shepherd, and Other Poems; A Shelf of Old Books; Whittier, Notes of his Life and Friendships; Memoir of J. T. Fields; How to Help the Poor; Authors and Friends. Har. Hou. Scr.

Fields, James Thomas. N. H., 1816-1881. A well-known publisher of Boston who edited the Atlantic Monthly, 1862-70. Yesterdays with Authors; Underbrush, a collection of essays; Ballads, and Other Verses. See Memoir by Mrs. Fields. Hou.

Fillmore, John Comfort. Ct., 1843-1898. A musician of Milwaukee. History of Piano-Forte Music; New Lessons in Harmony; Lessons in Musical History.

Filson, John. Pa., 1747-1788. An early explorer of the Western country. The Discovery, Settlement, and Present State of Kentucky; Map of Kentucky; Topographical Description of the Western Territory. See Life by R. T. Durret, 1884.

Finch, Francis Miles. N. Y., 1827- ——. A New York jurist, dean of the law school of Cornell University since 1892. He has published a number of poems, among which Nathan Hale and The Blue and the Gray are well known.

Finck, Henry Theophilus. Mo., 1854- ——. A musical journalist of New York city. Wagner and Other Musicians; Romantic Love and Personal Beauty; Chopin, and Other Musical Essays; Lotos-Time in Japan; The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour; Spain and Morocco. Scr.

Findley, Samuel. Pa., 1818-1889. An Associate Reformed clergyman and educator. Rambles Among the Insects.

Findley, William. I., c. 1750-1821. A once noted Pennsylvania politician. Review of the Funding System; History of the Insurrection of the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania.

Finley, James Bradley. N. C., 1781-1856. A Methodist clergyman of Ohio, at one time chaplain in the state penitentiary. History of the Wyandot Mission; Memorials of Prison Life; Sketches of Western Methodism; Life Among the Indians. See Autobiography. Bibliography of Ohio. Meth.

Finley, John. Va., 1796-1866. A journalist of Richmond, Indiana, mayor of that town for a number of years. The Hoosier’s Nest and Other Poems were once widely circulated.

Finley, John Park. Mch., 1854- ——. A lieutenant in the signal service. Tornadoes; Manual of Instruction in Optical Telegraphy; Sailors’ Handbook of Storm Track, Fog and Ice Charts of the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.

Finley, Martha. “Martha Farquharson.” O., 1828- ——. A voluminous writer of religious and moral tales for girls, including more than twenty Elsie Books; The Mildred Books; Casella; Wanted—a Pedigree; and others. Do. Lip.

Finney, Charles Grandison. Ct., 1792-1875. A Congregational clergyman famous during his earlier career as a revivalist. He was president of Oberlin College, 1852-66. Lectures on Revivals; Systematic Theology; Lectures to Professing Christians; Character of Free Masonry; Sermons on Gospel Themes. See Autobiography; Life by G. F. Wright, 1890. Bar.

Finotti, Joseph Maria. Iy., 1817-1879. A Roman Catholic clergyman who was in charge of a Colorado parish at the time of his death. French Grammar; A Month of Mary; Life of Blessed Paul of the Cross; Italy in the Fifteenth Century; Diary of a Soldier; The French Zouave; Herman the Pianist; The Spirit of St. Francis de Sales. Bibliographia Catholica Americana, his most important work, was never completed.

Fish, Henry Clay. Vt., 1820-1877. A Baptist clergyman of Newark, New Jersey. Primitive Piety Revived; The Price of Soul Liberty; Harry’s Conversion; Harry’s Conflicts; Handbook of Revivals; Bible Lands Illustrated, and several compilations. Bar. Do.

Fisher, Ebenezer. Me., 1815-1879. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of the theological seminary at Canton, New York. The Christian Salvation. See Life, 1880.

Fisher, Frances. “Christian Reid.” See Tiernan, Mrs. F.

Fisher, George Jackson. N. Y., 1825-1893. A physician, for many years medical director at Sing Sing prison. Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Physicians of Westchester County, New York; Animal Substances Employed as Medicines by the Ancients; Diploteratology.

Fisher, George Park. Ms., 1827- ——. A Congregational clergyman, professor of ecclesiastical history at Yale University since 1861. The Supernatural Origin of Christianity; The Reformation; The Beginnings of Christianity; Faith and Rationalism; Discussions in History and Theology; Life of Benjamin Silliman, infra; The Grounds of Theistic and Rationalistic Belief; History of the Christian Church; The Christian Religion; Manual of Natural Theology; Manual of Christian Evidences; Outlines of Universal History; Nature and Method of Revelation; The Colonial Era. Fl. Scr.

Fisher, Joshua Francis. Pa., 1807-1873. A municipal reformer of Philadelphia. The Degradation of our Representative System and its Reform; Reform of Municipal Elections; Nomination of Candidates.

Fisher, Michael Montgomery. Ind., 1834-1891. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator, professor of Latin at the University of Missouri from 1871. The Three Pronunciations of Latin; Education.

Fisher, Samuel Reed. Pa., 1810-1881. A German Reformed clergyman of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Exercises in the Heidelberg Catechism; The Rum Plague, a translation from Zschokke; The Family Assistant; Heidelberg Catechism Simplified.

Fisher, Samuel Ware. Pa., 1814-1874. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator, who was president of Hamilton College, 1858-67. Three Great Temptations of Young Men; Occasional Sermons and Addresses.

Fisher, Sydney George. Pa., 1856- ——. A lawyer of Philadelphia. The Evolution of the Constitution of the United States; The Making of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania: Colony and Commonwealth. Co. Lip.

Fisher, Theodore Willis. Ms., 1837- ——. A physician, since 1881 clinical instructor in mental disease at Harvard University. Plain Talks About Insanity.

Fisher, Thomas. Pa., 1801-1856. A Philadelphia writer who published Dial of the Seasons; Song of the Sea Shells; Mathematics Simplified and Made Attractive.

Fisk, Samuel. Ms., 1828-1864. A Congregational clergyman who served as a soldier in the Federal army, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness. Mr. Dunn Browne’s Experiences in the Army.

Fisk, Wilbur. Vt., 1792-1839. A Methodist clergyman once famous as a pulpit orator, and the first president of Wesleyan University, 1831-39. Calvinistic Controversy; Travels in Europe; Sermons on Universalism. See Lives by G. Prentice, 1889, J. Holdich, 1890. Meth.

Fiske, John. Ct., 1842-1901. A philosopher and historian of Cambridge, who lectured and wrote extensively on American history, and was a thinker of the school of Darwin and Spencer. Myths and Myth-Makers; Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy; The Unseen World; Darwinism and Other Essays; Tobacco and Alcohol; Excursions of an Evolutionist; The Destiny of Man; The Idea of God as Affected by Modern Knowledge; American Political Ideas from the Standpoint of Universal History; The Critical Period of American History, 1783-89; The Beginnings of New England; Civil Government in the United States; The War of Independence, a work for young readers; The American Revolution; The Discovery of America; United States History for Schools; Life of Edward L. Youmans, infra; Virginia and Her Neighbours. Ap. Har. Hou.

Fiske, Nathan. Ms., 1733-1799. A Congregational clergyman of Brookfield, Massachusetts, who was a prolific author of essays and addresses. Beside separate sermons, his published works include Sermons (1794); The Moral Monitor, a collection of essays once very popular as a school reader.

Fiske, Nathan Welby. Ms., 1798-1847. Son of N. Fiske, supra. A Congregational clergyman, professor at Amherst College, 1824-47. He was the father of Mrs. Helen Jackson, “H. H.,” infra. Manual of Classical Literature; Sermons; Young Peter’s Tour Around the World; Story of Aleck, or the History of Pitcairn’s Island. See Biography by H. Humphrey, 1850.

Fitch, Elijah. 1745-1788. A Congregational minister of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. The Beauties of Religion, a Poem Addressed to Youth; The Choice, a Poem. See Duyckinck’s American Literature.

Fitch, William Clyde. N. Y., 1865- ——. A dramatist of New York city, the author of Beau Brummell and other plays; The Knighting of the Twins, and Ten Other Tales; Some Correspondence and Six Conversations. Rob. St.

Fitzgerald, Oscar Penn. N. C., 1820- ——. A bishop of the Methodist Church South, living at Atlanta. California Sketches; Christian Growth; Centenary Cameos; Bible Nights; The Class Meeting; Life of Judge Longstreet, infra.

Fitzhugh, George. Va., 1807-1881. A lawyer of Port Royal, Virginia, noted as an advocate of slavery as the proper condition for the mass of mankind. Sociology for the South; Cannibals All, or Slaves without Masters.

Flagg, Edmund. Me., 1815-1890. A lawyer and journalist of St. Louis and elsewhere, living in West Salem, Virginia, in recent years. Venice, the City of the Sea, a history, is his most important work. Other writings of his include North Italy since 1849; Commercial Relations of the United States; Blanche of Artois; Edmond Dantes, a sequel to Monte Christo.

Flagg, Isaac. Ms., 1843- ——. Son of W. Flagg, infra. A professor of Greek at Cornell University, 1871-88, and professor at the University of California since 1891. The Hellenic Orations of Demosthenes; Versicles; The Seven Against Thebes, of Æschylus; Iphigenia among the Taurians, of Euripides. Gi.

Flagg, John Foster Brewster. Ms., 1804-1872. A Philadelphia physician. Ether and Chloroform and their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery, etc.

Flagg, Wilson. Ms., 1805-1884. A naturalist of Cambridge. Studies in the Field and Forest; Woods and By-Ways of New England; Halcyon Days; A Year among the Trees; A Year among the Birds.

Flanders, Henry. N. H., 1826- ——. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Maritime Law; The Law of Shipping; Lives of the United States Chief Justices (1858); Memoirs of Cumberland; Exposition of the United States Constitution; The Law of Fire Insurance; Adventures of a Virginian.

Flash, Henry Lynden. O., 1835- ——. An officer in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Since 1887 he has lived in Los Angeles. He published a volume of Poems (1860).

Fleeta. See Hamilton, Kate.

Fleming, Mrs. May Agnes [Early]. N. B., 1840-1880. A prolific author of sensational romances, some of which were issued under the pseudonym “Cousin May Carleton.” Among them are Guy Earlscourt’s Wife; Lost for a Woman; Pride and Passion.

Fleming, George. See Fletcher, Julia.

Fletcher, James Cooley. Ind., 1823-1901. A Presbyterian clergyman, missionary to Brazil, 1851-54, author with D. P. Kidder of the once very popular work Brazil and the Brazilians, which first appeared in 1857, and reached an eighth edition in 1868. See Hart’s American Literature.

Fletcher, Julia Constance. “George Fleming.” B., 1853- ——. Daughter of J. C. Fletcher, supra. A novelist whose home is in Rome. Kismet; The Head of Medusa; Mirage; Vestigia; Andromeda; The Truth About Clement Ker; For Plain Women Only. Rob.

Fletcher, Robert. E., 1823- ——. An eminent anthropologist of Washington. Paul Broca and the French School of Anthropology; Prehistoric Trephining and Cranial Amulets; Human Proportion in Art and Anthropometry; Some Recent Experiments in Serpent Venom; The New School of Criminal Anthropology; Tattooing among Civilized People.

Fletcher, William Baldwin. Ind., 1837- ——. A physician, since 1883 superintendent of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane. Cholera, its Characteristics, History, etc. Clke.

Flickinger, Daniel Krumler. O., 1824- ——. A clergyman belonging to the sect of United Brethren, and since 1885 a foreign missionary bishop of that faith. Off-hand Sketches of Men and Things in Western Africa; Ethiopia; The Churches, Marching Orders.

Flint, Abel. Ct., 1765-1825. A Congregational clergyman of Hartford who published a Geometry and Trigonometry with a Treatise on Surveying.

Flint, Austin. Ms., 1812-1886. A distinguished physician of New York city who held professorships in several New York medical colleges. Practice of Medicine; Continued Fever; Chronic Pleurisy; Dysentery; Physical Explanation and Diagnosis of Diseases of the Respiratory Organs; Diseases of the Heart; Essays on Conservative Medicine; Phthisis; Clinical Medicine; Manual of Auscultation and Percussion; Medical Ethics and Etiquette; Medicine of the Future. Ap.

Flint, Austin, Jr. Ms., 1836- ——. Son of Austin Flint, supra, and like his father an eminent physician of New York city, connected with several hospitals and medical colleges. Text-Book of Human Physiology; Manual of Chemical Examinations of Urine in Disease; Physiological Effects of Severe and Protracted Muscular Exercise; The Source of Muscular Power; Physiology of Man. Ap.

Flint, Charles Louis. Ms., 1824-1889. The secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture, 1853-81, and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The Agriculture of Massachusetts; Grass and Forage Plants; Milch Cows and Dairy Farming; Manual of Agriculture (with G. B. Emerson, supra). Le.

Flint, Henry Martyn. Pa., 1829-1868. A journalist of Chicago. Life of Stephen A. Douglas; History and Statistics of United States Railroads: Mexico under Maximilian.

Flint, Joshua Barker. Ms., 1801-1864. A surgeon of Boston and subsequently of Louisville, where he was professor of surgery in the Kentucky school of medicine from 1849 till his death. He published The Practice of Medicine.

Flint, Micah P. Ms., 1807-1830. Son of T. Flint, infra. The Hunter and Other Poems (1826). See Coggeshall’s Poets of the West.

Flint, Timothy. Ms., 1780-1840. A Congregational clergyman of New England who after some years of missionary labour in the Ohio Valley devoted himself to literary pursuits in Cincinnati, New York, and elsewhere. His most important work in some respects, the Geography and History of the Mississippi Valley, materially advanced the settlement of that region. His other works include Recollections of Ten Years in the Valley of the Mississippi; Indian Wars in the West; Memoir of Daniel Boone; Lectures on Natural History, etc. Fiction: Francis Berrian; Arthur Clenning; George Mason; The Shoshonee Valley. See Bibliography of Ohio.

Flower, Benjamin Orange. Il., 1859- ——. Formerly the editor and publisher of The Arena at Boston. Civilization’s Inferno, or Studies in the Social Cellar; Lessons Learned from Other Lives; The New Time; Persons, Places, and Ideas; The Century of Sir Thomas More; Gerald Massey, Poet, Prophet, and Mystic. Ar.

Flower, Frank Abial. N. Y., 1854- ——. A Wisconsin statistician, curator of the state historical society. Old Abe, the Wisconsin War Eagle; Life of Matthew H. Carpenter; History of the Republican Party.

Floy, James. N. Y., 1806-1863. A Methodist clergyman of New York city, prominent as a botanist and as an anti-slavery leader. Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden; Occasional Sermons, etc.; Literary Remains (1870).

Folger, Peter. E., 1617-1690. Grandfather of Benjamin Franklin. An emigrant from Norwich, England, in 1635. He settled successively at Watertown, Martha’s Vineyard, and in 1663 at Nantucket. He is remembered as the author of A Looking-Glass for the Times, a spirited doggerel ballad without literary merit, but a very manly appeal for religious toleration. See Tyler’s American Literature.

Follen, Charles Theodore Christian. G., 1796-1840. A German scholar who came to America in 1824. He was German instructor at Harvard University, 1830-34, but lost his position on account of his anti-slavery opinions, and in 1836 was ordained as a Unitarian clergyman. He published a German Reader; Practical German Grammar. See Works in five volumes, with Memoir, edited by Mrs. Follen.

Follen, Mrs. Eliza Lee [Cabot]. Ms., 1787-1859. Wife of C. Follen, supra. A popular author for many years. Sketches of Married Life; Twilight Stories, a volume of excellent juvenile tales; The Well-spent Hour; The Skeptic; Poems; To Mothers in the Free States; Anti-Slavery Hymns and Songs; Home Dramas; Little Songs for Little People; The Old Garret Stories. Le.

Folsom, Charles Follen. Ms., 1842- ——. A physician of Boston, professor in the Harvard Medical School, 1877-1885. Mental Diseases; Present Aspect of the Sewage Question Applied to Boston (1877).

Folsom, George. Me., 1802-1869. An antiquarian writer of New York city. Sketches of Saco and Biddeford; Dutch Annals of New York; Letters and Dispatches of Cortés, translated from the Spanish; Political Condition of Mexico.

Folwell, William Watts. N. Y., 1833- ——. An educator of Minnesota. Public Instruction in Minnesota; Lectures on Political Economy.

Fontaine, Edward. Va., 1814-1884. An Episcopal clergyman of Mississippi. How the World was Peopled, a series of ethnological lectures.

Fontaine, Francis. 18—. The Exile; Etowah, a Romance of the Confederacy.

Foote, Andrew Hull. Ct., 1806-1863. A rear-admiral of the United States navy. Africa and the American Flag (1854). See Life by J. M. Hoppin, infra.

Foote, Henry Stuart. Va., 1800-1880. A prominent Mississippi politician. He was governor of his State, 1853-54, and, though opposed to secession, a member of the Confederate Congress, where he was noted for his strong opposition to Jefferson Davis. Texas and the Texans; The War of the Rebellion, or Scylla and Charybdis; Bench and Bar of the South and Southwest; Personal Reminiscences.

Foote, Henry Wilder. Ms., 1838-1889. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, minister of King’s Chapel from 1861 till his death. Annals of King’s Chapel; Thy Kingdom Come, ten sermons on the Lord’s Prayer; The Insight of Faith. El. Rob.

Foote, Mrs. Mary Anna [Hallock]. N. Y., 1847- ——. A novelist and illustrator whose married life has been passed chiefly in the Rocky Mountain country, where the scene of much of her work is laid. The Led Horse Claim, a Romance of a Mining Camp; In Exile, and Other Stories; John Bodewin’s Testimony; The Chosen Valley; Cœur d’Alene; The Last Assembly Ball; The Cup of Trembling, and Other Stories. Hou.

Foote, William Henry. Ct., 1794-1869. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator of West Virginia. Sketches of North Carolina; Sketches of the Presbyterian Church in Virginia; The Huguenots, or Reformed French Church; Sketches of Virginia.

Forbes, Mrs. Harriette [Merrifield]. Ms., 1856- ——. A writer of Westborough, Massachusetts. The Hundredth Town, a series of historical sketches of Westborough; The Diary of Rev. Ebenezer Parkman.

Forbes, Robert Bennet. Ms., 1804-1889. A sea captain who was subsequently a Boston merchant. China and the China Trade (1844); Construction of Ships for the Merchant Service; Life Boats, Projectiles, and Other Means for Saving Life; Seamen Past and Present; Rambling Reminiscences; Notes on Some Few Wrecks and Rescues.

Forbes, Stephen Alfred. Il., 1844- ——. A professor of zoölogy in the University of Illinois and State entomologist. Studies of the Food of Birds, Fishes, and Insects; Contagious Diseases of Insects.

Force, Manning Ferguson. O., 1824-1899. Son of P. Force, infra. A brigadier-general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and subsequently a prominent jurist of Cincinnati. From Fort Henry to Corinth; Marching Across Carolina; The Mound Builders; Prehistoric Man; Recollections of the Vicksburg Campaign, include the most of his writings. Clke. Scr.

Force, Peter. N. J., 1790-1868. A journalist and historian of Washington who began in 1833 a documentary history of the American colonies. Thirty years’ labour was spent upon the task, and nine volumes completed, entitled American Archives. His other works include Tracts and Other Papers relating to the Origin of the North American Colonies; Grinnell Land. His immense and valuable library was purchased by Congress in 1867.

Force, William Quereau. D. C., 1820-1880. Son of P. Force, supra. A meteorologist of Washington who assisted his father in preparing American Archives, and published Builder’s Guide; The Picture of Washington.

Ford, Corydon La. N. Y., 1813- ——. A physician of note who has held several medical professorships, and since 1886 has been professor emeritus in the Long Island College hospital. Questions on Anatomy, etc.; Questions on the Structure and Development of the Human Teeth; Syllabus of Lectures on Odontology, Human and Comparative.

Ford, Mrs. Emily Ellsworth [Fowler]. Ms., 1826-1893. Daughter of W. C. Fowler, infra, and granddaughter of Noah Webster. A Brooklyn writer who has published My Recollections, a volume of verse.

Ford, James Lauren. Mo., 1854- ——. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. Dr. Dodd’s School; The Third Alarm, are tales for juvenile readers. Other works of his are Hypnotic Tales; The Literary Shop; Bohemia Invaded; Dolly Dillenbeck. Ric. Sto.

Ford, Paul Leicester. L. I., 1865-1902. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, supra. Bibliotheca Hamiltonia; Franklin Bibliography; The Honorable Peter Stirling; The True George Washington; The Story of an Untold Love; Janice Meredith. Do. Ho. Hou. Lip.

Ford, Mrs. Sallie [Rochester]. Ky., 1828- ——. Wife of S. H. Ford, infra. A St. Louis writer whose early writings were very popular, Grace Truman, her first book, having an extensive sale. Other works of hers are, Romance of Freemasonry; Raids and Romance of Morgan and his Men; Mary Bunyan, the Dreamer’s Blind Daughter; Evangel Wiseman; Ernest Quest.

Ford, Samuel Howard. Mo., 1819- ——. A Baptist clergyman of Memphis, Mobile, and elsewhere, living in retirement in St. Louis since 1887. The Origin of the Baptists; Servetus, Hero and Martyr.

Ford, Thomas. Pa., 1800-1850. An Illinois jurist who was governor of his State, 1842-46. History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847.

Ford, William Henry. Pa., 1839-1897. A Philadelphia surgeon twice president of the municipal board of health. He has published Healthy Dwelling-Houses and How to Build Them.

Ford, Worthington Chauncey. L. I., 1858- ——. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, supra. A government statistician at Washington. American Citizens’ Manual; The Standard Silver Dollar.

Forester, Frank. See Herbert, W. H.

Forestier, Auber. See Moore, Mrs. Annie.

Forney, John Weiss. Pa., 1817-1881. A journalist of Philadelphia and Washington, of prominence as a politician, and secretary of the United States Senate, 1861-68. Life of General Hancock; Anecdotes of Public Men; The New Nobility, a story of England and America; What I Saw in Texas; A Centennial Commissioner in Europe; Letters from Europe; Forty Years of American Journalism. Ap. Har. Lip.

Forrester, Fanny. See Judson, Mrs.

Forrester, Francis. See Wise, Daniel.

Forry, Samuel. Pa., 1811-1844. A physician and surgeon of New York city. The Climate of the United States and its Endemic Influences; Meteorology.

Fort, George Franklin. N. J., 1809-1872. A governor of New Jersey, 1850-1854. Early History and Antiquities of Freemasonry.

Fortier, Alcée. La., 1856- ——. An educator of Louisiana, professor of Romance languages in Tulane University. Le Château de Chambord; Gabriel d’Ennerich, an historical novelette; Bits of Louisiana Folk-Lore; Sept Grands Auteurs de xix^e Siècle; Histoire de la Littérature Française; Louisiana Studies; Louisiana Folk Tales. He has also annotated college editions of several French texts. He. Ho. Hou.

Forwood, William Stump. Md., 1830-1892. A physician of Darlington, Maryland. History and Descriptive Account of Mammoth Cave, with Full Scientific Details of the Eyeless Fishes.

Fosdick, Charles Austin. “Harry Castlemon.” N. Y., 1842- ——. A voluminous author of juvenile books, among which The Gunboat Series; Rocky Mountain Series; Roughing It Series; The Steel Horse, or the Rambles of a Bicycle, are but a few of the whole number. Co.

Fosdick, William Whiteman. O., 1825-1862. A lawyer of Cincinnati, who published Malmiztic the Toltec, a novel; Ariel and Other Poems.

Foss, Samuel Walter. N. H., 1858- ——. A writer of popular dialect and other poems, whose home is in Somerville, Massachusetts. Back Country Poems; Whiffs from Wild Meadows (verse). Le.

Foster, Charles Hubbs. N. Y., 1833-1895. An actor and playwright of New York city, who wrote more than seventy-five plays, mostly melodramas, among which are, Twins of London; Twenty Years Dead; The Chain Gang.

Foster, Mrs. Hannah [Webster]. Ms., 1759-1840. A writer who was the wife of John Foster, minister at Brighton, Massachusetts, 1784-1827, and after his death a resident of Montreal. She was the daughter of Grant Webster, a merchant of Boston, and was probably born in that city. She wrote The Boarding School; Letters of a Preceptress; but is remembered chiefly for having been the author of the once famous story, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, which was largely based upon fact, and passed through more than thirty editions.

Foster, John Wells. Ms., 1815-1873. A geologist employed by the United States in a geological survey of the Lake Superior region, and subsequently a resident of Chicago. The Mississippi Valley; Mineral Wealth and Railroad Development; Prehistoric Races of the United States; Geology and Topography of the Lake Superior Land District (with J. D. Whitney, infra). Sc.

Foster, Mrs. Judith Ellen [Horton]. Ms., 1840- ——. A lawyer and prominent temperance advocate of Iowa. The Crime Against Ireland; Amendment Manual (Prohibition); The American Renaissance; Republican Contentions and Supreme Court Decisions.

Foster, Randolph Sinks. O., 1820-1903. A Methodist bishop of much prominence in his denomination. Objections to Calvinism; Christian Purity; Ministry Needed for the Times; Theism; Beyond the Grave; Centenary Thoughts; Studies in Theology. Meth.

Foster, Robert Verrell. Tn., 1845- ——. A Cumberland Presbyterian clergyman and educator, professor of Hebrew in the Theological Seminary at Lebanon, Tennessee, since 1877. Introduction to the Study of Theology; Old Testament Studies; Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans.

Foster, Stephen Collins. Pa., 1826-1864. A famous song-writer and composer of Pittsburg and New York city. He set to music 150 or more songs, the words in nearly all cases being his own. Some of them, like the Suwanee River, My Old Kentucky Home, Nelly Bly, are known in all English-speaking lands. See Atlantic Monthly, November, 1867.

Foster, Stephen Symonds. N. H., 1809-1881. A noted anti-slavery agitator of Worcester, Massachusetts. He married in 1845 Abby Kelly, also noted as an abolitionist. The Brotherhood of Thieves, a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy.

Foster, Mrs. Theodosia Maria [Toll]. “Faye Huntington.” N. Y., 1838- ——. An educator of Verona, New York, who has written much for young people. In Earnest; What Fide Remembers; A Baker’s Dozen; A Modern Exodus, are among her works. Lo.

Foster, William Eaton. Vt., 1851- ——. A librarian of Providence. The Civil Service Reform Movement; The Literature of Civil Service Reform in the United States; Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island Statesman; Town Government in Rhode Island.

Fowler, Henry. Ms., 1824-1872. A Presbyterian clergyman of Auburn, New York. The American Pulpit, a collection of sketches of American preachers.

Fowler, Lorenzo Niles. N. Y., 1811-1896. A lecturer, editor, and publisher of New York city who settled in London in 1863, and lectured frequently in England from that period. Marriage, its History and Ceremonies; Lectures on Man.

Fowler, Mrs. Lydia [Folger]. Ms., 1823-1879. Wife of L. N. Fowler, supra. A practicing physician for some years. Nora, the Lost and Redeemed; The Pet of the Household and How to Save It; Familiar Lessons on Phrenology and Physiology; Familiar Lessons on Astronomy.

Fowler, Orin. Ct., 1791-1852. A Congregational clergyman of Fall River, noted as a temperance and anti-slavery orator, who was a member of Congress, 1848-52. Treatise on Baptism; Historical Sketch of Fall River.

Fowler, Orson Squire. N. Y., 1809-1887. Brother of L. N. Fowler, supra, and with him a member of the New York publishing house of Fowler & Wells, 1844-63. He was an ardent phrenologist, and wrote much on his favourite topic. Memory and Intellectual Improvement; Physiology, Animal and Mental; Matrimony; Self-Culture; Hereditary Descent; Love and Parentage; Sexual Science; Amativeness; Human Science; Creative Science; The Self-Instructor in Phrenology (with L. N. Fowler).

Fowler, Philemon Halstead. N. Y., 1814-1879. A Presbyterian clergyman of Utica. History of Presbyterianism in central New York; The Presbyterian Element in our National Life and History.

Fowler, William Chauncey. Ct., 1793-1881. A Congregational clergyman and educator of New England, who married a daughter of Noah Webster, infra. Memorials of the Chaunceys; The Sectional Controversy, or Passages in United States Political History; History of Durham, Connecticut; Local Law in Massachusetts and Connecticut; Essays; English Grammar; The English Language in its Elements and Forms. Har.

Fowler, William Worthington. Vt., 1833-1881. Son of W. C. Fowler, supra. He was successively a lawyer, broker, and journalist of New York city. Ten Years in Wall Street; Fighting Fire, the Great Fires of History (1873); Woman on the American Frontier; Twenty Years of Inside Life in Wall Street.

Fox, Ebenezer. Ms., 1763-1843. A Bostonian who was postmaster of his city 1830-36, and the author of The Revolutionary Adventures of Ebenezer Fox (1848).

Fox, John [William]. Ky., 186- ——. A Cumberland Vendetta. Har.

Fox, Norman. N. Y., 1836- ——. A Baptist minister of New York and Missouri. George Fox and the Early Friends; Rise of the Use of Pouring and Sprinkling for Baptism; A Layman’s Ministry; Inspiration of the Apostles in Speaking and Writing.

Foxton, E. See Palfrey, Sarah.

Foye, James Clark. N. H., 1841-1896. An educator who was a professor of chemistry at Lawrence University from 1867. Chemical Problems; Handbook of Mineralogy; Tables for Determination of United States Minerals.

France, Lewis Browne. D. C., 1833- ——. A lawyer and littérateur of Denver. Over the Old Trail; Pine Valley, a volume of short stories; Mountain Trails and Parks in Colorado. Cr.

Francis, Convers. Ms., 1795-1863. Brother of Mrs. Lydia Child, supra. A Unitarian clergyman of Watertown, Massachusetts, and subsequently Parkman professor of pulpit eloquence at Harvard University, 1843-63. Life of John Eliot (supra); Historical Sketch of Watertown; Errors of Education, include his principal writings.

Francis, James Bicheno. E., 1815-1892. A noted hydraulic engineer of Lowell. Lowell Hydraulic Experiments; The Strength of Cast Iron Columns.

Francis, John Wakefield. N. Y., 1789-1861. A physician of much prominence at one time in medical and literary circles of New York city. Use of Mercury; Cases of Morbid Anatomy; Febrile Contagion; The Anatomy of Drunkenness; Old New York, a volume of pleasant reminiscences, comprise his principal writings. See Life by Tuckerman.

Francis, Samuel Ward. N. Y., 1835-1886. Son of J. W. Francis, supra. A physician of New York city and subsequently of Newport, Rhode Island. Mott’s Clinics; Water; Inside and Out; Biographical Sketches of New York Surgeons and Physicians; Life and Death; Curious Facts Concerning Man and Nature.

Francis, Valentine Mott. N. Y., 1834. Son of J. W. Francis, supra. A physician of Newport who has published Hospital Hygiene.

Francke, Kuno. Sg., 1855- ——. A professor in Harvard University. Social Forces in German Literature: a Study in the History of Civilization. Ho.

Franklin, Benjamin. Ms., 1706-1790. A celebrated philosopher, statesman, and scientist who was born in Boston but went to Philadelphia in 1723, where he worked as a journeyman printer. In 1729 he became the proprietor of The Pennsylvania Gazette, and after that date his rise in life was rapid. He established the Philadelphia Library in 1731, the American Philosophical Society in 1744, and was one of the founders in 1749 of the institution which in 1753 became the University of Pennsylvania. In 1753 he was appointed, jointly with William Hunter, postmaster-general of the colonies. He was twice sent to London as colonial agent for Pennsylvania, and in 1770 was appointed agent for Massachusetts in England. In 1776 he helped draft the Declaration of Independence. During the next nine years he was first commissioner, then minister, to France; and was also a member of the commission which negotiated the treaty of peace with England. He was the discoverer of the identity of lightning with electricity, and the inventor of the lightning-rod. As a writer his influence has been felt throughout the world, his works including essays on politics, religion, commerce, science, and philosophy. The Busybody is a series of papers of the type of those in The Spectator, but furnishing much more lively reading. Poor Richard’s Almanac, published 1732-57, was everywhere popular, and had a great influence over the mass of readers. The work by which he is best known, however, is his famous Autobiography, which has been one of the most widely read books ever printed. His Complete Works in ten volumes have been edited by J. Bigelow, supra. See Edinburgh Review, July, 1806, and August, 1817; Contemporary Review, July, 1879; Harper’s Magazine, July, 1880; Godey’s Magazine, 1896; Appleton’s American Biography; Parker’s Historic Americans; Hale’s Franklin in France; Lives by Parton, McMaster, H. Mayhew, Morse; Mignet’s Vie de Franklin, 1873; Wetzel’s Franklin as an Economist. Put.

Franklin, Benjamin. R. I., 1819-1898. An Episcopal clergyman of Shrewsbury, New Jersey. The Creed and Modern Thought; The Church and the Era.